March Across the Belts

1759:), commissioned by Charles X Gustav, and completed for publication in 1696. Pufendorf used various sources to describe the course of events, including reports from Hugu Terlon and Philip Meadow and notes written by Swedish secretary Edvard Ehrenstéen. According to these, it was Charles X Gustav who was the driving force and who made the final decisions in the campaign, sometimes contrary to the warnings of his advisers. According to Pufendorf, Charles X Gustav was the lone hero, and the Treaty of Roskilde was his achievement only. The depiction of the circumstances of the decision-making process both in Frederiksodde and on Funen became complicated as Erik Dahlbergh's autobiography and excerpts from his diary were published in 1757 and 1785, respectively. In both works, Dahlbergh highlighted his own role in the king's decision to cross the Great Belt: it was his ice investigations, including the fact that he presented the report on the ice conditions to the king, that spurred the king's decision process. In the resulting deliberations in Nyborg, it was Dahlbergh who persuaded the king to venture out on the ice, while Wrangel and Corfitz Ulfeldt advised otherwise. In 1786, 1417:'s dragoon squadron, 1,500 conscripted peasants and 40 guns, to surrender. Although the commander, Colonel Franciscus Edmond, refused to surrender, the morale in the garrison waned and the local bourgeoisie took matters into their own hands. The burghers assaulted the conscripted peasants on the wall and disabled the cannons. On the night of 7 February, the bourgeoisie opened the city gates and sent a delegation handing over the keys of Nakskov to Ulfeldt as the king's representative. In the morning, a Swedish troop entered the city and captured the garrison. They disarmed the conscripted peasantry and ordered them home to their farms. Svante Banér was appointed commander and received 600 men to form a garrison. The same day, 600 Danish soldiers who were on their way to Nakskov to strengthen the Danish garrison stumbled upon a Swedish cavalry unit who captured them. Meanwhile, the king had passed Nakskov and advanced quickly with the bulk of his army to Oreby Farm, where he spent the night. On 8 February he marched across 1980: 1312: 896: 1373: 1688:), the Swedish historian Lars Ericson Wolke explained that several factors led to Charles X Gustav's victory in his first war with Denmark. On paper, the armies of Denmark and Sweden were relatively equal, though the Danish army and navy were slightly stronger. The Swedish army, however, was more combat-experienced, and its command was significantly more determined and ruthless. From a purely strategic and operational point of view, Charles X Gustav's decision to launch a campaign against Denmark was an unreasonable one, since he had not finished his ongoing campaign in Poland. But for the king and the Swedish command, Denmark was a higher priority than Poland, and the march towards Jutland gave Sweden an opportunity to withdraw from what they called the "Polish swamp" with their honor intact. 1692:

twice helped the Swedes out of difficult situations, which increased the pressure on Denmark even further. In addition, the Danish intelligence service suffered from serious shortcomings, even though the fighting took place in the heart of their own kingdom. The Danes repeatedly had a very vague view of the Swedish army, both in terms of its size and its exact location, which escalated uncertainty within the Danish command. Frederick III and his advisers constantly hoped that the Netherlands, and perhaps even Austria and Brandenburg, would come to their aid at the last minute. The constant Swedish pressure, paired with poor Danish intelligence, led to panic in the defense first of Funen, and later of Lolland and Zealand. The logical outcome was the "panic peace" treaty of Roskilde.

877:. During a nighttime observation, he found the ice sufficiently thick for an entire army to cross and raced back to the king with his report. But Charles X Gustav had already decided the army would cross the ice towards Iversnæs, ordering his troops to prepare to march the following morning. During the night, he dispatched troops to build bridges with boards and straw across weaker ice sections and gaps beyond Brandsø. Reconnaissance patrols were sent both north and south of Iversnæs to take measurements of the current. The Swedes planned to cross the ice in a relatively scattered formation, to minimize the risk of the ice breaking under them. This created a dilemma as the Danes on Funen could locate and strike the approaching Swedish isolated units quickly. 1467:, which the Danish troops had abandoned. They paused for a day to scout out their surroundings. On 15 February Swedish units passed Køge tavern and reached Torslunda Magle, only 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Copenhagen, while the Danish troops withdrew. Since 5 February, the garrison of Copenhagen consisted of 4,000 cavalry, 1,200 infantry and 2,000 sailors, including 3,000 armed citizens. Despite their numerical superiority, the morale in the capital waned, and on the evening of 15 February, Charles X Gustav received a message from Ambassador Meadows that Frederick III was ready to negotiate everything with no fixed conditions. Charles X Gustav ordered his army to halt and focused on the peace talks. 1024:. The Danes suffered a severe shortage of clothes, food and grain, since stores previously sent to Frederiksodde ended up in Swedish hands. The Danish units were by necessity garrisoned in towns and villages around Funen, quickly consuming all the surplus provisions stored there. Sailors were put ashore from the Danish warships, but they were poorly dressed and suffered from frostbite. The lack of fodder in Funen meant several horses on the island died of starvation, which forced a cavalry regiment from Zealand to leave their horses during their transportation to Funen. Gyldenløve had roughly 5,000 men scattered throughout the island. Of these, 3,000 were cavalry, while the rest were infantry and 1696:

been captured in the middle of the Danish kingdom without the opportunity to escape. The king's decision averted the impending catastrophe, thanks to a combination of luck and boldness. A similar analysis can be made of the ice marches themselves, during which two cavalry squadrons fell through the ice on the Little Belt and drowned. If the bulk of the army had perished, posterity would likely have condemned the decision to cross the ice. This did not occur, however, and a potential catastrophe turned into a huge military success, which in turn resulted in the most profitable peace treaty Sweden has ever signed. For Denmark, the peace treaty became a disaster that severely mutilated the kingdom.

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Nyborg. The king moved quickly to Svendborg, where earlier on eleven o'clock in the evening, a Swedish patrol of 60 men returned from Grimstedt on Lolland. The patrol looted the mansion and rode back in a closed formation at full trot and gallop, bringing a few Danish prisoners. Although the weather changed drastically, causing the snow to melt, the ice was found to be sufficiently strong all the way to Lolland. With this information, the king proceeded according to plan. He ordered Wrangel to re-examine the ice between Nyborg and Korsør. If the ice was still too thin in this section, Wrangel would immediately lead his troops south to Svendborg and cross the ice in the king's footsteps.

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career and emphasize his exploits in the service of the late king. Later in Dahlbergh's life, he became one of Sweden's most powerful civil servants and military commanders, which, according to Björlin, stimulated his need to polish his early career. Björlin stated that Dahlberg "created his story without any witnesses", since it was not possible to prove the validity of Dahlbergh's reports based on other sources. Later researchers and in subsequent depictions of the campaign, Björlin's examination of Dahlbergh's writings was ignored. It was not until 1948 that Curt Weibull acknowledged Björlin's argument. During his lecture before a Nordic history seminar in

1402: 231: 213: 164: 1331:, Dahlbergh crossed two ice-covered straits and reached Longelse church on Langeland on 2 February, 80 kilometres (50 mi) from his starting point on Funen. There, Uggla regrouped with the main part of the cavalry, while Dahlbergh and 40 cavalrymen under Niethoff crossed the 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) wide Great Belt and arrived ashore at Grimstedt's mansion. The Danish coastguard of a dozen horsemen withdrew, but one of them was captured along with two farmers: Dahlbergh transported the prisoners across the Great Belt as living proof of their crossing. On the way back, Dahlbergh took several drill samples of the ice at 861:

Hejls. On 28 January, Charles X Gustav reached Haderslev and received reports from Wrangel about his route map. The king approved his plan, giving Wrangel permission to begin the march without the king and his troops, provided that the ice was deemed sufficiently thick. The king arrived at Hejls on 29 January: Wrangel had not yet set out. Later that day, a detachment of between 500 and 600 troops was sent across the ice to scout the road to Funen. The force reached the foreland of Iversnæs on the other side of the strait occupied by Danish troops. They had constructed two

1050:, consisting of 400 cavalrymen under Colonel Casper Borneman, who rode out towards Tybrind Vig. 200 detached dragoons who used sleds to carry beams, boards, ladders, barrels, and straw to build bridges across gaps and weaker ice sections accompanied Borneman. After their discovery, the Danes dispatched some of their units from Iversnæs to Tybrind Vig, where they clashed with the Swedish scouts. The church bells rang across Funen, warning the Swedes were on their way. The Swedish soldiers put straw on their hats as a sign of identification and handed out the password: "Help, Jesus!". 998: 1717: 1094: 631: 39: 1823:, highlighted Ulfeldt's role in the campaign. Julius Albert Fridericia and Fredrik Ferdinand Carlson mainly expressed this approach. Writing in 1855, Carlson emphasized how Wrangel and Ulfeldt argued against a march across the ice and almost convinced Charles X Gustav to call off his campaign until Dahlbergh, in a single deliberation, persuaded the king to change his mind. Carlson regarded Charles X Gustav as the man who gave Sweden its natural borders, and as an early proponent of 198: 186: 152: 1868:

march itself, so the road across the islands to Zealand must have been guided by others. Dahlbergh's information that Wrangel and Ulfeldt advised against the march has also been proven incorrect. Wrangel was zealously engaged in ascertaining the sustainability of the ice on his section, and Ulfedt stood by the king's side when he made his final decision. There is no doubt that it was the king, not Dahlbergh, who took the initiative and took full responsibility for the venture."

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command of Vice Admiral Peter Bredal, remained untouched. Wrangel sent Major Christer Lillieberg to Bredal to persuade him to surrender, but he chose to fight. Swedish troops lined their cannons along the shore, and the Swedes and the Danish ships bombarded each other for several days. On 2 February the Danish sailors managed to saw open a gap in the ice, pull the ships out of range of the Swedish cannons, and sail back to Copenhagen, ending the hostilities on Funen.

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the ice between Nyborg and Sprogø was sufficiently strong, but on the other side of Sprogø, the ice was too thin to carry an entire army. On 3 February, Charles X Gustav moved from Dalum back to the mayor's manor in Odense. Since 1 February, the king had been waiting impatiently for a report from Berendes and Dahlbergh on the ice conditions across to Langeland.

1627:. Following the signing of the Roskilde treaty, Swedish troops still occupied the Danish islands, except Zealand. Charles X Gustav took advantage of the situation by landing in Korsør on 6 August 1658 with 5,200 men. Charles X Gustav began a siege of Copenhagen on 11 August, to starve the city's inhabitants into submission. In the meantime, 1253: 1505:. The Swedish military advantage was massive, and Swedish troops occupied almost all of Denmark. But at the same time, Charles X Gustav was in a hurry to make peace before other states intervened to aid Denmark. Therefore, the Swedish conditions were reduced step by step. The result was still a disaster for Denmark, which was forced to cede the provinces of 1207:

landing and secure Assens. The king broke camp from Eskør with the cavalry. He arrived at Køng, where Dahlbergh established the Swedish units' night quarters, and a vicarage belonging to Vicar Henning Clausen Bang accommodated the royal company. There, Charles X Gustav held a council of war with Wrangel, the Margrave of Baden-Durlach, the Danish defector

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front. The other half of his wing was transferred to a northward path towards the king's wing. They rode ashore on Ruds Cape north of Tybrind Vig and, under the cover of a forest, encircled and struck the Danes from the north and east. While Wrangel's wing rode towards the shore, the ice broke up in patches behind them, and two cavalry squadrons from Waldeck's and

1236:, this sent shock waves through the capital's inner circles. King Frederick III wrote a proposal for a ceasefire and promised English mediation for a peace between Sweden and Denmark on 3 February. During the following weeks, Meadows worked diligently to create peace between the countries, as the war affected trade in the Baltic Sea, including 1713:

policy was to the benefit or detriment of Sweden as a whole, and partly over Erik Dahlbergh's role in the decision-making process regarding the Swedish army's march across the ice. The decision itself, however, has rarely been discussed or questioned, despite its crucial importance for the future of both the Swedish empire and its army.

1163:. The city was unfortified and guarded by a small Danish cavalry force under the command of Colonel Steen Bille, which was disarmed after a short battle. Gyldenløve was also in Odense and was captured along with Danish officials Iver Vind, Jörgen Brahe, Gunde Rosenkrantz and Henrik Rantzau. On 31 January, Swedish troops captured 925:, advanced behind the cavalry and took a different and longer route across the ice, carrying both the artillery and baggage train. As a result, they were unable to take part in the battle against the Danes. All units planned to converge at Tybrind Vig north of Iversnæs, approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Brandsø. 1839:, Weibull rejected Dahlbergh's writings, labeling them stories with no factual historical value. Weibull emphasized it was Ulfeldt who played an important role in the king's decision to cross the Belt. Several researchers opposed Weibull, and the debate continued when he returned to the subject in an essay in 1954. 658:, on the east coast of southern Jutland. Smaller Danish forces had been defeated along the way, but no decisive victory had been achieved, and the Danish leadership felt secure in their belief that Frederiksodde would protect the Danish islands. The war took place on other fronts. Swedish troops under 2120:

and Carl Andreas Dahlström portrayed Charles X Gustav and his army on the ice in dense, square formations, when in reality, they were spread several meters apart and led their horses on foot. Lemke made these paintings using Erik Dahlbergh's drawings or engravings and under his supervision.

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Gustaf Björlin critically examined the decision-making process behind the march across the Belts in 1921. He highlighted the source-critical weaknesses in Dahlbergh's diary and memoirs, which were released long after the course of the depicted events. Dahlbergh had an apparent need to promote his own

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a.m. on 5 February. It was stated in the morning that the ice condition became more uncertain in this section. Several Swedish patrols testing the ice at Korsør fell through but managed to save themselves from drowning. Sudden changes in the weather obstructed the ice formation, including storms

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on the Zealand side. Erik Dahlbergh led the investigations along the Svendborg route through Langeland and across to Lolland. Through their superiors, Wrangel and Berendes, the king received continuous reports about the ice conditions. On 1 February, Wrangel reported a rumor to the king that the

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Following the landing at Tybrind Vig, Charles X Gustav went to the village of Eskør, which became a gathering point for the Swedish units. The king refused to wait for the infantry and artillery, who were still marching out on the ice, but ordered their commanders to march south after their

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without a fight, along with official Otte Krag and several senior Danish officers. Large parts of the Danish government fell into Swedish captivity. The officers were sent to prison camps in Frederiksodde, while some higher-ranking Danes were allowed to keep their swords and move freely around Funen.

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From the moment the Swedish army marched up to Jutland, they gained the initiative in the war: the Swedes acted, while the Danes reacted. The Swedes constantly made new and surprising maneuvers, never giving the Danish command time to plan and execute their own moves. The ice conditions in the Belts

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on the way. The king rode northward on Zealand with a vanguard of 600 horsemen and stumbled upon Ambassador Meadows and the Danish negotiators Gersdorf and Skeel. The king returned to Vordingborg and began the peace talks later that day, but he sought to continue his march to put further pressure on

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Following the forced and risky march across the ice, Charles X Gustav rested his troops for two days. The units were brought together, and in his camp at Vålse he commanded 5,000 cavalry, 2,500 infantry, and about 20 field guns. On 11 February the king broke camp with his reconnoiters

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on Lolland on 8 February, where he struck camp for the night. On 9 February, Wrangel continued to Sakskøbing, where he received the king's permission to let his exhausted troops rest until 10 February. Wrangel's troops were reunited with Charles X Gustav's at Vålse on the afternoon of

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Towards the end of the afternoon on 5 February, Charles X Gustav finally decided that the army would march through Langeland towards Lolland. Accompanied by Ulfeldt, the king left Nyborg at the head of all available cavalry regiments. Wrangel was left with the infantry and remained in

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Christen Skeel. He suggested the Swedish and Danish delegations should meet in Rudkøbing on 13 February, alternatively on Sprogø. Swedish patrols were dispatched to investigate the ice towards Falser, Langeland and Lolland. They reported the change of weather had not affected the ice conditions

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on Langeland and inspected a Swedish unit on Ærø. On the evening of 4 February, while the king received the proposal for a ceasefire from the English envoy, Dahlbergh returned to Odense and reported the ice conditions in Lolland were good. The king decided to go immediately to Nyborg to consult

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and some other senior officers. The deliberations were mainly about a possible march towards Zealand. On 31 January, the king arrived in Odense, where Bishop Laurids Jacobsen Hindsholm, Mayor Thomas Brodersen Risbrich and several priests and civil servants received him. The king spent the night

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spotted Charles X Gustav and aimed his cannons towards him. Several cannonballs hit the ice in front of the king's horse, and a cannonball threw up debris that slightly damaged the king's left eye. Dahlbergh rode by his side and survived unscathed. Shortly afterwards, the king rode up to a

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Wrangel's wing began to march across the ice. Charles X Gustav halted his wing as a tactical reserve in case the Danes conducted a counterattack across the ice against the Swedish baggage train in Brandsø. Such an attack never came, and the left wing later moved out to the ice. Of the nine

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to the island. On the evening of 27 January, Arensdorff returned and reported the Danish horsemen abandoned Brandsø and fled back to Funen across the ice. The distance between Frederiksodde and Funen was just over 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) at its narrowest point, and 17 kilometres (11 mi)

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A Swedish expeditionary force of 2,000 men under Clas Tott left Zealand and sailed to the Scanian coast on 1 March. The troops seized the Scanian fortresses, and the Danish garrisons were sent to the ports of Öresund to be transported back to Zealand. Drafted Scanian soldiers were disarmed and

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out on the ice, ordering the Margrave of Baden-Durlach to cross the ice with the bulk of the cavalry to Tåsinge and continue to Rudkøbing. Reconnaissance patrols trotted in advance to confirm the ice conditions. Several squadrons, however, disappeared on forays against the Danish farms, forcing the

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The Danish cavalry lined up in battle formation on both sides of the small infantry force and their artillery. Charles X Gustav tried to make a two-pronged attack from the ice and on land. Wrangel was ordered to make a straight attack with parts of his wing on the beach towards the Danish

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and additional fortifications and ordered Danish farmers to create a moat by tearing up the ice close to the shore. A strong current was discovered at the shore, creating a broken ice channel. The Danes spotted the Swedish force and bombarded it with their cannon. On the evening of 29 January,

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was captured and died a few weeks later. As the Swedes now controlled all of Jutland, the fall of Frederiksodde was deemed disastrous for Denmark, which had lost control to the Danish islands. During the period after the assault on Frederiksodde, the Swedish command felt insecure, fearing an attack

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Beskrifning öfwer swenska mynt och kongl. skåde-penningar: som til denna tid, antingen i stora cabinetter wyearkeligen äro go̊mde, eller i böcker finnas afritade : tillika med efterrättelse om hwad i fremmande länder, med och emot swerige, under någon stempel utkommit : hwarjemte fo̊ljer

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criticized the heroic image of Charles X Gustav, viewing the king's war policy as morally unjust. Wilhelm Erik Svedelius rebuked Fryxell in 1844. Swedelius believed one could not place moral values on the actions of statesmen, arguing the good of the state was synonymous with the morally

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in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Charles X Gustav was highlighted as the king who gave Sweden its current and "natural" borders. The campaign has triggered a prolonged discussion among historians, partly over the issue of whether Charles X Gustav's war

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Before deciding to march across the Belts, Charles X Gustav and his army faced a potential catastrophe. The army was isolated and could face imminent encirclement should an Austrian-Polish army attack from the rear. If the ice on the Great Belt had not settled, the king's army might have

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between Funen and Langeland. The king was eager to cross the ice to Langeland, but he began to despair after receiving reports that the current between Langeland and Lolland obstructed ice formation. The frost had now taken hold of the Danish islands, and on 2 February, Lubecker reported that

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on Funen and unit after unit arrived on solid ground, including the artillery and the baggage train. A large part of the cavalry moved inland to pursue the scattered Danish troops fleeing the battle. The peasant assembly at Iversnæs broke down as Swedish units under Tott attacked them from Tybrind

801:. But the ice cover came closer every day, and it was uncertain whether the entire Swedish cavalry could be transferred across the strait. As ice spread quickly and the cold persisted, getting to Funen with transport ships became impossible. This left only one alternative—a march across the frozen 615:

was involved deeply in the wars against both Poland and Russia, and the Danes were able to use this to put further pressure on Sweden. As an increasingly precarious situation emerged around them, Charles X Gustav and his advisers sought a suitable solution to the Polish conflict. A quick

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Concluding he could not cross the ice from Nyborg, Wrangel marched to the king's starting point in Svendborg, bringing 3,000 men, of which 1,700 were infantry, 1,000 cavalry, and 200 artillerymen with 16 guns. On the morning of 7 February, Wrangel broke camp from Nyborg and, after a ten-hour

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On the evening of 31 January, Wrangel's cavalry unit reached Nyborg after completing a rapid 50 kilometres (31 mi) march across Funen. Despite Nyborg being strongly fortified, the Danish garrison surrendered offering no resistance. Only four frozen Danish ships and their crew, under the

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When news of the successful Swedish landing spread across the island, the Danish resistance was broken. Smaller Danish units in various places around Funen surrendered, or the soldiers simply returned to their homes. A few Danish cavalrymen crossed the ice to Zealand, after stealing property from

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Wrangel was under heavy pressure from the Danes: Charles X Gustav detected this and sent Tott with the Uppland Cavalry Regiment to reinforce him. The Swedish attack on the beach and around the Danish line of defense succeeded, and it collapsed. Von Løwenklau realized his troops would be

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On the morning of Saturday, 30 January, Charles X Gustav moved out with his army to Brandsø. Then the army was lined up on the ice. According to one source his troops numbered between 6,000 and 7,000 men, according to others up to 12,000 men. The cavalry was grouped into two wings.

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On 28 January, Wrangel marched with the cavalry out of Frederiksodde to Hejls close to Hejlsminde Bay, where the rest of the cavalry arrived on 29 January. They planned to start the ice march from a place between the villages of Anslet and Knudshöfft, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) south of

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He (Dahlbergh) was quartermaster general of the army, and as such, was commissioned to reconnoiter the quarters and the roads. But this time he dawdled away, and the king was forced to dispatch other reconnoiters. Their testimonies weighed as heavily as Dahlbergh's. He was not present during the

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On the morning of 6 February, Charles X Gustav reached Rudkøbing on Langeland and quickly went across the island to the ferry at Longelse Church. At noon the same day, he reached Tyear's ferry on Lolland. In the evening, a Swedish cavalry regiment under Colonel Overbeck surrounded

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peasants. Given the problems spreading across the island, the actual strength was on paper. Gyldenløve became ill and unable to ride a horse, which resulted in his being forced to transfer command to Major General Jens von Løwenklau. About 4,500 men were stationed at Iversnæs, of whom 1,500 were

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created the statue, and the driving force behind its construction was politician Carl Herslow, along with historian Martin Weibull, who gave the ceremonial speech on 28 June 1896. Weibull highlighted Charles X Gustav's long-term attempt to unite the Nordic peoples as early as the

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on Lolland, reporting they spotted a Swedish patrol on Langeland. The next day, Nakskov's commander received news that Swedish troops were inspecting the ice condition from Langeland to Lolland. Dahlbergh received his order from Charles X Gustav on 31 January, and escorted by 200

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for him and his soldiers, which was granted. The battle was over by ten o'clock in the morning. Of the five Danish cavalry regiments lined up along the shore, only two remained intact after the short battle. An unknown number of Danish soldiers were killed, but the majority surrendered and were

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Weibull's and Björlin's views of the events have had a strong impression on other researchers since the 1950s, when the so-called "Weibull School" in the 1940s and 1950s dominated Swedish historiography. Arne Stade, however, was unconvinced by Weibull; in 1957, Stade opined that in Dahlbergh's

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to try to gather them. When the remaining troops went out on the ice, the snow on the ice melted in such a manner that 2 feet (61 cm) of water covered the ice surface. Although the water reached the top of the horses' legs in some places, the ice held. Only marginal losses occurred when

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moved north and entered Middelfart. At Hindsgavl's Castle, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Middelfart, 450 German mercenaries in Danish service under Major General Hindricksson surrendered. The mercenaries chose to transfer into Swedish service, while the Swedes captured 60 cannons and a

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German regiments disappeared into the water. The ice cracked under the king's hunting sled, and the whole crew, his personal bodyguard and three draft horses fell into the water and drowned. The king, however, had already left his sled and mounted a horse to lead the attack on the shore.

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presentations one could still find "the real and psychic reality" that hides behind the dramatized depiction of how the decision on the ice march was made. Stade's view was expressed in a large research project on Charles X Gustav, conducted by the historical department of the

1244:, and a further escalation could result in a major war involving Austria, Brandenburg, England and France. The peace offer was sent to Wrangel at Nyborg on 4 February with one of Meadows' envoys. Wrangel forwarded him to the king's quarters in Odense, where he arrived that evening. 1618:

In the months following the Treaty of Roskilde, political tension grew on other fronts. Sweden was still at war with Poland-Lithuania, Russia, Austria and Brandenburg, and the king feared an allied attack aimed at tearing up the Roskilde treaty. He decided to prevent such an attack by

852:, 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from Jutland's east coast. On the island, they were surprised by 15 Danish horsemen; four of the Swedes were captured, but one escaped and reported the incident to Wrangel. He immediately sent a unit of 50 horsemen and 150 infantry under Adjutant General 1344:

and thawing. The king contemplated withdrawing the bulk of his army to Jutland and leaving a couple of infantry regiments as an occupying force on Funen, concentrated around Odense. He considered starting negotiations with King Frederick III and appointed Ulfeldt and

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The Swedish cavalry of between 2,000 and 3,000 men marched out on the ice outside of Svendborg, leading their horses by foot, on the night of 6 February. The Kalmar infantry regiment joined the march with 370 men. Charles X Gustav accompanied the

2133:, depicting Charles X Gustav on horseback with Dahlbergh showing the way across the ice-covered Great Belt on foot. After the Treaty of Roskilde, Charles X Gustav struck a medal, created by Johan Georg Breuer, with the inscription in 1971:). They emphasize Carlson's view that the Roskilde treaty "along with the Brömsebro treaty, was the most valuable peace treaty our country has ever fought for, because both of them together gave Sweden, still to this day, its preserved natural borders". 1818:

stated Erik Dahlbergh was "the foremost instigator" behind the king's decision to cross the Belts. Following Geijer, several Danish and Swedish historians made the same assessment of Dahlbergh's role, including Ernst Ericsson, but some, as emphasized by

588:, realized that they were not strong enough to confront Sweden on their own. Denmark tried to gather allies from Poland, Austria, and the Netherlands, and by summer 1657 the situation seemed very advantageous to Denmark. On 5 June 1657, the Danish 1267:, the strait between Funen and Zealand. They captured hundreds of Danish cavalry horses abandoned on the ice by the shoreline. The cavalrymen from three Danish squadrons had left their horses and continued on foot across the Great Belt, probably to 1212:

in Mayor Risbrich's manor on Overgade No. 11 in Odense, but on 1 February the king moved to the monastery of Dalum. The vicar in Dalum, Niels Bang, had his vicarage plundered by Swedish horsemen, who let themselves be accommodated there.

417:. Swedish troops defeated the Danes at Tybrind Vig and Iversnæs and occupied Funen after a few days. To avert the risk that his troops would be isolated on Funen, Charles X Gustav investigated the possibility of crossing the ice of the 757:

The preparation of a detailed plan for the crossing was delegated to Carl Gustaf Wrangel, who would also prepare for possible Danish landing attempts on Jutland. On 9 January 1658, Charles X Gustav held a military conference in

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1650s. In 1908, the 250th anniversary of the Roskilde Treaty was celebrated in Malmö. In 1915, Theodor Lundberg's statue depicting Charles X Gustav accompanied by Erik Dahlbergh was inaugurated on Kungstorget ("King's Square") in

472:. In its historiography, several historians have highlighted the campaign and the resulting peace treaty as the events that gave Sweden its current "natural" borders. Likewise, the events gave rise to a polarised debate over the role of 836:

on Funen, a good distance south of Frederiksodde. Swedish scouts rode out on the ice east of Øsby and spotted Assens, but they made the assessment the ice was still too weak to cross. Another reconnaissance patrol was dispatched from

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wrote a biography of Erik Dahlbergh, stating that "in Dahlbergh's words, the march across the Belts took place; and without it, Sweden would have been a few provinces smaller, and the world would have one less heroic act to admire".

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captured. Swedish losses during the battle were relatively small, apart from Waldeck's and Königsmarck's squadrons, who fell through the ice. The king's gamble succeeded through an operation that took only a few hours to accomplish.

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Carl Gustaf Wrangel, together with Lieutenant General Clas Tott, led the right wing of 1,500 men, while the left wing with 2,300 men was under the king's command. But as the king moved back and forth between the units, Major General

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Charles X Gustav knew that the Swedish army found itself in a vulnerable situation in Jutland and wished to regain the initiative in the war by acting swiftly. On 24 October 1657, a determined Swedish force led by

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during the night between 10 and 11 February 1659, which ended in a Danish victory. An army of troops from Brandenburg, Poland and Austria attacked the Swedish troops in Jutland. The Swedes withdrew to Funen and, after the

405:

being exceptionally frigid, the king planned to take advantage of the weather by remaining in Jutland until sufficient ice had built up to support the weight of his troops, and then carry out a risky march across the ice.

1293:

The Swedish troops were concentrated in Nyborg and Svendborg, the starting points for a continued march across to Zealand and Lolland, respectively. Outside Nyborg, Adjutant General Arensdorff and Lieutenant Colonel

1012:, half-brother of King Frederick III, had little experience as a military commander. The Danes lacked experienced native officers, and the cohesive command link was broken as officers came from the Netherlands, 1176:

significant amount of ammunition and provisions. Farther south, Assens was captured and plundered by a Swedish infantry unit. Dahlbergh was dispatched south with a company of the Östergötland Cavalry Regiment under

1231:

in Paris. News of the march across the Little Belt and the collapse of the Danish defense spread across Europe. On 1 February, news of the loss of Funen reached Copenhagen: according to the English ambassador

928:

More than 40 Swedish regiments were to advance towards Funen. Due to battle casualties and disease, the strength of some regiments had fallen to a few dozen men, while others amounted to 500 men or more. The

2214:

The task of the Fodermarsk was to assist in maintaining good order at the royal court, to be in charge of the royal stable, but also to participate in particular in the placement of the warriors in castle

1279:

There is no doubt that he will do it, should it be feasible. Through his vigilance and celerity , he forestall and surprise his belated enemies, and never for a moment he neglects to exploit an advantage."

989:, where Swedish guardsmen were mixed with several hundred enlisted German soldiers, who filled the ranks of the regiment severely depleted by plague whilst garrisoned in the Polish city of Thorn. 1931:), which in the 1910s, and for many years later, dominated many Swedes' view of history. Grimberg praises Charles X Gustav for his bold actions. Grimberg's and Hugo Uddgren's book 1194:

regiments had taken on 31 January. Berendes had previously surprised four Danish cavalry companies arriving from Langeland in Funen's defense. The Danes retreated after a brief battle.

654:. The king's army numbered about 17,000 men; only 4,000 were Swedes while the majority were foreign mercenaries. By 25 August the Swedish army stood outside the Danish fortress of 646:

Charles X Gustav sought to avoid ending up in a second stalemate, in a protracted war without a decisive opportunity in sight. He marched his army rapidly from Poland through

1318:

led the ice investigations along the Great Belt. He depicted these events in his diary and letters, where he greatly magnified his own efforts. Painting by David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl.

1077:, three to four were ordered to move northward towards Iversnæs, however, they failed to arrive on time. Borneman's vanguard rode to Tybrind Vig, encircled the beach, and tore up 4162: 3651: 1631:

was captured on 6 September. The plan failed when the Netherlands joined the war to aid Denmark, and the united Danish and Dutch fleets defeated the Swedish fleet in the

3832: 1525:

to the Swedish state, Danish renunciation of all anti-Swedish alliances, and Danish provision of troops and warships to serve Charles X Gustav in his broader wars.

721:

and then against the army stationed in Jutland. It was urgent to force Denmark to capitulate to prevent the war from turning against them: hence the Swedes set an assault on

4234: 1635:

on 29 October. Following the victory, the Dutch could deliver supplies to Copenhagen's citizens. The Swedish siege continued, however, and culminated in the decisive

922: 4044: 2015:) which, however, was not a traditional heroic tribute to the campaign. It was not until the 18th century when Swedish lyricists attempted to create a classic epic poem. 1380: 1623:

as early as 5 August 1658, with the aim of vanquishing Denmark as a sovereign state, dividing the country into four governments and seizing the revenues from the

2040: 1827:

whose war policy strove for the unity of and prosperity for the entire Nordic region. Though he rejected calling Charles X Gustav a proponent of a united

1322:

From the Danish side, Dahlbergh carried out careful investigations of the ice. On 2 February, Danish cavalrymen fleeing Funen arrived at the fortified town of

1081:

Danish cavalry regiment. Out on the ice, the king observed Danish reinforcements arriving from Iversnæs and decided to unite his cavalry wing with Wrangel's units.

4011: 3978: 3857: 1979: 1907:, he portrays Dahlbergh as having an influence on the decision-making process that took place on Funen. In the popular science genre, the march was depicted in 381:. The Swedes attacked and conquered Frederiksodde on 27 October. With Jutland secured, Charles X Gustav sought to continue his campaign towards 616:

victory over Denmark would strengthen Sweden's position and hopefully dissuade other powers, mainly Austria, from deeper involvement in the Polish conflict.

2039:) in 1754, in which she depicted the events of Charles X Gustav's reign as a result of a play by supernatural forces. She entered her poem in the 1263:

The conquest of Funen opened interesting opportunities for the Swedish army, as did the conquest of the fortified city of Nyborg, which was the link to the

1708:

and an admirable achievement, since Charles X Gustav and the Swedish army carried out the campaign with relatively few losses. During the age of

709:

unexpectedly assaulted Frederiksodde. The fortress fell, and the entire Danish garrison—involving several of the Danish army's best regiments—surrendered.

820:

Between 22 and 23 January, Charles X Gustav sent orders to his senior officers to investigate the ice around Funen and find a crossing to

529:, Charles X Gustav was unable to bring the war to an end. The Poles resisted the Swedish troops, who were being ambushed constantly by Polish 1883:

between 1965 and 1979. In addition, some researchers continued to see value in Dahlbergh's writings as sources, despite their weaknesses. In the book

1155:

farmers or looting the Danish crown's stashes of collected tax funds. On the evening of 30 January, Major Sylcke and 150 Swedish cavalrymen from

4110: 918: 468:

to Sweden. Bornholm and Trøndelag were returned to Denmark in 1660 after Charles X Gustav's failed attempt to defeat Denmark completely in

2231:, who in the early 1650s fled to Sweden following a power struggle with the Danish Privy council, which had the support of King Frederick III. 2087:. A statue of the king created by Gustaf Malmquist was also planned in Stockholm, and after a lengthy process mainly due to the dissolution of the 1566: 593: 1271:. Other Danish cavalrymen fled southeast across the ice to Langeland, and therefore, information circulated that the ice carried all the way to 4495: 2137:: "Natura hoc debuit uni" ("This aid nature was obliged to give to a single man"). Other medals commemorating the campaign have been struck by 1644:

on 14 November 1659, they were forced to surrender. At the beginning of 1660, Charles X Gustav became seriously ill and died of

525:

trade strengthened. However, the war against Poland was slow. Despite several tactical victories on the battlefield, including the conquest of

4594: 1113:

small hill to monitor the Swedish cavalry attacks, and a few Danes surrounded him, but Dahlbergh quickly gathered support to drive them off.

1433:

rapid march, arrived at Tranekær Castle on Langeland. Wrangel crossed the Great Belt on a more northerly route than the king and arrived at

217: 4589: 1660:, signed on 27 May the same year, Bornholm and Trøndelag were returned to Denmark, while Sweden kept the provinces east of the Sound. 1227:

and Paris. The French ambassador, Hugues Terlon, participated in the campaign, writing a 13-page report in Dalum which he sent to Cardinal

433:

and reached Zealand on 11 February. With Swedish troops standing 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Copenhagen on 15 February, King

1863:), Alf Åberg considered Dahlbergh's stories very unreliable as sources and that he had probably exaggerated his own role in the campaign. 1831:, Fridericia was of the same opinion as Carlson that "it was Erik Dahlbergh whose counsel came to decide the fate of the Nordic nations". 857:

at its widest. Charles X Gustav ordered the occupation of Brandsø with 100 men, later reinforced with an additional 300 men.

832:

to Frederiksodde and that the water was completely open. The army command deliberated about crossing the ice towards the Ærø strait at

4184: 4154: 3639: 698:

also prepared to cease operations before the winter. Both parties seemed to agree the stalemate would persist during the cold months.

1311: 1275:. The king immediately ordered extensive investigations into the bearing capacity of the ice at various locations on the Great Belt. 4260: 3931: 3820: 770: 4238: 377:

and invade Denmark. The king's rapid march surprised the Danish troops, whose main body was forced to retreat to the fortress of

2400: 1009: 1001: 4054: 805:, the strait between Jutland and Funen. Several conference participants reported ice formations along Jutland's east coast, at 409:

After investigating the ice conditions, the king began his march on 30 January 1658 from Jutland across the strait of the

2109:. Recently, Börjeson's statue in Malmö has been a subject of discussion among the city's residents and municipal politicians. 4545: 4523: 4462: 4392: 4362: 4307: 895: 1518: 3988: 934: 421:

to Zealand. On 5 February the ice at southern Funen was deemed sufficiently thick, and the king decided to cross to

4021: 3880: 978: 3690:

Sveriges historia under konungarne af pfalziska huset – Del 1: Sveriges historia under Carl den tionde Gustafs regering

1880: 1843:, who critically examined Dahlbergh's depiction of the Danish wars in his reports, supported Weibull. In his 1958 book 938: 502: 370: 4076: 1215:

From the monastery, Charles X Gustav sent letters with the news of the successful conquest of Funen to Duke

4436: 4414: 4336: 1413:

Nakskov. A Swedish trumpeter was sent to Nakskov and called on the Danish garrison of 150 men, including 75 men from

1216: 1704:

The march across the Belts, including the resulting Roskilde Treaty, has long been viewed as a success story in the

1086: 1620: 1613: 933:

Corps, the king's elite guards, marched at the head of the cavalry. The cavalry consisted of the Småland, Uppland,

510: 469: 2469: 1372: 3874: 2228: 1792:

good. Fryxell gave his response in 1855, comparing Charles X Gustav's attack on Denmark in 1658 with

1735:

The first historian to portray the campaign and Charles X Gustav's actions was the historical writer

1349: 950: 710: 625: 351: 30: 3853: 2016: 1013: 974: 2059:. Neither Nordenflycht's nor Gyllenborg's work was successful with the public. Arnold Munthe wrote the play 561: 4584: 4564: 4188: 1636: 1078: 970: 4120: 3828: 3647: 1657: 766: 4569: 2130: 1233: 190: 2052: 1394: 1117:

crushed between the two Swedish wings. He rode up to Wrangel, whom he knew from before, and demanded

4475: 2497: 1130:

Vig. Several peasants were cut down before most of them surrendered to the superior Swedish forces.

1053: 4574: 2048: 1356: 1109: 853: 585: 434: 340:. It lasted between 30 January and 15 February 1658, ending with a decisive victory for 4579: 2088: 1345: 1138: 954: 848:

On the morning of 26 January, a Swedish patrol of five men crossed the ice to the island of

921:

held the direct command of the left wing. The infantry, under the command of Lieutenant General

440:

Charles X Gustav's gamble ended with a catastrophic defeat for Denmark. The resulting

3939: 2064: 1589: 1295: 867: 725:

as their main objective. But to get there, they needed to find a way across to the island of

659: 473: 2095:

on 6 June 1917. Malmquist's statue received aesthetic criticism from August Brunius in

2078:

depicting Charles X Gustav was erected on Stortorget ("Main Square") in the city.

4192: 2392: 2122: 1803: 1736: 1709: 1530: 1486: 1459:

the Danes. On 12 February, the entire Swedish army broke camp at Vålse and marched to

1172: 663: 554: 506: 4115: 2126: 2102: 958: 906: 357:

On 5 June 1657, Denmark declared war on Sweden which was under heavy pressure in the

8: 3943: 2117: 1632: 1065: 1017: 706: 542: 488: 358: 202: 47: 3693: 2396: 509:

to renounce all claims to the Swedish crown, as well as conquer the Polish provinces of

2485: 2202: 2198: 2074:

Concurrently with the Nordic industrial and handicraft exhibition in Malmö in 1896, an

1815: 1760: 1581: 1550: 1502: 1490: 1476: 1401: 966: 930: 441: 344: 230: 212: 168: 163: 98: 79: 4538:

When Scania became Swedish: two wars, two peace treaties, snapphanes and Swedification

4541: 4519: 4487: 4458: 4432: 4410: 4388: 4358: 4332: 4303: 4084: 3870: 3866: 3600: 3593:

Berättelser ur svenska historien – Del 12, Konung Karl den tionde Gustaf, Afdelning 2

2380: 2138: 2097: 2075: 1992: 1984: 1720: 1705: 1481: 1352: 1220: 1021: 774: 718: 546: 534: 366: 329: 4264: 2043:' first prize competition, though she did not win an award. The academy's secretary 773:. During the conference, most of its participants agreed the Swedes would conduct a 2465: 2194: 1641: 1571: 1156: 986: 982: 902: 598: 514: 498: 494: 369:. Although Charles X Gustav was deeply involved in the conflict with the 347: 321: 2079: 1724: 1592:

landed on Bornholm with 100 men and four cannons, and on 10 May, the city of

1348:

Sten Nilsson Bielke as his delegates to deliberate with their Danish counterpart,

997: 560:

In 1657, Denmark was ready to attack Sweden, seeing an opportunity to tear up the

444:, signed on 26 February 1658, was highly favorable for Sweden. Denmark ceded 237: 38: 2224: 2190: 2142: 1653: 1522: 1256: 1208: 962: 833: 828:. On 24 January, Wrangel reported he rode on horseback along the coast from 806: 550: 221: 2121:

Lemke's paintings are displayed in the gallery of Charles X Gustav in

1652:. This changed the political scene, and on 23 April 1660 Sweden signed the 1561:

with 500 men into Blekinge on 13 March; by 15 March they had captured

3588: 2160:

is named after the campaign; similarly named streets also exist in Gothenburg,

2153: 2044: 1788: 1601: 1585: 1542: 1434: 1398:

miscellaneous units got lost during the night and disappeared through the ice.

1315: 1219:, Philip Florinus of Sulzbach, and Mathias Biörenclou, the Swedish minister in 1101: 870: 763: 742: 729:. The Danish troops on the island understood an invasion attempt was imminent. 538: 518: 476: 437:

chose to make an unconditional peace with Sweden, ending the Swedish campaign.

398: 390: 333: 156: 91: 1716: 4558: 4491: 4316: 3797: 2201:, the campaign lasted from 9 February to 25 February 1658, and the 2092: 1908: 1904: 1414: 1285: 1228: 703: 655: 639: 378: 4217:

fo̊rtekning på de, öfwer inhemske enskilte personer, präglade minnes-märcken

1545:

and the Scanian clergy. On 9 March, Charles X Gustav entered

1418: 1029:

conscripted peasants. Løwenklau established his headquarters in Wedellsborg

786: 577: 4471: 4088: 2113: 1840: 1824: 1820: 1577: 1562: 1422: 1118: 1093: 1025: 838: 713: 687: 635: 612: 4534:

När Skåne blev svenskt: två krig, två freder, snapphanar och försvenskning

4380: 2193:, which was used in Sweden until the year 1700 when it was changed to the 2157: 1807:

Equestrian statue by Theodor Lundberg on Kungstorget ("King's Square") in

1534: 1514: 1332: 1008:

Disorder and shortcomings arose among the Danish troops. Their commander,

841:

towards Ærø, but they established the strait was open and was filled with

465: 132: 4016: 3983: 2068: 1836: 1828: 1793: 1554: 1538: 1460: 1455: 1328: 1178: 1143: 1059: 957:

under the command of Colonel Gustaf Kurck. The infantry consisted of the

946: 802: 695: 679: 630: 564:

signed in 1645, when they were forced to cede to Sweden the provinces of

410: 402: 394: 71: 1553:

from the Scanian nobles, priests, burghers, and peasants. Field Marshal

1541:

in Frederick III's royal ship, where he was received by Archbishop

1443: 671: 573: 457: 124: 4454: 1649: 1624: 1264: 1252: 1147: 1126: 1073:

Danish cavalry companies guarding Funen's coastline from Middelfart to

874: 790: 722: 619: 592:

Christian Wiborg handed over the formal declaration of war to Governor

522: 418: 397:

obstructed him. Since the 17th century was the coldest during the

382: 289: 75: 2459: 2161: 1533:

as Frederick III's personal guest, Charles X Gustav went to

1304: 942: 849: 533:

units. Poland's neighbors threatened to get involved in the war. Both

4425:

Sveriges fältmarskalkar: svenska fältherrar från Vasa till Bernadotte

4384: 4328: 4049: 3805: 3596: 2084: 1808: 1645: 1593: 1389: 1237: 1224: 1187: 1074: 1030: 842: 825: 814: 810: 691: 647: 530: 422: 4540:] (in Swedish), Stockholm: Svenskt militärhistoriskt bibliotek, 3905: 3766: 1299: 1268: 798: 762:

with his senior officers and civilian officials, including Wrangel,

197: 185: 151: 4429:

Sweden's field marshals: Swedish commanders from Vasa to Bernadotte

4354: 2165: 1628: 1510: 1506: 1498: 1241: 1047: 821: 785:

Tönnes Specht. By mid-December 1657, the squadron had assembled in

604: 569: 461: 449: 128: 116: 1728: 1546: 794: 608: 4220: 2106: 1797: 1426: 1323: 1272: 1191: 1183: 1046:

On the morning of 30 January, the Danes located the Swedish

862: 829: 746: 651: 607:, which later reached Charles X Gustav's field camp in 581: 565: 453: 430: 426: 386: 374: 337: 279: 120: 1501:, and on 26 February, the final peace treaty was signed in 1464: 1451: 1447: 1558: 1164: 1160: 778: 750: 667: 526: 445: 362: 341: 112: 737: 683: 3852: 3509: 3386: 3199: 3197: 2134: 1597: 726: 414: 267: 3671: 3669: 3362: 2047:

was accused of deliberately withholding the poem from Queen

1529:

sent home to their farms. On 5 March, after staying in

4299: 3425: 3374: 2644: 2642: 2591: 2567: 1811:

depicting Charles X Gustav with Erik Dahlbergh by his side.

759: 732: 3729: 3727: 3497: 3485: 3473: 3461: 3449: 3403: 3401: 3326: 3292: 3290: 3275: 3214: 3212: 3194: 2999: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2343: 2341: 2287: 2285: 2283: 1247: 873:

was dispatched to test the ice on the narrowest strait at

584:

for a 30-year period. But the Danish command, led by King

3958: 3912: 3778: 3739: 3700: 3666: 3569: 3557: 3241: 3239: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2931: 2929: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2129:

made a painting unveiled in 1912 in the stairwell of the

1171:

After reaching Funen, another Swedish unit under Colonel

3533: 3413: 3350: 3314: 3302: 3224: 3182: 3170: 3158: 3110: 3071: 3059: 3023: 2987: 2914: 2861: 2849: 2825: 2813: 2738: 2702: 2690: 2678: 2654: 2639: 2112:

The campaign has been depicted both in paintings and in

2105:

suggesting the statue should have been melted down into

678:("The Krabbe feud", named after Danish military officer 4377:

Battle between brothers: Denmark against Sweden 1657-60

4134: 3756: 3754: 3724: 3437: 3398: 3287: 3263: 3209: 3146: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2767: 2750: 2726: 2666: 2627: 2615: 2338: 2280: 2091:, an equestrian statue was inaugurated in front of the 1656:

with Poland-Lithuania, Austria and Brandenburg. By the

541:

sent military aid to Poland, and Sweden's former ally,

479:

in the king's decision to march across the Great Belt.

44:

Charles X Gustav after the battle of Iversnæs

4152: 4042: 3818: 3251: 3236: 3122: 3088: 3086: 3047: 2958: 2926: 2873: 2801: 2784: 2714: 2603: 2579: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2528: 2504: 2439: 2427: 2415: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2263: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 1223:. They spread the message to England's ambassadors in 1041: 777:

on Funen, with a small squadron of five warships from

521:

would be expanded, while the control of the lucrative

3796: 3712: 3619: 3607: 2326: 1727:

of Charles X Gustav on Stortorget ("Main Square") in

3751: 3545: 3521: 3338: 3134: 3098: 3035: 2975: 2941: 2902: 2890: 2837: 2516: 1974: 1604:

and the future Swedish governor, Claes Stiernsköld.

620:

Campaign in Jutland and the assault on Frederiksodde

3083: 3011: 2540: 2353: 2314: 2297: 2244: 2063:, which was staged on 12 February 1920 at the 1995:depicted both the war and the campaign in his work 941:. From Finland came Fabian Berendes' dragoons from 4009: 4012:"Statyn visar att Malmö inte ältar det förgångna" 4556: 1284:Hugues Terlon, From Terlon's letter to cardinal 3637: 2189:The dates in this article are according to the 1951:), depicts the campaign in the chapter titled " 1125:Charles X Gustav now established his 1036: 1367: 545:, changed sides during the conflict. In 1656, 3979:"Kommunalrådet tydlig: Kungastatyn blir kvar" 3976: 1463:. The following day Swedish units moved into 4518:] (in Swedish), Lund: Historiska media, 4431:] (in Swedish), Lund: Historiska media, 4409:] (in Swedish), Lund: Historiska media, 4161:. National Archives of Sweden. p. 523. 3895: 3893: 1201: 3825:Samlade skrifter – Del 1, Poetiska skrifter 2024: 2000: 1956: 1936: 1916: 1888: 1848: 1772: 1744: 1673: 373:, he chose to move the bulk of his army to 4480:Scandia: Tidskrift för Historisk Forskning 4185:"Stenhallen – Trapphusets historiemålning" 4111:"Slutet kan vara nära för omtvistad staty" 4045:"Maka på dig Tjocke Karl, nu är det fest!" 2185: 2183: 2181: 2101:("The Swedish Daily News"), with novelist 1607: 789:and seized several transport vessels from 4370: 4043:Perlenberg, Csaba Bene (11 August 2017). 3890: 3368: 3269: 2347: 2291: 2051:and the members of the academy. In 1785, 1926:The Wonderful Fates of the Swedish people 4444: 4422: 4373:Broderstrid: Danmark mod Sverige 1657-60 4344: 3899: 3859:Skrifter – Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht 3819:Nordström, Johan; Olsson, Bernt (1976), 3443: 3407: 3380: 3296: 3218: 3152: 2778: 2761: 2732: 2672: 2621: 2597: 2573: 2381:"The reform of the Julian calendar (II)" 2274: 1978: 1802: 1715: 1588:. At the end of April, Governor-General 1480: 1400: 1371: 1360:in the southern part of the Great Belt. 1310: 1303:ice could carry them all the way out to 1251: 1182:Claes Niethoff. They spent the night in 1137: 1108:During the battle, Danish Major General 1092: 1052: 996: 771:Margrave Charles Magnus of Baden-Durlach 736: 733:Ice investigations along the Little Belt 629: 4470: 4457:: Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek, 4400: 4315: 4140: 4010:Hanssen, Christian (18 December 2017). 3772: 3733: 3718: 3687: 3675: 3625: 3587: 3503: 3491: 3479: 3467: 3455: 3431: 3332: 3281: 3257: 3203: 3128: 3053: 3005: 2969: 2952: 2935: 2884: 2807: 2795: 2720: 2510: 2457: 2332: 2218: 2178: 1248:Ice investigations along the Great Belt 666:fought the Danish troops garrisoned in 222: 4557: 2378: 1517:, and its claims to Halland under the 1217:Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp 1133: 4531: 4509: 4289: 3964: 3918: 3784: 3760: 3745: 3706: 3613: 3575: 3563: 3551: 3539: 3527: 3515: 3419: 3392: 3356: 3344: 3320: 3308: 3245: 3230: 3188: 3176: 3164: 3140: 3116: 3104: 3092: 3077: 3065: 3041: 3029: 3017: 2993: 2981: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2867: 2855: 2843: 2831: 2819: 2744: 2708: 2696: 2684: 2660: 2648: 2633: 2609: 2585: 2561: 2549: 2534: 2522: 2445: 2433: 2421: 2403:from the original on 10 December 2019 2366: 2320: 2308: 2257: 1966:A feat without equal in world history 1497:The final negotiations took place in 1470: 4595:Military campaigns involving Denmark 4498:from the original on 6 February 2015 4165:from the original on 1 February 2021 3835:from the original on 1 February 2021 3654:from the original on 1 February 2021 1953:En bragd utan like i världshistorien 1521:. Further conditions included heavy 1493:. Painting (1658) by Erik Dahlbergh. 682:). After the inconclusive battle at 4590:Military campaigns involving Sweden 4263:. SvenskaPlatser.se. Archived from 4237:. Digitaltmuseum.se. Archived from 3688:Carlson, Fredrik Ferdinand (1883), 1991:After the campaign had ended, poet 1596:was transferred to the governor of 1298:investigated the ice conditions to 1042:Battles at Tybrind Vig and Iversnæs 549:troops had crossed the border into 13: 4478:[March Across the Belts], 3902:Svenska poesiens historia: Volym 2 2472:from the original on 5 August 2020 2156:Street) in the Stockholm district 1881:Swedish Armed Forces Staff College 1408:. Painting by Johann Philip Lemke. 1339:The king arrived in Nyborg at 2:00 1336:with Wrangel and Corfitz Ulfeldt. 880: 674:and Jämtland during the so-called 14: 4606: 3977:Rosén, Robert (29 January 2020). 1975:Memorials and cultural references 1794:Russia's attack on Sweden in 1808 1327:Finnish cavalrymen under Colonel 4253: 4227: 4207: 4177: 4146: 4103: 4077:"Staty av Karl X Gustav flyttas" 4069: 4036: 4003: 3970: 3924: 3908:: Nils Magnus Lindh, p. 643 3869:and Atlantis, pp. 239–250, 3846: 3812: 3790: 3681: 3631: 3581: 2205:was signed on 8 March 1658. 1769:Berättelser ur Svenska historien 1741:De rebus a Carolo Gustavo gestis 1406:March across the Great Belt 1658 894: 236: 229: 211: 196: 184: 162: 150: 37: 4153:Malmborg, Boo von (1977–1979). 2451: 2372: 2208: 1142:Map of the campaign across the 1062:and the Battle of Ivesnaes 1658 985:. They were spearheaded by the 885: 686:during the autumn of 1657, the 4282: 4235:"Tåget över Bält i Armémuseum" 4119:, 25 June 2008, archived from 4087:. 8 April 2010. Archived from 3900:Lénström, Carl Julius (1840), 3854:Nordenflycht, Hedvig Charlotta 1913:Svenska folkets underbara öden 992: 939:Östergötland cavalry regiments 503:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 371:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1: 4401:Isacson, Claes-Göran (2002), 4296:Charles X Gustav: a biography 4214:Berch, Carl Reinhold (1773), 2238: 2017:Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht 1754:The feats of Charles X Gustav 1190:, which Berendes and his two 642:on 24 October 1657. 482: 435:Frederick III of Denmark 307:Two cavalry squadrons drowned 62:30 January – 15 February 1658 4516:1658: March Across the Belts 4510:Wolke, Lars Ericson (2008), 4407:The wars of Charles X Gustav 4155:"Johann (Hans) Philip Lemke" 3856:; Stålmarck, Torkel (1996), 3808:: Norstedt, pp. 107–112 3775:, pp. 556–560, 565–566. 1782:Stories from Swedish history 1699: 1614:Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660) 1259:(1653) by Sébastien Bourdon. 1037:March across the Little Belt 797:that were carrying grain to 7: 4351:The lion wakes up 1611–1660 4261:"Sökresultat för Bältgatan" 3936:Dramatens arkiv – Rollboken 3829:Svenska Vitterhetssamfundet 3648:National Archives of Sweden 1987:commemorating the campaign. 1796:, which led to the loss of 1683:1658: March Across the Belt 1663: 1368:March across the Great Belt 1159:cavalry regiment rode into 767:Philip Florinus of Sulzbach 336:across the ice between the 31:Dano–Swedish War of 1657–58 10: 4611: 4292:Karl X Gustav: en biografi 4223:: Johan Edman, p. 151 2010:The Astropoeticus Argument 1858:When Scania became Swedish 1611: 1519:Second Treaty of Brömsebro 1474: 1010:Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve 1002:Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve 923:Jakob Kasimir De la Gardie 824:, and onward to Funen and 690:returned to their base in 626:Dano-Swedish War (1657–58) 623: 495:Charles X Gustav 486: 348:Charles X Gustav 218:Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve 191:Charles X Gustav 4371:Hillingsø, Kjeld (2018), 2458:Westrin, Theodor (1908). 2053:Gustaf Fredrik Gyllenborg 2034:The march across the Belt 1946:Feats of Swedish warriors 1202:Aftermath and peace offer 1100:. Chalcography (1658) by 717:from Brandenburg against 507:John II Casimir Vasa 299: 244: 174: 143: 54: 36: 28: 23: 16:Swedish military campaign 4347:Lejonet vaknar 1611–1660 3800:; Uddgren, Hugo (1914), 3638:Ericsson, Ernst (1931). 3518:, pp. 182, 187–190. 3395:, pp. 149, 173–175. 2171: 2041:Royal Academy of Letters 1621:declaring war on Denmark 854:Friedrich von Arensdorff 235:Jens von Løwenklau 4447:Sveriges krig 1630–1814 4423:Rosander, Lars (2003), 2379:Lamont, Roscoe (1920). 2089:Swedish-Norwegian union 1997:Discursus Astropoeticus 1648:on 13 February in 1608:Second Dano-Swedish war 1549:, where he received an 1513:, Bohuslän, Scania and 955:Turku and Pori Province 425:. He continued through 251:Across the Little Belt: 4451:Swedish wars 1630–1814 4445:Sundberg, Ulf (2010), 4345:Gullberg, Tom (2008), 2065:Royal Dramatic Theatre 1988: 1876: 1845:När Skåne blev svenskt 1812: 1732: 1580:entered Bohuslän from 1494: 1454:to Zealand, capturing 1409: 1384: 1381:Carl Andreas Dahlström 1319: 1291: 1288:dated 2 February 1658. 1260: 1151: 1105: 1069: 1005: 754: 643: 401:, with the winters in 318:March Across the Belts 257:Across the Great Belt: 175:Commanders and leaders 24:March Across the Belts 4512:1658: tåget över Bält 4290:Asker, Björn (2010), 3802:Svenska krigarbragder 1982: 1933:Svenska krigarbragder 1865: 1806: 1719: 1670:1658: tåget över bält 1637:assault on Copenhagen 1612:Further information: 1537:and sailed across to 1484: 1475:Further information: 1404: 1393:king to dispatch his 1375: 1314: 1296:Georg Henrik Lybecker 1277: 1255: 1141: 1096: 1064:. Painting (1693) by 1056: 1000: 868:quartermaster general 740: 660:Per Brahe the Younger 633: 624:Further information: 611:on 20 June. The 487:Further information: 474:quartermaster general 300:Casualties and losses 4453:] (in Swedish), 4353:] (in Swedish), 4327:] (in Swedish), 4302:: Historiska media, 4298:] (in Swedish), 3831:, pp. 622–623, 3434:, pp. 123, 178. 2468:. pp. 694–695. 2229:steward of the Realm 2123:Drottningholm Palace 1737:Samuel von Pufendorf 1710:romantic nationalism 1658:Treaty of Copenhagen 1565:. On 18 March, 1531:Frederiksborg Castle 1487:Frederiksborg Castle 1350:Steward of the Realm 1173:Rutger von Ascheberg 711:Marshal of the Realm 694:for the winter. The 670:and Halland, and in 664:Gustaf Otto Stenbock 4585:Invasions by Sweden 4565:Second Northern War 4532:Åberg, Alf (2013), 4403:Karl X Gustavs krig 4379:] (in Danish), 4321:Den oövervinnerlige 4024:on 22 December 2017 3967:, pp. 207–209. 3921:, pp. 203–205. 3787:, pp. 202–203. 3748:, pp. 200–202. 3709:, pp. 199–200. 3578:, pp. 198–199. 3566:, pp. 196–198. 3542:, pp. 192–193. 3506:, pp. 264–270. 3494:, pp. 233–254. 3482:, pp. 216–232. 3470:, pp. 208–215. 3458:, pp. 186–203. 3422:, pp. 177–181. 3383:, pp. 214–215. 3371:, pp. 101–102. 3359:, pp. 146–148. 3335:, pp. 171–172. 3323:, pp. 232–233. 3311:, pp. 145–146. 3284:, pp. 168–170. 3233:, pp. 142–144. 3206:, pp. 167–168. 3191:, pp. 142–143. 3179:, pp. 140–142. 3167:, pp. 138–140. 3119:, pp. 134–138. 3080:, pp. 127–128. 3068:, pp. 130–132. 3032:, pp. 128–130. 3008:, pp. 162–163. 2996:, pp. 124–125. 2923:, pp. 123–124. 2870:, pp. 121–122. 2858:, pp. 119–121. 2834:, pp. 117–118. 2822:, pp. 119–120. 2747:, pp. 115–116. 2711:, pp. 114–115. 2699:, pp. 113–114. 2687:, pp. 112–113. 2663:, pp. 109–111. 2651:, pp. 101–108. 2600:, pp. 203–206. 2576:, pp. 199–200. 2397:1920PA.....28...18L 2197:. According to the 2118:Johann Philip Lemke 2055:published the poem 1885:Den oövervinnerlige 1767:In his book series 1633:Battle of the Sound 1590:Johan Printzensköld 1446:and the islands of 1134:Occupation of Funen 1079:Hannibal Sehested's 1066:Johann Philip Lemke 953:, and cavalry from 707:Carl Gustaf Wrangel 562:Treaty of Brömsebro 543:Brandenburg-Prussia 489:Second Northern War 359:Second Northern War 203:Carl Gustaf Wrangel 48:Johann Philip Lemke 4267:on 4 November 2019 4241:on 4 November 2019 4123:on 1 February 2020 3991:on 30 January 2020 3932:"Tåget öfver Bält" 3886:on 29 October 2019 3696:, pp. 446–447 3640:"Erik J Dahlbergh" 3603:, pp. 130–141 2636:, pp. 94–100. 2203:Treaty of Roskilde 2199:Gregorian calendar 1989: 1816:Erik Gustaf Geijer 1813: 1761:Carl Gustaf Nordin 1733: 1576:and Major General 1551:oath of allegiance 1503:Roskilde Cathedral 1495: 1491:Treaty of Roskilde 1477:Treaty of Roskilde 1471:Treaty of Roskilde 1438:11 February. 1410: 1385: 1320: 1261: 1152: 1106: 1098:Battle of Iversnæs 1070: 1006: 755: 644: 638:of the assault on 586:Frederick III 442:Treaty of Roskilde 99:Treaty of Roskilde 4570:Conflicts in 1658 4547:978-91-86837-43-3 4525:978-91-85873-03-6 4476:"Tåget över bält" 4464:978-91-85789-63-4 4394:978-87-02-08800-7 4364:978-951-50-1822-9 4309:978-91-86297-09-1 4195:on 4 October 2019 4116:Skånska Dagbladet 4085:Sveriges Radio P1 4057:on 12 August 2017 3867:Svenska Akademien 3821:"Tåget över Bält" 3678:, pp. 28–35. 3601:Lars Johan Hierta 3248:, pp. 13–14. 2612:, pp. 88–93. 2588:, pp. 80–87. 2564:, pp. 73–79. 2537:, pp. 49–50. 2448:, pp. 43–45. 2436:, pp. 35–38. 2424:, pp. 31–32. 2385:Popular Astronomy 2139:Pieter van Abeele 2131:House of Nobility 2127:Gustaf Cederström 2103:Hjalmar Söderberg 2098:Svenska Dagbladet 2076:equestrian statue 1993:Georg Stiernhielm 1985:Pieter van Abeele 1721:Equestrian statue 1706:history of Sweden 1442:and moved across 1353:Joachim Gersdorff 1221:Frankfurt am Main 1058:March Across the 983:Uppland regiments 907:Sébastien Bourdon 775:landing operation 719:Swedish Pomerania 330:military campaign 314: 313: 139: 138: 135:annexed by Sweden 4602: 4550: 4528: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4467: 4441: 4419: 4397: 4367: 4341: 4312: 4277: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4191:. Archived from 4181: 4175: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4091:on 17 April 2023 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4053:. Archived from 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4020:. Archived from 4007: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3987:. Archived from 3974: 3968: 3962: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3951: 3942:. Archived from 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3909: 3897: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3879:, archived from 3864: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3731: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3396: 3390: 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3207: 3201: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2956: 2950: 2939: 2933: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2906: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2782: 2776: 2765: 2759: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2495: 2491: 2489: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2466:Project Runeberg 2455: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2376: 2370: 2364: 2351: 2345: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2295: 2289: 2278: 2272: 2261: 2255: 2232: 2222: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2195:Swedish calendar 2187: 2061:Tåget öfver Bält 2057:Tåget öfver Bält 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2021:Tåget öfver Bält 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1983:Medal struck by 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1874: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1642:battle of Nyborg 1575: 1377:Tåget öfver Bält 1342: 1289: 949:'s cavalry from 903:Charles X Gustav 898: 602: 352:first Danish war 254:6,000–12,000 men 240: 234: 233: 224: 216: 215: 201: 200: 189: 188: 167: 166: 155: 154: 56: 55: 41: 21: 20: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4599: 4575:1658 in Denmark 4555: 4554: 4553: 4548: 4526: 4501: 4499: 4465: 4439: 4417: 4395: 4365: 4339: 4310: 4285: 4280: 4270: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4244: 4242: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4213: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4183: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4166: 4151: 4147: 4139: 4135: 4126: 4124: 4109: 4108: 4104: 4094: 4092: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4041: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4008: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3975: 3971: 3963: 3959: 3949: 3947: 3946:on 20 June 2016 3930: 3929: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3898: 3891: 3883: 3877: 3862: 3851: 3847: 3838: 3836: 3817: 3813: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3759: 3752: 3744: 3740: 3736:, pp. 1–6. 3732: 3725: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3701: 3686: 3682: 3674: 3667: 3657: 3655: 3650:. p. 615. 3636: 3632: 3624: 3620: 3612: 3608: 3589:Fryxell, Anders 3586: 3582: 3574: 3570: 3562: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3538: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3490: 3486: 3478: 3474: 3466: 3462: 3454: 3450: 3442: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3406: 3399: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3295: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3244: 3237: 3229: 3225: 3217: 3210: 3202: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3103: 3099: 3091: 3084: 3076: 3072: 3064: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3012: 3004: 3000: 2992: 2988: 2980: 2976: 2968: 2959: 2951: 2942: 2934: 2927: 2919: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2895: 2891: 2883: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2830: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2806: 2802: 2794: 2785: 2777: 2768: 2760: 2751: 2743: 2739: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2707: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2671: 2667: 2659: 2655: 2647: 2640: 2632: 2628: 2620: 2616: 2608: 2604: 2596: 2592: 2584: 2580: 2572: 2568: 2560: 2556: 2548: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2509: 2505: 2493: 2492: 2483: 2482: 2475: 2473: 2456: 2452: 2444: 2440: 2432: 2428: 2420: 2416: 2406: 2404: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2354: 2346: 2339: 2331: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2307: 2298: 2290: 2281: 2273: 2264: 2256: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2235: 2227:was the former 2225:Corfitz Ulfeldt 2223: 2219: 2213: 2209: 2191:Julian calendar 2188: 2179: 2174: 2143:Arvid Karlsteen 2107:emergency coins 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2019:wrote the poem 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 1977: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1903:) from 2000 by 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1875: 1872: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1702: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1666: 1654:Treaty of Oliva 1616: 1610: 1569: 1523:war reparations 1485:Celebration in 1479: 1473: 1370: 1340: 1290: 1283: 1257:Corfitz Ulfeldt 1250: 1209:Corfitz Ulfeldt 1204: 1136: 1044: 1039: 1033:near Iversnæs. 995: 919:Fabian Berendes 914: 913: 912: 911: 910: 905:(1652–1653) by 899: 888: 883: 881:Order of battle 735: 628: 622: 596: 551:Swedish Livonia 539:the Netherlands 491: 485: 326:Tåget över Bält 306: 294: 286: 284: 276: 274: 272: 261: 259: 255: 253: 228: 227: 210: 207: 195: 183: 161: 149: 108: 82: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4608: 4598: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4580:1658 in Sweden 4577: 4572: 4567: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4529: 4524: 4507: 4482:(in Swedish), 4468: 4463: 4442: 4437: 4420: 4415: 4398: 4393: 4368: 4363: 4342: 4337: 4325:The Invincible 4317:Englund, Peter 4313: 4308: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4278: 4252: 4226: 4206: 4189:Riddarhuset.se 4176: 4145: 4143:, p. 549. 4133: 4102: 4068: 4035: 4002: 3969: 3957: 3923: 3911: 3889: 3875: 3845: 3811: 3798:Grimberg, Carl 3789: 3777: 3765: 3750: 3738: 3723: 3711: 3699: 3680: 3665: 3630: 3618: 3616:, p. 199. 3606: 3580: 3568: 3556: 3554:, p. 193. 3544: 3532: 3530:, p. 191. 3520: 3508: 3496: 3484: 3472: 3460: 3448: 3446:, p. 219. 3436: 3424: 3412: 3410:, p. 216. 3397: 3385: 3373: 3369:Hillingsø 2018 3361: 3349: 3347:, p. 146. 3337: 3325: 3313: 3301: 3299:, p. 162. 3286: 3274: 3270:Hillingsø 2018 3262: 3260:, p. 562. 3250: 3235: 3223: 3221:, p. 213. 3208: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3155:, p. 236. 3145: 3143:, p. 139. 3133: 3131:, p. 165. 3121: 3109: 3107:, p. 135. 3097: 3082: 3070: 3058: 3056:, p. 163. 3046: 3044:, p. 229. 3034: 3022: 3010: 2998: 2986: 2984:, p. 124. 2974: 2972:, p. 554. 2957: 2940: 2938:, p. 162. 2925: 2913: 2911:, p. 123. 2901: 2899:, p. 122. 2889: 2887:, p. 161. 2872: 2860: 2848: 2846:, p. 119. 2836: 2824: 2812: 2810:, p. 159. 2800: 2798:, p. 552. 2783: 2781:, p. 234. 2766: 2764:, p. 211. 2749: 2737: 2735:, p. 233. 2725: 2723:, p. 157. 2713: 2701: 2689: 2677: 2675:, p. 203. 2665: 2653: 2638: 2626: 2624:, p. 207. 2614: 2602: 2590: 2578: 2566: 2554: 2539: 2527: 2525:, p. 212. 2515: 2513:, p. 106. 2503: 2450: 2438: 2426: 2414: 2371: 2369:, p. 228. 2352: 2350:, p. 101. 2348:Hillingsø 2018 2337: 2335:, p. 170. 2325: 2323:, p. 125. 2313: 2311:, p. 118. 2296: 2294:, p. 100. 2292:Hillingsø 2018 2279: 2277:, p. 160. 2262: 2260:, p. 227. 2242: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2217: 2207: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2045:Olof von Dalin 1976: 1973: 1898:The Invincible 1870: 1789:Anders Fryxell 1701: 1698: 1665: 1662: 1609: 1606: 1602:Lorentz Creutz 1586:Bohus Fortress 1543:Peder Winstrup 1472: 1469: 1435:Halsted Priory 1369: 1366: 1357:council member 1346:council member 1316:Erik Dahlbergh 1281: 1249: 1246: 1234:Philip Meadows 1203: 1200: 1135: 1132: 1102:Erik Dahlbergh 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 994: 991: 971:Närke-Värmland 900: 893: 892: 891: 890: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 871:Erik Dahlbergh 764:count palatine 743:Danish Islands 734: 731: 621: 618: 519:Swedish empire 505:to force King 493:In 1655, King 484: 481: 477:Erik Dahlbergh 399:Little Ice Age 391:Danish straits 338:Danish islands 334:Swedish Empire 312: 311: 308: 302: 301: 297: 296: 263: 247: 246: 242: 241: 208: 206: 205: 193: 180: 177: 176: 172: 171: 169:Denmark–Norway 159: 157:Swedish Empire 146: 145: 141: 140: 137: 136: 110: 104: 103: 102: 101: 88: 84: 83: 80:Denmark–Norway 70: 68: 64: 63: 60: 52: 51: 34: 33: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4607: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4549: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4527: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4508: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4472:Weibull, Curt 4469: 4466: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4440: 4438:91-89442-05-9 4434: 4430: 4426: 4421: 4418: 4416:91-89442-57-1 4412: 4408: 4404: 4399: 4396: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4369: 4366: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4343: 4340: 4338:91-7486-999-X 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4287: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4210: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4180: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4149: 4142: 4137: 4122: 4118: 4117: 4112: 4106: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4056: 4052: 4051: 4046: 4039: 4023: 4019: 4018: 4013: 4006: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3961: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3920: 3915: 3907: 3903: 3896: 3894: 3882: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3865:, Stockholm: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3849: 3834: 3830: 3827:, Stockholm: 3826: 3822: 3815: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3786: 3781: 3774: 3769: 3763:, p. 38. 3762: 3757: 3755: 3747: 3742: 3735: 3730: 3728: 3720: 3715: 3708: 3703: 3695: 3692:, Stockholm: 3691: 3684: 3677: 3672: 3670: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3634: 3627: 3622: 3615: 3610: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3584: 3577: 3572: 3565: 3560: 3553: 3548: 3541: 3536: 3529: 3524: 3517: 3512: 3505: 3500: 3493: 3488: 3481: 3476: 3469: 3464: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3444:Gullberg 2008 3440: 3433: 3428: 3421: 3416: 3409: 3408:Gullberg 2008 3404: 3402: 3394: 3389: 3382: 3381:Gullberg 2008 3377: 3370: 3365: 3358: 3353: 3346: 3341: 3334: 3329: 3322: 3317: 3310: 3305: 3298: 3297:Sundberg 2010 3293: 3291: 3283: 3278: 3272:, p. 99. 3271: 3266: 3259: 3254: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3232: 3227: 3220: 3219:Gullberg 2008 3215: 3213: 3205: 3200: 3198: 3190: 3185: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3161: 3154: 3153:Rosander 2003 3149: 3142: 3137: 3130: 3125: 3118: 3113: 3106: 3101: 3095:, p. 36. 3094: 3089: 3087: 3079: 3074: 3067: 3062: 3055: 3050: 3043: 3038: 3031: 3026: 3020:, p. 55. 3019: 3014: 3007: 3002: 2995: 2990: 2983: 2978: 2971: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2954: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2937: 2932: 2930: 2922: 2917: 2910: 2905: 2898: 2893: 2886: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2869: 2864: 2857: 2852: 2845: 2840: 2833: 2828: 2821: 2816: 2809: 2804: 2797: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2780: 2779:Rosander 2003 2775: 2773: 2771: 2763: 2762:Gullberg 2008 2758: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2741: 2734: 2733:Rosander 2003 2729: 2722: 2717: 2710: 2705: 2698: 2693: 2686: 2681: 2674: 2673:Gullberg 2008 2669: 2662: 2657: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2635: 2630: 2623: 2622:Gullberg 2008 2618: 2611: 2606: 2599: 2598:Gullberg 2008 2594: 2587: 2582: 2575: 2574:Gullberg 2008 2570: 2563: 2558: 2552:, p. 26. 2551: 2546: 2544: 2536: 2531: 2524: 2519: 2512: 2507: 2499: 2487: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2462: 2454: 2447: 2442: 2435: 2430: 2423: 2418: 2402: 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War artist 2115: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2093:Nordic Museum 2090: 2086: 2081: 2080:John Börjeson 2077: 2072: 2071:as director. 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2049:Lovisa Ulrika 2046: 2042: 2022: 2018: 1998: 1994: 1986: 1981: 1972: 1954: 1934: 1914: 1910: 1909:Carl Grimberg 1906: 1905:Peter Englund 1886: 1882: 1869: 1864: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1770: 1765: 1762: 1742: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1725:John Börjeson 1722: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1671: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1615: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1584:and captured 1583: 1582:Västergötland 1579: 1573: 1568: 1567:Erik Stenbock 1564: 1560: 1557:marched from 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1492: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1439: 1436: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1415:Svend Poulsen 1407: 1403: 1399: 1396: 1391: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1337: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1287: 1286:Jules Mazarin 1280: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1258: 1254: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1229:Jules Mazarin 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1210: 1199: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1131: 1128: 1123: 1120: 1114: 1111: 1110:von Ahlefeldt 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1087:Königsmarck's 1082: 1080: 1076: 1067: 1063: 1061: 1055: 1051: 1049: 1034: 1032: 1027: 1023: 1022:German states 1019: 1015: 1011: 1003: 999: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 935:Västergötland 932: 926: 924: 920: 908: 904: 897: 878: 876: 872: 869: 864: 858: 855: 851: 846: 844: 840: 835: 831: 827: 823: 818: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 765: 761: 752: 748: 744: 739: 730: 728: 724: 720: 715: 712: 708: 705: 704:Field Marshal 699: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 656:Frederiksodde 653: 649: 641: 640:Frederiksodde 637: 634:Contemporary 632: 627: 617: 614: 610: 606: 600: 595: 594:Erik Stenbock 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 558: 556: 555:besieged Riga 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 490: 480: 478: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 407: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 379:Frederiksodde 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 355: 353: 349: 346: 343: 339: 335: 332:waged by the 331: 327: 323: 319: 309: 304: 303: 298: 293: 291: 283: 281: 271: 269: 264: 258: 252: 249: 248: 243: 239: 232: 225: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 192: 187: 182: 181: 179: 178: 173: 170: 165: 160: 158: 153: 148: 147: 142: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 111: 106: 105: 100: 97: 96: 95: 93: 89: 86: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 66: 65: 61: 58: 57: 53: 49: 45: 40: 35: 32: 27: 22: 19: 4537: 4533: 4515: 4511: 4500:, retrieved 4483: 4479: 4450: 4446: 4428: 4424: 4406: 4402: 4376: 4372: 4357:: Schildts, 4350: 4346: 4331:: Atlantis, 4324: 4320: 4295: 4291: 4269:. Retrieved 4265:the original 4255: 4243:. Retrieved 4239:the original 4229: 4215: 4209: 4197:. Retrieved 4193:the original 4179: 4167:. Retrieved 4158: 4148: 4141:Englund 2000 4136: 4125:, retrieved 4121:the original 4114: 4105: 4093:. Retrieved 4089:the original 4080: 4071: 4059:. Retrieved 4055:the original 4048: 4038: 4026:. Retrieved 4022:the original 4015: 4005: 3993:. Retrieved 3989:the original 3982: 3972: 3960: 3948:. Retrieved 3944:the original 3935: 3926: 3914: 3901: 3881:the original 3858: 3848: 3837:, retrieved 3824: 3814: 3801: 3792: 3780: 3773:Englund 2000 3768: 3741: 3734:Weibull 1949 3721:, p. 3. 3719:Weibull 1949 3714: 3702: 3689: 3683: 3676:Weibull 1949 3656:. Retrieved 3643: 3633: 3628:, p. 2. 3626:Weibull 1949 3621: 3609: 3592: 3583: 3571: 3559: 3547: 3535: 3523: 3511: 3504:Isacson 2002 3499: 3492:Isacson 2002 3487: 3480:Isacson 2002 3475: 3468:Isacson 2002 3463: 3456:Isacson 2002 3451: 3439: 3432:Isacson 2002 3427: 3415: 3388: 3376: 3364: 3352: 3340: 3333:Isacson 2002 3328: 3316: 3304: 3282:Isacson 2002 3277: 3265: 3258:Englund 2000 3253: 3226: 3204:Isacson 2002 3184: 3172: 3160: 3148: 3136: 3129:Isacson 2002 3124: 3112: 3100: 3073: 3061: 3054:Isacson 2002 3049: 3037: 3025: 3013: 3006:Isacson 2002 3001: 2989: 2977: 2970:Englund 2000 2955:, p. 9. 2953:Weibull 1949 2936:Isacson 2002 2916: 2904: 2892: 2885:Isacson 2002 2863: 2851: 2839: 2827: 2815: 2808:Isacson 2002 2803: 2796:Englund 2000 2740: 2728: 2721:Isacson 2002 2716: 2704: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2656: 2629: 2617: 2605: 2593: 2581: 2569: 2557: 2530: 2518: 2511:Isacson 2002 2506: 2474:. Retrieved 2460: 2453: 2441: 2429: 2417: 2405:. Retrieved 2388: 2384: 2374: 2333:Isacson 2002 2328: 2316: 2220: 2210: 2149: 2147: 2114:chalcography 2111: 2096: 2073: 2060: 2056: 2020: 1996: 1990: 1952: 1932: 1912: 1884: 1877: 1866: 1844: 1841:Hans Villius 1833: 1825:Scandinavism 1821:Curt Weibull 1814: 1768: 1766: 1740: 1739:in his work 1734: 1703: 1694: 1690: 1669: 1668:In his book 1667: 1617: 1578:Harald Stake 1563:Kristianopel 1527: 1496: 1440: 1431: 1423:Guldborgsund 1411: 1405: 1386: 1376: 1362: 1338: 1321: 1292: 1278: 1262: 1214: 1205: 1196: 1186:and reached 1177: 1170: 1157:Wittenberg's 1153: 1124: 1115: 1107: 1097: 1083: 1071: 1057: 1045: 1007: 979:Södermanland 927: 915: 886:Swedish army 859: 847: 819: 809:' ferry, at 782: 756: 714:Anders Bille 700: 688:Swedish navy 676:Krabbefejden 675: 645: 636:chalcography 613:Swedish army 589: 580:, including 559: 501:against the 492: 470:a second war 439: 408: 356: 325: 317: 315: 310:Heavy losses 287: 277: 265: 256: 250: 144:Belligerents 90: 43: 29:Part of the 18: 4502:23 December 4283:Works cited 4017:Sydsvenskan 3984:Aftonbladet 3940:Dramaten.se 3839:5 September 2494:|work= 2148:The street 2069:Tor Hedberg 1837:Lillehammer 1829:Scandinavia 1570: [ 1555:Axel Lillie 1539:Helsingborg 1456:Vordingborg 1329:Claes Uggla 1179:Rittmeister 1148:Great Belts 1060:Little Belt 1026:conscripted 993:Danish army 987:Life Guards 947:Henrik Horn 803:Little Belt 783:skeppsmajor 741:Map of the 696:Danish navy 680:Iver Krabbe 597: [ 411:Little Belt 403:Scandinavia 395:Danish navy 350:during his 107:Territorial 72:Little Belt 4559:Categories 4455:Hallstavik 4271:2 November 4245:2 November 4199:28 October 4169:28 October 4127:1 February 4095:1 February 4081:Studio Ett 4061:1 February 4028:1 February 3995:1 February 3965:Wolke 2008 3950:2 November 3919:Wolke 2008 3876:9174863436 3785:Wolke 2008 3761:Åberg 2013 3746:Wolke 2008 3707:Wolke 2008 3658:31 October 3614:Wolke 2008 3576:Wolke 2008 3564:Wolke 2008 3552:Wolke 2008 3540:Wolke 2008 3528:Wolke 2008 3516:Wolke 2008 3420:Wolke 2008 3393:Wolke 2008 3357:Wolke 2008 3345:Wolke 2008 3321:Asker 2010 3309:Wolke 2008 3246:Åberg 2013 3231:Wolke 2008 3189:Wolke 2008 3177:Wolke 2008 3165:Wolke 2008 3141:Wolke 2008 3117:Wolke 2008 3105:Wolke 2008 3093:Åberg 2013 3078:Wolke 2008 3066:Wolke 2008 3042:Asker 2010 3030:Wolke 2008 3018:Wolke 2008 2994:Wolke 2008 2982:Wolke 2008 2921:Wolke 2008 2909:Wolke 2008 2897:Wolke 2008 2868:Wolke 2008 2856:Wolke 2008 2844:Wolke 2008 2832:Wolke 2008 2820:Wolke 2008 2745:Wolke 2008 2709:Wolke 2008 2697:Wolke 2008 2685:Wolke 2008 2661:Wolke 2008 2649:Wolke 2008 2634:Wolke 2008 2610:Wolke 2008 2586:Wolke 2008 2562:Wolke 2008 2550:Åberg 2013 2535:Wolke 2008 2523:Asker 2010 2476:1 February 2461:Fodermarsk 2446:Wolke 2008 2434:Wolke 2008 2422:Wolke 2008 2367:Asker 2010 2321:Wolke 2008 2309:Wolke 2008 2258:Asker 2010 2239:References 1873:Alf Åberg. 1650:Gothenburg 1625:Sound Dues 1419:Sakskøbing 1379:(1851) by 1265:Great Belt 1127:bridgehead 1020:, and the 875:Middelfart 791:Vendsyssel 787:Sønderborg 723:Copenhagen 650:, towards 590:fodermarsk 578:Härjedalen 523:Baltic Sea 483:Background 419:Great Belt 389:, but the 383:Copenhagen 295:10,200 men 290:Copenhagen 262:20 cannons 76:Great Belt 4492:0036-5483 4385:Gyldendal 4381:Köpenhamn 4329:Stockholm 4159:Volume 22 4050:Expressen 3806:Stockholm 3597:Stockholm 2496:ignored ( 2486:cite book 2407:6 January 2391:: 24–25. 2158:Östermalm 2150:Bältgatan 2085:Uddevalla 1809:Uddevalla 1700:Aftermath 1646:pneumonia 1594:Trondheim 1535:Helsingør 1515:Trøndelag 1390:rearguard 1333:Rudkøbing 1238:Skagerrak 1225:The Hague 1188:Svendborg 1075:Langeland 1031:seat farm 975:Skaraborg 967:Kronoberg 843:ice floes 826:Langeland 815:Flensburg 813:, and at 811:Haderslev 692:Stockholm 648:Pomerania 531:guerrilla 466:Trøndelag 423:Langeland 285:2,250 men 273:5,000 men 260:7,500 men 133:Trøndelag 4496:archived 4474:(1949), 4355:Helsinki 4319:(2000), 4163:Archived 3833:archived 3694:Norstedt 3652:Archived 3591:(1867), 2470:Archived 2401:Archived 1911:'s book 1871:— 1664:Analysis 1629:Kronborg 1511:Bornholm 1507:Blekinge 1499:Roskilde 1444:Grønsund 1395:provosts 1282:— 1242:Kattegat 1048:vanguard 1018:Scotland 959:Hälsinge 951:Tavastia 863:redoubts 745:between 672:Bohuslän 605:Halmstad 574:Jämtland 570:Saaremaa 511:Courland 499:campaign 497:began a 462:Bornholm 458:Bohuslän 450:Blekinge 393:and the 361:against 328:) was a 245:Strength 129:Bornholm 125:Bohuslän 117:Blekinge 94:victory 67:Location 4221:Uppsala 3644:Band 09 2393:Bibcode 2162:Kungsör 2028: 2004: 1960: 1940: 1920: 1892: 1852: 1798:Finland 1776: 1748: 1677: 1489:to the 1427:Falster 1324:Nakskov 1305:Tåsinge 1273:Lolland 1192:Finnish 1184:Faaborg 1119:quarter 943:Åboland 931:Drabant 850:Brandsø 830:Kolding 781:led by 747:Jutland 652:Jutland 582:Halland 566:Gotland 547:Russian 535:Austria 515:Prussia 454:Halland 431:Falster 427:Lolland 387:Zealand 375:Jutland 342:Swedish 322:Swedish 305:Unknown 280:Lolland 275:4 ships 220: ( 121:Halland 109:changes 92:Swedish 4544: 4522: 4490: 4461: 4435: 4413: 4391: 4361: 4335: 4306: 3906:Örebro 3873: 2215:camps. 2164:, and 1559:Kalmar 1461:Præstø 1341: 1300:Korsør 1269:Sprogø 1165:Nyborg 1161:Odense 1144:Little 1014:France 963:Kalmar 834:Assens 807:Assens 799:Lübeck 779:Wismar 751:Scania 668:Scania 527:Warsaw 517:. The 446:Scania 367:Russia 363:Poland 113:Scania 87:Result 74:& 4536:[ 4514:[ 4486:(1), 4449:[ 4427:[ 4405:[ 4375:[ 4349:[ 4323:[ 4294:[ 3884:(PDF) 3863:(PDF) 2172:Notes 2152:(The 2135:Latin 2067:with 1729:Malmö 1598:Falun 1574:] 1547:Malmö 901:King 795:Samsø 727:Funen 609:Thorn 601:] 415:Funen 268:Funen 46:, by 4542:ISBN 4520:ISBN 4504:2011 4488:ISSN 4459:ISBN 4433:ISBN 4411:ISBN 4389:ISBN 4359:ISBN 4333:ISBN 4304:ISBN 4300:Lund 4273:2019 4247:2019 4201:2019 4171:2019 4129:2020 4097:2020 4063:2020 4030:2020 3997:2020 3952:2019 3871:ISBN 3841:2020 3660:2019 2498:help 2478:2021 2409:2021 2154:Belt 2141:and 2025:lit. 2001:lit. 1957:lit. 1937:lit. 1917:lit. 1889:lit. 1849:lit. 1773:lit. 1745:lit. 1674:lit. 1465:Køge 1452:Farø 1450:and 1448:Bogø 1421:and 1355:and 1240:and 1146:and 981:and 937:and 793:and 769:and 760:Kiel 749:and 662:and 576:and 553:and 537:and 513:and 464:and 429:and 365:and 345:King 316:The 131:and 59:Date 2166:Råå 1955:" ( 1787:), 1723:by 1425:to 839:Als 822:Ærø 684:Møn 603:in 413:to 385:on 288:At 278:On 266:On 223:POW 4561:: 4494:, 4484:19 4387:, 4383:: 4219:, 4187:. 4157:. 4113:, 4083:. 4079:. 4047:. 4014:. 3981:. 3938:. 3934:. 3904:, 3892:^ 3823:, 3804:, 3753:^ 3726:^ 3668:^ 3646:. 3642:. 3599:: 3595:, 3400:^ 3289:^ 3238:^ 3211:^ 3196:^ 3085:^ 2960:^ 2943:^ 2928:^ 2875:^ 2786:^ 2769:^ 2752:^ 2641:^ 2542:^ 2490:: 2488:}} 2484:{{ 2464:. 2399:. 2389:28 2387:. 2383:. 2355:^ 2340:^ 2299:^ 2282:^ 2265:^ 2246:^ 2180:^ 2168:. 2145:. 2125:. 1800:. 1600:, 1572:sv 1509:, 1429:. 1016:, 977:, 973:, 969:, 965:, 961:, 945:, 845:. 817:. 599:sv 572:, 568:, 557:. 460:, 456:, 452:, 448:, 354:. 324:: 127:, 123:, 119:, 115:, 78:, 4275:. 4249:. 4203:. 4173:. 4099:. 4065:. 4032:. 3999:. 3954:. 3662:. 2500:) 2480:. 2411:. 2395:: 2037:' 2031:' 2023:( 2013:' 2007:' 1999:( 1969:' 1963:' 1949:' 1943:' 1935:( 1929:' 1923:' 1915:( 1901:' 1895:' 1887:( 1861:' 1855:' 1847:( 1785:' 1779:' 1771:( 1757:' 1751:' 1743:( 1731:. 1686:' 1680:' 1672:( 1383:. 1150:. 1104:. 1068:. 1004:. 909:. 753:. 320:( 292:: 282:: 270:: 226:) 50:.

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March Across the Belts

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