866:
113:
716:
443:
20:
231:
754:(submarines equipped with more antiaircraft weaponry) to escort U-boats out of base and encouraged commanders to remain on the surface and fire back at attacking craft rather than trying to escape by diving. However, U-flak was short-lived, as opposing pilots adapted their tactics. Equipping submarines with
735:
that could be set to detonate at specific depths, and later when in proximity with large metal objects replaced anti-submarine bombs that detonated on contact. Patrol aircraft also carried defensive armament which was necessary when patrolling areas close to enemy territory such as Allied operations
417:
In the decades following the Second World War, the MPA missions were partially taken over by aircraft derived from civilian airliners. These had range and performance factors better than most of the wartime bombers. The latest jet-powered bombers of the 1950s did not have the endurance needed for
1111:. Although the enemy ship was hit and sunk, the captain of a British submarine claimed to have fired a torpedo simultaneously and sunk the ship. It was further stated that the British submarine E14 had attacked and immobilised the ship four days earlier.
426:
submarines. These were countered by the NATO fleets, the NATO patrol planes mentioned above, and by sophisticated underwater listening systems. These span the so-called "GIUK Gap" of the North
Atlantic that extends from Greenland to Iceland, to the
689:, the threat of a large-scale submarine attack is a remote one, and many of the air forces and navies have been downsizing their fleets of patrol planes. Those still in service are still used for search-and-rescue, counter-smuggling, anti
890:(MAD) to detect the iron in a submarine's hull. The MAD sensor is typically mounted on an extension from the tail or is trailed behind the aircraft on a cable to minimize interference from the metal in the rest of the aircraft;
1846:
418:
long, overwater patrolling, and they did not have the low loitering speeds necessary for antisubmarine operations. The main threat to NATO maritime supremacy throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and the 1980s was
266:, which had begun to be replaced by monoplanes just before the outbreak of war. The British in particular used obsolete bombers to supplement purpose-built aircraft for maritime patrol, such as the
1759:
435:. Air bases for NATO patrol planes have also been located in these areas: U.S. Navy and Canadian aircraft based in Greenland, Iceland, and Newfoundland; British aircraft based in Scotland and
927:
A modern military maritime patrol aircraft typically carries a dozen or so crew members, including relief flight crews, to effectively operate the equipment for 12 hours or more at a time.
659:
bomber. However, the type was soon supplemented and eventually replaced by new aircraft, such as the P2V and later the P-3C, which later became the sole ASW type operated by the service.
401:, which enhanced the ability of aircraft to find and destroy submarines, especially at night and in poor weather. Another area of advancement was the adoption of increasingly effective
155:
were the only aircraft capable of staying aloft for the longer ten hour patrols whilst carrying a useful payload while shorter-range patrols were mounted with landplanes such as the
1052:
409:, while US Navy aircraft transitioned from an upper light blue-gray and lower white to an all-over dark blue due to the increasing threat of Japanese forces at night-time.
2037:
814:
While anti-submarine warfare is the main role of patrol aircraft, their large payload capability has seen them fitted for various weaponry outside their nominal role. The
1843:
2421:
1389:
1103:
The first air attack using a torpedo dropped by an aeroplane was carried out by Flight
Commander Charles H. K. Edmonds, flying a Short 184 seaplane from
1763:
727:
The earliest patrol aircraft carried bombs and machine guns. Between the wars the
British experimented with equipping their patrol aircraft with the
1712:
1690:
1333:
710:
2414:
546:, the P-3 has been operated by the air forces and navies of United States, Japan, Canada, Australia, Iran, Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands,
1905:
1580:
celebrating200years.noaa.gov Top Tens: Breakthroughs: Hydrographic Survey
Techniques: Acoustic Survey Methods: Radio Acoustic Ranging
1049:
1967:
218:. The success of long range patrol aircraft led to the development of fighters specifically designed to intercept them, such as the
2407:
1983:
1649:
405:
schemes, which led to the widespread adoption of white paint schemes in the
Atlantic to reduce the warning available to surfaced
1949:
166:
As the conflict continued, numerous aircraft were developed specifically for the role, including small flying boats such as the
912:) for detecting exhaust streams and other sources of heat and are useful in monitoring shipping movements and fishing activity.
139:, primarily on anti-submarine patrols. France, Italy and Austria-Hungary used large numbers of smaller patrol aircraft for the
2103:
1805:
1618:
1590:
2017:
1507:
1868:
628:
flying boat was designed to meet a
Japanese requirement for a new ASW platform. A modernised derivative of the PS-1, the
2502:
896:- self-contained sonar transmitter/receivers dropped into the water to transmit data back to the aircraft for analysis;
562:
1579:
884:
to detect surface shipping movements. Radar can also detect a submarine snorkel or periscope, and the wake it creates.
865:
2392:
2360:
2342:
2306:
2291:
2269:
2254:
2236:
2218:
2198:
2169:
2151:
2118:
2095:
1490:
1470:
1309:
1204:
1159:
1082:
1004:
969:
748:
637:
390:, a dedicated MPA variant adopted in large numbers by the US Navy, which saw service late on in the Pacific theatre.
28:
936:
363:, or "Black Gap", a space in which Axis submarines could prey on Allied shipping out of reach of MPAs, the British
1346:
Kline, R. C. and
Kubarych, S. J., Blimpron 14 Overseas, 1944. Naval Historical Center, Navy Yard, Washington D. C.
259:
214:, influenced development elsewhere resulting in the replacement of wooden hulls with metal ones, such as on the
2451:
1734:
811:
that raised the probability of a kill against a submarine to a near-certainty as long as detonation occurred.
387:
372:
313:
A number of special-purpose aircraft were also used in the conflict, including the
American-made twin-engine
1826:
1785:
112:
2702:
2572:
2513:
1933:
394:
376:
271:
1720:
1698:
1502:"Concise Guide to Axis Aircraft of World War II." Compiler: David Mondey, Temple Press Aerospace. 1984.
1132:
1485:
Seifert, Karl-Dieter. "Der
Deutsche Luftverkehr 1926 - 1945." Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn, 1996.
1386:
648:
818:
was fitted with underwing pylons that could carry a variety of common
American weapons, including the
796:
that could detect, follow and then explode against an enemy submarine. The US Navy began fielding the
2622:
1625:
white has proved to be the most efficient concealing coloration for aircraft on anti-submarine patrol
887:
720:
314:
199:
1999:
632:
amphibian, was introduced during the early twenty-first century to succeed the PS-1. The land-based
2732:
2727:
2052:
909:
671:
606:
368:
353:
1278:
132:
2663:
2590:
2471:
694:
482:
159:. A number of specialized patrol balloons were built, particularly by the British, including the
128:
89:
49:
1301:
1295:
518:
airliner. In addition to their ASW and SAR capabilities, most P-3Cs have been modified to carry
96:, the MPA is an important asset. To perform ASW operations, MPAs typically carry air-deployable
2562:
842:
755:
605:, with new equipment and avionics was introduced, which included a new radar, sonar processor,
594:
515:
474:
346:
322:
219:
207:
70:
1844:"Lockheed Martin Awarded Contract to Build Outer Wing Sets for the US Navy's P-3 Orion Fleet."
1196:
800:
in 1943, labelled as a mine as a security measure. It sank 37 Axis submarines during the war.
156:
127:
The first aircraft that would now be identified as maritime patrol aircraft were flown by the
2675:
2653:
2580:
2550:
1887:
1221:
747:
As a result of Allied successes with patrol aircraft against U-boats, the Germans introduced
675:
652:
570:
469:, was introduced, featuring various structural improvements, along with homing torpedoes and
263:
211:
2279:, Vol. 37, No, 12, Issue No 440, December 2009, pp. 55–70. London:IPC. ISSN 0143-7240.
1188:
617:
had decided to terminate marketing efforts for the Atlantic, promoting a MPA variant of the
2595:
2399:
1954:
1136:
827:
566:
493:
147:
and other coastal areas while the Germans and British fought over the North Sea. At first,
74:
1902:
1297:
War, cooperation, and conflict : the European possessions in the Caribbean, 1939–1945
8:
2466:
1393:
870:
854:
618:
500:
486:
402:
383:
62:
960:
Defence Committee, James Arbuthnot, Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons (2012).
278:
to the same role until better aircraft became available. Blimps were widely used by the
206:
did considerable pioneering work in all aluminium aircraft structures while working for
1327:
964:. Authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited. p. 11.
815:
804:
534:
for ASW, but those were removed from the arsenal and scrapped decades ago. Produced in
504:
478:
330:
326:
279:
267:
24:
1646:
2600:
2567:
2456:
2431:
2388:
2366:
2356:
2338:
2302:
2287:
2265:
2250:
2232:
2214:
2204:
2194:
2175:
2165:
2147:
2114:
2091:
1614:
1503:
1486:
1466:
1315:
1305:
1200:
1189:
1155:
1078:
1000:
965:
765:
To counter the German long-range patrol aircraft that targeted merchant convoys, the
759:
679:
614:
586:
275:
78:
682:. The Argus was superseded by the CP-140 Aurora, derived from the Lockheed Electra.
2697:
2692:
2687:
2668:
2658:
2585:
2555:
2545:
2479:
2142:
Dorr, Robert F. "Variant Briefing: Martin Flying Boats: Mariner, Mars and Marlin".
2124:
846:
793:
625:
497:
447:
436:
360:
349:
318:
243:
235:
203:
160:
116:
1802:
1357:
1037:
2508:
2461:
2226:
2021:
1909:
1872:
1850:
1809:
1653:
1279:"Confirmed Sinkings of German U-Boats by VI Bomber Command Bombardment Aircraft."
1056:
1011:
976:
905:
838:
823:
808:
698:
526:
missiles for attacking surface ships. American P-3s were formerly armed with the
523:
519:
454:
364:
255:
215:
187:
136:
66:
2637:
2632:
2605:
2014:
1606:
1108:
819:
778:
667:
655:
met their early postwar MPA needs via a stretched-fuselage modification of the
629:
458:
432:
295:
183:
1865:
1719:. Vol. 87, no. 2924. 25 March 1965. pp. 465–466. Archived from
995:
Panayirci, E.; Isik, C.; Ince, A.N.; Topuz, E. (2012). "5: Sensor Platforms".
485:, was in development, but was cancelled and eventually substituted for by the
2721:
2610:
2540:
1319:
850:
781:
of WWII became available to cover the deep oceans, and the land air bases in
774:
737:
728:
590:
555:
535:
428:
342:
338:
283:
140:
2370:
2179:
1697:. Vol. 87, no. 2918. 11 February 1965. p. 224. Archived from
877:
Maritime patrol aircraft are typically fitted with a wide range of sensors:
792:
As technology progressed the bombs and depth charges were supplemented with
715:
2535:
2530:
2208:
1015:
981:
797:
732:
663:
656:
641:
633:
624:
Japan has developed multiple purpose-designed MPAs during this period. The
531:
481:
airliner, begun to be introduced. During the 2000s, an improved model, the
439:; and Norwegian, Dutch, and German aircraft based in their home countries.
777:
which could be launched once to engage the enemy planes. Later, the small
442:
16:
Military aircraft designed to reconnoiter oceans and other bodies of water
2680:
2627:
2350:
2159:
1760:"MOD seals the deal on nine new Maritime Patrol Aircraft to keep UK safe"
916:
582:
578:
547:
527:
470:
462:
423:
419:
334:
299:
287:
195:
179:
2188:
1984:"Japan's defense industry is super excited about this amphibious plane."
230:
1133:
The Felixstowe Flying-Boats: Historic Military Aircraft No. 11 Part 1".
1107:
on 12 August 1915, against a 5,000 ton Turkish supply ship in the
782:
766:
307:
171:
167:
93:
473:. During the late 1960s, a jet-powered replacement in the form of the
19:
511:
461:
bomber – in anticipation of a rapid expansion of the
175:
85:
915:
Visual inspection using the aircrew's eyes, in some cases aided by
893:
786:
770:
686:
398:
303:
251:
152:
144:
97:
2146:, Volume 7, 1997, pp. 114–133. London: Aerospace Publishing,
959:
2518:
2446:
831:
741:
507:, which remained in service into the early twenty-first century.
291:
210:
and built four large patrol flying boats, the last of which, the
191:
101:
1671:
711:
RAF Coastal Command during World War II § Pre-war equipment
2525:
690:
610:
551:
543:
492:
The U.S. Navy flew a mixture of MPAs, including the land-based
406:
379:
247:
2104:"H2S Radar in Bomber Command and ASV Radar in Coastal Command"
1740:. House of Commons Defence Select Committee. 19 September 2012
465:'s submarine force. An improved model of the Shackleton, the
1075:
The Rand McNally encyclopedia of military aircraft, 1914-1980
920:
899:
881:
539:
329:, the Catalina was gradually superseded by the longer-ranged
148:
104:
and are usually capable of extended flight at low altitudes.
2429:
2071:
The Vickers Wellington I & II (Aircraft in Profile 125)
1792:. (Washington). Associated Press. 19 March 1949. p. 2.
1561:
202:
whose developments saw service until 1938. During the war,
2086:
Bridgeman, Leonard. "The Consolidated Vultee Privateer."
2015:"Sky-High Expectations for Japan's P-X and C-X Aircraft."
2000:"Giant Amphibian - Japan has one godzilla of a seaplane."
1232:
503:. During the 1970s, the P2V was entirely replaced by the
386:
for the era. The B-24 was also used at the basis for the
2301:. London: BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), 1978.
2264:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1975.
2111:
Canadians on Radar: Royal Canadian Air Force 1940 - 1945
1387:"Scouting and Early Attacks from Midway, 3–4 June 1942".
573:
was developed by a French-led multinational consortium,
554:, Spain, and Taiwan. The Canadian version is called the
393:
During the conflict, there were several developments in
2249:
Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland (USA) 1990,
2073:. Leatherhead, Surrey: Profile Publications Ltd., 1967.
1430:
1180:
457: – a specialised MPA derivative of the
282:, especially in the warmer and calmer latitudes of the
2321:
The Short Sunderland (Aircraft in Profile number 189).
2316:. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications, 1967.
1152:
The German Giants, The Story of the R-planes 1914-1919
997:
Principles of Integrated Maritime Surveillance Systems
994:
902:
sensors to monitor communications and radar emissions;
693:, antipoaching of marine life, the enforcement of the
575:
Société d'Étude et de Construction de Breguet Atlantic
2380:
File # 023. London: Bright Star Publishing Ltd, 1997.
2275:
Jarrett, Philip. "Database:The Sopwith 1½ Strutter".
1549:
84:
Among other maritime surveillance resources, such as
65:
designed to operate for long durations over water in
2025:
Kawasaki Heavy Industries Scope Quarterly Newsletter
1591:
Anonymous, "Ocean's Depth Measured By Radio Robot,"
773:", which was a merchant vessel equipped with a lone
613:
anti-shipping missile. By 2005, French manufacturer
1219:
1040:
Airship Heritage Trust. Retrieved on 18 March 2009.
1022:
2164:(Rev. and expanded 2nd ed.). London: Putnam.
2038:"Honeywell to Outfit Japan P-1 Maritime Aircraft."
1154:(3rd ed.). London: Putnam. pp. 124–129.
1149:
1968:"Dassault offers Falcon 900 for maritime patrol."
1465:(1st ed.). London: Crecy. pp. 124–129.
1116:
830:, rocket pods, sea mines, and the standard issue
317:flying boats, and the large, four-engine British
186:. Developments of the Felixstowe served with the
2719:
2383:Winchester, Jim. "Consolidated B-24 Liberator."
2213:(new edition 1987 by Putnam Aeronautical Books,
1222:"New Transport Plane Can Be Converted To Bomber"
2385:Aircraft of World War II: The Aviation Factfile
869:The latest in maritime aircraft is the US Navy
704:
352:trimotor flying boat, as well as the converted
262:, as well as older biplane designs such as the
2352:Water- en transportvliegtuigen wereldoorlog II
2348:
1448:
1403:
453:During the late 1940s, the RAF introduced the
2415:
1463:Aircraft of the Third Reich : Volume One
1366:Deutsche U-Boote 1935–1945 – u-boot-archiv.de
803:The Cold War era saw the introduction of the
1332:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1186:
609:camera turret, and the ability to carry the
597:. During the 1980s, an updated version, the
577:(SECBAT). Operators of the type include the
246:patrol airplanes were converted from either
163:of which 158 were built including subtypes.
1691:"Aircraft Decisions: Mr Wilson's Statement"
1168:
999:. United States: Springer US. p. 188.
2422:
2408:
2330:, Volume 29, no. 4, issue 235, April 2001.
2186:
2157:
1859:
1454:
1436:
1238:
2387:. Hoo, Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004.
2245:Swanborough, Gordon and Peter M. Bowers.
2088:Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II.
1833:. (Moscow). Associated Press. p. 6C.
1605:
1421:
1253:
1195:(2nd ed.). London: Putnam. pp.
1077:. San Diego: Military Press. p. 88.
977:"Fifth Report of Session 2012-13, Vol. 1"
853:in order for it to be able to attack any
670:from a civilian airliner. Similarly, the
2337:. London: Putnam, Fourth edition, 1978.
2101:
1924:Elvert, Schirmann and Lang 2008, p. 182.
1630:
1567:
1262:
1066:
864:
714:
441:
229:
111:
18:
2247:United States Navy aircraft since 1911.
2008:
1976:
1961:
1824:
1584:
1479:
1091:
1063:pt.3, ch.V. Retrieved on 28 March 2009.
640:(JMSDF) as a replacement for the aging
636:was introduced during the 2010s by the
514:engines, is derived from the 1950s era
2720:
2262:Famous Bombers of the Second World War
2224:
2076:
1992:
1818:
1778:
1555:
1496:
1300:. New York: Greenwood Press. pp.
1293:
1191:German Aircraft of the First World War
1174:
1143:
2403:
2326:Septer, Dirk. "Canada's Stranraers."
2228:Echoes of War: The Story of H2S Radar
1460:
1398:United States Naval Historical Center
1220:Bonnier Corporation (November 1937).
1043:
822:anti-ship missile, the air-to-ground
337:, there were the long-range Japanese
2190:Japanese aircraft of the Pacific War
1546:Swanborough and Bowers 1990, p. 106.
1187:Gray, Peter; Thetford, Owen (1970).
1099:Guinness Book of Air Facts and Feats
1072:
857:patrol planes they might encounter.
2323:London: Profile Publications, 1967.
1355:
1150:Haddow, G.W.; PeterM Grosz (1988).
908:(sometimes referred to as FLIR for
238:maritime reconnaissance flying boat
225:
13:
2503:Airborne early warning and control
1950:Military Aircraft Directory Part 1
1294:André., Baptiste, Fitzroy (1988).
1228:. Bonnier Corporation. p. 64.
1031:
785:became available in mid-1943 from
563:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
122:
14:
2744:
2378:World Aircraft Information Files,
2335:British Naval Aircraft since 1912
2053:Global Security.com - ASW Sensors
1786:"Big Navy bomber flies from ship"
1282:Planes and Pilots of World War 2,
638:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
561:During the 1960s, in response to
29:Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
1678:World Aircraft Information Files
1400:, 1999. Retrieved: 18 June 2010.
937:List of maritime patrol aircraft
190:until the mid 20s, and with the
57:, or by the older American term
2314:The Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
2062:
2046:
2030:
1942:
1927:
1918:
1896:
1881:
1837:
1825:Barbour, John (July 14, 1990).
1796:
1752:
1727:
1705:
1683:
1662:
1639:
1599:
1573:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1442:
1412:
1380:
1349:
1340:
1287:
1271:
1244:
1213:
1140:, 2 December 1955, pp. 842–846.
471:Mk 101 Lulu nuclear depth bombs
412:
260:Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra
1903:"CP-140 Aurora Modernization."
1735:"Future Maritime Surveillance"
1284:2000. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
1125:
988:
953:
744:starting out from their base.
55:maritime surveillance aircraft
1:
1595:, December 1938, pp. 828-830.
941:
678:from a British airliner, the
345:flying boats, and the German
274:, while the US relegated the
2187:Francillon, René J. (1979).
2161:Lockheed aircraft since 1913
2158:Francillon, René J. (1987).
1537:Bridgeman 1946, pp. 217–218.
962:Future Maritime Surveillance
946:
849:missiles in 1982 during the
705:Armament and countermeasures
599:Atlantic Nouvelle Génération
7:
2349:Van der Klaauw, B. (1977).
2109:. In Grande, George (ed.).
1827:"Retooling the war machine"
930:
395:air-to-surface-vessel radar
377:Consolidated B-24 Liberator
272:Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley
10:
2749:
2079:Shorts Aircraft since 1900
1915:Retrieved: 18 August 2010.
1815:. Retrieved: 15 June 2010.
1668:Jones 2002, pp. 93, 95–96.
1659:. Retrieved: 10 July 2008.
1657:The Shackleton Association
1493:. (in German) pp. 303-304.
1409:Norris 1967, pp. 7, 10–11.
934:
860:
762:made them harder to find.
708:
649:Royal Australian Air Force
446:Interior of a French Navy
107:
2646:
2495:
2488:
2439:
1888:"Lockheed CP-140 Aurora."
1849:18 September 2011 at the
888:Magnetic anomaly detector
721:Consolidated PBY Catalina
697:, and enforcement of the
569:(RFP) for a new MPA, the
510:The P-3, powered by four
315:Consolidated PBY Catalina
258:which started out as the
200:Naval Aircraft Factory PN
2225:Lovell, Bernard (1991).
2003:Air & Space Magazine
1939:, 27 June 1981. p. 2014.
1893:Retrieved: 30 June 2011.
1878:Retrieved: 14 July 2010.
1611:The Herring Gull's World
1073:Enzo, Angelucci (1983).
1061:A History of Aeronautics
910:forward looking infrared
826:, as many as ten of the
807:, a depth charge with a
695:exclusive economic zones
672:Royal Canadian Air Force
607:forward-looking infrared
382:, which had a very long
375:introduced the American
369:Royal Canadian Air Force
354:Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor
90:unmanned aerial vehicles
36:maritime patrol aircraft
2286:. Crowood Press, 2002.
2102:Campbell, W.P. (2000).
1790:Spokane Daily Chronicle
1647:"The Shackleton Story."
1613:. Collins. p. 14.
1528:Winchester 2004, p. 57.
1461:Green, William (2010).
1392:April 13, 2010, at the
1250:Septer 2001, pp. 60–61.
1226:Popular Science Monthly
1050:British Airship Design.
834:general purpose bombs.
756:radar warning receivers
731:. During World War II,
723:dropping a depth charge
621:corporate jet instead.
483:BAE Systems Nimrod MRA4
347:Blohm & Voss BV 138
129:Royal Naval Air Service
50:reconnaissance aircraft
2090:London: Studio, 1946.'
2027:, No.73. October 2007.
1913:Canadian Naval Review.
1122:Thetford 1978, p. 198.
1101:(3rd ed.). 1977.
874:
843:Hawker Siddeley Nimrod
724:
595:Royal Netherlands Navy
477:, a derivation of the
475:Hawker Siddeley Nimrod
450:
239:
220:Hansa-Brandenburg W.29
208:Luftschiffbau Zeppelin
119:
71:anti-submarine warfare
69:roles — in particular
31:
2077:Barnes, C.H. (1967).
2055:accessdate:March 2014
1418:Johnson 1978, p. 229.
868:
718:
685:Since the end of the
676:Canadair CP-107 Argus
653:Royal Australian Navy
571:Breguet 1150 Atlantic
567:Request for Proposals
445:
431:, to Scotland in the
359:To finally close the
333:flying boat. For the
264:Supermarine Stranraer
233:
212:Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV
133:Aéronautique Maritime
115:
22:
2312:Moyes, Philip J. R.
1989:, 10 September 2015.
1971:Flight International
1955:Flight International
1937:Flight International
1871:28 July 2010 at the
1717:Flight International
1713:"The Maritime Comet"
1695:Flight International
1259:Andrews 1967, p. 14.
1059:Charles Vivian, E.,
1055:15 June 2011 at the
1028:Jarrett 2009, p. 59.
828:CBU-100 Cluster Bomb
494:Lockheed P2V Neptune
356:airliner landplane.
321:flying boats of the
2573:Electronic warfare
2355:. Alkmaar: De Alk.
2043:, 16 February 2016.
1766:on 11 February 2017
1652:5 July 2008 at the
1449:Van der Klaauw 1977
1439:, pp. 306–307.
1394:Library of Congress
855:Argentine Air Force
619:Dassault Falcon 900
501:Grumman S-2 Tracker
487:Boeing P-8 Poseidon
170:, as well as large
157:Sopwith 1½ Strutter
63:fixed-wing aircraft
42:), also known as a
2514:Counter-insurgency
2319:Norris, Geoffrey.
2193:. London: Putnam.
2036:Minnick, Wendell.
2020:2011-06-05 at the
1934:"Maritime Muscle".
1908:2009-01-13 at the
1808:2013-05-13 at the
1636:Jones 2002, p. 43.
1570:, p. XVII-10.
1519:Green 1975, p. 85.
1427:Dorr 1987, p. 116.
1277:Conaway, William.
1268:Moyes 1967, p. 13.
875:
816:Lockheed P-3 Orion
805:nuclear depth bomb
794:Acoustic torpedoes
725:
505:Lockheed P-3 Orion
479:De Havilland Comet
451:
373:US Army Air Forces
331:Martin PBM Mariner
280:United States Navy
268:Vickers Wellington
240:
120:
32:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2568:Close air support
2432:military aircraft
2081:. London: Putnam.
1948:Penny, Stewart. "
1876:history.navy.mil.
1856:4 September 2008.
1620:978-0-00-219444-0
1593:Popular Mechanics
1356:Hofmann, Markus.
1038:SS class airship.
719:Pre–World War II
680:Bristol Britannia
615:Dassault Aviation
587:Italian Air Force
565:(NATO) issuing a
276:Douglas B-18 Bolo
79:search and rescue
75:anti-ship warfare
2740:
2576:
2493:
2492:
2475:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2374:
2333:Thetford, Owen.
2297:Johnson, Brian.
2260:Green, William.
2242:
2212:
2183:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2123:. Archived from
2108:
2082:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2034:
2028:
2012:
2006:
1996:
1990:
1982:Simpson, James.
1980:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1958:, 4 August 1999.
1946:
1940:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1900:
1894:
1885:
1879:
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1857:
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1816:
1813:history.navy.mil
1803:"The Seventies."
1800:
1794:
1793:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1762:. Archived from
1756:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1723:on 31 July 2013.
1709:
1703:
1702:
1701:on 31 July 2013.
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1645:Billings, Bill.
1643:
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1020:
1010:
992:
986:
975:
957:
906:Infrared cameras
847:AIM-9 Sidewinder
845:was fitted with
769:introduced the "
699:laws of the seas
516:Lockheed Electra
448:Breguet Atlantic
437:Northern Ireland
388:PB4Y-2 Privateer
361:Mid-Atlantic gap
319:Short Sunderland
244:Second World War
236:Short Sunderland
226:Second World War
161:SS class airship
117:SS class airship
2748:
2747:
2743:
2742:
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2738:
2737:
2733:Patrol aircraft
2728:Bomber aircraft
2718:
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2642:
2618:Maritime patrol
2591:Air superiority
2574:
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2434:types and roles
2428:
2398:
2363:
2284:Avro Shackleton
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2106:
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2031:
2022:Wayback Machine
2013:
2009:
2005:, January 2003.
1997:
1993:
1981:
1977:
1973:, 28 June 2005.
1966:
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839:Royal Air Force
824:AGM-65 Maverick
809:nuclear warhead
779:escort carriers
713:
707:
626:Shin Meiwa PS-1
455:Avro Shackleton
415:
365:Royal Air Force
327:Pacific theatre
256:Lockheed Hudson
228:
216:Short Singapore
188:Royal Air Force
137:First World War
131:and the French
125:
123:First World War
110:
67:maritime patrol
44:patrol aircraft
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2295:
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2222:
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2069:Andrews, C.F.
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2007:
1991:
1975:
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1241:, p. 146.
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1109:Sea of Marmara
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932:
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897:
891:
885:
862:
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820:AGM-84 Harpoon
706:
703:
668:Ilyushin Il-38
666:developed the
630:ShinMaywa US-2
496:(P2V) and the
459:Avro Lancaster
433:United Kingdom
414:
411:
350:diesel-engined
296:Gulf of Mexico
254:, such as the
227:
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184:Felixstowe F.3
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2256:
2255:0-87021-792-5
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2240:
2238:9780852743171
2234:
2231:. CRC Press.
2230:
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2219:0-85177-801-1
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2152:1-874023-97-2
2149:
2145:
2144:Wings of Fame
2141:
2130:on 2021-10-10
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2120:9780968759608
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1396:Web Archives
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738:Bay of Biscay
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733:depth charges
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729:COW 37 mm gun
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56:
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21:
2676:Surveillance
2654:Experimental
2617:
2536:Light bomber
2531:Heavy bomber
2384:
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2320:
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2160:
2143:
2132:. Retrieved
2125:the original
2110:
2087:
2078:
2070:
2063:Bibliography
2048:
2041:Defense News
2040:
2032:
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2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
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1963:
1953:
1944:
1936:
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1820:
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1798:
1789:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1764:the original
1754:
1742:. Retrieved
1729:
1721:the original
1716:
1707:
1699:the original
1694:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1656:
1641:
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1624:
1610:
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1586:
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1563:
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1524:
1515:
1510:. pp. 73-74.
1498:
1481:
1462:
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2505:(AEW&C)
1854:deagel.com,
1556:Lovell 1991
1372:26 December
1368:(in German)
1175:Barnes 1967
583:German Navy
579:French Navy
548:New Zealand
463:Soviet Navy
424:Warsaw Pact
420:Soviet Navy
335:Axis Powers
300:Puerto Rico
288:the Bahamas
196:Curtiss F5L
172:floatplanes
135:during the
100:as well as
98:sonar buoys
94:helicopters
92:(UAVs) and
2722:Categories
2647:Non-combat
2623:Multi-role
2556:Pathfinder
2551:Penetrator
2467:Helicopter
2457:Fixed-wing
2134:2020-09-11
1770:9 February
1744:2020-05-28
942:References
783:the Azores
767:Royal Navy
740:targeting
709:See also:
642:P-3C Orion
593:, and the
403:camouflage
371:, and the
308:the Azores
168:FBA Type C
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2703:Transport
2601:Emergency
2546:Strategic
2472:Unmanned
2328:Aeroplane
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1891:rcaf.com.
1831:Idahonian
1328:cite book
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647:Both the
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399:sonobuoys
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248:bombers
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1199:–78.
900:ELINT
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384:range
178:, or
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2389:ISBN
2367:OCLC
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2176:OCLC
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