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407:, the Mauch Chunk at first used animal power. Mules hauled the empty coal tubs to the summit and were sent down in the last batch of cars; the return trip required 4–5 hours. The road would send down groups of 6–8 coal cars under control of a brakeman, and once 40–42 cars were down, send down the special "mule cars" with the draft animals, thus having just enough animals to return all cars back to the top.
479:
pusher cars attached to the cables by steel tow-bands running between two large diameter winch wheels located in the Barney tunnels. When a car was ready to ascend, it was drifted down the slight incline from above and behind the Barney tunnel to wait at a latch. The barneys came up and coupled
549:(CNJ) purchased it in 1874 and leased it to brothers Theodore and H. L. Mumford who operated the line as a tourist attraction. On May 24, 1929, the CNJ sold the line to the new Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway Company, which operated until 1932, when the line fell victim to the
484:, and the other crossed Mount Jefferson. The downhill trip continued to be powered by gravity. The up track was equipped with a ratchet which would prevent a car that detached from the cable from running away down hill. This invention later evolved into the
1656:
470:
By 1845 the increasing demand for coal and the poor logistics of a single-track route meant the company needed to improve its railroad. In 1846, they built a new uphill line using two steam-powered, Josiah White engineered 120 horsepower (89 kW)
1651:
600:
Heydinger describes two earlier, but temporary funicular railways (using the same equipment) which moved overburden and foundation materials to fill in Boston's Back Bay and reshape Beacon Hill—which had three summits when the projects
418:
on the return leg and each summit had "a new down track" returning the cars several miles farther west in each case. This saw-tooth elevation profile gave the new return track a swooping characteristic ride later deliberately designed into
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used on roller coasters. The railroad changed its name to the Mauch Chunk, Summit Hill and
Switchback Railroad. The modernization of the railroad reduced a passenger round-trip from 4.5 hours to just 80 minutes.
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337:) gauge track, and it was not utilized as a common carrier that linked with other railroads. The rail line was laid on top of the company's earlier 9-mile (14 km)-constant-descent-graded
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Winch wheels, similar to a Ski Lift, especially the wheels on a cable car system, but low to the ground for the Barney cars to chase around reversing travel direction and track at either end.
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The earliest documented pleasure riders were in 1827 by visitors out to admire the new railway technology. This gives rise to the credit of the railway as the first roller coaster.
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902:(First ed.). Oak Printing Company, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: Center for Canal History and Technology, Hugh Moore Historical Park and Museum, Inc.,
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573:, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as "Mauch Chunk and Summit Hill Switchback Railroad". The listed area included four
50:
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1102:– Anthracite Mining pictorial: Mines & Structures operated by the L.C.& N., Summit Hill, Lansford and Coaldale, Pennsylvania.
384:
The Mauch Chunk
Switchback Railway was the second permanent railroad constructed in the United States and the first over five miles long.
1704:
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Up track ratchets are almost an anomaly, these show an unusual safety-first attitude for something implemented before the
Victorian Era.
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Pennsylvania's first railroad and first anthracite carrier opened on
Saturday, May 5th, 1827, when seven cars of coal passed from the
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439:
967:"Mountain Bike Trails in Pennsylvania : Pocono Mountains Region Mountain Biking : Switchback Trail : bikekinetix.com"
442:
mines to the Summit Hill loading area for the gravity railway trip down to Mauch Chunk, thence to the Lehigh Canal (and in 1855, by
1730:
1178:
825:
Anderson, John W., Transitions: From
Eastern Europe to Anthracite Community to College Classroom, iUniverse:New York, 2005, p. 30
427:
518:
opened as a replacement for the switchback line. The Lehigh Coal and
Railroad is considered the first American company to use
1735:
1109:
450:, a role it would keep and satisfy with tourists for over five decades after it was abandoned as a primary freight railroad.
279:
748:
41:
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341:. The railway operated for more than half a century as a tourist attraction after it ceased day-to-day operations as a
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446:) and their customers. The railroad became an early American tourist attraction and is considered the world's first
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An 1832 portrait of the terminus of the Mauch Chunk & Summit Hill
Railroad and the coal loading chutes below by
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on the property foreclosed and it was sold to scrapper Isaac Weiner for $ 18,000 (equal to $ 401,971 today).
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1120:- local historian, documents many scenes along the 18 mile round trip of the railway's loop.
1026:
Heydinger, Earl J. (1964). "Railroads of the Lehigh Coal and
Navigation Company: GROUP IX".
970:
797:
Heydinger, Earl J. (1964). "Railroads of the Lehigh Coal and
Navigation Company: GROUP IX".
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In 1976, a 47-acre (19 ha) section of the former right-of-way, from Ludlow St. in
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423:. About the same time, when other mine heads were opened in lower elevations of the
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550:
538:
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346:
342:
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Vince Hydro's
Insider's Guide to the Switchback, Jim Thorpe Insider's Press, 1999.
480:
behind to push the cars uphill. One of the inclines rose 664 feet (202 m) up
1050:
475:
systems to replace move cars uphill. These inclines used two telescoping wheeled
404:
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289:
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1726:
Rail infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
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997:"Switchback Gravity Railroad Historic Landscape Preservation Planning Study"
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414:. A powered double-incline led up to the top of two separate summits along
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LC&N added several descending switchback sections and other shorter
1075:
The Transfer of Pioneering British Railroad Technology to North America
338:
369:, descending 936 feet (285 m) in the nine-mile (14 km) trip.
1049:
Frederick C. Gamst in QUESTIONS & COMMENTS, FAQ's (Page 2 of 2).
472:
1751:
National Register of Historic Places in Carbon County, Pennsylvania
309:
316:
that was built in 1827 and operated until 1932. It was the second
774:. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. Archived from
743:
522:, providing raw materials, shipping, processing and final goods.
324:
to transport coal from Summit Hill downhill to the Lehigh canal.
1210:
921:
937:"The Mauch Chunk, Summit Hill, and Switchback Gravity Railroad"
1094:
Beyond Steel: An Archive of Lehigh Valley Industry and Culture
292:
and the topography of the Summit Hill and Mauch Chunk Railroad
898:
Bartholomew, Ann M.; Metz, Lance E.; Kneis, Michael (1989).
525:
Some famous personalities who visited the railroad include
1756:
Railway lines on the National Register of Historic Places
1036:(110). Railway and Locomotive Historical Society: 59–62.
807:(110). Railway and Locomotive Historical Society: 59–62.
320:
constructed in the United States, which was used by the
1155:
US National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
1078:. Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum.
1053:. Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum.
673:
About halfway up, where the up and down tracks crossed.
560:
128:
103:
897:
434:
climbing inclines to bring the coal up from the new
149:
Between Ludlow St. in Summit Hill and F.A.P. 209 in
1184:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1072:Frederick C. Gamst (University of Massachusetts).
1029:Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin
800:Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin
1717:
1108:: Proprietary photos touring the LC&N built
891:
768:"Switchback Railroad - PHMC Historical Markers"
661:A car near the Five Mile Tree crossover bridge.
34:Mauch Chunk and Summit Hill Switchback Railroad
1746:3 ft 6 in gauge railways in the United States
1741:Transportation in Carbon County, Pennsylvania
1139:
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833:
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1063:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
760:
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1090:Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company Records
1051:"America's First, First Railroad, in 1795"
685:The track, with cables and safety ratchet.
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42:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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1110:Summit Hill & Mauch Chunk Railroad
744:"National Register Information System"
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280:Summit Hill & Mauch Chunk Railroad
32:Summit Hill & Mauch Chunk Railroad
1127:
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1657:Native American archaeological sites
749:National Register of Historic Places
561:National Register of Historic Places
322:Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company
52:Pennsylvania state historical marker
1761:1827 establishments in Pennsylvania
733:
13:
1112:, the 2nd railway in North America
349:resulted in its eventual closure.
14:
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410:The railway used gravity and two
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505:in the February 1873 edition of
215:Lehigh Coal & Navigation Co.
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16:Freight railroad in Pennsylvania
959:
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649:Looking up the Jefferson plane.
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302:Mauch Chunk and Summit Railroad
1731:Defunct Pennsylvania railroads
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547:Central Railroad of New Jersey
304:and occasionally shortened to
298:Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway
233:
1:
1652:European archaeological sites
850:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
726:
136:Show map of the United States
79:
1736:Railway lines opened in 1827
1106:Switch-Back Gravity Railroad
878:"CNJ Mauch Chunk Switchback"
846:Inventing the Scream Machine
580:The right-of-way is now the
453:
19:United States historic place
7:
1672:National Historic Landmarks
10:
1777:
1004:University of Pennsylvania
989:
900:Delaware and Lehigh Canals
772:Historical Marker Database
635:
379:
345:in 1872. The onset of the
278:-founding partners of the
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582:Switchback Railroad Trail
527:Prince Maximilian of Wied
257:
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232:NRHP reference
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721:The Mauch Chunk station.
709:The Summit Hill station.
697:Looking up Mount Pisgah.
587:
464:'Up Route' cable Railway
367:Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania
330:3 ft 6 in
327:The railway operated on
151:Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania
111:Show map of Pennsylvania
76:Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania
1174:Keeper of the Register
1006:. 2007. Archived from
516:Panther Creek Railroad
511:
467:
400:
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293:
282:
70:An aerial view of the
1189:National Park Service
1169:Contributing property
1100:Early Mining Pictures
754:National Park Service
500:
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388:Early days: 1827-1845
351:
308:, was a coal-hauling
288:
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198:47 acres (19 ha)
179:40.86944°N 75.74972°W
973:on December 14, 2007
520:vertical integration
486:anti-rollback device
312:in the mountains of
300:, also known as the
258:Designated PHMC
30:Mauch Chunk Railroad
1117:www.summit-hill.com
778:on December 7, 2013
466:addition of 1846-47
403:Like its rival the
359:L.C.&N. Company
306:Mauch Chunk Railway
184:40.86944; -75.74972
175: /
840:Pescovitz, David.
575:contributing sites
512:
468:
401:
294:
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1713:
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1179:Historic district
569:to F.A.P. 209 in
501:Engraving of the
374:Earl J. Heydinger
265:
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245:Significant dates
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969:. Archived from
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842:"History: 1870"
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756:. July 9, 2010.
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543:Thomas Edison
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535:William Astor
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514:In 1872, the
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425:Panther Creek
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357:mines of the
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1676:Philadelphia
1599:Philadelphia
1563:Westmoreland
1493:Philadelphia
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1015:. Retrieved
1008:the original
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503:Lehigh Canal
493:1872-closure
482:Mount Pisgah
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416:Pisgah Ridge
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314:Pennsylvania
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272:Josiah White
261:May 25, 1971
253:June 3, 1976
226:Josiah White
72:Lehigh Canal
1705:NRHP portal
1645:Other lists
1604:Center City
1528:Susquehanna
1478:Northampton
977:February 9,
942:February 9,
883:February 9,
855:February 9,
567:Summit Hill
398:Karl Bodmer
355:Summit Hill
182: /
158:Coordinates
83: 1870
1720:Categories
1589:Pittsburgh
1553:Washington
1508:Schuylkill
1468:Montgomery
1413:Lackawanna
1393:Huntingdon
1343:Cumberland
1323:Clearfield
913:0930973097
853:Retrieved
727:References
571:Jim Thorpe
339:wagon road
217:(LC&N)
170:75°44′59″W
167:40°52′10″N
1629:Southwest
1619:Northwest
1614:Northeast
1594:Lancaster
1418:Lancaster
1403:Jefferson
1236:Armstrong
1231:Allegheny
1017:2 October
537:, son of
473:funicular
454:1846-1871
361:to their
222:Architect
1695:Category
1523:Sullivan
1518:Somerset
1443:Lycoming
1423:Lawrence
1378:Franklin
1353:Delaware
1338:Crawford
1333:Columbia
1261:Bradford
1059:cite web
1042:43518101
922:89-25150
813:43518101
555:mortgage
440:Coaldale
436:Lansford
412:inclines
372:—
310:railroad
239:76001616
211:Built by
146:Location
1666:covered
1662:Bridges
1568:Wyoming
1543:Venango
1473:Montour
1458:Mifflin
1438:Luzerne
1428:Lebanon
1408:Juniata
1398:Indiana
1368:Fayette
1348:Dauphin
1328:Clinton
1318:Clarion
1296:Chester
1281:Cameron
1276:Cambria
1246:Bedford
990:Sources
636:Gallery
553:. The
380:History
1548:Warren
1513:Snyder
1503:Potter
1463:Monroe
1453:Mercer
1448:McKean
1433:Lehigh
1388:Greene
1383:Fulton
1373:Forest
1291:Centre
1286:Carbon
1271:Butler
1241:Beaver
1162:Topics
1040:
920:
910:
904:Easton
811:
601:began.
545:. The
541:, and
477:Barney
428:Valley
153:, U.S.
1624:South
1609:North
1558:Wayne
1538:Union
1533:Tioga
1488:Perry
1311:South
1306:North
1266:Bucks
1256:Blair
1251:Berks
1226:Adams
1038:JSTOR
1011:(PDF)
1000:(PDF)
809:JSTOR
588:Notes
363:canal
203:Built
1634:West
1573:York
1498:Pike
1363:Erie
1301:East
1092:in
1065:link
1019:2020
979:2008
944:2008
918:LCCN
908:ISBN
885:2008
857:2008
784:2013
438:and
296:The
274:and
206:1827
195:Area
1358:Elk
1034:110
805:110
462:The
365:at
234:No.
74:in
1722::
1061:}}
1057:{{
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865:^
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333:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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