1986:
2084:
1962:
1974:
1998:
143:
136:
40:
2103:
has yielded ages of 38,000 - 36,000 years ago for the middle member and of 34,000 ± 4,000 and 32,000 ± 3,000 for two other flows which are likely of the same age. The middle member is overlaid by the Dry Valley flow which is also younger than the other two flows. The precise date of the last eruption
353:
set in lava flows on the
Markagunt Plateau, the 3.7 kilometres (12,000 ft) long Duck Creek Lava Tube is among the longest and highest lava tubes in the United States. Perennial ice and pools of water are widespread in the tubes, which are typically accessible through collapsed portions of the
2013:
Volcanism in the
Markagunt volcanic field occurred in three stages. The first stage saw activity mainly at the margins of the Markagunt Plateau between 5.3 and 2.8 million years ago; the cinder cones and lava flows produced during this stage are heavily eroded. The second stage occurred along the
3102:
Marchetti, David W.; Stork, Allen L.; Solomon, D. Kip; Cerling, Thure E.; Mace, Wil (1 February 2020). "Cosmogenic 3He exposure ages of basaltic flows from Miller Knoll, Panguitch Lake, Utah: Using the alternative isochron approach to overcome low-gas crushes".
2853:
2832:
3086:
Johnsen, R L; Smith, I E; Biek, R F (2010). "Subalkaline volcanism in the Black Rock Desert and
Markagunt Plateau volcanic fields of south-central Utah". In Carney, S M; Tabet, D E; Johnson, C L (eds.).
2074:
and include Lake Hollow, Duck Creek, Midway Creek, Horse
Pasture, Henrie Knolls, Red Desert, Navajo Lake, Dry Valley and the various Miller Knoll and Panguitch Lake flows and cinder cones.
315:. Some cones such as Hancock Peak, Henrie Knolls and Strawberry Knolls are up to 150 metres (500 ft) high, and Miller Knoll cone is surrounded by three satellite vents. Past
2018:
and in the southern part of the field between 800,000 and 500,000 years ago; its cones and lava flows are moderately eroded. The third group was emplaced during the middle
389:
rocks, and the burial of surface drainages by highly permeable lava flows likely aided in their development; some sinkholes have formed in basalt and other
2039:
Rock Canyon cinder cone and lava flow. Perhaps coeval with
Dickinson Hill and may also be the source of the 4.98 - 4.94 million years old Red Canyon flows.
337:. Some of the lava flows of Markagunt Plateau are among the youngest in Utah; these are sparsely vegetated and blocky, while others are cut by streams and
664:
2697:
2015:
3208:
3035:"Interim geologic map of the west part of the Panguitch 30' X 60' quadrangle, Garfield, Iron, and Kane Counties, Utah—year 3 progress report"
555:
342:
3193:
2175:
raised public awareness about the dangers emanating from volcanic activity. While most fatalities during volcanic eruptions occurred at
483:
sedimentary or volcanic rocks. Volcanism in the region has been ongoing for the last 5 million years. The volcanism is considered to be
333:
in the
Markagunt Plateau are blocky and have flow fronts which reach heights of 30–60 metres (98–197 ft); many were erupted from
1985:
1973:
69:
3203:
3198:
2064:
Asay Knoll, Bowers Knoll, Cooper Knoll and
Strawberry Knolls cinder cones and lava flows, all probably around 500,000 years old.
3034:
1315:
3147:
Hydrogeology of the
Mammoth Spring groundwater basin and vicinity, Markagunt Plateau, Garfield, Iron, and Kane Counties, Utah
135:
2099:
has yielded an imprecise date of 58,000 ± 35,000 years ago for the Henrie Knolls lava flows. On the Miller Knoll flows,
1961:
2279:"Disturbance, structure, and composition: Spruce beetle and Engelmann spruce forests on the Markagunt Plateau, Utah"
3183:
2220:
2986:
672:
292:
3070:
3043:
62:
3054:
1997:
167:
3002:
2083:
3188:
2278:
3178:
3173:
586:
Annual precipitation is about 760 millimetres (30 in) per year and mostly occurs in the form of
17:
467:
and at its margins with the Basin and Range
Province. It is a 60–80 kilometres (37–50 mi) wide
2328:
559:
410:
287:
The volcanic field is on a plateau bordered to the south by the Pink Cliffs and to the west by the
281:
2333:
2100:
413:, the former of which features flat lying sediments while the latter is characterized by steep
117:
2198:
less than 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the
Markagunt Plateau volcanic field as well as
2190:
The Markagunt Plateau is considered to be a low-risk volcano. Renewed activity may impact the
2036:
Houston Mountain flows, vent probably buried beneath younger volcanics. 5.3 million years old.
499:
volcanic fields in Utah it is sometimes considered part of a wider South Utah volcanic field.
599:
405:
Geologically, southwestern Utah is at the margin between the geologic provinces known as the
253:
2156:
660:
277:
273:
327:; this includes the chain of over 19 cinder cones that generated the Henrie Knolls flows.
8:
2199:
2160:
656:
625:
620:
393:
features are also found in the volcanic field. Many streams and ephemeral creeks head in
346:
269:
206:
2243:
2195:
2096:
2071:
472:
394:
308:
214:
3120:
3088:
3074:
2298:
2128:
668:
516:
257:
249:
3112:
3066:
2998:
2709:
2290:
2215:
2172:
1323:
464:
406:
3116:
3033:
Biek, Robert F.; Anderson, John J.; Rowley, Peter D.; Maldonado, Florian (2011).
2294:
2109:
567:
468:
414:
324:
230:
3134:
Preliminary geologic map of Navajo Lake quadrangle, Kane and Iron counties, Utah
3133:
2323:
2095:
characteristics of many volcanic structures imply that they have a recent age.
1319:
449:
366:
355:
338:
304:
182:
3167:
3124:
3078:
2302:
2203:
1873:
1225:
628:
and the vegetation covers most surfaces except for the younger volcanoes and
591:
563:
554:
Volcanic rocks at Markagunt Plateau are unusual for the common occurrence of
540:
528:
508:
463:
The Markagunt Plateau is part of the High Plateaus geologic province, in the
457:
453:
434:
381:. As a consequence, water on the Markagunt Plateau flows underground through
190:
84:
71:
2917:
2915:
2790:
2788:
570:
melts and primitive magmas may explain this tendency, while the presence of
3094:
3055:"Geologic and Geographic Reconnaissance of Eastern Markagunt Plateau, Utah"
2696:
Valentine, Greg A.; Ort, Michael H.; Cortés, Joaquín A. (1 December 2021).
2163:
took place on the Markagunt Plateau and eroded and buried some lava flows.
2132:
488:
334:
2966:
2912:
2900:
2785:
2562:
2526:
2483:
2152:
2105:
2067:
East Fork Deep Creek lava flow and eroded cinder cone, 300,000 years ago.
2019:
548:
373:
by humans; another lava-dammed lake downstream from Navajo Lake is now a
362:
300:
222:
194:
2954:
2773:
2538:
1333:
Climate data for Castle Valley, Utah, 2004–2020 normals: 9580ft (2920m)
685:
Climate data for Midway Valley, Utah, 2004–2020 normals: 9800ft (2987m)
3146:
2714:
2144:
2136:
2092:
536:
532:
496:
492:
484:
476:
316:
261:
2191:
2124:
2117:
667:. Midway Valley sits at an elevation of 9800 feet (2987 m) and has a
645:
571:
445:
422:
386:
350:
330:
320:
312:
296:
202:
198:
39:
2737:
2180:
2108:
in the volcanic field appear to be less than 10,000 years old. The
2043:
2023:
520:
382:
378:
246:
226:
218:
210:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2727:
2725:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2410:
2408:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2206:
which are constructed across lava flows from the volcanic field.
2176:
2033:
Dickinson Hill cinder cone and lava flows, 5.3 million years old.
641:
637:
615:
595:
544:
480:
430:
426:
390:
3042:
Bugden, Miriam (1992). "Volcanic Hazards of Southwestern Utah".
2049:
Blue Spring Mountain cone and lava flow, 2.78 million years old.
193:. Formed in a region of older volcanics, it consists of several
2888:
2867:
2810:
2749:
2722:
2698:"Quaternary basaltic volcanic fields of the American Southwest"
2677:
2637:
2458:
2437:
2140:
1311:
652:
629:
607:
524:
512:
418:
374:
52:
2405:
2386:
2357:
633:
603:
441:
438:
288:
265:
3101:
2921:
2906:
3032:
2972:
2960:
2932:
2930:
2794:
2779:
2568:
2544:
2532:
2489:
2251:
2184:
2148:
587:
575:
507:
Volcanic rocks erupted on the Markagunt Plateau range from
242:
186:
3045:
Engineering and Environmental Geology of Southwestern Utah
2055:
Upper Bear Springs cone and lava flows, 750,000 years old.
598:
precipitation also occurs. Most of the plateau is part of
437:, beginning 8 million years ago smaller volumes of mostly
3071:
10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[969:GAGROE]2.0.CO;2
611:
370:
2942:
2927:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2615:
2613:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2070:
The most recent stage vents cannot be reliably dated by
2061:
Hancock Peak lava flows, probably same age as Long Flat.
27:
Plateau in Iron and Kane counties in Utah, United States
2987:"System for Ranking Relative Threats of U.S. Volcanoes"
2427:
2425:
2423:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2113:
2761:
2598:
2586:
2550:
535:
suites which appear to become more silicic over time.
319:
has eroded some vents. Some recent vents formed along
3009:
2660:
2625:
2610:
2574:
2507:
2495:
558:
volcanics; most other recent volcanic centres in the
3090:
Geology of South-Central Utah Utah Geol Assoc Pub 39
2420:
2369:
2340:
2052:
Horse Knoll cone and lava flows, 750,000 years old.
377:and Blue Spring Valley also saw the development of
361:Lava flows have blocked surface drainages, forming
2695:
2277:DeRose, R. Justin; Long, James N. (15 June 2007).
2187:in the past are also potential sources of danger.
2078:
2813:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1314:weather station north of Midway Valley along the
268:south of the volcanic field, which is crossed by
3165:
3085:
2894:
2882:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2689:
2683:
2654:
2477:
2452:
2414:
2399:
2363:
2854:"Castle Valley, Utah 1991-2020 Monthly Normals"
2833:"Midway Valley, Utah 1991-2020 Monthly Normals"
636:vegetation includes hydrophilic plants such as
2171:Large volcanic eruptions in the 1980s such as
551:, with not all minerals present in all flows.
475:underneath the volcanoes is formed by various
429:, during which volcanism was characterized by
236:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2116:and their legends may contain references to
3131:
2948:
2936:
3151:Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5199
2276:
2238:
2236:
2978:
2805:
2803:
2713:
2265:
2151:accumulated at several sites. During the
581:
142:
3144:
2580:
2520:
2501:
2431:
2380:
2351:
2082:
2058:Long Flat lava flows, 600,000 years ago.
311:although older volcanics occur south of
3052:
2767:
2604:
2592:
2556:
2233:
14:
3166:
3059:Geological Society of America Bulletin
3041:
3037:. Utah Geological Survey. p. 110.
3015:
2800:
2671:
2631:
2619:
2183:eruptions like these that occurred in
2139:sedimentation took place in the area,
1316:Brian Head-Panguitch Lake Scenic Byway
3003:10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2007)8:4(112)
2984:
2846:
2825:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
241:The Markagunt Plateau is in southern
3209:Landforms of Washington County, Utah
2112:settled into the region after 1,100
1979:Utah State Route 14 near Navajo Lake
2008:
24:
3194:Landforms of Garfield County, Utah
3132:Moore, D.W.; Nealey, L.D. (1993).
2309:
2244:"Markagunt Plateau Volcanic Field"
365:which drains underground into two
217:. Volcanism took place during the
25:
3220:
3159:
2042:Sidney Peaks basalt, probably of
655:weather station located near the
614:with an understory consisting of
201:. Some of the lava flows feature
2985:Ewert, John W. (November 2007).
2221:Black Rock Desert volcanic field
1996:
1984:
1972:
1960:
225:but may have continued into the
141:
134:
38:
2194:and popular recreation site of
2079:Latest Pleistocene and Holocene
1951:Source 2: NOAA (Precipitation)
1303:Source 2: NOAA (Precipitation)
574:may indicate the occurrence of
354:tubes. Lava flows almost reach
3204:Landforms of Kane County, Utah
3199:Landforms of Iron County, Utah
3048:. Utah Geological Association.
2895:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2883:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2756:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2744:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2732:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2684:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2655:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2478:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2453:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2415:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2400:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
2364:Johnsen, Smith & Biek 2010
502:
293:Cedar Breaks National Monument
13:
1:
2283:Forest Ecology and Management
2226:
397:or disappear into sinkholes.
3117:10.1016/j.quageo.2019.101035
3053:Gregory, Herbert E. (1949).
2295:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.065
280:. Towns in the area include
233:may reflect past eruptions.
7:
2209:
1662:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
1522:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
1318:, roughly halfway between
1014:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
874:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
578:processes in western Utah.
237:Geography and geomorphology
209:, while others have formed
10:
3225:
3025:
2166:
1950:
1945:
1332:
1302:
1297:
684:
400:
2087:Lava flow near Duck Creek
1871:
1801:
1731:
1661:
1591:
1521:
1451:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1223:
1153:
1083:
1013:
943:
873:
803:
733:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
166:
161:
128:
123:
113:
105:
100:
61:
51:
46:
37:
32:
3105:Quaternary Geochronology
2329:Global Volcanism Program
632:walls. Additionally, in
560:Basin and Range Province
487:and unrelated to either
411:Basin and Range Province
3184:Volcanic fields of Utah
3145:Spangler, L.E. (2012).
3138:Open-File Report 93-190
2949:Moore & Nealey 1993
2937:Moore & Nealey 1993
2334:Smithsonian Institution
2104:is not known but eight
2101:surface exposure dating
2029:Some individual vents:
471:-bounded block and the
2991:Natural Hazards Review
2248:Volcano Hazard Program
2123:Aside from volcanism,
2088:
582:Climate and vegetation
495:. Together with other
369:and was later further
2922:Marchetti et al. 2020
2907:Marchetti et al. 2020
2086:
1732:Mean minimum °F (°C)
1452:Mean maximum °F (°C)
1084:Mean minimum °F (°C)
804:Mean maximum °F (°C)
600:Dixie National Forest
2157:Bull Lake glaciation
2147:on watercourses and
1382:Record high °F (°C)
734:Record high °F (°C)
661:Utah State Route 148
278:Utah State Route 148
274:Utah State Route 143
2746:, pp. 112–114.
2324:"Markagunt Plateau"
2200:Utah State Route 14
2161:Pinedale glaciation
2091:The appearance and
1991:Duck Lake in autumn
1802:Record low °F (°C)
1592:Daily mean °F (°C)
1154:Record low °F (°C)
944:Daily mean °F (°C)
657:Utah State Route 14
651:Midway Valley is a
626:mountain gooseberry
621:Mertensia arizonica
284:and Mammoth Creek.
270:Utah State Route 14
109:"Highland of trees"
106:English translation
81: /
2715:10.1130/GES02405.1
2097:Argon-argon dating
2089:
2072:radiometric dating
1946:Source 1: XMACIS2
1298:Source 1: XMACIS2
594:, although summer
282:Duck Creek Village
47:Highest point
3189:Volcanoes of Utah
1955:
1954:
1310:There is another
1307:
1306:
669:subalpine climate
665:Blowhard Mountain
566:. Mixing between
517:basaltic andesite
229:; legends of the
179:Markagunt Plateau
176:
175:
149:Markagunt Plateau
33:Markagunt Plateau
16:(Redirected from
3216:
3179:Colorado Plateau
3174:Plateaus of Utah
3154:
3141:
3128:
3098:
3082:
3049:
3038:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3006:
2982:
2976:
2973:Biek et al. 2011
2970:
2964:
2961:Biek et al. 2011
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2925:
2919:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2807:
2798:
2795:Biek et al. 2011
2792:
2783:
2780:Biek et al. 2011
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2658:
2652:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2569:Biek et al. 2011
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2545:Biek et al. 2011
2542:
2536:
2533:Biek et al. 2011
2530:
2524:
2518:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2490:Biek et al. 2011
2487:
2481:
2475:
2456:
2450:
2435:
2429:
2418:
2412:
2403:
2397:
2384:
2378:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2338:
2337:
2320:
2307:
2306:
2274:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2240:
2216:Aquarius Plateau
2173:Mount St. Helens
2009:Eruption history
2000:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1330:
1329:
682:
681:
663:, just south of
602:; trees include
465:Colorado Plateau
450:shield volcanoes
407:Colorado Plateau
145:
144:
138:
114:Language of name
96:
95:
93:
92:
91:
86:
85:37.58°N 112.67°W
82:
79:
78:
77:
74:
42:
30:
29:
21:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3010:
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2959:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2913:
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2856:
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2816:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2793:
2786:
2778:
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2762:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2723:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2670:
2661:
2653:
2638:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2519:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2459:
2451:
2438:
2430:
2421:
2413:
2406:
2398:
2387:
2379:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2341:
2322:
2321:
2310:
2275:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2229:
2212:
2169:
2110:Southern Paiute
2081:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1992:
1989:
1980:
1977:
1968:
1965:
1956:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
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1880:
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1806:
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1766:
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1746:
1741:
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1706:
1701:
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1641:
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1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
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1581:
1576:
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1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1308:
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435:stratovolcanoes
403:
339:stream terraces
303:mostly between
295:, and features
254:Garfield County
239:
231:Southern Paiute
213:and lakes like
197:and associated
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5:
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3160:External links
3158:
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3099:
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659:junction with
583:
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564:alkali basalts
562:have produced
504:
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458:volcanic plugs
454:volcanic cones
402:
399:
356:Panguitch Lake
305:Panguitch Lake
264:lies west and
238:
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183:volcanic field
174:
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172:1050 or before
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2534:
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2502:Spangler 2012
2498:
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546:
542:
541:clinopyroxene
538:
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529:calc-alkaline
527:, and define
526:
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514:
510:
509:alkali basalt
500:
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494:
490:
489:mantle plumes
486:
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385:developed in
384:
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335:fissure vents
332:
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191:United States
188:
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180:
171:
169:
168:Last eruption
165:
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137:
127:
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60:
56:
54:
50:
45:
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31:
19:
3150:
3137:
3108:
3104:
3095:ResearchGate
3093:– via
3089:
3062:
3058:
3044:
3011:
2994:
2990:
2980:
2968:
2963:, p. 4.
2956:
2951:, p. 2.
2944:
2939:, p. 4.
2924:, p. 6.
2909:, p. 3.
2902:
2890:
2859:November 17,
2857:. Retrieved
2848:
2838:November 17,
2836:. Retrieved
2827:
2817:November 17,
2815:. Retrieved
2782:, p. 2.
2775:
2768:Gregory 1949
2763:
2751:
2739:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2679:
2627:
2605:Gregory 1949
2600:
2593:Gregory 1949
2588:
2583:, p. 6.
2576:
2564:
2557:Gregory 1949
2552:
2547:, p. 3.
2540:
2528:
2523:, p. 2.
2504:, p. 8.
2497:
2485:
2434:, p. 5.
2383:, p. 4.
2359:
2354:, p. 3.
2327:
2286:
2282:
2255:. Retrieved
2247:
2189:
2170:
2133:alluvial fan
2122:
2106:cinder cones
2090:
2028:
2016:Sevier fault
2012:
1876:inches (mm)
1309:
1228:inches (mm)
675:
650:
619:
585:
553:
506:
462:
421:. After the
404:
360:
347:Mammoth Cave
329:
301:cinder cones
299:and over 25
286:
240:
207:Mammoth Cave
195:cinder cones
185:in southern
178:
177:
3016:Bugden 1992
2708:(6): 2159.
2672:Bugden 1992
2632:Bugden 1992
2620:Bugden 1992
2196:Navajo Lake
2179:volcanoes,
2153:Pleistocene
2145:beaver dams
2125:landsliding
2020:Pleistocene
2003:Navajo Lake
556:subalkaline
549:plagioclase
537:Phenocrysts
503:Composition
363:Navajo Lake
343:Bowers Cave
309:Navajo Lake
258:Kane County
250:Iron County
223:Pleistocene
221:and latest
215:Navajo Lake
88: /
63:Coordinates
3168:Categories
3111:: 101035.
3065:(6): 969.
2997:(4): 122.
2227:References
2137:floodplain
2118:lava flows
2093:weathering
1324:Brian Head
646:lava flows
533:tholeiitic
497:Quaternary
493:subduction
485:intraplate
477:Cretaceous
446:lava domes
367:watersheds
351:lava tubes
331:Lava flows
321:lineaments
317:glaciation
297:lava flows
262:Cedar City
203:lava tubes
199:lava flows
3153:(Report).
3140:(Report).
3125:1871-1014
3079:0016-7606
2811:"xmACIS2"
2702:Geosphere
2303:0378-1127
2289:(1): 17.
2192:reservoir
1967:Duck Lake
644:grows on
590:from the
572:tholeiite
423:Oligocene
387:limestone
383:sinkholes
379:lava dams
313:Panguitch
211:lava dams
124:Geography
53:Elevation
18:Markagunt
2257:7 August
2210:See also
2181:basaltic
2159:and the
2044:Pliocene
2024:Holocene
1872:Average
1797:(−23.3)
1792:(−20.9)
1787:(−15.9)
1752:(−11.3)
1747:(−16.0)
1742:(−20.6)
1737:(−20.7)
1224:Average
1149:(−22.9)
1144:(−20.1)
1139:(−15.7)
1104:(−11.6)
1099:(−15.9)
1094:(−20.1)
1089:(−19.8)
640:, while
638:cattails
539:include
521:andesite
473:basement
431:calderas
409:and the
247:counties
227:Holocene
219:Pliocene
205:such as
76:112°40′W
3026:Sources
2177:silicic
2167:Hazards
2141:beavers
2129:aeolian
1782:(−9.5)
1777:(−3.0)
1762:(−1.4)
1757:(−6.2)
1727:(−2.1)
1722:(−9.7)
1717:(−5.8)
1712:(−1.7)
1687:(−0.4)
1682:(−4.0)
1677:(−6.8)
1672:(−9.7)
1667:(−9.7)
1652:(−3.6)
1637:(10.2)
1632:(13.5)
1627:(14.6)
1622:(11.6)
1602:(−2.9)
1597:(−3.1)
1587:(11.2)
1572:(11.6)
1567:(17.3)
1562:(20.3)
1557:(21.4)
1552:(18.8)
1547:(12.6)
1517:(25.9)
1512:(10.7)
1507:(14.9)
1502:(18.4)
1497:(22.4)
1492:(24.1)
1487:(25.6)
1482:(24.0)
1477:(19.0)
1472:(16.2)
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2299:ISSN
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2252:USGS
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1924:2.17
1919:1.88
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1894:1.98
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1884:2.87
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1837:(1)
1790:−5.6
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1775:26.6
1770:36.2
1765:38.6
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1640:40.9
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1605:32.4
1600:26.8
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1540:48.2
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1500:65.1
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1341:Jan
1322:and
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1194:(0)
1189:(1)
1147:−9.2
1142:−4.1
1132:14.2
1127:25.9
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1117:38.6
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1092:−4.1
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1057:37.8
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1002:24.3
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992:39.5
987:48.9
982:55.1
977:57.2
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967:42.2
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937:49.4
932:33.8
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912:66.1
907:68.4
902:63.8
897:52.9
892:45.5
887:41.2
882:34.9
877:35.1
867:76.0
862:49.1
857:54.7
852:61.2
847:69.0
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676:Dfc
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3170::
3149:.
3136:.
3119:.
3109:55
3107:.
3073:.
3063:60
3061:.
3057:.
2993:.
2989:.
2929:^
2914:^
2869:^
2802:^
2787:^
2724:^
2706:17
2704:.
2700:.
2662:^
2639:^
2612:^
2509:^
2460:^
2439:^
2422:^
2407:^
2388:^
2371:^
2342:^
2332:.
2326:.
2311:^
2297:.
2285:.
2281:.
2267:^
2250:.
2246:.
2235:^
2131:,
2127:,
2120:.
2114:AD
2026:.
1855:−7
1845:21
1840:31
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1430:72
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1326:.
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782:67
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648:.
618:,
606:,
543:,
460:.
452:,
448:,
358:.
341:.
272:,
260:.
252:,
189:,
3127:.
3115::
3097:.
3081:.
3069::
3005:.
3001::
2995:8
2863:.
2842:.
2821:.
2718:.
2712::
2336:.
2305:.
2293::
2261:.
1850:0
1820:8
1202:1
1172:6
671:(
20:)
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