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interview with Lorna Kalaw-Tirol, she said, “My concept of commitment then was in terms of research. I wanted to use my training in
Anthropology to do some real research on Philippine society”. Lorena had serious disagreements with her mother and would rebel by running away from home. Eventually, her mother relented and Lorena shifted to BA Anthropology after three semesters during the Academic Year 1967–1968. She got high grades and made it to the honor roll, became a College Scholar during that semester and a University Scholar after one year.
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has to hide in the city and secretly move from one house to another. On
November 24, 1972, her son Ramon Emiliano Sanchez was born. Because she was constantly fleeing the police, it was difficult to move around with the baby: one rainy night, when her safe house was raided, Lorena was running with her baby in her arms and jumped from a seven-foot-fence. Fortunately, the neighbor took pity on them and hid them in their homes. She left her son with her aunt Lilian Morelos and in August 1973, she joined her husband when she was sent to
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camp, while other accounts said that a soldier fired her on the nape. Her corpse was subject to much indignity, with the soldiers insensitively commenting on her beautiful legs and a movie crew taking pictures beside her corpse. A huge sum was needed for her family to claim her body; friends from MAKIBAKA helped in raising funds. Her wake was in a funeral in Sta. Cruz, and a memorial was done in the
University of the Philippines Chapel. She was buried in La Loma Cemetery.
411:, was interrogated and tortured. Because of this, she suffered a miscarriage. A top political prisoner, Lorena was detained in Canlubang and later in Ipil Rehabilitation Center in Fort Bonifacio. During this time, Lorena also learned that Ramon surrendered and led the military to the guerrilla zone. Although saddened by Ramon's betrayal, Lorena was determined and declared, “I will pick up the gun you have put down”.
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questioned, saying that such an organization would divide the ranks. However, Lorena clarified the ideological line, saying that a woman's organization would specifically address the women's issues in a semi-feudal, semi-colonial and patriarchal
Philippine society. Through MAKIBAKA, the women's struggle had become more ideological than their precursors, in that they fought not only Marcos, but sought to redress the
205:. She was described as an inquisitive, conscientious and affectionate child. She was among the top students in her school. At a young age, Laurie, as she was affectionately called, was an early reader. The love for literature and learning was cultivated by her mother early on. Since Lorena was an only child, her mother would buy her books so that she would not be lonely.
225:, initially taking Bachelor of Science in biochemistry. Her mother insisted in that Lorena take up this course since she felt that taking a degree in the arts would be too easy for her, so she had to “conquer her waterloo”, which was Math. Alicia wanted to have a doctor or a chemist in the family. However, Lorena wanted to become a writer.
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is an anti-imperialist grassroots-based women's organization that aims to liberate women through fighting for national sovereignty, democratic governance, land reform and basic services for the people; end militarization and discrimination among men and women; and build solidarity among international
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was declared, which curtailed freedom of speech, banned group discussions, public assemblies and cultural activities, sequestered the businesses of Marcos’ rivals, raided the homes, and illegally detained people. During this time, Lorena was seven months pregnant and was underground, meaning that she
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or KM (Nationalist Youth—another anti-imperialist and national democratic youth organization) and the SDK had a women's bureau, namely the SDK-WOC (Women's
Organization Committee) and the KM Women's desk. Initially, the need for establishing a women's organization separate from the SDK and the KM was
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Because of MAKIBAKA, of which Lorena Barros was the founding chair, several women's groups were formed that would protest against the
Martial Law and would seek to address the structural inequalities of the Philippines and mobilize women, particularly from the grassroots. MAKIBAKA eventually evolved
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In addition, Lorena would join different organizations, such as the UP Anthropology
Society and the UP Writer's Club, becoming its secretary in November 1969. Very sociable in nature, her mother used to call her a “social butterfly”. She would go out with friends to watch movies and listen to music,
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or the Miss
Philippines Beauty Pageant held at the Araneta Coliseum on April 18, 1970. Among their other activities were the picket of the UP Corps of Sponsor to protest the militarization of the campus, the establishment of the National Democratic Nursery and the Mothers’ Corps and the support for
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Girls High School, this time as a scholar. She was active in many extra-curricular activities: director of the school play, member of the
Gymnastics Team, President of the Junior Red Cross and the Student Catholic Action-FEU Chapter. She was managing editor of the school newspaper, the Advocate and
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In spite of these disagreements, Lorena helped her family who was in “genteel poverty” by working for
Diliman Review, the academic journal of the University of the Philippines Diliman. Even if she received a salary of 200 pesos a month, Lorena would save her money by spending only 25 cents a day—5
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At dawn on March 24, 1976, the military tracked down the hut where Lorena was staying. On guard, Lorena fired before her gun jammed. Wounded in the head and the body, Lorena ran away but the military was able to follow her. Some accounts say that she died in a military stretcher on the way to the
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Maria Lorena Morelos Barros was born on March 18, 1948. Her father was Romeo Barros. Her mother Alicia Morelos was secretary of the family corporation and an assistant to the owner of a movie house. Lorena grew up with her mother, maternal grandfather and aunts in a modest home. Her family valued
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Bored, Lorena rebutted her mother by telling her that she has become insomniac because she had slept through all of her Math and Science subjects. Lorena wanted to take up Anthropology since she believed that “You can’t really take up the present without going to the past.” Furthermore, in an
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When she graduated from the University of the Philippines with cum laude honors on April 11, 1970, she joined the protest action held by the graduating students—who were dressed in togas but carrying placards and wearing red armbands—against the colonial and bourgeois character of Philippine
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the worker's strike at the US Tobacco Corporation. They also held teach-ins and discussion groups wherein they discussed national and women's issues, visited political prisoners, paid homage to revolutionary martyrs, and rallied against the high prices. During this time, Lorena was writing
189:, a militant women's organization shortly before the Martial Law. When Martial Law was declared, she went underground, was later captured and was a top political prisoner. She escaped to the countryside as a guerrilla fighter and was killed during a military ambush at 28 years old.
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as a guerrilla fighter of the New People's Army (NPA), the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines. Even if saddened by the death of her husband, she tried to control her feelings and channeled it towards her poetry, particularly in the poem “Sampaguita”.
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Compared to the other prisons, the Ipil Rehabilitation Center was relatively comfortable and her family was able to visit her often. Nonetheless, the prisoners planned to escape by digging their way out of the building. On November 1, 1975, Lorena was able to escape.
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in 1970, which was characterized by anti-Marcos protests led by student demonstrations that were violently dispersed by the police, Lorena would be in the forefront of the struggle. At this time, she wrote mostly in Filipino, in order to be understood by the masses.
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cents by eating banana-q (with 3 pieces of bananas on a stick) for lunch, walking part-way from home to school, and catching a bus that would take her to UP for 10 cents. However, she retained her poise and gracefulness of manner, and thus, Lorena had many suitors.
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and bureaucrat capitalism. The foundation of MAKIBAKA was important because it articulated the women's question within the broader framework of national and class oppression. In addition, it helped organize women within the ranks of the revolutionary forces.
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and wrote that “True honor comes from the people”. When the police attempted to seize the University of the Philippines campus during the Diliman Commune, Lorena was among the students who barricaded the campus and threw stones at the gun-toting policemen.
315:(which was a hotbed for activism) would turn her into a communist. True enough, Lorena joined the SDK or the Samahan ng Demokratikong Kabataan (Association of Democratic Youth), an activist, anti-imperialist and national democratic youth organization.
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Lorena's mother was also overprotective and even inspected the Basement, a canteen located at the basement of the Arts and Science building in the University of the Philippines, where Lorena and the other students would hang out.
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writes, “Barros is now a symbol of poet, warrior, lover, woman. Many young women writers derive inspiration from her writings, principles and struggle; her name is often mentioned in meetings of women members of the movement.”
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sometimes staying outside concerts because they could not afford to buy tickets. Lorena would have disagreements with her mother because she imposed a curfew, and thus Lorena called herself Cinderella, always home by midnight.
471:“Ang Tagumpay Ni Maria Lorena Barros” (“The Victory of Lorena Barros”) (1983) and “Maria Lorena Barros, Pumuputol Sa Alambre’t Rehas” (“Maria Lorena Barros, who cuts the wires and the prison bars”) ( written in 2009) and
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and performed by Dessa Quesada in the 1980s; and the musical "Lorena" by Joi Barrios, both of which were based on Lorena's life and the letters written to her mother and fellow activists. Another was the play
530:(General Assembly Binding Women for Reforms, Integrity, Equality, Leadership, and Action), a broad alliance of women's organizations, which was founded in April 1984 a year after the assassination of
460:, which was staged by the youth cultural group Sinagbayan at the University of the Philippines Diliman in December 2008. In this play, her story is intertwined to that of UP student activists
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had her column “Margin Notes”. Among her pseudonyms were Malo, Lio Marea and Malachi. She was awarded the gold medal for Creative Writing and graduated from high school as Honorable Mention.
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Later that year, she joined the NPA immersion program in Isabela, and there she met Ramon Sanchez, her former professor who then became the NPA commander in that area. The two were married.
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Angeles, Leonora. “The PKP (Communist Party of the Philippines) and MAKIBAKA (Free Movement of New Women) Revisited: The Place of Women’s Liberation in Revolutionary Theory and Practice.”
377:, where he was editor-in-chief of the school paper. He was also a former Political Science Student at the University of the Philippines. However, Felix was killed in 1971 in San Agustin,
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In April 1970, MAKIBAKA or the Malayang Samahan ng Bagong Kababaihan (Free Movement of New Women) was established, with Lorena as the founding chair. Prior to MAKIBAKA, both the
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was suspended in August 1971, which meant that arrest without a warrant was legal, and Lorena's name was among those included in the list of activists to be detained.
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As a member—and later officer—of the UP Writers’ Club, Lorena was then writing “exquisite poetry” in English. Her works were published in magazines and in the
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Lorena is seen as a symbol of the women's movement—with her strength and courage inspiring women. Countless poems, songs and plays are written in her honor.
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were “Documentary of a War”, “Poem to Han-shan”, “A Park is Born”, “There is a new scavenger”, “The Swingles Came to Town”, “You are Lord” and “Strike”.
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http://remembering-lorenabarros.blogspot.sg/search?updated-min=2012-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&updated-max=2013-01-01T00:00:00-08:00&max-results=11
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Lorena returned to the city and went underground because the activists foresaw that the tense political developments would lead to Martial Law. The
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518:—the student activity center in the university—was named in her honor. She is also among the 298 revolutionary heroes and martyrs honored on the
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185:(March 18, 1948 – March 24, 1976) was a Filipino activist. She founded the Malayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan (Free Movement of New Women) or
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1016:. Eds. Mary John Mananzan, Ma. Asuncion Azcuna, Fe Mangahas. Manila : Institute of Women's Studies, St. Scholastica's College, 1989.
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Wall of Remembrance, which lists the names of the activists who were killed, disappeared or who fought during the Marcos dictatorship.
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province. There, she met Eliseo Miranda and they were supposed to be married; however, he was killed en route to meet Lorena's family.
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Taguiwalo, Judy (1993). "Marching Under the Red and Purple Banner: Notes on the Contemporary Women's Movement in the Philippines".
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movement. Alicia Morelos was afraid that her daughter's growing politicization and involvement in the student movement in the
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Taguiwalo, Judy. “Marching Under the Red and Purple Banner: Notes on the Contemporary Women’s Movement in the Philippines.”
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555:. Eds. Sr. Mary John Mananzan, Ma. Asuncion Azcuna and Fe Mangahas. Manila: Institute of Women's Studies, 1989. 107–110.
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education. As an honor student, she protested against the exorbitant fees charged by the international honor society of
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Lorena Barros studied until Grade II at the Instituto de Mujeres (Academy for Women) and finished grade school at
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In an underground ceremony in 1970, Lorena married Felix Rivera, a member of the KM and a top graduate of the
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Bernardo, Ramon M (1986). "Lorena Barros: Walang Kamatayang Alamat ng Isang Makasaysayang Dekada".
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A review of the play loosely based on the life of Lorena Barros and the two UP students who were
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464:, who were abducted by military personnel in June 2006 and still remain missing until today.
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Bernardo, Ramon M. “Lorena Barros: Walang Kamatayang Alamat ng Isang Makasaysayang Dekada.”
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At around this time, the tense political events in the Philippines would eventually lead to
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59:, showing names from the first batch of Bantayog Honorees, including that of Lorena Barros.
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Gomez, Maita (1997). "Lorena Barros The Gentle Warrior". In Asuncion David Maramba (ed.).
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295:. This, and the political events of the time, would lead to her political awakening.
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Two of the plays that was staged in her honor is the monologue “Lorena” written by
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Webpage containing some poems of Lorena Barros and poems written in her honor.
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Taguiwalo, Judy M. “Malayang Kilusang Ng Bagong Kababaihan.” My Little Book,
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During this time, Lorena was reading the works of French existentialists like
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https://redbrandog.wordpress.com/tag/malayang-kilusang-ng-bagong-kababaihan/
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http://www.tagalogshortstories.net/sa-alaala-ni-maria-lorena-barros.html
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In October 1973, Lorena, then pregnant, was captured by the military in
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1002:. Ed. Sr. Mary John Mananzan. Manila: St. Scholastica's College, 1991.
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http://redbrandog.wordpress.com/2009/09/20/the-formation-of-makibaka/
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Lanot, Marra PL. “The Filipinas Have Come and They’re Still Coming.”
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Lorena then resumed her revolutionary activities in the mountains of
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Blog entry that contains her mother's testimonial of Lorena Barros.
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http://remembering-lorenabarros.blogspot.sg/2011_01_30_archive.html
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YouTube clip of the feminist song “Babae” by the group Inang Laya.
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In the Name of the Mother: 100 Years of Philippine Feminist Poetry
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More Pinay Than We Admit: The social construction of the Filipina.
612:. Eds. Alfrredo Salanga, et al. Manila: CCP: 1987. 94–95. Rpt. in
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Blog entry of the essays, poems and eulogy of/for Lorena Barros.
616:. Ed. Lilia Quindoza Santiago. Quezon City: UP Press, 2002. 335.
594:. Ed. Lilia Quindoza Santiago. Quezon City: UP Press, 2002. 149.
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In the University of the Philippines, the Lorena Barros Hall in
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Aquino, Belinda. “Filipino Women and Political Engagement.” In
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An article regarding the formation of MAKIBAKA written by Dr.
623:. Eds. Alfrredo Salanga, et al. Manila: CCP 1987. 96. Rpt. in
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women's groups to fight “sexism, imperialism and militarism”.
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Marcos martial law prisoners jailed at Ipil Detention Center
627:. Ed. Lilia Quindoza Santiago. Quezon City: UP Press, 2002.
630:“Ina” From a letter dated to Alicia Morelos 23 July 1973.
307:, which also saw the rise of the student movement and the
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Growing Political Involvement and the Founding of MAKIBAKA
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and for founding MAKIBAKA, a militant women's organization
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http://gabriela_p.tripod.com/1-orgprofile/principles.html
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Songs of Ourselves: Writings by Filipino Women in English
605:. Eds. Alfrredo Salanga, et al. Manila: CCP, 1987. 94–95.
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mentions her name as one of the women heroes (along with
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Kasarinlan A Philippine Quarterly of Third World Studies
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on the women's situation and the emancipation of women.
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Ed. Luisa Camagay. Quezon City: Vibal Foundation, 2010.
984:Gomez, Maita. “Ma. Lorena Barros: Gentle Warrior.”
1099:http://bulatlat.com/main/2008/12/13/three-lorenas/
572:“Awit Panalubong sa Turista ng mga Taga-Tanauan.”
356:Their first major activity was the protest of the
1163:Individuals honored at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani
988:. Ed. Asuncion David Maramba. Pasig: Anvil, 1997.
634:. Ed. Asuncion David Maramba. Pasig: Anvil, 1997.
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1012:Roa, Marcelle. “’Lorena’ and the Women of FQS.”
32: and the surname or paternal family name is
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55:Detail of the Wall of Remembrance at the
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910:InYears of Philippine Feminist Poetry
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511:) who have fought in the revolution.
467:Among the poems dedicated to her are
150:University of the Philippines Diliman
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590:. 1st Semester 1968–1969. Rpt. in
271:; Philippine nationalists such as
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1143:Filipino women's rights activists
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1014:Sarilaya: Women in Arts and Media
908:Santiago, Lilia Quindoza (2002).
621:Kamao: Tula ng Protesta 1970–1986
610:Kamao: Tula ng Protesta 1970–1986
603:Kamao: Tula ng Protesta 1970–1986
553:Sarilaya: Women in Arts and Media
491:composed by the activist singers
1072:http://www.bantayog.org/node/231
1005:“Lorena Barros: Women Warrior.”
993:Days of Disquiet, Nights of Rage
833:Days of Disquiet, Nights of Rage
462:Karen Empeno and Sherlyn Cadapan
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1023:. Quezon City: UP Press, 2002.
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344:in Philippine society—that of
198:education and proper manners.
193:Birth, Childhood and Education
166:Martial Law in the Philippines
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565:“The Swingles Came to Town.”
313:University of the Philippines
164:being an activist during the
1033:Zapanta-Manlapaz, Edna, ed.
793:"In Memory of Lorena Barros"
558:“There is a new scavenger.”
210:Far Eastern University (FEU)
7:
1153:Burials at La Loma Cemetery
848:"The Formation of MAKIBAKA"
818:"Remembering Lorena Barros"
404:as a political instructor.
183:Maria Lorena Morelos Barros
69:Maria Lorena Morelos Barros
10:
1184:
1158:Marcos martial law victims
1019:Santiago, Lilia Quindoza.
986:Six Young Filipino Martyrs
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778:Six Young Filipino Martyrs
632:Six Young Filipino Martyrs
619:“Yesterday I had a talk.”
608:“Ipil is harder to bear.”
532:Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.
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15:
912:. Quezon City: UP Press.
655:. Accessed 16 Feb. 2023.
625:In the Name of the Mother
614:In the Name of the Mother
592:In the Name of the Mother
445:In the Name of the Mother
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363:essays and short articles
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1138:Filipino women activists
1111:The webpage of GABRIELA.
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287:; and the revolutionary
551:. 3 Apr. 1968. Rpt. In
547:“Documentary of a War”
441:Lilia Quindoza Santiago
395:On September 21, 1972,
267:, the anti-imperialist
208:Lorena enrolled in the
1076:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
947:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
542:Poems of Lorena Barros
520:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
57:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
1037:. Pasig: Anvil, 1994.
995:. Pasig: Anvil, 2003.
390:Writ of Habeas Corpus
342:structural inequality
1007:Philippine Collegian
943:"Martyrs and Heroes"
581:Philippine Collegian
574:Philippine Collegian
567:Philippine Collegian
560:Philippine Collegian
549:Philippine Collegian
507:, Liza Ballando and
473:Bienvenido Lumbera's
375:Arellano High School
358:Binibining Pilipinas
246:Philippine Collegian
203:St. Joseph's College
981:34.1 (1986): 16–24.
337:Kabataang Makabayan
320:First Quarter Storm
309:national democratic
118:Cause of death
43:Maria Lorena Barros
1148:People from Quezon
1030:2.4 (1993): 34–43.
1009:. 20 Nov. 1997: 6.
860:Aquino. pp. 23–24.
586:“A Park is Born.”
579:“Dalwampu’t Isa.”
281:Renato Constantino
261:Simone de Beauvoir
932:Roa. pp. 166–177.
816:Morelos, Alicia.
791:Morelos, Alicia.
484:“Babae” (“Woman”)
478:(“The Lorenas”).
453:Lualhati Bautista
285:Teodoro Agoncillo
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87:Mountain Province
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601:. 1973. Rpt. in
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475:"Ang mga Lorena"
458:“Ang mga Lorena”
269:Bertrand Russell
257:Jean Paul Sartre
138:Other names
132:La Loma Cemetery
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588:Collegian Folio
583:. 3 Sept. 1969.
576:. 27 Feb. 1969.
569:. 16 Jan. 1969.
562:. 29 Aug. 1968.
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501:Teresa Magbanua
497:Gabriela Silang
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273:Claro M. Recto
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141:Laurie, Wawi
100:(1976-03-24)
33:
29:
1133:1976 deaths
1128:1948 births
894:(4): 34–43.
846:Taguiwalo.
798:November 2,
708:(1): 16–24.
397:Martial Law
346:imperialism
318:During the
305:Martial Law
26:family name
22:middle name
1122:Categories
639:References
493:Inang Laya
293:Mao Zedong
75:1948-03-18
481:The song
350:feudalism
289:Karl Marx
265:Han Suyin
146:Education
952:April 3,
831:Lacaba.
535:GABRIELA
528:GABRIELA
409:Sorsogon
187:MAKIBAKA
173:Children
16:In this
1088:YouTube
965:Sources
489:YouTube
379:Isabela
217:College
30:Morelos
916:
435:Legacy
420:Quezon
110:Quezon
106:Mauban
83:Baguio
34:Barros
20:, the
526:into
426:Death
402:Bicol
250:poems
1028:Laya
954:2018
914:ISBN
888:Laya
800:2012
599:Ulos
291:and
283:and
259:and
95:Died
65:Born
1086:on
487:on
28:is
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176:1
156:)
152:(
77:)
73:(
36:.
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