498:
482:
774:
1120:
364:
992:
their provinces to instead purchase grain in Asia and Sicily. There was a meeting at Brutus' house attended by Cicero, Brutus and
Cassius (and wives), and Brutus' mother, in which Cassius announced his intention to go to Syria while Brutus wanted to return to Rome, but ended up going to Greece. His initial plan to go to Rome, however, was to put on games in early July commemorating his ancestor Lucius Junius Brutus and promoting his cause; he instead delegated the games to a friend. Octavian also held games commemorating Caesar late in the month; around this time also, the
759:
702:. Plutarch says that Caesar ordered his officers to take Brutus prisoner if he gave himself up voluntarily, but to leave him alone and do him no harm if he persisted in fighting against capture. After the massive Pompeian defeat at Pharsalus on 9 August 48, Brutus fled through marshland to Larissa, where he wrote to Caesar, who welcomed him graciously into his camp. Plutarch also implies that Brutus told Caesar of Pompey's withdrawal plans to Egypt, but this is unlikely, as Brutus was not present when Pompey's decision to go to Egypt was made.
1017:
672:
860:(writing in the Augustan period) assumed that a senate meeting would isolate Caesar from support; Appian reports on the possibility of other senators coming to the assassins' aid. Both possibilities "are unlikely" due to Caesar's expansion of the senate and the low number of conspirators relative to the whole senate body. More likely is Dio's suggestion that a senate meeting would give the conspirators a tactical advantage as, by smuggling weapons, only the conspirators would be armed.
647:, one of the public priests in charge of supervising the calendar and maintaining Rome's peaceful relationship with the gods. It is likely that Caesar supported his election. Caesar had previously invited Brutus, after his quaestorship, to join him as a legate in Gaul, but Brutus declined, instead going with Appius Pulcher to Cilicia, possibly out of loyalty thereto. During the 50s, Brutus also was involved in some major trials, working alongside famous advocates like
6743:
2823:, is depicted as a young man torn between what he believes is right, and his loyalty to and love of a man who has been like a father to him. In the series, his personality and motives are somewhat inaccurate, as Brutus is portrayed as an unwilling participant in politics. In the earlier episodes, he is frequently inebriated and easily ruled by emotion. Brutus' relationship to Cato is not mentioned; his three sisters and wife, Porcia, are omitted.
2629:
1324:
1167:
young Caesar to withdraw. Cassius' troops fared poorly against Antony's men, forcing
Cassius to withdraw to a hill. Two stories then follow: Appian reports that Cassius heard of Brutus' victory, and killed himself out of shame; but all other sources describe how one of Cassius' legates failed to relay the news of Brutus' victory, causing Cassius to believe that Brutus had been defeated, and leading to his suicide.
2596:, writing in the late 18th century, had negative views. Middleton believed Brutus' vacillations in correspondence with Cicero betrayed his claims to philosophical consistency. Gibbon conceived of Brutus' actions in terms of their results: the destruction of the republic, civil war, death, and future tyranny. More teleological views of Brutus' actions are viewed sceptically by historians today:
975:, started a plan to ambush Brutus and Cassius. Brutus, as urban praetor in charge of the city's courts, was able to get a special dispensation to leave the capital for more than 10 days, and he withdrew to one of his estates in Lanuvium, 20 miles south-east of Rome. This fake Marius, for his threats to the tyrannicides (and to Antony's political base), was executed by being thrown from the
1171:
defections among his troops and the possibility of Antony cutting his supply lines, Brutus joined battle after attempting for some time to continue the original strategy of starving the enemy out. The resulting second battle of
Philippi was a head-to-head struggle in which the sources report few tactical manoeuvres but heavy casualties, especially among eminent republican families.
741:. Brutus' reasons for marrying Porcia are unclear, he may have been in love or it could have been a politically motivated marriage to position Brutus as heir to Cato's supporters, although Brutus still had good relations with Caesar at this point. Porcia did not get along with Brutus’ mother, Servilia, and Cicero stated that both were very open in their resentment for each other.
2439:, expressed that the act of the conspirators, including Brutus, was a moral duty. The main charge against him in the ancient world was that of ingratitude, viewing Brutus as ungrateful in taking Caesar's goodwill and support and then killing him. An even more negative historiographical tradition viewed Brutus and his compatriots as criminal murderers. Still, during the
1102:
campaign continued with less sacking but more coerced payments; the ancient tradition on this turn also is divided, with Appian seeing eastern willingness to surrender emerging from stories of
Xanthus' destruction contra Cassius Dio and Plutarch viewing the later portions of the campaign as emblematic of Brutus' virtues of moderation, justice, and honour.
828:
senate; there was no longer any room for anyone to shape policy except by convincing Caesar; political success became a grant of Caesar's rather than something won competitively from the people. The
Platonian philosophical tradition, of which Brutus was an active writer and thinker, also emphasised a duty to restore justice and to overthrow tyrants.
856:, an attack at the elections, or killing at a gladiator match – eventually, however, the conspiracy settled on a senate meeting on the Ides of March. The specific date carried symbolic importance, as consuls until the mid-2nd century BC had assumed their offices on that day (instead of early January). The reasons for choosing the Ides are unclear:
967:
public funeral. If the settlement had held, there would have been a general resumption of the republic: Decimus would go to Gaul that year and be confirmed as consul in 42, where he would then hold elections for 41. The people celebrated the reconciliation but some of the hard-core
Caesarians were convinced that civil war would follow.
869:
serving as co-consul with Caesar – outside the senate house; Caesar was then stabbed to death almost immediately. The specific details of the assassination vary between authors: Nicolaus of
Damascus reports some eighty conspirators, Appian only listed fifteen, the number of wounds on Caesar ranges from twenty-three to thirty-five.
1080:. The new consuls also lifted the senate's decrees against Lepidus and Antony, clearing the way for a general Caesarian rapprochement. Under that law, Decimus was killed in the west some time in autumn, defeating the republican cause in the west; by 27 November 43, the Caesarians had fully settled their differences and passed the
824:, also one of the praetors for that year and a former legate of Caesar's, also was involved in the formation of the conspiracy. Plutarch has Brutus approach Cassius at his wife's urging, while Appian and Dio have Cassius approaching Brutus (and in Dio, Cassius does so after opposing further honours for Caesar publicly).
847:, and others. There was a discussion late in the conspiracy as to whether Antony should be killed, which Brutus forcefully rejected: Plutarch says Brutus thought Antony could be turned to the tyrannicides; Appian says Brutus thought of the optics of purging the Caesarian elite rather than only removing a tyrant.
1183:: "O Zeus, do not forget who has caused all these woes". It is, however, unclear whether Brutus was referring to Antony, as claimed by Appian, or otherwise Octavian, as Kathryn Tempest believes. Also according to Plutarch, he praised his friends for not deserting him before encouraging them to save themselves.
800:
up to his ancestors. Dio reports this public support came from the people of Rome; Plutarch however has the graffiti created by elites to shame Brutus into action. Regardless of the specific impetus, modern historians believe that at least some portion of popular opinion had turned against Caesar by early 44.
971:
embellishments added by Livy, according to T P Wiseman. Contrary to what is reported by
Plutarch, the assassins stayed in Rome for a few weeks after the funeral until April 44, indicating some support among the population for the tyrannicides. A person calling himself Marius, claiming he was a descendant of
790:
There are various different traditions describing the way in which Brutus arrived to the decision to assassinate Caesar. Plutarch, Appian, and
Cassius Dio, all writing in the imperial period, focused on peer pressure and Brutus' perceived philosophical duty to his country and his family's reputation.
443:'s mistress. Some ancient sources refer to the possibility of Caesar being Brutus' real father, despite Caesar being only fifteen years old when Brutus was born. Ancient historians were sceptical of this possibility, and the theory is largely rejected by modern scholars as chronologically improbable.
2850:
features a small side story in the form of the "Scrolls of
Romulus" written by Brutus, which reveals that Caesar was a Templar, and Brutus and the conspirators were members of the Roman Brotherhood of Assassins. At the end of the side quest, the player is able to get Brutus' armour and dagger. Later
1061:
Dolabella switched sides in 43, killing Trebonius in Syria and raising an army against Cassius. Brutus decamped for Syria in early May, writing letters to Cicero criticising Cicero's policy to support Octavian against Antony; at the same time, the senate had declared Antony an enemy of the state. In
827:
The extent of Caesar's control over the political system also stymied the ambitions of many aristocrats of Brutus' generation: Caesar's dictatorship precluded many of the avenues for success which Romans recognised. The reduction of the senate to a rubber stamp ended political discussion in Caesar's
799:
By autumn 45, public opinion of Caesar was starting to sour: Plutarch, Appian, and Dio all reported graffiti glorifying Brutus' ancestor Lucius Junius Brutus, panning Caesar's kingly ambitions, and derogatory comments made to Marcus Junius Brutus in Rome's open-air courts that he was failing to live
601:
also invalidated such contracts, Brutus also had his contract – officially his friends' contract – confirmed by the senate. One of Brutus' friends in whose name the debt was officially issued, Marcus Scaptius, was in Cilicia during Cicero's proconsulship using force to coerce repayment, which Cicero
982:
By early May, Brutus was considering exile. Octavian's arrival, along with the fake Marius, caused Antony to lose some of the support of his veterans, he responded by touring Campania – officially to settle Caesar's veterans – but actually to buttress military support. Dolabella at this time was on
970:
Caesar's funeral occurred on 20 March, with a rousing speech by Antony mourning the dictator and energising opposition against the tyrannicides. Various ancient sources report that the crowd set the senate house on fire and started a witch-hunt for the tyrannicides, but these may have been spurious
940:
After Caesar's death, Dio reports a series of prodigies and miraculous occurrences which are "self-evidently fantastic" and likely fictitious. Some of the supposed prodigies did in fact occur, but were actually unrelated to Caesar's death: Cicero's statue was knocked over but only in the next year,
690:
broke out in January 49 BC between Pompey and Caesar, Brutus faced a choice between one or the other. Pompey and his allies fled the city before Caesar's army arrived in March. Brutus decided to support his father's killer, Pompey; this choice may have had mostly to do with Brutus' closest allies –
1170:
Following the first battle, Brutus assumed command of Cassius' army with the promise of a substantial cash reward. He also possibly promised his soldiers that he would allow them to plunder Thessalonica and Sparta after victory, as the cities had supported the triumvirs in the conflict. Fearful of
1166:
In the ensuing first battle of Philippi, the start of the battle is unclear. Appian says Antony attacked Cassius whereas Plutarch reports battle was joined more-or-less simultaneously. Brutus' forces defeated Octavian's troops on the republican right flank, sacking Octavian's camp and forcing the
1093:
When news of the triumvirate and their proscriptions reached Brutus in the east, he marched across the Hellespont into Macedonia to quell rebellion and conquered a number of cities in Thrace. After meeting Cassius in Smyrna in January 42, both generals also went on a campaign through southern Asia
591:
The loan to Salamis was more complex: officially, the loan was made by two of Brutus' friends, who requested repayment at 48 per cent per annum, which was far in excess of Cicero's previously imposed interest cap of 12 per cent. The loan dated back to 56, shortly after Brutus returned to Rome from
2611:
in the late 19th century "cast a damning verdict on Brutus" by ending with Caesar's reforms in 46 BC, along with advancing a view that Caesar "had some sort of solution to the problem of how to deal with Rome's growing empire" (of which there is no surviving description). Similarly, views of
987:
and also was the only consul at Rome; Antony's brother Lucius Antonius helped Octavian to announce publicly that he was to fulfil the conditions of Caesar's will, handing an enormous amount of wealth to the citizenry. Brutus also wrote a number of speeches disseminated to the public defending his
936:
Cicero urged the tyrannicides to call a meeting of the senate to gather its support; but instead Brutus sent a delegation to the Caesarians, asking for a negotiated settlement. This may have been due to family connections: Lepidus was married to one of Brutus' sisters; or perhaps Brutus believed
1162:
also had a substantial financial advantage, paying their soldiers in advance of the battle with 1,500 denarii a man and more for officers. Antony moved quickly to force an engagement immediately, building a causeway under cover of darkness into the swamps that anchored the republican left flank;
991:
By mid-May, Antony started on designs against Decimus Brutus' governorship in Cisalpine Gaul. He bypassed the senate and took the matter to the popular assemblies in June and enacted the reassignment of the Gallic province by law. At the same time, he proposed reassigning Brutus and Cassius from
662:
in 49, Brutus' views are mostly unknown. While he did oppose Pompey until 52, Brutus may have simply taken a tactical silence. Cicero's letters also indicate that Brutus may have been courted by Caesar – who is said to have spoken about avenging the death of Brutus' father – in the run-up to the
1101:
enslaving their populations and plundering their wealth. Other ancient historians, including Plutarch, take a more apologetic tone, having Brutus regret with tears the violence done; this was common ancient literary device to excuse and praise morally condemnable actions, such as pillaging. The
966:
Cicero acted as an honest broker and hammered out a compromise solution: general amnesty for the assassins, ratification of Caesar's acts and appointments for the next two years, and guarantees to Caesar's veterans that they would receive their promised land grants. Caesar also was to receive a
868:
The ancient sources embellish the Ides with omens ignored, soothsayers spurned, and notes to Caesar spilling the conspiracy unread, all contributing to the dramatic and tragic propagandic stories of Caesar's death. The specific implementation of the conspiracy had Trebonius detain Antony – then
1065:
Cicero's policy of attempting to unify Octavian with the senate against Antony and Lepidus started to fail in May; he requested Brutus to take his forces and march to his aid in Italy in mid-June. It seems that Brutus and Cassius in the east had substantial communications delays and failed to
1038:
The senate assigned Brutus to Crete (and Cassius to Cyrene) in early August, both small and insignificant provinces with few troops. Later in the month, Brutus left Italy for the east. He was acclaimed in Greece by the younger Romans there and recruited many supporters from the young Roman
2954:"that as proconsul Quintus Caepio Brutus shall protect, defend, guard, and keep safe Macedonia, Illyricum, and the whole of Greece; that he will command the army which he himself has established and raised... and see to it that, together with his army, he be as close as possible to Italy".
470:
in 58. According to Plutarch, Brutus was instrumental in assisting the administration of the province (specifically by converting treasure of the former king of the island into usable money); his role in administering the province, however, has "almost certainly been exaggerated".
1062:
late May, Lepidus (married to Brutus' half-sister) – possibly forced by his own troops – joined Antony against Cicero, Octavian, and the senate, leading Brutus to write to Cicero asking him to protect both his own and Lepidus' family. The next month, Brutus' wife Porcia died.
1039:
aristocrats being educated in Athens. He discussed with the governor of Macedonia handing the province over to him; while Antony in Rome allocated the province to his brother Gaius, Brutus travelled north with an army to Macedonia, buoyed by funds collected by two outgoing
2418:, mentions that Brutus' enemies respected him, recounting that Antony once said that "Brutus was the only man to have slain Caesar because he was driven by the splendour and nobility of the deed, while the rest conspired against the man because they hated and envied him".
618:(On the Dictatorship of Pompey), opposing demands for Pompey to be made dictator, writing "it is better to rule no one than to be another man's slave, for one can live honourably without power but to live as a slave is impossible". He was in this episode more radical than
2541:
Renaissance writers, however, tended to view him more positively, as Brutus' assassination of Caesar symbolised ancient republican ideology. Various men in the renaissance and early modern periods were called or adopted the name Brutus: In 1537, the "Florentine Brutus",
602:
stopped; Cicero, not seeking to endanger his friendship with Brutus, but also disappointed and angry at Brutus' mischaracterisation of the loan and the exorbitant interest rate attached, was persuaded by Scaptius to defer a decision on the loan to the next governor.
1150:
had positioned themselves west of Neapolis with clear lines of communication back to their supplies in the east. Octavian and Antony, leading the Caesarian forces, were not so lucky, as their supply lines were harassed by the superior republican fleets, leading the
640:, in which he connected Milo's killing of Clodius explicitly to the welfare of the state and possibly also criticising what he saw as Pompey's abuses of power. This speech or pamphlet was very well received and positively viewed by later teachers of rhetoric.
807:
in late January 44 for removing a crown from one of his statues; this attack on the tribunes undermined one of his main arguments – defending the rights of the tribunes – for going to civil war in 49. In February 44, Caesar thrice rejected a crown from
893:
Immediately after Caesar's death, senators fled the chaos. None attempted to aid Caesar or to move his body. Cicero reported that Caesar fell at the foot of the statue of Pompey. His body was only moved after night fell, carried home to Caesar's wife
2505:
also initially agreed with Cicero’s defense of Brutus. However, he later changed his beliefs, expressing that while tyrants should be overthrown under certain circumstances, mild tyrants ought to be tolerated out of possible unintended consequences.
2462:, writing with the support of the imperial regime, believed Brutus' memory suffered from "irreversible curses". During this time, "admiration of Brutus and Cassius was more sinisterly interpreted as a cry of protest against the imperial system". The
579:
in the next year. While in Cilicia, he spent some time as a money-lender, which was discovered two years later when Cicero was appointed proconsul between 51 and 50 BC. Brutus asked Cicero to help collect two debts which Brutus had made: one to
906:, moved a legion of troops from the Tiber Island into the city and surrounded the forum. Suetonius reports that Brutus and Cassius initially planned to seize Caesar's property and revoke his decrees, but stalled out of fear of Lepidus and Antony.
1066:
recognise that Antony had not been defeated, contra earlier assurances after Mutina. Over the next few months from June to 19 August, Octavian marched on Rome and forced his election as consul. Shortly afterwards, Octavian and his colleague,
2407:
In the ancient world, Brutus' legacy was a topic of substantial debate. Starting from his own times and shortly after his death, he was already viewed as having killed Caesar for virtuous reasons rather than envy or hatred. For example,
454:
as a member of a conspiracy plotting to assassinate Pompey in the forum. Vettius was detained for admitting possession of a weapon within the city, and quickly changed this story the next day, dropping Brutus' name from his accusations.
2709:
and is invited by a sorcerer to visit with several historical figures brought back from the dead. Among them, Caesar and Brutus are evoked, and Caesar confesses that all his glory doesn't equal the glory Brutus gained by murdering
40:
1174:
After the defeat, Brutus fled into the nearby hills with about four legions. Knowing his army had been defeated and that he would be captured, he took his own life by falling on his sword. Among his last words were, according to
705:
While Caesar followed Pompey to Alexandria in 48–47, Brutus worked to effect a reconciliation between various Pompeians and Caesar. He arrived back in Rome in December 47. Caesar appointed Brutus as governor (likely as
283:, who was responsible for Brutus' father's death. He also was close to Caesar. However, Caesar's attempts to evade accountability in the law courts put him at greater odds with his opponents in the Roman elite and the
1186:
Some sources report that Antony, upon discovering Brutus' body, as a show of great respect, ordered it to be wrapped in Antony's most expensive purple mantle and cremated, with the ashes to be sent to Brutus' mother,
2971:"Evidently there was little understanding in the east of the effect of Lepidus' defection and the potential crisis awaiting Rome; likewise, in the west, the problem of Dolabella was remote and incomprehensible".
819:
Cicero also wrote letters asking Brutus to reconsider his association with Caesar. Cassius Dio claims that Brutus' wife Porcia spurred Brutus' conspiracy, but evidence is unclear as to the extent of her influence.
958:
were soon to assume control of vast provincial holdings in the east which would provide them, within the year, with large armies and resources. Seeing that the military situation was initially problematic, the
2727:, whom Brutus deeply loved so that she could be married instead to Pompey the Great. However, Brutus enjoys Caesar's favor after he receives a pardon for fighting with Republican forces against Caesar at the
2477:, "the oral and written tradition had been worked over to create a streamlined, and largely positive, narrative of Brutus' motives". Some high imperial writers also admired his rhetorical skills, especially
340:
His name has become a synonym and byword for "betrayal" or "traitor" in most languages of Europe. His condemnation for betrayal of Caesar, his friend and benefactor, is perhaps rivalled only by the name of
400:, the last Roman king, and was afterward one of the two first consuls of the new Roman Republic in 509 BC, taking the opportunity also to have the people swear an oath never to have another king in Rome.
953:
The initial plan from Brutus and Cassius seems to have been to establish a period of calm and then to work towards a general reconciliation. While the Caesarians had troops near the capital at hand, the
596:
it was illegal for Romans to lend to provincials in the capital, but Brutus was able to find "friends" to loan this money on his behalf, which was approved under his influence in the senate. Because the
2612:
Brutus are also bound up with assessment of the republic: those who believe the republic was not worth saving or in an inevitable decline, views perhaps coloured by hindsight, view him more negatively.
1046:
In January 43, Brutus entered Macedonia with his army, and took Antony's brother Gaius captive. At the same time, the political situation in Rome turned against Antony, as Cicero was delivering his
737:, Cato's daughter, late in the same month. According to Cicero the marriage caused a semi-scandal as Brutus failed to state a valid reason for his divorce from Claudia other than he wished to marry
2458:; in fact, the atmosphere became more intolerant. The historian Cremutius Cordus was charged with treason for having written a history too friendly to Brutus and Cassius. Around the same time,
450:; he was therefore known officially as Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, though he hardly used his legal name. In 59, when Caesar was consul, Brutus also was implicated by Lucius Vettius in the
1191:. Suetonius, however, reports that Octavian had Brutus' head cut off and planned to have it displayed before a statue of Caesar until it was thrown overboard during a storm in the Adriatic.
929:, who was to become consul in a few days on the 18th, decided immediately to assume the consulship illegally, expressed his support of Brutus and Cassius before the people, and joined the
1050:. Over the next few months, Brutus spent his time in Greece building strength. In Italy, the senate at Cicero's urging fought against Antony at the battle of Mutina, where both consuls (
1227:
49 BC: The Civil War begins in January. Brutus joins the Pompeian party against Caesar, serving as legate to Publius Sestius in Cilicia, then joining Pompey in Greece late in the year.
446:
As a result of his father's proscription, Brutus could not start a political career. Around 59, Brutus lifted this restriction by being posthumously adopted by one of his relatives,
355:. He also has been praised in various narratives, both ancient and modern, as a virtuous and committed republican who fought – however futilely – for freedom and against tyranny.
622:, who supported Pompey's elevation as sole consul for 52, saying "any government at all is better than no government". Soon after Pompey was made sole consul, Pompey passed the
2723:, Brutus is portrayed as a timid intellectual whose relationship with Caesar is deeply complex. He resents Caesar for breaking his marriage arrangement with Caesar's daughter,
963:
decided then to ratify Caesar's decrees so that they could hold on to their magistracies and provincial assignments to protect themselves and rebuild the republican front.
655:. In 50, he – with Pompey and Hortensius – played a significant role in defending Brutus' father-in-law Appius Claudius from charges of treason and electoral malpractice.
2586:
in 1787 were written under the pseudonym "Brutus". Similar anti-federalist letters and pamphlets were written by other Roman republican names such as Cato and Poplicola.
6344:
1058:) were killed. During this time, the republicans enjoyed the support of the senate, which confirmed Brutus and Cassius' commands in Macedonia and Syria, respectively.
2485:, with the latter writing, "in my opinion, Brutus alone among them laid bare the convictions of his heart frankly and ingeniously, with neither ill-will nor spite".
1273:
42 BC: Brutus campaigns successfully in southern Asia minor in January. In September and October his forces are defeated by the triumvirs, and he commits suicide.
1179:, "By all means must we fly, but with our hands, not our feet". Brutus reportedly also uttered the well-known verse calling down a curse quoted from Euripides'
6795:
5414:
1132:
1158:
Octavian and Antony had some 95,000 infantry with 13,000 horsemen, while Brutus and Cassius had some 85,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry. Flush with cash, the
523:. Moneyers in Brutus' day frequently issued coins commemorating their ancestors; Pompeius Rufus thus put the portraits of his two grandfathers (the dictator
3005:
Leg., Lieut. ? Gall. Cisalp. 46–45 (early), Pr. Urb. 44, Cur. annon. 44, Procos. Crete 44, Procos. (with imperium maius) Macedonia and the East 43–42".
447:
265:
1105:
By the end of the campaign in Asia minor, both Brutus and Cassius were tremendously rich. They reconvened at Sardis and marched into Thrace in August 42.
691:
Appius Claudius, Cato, Cicero, etc. – also all joining Pompey. He did not, however, immediately join Pompey, instead travelling to Cilicia as legate for
2530:. Dante's views gave a further theological bent as well: by killing Caesar, Brutus "was resisting God's 'historical design'": the development of the
3269:
6805:
1588:
925:
and the tribunes Caesar had recently deposed. The support of the people was tepid, even though other speeches followed supporting the tyrannicide.
733:
After Caesar's last battle against the republican remnant in March 45, Brutus divorced his wife Claudia in June and promptly remarried his cousin
551:, the goddess of liberty, and Lucius Brutus. These coins show Brutus' admiration for the tyrannicides of the early republic, already mentioned by
6845:
5305:
Both writers emphasize that Caesar symbolizes the universal monarch and Brutus and Cassius represent the assassins of the true universal emperor.
2783:
1097:
Brutus' depiction among certain authors, like Appian, suffered considerably from this eastern campaign, in which Brutus marched into cities like
5413:
Balbo, Andrea (2013). "Marcus Junius Brutus the orator: between philosophy and rhetoric". In Steel, Catherine; van der Blom, Henriette (eds.).
2776:
in which he is the main antagonist. The character appears in the first three live Asterix film adaptations – though briefly in the first two –
2857:, Brutus and Cassius make an appearance as Aya's earliest recruits and is the one who give the killing blow to Caesar, though his armour from
2470:, argued that since Caesar was a good king, Brutus' fear was unfounded, and that he did not think through the consequences of Caesar's death.
1976:
715:
3378:
1302:
937:
that Antony could be won over. The Caesarians delayed for a day, moving troops and gathering weapons and supplies for a possible conflict.
2399:
Brutus' historical character has undergone numerous revisions and remains divisive. Dominant views of Brutus vary by time and geography.
2547:
1603:
1143:
926:
543:, both of whom were widely recognised in the late Republic as defenders of liberty (for, respectively, expelling the kings and killing
520:
1883:
1188:
979:
in mid- or late April. Dolabella, the other consul, acting on his own initiative, took down an altar and column dedicated to Caesar.
302:(liberators) plotted to assassinate him. Brutus took a leading role in the assassination, which was carried out successfully on the
2816:
988:
actions, emphasising how Caesar had invaded Rome, killed prominent citizens, and suppressed the popular sovereignty of the people.
298:
With Caesar's increasingly monarchical and autocratic behaviour after the civil war, several senators who later called themselves
6618:
6374:
6226:
6100:
886:
as a postscript. As dramatic death quotes were a staple of Roman literature, the historicity of the quote is unclear. The use of
872:
Plutarch reports that Caesar yielded to the attack after seeing Brutus' participation; Dio reported that Caesar shouted in Greek
844:
831:
Regardless of how the conspiracy was initially formed, Brutus and Cassius, along with Brutus' cousin and close ally of Caesar's,
333:
led by Brutus and Cassius. The Caesarians decisively defeated the outnumbered armies of Brutus and Cassius at the two battles at
6123:
5691:
879:
568:
420:
575:(and automatically enrolled in the senate) in 53. Brutus then travelled with his father-in-law to Cilicia during the latter's
555:
as early as 59 BC. In addition, Brutus' denarii and their message against tyranny participated in the propaganda against
6633:
5612:
5576:
5478:
5457:
5424:
5358:
5298:
5271:
3287:
2650:
1345:
528:
6661:
1853:
1163:
Cassius, commanding the republican left, countered with a wall to cut off Antony from his men and to defend his own flank.
404:
196:
2451:, which included statues of various republican heroes, omitted men such as Cato the Younger, Cicero, Brutus, and Cassius.
6800:
6160:
6005:
3001:, p. 576. "M. Iunius Brutus ... (53) Monetal. ca. 60 ... Q. 53 (Cilicia), Leg., Lieut. 49, 48 ?, Propr. ?
2788:
2292:
588:. Brutus' loan to Ariobarzanes was bundled with a loan also made by Pompey and both received some repayment on the debt.
773:
6835:
5719:
3398:
2906:
has Brutus aged 36 at death. Velleius's date would make Brutus too young to hold the offices he is known to have held.
2103:
903:
744:
Brutus also was promised the prestigious urban praetorship for 44 BC and possibly earmarked for the consulship in 41.
6463:
5876:
5505:
3326:
2676:
1371:
778:
497:
481:
2658:
1353:
6825:
2846:
2556:(Defences against tyrants) was published in 1579 under the pseudonym Stephanus Junius Brutus; the "British Brutus"
1295:
1090:
and instituting a series of brutal proscriptions. The proscriptions claimed many lives, including that of Cicero.
6790:
6785:
5434:
3704:, pp. 455, 456, 734, also mentioning other moneyers minting coins for and against Pompey in the 50s BC.
1868:
1720:
1611:
1055:
393:
162:
6628:
6150:
5534:
2654:
1486:
1479:
1349:
1259:
753:
581:
257:
125:
6770:
6284:
5545:
2923:. Cicero's time as governor overlaps with the death of Ariobarzanes II and the accession of Ariobarzanes III.
2920:
1493:
832:
882:, a friend of Caesar's, as saying that the dictator fell in silence, with the possibility that Caesar spoke
519:, one of the three men appointed annually for producing coins, even though only another colleague is known:
6850:
6419:
3592:, p. 37, citing Cicero's allegation of a "nocturnal intervention" altering Vettius' testimony at Cic.
2802:
2778:
325:
retroactively making Brutus and the other conspirators murderers. This led to a second civil war, in which
310:
and the Caesarians, an amnesty was granted to the assassins while Caesar's acts were upheld for two years.
458:
Brutus' first appearance in public life was as an assistant to Cato, when the latter was appointed by the
6840:
6815:
6717:
6469:
6412:
6299:
6093:
2853:
1876:
1861:
1288:
1119:
873:
428:
200:
2739:
use him as a figurehead because of his family connections to the founder of the Republic. He appears in
917:
promoted their support of democracy and liberty and told the people not to expect harm; Appian says the
6623:
6592:
6576:
6304:
5948:
5925:
5765:
2724:
2582:
Views of Brutus as a symbol of republicanism have remained through the modern period. For example, the
1267:
895:
676:
397:
80:
2421:
Even when he was still alive, Brutus' literary output, especially the pamphlets of 52 BC against
6653:
6566:
6505:
6168:
5916:
5807:
5793:
2753:
2552:
2600:, for example, pointed out "to judge Brutus because he failed is simply to judge from the results".
6830:
6571:
6500:
6196:
5552:. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 6. Translated by Perrin, Bernadotte. Harvard University Press.
2639:
1334:
1011:
287:. Brutus eventually came to oppose Caesar and sided with Pompey against Caesar's forces during the
3438:, p. 102, noting the "almost universally accepted" treatment rejecting Caesar's parentage at
2443:, historians were said to have written about Brutus and the other conspirators respectfully. Even
945:
in Sicily did erupt but not contemporaneously, a comet was seen in the sky but only months later.
890:, however, indicates the possibility of a curse, per classicists James Russell and Jeffrey Tatum.
783:
5840:
5818:
2837:
2741:
2643:
2543:
1983:
1338:
1137:
840:
816:, which in Latin translated either to dictator for life or as dictator for an undetermined term.
738:
734:
680:
611:
463:
416:
183:
20:
6748:
6681:
6432:
6398:
6361:
6086:
6014:
5849:
5712:
2732:
2583:
2014:
1596:
1076:
making the murder of a dictator retroactively illegal, and convicting Brutus and the assassins
821:
314:
5604:
3390:
2433:) coloured him as philosophically consistent, and motivated only by principle. Cicero, in his
535:. Brutus, like his colleague, designed a denarius with the portraits of his paternal ancestor
6780:
6775:
6261:
6211:
6138:
5595:
Badian, Ernst (2012). "Iunius Brutus (2), Marcus". In Hornblower, Simon; et al. (eds.).
2832:
2698:
2561:
687:
659:
540:
490:
288:
363:
6810:
6251:
6231:
6143:
2574:, which depicted him "more of a troubled soul than a public symbol... often sympathetic".
2570:
2390:
857:
536:
486:
408:
389:
374:
2797:
758:
8:
6289:
6274:
6216:
6206:
6201:
5798:
3279:
2903:
2800:: he is a central character to the film, even though he was not depicted in the original
2728:
2565:
835:, started to recruit to the conspiracy in late February 44. They recruited men including
699:
292:
5524:
2454:
The divisive views of Brutus in the early Principate had little changed by the reign of
6820:
6526:
6269:
6241:
6221:
6191:
6186:
6035:
3528:
3486:
2899:
2720:
2467:
1114:
1087:
1020:
766:
652:
515:
432:
334:
45:
5634:
2564:. Brutus was also present in the arts during the early modern period, particularly in
2440:
6671:
6521:
6380:
6326:
6316:
6128:
5992:
5975:
5957:
5758:
5705:
5653:
5618:
5608:
5572:
5553:
5530:
5511:
5501:
5474:
5453:
5420:
5364:
5354:
5294:
5267:
3520:
3478:
3394:
3332:
3322:
3283:
2759:
2747:
2589:
2494:
2478:
2448:
804:
719:
627:
369:
3341:
Pompey killed Marcus Junius Brutus, a rebel legate in northern Italy, in 77 BC.
6666:
6456:
6321:
6279:
6246:
6045:
5934:
5867:
5814:
5600:
5493:
3386:
3275:
2811:
2459:
1698:
619:
436:
214:
2829:' song "B is for Brutus" contains titular and lyrical references to Junius Brutus.
1224:
52 BC: Opposes Pompey and defends Milo after the death of Publius Clodius Pulcher.
6727:
6485:
6331:
6294:
5773:
5566:
5468:
5447:
5288:
5266:. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press. pp. 2–5.
5261:
2894:
2772:
2715:
2702:
2608:
2557:
2514:
2509:
909:
Before Lepidus' troops arrived to the forum, Brutus spoke before the people in a
899:
836:
809:
726:
in which he reflected positively both on Cato's life while highlighting Caesar's
692:
585:
571:'s daughter Claudia, likely in 54 during Pulcher's consulship. He was elected as
544:
351:
346:
256:
85 BC – 23 October 42 BC) was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of
3321:. Translated by Walker, Henry J. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. p. 205.
698:
It is not known whether Brutus fought in the ensuing battles at Dyrrhachium and
6686:
6546:
6495:
6449:
6311:
5996:
5903:
5835:
5744:
5490:
Empire and memory: the representation of the Roman republic in imperial culture
2820:
2691:
2523:
2502:
2414:
2299:
1408:
1238:
1067:
722:
on 6 April 46, Brutus was one of Cato's eulogisers writing a pamphlet entitled
451:
342:
248:
139:
3450:(in German). Vol. II A, 2. Stuttgart: Butcher. cols. 1817–21 – via
6764:
6109:
6030:
5988:
5802:
5657:
5645:
5622:
5515:
5497:
5368:
3524:
3482:
2593:
2329:
2096:
1128:
1051:
976:
922:
440:
321:– Caesar's adopted son – made himself consul and, with his colleague, passed
303:
261:
5557:
3336:
2806:
comic book. He is implied in that film to be Julius Caesar's biological son.
2501:, emulated Cicero’s beliefs by defending tyrannicide as a moral obligation.
592:
Cyprus. Salamis had sent a delegation asking to borrow money, but under the
6531:
6050:
6010:
5961:
5943:
2706:
2535:
2531:
2007:
1025:
972:
459:
284:
5681:
5348:
4310:, p. 261 n. 1 the various ancient accounts: Nic. Dam., 58–106; Plut.
3948:
3414:
3268:
Treggiari, Susan (2019). "Adolescence and Marriage to Brutus (c. 88–78)".
671:
295:
in 48, after which Brutus surrendered to Caesar, who granted him amnesty.
272:, which was retained as his legal name. He is often referred to simply as
6707:
6490:
6426:
6178:
6133:
6040:
5921:
5858:
5853:
5630:
3316:
2597:
2435:
2385:
1998:
1016:
326:
6702:
6536:
6368:
5789:
3532:
3508:
3451:
3318:
Memorable deeds and sayings : one thousand tales from ancient Rome
2871:
2447:
himself was alleged to tolerate positive views of Brutus. However, the
1047:
632:
385:
3680:, pp. 456, 734. Quintus Pompeius Rufus was a supporter of Pompey.
3490:
3466:
2951:
Cicero made the proposal, "referring to Brutus by his official name",
1127:
The Caesarians also marched into Greece, evading the naval patrols of
6712:
6676:
6597:
5912:
5831:
2826:
2736:
1241:, before defeating the remnants of the Pompeians at Thapsus in April.
1082:
1072:
852:
576:
322:
313:
Popular unrest forced Brutus and his brother-in-law, fellow assassin
156:
5697:
5416:
Community and communication: oratory and politics in republican Rome
5263:
The Brutus revival: parricide and tyrannicide during the Renaissance
2628:
1323:
317:, to leave Rome in April 44. After a complex political realignment,
6602:
6561:
6405:
6236:
6001:
5907:
5894:
5885:
5880:
5729:
2463:
2455:
2444:
2409:
1214:
1176:
572:
548:
532:
502:
382:
318:
76:
3543:
19:"Brutus" redirects here. For other people with the same name, see
5984:
5979:
5970:
5966:
5930:
5751:
3442:
2793:
2767:
2482:
1415:
1400:
1218:
1098:
942:
147:
91:
6078:
39:
5939:
5862:
5844:
2889:
2695:
2422:
2187:
1690:
1263:
1231:
1204:
711:
648:
556:
552:
506:
467:
424:
280:
5685:
2792:. In the latter film, he is portrayed as a comical villain by
2615:
There remains little consensus on Brutus' actions as a whole.
1230:
48 BC: Pompey is defeated at Pharsalus on 9 August; Brutus is
921:
merely congratulated each other and recommended the recall of
5952:
5898:
5889:
5822:
2527:
2522:
for his betrayal of Caesar, where he (along with Cassius and
2191:
878:("You too, child?"). Suetonius' account, however, also cites
524:
485:
Denarius minted by Brutus, 54 BC, with the portraits of
412:
226:
1210:
54 BC: Marries Claudia, daughter of Appius Claudius Pulcher.
501:
Denarius of Brutus, 44 BC, depicting the personification of
5826:
5441:. Vol. 2. New York: American Philological Association.
5123:
5072:
4891:
4879:
4780:
4738:
4683:
4623:
4563:
4536:
4524:
4500:
2519:
1200:
85 BC: Brutus is born to Marcus Junius Brutus and Servilia.
232:
5392:
5390:
5330:
5328:
5315:
5313:
5215:
5213:
5101:
5099:
5050:
5048:
5046:
4973:
4971:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4809:
4807:
4770:
4768:
4755:
4753:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4553:
4551:
4490:
4488:
4473:
3659:
3647:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3225:
3213:
3168:
610:
In 52, in the aftermath of the death of his uncle-in-law,
337:
in October 42. After the defeat Brutus took his own life.
4463:
4461:
4448:
4446:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4404:
4402:
4389:
4387:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4254:
3296:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3115:
3020:
5237:
5152:
5150:
4647:
4218:
4206:
4170:
4158:
4148:
4146:
4133:
4131:
4118:
4116:
4091:
4089:
4051:
4049:
4047:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3968:
3966:
3938:
3936:
3923:
3921:
3862:
3800:
3798:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3727:
3237:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3052:
3050:
5387:
5325:
5310:
5225:
5210:
5135:
5096:
5084:
5060:
5043:
5031:
5019:
5007:
4995:
4983:
4968:
4956:
4944:
4927:
4915:
4903:
4867:
4855:
4843:
4831:
4819:
4804:
4792:
4765:
4750:
4726:
4714:
4695:
4671:
4659:
4635:
4611:
4599:
4587:
4575:
4548:
4512:
4485:
4061:
3630:
3249:
3062:
3037:
3035:
2473:
But by the time that Plutarch was actually writing his
5375:
5174:
4458:
4443:
4426:
4414:
4399:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4285:
4266:
3448:
Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
3201:
3180:
3151:
3139:
3127:
1123:
Brutus and his companions after the battle of Philippi
5198:
5186:
5162:
5147:
5111:
4242:
4230:
4194:
4182:
4143:
4128:
4113:
4101:
4086:
4044:
4019:
4007:
3995:
3978:
3963:
3933:
3918:
3890:
3850:
3810:
3795:
3768:
3751:
3739:
3683:
3599:
3571:
3358:
3346:
3103:
3074:
3047:
614:(brother of his wife's father), he wrote a pamphlet,
235:
4332:
3822:
3032:
2932:
The speech Brutus wrote for Milo is also called the
2898:, 324 says he was born ten years after the debut of
2560:
was executed in 1683 for allegedly plotting against
1203:
58 BC: Serves as assistant to Cato, the governor of
1094:
minor sacking cities which had aided their enemies.
559:
and his ambitions to rule alone or become dictator.
229:
223:
220:
5449:
The Noblest Roman: Marcus Brutus and His Reputation
3008:
1023:minted by Brutus in 43–42 BC. The daggers and
636:. Brutus also wrote for Milo, writing (a now lost)
217:
5290:Commentary and ideology: Dante in the Renaissance
3471:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
2488:
812:to cheering crowds, but later accepted the title
747:
695:before joining Pompey in winter 49 or spring 48.
584:, the king of Cappadocia, and one to the town of
381:Marcus Junius Brutus belonged to the illustrious
306:(15 March) of 44 BC. In a settlement between the
6762:
3314:
2766:Brutus is an occasional supporting character in
2550:allegedly to free Florence; the French pamphlet
913:. The text of that speech is lost. Dio says the
419:. He later served as legate in the rebellion of
850:Various plans were proposed – an ambush on the
718:. After Cato's suicide following defeat at the
5347:Dry, Murray; Storing, Herbert J, eds. (1985).
2835:song "Even You Brutus?" from their 2011 album
2518:notably placed Brutus in the lowest circle of
279:Early in his political career, Brutus opposed
16:Roman politician and assassin of Julius Caesar
6796:Ancient Roman politicians who died by suicide
6094:
5713:
5293:. Duke University Press. pp. 65, 82–83.
3441:
2841:makes reference to Brutus and Judas Iscariot.
2538:and the Christianised monarchies of his day.
1296:
1029:celebrate the assassination of Julius Caesar.
996:started to prepare in earnest for civil war.
5529:(in French). Rome: Ecole française de Rome.
3847:, p. 254 dates elevation to 51 BC.
5686:Digital Prosopography of the Roman Republic
5646:"Review of 'Brutus: the noble conspirator'"
5259:
3274:. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–87.
2933:
2657:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1352:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1262:on the ides of March. He leaves Italy for
1033:
145:
6101:
6087:
5720:
5706:
5346:
2378:And say to all the world "This was a man!"
2375:So mix'd in him that Nature might stand up
2363:Did that they did in envy of great Caesar;
1303:
1289:
1237:46 BC: Caesar appoints Brutus governor of
38:
5599:(4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
5526:Les proscriptions de la Rome républicaine
5433:
3844:
3721:
3513:Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte
3495:Chronology is against Caesar's paternity.
3267:
3255:
2998:
2677:Learn how and when to remove this message
2369:And common good to all, made one of them.
1372:Learn how and when to remove this message
1207:, helping him start his political career.
999:
643:In the late 50s, Brutus was elected as a
5694:on Livius.org (archived 6 December 2013)
5664:
5466:
5353:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
4653:
3701:
3677:
3641:
1118:
1015:
772:
757:
670:
630:, for which Cicero would write a speech
547:). He also made a second type featuring
496:
480:
373:, supposedly depicting Brutus' ancestor
362:
6806:Children of Servilia (mother of Brutus)
6345:Planned invasion of the Parthian Empire
5605:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.3440
5564:
5543:
5396:
5381:
5334:
5319:
5255:
5231:
5219:
5156:
5141:
5129:
5105:
5090:
5078:
5066:
5054:
5037:
5025:
5013:
5001:
4989:
4977:
4962:
4950:
4938:
4921:
4909:
4897:
4885:
4873:
4861:
4849:
4837:
4825:
4813:
4798:
4786:
4774:
4759:
4744:
4732:
4720:
4708:
4689:
4677:
4665:
4641:
4629:
4617:
4605:
4593:
4581:
4569:
4557:
4542:
4530:
4518:
4506:
4494:
4479:
4467:
4452:
4437:
4420:
4408:
4393:
4378:
4366:
4350:
4338:
4315:
4307:
4303:
4291:
4279:
4260:
4248:
4236:
4224:
4212:
4200:
4188:
4176:
4164:
4152:
4137:
4122:
4107:
4095:
4055:
4025:
4013:
4001:
3989:
3972:
3954:
3942:
3927:
3908:
3896:
3880:
3868:
3856:
3840:
3816:
3804:
3789:
3777:
3762:
3745:
3733:
3724:, p. 229 (dating of quaestorship).
3713:
3689:
3665:
3653:
3621:
3617:
3605:
3589:
3577:
3561:
3435:
3420:
3391:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5854
3364:
3352:
3243:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3195:
3174:
3162:
3145:
3133:
3121:
3109:
3097:
3068:
3056:
3041:
3026:
2972:
2958:
2907:
2731:. In the lead-up to the Ides of March,
2357:This was the noblest Roman of them all:
902:; Caesar's deputy in the dictatorship,
710:) for Cisalpine Gaul while he left for
605:
392:, who played a pivotal role during the
291:(49–45 BC). Pompey was defeated at the
6846:Suicides by sharp instrument in Greece
6763:
5594:
5522:
5487:
5445:
5286:
5243:
5204:
5192:
5180:
5168:
5117:
4067:
3549:
3376:
3302:
1221:, where his father-in-law is governor.
675:Marble bust, so-called Brutus, at the
658:In the political crisis running up to
411:in 83 BC, but he was targeted by
6082:
5727:
5701:
5439:The magistrates of the Roman republic
5412:
3828:
3014:
2939:
2618:
2372:His life was gentle, and the elements
2298:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2198:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2102:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2013:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1945:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1899:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1794:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1549:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
666:
474:
247:
6662:Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar
5667:The policy of Brutus the tyrannicide
5643:
5629:
5560:– via Perseus Digital Library.
3506:
3464:
3439:
2655:adding citations to reliable sources
2622:
2493:In the 12th century, English writer
2366:He only, in a general honest thought
1350:adding citations to reliable sources
1317:
898:. The conspirators travelled to the
5350:The anti-Federalist: an abridgement
3467:"Bastards in the Roman Aristocracy"
1244:45 BC: Caesar appoints him praetor
377:, who expelled the kings from Rome.
13:
5587:
3280:10.1093/oso/9780198829348.003.0004
2104:Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)
1266:in late August, thence travels to
1155:to adopt a strategy of attrition.
14:
6862:
6464:Ut est rerum omnium magister usus
6108:
5675:
5571:. London: Yale University Press.
5467:Crawford, Michael Hewson (1974).
3720:, 3.4.2 (relation to Appius) and
2861:does not make an appearance here.
2360:All the conspirators save only he
388:. Its semi-legendary founder was
249:[ˈmaːrkʊsjuːniʊsˈbruːtʊs]
48:, issued shortly before his death
6742:
6741:
5435:Broughton, Thomas Robert Shannon
5340:
5280:
5249:
4329:, 2.106–147; Cass. Dio, 44.9–19.
3537:Caesar is excluded by plain fact
3377:Flower, Harriet (7 March 2016).
2965:
2945:
2627:
2402:
1322:
863:
513:In 54 BC, Brutus served as
213:
5597:The Oxford classical dictionary
5446:Clarke, Martin Lowther (1981).
4344:
4297:
4073:
4031:
3902:
3874:
3843:, p. 53, noting also that
3834:
3707:
3695:
3671:
3611:
3583:
3555:
3500:
3458:
3429:
3370:
3308:
3261:
2926:
2913:
2577:
2412:, in his "Life of Brutus" from
1721:Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus
345:, with whom he is portrayed in
270:Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus
109:Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus
5492:. Cambridge University Press.
5473:. Cambridge University Press.
5260:Piccolomini, Manfredi (1991).
3883:, pp. 53–54, citing Cic.
2992:
2883:
2489:Medieval and Renaissance views
1487:Marcus Porcius Cato Licinianus
1480:Marcus Porcius Cato Salonianus
754:Assassination of Julius Caesar
748:Assassination of Julius Caesar
505:and Lucius Junius Brutus with
126:Assassination of Julius Caesar
117:Politician, orator and general
1:
5568:Brutus: the noble conspirator
2981:
2847:Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood
1251:44 BC: Caesar takes title of
1194:
948:
794:
358:
253:
71:23 October 42 BC (aged 42/43)
57:
6619:Gaius Julius Caesar (father)
6420:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
5452:. Cornell University Press.
4353:, p. 101, citing Suet.
3552:, pp. 185–186, 361–362.
2986:
2935:exercitatio Bruti pro Milone
2803:Asterix at the Olympic Games
2789:Asterix at the Olympic Games
2779:Asterix and Obelix vs Caesar
2526:) is personally tortured by
7:
6413:Commentarii de Bello Civili
5419:. Oxford University Press.
3383:Oxford Classical Dictionary
2865:
1144:Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
1108:
927:Publius Cornelius Dolabella
435:who was the half-sister of
10:
6867:
6801:Assassins of Julius Caesar
5766:On the Malice of Herodotus
5650:Bryn Mawr Classical Review
5639:. Oxford University Press.
5405:
4306:, pp. 3–4, citing at
3911:, p. 60, citing Cic.
3716:, p. 43, citing Cic.
3564:, p. 25, citing Cic.
2429:) and in support of Milo (
1112:
1009:
751:
677:Palazzo Massimo alle Terme
562:
18:
6836:Roman Republican praetors
6736:
6695:
6646:
6611:
6585:
6554:
6545:
6514:
6478:
6441:
6390:
6353:
6260:
6177:
6159:
6116:
6059:
6023:
5782:
5736:
5565:Tempest, Kathryn (2017).
5523:Hinard, François (1985).
3315:Valerius Maximus (2004).
2705:arrives at the island of
2553:Vindiciae contra tyrannos
2546:, killed his cousin Duke
2348:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2196:
2151:
2149:
2100:
2059:
2057:
2023:
2021:
2011:
2004:
2002:
1987:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1848:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1754:
1750:
1708:
1706:
1695:
1673:
1671:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1647:
1600:
1593:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1517:
1515:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1412:
1405:
1277:
462:acting at the bequest of
264:. After being adopted by
192:
172:
131:
121:
113:
105:
97:
87:
66:
53:
37:
30:
6501:Temple of Venus Genetrix
5644:Volk, Katharina (2018).
5498:10.1017/CBO9780511610592
5488:Gowing, Alain M (2005).
5470:Roman republican coinage
5287:Parker, Deborah (1993).
2877:
2854:Assassin's Creed Origins
1604:Quintus Servilius Caepio
1043:at the end of the year.
1034:Preparations in the East
448:Quintus Servilius Caepio
329:and Octavian fought the
6826:Roman consuls designate
6024:Translators and editors
5665:Wistrand, Erik (1981).
3271:Servilia and her Family
2293:Manius Aemilius Lepidus
1884:Gnaeus Servilius Caepio
1255:. Brutus and the other
904:Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
880:Lucius Cornelius Balbus
845:Servius Sulpicius Galba
841:Publius Servilius Casca
714:in pursuit of Cato and
681:National Museum of Rome
612:Publius Clodius Pulcher
569:Appius Claudius Pulcher
464:Publius Clodius Pulcher
421:Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
21:Brutus (disambiguation)
6791:Ancient Roman generals
6786:Ancient Roman adoptees
6682:Julio-Claudian dynasty
6506:Caesar's Rhine bridges
6433:Poems by Julius Caesar
6399:Laudatio Iuliae amitae
6375:Constitutional reforms
6362:Lex Julia de maiestate
5258:, p. 218, citing
3887:, 3.11.1–3 and 3.12.1.
2956:
2934:
2584:Anti-Federalist Papers
2497:, who owned a copy of
2382:
2015:Gaius Cassius Longinus
1869:Decimus Junius Silanus
1124:
1030:
822:Gaius Cassius Longinus
787:
770:
683:
539:and maternal ancestor
521:Quintus Pompeius Rufus
510:
494:
427:in 77. He had married
378:
315:Gaius Cassius Longinus
146:
6124:Early life and career
3620:, p. 40, citing
3507:Syme, Ronald (1980).
3465:Syme, Ronald (1960).
3443:"Servilius 101"
2952:
2833:Red Hot Chili Peppers
2770:comics, most notably
2534:with its fusion with
2353:
1122:
1113:Further information:
1019:
1012:Liberators' civil war
833:Decimus Junius Brutus
776:
761:
674:
541:Gaius Servilius Ahala
500:
491:Gaius Servilius Ahala
484:
366:
6771:Marcus Junius Brutus
6723:Marcus Junius Brutus
6634:Julia Minor (sister)
6629:Julia Major (sister)
6227:Invasions of Britain
6144:Crossing the Rubicon
5682:Marcus Junius Brutus
5636:The Roman revolution
3509:"No Son for Caesar?"
2742:Fortune's Favourites
2651:improve this section
2544:Lorenzino de' Medici
1991:Marcus Junius Brutus
1854:Marcus Junius Brutus
1612:Marcus Livius Drusus
1494:Marcus Livius Drusus
1346:improve this section
1133:Lucius Staius Murcus
858:Nicolaus of Damascus
708:legatus pro praetore
606:Opposition to Pompey
537:Lucius Junius Brutus
487:Lucius Junius Brutus
409:tribune of the plebs
390:Lucius Junius Brutus
375:Lucius Junius Brutus
245:Latin pronunciation:
209:Marcus Junius Brutus
32:Marcus Junius Brutus
6851:Traitors in history
6562:Cossutia (disputed)
5799:Alexander the Great
5132:, pp. 216–217.
5081:, pp. 248–258.
4900:, pp. 189–191.
4888:, pp. 183–184.
4789:, pp. 244–245.
4747:, pp. 243–244.
4692:, pp. 144–146.
4632:, pp. 134–135.
4572:, pp. 126–127.
4545:, pp. 116–117.
4533:, pp. 119–120.
4509:, pp. 114–115.
4482:, pp. 112–113.
3305:, pp. 361–362.
3222:, pp. 229–230.
3177:, pp. 200–208.
3029:, pp. 25, 150.
2910:, pp. 262–263.
2904:Velleius Paterculus
2729:Battle of Pharsalus
2431:Pro T. Annio Milone
2427:De dictatura Pompei
1977:Marcus Porcius Cato
1589:Marcus Porcius Cato
933:on the Capitoline.
803:Caesar deposed two
779:The Death of Caesar
616:De Dictatura Pompei
398:Tarquinius Superbus
293:Battle of Pharsalus
268:, he used the name
88:Cause of death
6841:Servilii Caepiones
6816:Last of the Romans
6603:Augustus (adopted)
6527:Chiaramonti Caesar
6305:Battle of the Nile
6161:Military campaigns
6139:Caesar's civil war
6036:Arthur Hugh Clough
5669:. Goteborg: Kungl.
5544:Plutarch (1918) .
4263:, pp. 99–100.
3440:Fluß, Max (1923).
3124:, pp. 97–104.
2721:Colleen McCullough
2699:Gulliver's Travels
2619:In popular culture
2468:Seneca the Younger
1311:Brutus family tree
1260:assassinate Caesar
1125:
1115:Battle of Philippi
1088:Second Triumvirate
1031:
1021:Ides of March coin
788:
771:
767:Vincenzo Camuccini
688:Caesar's Civil War
684:
667:Caesar's civil war
660:Caesar's Civil War
653:Quintus Hortensius
638:pro T Annio Milone
516:triumvir monetalis
511:
495:
476:Triumvir monetalis
433:Servilii Caepiones
423:and was killed by
379:
46:Ides of March coin
6758:
6757:
6642:
6641:
6522:Tusculum portrait
6381:Dictator perpetuo
6340:
6339:
6232:Ambiorix's revolt
6129:First Triumvirate
6117:Major life events
6076:
6075:
6063:Comparison extant
5993:Tiberius Gracchus
5759:De genio Socratis
5614:978-0-19-954556-8
5578:978-0-300-18009-1
5480:978-0-521-07492-6
5459:978-0-801-41393-3
5426:978-0-19-964189-5
5360:978-0-226-77562-3
5300:978-0-8223-1281-9
5273:978-0-8093-1649-6
4227:, pp. 97–98.
4215:, pp. 95–99.
4179:, pp. 89–90.
4167:, pp. 87–88.
4070:, pp. 29–30.
3871:, pp. 43–44.
3792:, pp. 48–49.
3736:, pp. 42–43.
3289:978-0-19-186792-7
3246:, pp. 17–18.
3071:, pp. 58–59.
2809:In the TV series
2798:Benoît Poelvoorde
2760:The October Horse
2687:
2686:
2679:
2590:Conyers Middleton
2495:John of Salisbury
2479:Pliny the Younger
2449:Forum of Augustus
2425:'s dictatorship (
2346:
2345:
2335:
2334:
2308:
2307:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1253:dictator perpetuo
814:dictator perpetuo
805:plebeian tribunes
720:battle of Thapsus
628:Titus Annius Milo
626:, which targeted
624:lex Pompeia de vi
466:, as governor of
405:homonymous father
370:Capitoline Brutus
289:ensuing civil war
206:
205:
61: 85 BC
6858:
6745:
6744:
6667:Temple of Caesar
6624:Aurelia (mother)
6552:
6551:
6457:Veni, vidi, vici
6175:
6174:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6080:
6079:
6046:Philemon Holland
5935:Cato the Younger
5815:Aratus of Sicyon
5722:
5715:
5708:
5699:
5698:
5670:
5661:
5640:
5626:
5582:
5561:
5546:"Life of Brutus"
5540:
5519:
5484:
5463:
5442:
5430:
5400:
5394:
5385:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5323:
5317:
5308:
5307:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5253:
5247:
5246:, p. 86–87.
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5190:
5184:
5178:
5172:
5166:
5160:
5154:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5127:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5103:
5094:
5088:
5082:
5076:
5070:
5064:
5058:
5052:
5041:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5017:
5011:
5005:
4999:
4993:
4987:
4981:
4975:
4966:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4942:
4936:
4925:
4919:
4913:
4907:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4763:
4757:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4693:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4555:
4546:
4540:
4534:
4528:
4522:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4492:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4456:
4450:
4441:
4435:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4397:
4391:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4174:
4168:
4162:
4156:
4150:
4141:
4135:
4126:
4120:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4084:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4042:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3976:
3970:
3961:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3931:
3925:
3916:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3766:
3760:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3628:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3587:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3445:
3433:
3427:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3045:
3039:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3006:
2996:
2976:
2969:
2963:
2949:
2943:
2937:
2930:
2924:
2917:
2911:
2902:, in 95 BC, but
2887:
2682:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2662:
2631:
2623:
2603:The influential
2460:Valerius Maximus
2395:
2323:(2): 2nd spouse
2318:(1): 1st spouse
2315:
2314:
2194:
1726:
1699:Cato the Younger
1389:
1388:
1377:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1326:
1318:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1141:
1005:
983:the side of the
784:Jean-Léon Gérôme
620:Cato the Younger
437:Cato the Younger
255:
251:
246:
242:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
197:M. Junius Brutus
163:Consul designate
152:
106:Other names
72:
62:
59:
42:
28:
27:
6866:
6865:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6831:Roman quaestors
6761:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6732:
6728:Curia of Pompey
6691:
6638:
6607:
6581:
6541:
6510:
6486:Forum of Caesar
6474:
6437:
6386:
6349:
6336:
6295:Alexandrian war
6256:
6173:
6155:
6112:
6107:
6077:
6072:
6055:
6019:
6006:Aemilius Paulus
5778:
5774:Pseudo-Plutarch
5732:
5726:
5678:
5673:
5615:
5590:
5588:Further reading
5585:
5579:
5537:
5508:
5481:
5460:
5427:
5408:
5403:
5395:
5388:
5380:
5376:
5361:
5345:
5341:
5333:
5326:
5318:
5311:
5301:
5285:
5281:
5274:
5254:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5230:
5226:
5218:
5211:
5203:
5199:
5191:
5187:
5179:
5175:
5167:
5163:
5155:
5148:
5140:
5136:
5128:
5124:
5116:
5112:
5104:
5097:
5089:
5085:
5077:
5073:
5065:
5061:
5053:
5044:
5036:
5032:
5024:
5020:
5012:
5008:
5000:
4996:
4988:
4984:
4976:
4969:
4961:
4957:
4949:
4945:
4937:
4928:
4920:
4916:
4908:
4904:
4896:
4892:
4884:
4880:
4872:
4868:
4860:
4856:
4848:
4844:
4836:
4832:
4824:
4820:
4812:
4805:
4797:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4773:
4766:
4758:
4751:
4743:
4739:
4731:
4727:
4719:
4715:
4707:
4696:
4688:
4684:
4676:
4672:
4664:
4660:
4652:
4648:
4640:
4636:
4628:
4624:
4616:
4612:
4604:
4600:
4592:
4588:
4584:, pp. 127.
4580:
4576:
4568:
4564:
4556:
4549:
4541:
4537:
4529:
4525:
4521:, pp. 119.
4517:
4513:
4505:
4501:
4493:
4486:
4478:
4474:
4466:
4459:
4451:
4444:
4436:
4427:
4419:
4415:
4407:
4400:
4392:
4385:
4377:
4373:
4365:
4361:
4349:
4345:
4337:
4333:
4302:
4298:
4290:
4286:
4278:
4267:
4259:
4255:
4247:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4223:
4219:
4211:
4207:
4199:
4195:
4187:
4183:
4175:
4171:
4163:
4159:
4151:
4144:
4136:
4129:
4121:
4114:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4087:
4078:
4074:
4066:
4062:
4054:
4045:
4036:
4032:
4024:
4020:
4012:
4008:
4000:
3996:
3988:
3979:
3971:
3964:
3953:
3949:
3941:
3934:
3926:
3919:
3907:
3903:
3895:
3891:
3879:
3875:
3867:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3839:
3835:
3827:
3823:
3815:
3811:
3803:
3796:
3788:
3784:
3776:
3769:
3761:
3752:
3744:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3712:
3708:
3700:
3696:
3688:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3664:
3660:
3652:
3648:
3640:
3631:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3572:
3560:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3505:
3501:
3463:
3459:
3434:
3430:
3419:
3415:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3329:
3313:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3266:
3262:
3254:
3250:
3242:
3238:
3230:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3202:
3194:
3181:
3173:
3169:
3161:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3120:
3116:
3112:, pp. 1–3.
3108:
3104:
3096:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3013:
3009:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2970:
2966:
2961:, p. 150.
2950:
2946:
2931:
2927:
2921:Ariobarzanes II
2918:
2914:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2868:
2844:The video game
2819:, portrayed by
2773:Asterix and Son
2716:Masters of Rome
2683:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2648:
2632:
2621:
2609:Theodor Mommsen
2605:History of Rome
2580:
2558:Algernon Sidney
2510:Dante Alighieri
2491:
2405:
2397:
2384:
2381:
2351:
2328:†: assassin of
2309:
2186:
2184:
1724:
1719:
1378:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1343:
1327:
1312:
1309:
1280:
1197:
1135:
1117:
1111:
1036:
1014:
1008:
1003:
951:
900:Capitoline hill
866:
837:Gaius Trebonius
810:Marcus Antonius
797:
763:Death of Caesar
756:
750:
716:Metellus Scipio
693:Publius Sestius
669:
608:
567:Brutus married
565:
545:Spurius Maelius
479:
361:
347:Dante Alighieri
244:
216:
212:
188:
168:
159:(43–42 BC)
142:(47–45 BC)
83:
73:
70:
60:
49:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6864:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6687:Caesar (title)
6684:
6679:
6674:
6672:Caesar's Comet
6669:
6664:
6659:
6655:Life of Caesar
6650:
6648:
6644:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6615:
6613:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6589:
6587:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6549:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6496:Basilica Julia
6493:
6488:
6482:
6480:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6467:
6460:
6453:
6450:Alea iacta est
6445:
6443:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6435:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6377:
6372:
6365:
6357:
6355:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6302:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6266:
6264:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6183:
6181:
6172:
6171:
6165:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6120:
6118:
6114:
6113:
6106:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6083:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6070:
6066:Four unpaired
6064:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6027:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6008:
5999:
5997:Gaius Gracchus
5982:
5973:
5964:
5955:
5946:
5937:
5928:
5919:
5910:
5901:
5892:
5883:
5874:
5865:
5856:
5847:
5838:
5836:Cato the Elder
5829:
5812:
5796:
5786:
5784:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5762:
5748:
5745:Parallel Lives
5740:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5725:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5702:
5696:
5695:
5689:
5677:
5676:External links
5674:
5672:
5671:
5662:
5641:
5627:
5613:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5577:
5562:
5550:Parallel Lives
5541:
5535:
5520:
5506:
5485:
5479:
5464:
5458:
5443:
5431:
5425:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5399:, p. 220.
5386:
5374:
5359:
5339:
5337:, p. 231.
5324:
5322:, p. 230.
5309:
5299:
5279:
5272:
5248:
5236:
5234:, p. 215.
5224:
5222:, p. 219.
5209:
5197:
5185:
5183:, p. 145.
5173:
5161:
5146:
5144:, p. 175.
5134:
5122:
5110:
5108:, p. 213.
5095:
5093:, p. 211.
5083:
5071:
5069:, p. 209.
5059:
5057:, p. 207.
5042:
5040:, p. 206.
5030:
5028:, p. 205.
5018:
5016:, p. 204.
5006:
5004:, p. 203.
4994:
4992:, p. 202.
4982:
4980:, p. 201.
4967:
4965:, p. 200.
4955:
4953:, p. 198.
4943:
4941:, p. 197.
4926:
4924:, p. 193.
4914:
4912:, p. 191.
4902:
4890:
4878:
4876:, p. 182.
4866:
4864:, p. 179.
4854:
4852:, p. 178.
4842:
4840:, p. 177.
4830:
4828:, p. 171.
4818:
4816:, p. 245.
4803:
4801:, p. 170.
4791:
4779:
4777:, p. 166.
4764:
4762:, p. 244.
4749:
4737:
4735:, p. 161.
4725:
4723:, p. 150.
4713:
4711:, p. 243.
4694:
4682:
4680:, p. 142.
4670:
4668:, p. 140.
4658:
4656:, p. 518.
4646:
4644:, p. 137.
4634:
4622:
4620:, p. 133.
4610:
4608:, p. 132.
4598:
4596:, p. 129.
4586:
4574:
4562:
4560:, p. 124.
4547:
4535:
4523:
4511:
4499:
4497:, p. 114.
4484:
4472:
4470:, p. 113.
4457:
4455:, p. 106.
4442:
4440:, p. 110.
4425:
4423:, p. 109.
4413:
4411:, p. 108.
4398:
4396:, p. 107.
4383:
4381:, p. 103.
4371:
4369:, p. 102.
4359:
4343:
4331:
4325:, 76–85; App.
4321:, 8–20; Suet.
4296:
4294:, p. 101.
4284:
4282:, p. 100.
4265:
4253:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4169:
4157:
4142:
4127:
4112:
4100:
4085:
4072:
4060:
4043:
4030:
4018:
4006:
3994:
3977:
3962:
3947:
3932:
3917:
3901:
3889:
3873:
3861:
3849:
3845:Broughton 1952
3833:
3831:, p. 319.
3821:
3809:
3794:
3782:
3767:
3750:
3738:
3726:
3722:Broughton 1952
3706:
3694:
3682:
3670:
3658:
3646:
3644:, p. 455.
3629:
3610:
3598:
3582:
3570:
3554:
3542:
3499:
3457:
3428:
3413:
3400:978-0199381135
3399:
3369:
3357:
3345:
3327:
3307:
3295:
3288:
3260:
3256:Broughton 1952
3248:
3236:
3224:
3212:
3210:, p. 218.
3200:
3198:, p. 208.
3179:
3167:
3165:, p. 169.
3150:
3148:, p. 117.
3138:
3136:, p. 241.
3126:
3114:
3102:
3100:, p. 239.
3073:
3061:
3059:, p. 238.
3046:
3031:
3019:
3017:, p. 317.
3007:
2999:Broughton 1952
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2975:, p. 168.
2964:
2944:
2942:, p. 320.
2925:
2912:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2842:
2830:
2824:
2821:Tobias Menzies
2807:
2764:
2748:Caesar's Women
2711:
2692:Jonathan Swift
2685:
2684:
2635:
2633:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2579:
2576:
2524:Judas Iscariot
2503:Thomas Aquinas
2490:
2487:
2475:Life of Brutus
2415:Parallel Lives
2404:
2401:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2300:Aemilia Lepida
2297:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1409:Cato the Elder
1406:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1330:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1249:
1242:
1239:Cisalpine Gaul
1235:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1211:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1110:
1107:
1086:, forming the
1068:Quintus Pedius
1035:
1032:
1010:Main article:
1007:
998:
950:
947:
865:
862:
796:
793:
752:Main article:
749:
746:
668:
665:
607:
604:
564:
561:
529:Pompeius Rufus
489:(obverse) and
478:
473:
452:Vettius affair
360:
357:
343:Judas Iscariot
204:
203:
194:
190:
189:
187:
186:
180:
176:
174:
170:
169:
167:
166:
160:
154:
143:
140:Cisalpine Gaul
135:
133:
129:
128:
123:
122:Known for
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
74:
68:
64:
63:
55:
51:
50:
44:Brutus on the
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6863:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6751:
6750:
6746:
6739:
6738:
6735:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6645:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6584:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6544:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6440:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6383:
6382:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6370:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6352:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6170:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6151:Assassination
6149:
6145:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6110:Julius Caesar
6104:
6099:
6097:
6092:
6090:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6069:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6031:Jacques Amyot
6029:
6028:
6026:
6022:
6016:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5803:Julius Caesar
5800:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5781:
5775:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5723:
5718:
5716:
5711:
5709:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5668:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5642:
5638:
5637:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5593:
5592:
5580:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5542:
5538:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5507:0-511-12792-8
5503:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5398:
5393:
5391:
5384:, p. 10.
5383:
5378:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5343:
5336:
5331:
5329:
5321:
5316:
5314:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5283:
5275:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5257:
5252:
5245:
5240:
5233:
5228:
5221:
5216:
5214:
5207:, p. 55.
5206:
5201:
5195:, p. 26.
5194:
5189:
5182:
5177:
5171:, p. 80.
5170:
5165:
5158:
5153:
5151:
5143:
5138:
5131:
5126:
5120:, p. 79.
5119:
5114:
5107:
5102:
5100:
5092:
5087:
5080:
5075:
5068:
5063:
5056:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5039:
5034:
5027:
5022:
5015:
5010:
5003:
4998:
4991:
4986:
4979:
4974:
4972:
4964:
4959:
4952:
4947:
4940:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4923:
4918:
4911:
4906:
4899:
4894:
4887:
4882:
4875:
4870:
4863:
4858:
4851:
4846:
4839:
4834:
4827:
4822:
4815:
4810:
4808:
4800:
4795:
4788:
4783:
4776:
4771:
4769:
4761:
4756:
4754:
4746:
4741:
4734:
4729:
4722:
4717:
4710:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4691:
4686:
4679:
4674:
4667:
4662:
4655:
4654:Crawford 1974
4650:
4643:
4638:
4631:
4626:
4619:
4614:
4607:
4602:
4595:
4590:
4583:
4578:
4571:
4566:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4544:
4539:
4532:
4527:
4520:
4515:
4508:
4503:
4496:
4491:
4489:
4481:
4476:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4454:
4449:
4447:
4439:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4422:
4417:
4410:
4405:
4403:
4395:
4390:
4388:
4380:
4375:
4368:
4363:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4340:
4335:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4293:
4288:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4262:
4257:
4251:, p. 99.
4250:
4245:
4239:, p. 98.
4238:
4233:
4226:
4221:
4214:
4209:
4203:, p. 93.
4202:
4197:
4191:, p. 91.
4190:
4185:
4178:
4173:
4166:
4161:
4155:, p. 82.
4154:
4149:
4147:
4140:, p. 81.
4139:
4134:
4132:
4125:, p. 87.
4124:
4119:
4117:
4110:, p. 86.
4109:
4104:
4098:, p. 84.
4097:
4092:
4090:
4082:
4076:
4069:
4064:
4058:, p. 76.
4057:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4040:
4034:
4028:, p. 75.
4027:
4022:
4016:, p. 74.
4015:
4010:
4004:, p. 71.
4003:
3998:
3992:, p. 70.
3991:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3975:, p. 63.
3974:
3969:
3967:
3959:
3958:
3951:
3945:, p. 61.
3944:
3939:
3937:
3930:, p. 60.
3929:
3924:
3922:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3899:, p. 59.
3898:
3893:
3886:
3882:
3877:
3870:
3865:
3859:, p. 53.
3858:
3853:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3830:
3825:
3819:, p. 52.
3818:
3813:
3807:, p. 51.
3806:
3801:
3799:
3791:
3786:
3780:, p. 47.
3779:
3774:
3772:
3765:, p. 46.
3764:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3748:, p. 45.
3747:
3742:
3735:
3730:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3703:
3702:Crawford 1974
3698:
3692:, p. 41.
3691:
3686:
3679:
3678:Crawford 1974
3674:
3667:
3662:
3655:
3650:
3643:
3642:Crawford 1974
3638:
3636:
3634:
3626:
3625:
3619:
3614:
3608:, p. 40.
3607:
3602:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3580:, p. 36.
3579:
3574:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3551:
3546:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3437:
3432:
3425:
3424:
3417:
3402:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3367:, p. 25.
3366:
3361:
3355:, p. 24.
3354:
3349:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3328:0-87220-675-0
3324:
3320:
3319:
3311:
3304:
3299:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3264:
3258:, p. 63.
3257:
3252:
3245:
3240:
3233:
3228:
3221:
3216:
3209:
3204:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3171:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3106:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3070:
3065:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3044:, p. 50.
3043:
3038:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3016:
3011:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2916:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2784:Didier Cauchy
2781:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2678:
2670:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2636:This section
2634:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:Edward Gibbon
2591:
2587:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2571:Julius Caesar
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2403:Ancient views
2400:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:Julius Caesar
2387:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2266:
2263:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2193:
2189:
2185:Descendant of
2158:
2156:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2098:
2097:Junia Secunda
2066:
2064:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2000:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1911:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1878:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1837:
1834:
1826:
1824:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1790:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1700:
1692:
1680:
1678:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1605:
1598:
1590:
1574:
1571:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1535:
1527:
1525:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1465:
1463:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1402:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1373:
1365:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1331:This section
1329:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1129:Sextus Pompey
1121:
1116:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1070:, passed the
1069:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1002:
997:
995:
989:
986:
980:
978:
977:Tarpeian Rock
974:
968:
964:
962:
957:
946:
944:
938:
934:
932:
928:
924:
923:Sextus Pompey
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
901:
897:
891:
889:
885:
884:kai su teknon
881:
877:
876:
875:kai su teknon
870:
864:Ides of March
861:
859:
855:
854:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
829:
825:
823:
817:
815:
811:
806:
801:
792:
785:
781:
780:
775:
768:
765:(1804–05) by
764:
760:
755:
745:
742:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
703:
701:
696:
694:
689:
682:
678:
673:
664:
661:
656:
654:
650:
646:
641:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
603:
600:
595:
589:
587:
583:
578:
577:proconsulship
574:
570:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
517:
508:
504:
499:
492:
488:
483:
477:
472:
469:
465:
461:
456:
453:
449:
444:
442:
441:Julius Caesar
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
384:
376:
372:
371:
365:
356:
354:
353:
348:
344:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
304:Ides of March
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:Julius Caesar
259:
258:the assassins
250:
240:
210:
202:
198:
195:
191:
185:
181:
178:
177:
175:
171:
164:
161:
158:
155:
151:
149:
144:
141:
137:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
116:
114:Occupation(s)
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
69:
65:
56:
52:
47:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
6781:42 BC deaths
6776:85 BC births
6747:
6740:
6722:
6654:
6532:Green Caesar
6462:
6455:
6448:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6379:
6367:
6360:
6067:
6051:Thomas North
6011:Themistocles
5962:Gaius Marius
5871:
5806:
5750:
5743:
5666:
5649:
5635:
5631:Syme, Ronald
5596:
5567:
5549:
5525:
5489:
5469:
5448:
5438:
5415:
5397:Tempest 2017
5382:Tempest 2017
5377:
5349:
5342:
5335:Tempest 2017
5320:Tempest 2017
5304:
5289:
5282:
5262:
5256:Tempest 2017
5251:
5239:
5232:Tempest 2017
5227:
5220:Tempest 2017
5200:
5188:
5176:
5164:
5159:, p. 5.
5157:Tempest 2017
5142:Tempest 2017
5137:
5130:Tempest 2017
5125:
5113:
5106:Tempest 2017
5091:Tempest 2017
5086:
5079:Tempest 2017
5074:
5067:Tempest 2017
5062:
5055:Tempest 2017
5038:Tempest 2017
5033:
5026:Tempest 2017
5021:
5014:Tempest 2017
5009:
5002:Tempest 2017
4997:
4990:Tempest 2017
4985:
4978:Tempest 2017
4963:Tempest 2017
4958:
4951:Tempest 2017
4946:
4939:Tempest 2017
4922:Tempest 2017
4917:
4910:Tempest 2017
4905:
4898:Tempest 2017
4893:
4886:Tempest 2017
4881:
4874:Tempest 2017
4869:
4862:Tempest 2017
4857:
4850:Tempest 2017
4845:
4838:Tempest 2017
4833:
4826:Tempest 2017
4821:
4814:Tempest 2017
4799:Tempest 2017
4794:
4787:Tempest 2017
4782:
4775:Tempest 2017
4760:Tempest 2017
4745:Tempest 2017
4740:
4733:Tempest 2017
4728:
4721:Tempest 2017
4716:
4709:Tempest 2017
4690:Tempest 2017
4685:
4678:Tempest 2017
4673:
4666:Tempest 2017
4661:
4649:
4642:Tempest 2017
4637:
4630:Tempest 2017
4625:
4618:Tempest 2017
4613:
4606:Tempest 2017
4601:
4594:Tempest 2017
4589:
4582:Tempest 2017
4577:
4570:Tempest 2017
4565:
4558:Tempest 2017
4543:Tempest 2017
4538:
4531:Tempest 2017
4526:
4519:Tempest 2017
4514:
4507:Tempest 2017
4502:
4495:Tempest 2017
4480:Tempest 2017
4475:
4468:Tempest 2017
4453:Tempest 2017
4438:Tempest 2017
4421:Tempest 2017
4416:
4409:Tempest 2017
4394:Tempest 2017
4379:Tempest 2017
4374:
4367:Tempest 2017
4362:
4354:
4351:Tempest 2017
4346:
4341:, p. 3.
4339:Tempest 2017
4334:
4326:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4308:Tempest 2017
4304:Tempest 2017
4299:
4292:Tempest 2017
4287:
4280:Tempest 2017
4261:Tempest 2017
4256:
4249:Tempest 2017
4244:
4237:Tempest 2017
4232:
4225:Tempest 2017
4220:
4213:Tempest 2017
4208:
4201:Tempest 2017
4196:
4189:Tempest 2017
4184:
4177:Tempest 2017
4172:
4165:Tempest 2017
4160:
4153:Tempest 2017
4138:Tempest 2017
4123:Tempest 2017
4108:Tempest 2017
4103:
4096:Tempest 2017
4080:
4075:
4063:
4056:Tempest 2017
4038:
4033:
4026:Tempest 2017
4021:
4014:Tempest 2017
4009:
4002:Tempest 2017
3997:
3990:Tempest 2017
3973:Tempest 2017
3956:
3950:
3943:Tempest 2017
3928:Tempest 2017
3912:
3909:Tempest 2017
3904:
3897:Tempest 2017
3892:
3884:
3881:Tempest 2017
3876:
3869:Tempest 2017
3864:
3857:Tempest 2017
3852:
3841:Tempest 2017
3836:
3824:
3817:Tempest 2017
3812:
3805:Tempest 2017
3790:Tempest 2017
3785:
3778:Tempest 2017
3763:Tempest 2017
3746:Tempest 2017
3741:
3734:Tempest 2017
3729:
3717:
3714:Tempest 2017
3709:
3697:
3690:Tempest 2017
3685:
3673:
3666:Tempest 2017
3661:
3654:Tempest 2017
3649:
3623:
3618:Tempest 2017
3613:
3606:Tempest 2017
3601:
3593:
3590:Tempest 2017
3585:
3578:Tempest 2017
3573:
3565:
3562:Tempest 2017
3557:
3545:
3536:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3494:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3447:
3436:Tempest 2017
3431:
3422:
3416:
3404:. Retrieved
3382:
3372:
3365:Tempest 2017
3360:
3353:Tempest 2017
3348:
3340:
3317:
3310:
3298:
3270:
3263:
3251:
3244:Tempest 2017
3239:
3232:Tempest 2017
3227:
3220:Tempest 2017
3215:
3208:Tempest 2017
3203:
3196:Tempest 2017
3175:Tempest 2017
3170:
3163:Tempest 2017
3146:Tempest 2017
3141:
3134:Tempest 2017
3129:
3122:Tempest 2017
3117:
3110:Tempest 2017
3105:
3098:Tempest 2017
3069:Tempest 2017
3064:
3057:Tempest 2017
3042:Tempest 2017
3027:Tempest 2017
3022:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2973:Tempest 2017
2967:
2959:Tempest 2017
2957:
2953:
2947:
2928:
2915:
2908:Tempest 2017
2893:
2885:
2858:
2852:
2845:
2838:I'm with You
2836:
2810:
2801:
2787:
2777:
2771:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2714:
2707:Glubbdubdrib
2673:
2664:
2649:Please help
2637:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2588:
2581:
2578:Modern views
2569:
2551:
2540:
2536:Christianity
2532:Roman Empire
2513:
2508:
2498:
2492:
2474:
2472:
2453:
2441:Augustan age
2434:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2394:, 5.5.69–76.
2389:
2383:
2340:
2008:Junia Tertia
1990:
1368:
1359:
1344:Please help
1332:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1215:Quaestorship
1185:
1180:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1126:
1104:
1096:
1092:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1064:
1060:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1024:
1000:
993:
990:
984:
981:
973:Gaius Marius
969:
965:
960:
955:
952:
939:
935:
930:
918:
914:
910:
908:
892:
887:
883:
874:
871:
867:
851:
849:
830:
826:
818:
813:
802:
798:
789:
777:
762:
743:
732:
727:
723:
707:
704:
697:
685:
657:
644:
642:
637:
631:
623:
615:
609:
598:
593:
590:
582:Ariobarzanes
566:
514:
512:
475:
457:
445:
439:, and later
417:proscription
402:
380:
368:
350:
339:
330:
312:
307:
299:
297:
278:
273:
269:
208:
207:
165:(41 BC)
153:(44 BC)
25:
6811:Junii Bruti
6708:Mark Antony
6657:by Plutarch
6491:Curia Julia
6427:De analogia
6354:Legislation
6285:Dyrrhachium
6252:Uxellodunum
6179:Gallic Wars
6134:Gallic wars
6041:John Dryden
5922:Philopoemen
5859:Demosthenes
5244:Clarke 1981
5205:Gowing 2005
5193:Gowing 2005
5181:Gowing 2005
5169:Clarke 1981
5118:Clarke 1981
4068:Clarke 1981
3550:Hinard 1985
3303:Hinard 1985
2859:Brotherhood
2782:(played by
2598:Ronald Syme
2566:Shakespeare
2436:De Officiis
2386:Shakespeare
1999:Junia Prima
1725:adopted son
1362:April 2015
1257:liberatores
1160:liberatores
1153:liberatores
1148:liberatores
1136: [
1078:in absentia
1001:Liberatores
994:liberatores
985:liberatores
961:liberatores
956:liberatores
931:liberatores
919:liberatores
915:liberatores
663:civil war.
599:lex Gabinia
594:lex Gabinia
415:during his
331:liberatores
327:Mark Antony
308:liberatores
300:liberatores
179:(1) Claudia
98:Nationality
6765:Categories
6703:Julia gens
6537:Arles bust
6470:Last words
6369:Lex Roscia
6275:Brundisium
5926:Flamininus
5819:Artaxerxes
5794:Coriolanus
5790:Alcibiades
5536:2728300941
3829:Balbo 2013
3668:, Plate 4.
3656:, Plate 5.
3519:(4): 426.
3477:(3): 326.
3452:Wikisource
3379:"Servilia"
3234:, Plate 3.
3015:Balbo 2013
2982:References
2940:Balbo 2013
2900:Hortensius
2872:Junia gens
2719:novels of
2562:Charles II
2548:Alessandro
2499:De Officis
1234:by Caesar.
1195:Chronology
1048:Phillipics
1041:quaestores
949:Settlement
795:Conspiracy
782:(1867) by
633:pro Milone
493:(reverse).
386:gens Junia
359:Early life
266:a relative
138:Governor,
6821:Optimates
6713:Cleopatra
6677:Caesarism
6598:Caesarion
6577:Calpurnia
6515:Portraits
6479:Buildings
6290:Pharsalus
6270:Corfinium
6262:Civil War
6217:Octodurus
5989:Cleomenes
5976:Sertorius
5949:Poplicola
5944:Agesilaus
5917:Marcellus
5913:Pelopidas
5850:Demetrius
5832:Aristides
5728:Works of
5658:1055-7660
5623:959667246
5516:252514679
5369:698669562
4314:, 60–68;
3915:, 8.14.2.
3596:, 2.24.3.
3568:, 2.24.3.
3525:0018-2311
3483:0003-049X
2987:Citations
2919:Possibly
2827:The Hives
2737:Trebonius
2667:July 2024
2638:does not
1333:does not
1268:Macedonia
1083:lex Titia
1073:lex Pedia
1006:civil war
896:Calpurnia
853:via sacra
728:clementia
700:Pharsalus
531:) on his
394:overthrow
193:Parent(s)
157:Proconsul
81:Macedonia
6749:Category
6718:Servilia
6586:Children
6567:Cornelia
6406:Anticato
6242:Gergovia
6237:Avaricum
6222:Morbihan
6212:Atuatuci
6192:Bibracte
6169:Mytilene
6015:Camillus
6002:Timoleon
5908:Lycurgus
5895:Lysander
5886:Lucullus
5881:Pericles
5730:Plutarch
5633:(1939).
5558:40115288
5437:(1952).
4357:, 81–82.
3627:, 3.1–4.
3337:53231884
2866:See also
2703:Gulliver
2694:'s 1726
2456:Tiberius
2445:Augustus
2410:Plutarch
1877:Servilia
1862:Servilia
1232:pardoned
1189:Servilia
1177:Plutarch
1109:Philippi
645:pontifex
573:quaestor
549:Libertas
503:Libertas
429:Servilia
403:Brutus'
383:plebeian
335:Philippi
319:Octavian
201:Servilia
77:Philippi
6696:Related
6572:Pompeia
6327:Thapsus
6322:Corduba
6317:Ruspina
5980:Eumenes
5971:Theseus
5967:Romulus
5958:Pyrrhus
5931:Phocion
5841:Crassus
5752:Moralia
5684:in the
5406:Sources
3533:4435732
2794:Belgian
2768:Asterix
2733:Cassius
2713:In the
2659:removed
2644:sources
2515:Inferno
2483:Tacitus
1416:Licinia
1401:Salonia
1354:removed
1339:sources
1248:for 44.
1246:urbanus
1219:Cilicia
1213:53 BC:
1099:Xanthus
1052:Hirtius
943:Mt Etna
679:in the
586:Salamis
563:Cilicia
533:denarii
507:lictors
431:of the
352:Inferno
173:Spouses
150:urbanus
148:Praetor
92:Suicide
6647:Legacy
6547:Family
6442:Quotes
6280:Ilerda
6247:Alesia
6197:Vosges
5940:Pompey
5877:Fabius
5872:Brutus
5863:Cicero
5854:Antony
5845:Nicias
5692:Brutus
5656:
5621:
5611:
5575:
5556:
5533:
5514:
5504:
5477:
5456:
5423:
5367:
5357:
5297:
5270:
4327:B Civ.
4316:Plut.
4083:13.22.
4041:13.16.
3960:, 5.1.
3955:Plut.
3622:Plut.
3531:
3523:
3491:985248
3489:
3481:
3426:, 5.2.
3421:Plut.
3406:21 May
3397:
3335:
3325:
3286:
2895:Brutus
2890:Cicero
2817:Brutus
2796:actor
2786:) and
2754:Caesar
2696:satire
2423:Pompey
2349:Legacy
2341:Notes:
2330:Caesar
2188:Pompey
1984:Porcia
1691:Atilia
1278:Family
1264:Athens
1205:Cyprus
1146:. The
1142:, and
1026:pileus
911:contio
888:kai su
739:Porcia
735:Porcia
712:Africa
649:Cicero
557:Pompey
553:Cicero
468:Cyprus
460:senate
425:Pompey
285:senate
281:Pompey
274:Brutus
184:Porcia
132:Office
6612:Other
6593:Julia
6555:Wives
6391:Works
6332:Munda
6300:Siege
6207:Sabis
6202:Axona
6068:Lives
5953:Solon
5899:Sulla
5890:Cimon
5823:Galba
5783:Lives
5737:Works
4318:Brut.
4312:Caes.
4079:Cic.
4037:Cic.
3957:Brut.
3624:Brut.
3529:JSTOR
3487:JSTOR
3423:Brut.
2878:Notes
2725:Julia
2528:Satan
2464:stoic
2192:Sulla
1597:Livia
1181:Medea
1140:]
1056:Pansa
1004:'
686:When
525:Sulla
413:Sulla
323:a law
101:Roman
75:Near
6312:Zela
6187:Arar
6013:and
6004:and
5991:and
5985:Agis
5978:and
5969:and
5960:and
5951:and
5942:and
5933:and
5924:and
5915:and
5906:and
5904:Numa
5897:and
5888:and
5879:and
5870:and
5868:Dion
5861:and
5852:and
5843:and
5834:and
5827:Otho
5821:and
5808:life
5801:and
5792:and
5654:ISSN
5619:OCLC
5609:ISBN
5573:ISBN
5554:OCLC
5531:ISBN
5512:OCLC
5502:ISBN
5475:ISBN
5454:ISBN
5421:ISBN
5365:OCLC
5355:ISBN
5295:ISBN
5268:ISBN
4355:Iul.
4323:Iul.
4081:Att.
4039:Att.
3913:Att.
3885:Att.
3718:Fam.
3594:Att.
3566:Att.
3521:ISSN
3479:ISSN
3408:2021
3395:ISBN
3333:OCLC
3323:ISBN
3284:ISBN
2812:Rome
2757:and
2735:and
2710:him.
2642:any
2640:cite
2592:and
2520:Hell
2481:and
2190:and
1337:any
1335:cite
1054:and
724:Cato
651:and
527:and
407:was
367:The
199:and
182:(2)
67:Died
54:Born
5601:doi
5494:doi
3475:104
3387:doi
3276:doi
2851:at
2690:In
2653:by
2607:by
2568:'s
2512:'s
2199:son
1871:(2)
1856:(1)
1693:(1)
1606:(1)
1591:(2)
1418:(1)
1403:(2)
1348:by
1217:in
396:of
349:'s
260:of
6767::
5995:/
5987:/
5825:/
5817:/
5652:.
5648:.
5617:.
5607:.
5548:.
5510:.
5500:.
5389:^
5363:.
5327:^
5312:^
5303:.
5212:^
5149:^
5098:^
5045:^
4970:^
4929:^
4806:^
4767:^
4752:^
4697:^
4550:^
4487:^
4460:^
4445:^
4428:^
4401:^
4386:^
4268:^
4145:^
4130:^
4115:^
4088:^
4046:^
3980:^
3965:^
3935:^
3920:^
3797:^
3770:^
3753:^
3632:^
3535:.
3527:.
3517:29
3515:.
3511:.
3493:.
3485:.
3473:.
3469:.
3446:.
3393:.
3385:.
3381:.
3339:.
3331:.
3282:.
3182:^
3153:^
3076:^
3049:^
3034:^
3003:or
2938:.
2892:,
2815:,
2751:,
2745:,
2701:,
2466:,
2388:,
2302:II
1138:de
1131:,
843:,
839:,
730:.
276:.
254:c.
252:;
243:;
227:uː
79:,
58:c.
6102:e
6095:t
6088:v
5811:)
5805:(
5768:"
5764:"
5761:"
5757:"
5721:e
5714:t
5707:v
5688:.
5660:.
5625:.
5603::
5581:.
5539:.
5518:.
5496::
5483:.
5462:.
5429:.
5371:.
5276:.
3540:.
3454:.
3410:.
3389::
3292:.
3278::
2763:.
2680:)
2674:(
2669:)
2665:(
2661:.
2647:.
2017:x
1993:†
1723:,
1375:)
1369:(
1364:)
1360:(
1356:.
1342:.
1304:e
1297:t
1290:v
1270:.
786:.
769:.
509:.
239:/
236:s
233:ə
230:t
224:r
221:b
218:ˈ
215:/
211:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.