Mecca - Knowledge

120: 1915: 2650:, Sultan of Egypt and Syria at the Ka'bah. Battuta says the Ka'bah was large, but was destroyed and rebuilt smaller than the original. According to Ibn Battuta, the original Kaaba, prior to the conquest of Makkah by the Prophet, contained images of angels and prophets including Jesus (Isa in Islamic tradition), his mother Mary (Maryam in Islamic tradition), and many others - Ibn Battuta however states these were all destroyed by the Prophet in the year of victory. Battuta describes the Ka'bah in his time as an important part of Mecca due to the fact that many people make the pilgrimage to it. Battuta describes the people of the city as being humble and kind, and also willing to give a part of everything they had to someone who had nothing. The inhabitants of Mecca and the village itself, he says, were very clean. There was also a sense of elegance to the village. 154: 4186: 3327: 2385: 140: 4517: 3484:: 10, 11 and 12. Like most Saudi Arabian cities, Mecca retains warm to hot temperatures even in winter, which can range from 19 °C (66 °F) at night to 30 °C (86 °F) in the afternoon. Summer temperatures are extremely hot and consistently break the 40 °C (104 °F) mark in the afternoon, dropping to 30 °C (86 °F) in the evening, but humidity remains relatively low, at 30–40%. Rain usually falls in Mecca in small amounts scattered between November and January, with heavy thunderstorms also common during the winter. Occasional summer rainfall is associated with the northward movement of the 204: 3258: 170: 2659: 222: 4218: 15767: 2646:(account), he provides a vast description of the city. Around the year 1327 CE or 729 AH, Ibn Battuta arrived at the holy city. Immediately, he says, it felt like a holy sanctuary, and thus he started the rites of the pilgrimage. He remained in Mecca for three years and left in 1330 CE. During his second year in the holy city, he says his caravan arrived "with a great quantity of alms for the support of those who were staying in Mecca and Medina". While in Mecca, prayers were made for (not to) the King of Iraq and also for 184: 3167: 14813: 14548: 12667: 3111: 4918: 12744: 288: 14500: 12945: 4762: 2993: 2913: 12985: 12975: 12965: 14489: 4932: 1142: 2346:. Historical accounts also provide some indication that goods from other continents may also have flowed through Mecca. Goods from Africa and the Far East passed through en route to Syria including spices, leather, medicine, cloth, and slaves; in return Mecca received money, weapons, cereals and wine, which in turn were distributed throughout Arabia. The Meccans signed treaties with both the Byzantines and the 12955: 2729: 4210:, generates 12% of its income from the pilgrimage. Fares paid by pilgrims to reach Mecca by land also generate income; as do the hotels and lodging companies that house them. The city takes in more than $ 100 million, while the Saudi government spends about $ 50 million on services for the Hajj. There are some industries and factories in the city, but Mecca no longer plays a major role in 3222: 229: 3197:. In 2019, the Hajj attracted 2,489,406 pilgrims to the holy city. The 'Umrah, or the lesser pilgrimage, can be done at anytime during the year. Every adult, healthy Muslim who has the financial and physical capacity to travel to Mecca must perform the Hajj at least once in a lifetime. Umrah, the lesser pilgrimage, is not obligatory, but is recommended in the Quran. In addition to the 541: 3427:' using a separate conduit to connect it to Mecca and the Masjid al-Haram. Over time however the system deteriorated and failed to fulfil its function. Thus in 1245 CE, 1361 CE, 1400 CE, 1474 CE, and 1510 CE different rulers invested into extensive repairs of the system. In 1525 CE due to the system's troubles persisting however the 2804:). The city has been expanded to include several towns previously considered to be separate from the holy city and now is just a few kilometers outside the main sites of the Hajj, Mina, Muzdalifah and Arafat. Mecca is not served by any airport, due to concerns about the city's safety. It is instead served by the 2491:

in 627 CE, the combined armies of Arabia were unable to defeat Muhammad's forces (as the trench surrounding Muhammad's forces protected them from harm and a storm was sent to breach the Quraysh tribe). In 628 CE, Muhammad and his followers wanted to enter Mecca for pilgrimage, but were blocked by the

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The early history of Mecca is still largely shrouded by a lack of clear sources. The city lies in the hinterland of the middle part of western Arabia of which there are sparse textual or archaeological sources available. This lack of knowledge is in contrast to both the northern and southern areas of

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Under Saudi rule, it has been estimated that since 1985, about 95% of Mecca's historic buildings, most over a thousand years old, have been demolished. It has been reported that there are now fewer than 20 structures remaining in Mecca that date back to the time of Muhammad. Some important buildings

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told the Meccans to seek refuge in the hills while he and some members of the Quraysh remained within the precincts of the Kaaba. Abraha sent a dispatch inviting Abdul-Muttalib to meet with Abraha and discuss matters. When Abdul-Muttalib left the meeting he was heard saying: "The Owner of this House

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Formal education started to be developed in the late Ottoman period continuing slowly into Hashemite times. The first major attempt to improve the situation was made by a Jeddah merchant, Muhammad ʿAlī Zaynal Riḍā, who founded the Madrasat al-Falāḥ in Mecca in 1911–12 that cost £400,000. The school

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This is the stone that Ibrahim (Abraham) stood on to build the higher parts of the Ka'bah. It contains two footprints that are comparatively larger than average modern-day human feet. The stone is raised and housed in a golden hexagonal chamber beside the Ka'bah on the Mataf plate. The stone inside

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and beyond, as Muslims came to perform the annual Hajj pilgrimage. Mecca also attracted a year-round population of scholars, pious Muslims who wished to live close to the Kaaba, and local inhabitants who served the pilgrims. Due to the difficulty and expense of the Hajj, pilgrims arrived by boat at

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that surrounds Mecca was characterized by its remote, rocky, and inhospitable nature, supporting only meagre settled populations in scattered oases and occasional stretches of fertile land. The Red Sea coast offered no easily accessible ports and the oasis dwellers and bedouins in the region were

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Mecca has been the site of several incidents and failures of crowd control because of the large numbers of people who come to make the Hajj. For example, on 2 July 1990, a pilgrimage to Mecca ended in tragedy when the ventilation system failed in a crowded pedestrian tunnel and 1,426 people were

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Camel caravans, said to have first been used by Muhammad's great-grandfather, were a major part of Mecca's bustling economy. Alliances were struck between the merchants in Mecca and the local nomadic tribes, who would bring goods – leather, livestock, and metals mined in the local mountains – to

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called ʿUrwa bin Hayyad al-Milasi, who shot him with an arrow, killing him. His brother Qays who was with him, fled to Abraha and told him the news, which increased his rage and fury and he swore to raid the Kinana tribe and destroy the Ka'bah. Ibn Ishaq further states that one of the men of the

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Muslims believe that in the divine revelation to Muhammad, the Quran, Allah describes the mountains of Safa and Marwah as symbols of His divinity. Walking between the two mountains seven times, 4 times from Safa to Marwah and 3 times from Marwah interchangeably, is considered a mandatory pillar

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to touch and kiss the stone. The area around the stone is generally always crowded and guarded by policemen to ensure the pilgrims' safety. In Islamic tradition, the stone was sent down from Jannah (Paradise) and used to build the Ka'bah. It used to be a white stone (and was whiter than milk).

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as governor of the city. His other activities in Arabia led to the unification of the Arabian Peninsula under the banner of Islam. Muhammad died in 632 CE. Within the next few hundred years, the area under the banner of Islam stretched from North Africa into Asia and parts of Europe. As the

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has cast doubt on the claim that Mecca was a major historical trading outpost. However, other scholars such as Glen W. Bowersock disagree and assert that Mecca was a major trading outpost. Crone later on disregarded some of her theories. She argues that Meccan trade relied on skins, hides,

2798:, the Sharif of Mecca was overthrown by the Saud family, and Mecca was incorporated into Saudi Arabia. Under Saudi rule, much of the historic city has been demolished as a result of the Saudi government fearing these sites might become sites of association in worship besides Allah ( 1742:

While one individual has suggested that Mecca’s population at the time of Muhammad was around 550, research published by Binimad Al-Ateeqi in 2020 shows that the population was closer to 10,000 individuals, a figure extrapolated from data taken from historical records about the

2500:, allies of the Quraish, violated the truce by slaughtering a group of the Banu Khuza'ah, allies of the Muslims. Muhammad and his companions, now 10,000 strong, marched into Mecca and conquered the city. The pagan imagery was destroyed by Muhammad's followers and the location 2190:, all along the south-western coast that borders the Red Sea, in a habitable region between the sea and the Hejaz mountains to the east. Although the area around Mecca was completely barren, it was the wealthiest of the three settlements with abundant water from the renowned 4248:. Thousands of Saudis are employed year-round to oversee the Hajj and staff the hotels and shops that cater to pilgrims; these workers in turn have increased the demand for housing and services. The city is now ringed by freeways and contains shopping malls and skyscrapers. 2892:

and the Ka'bah, must be held by those of true faith. The rebels seized tens of thousands of pilgrims as hostages and barricaded themselves in the mosque. The siege lasted two weeks, and resulted in several hundred deaths and significant damage to the shrine, especially the

2496:, whereby the Quraysh and their allies promised to cease fighting Muslims and their allies and promised that Muslims would be allowed into the city to perform the pilgrimage the following year. It was meant to be a ceasefire for 10 years; however, just two years later, the 3232:

This is a mountain believed by Muslims to have been the place where Muhammad spent his time away from the bustling city of Mecca in seclusion. The mountain is located on the eastern entrance of the city and is the highest point in the city at 642 meters (2,106 feet).

3135:: an ornamental, embroidered curtain that was replaced annually. Currently, it is placed inside a golden-metal enclosure. The outer casing has changed a number of times over the years; historic photographs show that the arch of the Banu Shaybah Gate stood next to it. 4724:(9 Dhu al-Hijjah), and increased until 1957, at which time Radio Makkah became the most powerful station in the Middle East at 50 kW. Later, power was increased 9-fold to 450 kW. Music was not immediately broadcast, but gradually folk music was introduced. 3317:

The city center lies in a corridor between mountains, which is often called the "Hollow of Mecca". The area contains the valley of al-Taneem, the valley of Bakkah and the valley of Abqar. This mountainous location has defined the contemporary expansion of the city.

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western Arabia, specifically the Syro-Palestinian frontier and Yemen, where historians have various sources available such as physical remains of shrines, inscriptions, observations by Greco-Roman authors, and information collected by church historians. The area of

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and is capable of transporting 60 million passengers annually. Each train can achieve speeds of up to 300 kmh (190 mph), traveling a total distance of 450 km (280 mi), reducing the travel time between the two cities to less than two hours.

2209:. However, it was also the time each year that disputes would be arbitrated, debts would be resolved, and trading would occur at Meccan fairs. These annual events gave the tribes a sense of common identity and made Mecca an important focus for the peninsula. 3297:. Traditional, historical homes built of local rock, two to three stories long are still present within the city's central area, within view of modern hotels and shopping complexes. The total area of modern Mecca is over 1,200 km (460 sq mi). 7187:"Miscellaneous works: comprising An inquiry into the antiquity of the small-pox, measles, and scarlet fever, now first published; Reports on the diseases in London, a new ed.; and detached papers on medical subjects, collected from various periodical publi" 4276:, but some private schools founded by foreign entities such as International schools use the English language as the medium of instruction. Some of these are coeducational while other schools are not. For higher education, the city has only one university, 1804:

Ptolemy lists the names of 50 cities in Arabia, one going by the name of Macoraba. There has been speculation since 1646 that this could be a reference to Mecca. Historically, there has been a general consensus in scholarship that Macoraba mentioned by

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origin had come to constitute 20% of the population. The Burmese are an older, more established community who number roughly 250,000. Adding to this, the discovery of oil in the past 50 years has brought hundreds of thousands of working immigrants.

4720:, the existing network was greatly expanded and improved. Since then, radio communication has been used extensively in directing the pilgrimage and addressing the pilgrims. This practice started in 1950, with the initiation of broadcasts on the 3435:

began a construction project to rebuild the aqueduct in its entirety, the project took until 1571 CE to be completed. Its water quality was greatly lacking during the 19th century until a restoration and cleaning project by Osman Pasha began.

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settled with them, and Isma'il reportedly married two women, one after divorcing the first, on Ibrahim's advice. At least one man of the Jurhum helped Ismāʿīl and his father to construct or according to Islamic narratives, reconstruct, the

4683:, there were about 20 public telephones in the entire city; in 1936, the number jumped to 450, totaling about half the telephones in the country. During that time, telephone lines were extended to Jeddah and Ta'if, but not to the capital, 1876:

manufactured leather goods, clarified butter, Hijazi woollens, and camels. She suggests that most of these goods were destined for the Roman army, which is known to have required colossal quantities of leather and hides for its equipment.

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also enumerated many cities of Western Arabia, most of which can be identified. According to Bowersock, he did mention Mecca as "Geapolis" or "Hierapolis", the latter one meaning "holy city" potentially referring to the sanctuary of the

1725:. The fossil habitat, near what is now the Red Sea in western Saudi Arabia, was a damp forest area between 28 million and 29 million years ago. Paleontologists involved in the research hope to find further fossils in the area. 5643: 4193:

The Meccan economy has been heavily dependent on pilgrimages coming for Umrah and Hajj. Income generated through pilgrims not only powers the Meccan economy but has historically had far-reaching effects on the economy of the entire

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Limited radio communication was established within the Kingdom under the Hashemites. In 1929, wireless stations were set up in various towns in the region, creating a network that would become fully functional by 1932. Soon after

4583:; towering over the Great Mosque, it is a seven-building complex with the central clock tower having a length of 601 m (1,972 feet), making it the world's fourth-tallest building. All seven buildings in the complex also form the 2205:, but once a year they would declare a truce and converge upon Mecca in an annual pilgrimage. Up to the 7th century, this journey was intended for religious reasons by the pagan Arabs to pay homage to their shrine, and to drink 4598:

where non-Muslims are prohibited from entering. The gate was designed in 1979 by an Egyptian architect, Samir Elabd, for the architectural firm IDEA Center. The structure is that of a book, representing the Quran, sitting on a

3345:, that produced generally brackish water. Finding a sustainable water source to supply Mecca's permanent population and the large number of annual pilgrims was an undertaking that began in the Abbasid era under the auspices of 3285:. Mecca is one of the lowest cities in elevation in the Hejaz region, located at an elevation of 277 m (909 ft) above sea level at 21º23' north latitude and 39º51' east longitude. Mecca is divided into 34 districts. 1771:

The first clear reference to Mecca in non-Islamic literature appears in 741 CE, long after the death of Muhammad, in the Byzantine-Arab Chronicle, though here the author places the region in Mesopotamia rather than the Hejaz.

4467:, as they are considered non-Muslims. Nevertheless, many non-Muslims and Ahmadis have visited the city as these restrictions are loosely enforced. The first such recorded example of a non-Muslim entering the city is that of 1763:

who has written extensively about the early history of Mecca, also makes deductions about the numbers of women, children, servants, and slaves living in Mecca at the time, pointing out that some wealthy individuals, such as

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in English has come to be used to refer to any place that draws large numbers of people, and because of this some English-speaking Muslims have come to regard the use of this spelling for the city as offensive. Nonetheless,

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gallery. A multinational force was finally able to retake the mosque from the dissidents. Since then, the Grand Mosque has been expanded several times, with many other expansions being undertaken in the present day.

2555:(r. 644–656 CE) when concerns of flooding caused the caliphs to bring in Christian engineers to build barrages in the low-lying quarters and construct dykes and embankments to protect the area around the Kaaba. 15972: 2785:

pilgrims, stated that with the Ottoman Turkish authorities gone, the Hajj of 1916 was free of the previous massive extortion and monetary demands made by the Turks who were agents of the Ottoman government.

1470:, it is said to be more specifically the early name for the valley located therein, while Muslim scholars generally use it to refer to the sacred area of the city that immediately surrounds and includes the 5546: 2329:, the next day, a dark cloud of small birds sent by Allah appeared. The birds carried small rocks in their beaks, and bombarded the Ethiopian forces, and smashed them to a state like that of eaten straw. 2312:

Abraha eventually attacked Mecca. However, the lead elephant, known as Mahmud, is said to have stopped at the boundary around Mecca and refused to enter. It has been theorized that an epidemic such as by

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The Hajj pilgrimage, also called the greater pilgrimage, attracts millions of Muslims from all over the world and almost triples Mecca's population for one week in the twelfth and final Islamic month of

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The city centers on the al-Haram area, which contains the Masjid al-Haram. The area around the mosque is the old city and contains the most famous district of Mecca, Ajyad. The main street that runs to

2394: 5493: 2677:, which held Mecca until 1813, destroying some of the historic tombs and domes in and around the city. The Ottomans assigned the task of bringing Mecca back under Ottoman control to their powerful 2487:). The conflict between the Quraysh and the Muslims is accepted to have begun at this point. Overall, Meccan efforts to annihilate Islam failed and proved to be costly and unsuccessful. During the 4272:

and private schools for males and another 681 public and private schools for female students. The medium of instruction in both public and private schools is Arabic with emphasis on English as a

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with a message that al-Qullays was both much better than other houses of worship and purer, having not been defiled by the housing of idols. When Muhammad ibn Khuza'i got as far as the land of

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The city today is at the junction of the two most important highways in all of the Saudi Arabian highway system, Highway 40, which connects the city to Jeddah in the west and the capital,

7483: 3166: 2257:. Abraha attempted to divert the pilgrimage of the Arabs from the Ka'bah to al-Qullays, effectively converting them to Christianity. According to Islamic tradition, this was the year of 7956: 8962:, by John Bagot Glubb, Assʿad Sulaiman Abdo, Swati Chopra, Darshana Das, Michael Levy, Gloria Lotha, Michael Ray, Surabhi Sinha, Noah Tesch, Amy Tikkanen, Grace Young and Adam Zeidan 8760: 8703: 3443:. According to al-Kurdī, there had been 89 floods by 1965. In the last century, the most severe flood was that of 1942. Since then, dams have been built to ameliorate this problem. 1785:, describing a holy shrine: "And a temple has been set up there, which is very holy and exceedingly revered by all Arabians". Claims have been made this could be a reference to the 1809:

in the 2nd century CE is indeed Mecca, but more recently, this has been questioned. Bowersock favors the identity of the former, with his theory being that "Macoraba" is the word "

7625: 2350:, and negotiated safe passages for caravans, giving them water and pasture rights. Mecca became the center of a loose confederation of client tribes, which included those of the 8610: 5229: 7464: 3125:

the casing is square shaped and measures 40 cm (16 in) in length and width, and 20 cm (7.9 in) in height. It used to be enclosed by a structure called the

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on the other hand, writes that "the plain truth is that the name Macoraba has nothing to do with that of Mecca if Ptolemy mentions Mecca at all, he calls it Moka, a town in

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CE, and for some time thereafter, the city figured little in politics, remaining a city of devotion and scholarship governed by various other factions. In 930 CE, Mecca was

4687:. By 1985, Mecca, like other Saudi cities, possessed modern telephone, telex, radio and television communications. Many television stations serve the city area, including 4214:, which is mainly based on oil exports. The few industries operating in Mecca include textiles, furniture, and utensils. The majority of the economy is service-oriented. 3011:

Mecca holds an important place in Islam and is considered the holiest city in all branches of the religion. The city derives its importance from the role it plays in the

2941:. The reason for much of the destruction of historic buildings has been for the construction of hotels, apartments, parking lots, and other infrastructure facilities for 9009: 5917: 2907: 1395: 14514: 6437: 3305:

Mecca is at an elevation of 277 m (909 ft) above sea level, and approximately 70 km (44 mi) inland from the Red Sea. It is one of the lowest in the

16090: 5556: 4256: 1611:, was also claimed to be Mecca. Some studies have questioned this association. Many etymologies have been proposed: the traditional one is that it is derived from the 6820:

G. Lankester Harding & Enno Littman, Some Thamudic Inscriptions from the Hashimite Kingdom of the Jordan (Leiden, Netherlands – 1952), p. 19, Inscription No. 112A

1765: 8634: 5670: 14239: 4594:, known popularly as the Quran Gate, sits on the western entrance of the city, which is the route from Jeddah. Located on Highway 40, it marks the boundary of the 6208: 14121: 4785:, in the east. The other, Highway 15, connects Mecca to the other holy Islamic city of Medina approximately 400 km (250 mi) in the north and onward to 4410:

There are also many walk-in clinics available for both residents and pilgrims. Several temporary clinics are set up during the Hajj to tend to wounded pilgrims.

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Under the Saudi government, Mecca is governed by the Mecca Regional Municipality, a municipal council of 14 locally elected members headed by the mayor (called

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in the south. The Ottomans had planned to extend their railway network to the holy city, but were forced to abandon this plan due to their entry into the

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undertook the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina disguised as a Muslim. Although Burton was certainly not the first non-Muslim European to make the

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Photius, Diodorus and Strabo (English): Stanley M. Burnstein (tr.), Agatharchides of Cnidus: On the Eritraean Sea (1989), 132–173, esp. 152–3 (§92).)

5523: 1914: 4202:, and many of these taxes existed to as late as 1972. Another way the Hajj generates income is through services to pilgrims. For example, the Saudi 3341:

has been an issue throughout its history. In pre-modern Mecca, the city used a few chief sources of water. Among them were local wells, such as the

16217: 14205: 8539: 6750: 364: 2582:, in modern-day Iraq, which remained the center of the Islamic Empire for nearly 500 years. Mecca re-entered Islamic political history during the 2175:. The Sassanids however did not always pose a threat to Mecca, as in 575 CE they protected it from a Yemeni invasion, led by its Christian leader 9002: 2119:. In the 5th century, the Quraish took control of Mecca, and became skilled merchants and traders. In the 6th century, they joined the lucrative 1441:, which constitutes Mecca and the surrounding region, is the capital of the Mecca Province, which includes the neighbouring cities of Jeddah and 119: 10459: 8145: 4531:. As a result of the vast numbers of pilgrims coming to the city each year, Mecca has become by far the most diverse city in the Muslim world. 1382:

and his allies in 1925. Since then, Mecca has seen a tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, with newer, modern buildings such as the

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chronology of the Patriarchs, of unknown date but probably composed in the 10th century CE, it is claimed that Mecca was built by the sons of

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is a metro line in Mecca opened on 13 November 2010. The 18.1-kilometer (11.2-mile) elevated metro transports pilgrims to the holy sites of '

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for regional connections. To cater to the large number of Hajj pilgrims, Jeddah Airport has a Hajj Terminal, specifically for use during the

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and Southeast Asia, Europe and Africa. Many of these pilgrims have remained and become residents of the city. By the 19th century, people of

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Situated atop Jabal an-Nur, this is the cave where Muslims believe Muhammad received the first revelation from Allah through the archangel

1251: 4801:. Mecca is served by four ring roads, and these are very crowded compared to the three ring roads of Medina. Mecca also has many tunnels. 4240:, bakeries, farming and banking. The city has grown substantially in the 20th and 21st centuries, as the convenience and affordability of 1410:

in Medina and their auxiliary service facilities in order to accommodate the ever-increasing number of Muslims performing the pilgrimage (

250: 16504: 16276: 16105: 14544: 14136: 8110: 7836: 7122: 8218: 7853: 7319: 1973:. It was Adam himself who built the first God's house in Mecca according to a heavenly prototype but this building was destroyed in the 16474: 16434: 15695: 15229: 8995: 5175:"Makkah (Makkah al-Mukarramah, Mecca Region, Saudi Arabia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information" 4228:

Nevertheless, many industries have been set up in Mecca. Various types of enterprises that have existed since 1970 in the city include

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Muslim rulers from in and around the region long tried to take the city and keep it in their control, and thus, much like most of the

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is its Defender, and I am sure he will save it from the attack of the adversaries and will not dishonor the servants of His House."

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system which runs at 300 km/h (190 mph) and connects the two cities via Jeddah, King Abdulaziz International Airport and

2851:. This plan was later carried out by the Saudi government, which connected the two holy cities of Medina and Mecca with the modern 2358:, Ghassanids, and Lakhmids were in decline leaving Meccan trade to be the primary binding force in Arabia in the late 6th century. 1290: 8669: 5085: 4557:

is now the most popular sport in Mecca and the kingdom, and the city hosts some of the oldest sport clubs in Saudi Arabia such as

1433:. In 2015, the mayor of the city was Osama bin Fadhel Al-Barr; as of January 2022, the mayor is Saleh Al-Turki. The City of Mecca 16085: 14190: 14111: 8575: 7380: 5720: 915: 8972: 8458: 2278:

tribe was angered by this, and going to Sana'a, entering the church at night and defiling it; widely assumed to have done so by

14802: 14536: 14131: 13021: 8720: 7245: 7026: 4584: 4198:. The income was generated in a number of ways. One method was taxing the pilgrims. Taxes were especially increased during the 3073:. Regardless, it was built several times before reaching its current state. The Ka'bah is also the common direction of prayer ( 1548:

is the official transliteration used by the Saudi government and is closer to the Arabic pronunciation. The government adopted

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season; the terminal can accommodate 47 planes simultaneously while receiving 3,800 pilgrims per hour during the Hajj season.

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was sent by Abraha to advise them that Abraha only wished to demolish the Ka'bah and if they resisted, they would be crushed.

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or of similar origin and believed by Muslims to be of divine origin. It is set in the eastern corner of the Ka'bah and it is

1835: 802: 9783: 4443:, on average 2–4 million Muslims arrive in the city to take part in the rites known as Hajj. Pilgrims are from varying 3454:

have been constructed and are being constructed to provide suitable amounts of water fit for human consumption to the city.

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did this in 1503), his pilgrimage remains one of the most famous and documented of modern times. Mecca was regularly hit by

15862: 15807: 10793: 8007: 4890: 4738: 3353:. She donated funds for the deepening of Zamzam Well and funded a massive construction project likely costing 1.75 million 3047:. According to Islamic tradition, a prayer in the masjid is equal to 100,000 prayers in any other masjid around the world. 2805: 312: 8644: 8200: 7709: 5174: 3031:

is the site of two of the most important rites of both the Hajj and of the Umrah, the circumambulation around the Ka'bah (

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Nassar, Nahla (2013). "Dar al-Kiswa al-Sharifa: Administration and Production". In Porter, Venetia; Saif, Liana (eds.).

4537:, a local fast-food chain, is very popular among pilgrims and locals alike. Until 2018, it was available only in Mecca, 4432:

industry. 'Iyad Madani, the Saudi Arabian Minister for Hajj, was quoted saying, "We never stop preparing for the Hajj."

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Because of the worldly sins of man, it slowly changed color to black over the years after it was brought down to Earth.

16147: 15930: 8923:. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 2008 7772: 7000: 6355: 6198: 5387: 12663: 7497: 5430: 4283:

Healthcare is provided by the Saudi government free of charge to all pilgrims. There are ten main hospitals in Mecca:

2384: 16244: 16080: 15960: 15877: 15872: 15812: 15675: 13993: 13947: 13607: 13601: 11008: 10707: 8927: 8520: 7008: 6730: 6673: 5370: 4704: 4632:. The Saudi regime expanded this press into a larger operation, introducing the new Saudi official gazette of Mecca, 4516: 4161: 3173: 980: 221: 3439:

Another source which sporadically provided water was rainfall which was stored by the people in small reservoirs or

2444:

in Mecca in 570 CE, and thus Islam has been inextricably linked with it ever since. He was born into the faction of

1554:

as the official spelling in the 1980s, but it is not universally known or used worldwide. The full official name is

16380: 16269: 16178: 15787: 13864: 13720: 13197: 13093: 12901: 12891: 9787: 9545: 4874: 4857: 4815: 4680: 2769:, the Sharif of Mecca to revolt against the Ottoman Empire and it was the first city captured by his forces in the 2766: 1301: 580: 10075: 8480: 5426: 5111: 3473: 16479: 16388: 16336: 16112: 16044: 15902: 14358: 14164: 12655: 8977: 8560: 4419: 2981: 2717: 2379: 1789:

in Mecca. However, the geographic location Diodorus describes is located in northwest Arabia, around the area of

1748: 1172: 3079:) for all Muslims. The surface surrounding the Ka'bah on which Muslims circumambulate it is known as the Mataf. 2777:, declaring himself the Sharif of the state and Mecca his capital. News reports in November 1916 via contact in 2471:

against Meccan paganism, and after enduring persecution from the pagan tribes for 13 years, Muhammad emigrated (

16162: 15907: 15756: 15339: 14423: 13971: 13869: 5675: 4527:

Mecca's culture has been affected by the large number of pilgrims that arrive annually, and thus boasts a rich

3485: 2620: 1117: 7271: 3281:. The city is situated in a valley with the same name around 70 km (44 mi) east of the port city of 2201:

The harsh conditions and terrain of the Arabian peninsula meant a near-constant state of conflict between the

139: 16034: 15822: 13781: 13540: 13217: 11470: 11014: 8755: 8698: 8674: 8639: 8615: 8304: 7884: 2000:('Cube'), which would have social, religious, political and historical implications for the site and region. 1511:, established for mankind was that at Bakkah". This is said to have been the name of the city at the time of 851: 11322: 10202: 5199: 4737:

The only airport near the city is the Mecca East airport, which is not active. Mecca is primarily served by

2773:. Sharif's revolt proved a turning point of the war on the eastern front. Hussein declared a new state, the 2296:, intending to demolish it. When news of the advance of his army came, the Arab tribes of Quraysh, Kinanah, 16499: 16259: 16205: 16100: 16049: 16029: 15945: 15917: 15887: 15668: 15169: 14343: 14320: 13930: 13786: 13776: 13682: 13335: 9825: 7901: 5520: 4951: 4463:, and using fraudulent documents to do so may result in arrest and prosecution. The prohibition extends to 4268:

system in Mecca has many public and private schools for both males and females. As of 2005, there were 532

2694: 2616: 2388: 1638:, meaning "Mother of all Settlements"). The city has been called several other names in both the Quran and 1436: 883: 7436: 2183:

for aid, in response to which he came south to Arabia with foot-soldiers and a fleet of ships near Mecca.

1246:, in a narrow valley 277 m (909 ft) above sea level. Its metropolitan population in 2022 was 2.4 16299: 16239: 16075: 15982: 15950: 15751: 14445: 14310: 14116: 13884: 13677: 13054: 12177: 10428: 10419: 9113: 5506:

A Saudi tower: Mecca versus Las Vegas: Taller, holier and even more popular than (almost) anywhere else,

4894: 4878: 4623: 4501: 3262: 2856: 2852: 2685: 930: 757: 3392:' and smaller water sources in the area to Mecca in addition to the construction of a waterworks on 3228:, the mountain atop which is the Hira cave, where it is believed Muhammad received his first revelation. 16324: 16195: 16117: 15319: 15234: 14795: 14529: 14195: 14078: 13595: 13014: 10644: 8801: 4662: 4221: 970: 10662: 8932: 8263: 7982:"Sun, Sand And Water: Solar-Powered Desalination Plant Will Help Supply Saudi Arabia With Fresh Water" 6608:

Bowersock, G. W. (2017). The crucible of Islam. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press. pp. 50 ff

5417: 4769:

Mecca, similar to Medina, lies at the junction of two of the most important highways in Saudi Arabia,

16264: 16227: 16222: 16157: 15967: 15935: 15925: 15817: 15775: 15609: 14288: 14275: 13976: 13805: 13501: 13223: 13186: 10599: 9427: 8402: 5452: 4770: 4746: 4479:, the founder of Sikhism, is said to have visited Mecca in December 1518. One of the most famous was 4460: 2954: 2813: 2508:

alone. Mecca was declared the holiest site in Islam ordaining it as the center of Muslim pilgrimage (

1449: 1065: 777: 374: 14812: 14780: 12626:

Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

12200: 10449: 8149: 4424:

Mecca is very densely populated. Most long-term residents live in the Old City, the area around the

16370: 16358: 16341: 16254: 16190: 16039: 15996: 15841: 15827: 15219: 14440: 14159: 13983: 13756: 13236: 12497: 11599: 11287: 11187: 8837:"Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam – The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change" 4676: 3432: 2638:

One of the most famous travelers to Mecca in the 14th century was a Moroccan scholar and traveler,

1954: 1430: 997: 797: 493: 317: 8825: 8235: 3000:

involves pilgrims visiting Al-Haram Mosque, but mainly camping and spending time in the plains of

16427: 16365: 16286: 16249: 16152: 16063: 16019: 15797: 15703: 15224: 14298: 13109: 10286: 10029: 9689: 8440:

Dr Harjinder Singh Dilgeer says that Mecca was not banned to non-Muslim till nineteenth century;

6839:

Hawting, G.R. (1980). "The Disappearance and Rediscovery of Zamzam and the 'Well of the Ka'ba'".

5616: 5064:

Possibly following their pilgrimage in 805 CE and seeing the city's issues with its water supply.

4679:

pressed them forward as he saw them as a means of convenience and better governance. While under

4562: 4211: 3424: 3358: 3346: 2587: 1974: 1375: 592: 300: 13263: 11362: 11145: 10224: 9663: 6621:

Crone, Patricia (2007). "Quraysh and the Roman Army: Making Sense of the Meccan Leather Trade".

5582: 2558:

Muhammad's return to Medina shifted the focus away from Mecca and later even further away when '

16484: 16398: 16304: 16095: 15766: 14455: 14384: 14353: 14283: 13207: 13202: 13120: 12859: 12193: 11443: 10698: 10639: 10529: 10009: 9400: 8912: 5889: 5448: 5447:

prohibits the veneration of shrines, tombs, and sacred objects, many sites associated with the

5051: 5022: 5000: 4480: 4277: 4170: 3406: 3371: 2930: 2795: 2770: 2702: 2164: 1752: 1402:. However, many of the demolitions have officially been part of the continued expansion of the 1352: 1235: 1046: 812: 31: 17: 8836: 8361: 7832: 7126: 6928: 6173:

Title Journeys in holy lands: the evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael legends in Islamic exegesis

6171: 5846: 5815: 5148: 3257: 2866:

of Mecca, in which the entry of non-Muslims is forbidden, is much larger than that of Medina.

16443: 16353: 16346: 16331: 16319: 16309: 16210: 16200: 16014: 15259: 14788: 14522: 14401: 14379: 13130: 13007: 12760: 11698: 11567: 11464: 10259: 10126: 9915: 9819: 9674: 9587: 9299: 9064: 8215: 8171: 7957:"FCC Aqualia wins contract to operate two wastewater treatment plants in Mecca, Saudi Arabia" 7857: 6806: 6791: 6776: 6383:, William Heinemann Ltd., London & Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1935, p. 217. 6154: 6036: 6008: 5969: 5788: 5610: 5332: 5312: 4692: 4574: 4425: 2894: 2746: 2690: 2515: 2493: 2081: 1781: 1672::21. Arab and Islamic tradition holds that the wilderness of Paran, broadly speaking, is the 1330: 1041: 866: 650: 605: 485: 5299:

Mecca was the cradle of Islam, and Islam, according to Muhammad, is the religion of Abraham.

3309:

region, although some mountain peaks in Mecca reach 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in height.

1266:

from other countries. Pilgrims more than triple the population number every year during the

16494: 16403: 15955: 15882: 15544: 15414: 15289: 14058: 13965: 13910: 12838: 12794: 11720: 11315: 11199: 11181: 10330: 10156: 8081: 7548: 7522: 4688: 4554: 4468: 3389: 2885: 2875: 2710: 2669:

In 1517, the then Sharif of Mecca, Barakat bin Muhammad, acknowledged the supremacy of the

2595: 2591: 2488: 2218: 1822: 12984: 10249: 8338: 8059: 7601: 6930:

The history of the medieval world: from the conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade

5271:

Mecca, "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam," would be the center of Islamic timekeeping.

8: 16448: 15284: 15264: 15204: 14663: 14293: 14169: 14063: 13879: 13318: 13115: 12958: 12875: 12648: 11749: 11693: 11488: 11156: 10798: 10021: 9716: 9386: 9168: 9145: 8363:

Islam in an Era of Nation-States: Politics and Religious Renewal in Muslim Southeast Asia

5821: 5012: 4923: 4902: 4786: 3418: 3383: 2832: 2658: 2468: 1570: 1407: 1165: 1051: 685: 585: 10654: 10580: 7651: 7367: 16132: 16004: 15857: 15736: 15721: 15716: 15711: 15484: 15209: 14729: 14699: 14460: 14374: 14305: 14215: 14151: 13959: 13935: 13612: 13590: 13550: 13392: 13295: 13246: 13212: 13103: 12816: 12106: 12075: 11548: 11194: 10946: 10768: 10090: 9218: 6993: 6864: 6856: 6722: 6646: 6638: 6328: 5878: 5575: 5551: 5532: 4967: 4827: 3469: 3202: 3177: 3001: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2881: 2754: 2701:

that lasted until 1891 and led on to the present country of Saudi Arabia. In 1853, Sir

2698: 2527: 1884: 1865: 1849: 1075: 1032: 1002: 985: 960: 905: 861: 573: 189: 169: 13458: 12964: 8572: 5716: 2233:, Abraha descended upon Mecca, riding an elephant, with a large army after building a 16294: 15731: 15726: 15489: 15399: 15274: 14894: 14879: 14435: 14430: 14335: 14325: 14315: 13988: 13874: 13826: 13669: 13580: 13283: 13273: 13268: 13258: 13253: 13086: 12728: 12713: 12688: 12562: 11754: 11739: 11675: 11134: 10860: 10445: 10344: 10122: 10102: 10095: 9161: 8897: 8867: 8848: 8805: 8782: 8454: 8367: 8284: 7754: 7744: 7691: 7681: 7582: 7313: 7004: 6934: 6868: 6756: 6726: 6669: 6650: 6586: 6520: 6482: 6416: 6351: 6332: 6277: 6267: 6237: 6177: 6111: 6042: 6012: 6001: 5979: 5941: 5893: 5856: 5825: 5794: 5752: 5702: 5620: 5586: 5366: 5338: 5318: 5288: 5260: 5154: 4972: 4600: 4553:

In pre-modern Mecca, the most common sports were impromptu wrestling and foot races.

4528: 4280:, which was established in 1949 as a college and became a public university in 1981. 4233: 4195: 4114: 4067: 4016: 2674: 2670: 2575: 2567: 2375: 2371: 2301: 2234: 2187: 2112: 2093: 1857: 1794: 1612: 1600:

is the familiar form of the English transliteration for the Arabic name of the city.

1126: 1112: 1080: 1027: 940: 900: 762: 440: 8728: 7241: 7023: 2673:

but retained a great degree of local autonomy. In 1803 the city was captured by the

2261:'s birth. Abraha allegedly sent a messenger named Muhammad ibn Khuza'i to Mecca and 16514: 16009: 15746: 15314: 15269: 15039: 14999: 14874: 14465: 14450: 14200: 13905: 13627: 13565: 13555: 13545: 13530: 13278: 13181: 13153: 13041: 12968: 12534: 12134: 12127: 12047: 11806: 11734: 11681: 11589: 11409: 10996: 10735: 10678: 10536: 10464: 10325: 9870: 9720: 9695: 9653: 9327: 9186: 7171: 6848: 6630: 6318: 6308: 6229: 6224: 6103: 5925: 4619: 4558: 4440: 4199: 3463: 3294: 3130: 3061:

There is a difference of opinion between Islamic scholars upon who first built the

2774: 2552: 2431:) is believed to stand on the spot where Muhammad was born, so it is also known as 2254: 2202: 2128: 2004: 1978: 1776: 1718: 1604: 1512: 1508: 1391: 1348: 1344: 1278: 1191: 925: 920: 871: 856: 841: 750: 629: 344: 340: 145: 8500: 7096: 7046: 2092:

Sometime in the 5th century, the Ka'bah was a place of worship for the deities of

1686:

was "an arabized Hebrew word, one of the names of Mecca mentioned in the Torah."

1289:. With over 10.8 million international visitors in 2023, Mecca was one of the ten 15741: 15584: 15459: 14969: 14391: 14088: 14033: 13833: 13519: 13479: 13368: 13324: 13098: 12693: 12324: 12085: 12041: 11171: 10855: 10557: 10469: 9950: 9773: 9621: 9304: 9268: 8987: 8579: 8507: 8222: 8204: 7888: 7608: 7471: 7406: 7400: 7387: 7341: 7186: 7053: 7030: 6714: 5937: 5852: 5746: 5527: 5488: 5463:

have estimated that as many as 95 percent of the historic sites around Mecca and

5460: 5034: 4991: 4962: 4836:

season. It consists of nine stations, three in each of the aforementioned towns.

4696: 4675:

Telecommunications in the city were emphasized early under the Saudi reign. King

4626:. During the Hashemite period, it was used to print the city's official gazette, 4312: 4273: 3447: 3397: 3362: 3350: 3246: 3066: 2889: 2848: 2317:

could have caused such a failed invasion of Mecca. The reference to the story in

2297: 2186:

By the middle of the 6th century, there were three major settlements in northern

2152: 2108: 1943: 1677: 1661: 1561: 1403: 1107: 1060: 876: 836: 825: 807: 710: 655: 568: 183: 125: 10070: 5388:"Dr. Ehsan Bayat - 6 Facts You Need to Know about the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower" 4830:

in the city to reduce congestion on the road and is only operational during the

2888:, claiming the Saudi royal family no longer represented pure Islam and that the 16469: 15977: 15184: 15159: 15139: 15094: 14816: 14689: 14638: 14587: 14503: 14220: 14073: 13915: 13617: 12948: 12821: 12782: 12723: 12641: 12187: 12155: 12115: 11982: 11973: 11744: 11729: 11668: 11385: 11305: 11246: 10915: 10763: 10541: 10280: 10253: 10229: 10064: 10048: 9901: 9860: 9832: 9799: 9726: 9643: 9631: 9609: 9593: 9434: 8983:

Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Makkahh, by Richard Burton

8832: 8425: 8196: 7717: 7574: 6585:. Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University. pp. 3 ff. 6091: 5967: 5913: 4957: 4946: 4545:, and traveling to Jeddah just to get a taste of the fried chicken was common. 4497: 4217: 3481: 3428: 3338: 3331: 3144: 2938: 2607: 2522: 2433: 2355: 2339: 2305: 2070:

There were also some other inscriptions which contained personal names such as

1982: 1939: 1872: 1839: 1831: 1798: 1744: 1399: 1223: 1158: 1020: 1007: 965: 910: 524: 305: 11559: 7695: 7680:. Al-Nawawi, Imam., Muslim, Imam Abul-Husain. La Vergne: Kube Publishing Ltd. 7486:, The Independent, 19 April 2006 | archived from the original on 10 March 2009 7465:'The destruction of Mecca: Saudi hardliners are wiping out their own heritage' 7334: 6852: 6634: 1890:

Codex Ṣanʿāʾ DAM 01–29.1, folio 29a, radiocarbon dated between 633 and 665 CE.

16489: 16463: 15649: 15619: 15349: 15114: 15089: 14406: 14233: 14083: 13622: 13585: 13560: 13397: 12765: 12182: 11894: 11817: 11794: 11239: 10649: 10605: 10546: 10512: 10436: 10335: 10269: 9911: 9880: 9615: 9563: 7758: 7308: 6281: 6241: 6115: 5975: 5929: 5921: 5606: 5507: 4853: 4644: 4580: 3895: 3225: 3193: 3114: 2921: 2917: 2800: 2762: 2720:. Between 1830 and 1930, cholera broke out among pilgrims at Mecca 27 times. 2599: 2535:

Jeddah, and came overland, or joined the annual caravans from Syria or Iraq.

2472: 2453: 2410: 2396: 2300:

and Hudhayl united in the defense of the Ka'bah and the city. A man from the

2008: 1665: 1446: 1383: 1371: 1314: 1284: 1274: 1085: 990: 950: 265: 252: 175: 10967: 10573: 9741: 7784: 7176: 7159: 6841:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

6829:

Jawwad Ali, The Detailed History of Arabs before Islam (1993), Vol. 4, p. 11

6623:

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

6313: 6296: 2547:. Muslim rulers did contribute to its upkeep, such as during the reigns of ' 1717:

is considered to be a primate closely related to the common ancestor of the

15691: 15579: 15479: 15359: 15344: 15309: 15189: 15179: 15164: 15104: 15099: 15069: 14994: 14959: 14849: 14694: 14547: 14493: 14418: 14068: 13920: 13798: 13514: 13363: 13348: 13062: 12833: 12804: 12799: 12733: 12666: 12278: 12035: 11621: 11554: 11220: 11177: 10869: 10850: 10845: 10634: 10590: 10085: 9670: 9583: 9337: 9252: 9235: 9127: 9054: 8513: 7155: 6746: 6203: 6156:

A series of essays on the life of Muhammad: and subjects subsidiary thereto

5547:"'Cultural genocide of Islamic heritage' in Saudi Arabia riles Sunni Sufis" 5412: 5358: 4937: 4819: 4721: 4717: 4700: 4595: 4444: 4269: 4241: 4203: 3451: 3393: 3210: 3070: 2863: 2758: 2583: 2531: 2293: 2270: 2266: 2140: 1700: 1608: 1319:("Mountain of Light"), just outside the city, is where Muslims believe the 1263: 1231: 1146: 1092: 829: 561: 550: 293: 159: 15354: 10773: 10291: 9637: 8910:

Watt, W. Montgomery. "Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods."

8779:

What life was like in the lands of the prophet: Islamic world, AD 570–1405

8524: 8305:"After the hajj: Mecca residents grow hostile to changes in the holy city" 7097:"Significance Behind Prophet Mohammad's Birth in the Year of the Elephant" 6233: 6063:"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Maacah, Maacah, Macoraba" 5041: 16127: 15569: 15329: 15304: 15249: 15239: 15079: 15064: 15059: 15024: 14979: 14919: 14914: 14909: 14854: 14045: 13535: 13443: 13343: 13230: 12896: 12811: 12787: 12775: 12468: 12261: 12016: 11958: 11947: 11581: 11541: 11482: 11348: 11337: 11333: 10875: 10788: 10783: 9371: 8955: 8889: 6297:"The Population Size of Muḥammad's Mecca and the Creation of the Quraysh" 4845: 4642:. However, other Saudi newspapers are also provided in Mecca such as the 4491: 4229: 3342: 3088: 3044: 2742: 2639: 2624: 2445: 2269:, the people of the lowland, knowing what he had come for, sent a man of 2206: 2195: 2191: 2124: 2120: 1460:

Mecca has been referred to by many names. As with many Arabic words, its

1417: 888: 846: 770: 15660: 10164: 9966: 9393: 7323:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 952. 7200: 6701: 6689: 6642: 5136: 3110: 15614: 15439: 15384: 15379: 15334: 15324: 15294: 15279: 15144: 15129: 15124: 15084: 15074: 15014: 15009: 14974: 14964: 14954: 14949: 14934: 14904: 14844: 14839: 14749: 14348: 13430: 13387: 13358: 12843: 12828: 11997: 11877: 11781: 11772: 11356: 11003: 10956: 10840: 10521: 10274: 9347: 8844: 8543: 6350:. Independently Published (published 17 March 2020). pp. 146–149. 6323: 6222:

Laursen, Lucas (2010). "Fossil skull fingered as ape–monkey ancestor".

6129: 6107: 5775: 4823: 4761: 4707:

and various cable, satellite and other specialty television providers.

4650: 4591: 4484: 4476: 4452: 4448: 4237: 3354: 3206: 2992: 2610: 2603: 2457: 2351: 2279: 2226: 2160: 2024: 2016: 1853: 1790: 1623:

Another name used for Mecca in the Quran is at 6:92 where it is called

893: 12293: 10053: 10014: 9354: 9177: 8874: 6860: 6199:"Ape ancestors brought to life by fossil skull of 'Saadanius' primate" 2167:. Mecca's prominence as a trading center also surpassed the cities of 1893:

Codex Arabe 331, folio 40 v, radiocarbon dated between 652 and 765 CE.

1445:, even though Jeddah is considerably larger in population than Mecca. 15454: 15389: 15369: 15299: 15194: 15154: 15134: 15119: 15054: 15049: 15044: 15034: 15029: 15004: 14939: 14924: 14859: 14810: 14053: 13484: 13426: 13373: 13241: 12988: 12556: 12546: 12234: 11686: 11497: 11423: 11269: 11057: 10926: 10627: 10611: 9956: 9603: 9291: 9240: 9104: 6370:

Holland, Tom; In the Shadow of the Sword; Little, Brown; 2012; p. 471

5444: 5422: 4464: 3273:, a 200 km (124 mi) wide strip of mountains separating the 3180:, also known as the Grand Mosque of Mecca, during the Hajj pilgrimage 3094: 3062: 2984:

on Monday, 2 August 2027, for a duration of 5 minutes and 8 seconds.

2912: 2697:. In 1818, the Saud were defeated again but survived and founded the 2613: 2544: 2501: 2497: 2479: 2461: 2230: 2180: 2148: 2084:

suggested that there's also a probability of a tribe named "Makkah".

1845: 1786: 1709: 1699:

In 2010, Mecca and the surrounding area became an important site for

1461: 1396:

destruction of several historical structures and archaeological sites

1308: 792: 476: 12251: 5880:

Muhammad and Jesus: a comparison of the prophets and their teachings

5363:

Mecca, The Blessed, Medina, The Radiant: The Holiest Cities of Islam

2693:. Muhammad Ali Pasha successfully returned Mecca to Ottoman control 1452:

has been the provincial governor of the province since 16 May 2007.

15892: 15629: 15594: 15539: 15524: 15504: 15429: 15424: 15374: 15364: 15214: 15019: 14989: 14984: 14899: 14679: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14607: 14396: 13892: 13750: 13702: 13496: 13402: 13353: 13081: 12703: 12698: 12458: 12298: 12283: 11572: 11254: 11094: 11083: 11076: 10865: 10713: 10692: 10320: 10214: 10139: 9814: 9479: 9441: 9247: 8880: 8089:

Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world

7268:"The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Black Death)" 5646:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia. 28 May 2015. Archived from 5456: 4638: 4628: 4435:

Year-round, pilgrims stream into the city to perform the rites of '

3274: 3265:. Haram is visible in the center while Mina is visible in the east. 3039: 2934: 2750: 2627: 2571: 2367: 2314: 2258: 2156: 2116: 2097: 2047: 2031: 2012: 1953:

In the Islamic view, the beginnings of Mecca are attributed to the

1898: 1860:

of the south supports the Arabic sources tradition that associates

1775:

Possible earlier mentions are not unambiguous. The Greek historian

1504: 1442: 1379: 1304: 1102: 1070: 784: 718: 14771: 12978: 8359: 6041:(Illustrated ed.). University of Minnesota Press. p. 6. 2590:

and the Zubayrids. The city was twice besieged by the Umayyads in

2467:

in 610 CE, according to Islamic tradition. Advocating his form of

16408: 16142: 15644: 15639: 15604: 15599: 15574: 15559: 15554: 15534: 15514: 15509: 15474: 15409: 15254: 15199: 15174: 15149: 15109: 14944: 14929: 14884: 14869: 14864: 14754: 14734: 14724: 14719: 14684: 14411: 14007: 13695: 13575: 13453: 13448: 13435: 13419: 13412: 13407: 13139: 12928: 12743: 12708: 12524: 12319: 11823: 11636: 11593: 11522: 11517: 11454: 11389: 11375: 11277: 10932: 10921: 10720: 10683: 10413: 10357: 10263: 9874: 9846: 9699: 9657: 9573: 9510: 9461: 9382: 8875:

Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E., eds. (2008). "Makkah".

8034:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020" 7881: 7806: 7423: 7120: 5968:

Ham, Anthony; Brekhus Shams, Martha & Madden, Andrew (2004).

5745:

Versteegh, Kees (2008). C.H.M. Versteegh; Kees Versteegh (eds.).

4534: 4472: 4244:

travel has increased the number of pilgrims participating in the

3440: 3278: 3242: 2737:

Hashemite Revolt and subsequent control by the Sharifate of Mecca

2714: 2679: 2647: 2579: 2464: 2449: 2347: 2275: 2262: 2172: 2139:

had been increasing. Another previous route that ran through the

2132: 2035: 2027: 1970: 1962: 1864:

as a branch of the Ma'add and Muhammad as a direct descendant of

1861: 1814: 1806: 1704: 1673: 1669: 1649: 1585: 1527:, among others. It was a name for the city in the ancient world. 1243: 935: 612: 450: 8195:

Statistical information department of the ministry of education:

7905: 7139:

This elephant was called Mahmud and it was sent to Abrahah from

5717:"Prince Khalid Al Faisal appointed as governor of Makkah region" 5086:"The History of Kaaba Construction and Its Renovation Over Time" 4881:

line entered operation, connecting the holy cities of Mecca and

1932: 16314: 15634: 15624: 15549: 15529: 15519: 15499: 15494: 15464: 15434: 15404: 15394: 15244: 14889: 14744: 14704: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14602: 14597: 14582: 14572: 13925: 13899: 13858: 13819: 13736: 13649: 13570: 13472: 13382: 13313: 13308: 13075: 12999: 12718: 12567: 12442: 12314: 12229: 12148: 12090: 11906: 11900: 11606: 11432: 11417: 11214: 11166: 11103: 11071: 10984: 10894: 10829: 10725: 10473: 10454: 10349: 10315: 9960: 9929: 9906: 9777: 9685: 9577: 9449: 9285: 9228: 9208: 9150: 9137: 9122: 8172:"MODON begins handover of 45 mln sqm industrial city in Makkah" 7678:

Sahih Muslim (Volume 2) With the Full Commentary by Imam Nawawi

6481:. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press. pp. 53–55. 5484:"Mecca for the rich: Islam's holiest site 'turning into Vegas'" 5464: 4898: 4886: 4882: 4790: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4742: 4684: 4542: 4538: 4505: 4487: 4207: 3282: 3118: 3098: 3005: 2836: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2809: 2484: 2441: 2326: 2285: 2176: 2144: 2136: 2051: 1990: 1921: 1879:

Mecca is mentioned in the following early Quranic manuscripts:

1760: 1756: 1641: 1493: 1487: 1259: 1255: 1239: 955: 945: 734: 702: 694: 679: 673: 557: 481: 11314:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 8111:"How important is the Umrah pilgrimage for the Saudi economy?" 7626:"Over 700 Dead, 800 Injured in Stampede Near Mecca During Haj" 7440: 6517:

Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, volume 1, part 1

2728: 2530:

grew, Mecca continued to attract pilgrims from all across the

2127:

from dangerous sea routes to more secure overland routes. The

1977:. The civilization of Mecca is believed to have started after 1654:. According to an Islamic suggestion, another name for Mecca, 1296:

Mecca is generally considered "the fountainhead and cradle of

16393: 15469: 15449: 15419: 14759: 14739: 14714: 14709: 14658: 14577: 14174: 13999: 13953: 13941: 13743: 13729: 13688: 13465: 13303: 13160: 13146: 13067: 13030: 12923: 12770: 12488: 12143: 12120: 12098: 11888: 11882: 11852: 11534: 11436: 11259: 11232: 11118: 10989: 10901: 10673: 10585: 10491: 10209: 10192: 9921: 9864: 9836: 9759: 9745: 9730: 9706: 9680: 9647: 9625: 9597: 9521: 9491: 9484: 9475: 9466: 9315: 9273: 9068: 9019: 7140: 7125:. Translated by Abū Rumaysah. Islamic Network. Archived from 5912: 5230:"Euromonitor International's report reveals world's Top 100…" 4798: 4521: 4436: 3357:. The project encompassed the construction of an underground 3306: 3270: 3157: 3093:

The Black Stone is a stone, considered by scientists to be a

3075: 3056: 3033: 3016: 2844: 2778: 2505: 2318: 2289: 2253:. It gained widespread fame, even gaining attention from the 2246: 2238: 2222: 2168: 2104: 2100: 1996: 1986: 1966: 1827: 1759:, and Muhammad’s own household. Al-Ateeqi, a researcher from 1735: 1582: 1501: 1471: 1367: 1358: 1340: 1320: 1297: 1227: 1097: 975: 666: 624: 617: 540: 532: 348: 129: 8721:"Saudi Arabia's Haramain High-Speed Railway opens to public" 8573:"The Roads and Ports Sectors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia" 7312: 5577:

The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places

4259:. It covers an area of 45 square kilometres (11,000 acres). 3221: 3037:) and the walking between the two mounts of Safa and Marwa ( 2492:

Quraysh. Subsequently, Muslims and Meccans entered into the

2338:

Mecca to be loaded on the caravans and carried to cities in

2015::3–6 as a reference to Mecca, similar to the Quran at Surah 16122: 15589: 15444: 14567: 13840: 13812: 13762: 13709: 13654: 13167: 12917: 12288: 12212: 11843: 11626: 11299: 11088: 10978: 10962: 10507: 10219: 9925: 9884: 9755: 9710: 9567: 9416: 9320: 8887: 8335:"Saudi embassy warns against entry of non-Muslims in Mecca" 7652:"Total Solar Eclipse on August 2, 2027: Path Map and Times" 7474:, The Independent, 6 August 2005. Retrieved 17 January 2011 6266:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. 4832: 4794: 4656: 4579:

Adorning the southern facade of the Masjid al-Haram is the

4565:

is the largest stadium in Mecca with a capacity of 38,000.

4245: 3152: 3012: 2997: 2942: 2908:

Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia

2840: 2782: 2563: 2548: 2510: 2343: 2322: 2250: 2151:

rivers was also being threatened by exploitations from the

1958: 1722: 1412: 1269: 1206: 1200: 726: 634: 7143:, the king of Abyssinia, particularly for this expedition. 5844: 4257:

Saudi Authority for Industrial Cities and Technology Zones

12478: 11872: 11654: 9058: 8455:"Sir Richard Francis Burton: A Pilgrimage to Mecca, 1853" 8444:, Sikh University Press, (2010–2012), vol. 1, pp. 181–182 8236:"A new National Geographic Special on PBS 'Inside Mecca'" 7058:

Yemen: 3000 Years of Art and Civilisation in Arabia Felix

6580: 5748:

Encyclopedia of Arabic language and linguistics, Volume 4

2880:

On 20 November 1979, two hundred armed dissidents led by

2559: 1530: 7498:"How Saudi Arabia obliterated its rich cultural history" 5521:

Islamic Pilgrims Bring Cosmopolitan Air to Unlikely City

4428:

and many work to support pilgrims, known locally as the

1852:

tribe possessed the coast of western Arabia between the

8134:

World Book Encyclopedia. 2003 edition. Volume M. p. 353

4873:

In 2018, a high speed intercity rail line, part of the

4439:, and during the last weeks of eleventh Islamic month, 2225:

history for the year approximately equating to 570–572

2179:. The tribes of southern Arabia asked the Persian king 1920:

Mecca mentioned in Quranic manuscript Codex Arabe 331 (

1779:

writes about Arabia in the 1st century BCE in his work

1728: 1323:

was first revealed to Muhammad. Visiting Mecca for the

11149:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 7121:ʿAbdu r-Rahmān ibn Nāsir as-Saʿdī (23 December 2009). 6808:

Intertwined Worlds: Medieval Islam and Bible Criticism

4318:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْمَلِك عَبْد ٱلْعَزِيْز بِحَي ٱلـزَّاهِر 1300:". Mecca is revered in Islam as the birthplace of the 507: 6902:"Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods", 4856:

system for the city. This will be in addition to the

2664:

Khalili Collection of Hajj and the Arts of Pilgrimage

2633: 2361: 1203: 11847:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 8540:"Saudi terminal can receive 3,800 pilgrims per hour" 7460: 7458: 5703:"Who's Who: Saleh Al-Turki, the new mayor of Makkah" 5005: 4913: 3411: 3376: 1946:, and related religious sites, such as Jabal al-Nour 1897:

The earliest Muslim inscriptions are from the Mecca-

1681: 1655: 1647: 1639: 1624: 1576: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1531: 1522: 1516: 1494: 1478: 1465: 1434: 1424: 1356: 1334: 1324: 1312: 1282: 1267: 455: 95: 8861: 7123:"Tafsir of Surah al Fil – The Elephant (Surah 105)" 7047:"Outline of the History of Ancient Southern Arabia" 6583:

Sales and Contracts in Early Islamic Commercial Law

5813: 5786: 5644:"Mayor of Makkah Receives Malaysian Consul General" 4459:Non-Muslims are not permitted to enter Mecca under 2521:

Muhammad then returned to Medina, after assigning '

1197: 1194: 9017: 8593:"Makkah building eight tunnels to ease congestion" 8082:"Klimatafel von Mekka (al-Makkah) / Saudi-Arabien" 6992: 6034: 6000: 5877: 5875: 5574: 4636:. Mecca also has its own paper owned by the city, 4189:Pilgrims are the driving force of Mecca's economy. 3019:and for its status as the birthplace of Muhammad. 2812:(approx. 70 km away) internationally and the 1981:(Abraham) left his son Ismāʿīl (Ishmael) and wife 8197:Statistical summary for education in Saudi Arabia 8012:Permaculture Design: Tools for Climate Resilience 7455: 7154: 6392:Jan Retsö, The Arabs in Antiquity (2003), 295–300 6264:Mecca: a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land 6169: 6152: 5934:Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions 5770: 5768: 3082: 2827:in the east and Highway 15, which connects it to 2816:(approx. 120 km away) for domestic flights. 1989:'s command. Some people from the Yemeni tribe of 1680:, the 12th-century Syrian geographer, wrote that 1603:Macoraba, another ancient city name mentioned by 16461: 11457:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 10045:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 8936:. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia (online). 2007 8751:"Al Rajhi wins Makkah – Madinah civils contract" 8423: 8146:"Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca" 8058:. Jeddah Regional Climate Center. Archived from 7743:. London: The British Museum. pp. 176–178. 7484:'Shame of the House of Saud: Shadows over Mecca' 6752:Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources 6415:. Princeton University Press. pp. 134–135. 5740: 5738: 5330: 4618:The first press was brought to Mecca in 1885 by 2972:during the stoning-the-Devil ritual at Jamarat. 2538: 2452:. It was in the nearby mountain cave of Hira on 2080:, "Makkan, of Makkah"), but Jawwad Ali from the 2050:inscriptions which were discovered in the south 1464:is obscure. Widely believed to be a synonym for 8831: 8278: 7439:. Doubleday(US). 28 August 2007. Archived from 6410: 5744: 4745:for international and regional connections and 4667:in addition to other international newspapers. 3213:for various rituals that are part of the Hajj. 3201:, pilgrims also must visit the nearby towns of 2003:Muslims see the mention of a pilgrimage at the 1258:and Jeddah. Around 44.5% of the population are 8694:"High speed stations for a high speed railway" 8148:. London: The Independent (UK). Archived from 6926: 6435: 5793:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 22–25. 5765: 5477: 5475: 4773:, connecting it to the important port city of 2929:that have been destroyed include the house of 2292:with a large army, which included one or more 1676:and the site where Ishmael settled was Mecca. 1646:. Another name used historically for Mecca is 1374:. The city was most recently conquered in the 15676: 14796: 14530: 13015: 12649: 9003: 8360:Robert W. Hefner; Patricia Horvatich (1997). 8337:. ABS-CBN News. 14 March 2006. Archived from 7854:"In the Shade of the Message and Prophethood" 7765: 7675: 7224: 7222: 6969: 6967: 6838: 6348:Makkah at the Time of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) 5735: 5568: 5566: 5317:. Global Vision Publishing Ho. pp. 26–. 5314:Historical Value Of The Qur An And The Hadith 3293:is the Ibrahim al-Khalil Street, named after 2422:Bayt al-Mawlid / Makkah Al Mukarramah Library 2229:, when, according to Islamic sources such as 1581:is used to refer to the city in the Quran in 1166: 9117:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 8715: 8713: 8686: 8664: 8662: 8627: 8366:. University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 198. 7939: 7937: 7935: 7933: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7702: 6163: 5751:(Illustrated ed.). Brill. p. 513. 5631:Mecca, like Medina, is closed to non-Muslims 5257:The Global Transformation of Time: 1870–1950 4954:where Muhammad is believed to have been born 4398: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4350: 4338: 4326: 4300: 4288: 4251:A new industrial city is being developed in 2960:either suffocated or trampled to death in a 2937:, Muhammad's birthplace and the Ottoman-era 2749:. It had successfully repulsed an attack on 2107:, which had been placed there by the ruling 2075: 2059: 2054:contained names of some individuals such as 1630: 1343:, believed by Muslims to have been built by 1329:is an obligation upon all able Muslims. The 1238:. It is 70 km (43 mi) inland from 462: 102: 73: 61: 16091:Council of Economic and Development Affairs 7732: 7034:Dictionary of African Christian Biographies 6990: 6952: 6950: 6294: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6159:. London: Trübner & co. pp. 74–76. 5780: 5472: 4793:. While in the south, it connects Mecca to 4401:مُسْتَشْفَى ابْن سِيْنَا بِحَدَاء / بَحْرَه 27:Holiest city in Islam, city in Saudi Arabia 15683: 15669: 14803: 14789: 14537: 14523: 13022: 13008: 12656: 12642: 11475:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 10789:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 10591:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 9969:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 9010: 8996: 8894:The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History 8877:Cities of the Middle East and North Africa 8862:Bosworth, C. Edmund, ed. (2007). "Mecca". 7219: 6964: 6933:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 243. 6908: 6793:Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World, 6706: 6548: 6364: 6148: 6146: 6030: 6028: 5916:; Warmind, Morten; Hawley, John Stratton; 5845:Glassé, Cyril & Smith, Huston (2003). 5838: 5807: 5563: 5405: 5334:What Everyone Should Know About the Qur'an 4568: 2562:, the fourth caliph, took power and chose 2543:Mecca was never the capital of any of the 2194:and a position at the crossroads of major 1386:, the world's fourth-tallest building and 1173: 1159: 15690: 9336: 8710: 8659: 8603: 8532: 8490:. General Authority for Statistics. 2016. 7920: 7357: 7184: 7175: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6739: 6605: 6476: 6345: 6322: 6312: 6085: 6083: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5957: 5869: 5310: 5282: 5259:. Harvard University Press. p. 173. 5150:Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary 4365:مَدِيْنَة ٱلْمَلِك عَبْد ٱلله ٱلطِّبِيَّة 4303:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْمَلِك فَيْصَل بِحَي ٱلشّشه 2790:Saudi Arabian conquest and modern history 2745:, the Ottoman Empire was at war with the 2123:, since battles elsewhere were diverting 1252:third-most populated city in Saudi Arabia 8978:Saudi Information Resource – Holy Makkah 8919:Winder, R.B. "Makka – The Modern City." 8743: 8670:"Jeddah and Makkah metro plans approved" 8005: 7404:Saturday 25 November 1916, reprinted in 7307: 6947: 6248: 5886:Continuum International Publishing Group 5662: 5605: 4765:3rd Ring Road passing through Kudai Area 4760: 4515: 4216: 4184: 3325: 3256: 3249:in Islamic tradition) at the age of 40. 3220: 3109: 2991: 2987: 2911: 2727: 2657: 2383: 2321:is rather short. According to the 105th 8682:from the original on 24 September 2015. 8611:"Hajj pilgrims take the metro to Mecca" 8268:. Vol. 23. 2007. pp. 698–699. 7573: 7413: 7292: 6663: 6221: 6211:from the original on 27 September 2016. 6143: 6025: 5671:"The Growing Pains of the Ancient Hajj" 5612:What everyone needs to know about Islam 4613: 14: 16462: 12974: 10299:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 10185:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 9989: 8523:. Elabdar Architecture. Archived from 8143: 7877: 7875: 7848: 7846: 7738: 7632:from the original on 25 September 2015 7523:"What is the Hajj? ("Hajj disasters")" 7495: 7039: 6979: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6811:. Princeton University Press. pp.61–62 6790:Crone, Patricia and Cook, M.A. (1977) 6712: 6514: 6261: 6196: 6089: 6080: 5954: 5817:Encyclopedic dictionary of archaeology 5581:. Princeton University Press. p. 5572: 5481: 5153:. Merriam-Webster. 2001. p. 724. 5050: 5021: 3043:). The masjid is also the site of the 1390:, towering over the Great Mosque. The 15664: 14784: 14518: 14260: 14028: 13644: 13003: 12637: 12067: 11655:Events, incidents, occasions or times 11653: 11042: 10378: 10034:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 9988: 9762:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 9543: 9043: 9030: 8991: 8826:Timeline of Mecca § Bibliography 8550:from the original on 8 November 2014. 8254: 8048: 7410:Friday 25 November 2016 issue (p. 36) 7205: 7036:. 2007. (last accessed 11 April 2007) 6745: 6620: 6539: 6140:AlSahib, AlMuheet fi Allughah, p. 303 5723:from the original on 30 December 2007 5668: 5385: 4353:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْوِلَادَة وَٱلْأَطْفَال 3069:while others believe it was built by 2964:. On 24 September 2015, 700 pilgrims 2933:, the wife of Muhammad, the house of 2902:Destruction of Islamic heritage sites 2765:conspired with the Ottoman governor, 2477:) in 622 CE with his companions, the 2456:that Muhammad began receiving divine 1836:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 14029: 13645: 12954: 11986:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 10465:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 8864:Historic Cities of the Islamic World 8582:. saudia-online.com. 5 November 2001 8315:from the original on 24 October 2016 8074: 7835:. islamonline.com. 5 December 2007. 7710:"Maqam Ibrahim (Station of Abraham)" 7529:from the original on 24 January 2009 7017: 5998: 5928:; Campo, Juan; Penner, Hans (1999). 5482:Taylor, Jerome (24 September 2011). 5459:, were demolished under Saudi rule. 5357: 5254: 4891:King Abdulaziz International Airport 4739:King Abdulaziz International Airport 4585:third-largest building by floor area 2806:King Abdulaziz International Airport 2623:and centered in eastern Arabia. The 2354:. Other regional powers such as the 2087: 1729:Early history (up to 6th century CE) 39:City in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia 16510:Provincial capitals of Saudi Arabia 8261:"Makkah al-Mukarramah and Medina". 8091:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst 8036:. World Meteorological Organization 7904:. Holymakkah.gov.sa. Archived from 7872: 7843: 7346:Library of Congress Country Studies 7248:from the original on 17 August 2010 6889: 6003:Culture and Customs of Saudi Arabia 5719:. Saudi Press Agency. 16 May 2007. 5513: 5038: 4995: 4349:Maternity and Children's Hospital ( 4316: 3495:Climate data for Mecca (1991-2020) 3401: 3366: 3337:Due to Mecca's climatic conditions 3321: 3065:, some believe it was built by the 2076: 1707:evolution, with the discovery of a 1615:root M-K-R-B which means "temple". 1565: 389:1,200 km (500 sq mi) 103: 74: 62: 24: 16505:Populated places in Mecca Province 8819: 8763:from the original on 19 June 2010. 8706:from the original on 19 June 2010. 8619:. 15 November 2010. Archived from 8461:from the original on 12 April 2010 8242:from the original on 15 April 2010 7839:from the original on 22 July 2011. 7496:Bsheer, Rosie (20 December 2020). 6796:Cambridge University Press. p. 22. 6581:Abdullah Alwi Haji Hassan (1994). 6556:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 6503:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 6413:Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam 5906: 5496:from the original on 16 June 2017. 5451:, such as the homes and graves of 4329:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلنُّوْر ٱلتَّخَصُّصِي 4262: 3185: 3022: 2662:Panorama of Mecca, 1845, from the 2634:Ibn Battuta's description of Mecca 2504:and rededicated to the worship of 2362:Muhammad and the conquest of Mecca 1370:region, the city has seen several 25: 16526: 16475:Burial sites of the House of Saud 15873:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques 12011:('Before the rising of the Sun') 8966: 8727:. 11 October 2018. Archived from 7555:from the original on 10 June 2009 7390:. Britannica Online Encyclopedia. 7335:The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam 6778:Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts 6719:The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam 5851:(Revised, illustrated ed.). 5433:from the original on 26 June 2020 4727: 4705:Arab Radio and Television Network 4608: 4164:, Jeddah Regional Climate Center 4162:World Meteorological Organization 3138: 2761:. The British intelligence agent 2723: 2213:The Year of the Elephant (570 CE) 2155:, and was being disrupted by the 1848:' 6th century statement that the 1515:and it is also transliterated as 1507:(3), verse 96: "Indeed the first 1418:prohibited from entering the city 397:760 km (290 sq mi) 208:Mecca governorate (green) within 15765: 14811: 14546: 14499: 14498: 14487: 14008:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 13198:Timeline of the history of Islam 13029: 12983: 12973: 12963: 12953: 12944: 12943: 12902:Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro 12892:Haramain High Speed Rail Project 12742: 12665: 12178:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 10614:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 8585: 8566: 8554: 8494: 8473: 8447: 8434: 8417: 8387: 8353: 8327: 8297: 8272: 8228: 8209: 8189: 8164: 8144:Howden, Daniel (19 April 2006). 8137: 8125: 8103: 8026: 8006:Millison, Andrew (August 2019). 7999: 7974: 7949: 7894: 7825: 7811:General Authority for Statistics 7799: 7669: 7644: 7618: 7595: 7567: 7541: 7515: 7489: 7477: 6176:. SUNY Press. pp. 65, 205. 5386:Bayat, Ehsan (28 January 2021). 5210:from the original on 31 May 2022 5058: 4930: 4916: 4875:Haramain High Speed Rail Project 4858:Al Masha'er Al Muqaddassah Metro 4816:Al Masha'er Al Muqaddassah Metro 4810:Al Masha'er Al Muqaddassah Metro 4804: 3165: 3105: 1931: 1913: 1492:The Quran refers to the city as 1190: 1140: 539: 371: • Provincial Governor 286: 227: 220: 202: 182: 168: 152: 138: 118: 16045:General Intelligence Presidency 14359:List of ex-Muslim organisations 11820:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 11225:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 10581:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 9255:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 8771: 8216:"المستشفيات – قائمة المستشفيات" 8056:"Climate Data for Saudi Arabia" 7549:"History of deaths on the Hajj" 7429: 7393: 7374: 7351: 7327: 7301: 7286: 7260: 7234: 7193: 7158:, Hubbard E, Cathey JT (2015). 7148: 7114: 7089: 7063: 6920: 6875: 6832: 6823: 6814: 6799: 6784: 6769: 6694: 6682: 6657: 6614: 6599: 6574: 6561: 6533: 6519:. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 163. 6508: 6495: 6470: 6429: 6404: 6395: 6386: 6373: 6339: 6288: 6215: 6190: 6134: 6122: 6055: 5992: 5709: 5695: 5636: 5599: 5555:. 11 April 2013. Archived from 5539: 5500: 5379: 5351: 5304: 5276: 5248: 4781:and the other major port city, 4777:in the west and the capital of 4420:List of neighbourhoods in Mecca 4413: 3216: 2380:List of expeditions of Muhammad 2034:, the eldest son of Ismāʿīl or 1575:'Makkah the Honored'). 1518:Baca, Baka, Bakah, Bakka, Becca 1236:holiest city according to Islam 11124:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 11017:at the time of Abraham and Lot 10481:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 10148:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 9640:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 9044: 9031: 8960:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 8896:. Princeton University Press. 8798:A History of Islamic Societies 8643:. 24 June 2009. Archived from 8635:"Mecca metro contracts signed" 7882:http://www.witness-pioneer.org 6379:Translated by C.H. Oldfather, 5283:Nicholson, Reynold A. (2013). 5222: 5192: 5167: 5141: 5129: 5104: 5078: 5028: 4985: 3486:Intertropical Convergence Zone 3236: 3083:Hajr-e-Aswad (The Black Stone) 2859:near Rabigh within two hours. 2514:), one of the Islamic faith's 2131:had previously controlled the 2111:tribe. and remained until the 1618: 13: 1: 16035:Chairman of the General Staff 11043: 8756:Railway Gazette International 8699:Railway Gazette International 8675:Railway Gazette International 8640:Railway Gazette International 8616:Railway Gazette International 8113:. TRT World. 27 February 2020 7813:(in Arabic). 17 December 2015 7426:. (Archived) 1 November 2009. 7270:. Ucalgary.ca. Archived from 6668:. Darwin Press. p. 565. 6666:Seeing Islam as others saw it 6381:Diodorus Of Sicily, Volume II 5848:The new encyclopedia of Islam 5669:Stone, Dan (3 October 2014). 5427:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 5285:Literary History Of The Arabs 5071: 4901:. The railway consists of 35 4670: 4389:مُسْتَشْفَى ٱلْكَامِل ٱلْعَام 4325:Al Noor Specialist Hospital ( 4230:corrugated iron manufacturing 3312: 2539:Medieval and pre-modern times 1883:Codex Is. 1615 I, folio 47v, 1821:(great). The Roman historian 1813:followed by the aggrandizing 1768:, had as many as 100 slaves. 1694: 1363:) for all Muslims worldwide. 1355:and the direction of prayer ( 445:2,427,924 (Mecca Governorate) 327: 228: 14344:Apostasy in Islam by country 14211:Liberalism and progressivism 12680: 11916:(The Afternoon or the Night) 11814:12 months: Four holy months 11366:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 10959:(s) or People of the Injil) 10297:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 9826:names and titles of Muhammad 9544: 9071:found in the Quran, such as 8841:Urban Form in the Arab World 8795: 7891:. Retrieved 3 February 2013. 7615:. Retrieved 3 February 2013. 7581:. Granta Books. p. 10. 7228: 6973: 6914: 6805:Lazarus-Yafeh, Hava (1992). 6606:Bowersock, Glen. W. (2017). 6197:Sample, Ian (14 July 2010). 6038:Capital cities of Arab Islam 5814:Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000). 5787:Peterson, Daniel C. (2007). 5413:"Wahhābī (Islamic movement)" 5048:Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: 5019:Hejazi Arabic pronunciation: 5017:'Makkah the Noble', 4868: 4361:King Abdullah Medical City ( 4173:(sunshine hours, 1986–2000) 3300: 3252: 2483:, to Yathrib (later renamed 2389:Makkah Al Mukarramah Library 1533:Makkah, Makkah al-Mukarramah 1455: 1429:in Arabic) appointed by the 1416:). Non-Muslims are strictly 128:(Great Mosque of Mecca) and 7: 16277:Water supply and sanitation 16106:History of the oil industry 15973:Mutaween (religious police) 15340:Ash Shuhada' ash Shamaliyah 11685:(Flood of the Great Dam of 10006:Adam's immediate relatives 8283:. Bloomsbury. p. 257. 8008:"Climate Analogue Examples" 7943:"Makka – The Modern City", 6991:Hajjah Adil, Amina (2002). 6346:Al-Ateeqi, Binimad (2020). 6035:Philip Khûri Hitti (1973). 6007:. Greenwood Press. p. 5876:Phipps, William E. (1999). 5573:Peters, Francis E. (1994). 5042: 5006: 4909: 4895:King Abdullah Economic City 4879:Haramain high-speed railway 4500:is the only province where 4385:Al Kamel General Hospital ( 4377:مُسْتَشْفَى خُلَيْص ٱلْعَام 4222:Hilton Hotels & Resorts 3968:Average precipitation days 3754:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3614:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3412: 3377: 3263:International Space Station 2949:Incidents during pilgrimage 2857:King Abdullah Economic City 2853:Haramain high-speed railway 1682: 1656: 1648: 1640: 1625: 1577: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1532: 1523: 1517: 1495: 1479: 1466: 1435: 1425: 1388:third-largest by floor area 1357: 1335: 1325: 1313: 1283: 1268: 714:("Stories of the Prophets") 456: 434:2,000/km (5,100/sq mi) 96: 10: 16531: 14261: 11892:('Remembrance', including 11538:(literally 'The Barrier') 10566:('Companions of the Wood') 10455:Companions of the Elephant 10404:People of the Burnt Garden 10379: 9768:('Companion of the Whale') 9364:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 8823: 8802:Cambridge University Press 8481:"Demographics Survey 2016" 8442:Sikh History in 10 volumes 7741:The Hajj: collected essays 7295:The Travels of Ibn Battuta 7160:"The Year of the Elephant" 7071:"The Year of the Elephant" 6569:In the Shadow of the Sword 6170:Firestone, Reuven (1990). 6153:Sayyid Aḥmad Khān (1870). 5200:"Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage" 5023:[makːaalmʊkarːama] 4572: 4511: 4417: 4373:Khulais General Hospital ( 4255:district of Makkah by the 4180: 4168: 4159: 3494: 3461: 3457: 3142: 3086: 3054: 2952: 2924:is visible in the skyline. 2905: 2873: 2365: 1797:and the Roman province of 1689: 1485: 1277:, observed in the twelfth 70:Mother of all Settlements 29: 16421: 16379: 16285: 16186: 16177: 16071: 16062: 15995: 15916: 15898:National Security Council 15853: 15849: 15840: 15783: 15774: 15763: 15702: 14835: 14823: 14768: 14672: 14616: 14560: 14553:Main Saudi Arabian cities 14482: 14367: 14334: 14274: 14270: 14256: 14183: 14150: 14122:Geography and cartography 14097: 14044: 14040: 14024: 13850: 13772: 13719: 13668: 13664: 13640: 13510: 13334: 13294: 13177: 13129: 13053: 13049: 13038: 12939: 12910: 12884: 12868: 12852: 12751: 12740: 12699:Muhammad and Muslim state 12679: 12621: 12580: 12508: 12431: 12392: 12341: 12307: 12271: 12244: 12166: 12159:('Mother of the Book(s)') 12074: 12068: 12063: 12029: 11863: 11834: 11803: 11785:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 11763: 11711: 11707: 11660: 11649: 11510: 11399: 11346: 11286: 11131: 11079:, literally 'The Garden') 11049: 11038: 10968:Qissis (Christian priest) 10884: 10820: 10747: 10671: 10502: 10389: 10385: 10374: 10306: 10242: 10173: 10112: 9999: 9995: 9984: 9943: 9894: 9797: 9556: 9552: 9539: 9502: 9459: 9414: 9266: 9197: 9095: 9088: 9084: 9050: 9039: 9026: 9018:People and things in the 8949: 8781:. Time-Life Books. 1999. 8510:– Stadium King Abdul Aziz 8014:. Oregon State University 7551:. BBC. 17 December 2007. 7525:. BBC. 27 December 2006. 7045:Müller, Walter W. (1987) 6853:10.1017/S0041977X00110523 6775:Crown, Alan David (2001) 6755:. Islamic Texts Society. 6635:10.1017/S0041977X0700002X 6477:Bowersock, G. W. (2017). 5526:24 September 2014 at the 5331:Al-Laithy, Ahmed (2005). 5287:. Routledge. p. 62. 4852:, is a planned four-line 4548: 4400: 4399: 4388: 4387: 4376: 4375: 4364: 4363: 4352: 4351: 4340: 4339: 4328: 4327: 4317: 4311:King Abdulaziz Hospital ( 4302: 4301: 4290: 4289: 4112: 4065: 4014: 3967: 3893: 3823: 3753: 3683: 3613: 3543: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3349:, the wife of the caliph 2955:Incidents during the Hajj 2870:1979 Grand Mosque seizure 2096:. Mecca's most important 2061: 2060: 1985:(Hagar) in the valley at 1660:, is synonymous with the 1632: 1631: 1477: 1450:Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud 1394:has also carried out the 502: 492: 475: 464: 463: 449: 438: 430: 422: 414: 409: 401: 393: 385: 380: 375:Khalid bin Faisal Al Saud 370: 360: 355: 336: 323: 311: 299: 281: 246: 215: 201: 112: 94: 87: 49: 44: 16143:Tadawul (stock exchange) 16138:Supreme Economic Council 16086:Capital Market Authority 16040:General Staff Presidency 15893:Mabahith (secret police) 15220:Ar Rawdah ash Shamaliyah 14441:Islamic view of miracles 11015:Mesopotamian polytheists 10963:Ruhban (Christian monks) 10837:(People of the Verandah) 10714:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 10517:(literally 'The Romans') 10437:Companions of Noah's Ark 10354:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 10283:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 10203:Magicians of the Pharaoh 10105:(Muhammad's adopted son) 9397:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 9181:(fish or whale) of Jonah 8973:Holy Makkah Municipality 8796:Lapidus, Ira M. (1988). 8488:Demographics Survey 2016 8279:Ziauddin Sardar (2014). 8203:22 December 2015 at the 7887:11 November 2010 at the 7056:, in Werner Daum (ed.), 6664:Hoyland, Robert (1997). 6411:Crone, Patricia (1987). 5974:(illustrated ed.). 5884:(Illustrated ed.). 5820:(Illustrated ed.). 5790:Muhammad, prophet of God 5337:. Garant. pp. 61–. 4978: 4860:which carries pilgrims. 4850:Makkah Mass Rail Transit 4756: 4710: 4520:Al-Haram Mosque and the 4447:and backgrounds, mainly 3433:Suleiman the Magnificent 3269:Mecca is located in the 3050: 2980:Mecca will experience a 2976:2027 total solar eclipse 1218:, commonly shortened to 803:Medieval Islamic science 405:277 m (909 ft) 318:Holy Capital Governorate 48: 16025:Strategic Missile Force 15235:Ar Ru'ays, Saudi Arabia 15225:Ar Rayyan, Saudi Arabia 14196:Creationism (evolution) 12498:Forbidden fruit of Adam 11968:('Decline of the Sun') 11856:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 11586:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 11011:at the time of Muhammad 10985:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 10442:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 10338:the companion of Joshua 9172:(female ant) of Solomon 8933:Encyclopædia Britannica 8777: 8501:Asian Football Stadiums 8264:Encyclopædia Britannica 8221:9 February 2015 at the 7470:19 January 2011 at the 7320:Encyclopædia Britannica 7211: 7164:WikiJournal of Medicine 7052:10 October 2014 at the 7029:13 January 2016 at the 6956: 6927:Bauer, S. Wise (2010). 6881: 6571:; Little, Brown; p. 303 6436:Morris, Ian D. (2018). 6314:10.1515/islam-2022-0002 6090:Morris, Ian D. (2018). 5999:Long, David E. (2005). 5617:Oxford University Press 5418:Encyclopædia Britannica 4863: 4569:Architectural landmarks 4561:(established in 1945). 3452:desalination facilities 3261:Mecca as seen from the 3129:which was covered by a 2886:seized the Grand Mosque 2448:in the ruling tribe of 2067:, "Servant of Mecca"). 1376:Saudi conquest of Hejaz 1250:million, making it the 331: 18th century BCE 16480:Capitals of caliphates 14456:Persecution of Muslims 14354:List of former Muslims 13203:Succession to Muhammad 12860:Umm al-Qura University 12110:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 12102:(The Book of Muhammad) 11612:Cave of Seven Sleepers 11435:, literally 'Place of 11323:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 10699:Companions of the Rass 10600:Companions of Muhammad 10446:Companions of the Cave 9381:Angel of the Trumpet ( 8921:Encyclopaedia of Islam 8913:Encyclopaedia of Islam 8578:8 January 2015 at the 8521:"IDEA Center Projects" 8424:Inderjit Singh Jhajj. 8281:Mecca: The Sacred City 7945:Encyclopaedia of Islam 7676:Adil, Salahi. (2019). 7360:"Ludovico di Varthema" 7189:. Cadell. p. 488. 6904:Encyclopaedia of Islam 6713:Glassé, Cyril (1991). 6515:Shahid, Irfan (1995). 6451:: 1–60. Archived from 6262:Peters, F. E. (1994). 5510:(24 June 2010), Cairo. 5449:early history of Islam 5255:Ogle, Vanessa (2015). 4848:, officially known as 4766: 4747:Ta'if Regional Airport 4732: 4563:King Abdulaziz Stadium 4524: 4481:Richard Francis Burton 4299:King Faisal Hospital ( 4278:Umm Al-Qura University 4225: 4212:Saudi Arabia's economy 4190: 4171:Deutscher Wetterdienst 3480:), in three different 3448:water treatment plants 3334: 3330:The mouthpiece of the 3266: 3229: 3121: 3008: 2925: 2814:Ta'if Regional Airport 2757:and on Baghdad in the 2733: 2703:Richard Francis Burton 2666: 2630:hit Mecca in 1349 CE. 2588:Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr 2586:, when it was held by 2437: 2023:, a commentary on the 813:Succession to Muhammad 32:Mecca (disambiguation) 15868:Consultative Assembly 15610:Shara'i` al Mujahidin 15320:Ash Shara'i` al `Ulya 15260:As Safa, Saudi Arabia 14240:Conversion to mosques 14107:Alchemy and chemistry 12351:(literally 'lamps'): 12264:statue) of Israelites 12197:(Casket of Shekhinah) 11699:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 11546:(Black Stone) & 11326:('The Blessed Place') 10794:Daughters of Muhammad 10784:Household of Muhammad 10760:Household of Abraham 10608:(literally 'Helpers') 10063:Disciples (including 9723:the son of Zechariah) 9312:(Honourable Scribes) 9300:Bearers of the Throne 8879:. Santa Barbara, CA: 8311:. 14 September 2016. 7807:"الحصر الفعلي للحجاج" 7293:Battuta, Ibn (2009). 7177:10.15347/wjm/2015.003 6781:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 27 6567:Holland, Tom (2012). 6479:The crucible of Islam 6234:10.1038/news.2010.354 5920:; Giarardot, Norman; 4764: 4581:Abraj al-Bait Complex 4575:Sacred sites in Mecca 4519: 4220: 4188: 3482:plant hardiness zones 3329: 3260: 3224: 3113: 2995: 2988:Significance in Islam 2915: 2731: 2661: 2570:moved the capital to 2551:(r. 634–644 CE) and ' 2494:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 2460:from God through the 2411:21.42500°N 39.83000°E 2387: 2094:Arabia's pagan tribes 2082:University of Baghdad 2042:Thamudic inscriptions 1782:Bibliotheca historica 1674:Tihamah coastal plain 1331:Great Mosque of Mecca 1262:and around 55.5% are 266:21.42250°N 39.82333°E 15545:Masihat Mahd al Hayl 15290:As Sur, Saudi Arabia 13966:Ma malakat aymanukum 13541:Association football 13440:Moderate Kharijites 12795:Abraj Al Bait Towers 12131:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 12009:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 11726:('the Confederates') 11714:military expeditions 11489:The Prophet's Mosque 11447:('The Sacred Grove') 11243:(Station of Abraham) 11058:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 10734:('Companions of the 10533:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 10525:(Children of Israel) 10220:Moses' sister-in-law 10199:, who adopted Moses) 10142:, Qatafir or Qittin) 10121:Brothers (including 9867:He who spoke to God) 9190:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 9162:sleepers of the cave 9130:) of the Abyssinians 8506:29 June 2009 at the 7961:water-technology.net 7902:"Mecca Municipality" 7607:3 March 2016 at the 7437:"The Siege of Mecca" 7386:27 June 2009 at the 7340:21 July 2011 at the 6544:. pp. I.xix.14. 6438:"Mecca and Macoraba" 6295:M. Robinson (2022). 6092:"Mecca and Macoraba" 5007:Makkah al-Mukarramah 4996:مَكَّة ٱلْمُكَرَّمَة 4614:Press and newspapers 4483:, who traveled as a 4469:Ludovico di Varthema 4291:مُسْتَشْفَى أَجْيَاد 3544:Record high °C (°F) 2916:Mecca, as seen from 2876:Grand Mosque seizure 2796:1924 Battle of Mecca 2771:1916 Battle of Mecca 2711:Ludovico di Varthema 2648:Salaheddin al-Ayyubi 2621:Abū-Tāhir Al-Jannābī 2566:as his capital. The 2489:Battle of the Trench 2469:Abrahamic monotheism 2219:Year of the Elephant 1823:Ammianus Marcellinus 1793:, within the former 1751:, emigrants to both 1749:military expeditions 1557:Makkah al-Mukarramah 1353:Islam's holiest site 1222:) is the capital of 1216:Makkah al-Mukarramah 852:Association football 431: • Density 97:Makkah al-Mukarramah 30:For other uses, see 16500:Islamic holy places 16133:Saudi Central Bank 15941:Freedom of religion 15717:Early Islamic State 15285:As Sudayrah, Makkah 15265:As Samd ash Shamali 11750:Expedition of Tabuk 11694:Farewell Pilgrimage 11444:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 11363:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 11182:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 11157:Iram of the Pillars 10460:People of al-Ukhdūd 10412:(Companions of the 9871:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 9138:Domesticated donkey 9108:(cow) of Israelites 8759:. 9 February 2009. 8647:on 28 February 2010 8623:on 3 December 2010. 8597:Construction Weekly 8527:on 8 February 2015. 8427:Guru Nanak At Mecca 8395:"The Lure Of Mecca" 8266:: Fifteenth edition 7860:on 15 February 2008 7787:on 9 September 2020 7720:on 9 September 2020 7656:www.timeanddate.com 7381:Cholera (pathology) 7129:on 20 December 2010 6458:on 17 November 2018 5676:National Geographic 5650:on 4 September 2015 5112:"Mecca Governorate" 4924:Saudi Arabia portal 4397:Ibn Sina Hospital ( 3824:Record low °C (°F) 3684:Daily mean °C (°F) 2982:total solar eclipse 2600:attacked and sacked 2406: / 2005:Valley of the Bakha 1766:Abdullah ibn Jud’an 1291:most visited cities 613:Profession of Faith 586:Day of Resurrection 426:3rd in Saudi Arabia 262: / 16148:Telecommunications 15931:Capital punishment 15858:Allegiance Council 15737:Emirate of Diriyah 15722:Rashidun Caliphate 15712:Pre-Islamic Arabia 15485:Hayy al Hamdaniyah 15210:Ar Rabwah as Sufla 15205:Ar Rabwah al `Ulya 14561:1,000,000 and more 14461:Quran and miracles 14375:Criticism of Islam 14079:Geometric patterns 13931:Gender segregation 13502:Non-denominational 12761:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 12704:Rashidun Caliphate 12205:Trumpet of Israfil 11951:('The Late-Night') 11818:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 11564:(Cave of the Bull) 11549:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 11461:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 11153:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 11138:(excluding Madyan) 11061:('The Holy Land') 11009:Meccan polytheists 10947:People of the Book 10805:Household of Salih 10780:Household of Moses 10728:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 10429:Disciples of Jesus 10401:People of Paradise 10193:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 10082:People of Solomon 10042:People of Abraham 10022:Believer of Ya-Sin 9990:People of Prophets 9688:(Jethro, Reuel or 9495:('Rebellious one') 9219:Beast of the Earth 8956:Mecca Saudi Arabia 8888:Rosenthal, Franz; 8678:. 17 August 2012. 8546:. 28 August 2014. 8405:on 13 January 2010 8399:Saudi Aramco World 8238:. Anisamehdi.com. 7613:Express & Star 7602:Express & Star 7579:Islam in the World 7443:on 18 October 2014 7244:. Infoplease.com. 7185:Willan R. (1821). 6723:HarperSanFrancisco 6108:10.17613/zcdp-c225 5705:. 29 January 2022. 5552:The Times of India 5536:(20 January 2005). 5533:The New York Times 5311:Khan, A M (2003). 5236:. 13 December 2023 5206:. 3 January 2021. 4968:Sharifate of Mecca 4767: 4525: 4341:مُسْتَشْفَى حِرَاء 4226: 4191: 3470:hot desert climate 3446:In the modern day 3335: 3267: 3230: 3178:al-Masjid al-Haram 3122: 3009: 2926: 2882:Juhayman al-Otaibi 2755:Gallipoli campaign 2734: 2699:Second Saudi State 2691:Muhammad Ali Pasha 2667: 2654:Under the Ottomans 2438: 2416:21.42500; 39.83000 2165:Roman–Persian Wars 1230:region of western 361: • Mayor 271:21.42250; 39.82333 16457: 16456: 16417: 16416: 16245:Human trafficking 16173: 16172: 16058: 16057: 15991: 15990: 15878:Foreign relations 15836: 15835: 15732:Abbasid Caliphate 15727:Umayyad Caliphate 15658: 15657: 15490:Hayy as Salihiyah 15400:Bahrat al Qadimah 15275:As Sayl as Saghir 14880:Ad Dawh as Saghir 14778: 14777: 14512: 14511: 14478: 14477: 14474: 14473: 14446:Domestic violence 14436:Islamic terrorism 14431:Islamic extremism 14252: 14251: 14248: 14247: 14020: 14019: 14016: 14015: 13806:Marriage contract 13636: 13635: 13596:Political aspects 13325:Story of Prophets 13094:Prophets of Islam 12997: 12996: 12839:Jannat al-Mu'alla 12729:First Saudi State 12631: 12630: 12617: 12616: 12590:(Water or fluid) 12576: 12575: 12563:Sidrat al-Muntahā 12407:(Garlic or wheat) 12337: 12336: 12333: 12332: 12059: 12058: 12055: 12054: 12001:('The Afternoon') 11992:('The Afternoon') 11922:('The Mornings') 11755:Conquest of Mecca 11740:Battle of Khaybar 11676:Event of Mubahala 11672:(Night of Decree) 11645: 11644: 11600:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 11543:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 11506: 11505: 11498:Salat (Synagogue) 11451:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 11302:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 11135:Arabian Peninsula 11110:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 11034: 11033: 11030: 11029: 11026: 11025: 10816: 10815: 10812: 10811: 10764:Brothers of Yūsuf 10635:Children of Ayyub 10628:Wife of Abu Lahab 10586:People of Fir'aun 10577:(People of Jonah) 10551:People of Shuaib 10537:People of Ibrahim 10470:People of Yathrib 10370: 10369: 10366: 10365: 10345:Nebuchadnezzar II 10238: 10237: 9980: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9939: 9938: 9808:and Strong Will') 9535: 9534: 9531: 9530: 9410: 9409: 9350:(Gabriel, chief) 9262: 9261: 8903:978-0-691-09797-8 8868:Koninklijke Brill 8854:978-3-7281-1972-8 8811:978-0-521-22552-6 8788:978-0-7835-5465-5 8702:. 23 April 2009. 8373:978-0-8248-1957-6 8290:978-1-62040-268-9 7750:978-0-86159-193-0 7687:978-0-86037-767-2 7588:978-1-86207-906-9 7077:. 18 October 2012 6940:978-0-393-05975-5 6847:(1): 44–54 (44). 6762:978-0-946621-33-0 6592:978-969-408-136-6 6554:Crone, Patricia; 6526:978-0-88402-284-8 6488:978-0-674-05776-0 6445:Al-ʿUṣūr Al-Wusṭā 6422:978-1-59333-102-3 6273:978-1-4008-8736-1 6183:978-0-7914-0331-0 6096:Al-ʿUṣūr al-Wusṭā 6067:perseus.tufts.edu 6048:978-0-8166-0663-4 6018:978-0-313-32021-7 5985:978-1-74059-667-1 5947:978-0-87779-044-0 5926:Pelikan, Jaroslav 5899:978-0-8264-1207-2 5862:978-0-7591-0190-6 5831:978-0-306-46158-3 5800:978-0-8028-0754-0 5758:978-90-04-14476-7 5626:978-0-19-979413-3 5607:Esposito, John L. 5592:978-0-691-02619-0 5559:on 11 April 2013. 5519:Fattah, Hassan M. 5344:978-90-441-1774-5 5324:978-81-87746-47-8 5294:978-1-136-17016-4 5266:978-0-674-28614-6 5160:978-0-87779-546-9 5016: 5004: 4973:Masar Destination 4529:cultural heritage 4337:Hira'a Hospital ( 4234:copper extraction 4196:Arabian Peninsula 4177: 4176: 4017:relative humidity 3468:Mecca features a 3422: 3410: 3387: 3375: 2968:in a stampede at 2922:Mecca Clock Tower 2839:in the north and 2675:First Saudi State 2576:Abbasid Caliphate 2574:in Syria and the 2568:Umayyad Caliphate 2376:Muhammad in Mecca 2372:Conquest of Mecca 2302:Himyarite Kingdom 2288:marched upon the 2221:" is the name in 2113:Conquest of Mecca 2088:Under the Quraish 1905:Islamic narrative 1885:radiocarbon dated 1795:Nabataean Kingdom 1719:Old World monkeys 1664:mentioned in the 1613:Old South Arabian 1574: 1406:at Mecca and the 1339:, is home to the 1264:Muslim foreigners 1183: 1182: 1113:Deobandi jihadism 518: 517: 423: • Rank 415: • City 394: • Land 386: • City 58:The Holy Capital 16:(Redirected from 16522: 16437: 16430: 16270:response to ISIL 16184: 16183: 16128:Riyal (currency) 16069: 16068: 15851: 15850: 15847: 15846: 15793:Cities and towns 15781: 15780: 15769: 15747:Kingdom of Hejaz 15685: 15678: 15671: 15662: 15661: 15270:As Sayl al Kabir 15040:Al Madiq, Makkah 15000:Al Khadra, Mecca 14875:Ad Dawh al Kabir 14815: 14805: 14798: 14791: 14782: 14781: 14551: 14550: 14539: 14532: 14525: 14516: 14515: 14502: 14501: 14494:Islam portal 14492: 14491: 14490: 14272: 14271: 14264: 14258: 14257: 14099:Medieval science 14042: 14041: 14032: 14026: 14025: 13683:Economic history 13666: 13665: 13642: 13641: 13628:Islam by country 13413:Bektashi Alevism 13051: 13050: 13042:Outline of Islam 13024: 13017: 13010: 13001: 13000: 12987: 12977: 12976: 12967: 12957: 12956: 12947: 12946: 12746: 12719:Mamluk Sultanate 12670: 12669: 12658: 12651: 12644: 12635: 12634: 12517:Plants of Sheba 12429: 12428: 12272:Of Noah's people 12242: 12241: 12210: 12209: 12201:Throne of Bilqis 12194:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 12135:Tablets of Stone 12065: 12064: 12048:First Pilgrimage 11864:Times for prayer 11807:Islamic calendar 11735:Battle of Hunayn 11709: 11708: 11651: 11650: 11590:Bayt al-Muqaddas 11129: 11128: 11040: 11039: 10799:Muhammad's wives 10774:Progeny of Imran 10656:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 10558:People of Madyan 10500: 10499: 10489: 10488: 10387: 10386: 10376: 10375: 10110: 10109: 10076:Zechariah's wife 10060:People of Jesus 10049:Ishmael's mother 9997: 9996: 9986: 9985: 9795: 9794: 9736:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 9721:John the Baptist 9554: 9553: 9541: 9540: 9334: 9333: 9328:Munkar and Nakir 9093: 9092: 9086: 9085: 9041: 9040: 9028: 9027: 9012: 9005: 8998: 8989: 8988: 8945: 8943: 8941: 8907: 8884: 8871: 8858: 8815: 8792: 8765: 8764: 8747: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8731:on 14 April 2019 8717: 8708: 8707: 8690: 8684: 8683: 8666: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8652: 8631: 8625: 8624: 8607: 8601: 8600: 8589: 8583: 8570: 8564: 8558: 8552: 8551: 8536: 8530: 8528: 8517: 8511: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8485: 8477: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8451: 8445: 8438: 8432: 8431: 8421: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8410: 8401:. Archived from 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8357: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8341:on 26 April 2006 8331: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8301: 8295: 8294: 8276: 8270: 8269: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8232: 8226: 8213: 8207: 8193: 8187: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8168: 8162: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8141: 8135: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8107: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8086: 8078: 8072: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8052: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8041: 8030: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8003: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7978: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7967: 7953: 7947: 7941: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7898: 7892: 7879: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7865: 7856:. Archived from 7850: 7841: 7840: 7833:"What is Umrah?" 7829: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7783:. Archived from 7769: 7763: 7762: 7736: 7730: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7716:. Archived from 7706: 7700: 7699: 7673: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7648: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7622: 7616: 7599: 7593: 7592: 7571: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7545: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7519: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7493: 7487: 7481: 7475: 7462: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7433: 7427: 7417: 7411: 7397: 7391: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7370:on 17 June 2012. 7366:. Archived from 7355: 7349: 7331: 7325: 7324: 7316: 7305: 7299: 7298: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7264: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7238: 7232: 7226: 7217: 7209: 7203: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7183:In turn citing: 7181: 7179: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7136: 7134: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7067: 7061: 7043: 7037: 7021: 7015: 7014: 6998: 6995:Prophet Muhammad 6988: 6977: 6971: 6962: 6954: 6945: 6944: 6924: 6918: 6912: 6906: 6900: 6887: 6879: 6873: 6872: 6836: 6830: 6827: 6821: 6818: 6812: 6803: 6797: 6788: 6782: 6773: 6767: 6766: 6743: 6737: 6736: 6710: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6680: 6679: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6603: 6597: 6596: 6578: 6572: 6565: 6559: 6552: 6546: 6545: 6537: 6531: 6530: 6512: 6506: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6457: 6442: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6408: 6402: 6399: 6393: 6390: 6384: 6377: 6371: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6326: 6316: 6292: 6286: 6285: 6259: 6246: 6245: 6219: 6213: 6212: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6150: 6141: 6138: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6087: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6032: 6023: 6022: 6006: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5965: 5952: 5951: 5910: 5904: 5903: 5883: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5784: 5778: 5772: 5763: 5762: 5742: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5699: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5679:. Archived from 5666: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5580: 5570: 5561: 5560: 5543: 5537: 5517: 5511: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5479: 5470: 5469: 5467:have been razed. 5461:Preservationists 5440: 5438: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5328: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5108: 5102: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5082: 5065: 5062: 5056: 5054: 5052:[ˈmakːa] 5049: 5045: 5040: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5020: 5011: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4989: 4940: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4926: 4921: 4920: 4919: 4620:Osman Nuri Pasha 4405: 4404: 4402: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4321: 4319: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4295: 4294: 4292: 4287:Ajyad Hospital ( 4200:Great Depression 4022: 3971: 3492: 3491: 3464:Climate of Mecca 3417: 3415: 3405: 3403: 3382: 3380: 3370: 3368: 3322:Sources of water 3176:Panorama of the 3169: 3127:Maqsurat Ibrahim 2775:Kingdom of Hejaz 2553:Uthman ibn Affan 2430: 2429: 2427: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2402: 2399: 2255:Byzantine Empire 2245:in honor of the 2129:Byzantine Empire 2079: 2078: 2066: 2065: 2063: 1955:Biblical figures 1935: 1917: 1777:Diodorus Siculus 1703:with respect to 1685: 1659: 1653: 1645: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1628: 1605:Claudius Ptolemy 1588:(48), verse 24. 1580: 1569: 1567: 1559: 1553: 1547: 1535: 1526: 1520: 1498: 1482: 1469: 1440: 1431:Saudi government 1428: 1408:Prophet's Mosque 1392:Saudi government 1362: 1338: 1328: 1318: 1288: 1273: 1249: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1175: 1168: 1161: 1147:Islam portal 1145: 1144: 1143: 543: 520: 519: 514: 511: 509: 471: 469: 468: 466: 459: 332: 329: 292: 290: 289: 277: 276: 274: 273: 272: 267: 263: 260: 259: 258: 255: 231: 230: 224: 206: 186: 172: 156: 146:The Clock Towers 142: 122: 108: 106: 105: 99: 79: 77: 76: 67: 65: 64: 51: 42: 41: 21: 16530: 16529: 16525: 16524: 16523: 16521: 16520: 16519: 16460: 16459: 16458: 16453: 16440: 16433: 16426: 16413: 16375: 16337:Public holidays 16281: 16169: 16113:Foreign workers 16054: 15987: 15912: 15903:Nuclear program 15832: 15770: 15761: 15742:Emirate of Nejd 15698: 15689: 15659: 15654: 15585:Nuzlat al Faqin 15460:Haddat ash Sham 14970:Al Hazm, Makkah 14831: 14819: 14809: 14779: 14774: 14764: 14668: 14617:300,000-999,999 14612: 14556: 14545: 14543: 14513: 14508: 14488: 14486: 14470: 14392:Cultural Muslim 14363: 14330: 14276:Other religions 14266: 14262: 14244: 14179: 14146: 14093: 14036: 14034:Islamic studies 14030: 14012: 13846: 13791: 13768: 13715: 13660: 13659: 13632: 13581:Moral teachings 13524: 13506: 13480:Nation of Islam 13393:Twelver Shi'ism 13330: 13296:Religious texts 13290: 13208:Early conquests 13191: 13173: 13125: 13045: 13034: 13028: 12998: 12993: 12935: 12906: 12880: 12864: 12848: 12783:Safa and Marwah 12753: 12747: 12738: 12675: 12671:Articles about 12664: 12662: 12632: 12627: 12613: 12572: 12510: 12504: 12427: 12388: 12343: 12329: 12303: 12267: 12240: 12214: 12213:Mentioned idols 12208: 12170: 12168: 12162: 12107:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 12070: 12051: 12042:Laylat al-Mabit 12025: 11977:('The Evening') 11966:Dulūk ash-Shams 11934:('The Morning') 11928:('The Morning') 11865: 11859: 11830: 11805: 11799: 11788:Days of battles 11759: 11713: 11703: 11664:Incident of Ifk 11656: 11641: 11632:Palestine River 11502: 11471:Masjid al-Dirar 11401: 11395: 11342: 11290: 11282: 11137: 11133: 11127: 11064:'Blessed' Land' 11045: 11022: 10886: 10880: 10861:Umayyad Dynasty 10822: 10808: 10769:Lot's daughters 10753: 10752:('People of the 10751: 10743: 10695:(people of Hud) 10681: 10667: 10659:(Gog and Magog) 10542:People of Ilyas 10495: 10493: 10487: 10420:Jesus' apostles 10397:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 10381: 10362: 10308: 10302: 10266:of Moses' time) 10234: 10210:Wise, pious man 10197:Wife of Pharaoh 10189:Imraʾat Firʿawn 10176:Aaron and Moses 10175: 10169: 10125:(Benjamin) and 10114: 10108: 10026:Family of Noah 9991: 9972: 9935: 9890: 9861:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 9807: 9805: 9803: 9793: 9719:ibn Zakariyyā ( 9548: 9527: 9498: 9455: 9406: 9368:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 9358:('The Spirit') 9332: 9310:Kirāman Kātibīn 9305:Harut and Marut 9282:Angels of Hell 9258: 9193: 9080: 9046: 9035: 9022: 9016: 8969: 8952: 8939: 8937: 8926: 8904: 8855: 8833:Bianca, Stefano 8828: 8822: 8820:Further reading 8812: 8789: 8774: 8769: 8768: 8749: 8748: 8744: 8734: 8732: 8719: 8718: 8711: 8692: 8691: 8687: 8668: 8667: 8660: 8650: 8648: 8633: 8632: 8628: 8609: 8608: 8604: 8591: 8590: 8586: 8580:Wayback Machine 8571: 8567: 8559: 8555: 8538: 8537: 8533: 8519: 8518: 8514: 8508:Wayback Machine 8499: 8495: 8483: 8479: 8478: 8474: 8464: 8462: 8457:. Fordham.edu. 8453: 8452: 8448: 8439: 8435: 8422: 8418: 8408: 8406: 8393: 8392: 8388: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8358: 8354: 8344: 8342: 8333: 8332: 8328: 8318: 8316: 8303: 8302: 8298: 8291: 8277: 8273: 8260: 8259: 8255: 8245: 8243: 8234: 8233: 8229: 8223:Wayback Machine 8214: 8210: 8205:Wayback Machine 8194: 8190: 8180: 8178: 8170: 8169: 8165: 8155: 8153: 8142: 8138: 8130: 8126: 8116: 8114: 8109: 8108: 8104: 8094: 8092: 8084: 8080: 8079: 8075: 8065: 8063: 8054: 8053: 8049: 8039: 8037: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8017: 8015: 8004: 8000: 7990: 7988: 7980: 7979: 7975: 7965: 7963: 7955: 7954: 7950: 7942: 7921: 7911: 7909: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7889:Wayback Machine 7880: 7873: 7863: 7861: 7852: 7851: 7844: 7831: 7830: 7826: 7816: 7814: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7790: 7788: 7775:Bab Bani Shaiba 7771: 7770: 7766: 7751: 7737: 7733: 7723: 7721: 7708: 7707: 7703: 7688: 7674: 7670: 7660: 7658: 7650: 7649: 7645: 7635: 7633: 7624: 7623: 7619: 7609:Wayback Machine 7600: 7596: 7589: 7575:Ruthven, Malise 7572: 7568: 7558: 7556: 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6509: 6500: 6496: 6489: 6475: 6471: 6461: 6459: 6455: 6440: 6434: 6430: 6423: 6409: 6405: 6400: 6396: 6391: 6387: 6378: 6374: 6369: 6365: 6358: 6344: 6340: 6293: 6289: 6274: 6260: 6249: 6220: 6216: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6168: 6164: 6151: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6127: 6123: 6088: 6081: 6071: 6069: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6049: 6033: 6026: 6019: 5997: 5993: 5986: 5966: 5955: 5948: 5940:. p. 703. 5938:Merriam-Webster 5918:Reynolds, Frank 5914:Carrasco, David 5911: 5907: 5900: 5874: 5870: 5863: 5855:. p. 302. 5853:Rowman Altamira 5843: 5839: 5832: 5824:. p. 342. 5812: 5808: 5801: 5785: 5781: 5773: 5766: 5759: 5743: 5736: 5726: 5724: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5686: 5684: 5683:on 17 July 2015 5667: 5663: 5653: 5651: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5627: 5604: 5600: 5593: 5571: 5564: 5545: 5544: 5540: 5528:Wayback Machine 5518: 5514: 5505: 5501: 5489:The Independent 5480: 5473: 5436: 5434: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5396: 5394: 5392:Dr. Ehsan Bayat 5384: 5380: 5373: 5356: 5352: 5345: 5325: 5309: 5305: 5295: 5281: 5277: 5267: 5253: 5249: 5239: 5237: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5198: 5197: 5193: 5183: 5181: 5179:City Population 5173: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5134: 5130: 5120: 5118: 5116:City Population 5110: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5047: 5033: 5029: 5018: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4963:Masjid al-Haram 4936: 4931: 4929: 4922: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4903:electric trains 4871: 4866: 4807: 4759: 4735: 4730: 4713: 4697:Saudi TV Sports 4681:Hussein bin Ali 4673: 4616: 4611: 4605:, or bookrest. 4577: 4571: 4551: 4514: 4422: 4416: 4274:second language 4265: 4263:Human resources 4183: 4178: 4021:(daily average) 4020: 3969: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3466: 3460: 3423:'Spring of 3388:'Spring of 3351:Harun ar-Rashid 3324: 3315: 3303: 3255: 3239: 3219: 3199:Masjid al-Haram 3188: 3186:Hajj and 'Umrah 3183: 3182: 3181: 3175: 3170: 3147: 3141: 3108: 3091: 3085: 3059: 3053: 3029:Masjid al-Haram 3025: 3023:Masjid al-Haram 2990: 2957: 2910: 2890:Masjid al-Haram 2878: 2849:First World War 2781:with returning 2767:Hussain bin Ali 2726: 2636: 2541: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2408: 2405: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2392: 2382: 2366:Main articles: 2364: 2153:Sassanid Empire 2090: 2021:Sharḥ al-Asāṭīr 1951: 1950: 1949: 1948: 1947: 1944:Al-Haram Mosque 1942:Turkish map of 1936: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1918: 1866:Ma'ad ibn Adnan 1731: 1697: 1692: 1678:Yaqut al-Hamawi 1662:Desert of Paran 1621: 1541: 1490: 1484: 1458: 1404:Masjid al-Haram 1336:Masjid al-Haram 1333:, known as the 1302:Islamic prophet 1247: 1193: 1189: 1179: 1141: 1139: 1132: 1131: 1108:Salafi jihadism 1066:Other religions 1061:Arabic language 1023: 1013: 1012: 941:Moral teachings 832: 818: 817: 808:Spread of Islam 753: 743: 742: 730:(jurisprudence) 712:Qisas al-Anbiya 661: 660: 640: 639: 608: 598: 597: 553: 506: 460: 330: 287: 285: 270: 268: 264: 261: 256: 253: 251: 249: 248: 242: 241: 240: 239: 238: 237: 236: 232: 211: 209: 197: 196: 195: 194: 193: 187: 179: 178: 173: 164: 163: 162: 157: 149: 148: 143: 134: 133: 132: 126:Masjid al-Haram 123: 100: 90: 83: 82: 71: 63:العاصمة المقدسة 59: 53: 47: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 16528: 16518: 16517: 16512: 16507: 16502: 16497: 16492: 16487: 16482: 16477: 16472: 16455: 16454: 16452: 16451: 16446: 16439: 16438: 16431: 16423: 16422: 16419: 16418: 16415: 16414: 16412: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16396: 16391: 16385: 16383: 16377: 16376: 16374: 16373: 16368: 16363: 16362: 16361: 16351: 16350: 16349: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16328: 16327: 16317: 16312: 16307: 16302: 16297: 16291: 16289: 16283: 16282: 16280: 16279: 16274: 16273: 16272: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16236: 16235: 16230: 16220: 16218:Discrimination 16215: 16214: 16213: 16203: 16198: 16193: 16187: 16181: 16175: 16174: 16171: 16170: 16168: 16167: 16166: 16165: 16155: 16150: 16145: 16140: 16135: 16130: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16110: 16109: 16108: 16103: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16072: 16066: 16060: 16059: 16056: 16055: 16053: 16052: 16050:Military ranks 16047: 16042: 16037: 16032: 16030:National Guard 16027: 16022: 16017: 16012: 16007: 16001: 15999: 15993: 15992: 15989: 15988: 15986: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15964: 15963: 15958: 15953: 15943: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15922: 15920: 15914: 15913: 15911: 15910: 15908:Prime Minister 15905: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15854: 15844: 15838: 15837: 15834: 15833: 15831: 15830: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15784: 15778: 15772: 15771: 15764: 15762: 15760: 15759: 15757:Modern history 15754: 15749: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15708: 15706: 15700: 15699: 15688: 15687: 15680: 15673: 15665: 15656: 15655: 15653: 15652: 15647: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15207: 15202: 15197: 15192: 15187: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15160:Al Qushashiyah 15157: 15152: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15057: 15052: 15047: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15027: 15022: 15017: 15012: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14972: 14967: 14962: 14957: 14952: 14947: 14942: 14937: 14932: 14927: 14922: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14897: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14877: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14836: 14833: 14832: 14824: 14821: 14820: 14817:Mecca Province 14808: 14807: 14800: 14793: 14785: 14776: 14775: 14769: 14766: 14765: 14763: 14762: 14760:Yanbu' al Bahr 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14676: 14674: 14670: 14669: 14667: 14666: 14661: 14656: 14651: 14646: 14641: 14639:Hafar al-Batin 14636: 14631: 14626: 14620: 14618: 14614: 14613: 14611: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14588:Khamis Mushait 14585: 14580: 14575: 14570: 14564: 14562: 14558: 14557: 14542: 14541: 14534: 14527: 14519: 14510: 14509: 14507: 14506: 14496: 14483: 14480: 14479: 14476: 14475: 14472: 14471: 14469: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14427: 14426: 14416: 14415: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14394: 14389: 14388: 14387: 14382: 14371: 14369: 14368:Related topics 14365: 14364: 14362: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14340: 14338: 14332: 14331: 14329: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14302: 14301: 14296: 14291: 14280: 14278: 14268: 14267: 14254: 14253: 14250: 14249: 14246: 14245: 14243: 14242: 14237: 14230: 14225: 14224: 14223: 14213: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14187: 14185: 14181: 14180: 14178: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14156: 14154: 14148: 14147: 14145: 14144: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14103: 14101: 14095: 14094: 14092: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14050: 14048: 14038: 14037: 14022: 14021: 14018: 14017: 14014: 14013: 14011: 14010: 14005: 14004: 14003: 13991: 13989:Sources of law 13986: 13981: 13980: 13979: 13969: 13962: 13957: 13950: 13945: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13896: 13889: 13888: 13887: 13882: 13877: 13867: 13862: 13854: 13852: 13848: 13847: 13845: 13844: 13837: 13830: 13823: 13816: 13809: 13802: 13794: 13792: 13790: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13773: 13770: 13769: 13767: 13766: 13759: 13754: 13747: 13740: 13733: 13725: 13723: 13717: 13716: 13714: 13713: 13706: 13699: 13692: 13685: 13680: 13674: 13672: 13662: 13661: 13658: 13657: 13652: 13646: 13638: 13637: 13634: 13633: 13631: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13613:Social welfare 13610: 13605: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13527: 13525: 13523: 13522: 13517: 13511: 13508: 13507: 13505: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13493: 13492: 13482: 13477: 13476: 13475: 13470: 13469: 13468: 13463: 13462: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13438: 13424: 13423: 13422: 13417: 13416: 13415: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13385: 13380: 13379: 13378: 13377: 13376: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13340: 13338: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13328: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13300: 13298: 13292: 13291: 13289: 13288: 13287: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13239: 13234: 13227: 13220: 13218:Historiography 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13194: 13192: 13190: 13189: 13184: 13178: 13175: 13174: 13172: 13171: 13164: 13157: 13150: 13143: 13135: 13133: 13127: 13126: 13124: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13091: 13090: 13089: 13079: 13072: 13071: 13070: 13059: 13057: 13047: 13046: 13039: 13036: 13035: 13027: 13026: 13019: 13012: 13004: 12995: 12994: 12992: 12991: 12981: 12971: 12961: 12951: 12940: 12937: 12936: 12934: 12933: 12932: 12931: 12920: 12914: 12912: 12908: 12907: 12905: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12888: 12886: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12878: 12872: 12870: 12866: 12865: 12863: 12862: 12856: 12854: 12850: 12849: 12847: 12846: 12844:Bawabat Makkah 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12825: 12824: 12822:Jamarat Bridge 12814: 12809: 12808: 12807: 12797: 12792: 12791: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12779: 12778: 12768: 12757: 12755: 12749: 12748: 12741: 12739: 12737: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12724:Ottoman Empire 12721: 12716: 12714:Abbasid Empire 12711: 12709:Umayyad Empire 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12685: 12683: 12677: 12676: 12661: 12660: 12653: 12646: 12638: 12629: 12628: 12622: 12619: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12612: 12611: 12605: 12604: 12603: 12602:(River or sea) 12597: 12584: 12582: 12578: 12577: 12574: 12573: 12571: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12550: 12540: 12539: 12538: 12528: 12514: 12512: 12506: 12505: 12503: 12502: 12501: 12500: 12492: 12482: 12472: 12462: 12452: 12446: 12435: 12433: 12426: 12420: 12414: 12408: 12402: 12396: 12394: 12390: 12389: 12387: 12386: 12385: 12384: 12372: 12371: 12370: 12358: 12347: 12345: 12339: 12338: 12335: 12334: 12331: 12330: 12328: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12311: 12309: 12305: 12304: 12302: 12301: 12296: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12275: 12273: 12269: 12268: 12266: 12265: 12254: 12248: 12246: 12239: 12238: 12222: 12218: 12216: 12207: 12206: 12203: 12198: 12190: 12185: 12180: 12174: 12172: 12164: 12163: 12161: 12160: 12152: 12139: 12138: 12137: 12132: 12111: 12103: 12094: 12080: 12078: 12072: 12071: 12061: 12060: 12057: 12056: 12053: 12052: 12050: 12045: 12038: 12033: 12031: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12023: 12022: 12021: 12006: 12005: 12004: 12003: 12002: 11993: 11978: 11963: 11954: 11953: 11952: 11942:('The Night') 11937: 11936: 11935: 11929: 11917: 11898:('Praising'), 11869: 11867: 11866:or remembrance 11861: 11860: 11858: 11857: 11848: 11838: 11836: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11828: 11827: 11826: 11821: 11811: 11809: 11801: 11800: 11798: 11797: 11792: 11789: 11786: 11777: 11767: 11765: 11761: 11760: 11758: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11745:Battle of Uhud 11742: 11737: 11732: 11730:Battle of Badr 11727: 11717: 11715: 11705: 11704: 11702: 11701: 11696: 11690: 11678: 11673: 11669:Laylat al-Qadr 11665: 11661: 11658: 11657: 11647: 11646: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11639: 11633: 11630: 11624: 11619: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11596: 11587: 11584: 11579: 11578: 11577: 11576: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11561:Ghār ath-Thawr 11557: 11552: 11527: 11526: 11525: 11514: 11512: 11508: 11507: 11504: 11503: 11501: 11500: 11495: 11494: 11493: 11492: 11491: 11486: 11473: 11468: 11458: 11448: 11426: 11421: 11414: 11405: 11403: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11393: 11384:('Township of 11379: 11369: 11368: 11367: 11353: 11351: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11340: 11331: 11330: 11329: 11328: 11327: 11312:Al-Wādil-Ayman 11306:Valley of Tuwa 11294: 11292: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11275: 11274: 11273: 11251: 11250: 11249: 11247:Safa and Marwa 11244: 11236: 11226: 11217: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11184: 11175: 11162: 11161: 11160: 11141: 11139: 11126: 11125: 11122: 11112: 11107: 11097: 11095:Door of Hittah 11092: 11080: 11067: 11066: 11065: 11053: 11051: 11047: 11046: 11036: 11035: 11032: 11031: 11028: 11027: 11024: 11023: 11021: 11020: 11019: 11018: 11012: 11001: 11000: 10999: 10994: 10993: 10992: 10987: 10972: 10971: 10970: 10965: 10940: 10939: 10938: 10930: 10918: 10910: 10909: 10908: 10898: 10895:Ahl al-Dhimmah 10890: 10888: 10882: 10881: 10879: 10878: 10872: 10863: 10858: 10856:Iranian people 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10832: 10826: 10824: 10818: 10817: 10814: 10813: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10806: 10803: 10802: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10781: 10778: 10777: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10757: 10755: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10741: 10740: 10739: 10723: 10718: 10717: 10716: 10701: 10696: 10689: 10687: 10669: 10668: 10666: 10665: 10660: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10631: 10630: 10619: 10618: 10617: 10616: 10615: 10609: 10596:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 10588: 10583: 10578: 10569: 10568: 10567: 10564:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 10561: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10534: 10526: 10518: 10510: 10503: 10497: 10486: 10485: 10484:Nation of Noah 10482: 10476: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10439: 10434: 10433: 10432: 10417: 10407: 10406: 10405: 10402: 10393: 10391: 10383: 10382: 10372: 10371: 10368: 10367: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10355: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10339: 10336:Caleb or Kaleb 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10312: 10310: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10300: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10278: 10272: 10267: 10257: 10246: 10244: 10240: 10239: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10206: 10205: 10200: 10186: 10179: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10161: 10160: 10149: 10143: 10130: 10118: 10116: 10107: 10106: 10100: 10099: 10098: 10093: 10091:Queen of Sheba 10088: 10080: 10079: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10058: 10057: 10056: 10054:Isaac's mother 10051: 10046: 10040: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10032: 10024: 10019: 10018: 10017: 10012: 10003: 10001: 9993: 9992: 9982: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9974: 9973: 9971: 9970: 9967:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 9964: 9954: 9947: 9945: 9941: 9940: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9933: 9919: 9909: 9904: 9898: 9896: 9895:Debatable ones 9892: 9891: 9889: 9888: 9878: 9877:Friend of God) 9868: 9858: 9857: 9856: 9850: 9830: 9829: 9828: 9822: 9811: 9809: 9804:('Those of the 9792: 9791: 9781: 9771: 9770: 9769: 9763: 9739: 9738: 9737: 9724: 9714: 9703: 9693: 9683: 9678: 9668: 9667: 9666: 9651: 9641: 9635: 9629: 9619: 9613: 9607: 9601: 9591: 9581: 9571: 9560: 9558: 9550: 9549: 9537: 9536: 9533: 9532: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9525: 9518: 9506: 9504: 9500: 9499: 9497: 9496: 9488: 9472: 9470: 9457: 9456: 9454: 9453: 9446: 9438: 9431: 9423: 9421: 9412: 9411: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9404: 9398: 9390: 9379: 9378: 9377: 9376: 9375: 9365: 9362:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 9344: 9342: 9331: 9330: 9325: 9324: 9323: 9318: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9296: 9295: 9288: 9279: 9277: 9264: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9244: 9232: 9222: 9212: 9201: 9199: 9195: 9194: 9192: 9191: 9182: 9173: 9164: 9154: 9141: 9131: 9118: 9109: 9099: 9097: 9090: 9082: 9081: 9079: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9051: 9048: 9047: 9037: 9036: 9024: 9023: 9015: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8968: 8967:External links 8965: 8964: 8963: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8946: 8924: 8917: 8908: 8902: 8885: 8872: 8859: 8853: 8821: 8818: 8817: 8816: 8810: 8793: 8787: 8773: 8770: 8767: 8766: 8742: 8709: 8685: 8658: 8626: 8602: 8599:. 30 May 2013. 8584: 8565: 8563:. saudinf.com. 8553: 8531: 8512: 8493: 8472: 8446: 8433: 8416: 8386: 8372: 8352: 8326: 8296: 8289: 8271: 8253: 8227: 8208: 8188: 8163: 8152:on 20 May 2007 8136: 8124: 8102: 8073: 8062:on 12 May 2012 8047: 8025: 7998: 7973: 7948: 7919: 7908:on 29 May 2007 7893: 7871: 7842: 7824: 7798: 7781:Madain Project 7764: 7749: 7731: 7714:Madain Project 7701: 7686: 7668: 7643: 7617: 7594: 7587: 7566: 7540: 7514: 7488: 7476: 7454: 7428: 7412: 7392: 7373: 7350: 7326: 7311:, ed. (1911). 7309:Chisholm, Hugh 7300: 7285: 7259: 7233: 7218: 7204: 7192: 7147: 7113: 7088: 7062: 7038: 7016: 7009: 6978: 6963: 6946: 6939: 6919: 6907: 6888: 6874: 6831: 6822: 6813: 6798: 6783: 6768: 6761: 6738: 6731: 6705: 6693: 6681: 6674: 6656: 6613: 6598: 6591: 6573: 6560: 6547: 6532: 6525: 6507: 6494: 6487: 6469: 6428: 6421: 6403: 6394: 6385: 6372: 6363: 6357:978-1710858853 6356: 6338: 6287: 6272: 6247: 6214: 6189: 6182: 6162: 6142: 6133: 6121: 6079: 6054: 6047: 6024: 6017: 5991: 5984: 5953: 5946: 5922:Neusner, Jacob 5905: 5898: 5868: 5861: 5837: 5830: 5806: 5799: 5779: 5764: 5757: 5734: 5708: 5694: 5661: 5635: 5625: 5619:. p. 25. 5598: 5591: 5562: 5538: 5512: 5499: 5471: 5404: 5378: 5371: 5350: 5343: 5323: 5303: 5293: 5275: 5265: 5247: 5221: 5191: 5166: 5159: 5140: 5128: 5103: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5057: 5027: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4958:Mecca Province 4955: 4947:Bayt al-Mawlid 4942: 4941: 4927: 4911: 4908: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4806: 4803: 4758: 4755: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4728:Transportation 4726: 4722:Day of 'Arafah 4712: 4709: 4672: 4669: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4609:Communications 4607: 4570: 4567: 4550: 4547: 4513: 4510: 4498:Mecca Province 4415: 4412: 4408: 4407: 4395: 4383: 4371: 4359: 4347: 4335: 4323: 4309: 4297: 4264: 4261: 4182: 4179: 4175: 4174: 4166: 4165: 4157: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4115:sunshine hours 4110: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4068:sunshine hours 4063: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4050: 4047: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4012: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3975: 3972: 3965: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3611: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3490: 3462:Main article: 3459: 3456: 3339:water scarcity 3332:well of Zamzam 3323: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3302: 3299: 3254: 3251: 3238: 3235: 3218: 3215: 3187: 3184: 3172: 3171: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3145:Safa and Marwa 3143:Main article: 3140: 3139:Safa and Marwa 3137: 3107: 3104: 3087:Main article: 3084: 3081: 3055:Main article: 3052: 3049: 3024: 3021: 2989: 2986: 2953:Main article: 2939:Ajyad Fortress 2906:Main article: 2835:and onward to 2794:Following the 2725: 2724:Modern history 2722: 2683:(viceroy) and 2671:Ottoman Caliph 2635: 2632: 2545:Islamic states 2540: 2537: 2523:Attab ibn Asid 2434:Bayt al-Mawlid 2363: 2360: 2325:of the Quran, 2306:Abdul Muttalib 2089: 2086: 1937: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1919: 1912: 1911: 1910: 1909: 1908: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1887:to 591–643 CE. 1873:Patricia Crone 1840:Arabia Petraea 1832:Patricia Crone 1799:Arabia Petraea 1745:Battle of Badr 1730: 1727: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1620: 1617: 1540: 1529: 1486:Main article: 1483: 1476: 1457: 1454: 1400:Ajyad Fortress 1398:, such as the 1372:regime changes 1293:in the world. 1260:Saudi citizens 1224:Mecca Province 1181: 1180: 1178: 1177: 1170: 1163: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1149: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1095: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1024: 1021:Related topics 1019: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1003:Social welfare 1000: 995: 994: 993: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 897: 896: 891: 881: 880: 879: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 833: 824: 823: 820: 819: 816: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 789: 788: 781: 774: 766: 765: 760: 754: 749: 748: 745: 744: 741: 740: 732: 723: 722: 716: 708: 700: 691: 690: 670: 662: 659: 658: 653: 647: 646: 645: 642: 641: 638: 637: 632: 627: 621: 620: 615: 609: 604: 603: 600: 599: 596: 595: 593:Predestination 589: 588: 583: 577: 576: 574:Revealed Books 571: 565: 564: 554: 549: 548: 545: 544: 536: 535: 529: 528: 516: 515: 504: 500: 499: 496: 490: 489: 479: 473: 472: 453: 447: 446: 443: 436: 435: 432: 428: 427: 424: 420: 419: 416: 412: 411: 407: 406: 403: 399: 398: 395: 391: 390: 387: 383: 382: 378: 377: 372: 368: 367: 365:Saleh Al-Turki 362: 358: 357: 353: 352: 347:(building The 338: 334: 333: 325: 321: 320: 315: 309: 308: 306:Mecca Province 303: 297: 296: 283: 279: 278: 244: 243: 234: 233: 226: 225: 219: 218: 217: 216: 213: 212: 210:Mecca province 207: 199: 198: 188: 181: 180: 174: 167: 166: 165: 158: 151: 150: 144: 137: 136: 135: 124: 117: 116: 115: 114: 113: 110: 109: 92: 91: 88: 85: 84: 81: 80: 68: 55: 54: 45: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16527: 16516: 16513: 16511: 16508: 16506: 16503: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16485:Closed cities 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16467: 16465: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16441: 16436: 16432: 16429: 16425: 16424: 16420: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16402: 16400: 16397: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16386: 16384: 16382: 16378: 16372: 16369: 16367: 16364: 16360: 16357: 16356: 16355: 16352: 16348: 16345: 16344: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16326: 16323: 16322: 16321: 16318: 16316: 16313: 16311: 16308: 16306: 16303: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16292: 16290: 16288: 16284: 16278: 16275: 16271: 16268: 16267: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16225: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16212: 16209: 16208: 16207: 16204: 16202: 16199: 16197: 16194: 16192: 16189: 16188: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16176: 16164: 16161: 16160: 16159: 16156: 16154: 16151: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16129: 16126: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16098: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16073: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16061: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16021: 16018: 16016: 16013: 16011: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16002: 16000: 15998: 15994: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15962: 15959: 15957: 15954: 15952: 15949: 15948: 15947: 15944: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15923: 15921: 15919: 15915: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15855: 15852: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15839: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15785: 15782: 15779: 15777: 15773: 15768: 15758: 15755: 15753: 15750: 15748: 15745: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15709: 15707: 15705: 15701: 15697: 15693: 15686: 15681: 15679: 15674: 15672: 15667: 15666: 15663: 15651: 15650:Wadi al Jalil 15648: 15646: 15643: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15350:Ash Shuwaybit 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15201: 15198: 15196: 15193: 15191: 15188: 15186: 15185:Al `Utaybiyah 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15140:Al Qawba`iyah 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15115:Al Muraysiyah 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15090:Al Mudawwarah 15088: 15086: 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15056: 15053: 15051: 15048: 15046: 15043: 15041: 15038: 15036: 15033: 15031: 15028: 15026: 15023: 15021: 15018: 15016: 15013: 15011: 15008: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14971: 14968: 14966: 14963: 14961: 14958: 14956: 14953: 14951: 14948: 14946: 14943: 14941: 14938: 14936: 14933: 14931: 14928: 14926: 14923: 14921: 14918: 14916: 14913: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14876: 14873: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14837: 14834: 14830: 14827: 14822: 14818: 14814: 14806: 14801: 14799: 14794: 14792: 14787: 14786: 14783: 14773: 14767: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14677: 14675: 14671: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14642: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14621: 14619: 14615: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14589: 14586: 14584: 14581: 14579: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14565: 14563: 14559: 14555:by population 14554: 14549: 14540: 14535: 14533: 14528: 14526: 14521: 14520: 14517: 14505: 14497: 14495: 14485: 14484: 14481: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14425: 14422: 14421: 14420: 14417: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14407:Post-Islamism 14405: 14403: 14400: 14399: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14377: 14376: 14373: 14372: 14370: 14366: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14341: 14339: 14337: 14333: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14300: 14299:Protestantism 14297: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14286: 14285: 14282: 14281: 14279: 14277: 14273: 14269: 14259: 14255: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14235: 14231: 14229: 14226: 14222: 14219: 14218: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14207: 14204: 14202: 14199: 14197: 14194: 14192: 14189: 14188: 14186: 14182: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14157: 14155: 14153: 14149: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14137:Ophthalmology 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14110: 14108: 14105: 14104: 14102: 14100: 14096: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14051: 14049: 14047: 14043: 14039: 14035: 14027: 14023: 14009: 14006: 14002: 14001: 13997: 13996: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13978: 13975: 13974: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13967: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13955: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13943: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13901: 13897: 13895: 13894: 13890: 13886: 13885:Death penalty 13883: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13872: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13861: 13860: 13856: 13855: 13853: 13851:Other aspects 13849: 13843: 13842: 13838: 13836: 13835: 13831: 13829: 13828: 13824: 13822: 13821: 13817: 13815: 13814: 13810: 13808: 13807: 13803: 13801: 13800: 13796: 13795: 13793: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13774: 13771: 13765: 13764: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13752: 13748: 13746: 13745: 13741: 13739: 13738: 13734: 13732: 13731: 13727: 13726: 13724: 13722: 13718: 13712: 13711: 13707: 13705: 13704: 13700: 13698: 13697: 13693: 13691: 13690: 13686: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13675: 13673: 13671: 13667: 13663: 13656: 13655:Jurisprudence 13653: 13651: 13648: 13647: 13643: 13639: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13603: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13528: 13526: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13512: 13509: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13491: 13488: 13487: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13474: 13471: 13467: 13464: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13446: 13445: 13442: 13441: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13433: 13432: 13428: 13425: 13421: 13418: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13390: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13375: 13372: 13371: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13346: 13345: 13342: 13341: 13339: 13337: 13336:Denominations 13333: 13327: 13326: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13297: 13293: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13249: 13245: 13244: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13233: 13232: 13228: 13226: 13225: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13195: 13193: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13179: 13176: 13170: 13169: 13165: 13163: 13162: 13158: 13156: 13155: 13151: 13149: 13148: 13144: 13142: 13141: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13128: 13122: 13121:Holiest sites 13119: 13117: 13116:Judgement Day 13114: 13112: 13111: 13107: 13105: 13102: 13100: 13097: 13095: 13092: 13088: 13085: 13084: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13077: 13073: 13069: 13066: 13065: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13056: 13052: 13048: 13044: 13043: 13037: 13032: 13025: 13020: 13018: 13013: 13011: 13006: 13005: 13002: 12990: 12986: 12982: 12980: 12972: 12970: 12966: 12962: 12960: 12952: 12950: 12942: 12941: 12938: 12930: 12927: 12926: 12925: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12915: 12913: 12909: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12889: 12887: 12883: 12877: 12874: 12873: 12871: 12867: 12861: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12851: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12823: 12820: 12819: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12806: 12803: 12802: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12777: 12774: 12773: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12766:Maqām Ibrāhīm 12764: 12763: 12762: 12759: 12758: 12756: 12750: 12745: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12686: 12684: 12682: 12678: 12674: 12668: 12659: 12654: 12652: 12647: 12645: 12640: 12639: 12636: 12625: 12620: 12609: 12606: 12601: 12598: 12595: 12592: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12585: 12583: 12579: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12558: 12554: 12551: 12548: 12544: 12541: 12536: 12532: 12529: 12526: 12522: 12519: 12518: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12509:Bushes, trees 12507: 12499: 12496: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12486: 12483: 12480: 12476: 12473: 12470: 12466: 12463: 12460: 12456: 12453: 12450: 12447: 12444: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12430: 12424: 12421: 12418: 12415: 12412: 12409: 12406: 12403: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12391: 12382: 12379: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12368: 12365: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12356: 12353: 12352: 12350: 12346: 12340: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12306: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12276: 12274: 12270: 12263: 12259: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12249: 12247: 12245:Of Israelites 12243: 12236: 12232: 12231: 12226: 12223: 12220: 12219: 12217: 12215:(cult images) 12211: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12196: 12195: 12191: 12189: 12188:Staff of Musa 12186: 12184: 12181: 12179: 12176: 12175: 12173: 12165: 12158: 12157: 12153: 12150: 12146: 12145: 12140: 12136: 12133: 12130: 12129: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12118: 12117: 12112: 12109: 12108: 12104: 12101: 12100: 12095: 12092: 12088: 12087: 12082: 12081: 12079: 12077: 12073: 12066: 12062: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12043: 12039: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12028: 12019: 12018: 12013: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12000: 11999: 11994: 11991: 11988: 11987: 11985: 11984: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11970: 11969: 11967: 11964: 11961: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11949: 11944: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11933: 11930: 11927: 11924: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11915: 11912: 11911: 11909: 11908: 11903: 11902: 11897: 11896: 11891: 11890: 11885: 11884: 11879: 11875: 11874: 11868: 11862: 11855: 11854: 11849: 11846: 11845: 11840: 11839: 11837: 11833: 11825: 11822: 11819: 11816: 11815: 11813: 11812: 11810: 11808: 11804:Months of the 11802: 11796: 11793: 11790: 11787: 11784: 11783: 11778: 11775: 11774: 11769: 11768: 11766: 11762: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11725: 11724: 11719: 11718: 11716: 11710: 11706: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11691: 11688: 11684: 11683: 11682:Sayl al-ʿArim 11679: 11677: 11674: 11671: 11670: 11666: 11663: 11662: 11659: 11652: 11648: 11638: 11634: 11631: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11615: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603:(Mesopotamia) 11602: 11601: 11597: 11595: 11591: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11563: 11562: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11550: 11545: 11544: 11540: 11539: 11537: 11536: 11531: 11530: 11528: 11524: 11521: 11520: 11519: 11516: 11515: 11513: 11509: 11499: 11496: 11490: 11487: 11484: 11480: 11477: 11476: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11466: 11465:Sacred Mosque 11462: 11459: 11456: 11452: 11449: 11446: 11445: 11441: 11440: 11438: 11434: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11419: 11415: 11412: 11411: 11407: 11406: 11404: 11398: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11380: 11377: 11373: 11370: 11365: 11364: 11360: 11359: 11358: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11350: 11345: 11339: 11335: 11332: 11325: 11324: 11320: 11319: 11317: 11313: 11310: 11309: 11307: 11303: 11301: 11296: 11295: 11293: 11291:or Tīh Desert 11289: 11285: 11279: 11276: 11271: 11267: 11264: 11263: 11261: 11257: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11245: 11242: 11241: 11240:Maqām Ibrāhīm 11237: 11234: 11230: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11212: 11210: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11190: 11189: 11185: 11183: 11179: 11176: 11173: 11169: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11154: 11151: 11150: 11148: 11147: 11143: 11142: 11140: 11136: 11130: 11123: 11120: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11105: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11090: 11086: 11085: 11081: 11078: 11074: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11062: 11060: 11059: 11055: 11054: 11052: 11048: 11041: 11037: 11016: 11013: 11010: 11007: 11006: 11005: 11002: 10998: 10995: 10991: 10990:Rabbani/Rabbi 10988: 10986: 10983: 10982: 10980: 10976: 10973: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10960: 10958: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10948: 10944: 10941: 10936: 10935: 10934: 10931: 10928: 10924: 10923: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10911: 10906: 10905: 10904: 10903: 10899: 10897: 10896: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10883: 10877: 10873: 10871: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10819: 10804: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10786: 10785: 10782: 10779: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10761: 10759: 10758: 10756: 10750: 10746: 10737: 10733: 10732:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 10730: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10715: 10712: 10711: 10709: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10694: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10680: 10676: 10675: 10670: 10664: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10629: 10626: 10625: 10624: 10620: 10613: 10610: 10607: 10604: 10603: 10601: 10597: 10594: 10593: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10576: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10562: 10559: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10548: 10547:People of Nuh 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10532: 10531: 10527: 10524: 10523: 10519: 10516: 10515: 10511: 10509: 10505: 10504: 10501: 10498: 10490: 10483: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10447: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10430: 10426: 10423: 10422: 10421: 10418: 10415: 10411: 10410:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 10408: 10403: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10388: 10384: 10377: 10373: 10359: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10340: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10326:Bal'am/Balaam 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10309:not specified 10305: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10282: 10279: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10265: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10251: 10248: 10247: 10245: 10241: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10204: 10201: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10187: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10172: 10166: 10163: 10158: 10154: 10150: 10147: 10144: 10141: 10137: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10111: 10104: 10101: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10071:Mary's mother 10069: 10066: 10062: 10061: 10059: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10033: 10031: 10030:Father Lamech 10028: 10027: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10007: 10005: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9987: 9983: 9968: 9965: 9962: 9958: 9955: 9952: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9942: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9920: 9917: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9899: 9897: 9893: 9886: 9882: 9879: 9876: 9872: 9869: 9866: 9862: 9859: 9855:(Son of Mary) 9854: 9851: 9848: 9844: 9841: 9840: 9838: 9834: 9831: 9827: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9817: 9816: 9813: 9812: 9810: 9802: 9801: 9796: 9789: 9785: 9782: 9780:son of Jacob) 9779: 9775: 9772: 9767: 9764: 9761: 9757: 9753: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9743: 9740: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9728: 9725: 9722: 9718: 9715: 9712: 9708: 9704: 9702:son of David) 9701: 9697: 9694: 9691: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9679: 9676: 9672: 9669: 9665: 9662: 9661: 9659: 9655: 9652: 9649: 9645: 9642: 9639: 9636: 9633: 9630: 9627: 9623: 9620: 9617: 9614: 9611: 9608: 9605: 9602: 9599: 9595: 9592: 9589: 9585: 9582: 9579: 9575: 9572: 9569: 9565: 9562: 9561: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9547: 9542: 9538: 9524: 9523: 9519: 9517: 9513: 9512: 9508: 9507: 9505: 9501: 9494: 9493: 9489: 9486: 9483:(the (chief) 9482: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9464: 9463: 9458: 9452: 9451: 9447: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9437: 9436: 9432: 9430: 9429: 9425: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9413: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9395: 9391: 9388: 9384: 9380: 9373: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9356: 9352: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9340: 9335: 9329: 9326: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9294: 9293: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9271: 9270: 9265: 9254: 9250: 9249: 9245: 9242: 9238: 9237: 9233: 9230: 9226: 9223: 9220: 9216: 9215:Dābbat al-Arḍ 9213: 9210: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9196: 9189: 9188: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9174: 9171: 9170: 9165: 9163: 9160:(dog) of the 9159: 9155: 9152: 9148: 9147: 9142: 9139: 9135: 9132: 9129: 9125: 9124: 9119: 9116: 9115: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9094: 9091: 9087: 9083: 9074: 9070: 9066: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9049: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9029: 9025: 9021: 9013: 9008: 9006: 9001: 8999: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8970: 8961: 8957: 8954: 8953: 8935: 8934: 8929: 8925: 8922: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8909: 8905: 8899: 8895: 8891: 8886: 8882: 8878: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8860: 8857:. 0500282056. 8856: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8834: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8813: 8807: 8803: 8799: 8794: 8790: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8775: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8746: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8716: 8714: 8705: 8701: 8700: 8695: 8689: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8671: 8665: 8663: 8646: 8642: 8641: 8636: 8630: 8622: 8618: 8617: 8612: 8606: 8598: 8594: 8588: 8581: 8577: 8574: 8569: 8562: 8557: 8549: 8545: 8541: 8535: 8529:– Makkah Gate 8526: 8522: 8516: 8509: 8505: 8502: 8497: 8489: 8482: 8476: 8460: 8456: 8450: 8443: 8437: 8429: 8428: 8420: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8390: 8375: 8369: 8365: 8364: 8356: 8340: 8336: 8330: 8314: 8310: 8306: 8300: 8292: 8286: 8282: 8275: 8267: 8265: 8257: 8241: 8237: 8231: 8225:. moh.gov.sa. 8224: 8220: 8217: 8212: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8192: 8177: 8173: 8167: 8151: 8147: 8140: 8133: 8128: 8112: 8106: 8090: 8083: 8077: 8061: 8057: 8051: 8035: 8029: 8013: 8009: 8002: 7987: 7983: 7977: 7962: 7958: 7952: 7946: 7940: 7938: 7936: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7907: 7903: 7897: 7890: 7886: 7883: 7878: 7876: 7859: 7855: 7849: 7847: 7838: 7834: 7828: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7786: 7782: 7778: 7776: 7768: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7746: 7742: 7735: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7705: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7683: 7679: 7672: 7657: 7653: 7647: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7614: 7610: 7606: 7603: 7598: 7590: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7570: 7554: 7550: 7544: 7528: 7524: 7518: 7503: 7499: 7492: 7485: 7480: 7473: 7469: 7466: 7461: 7459: 7442: 7438: 7432: 7425: 7421: 7416: 7409: 7408: 7403: 7402: 7396: 7389: 7385: 7382: 7377: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7354: 7347: 7343: 7339: 7336: 7330: 7322: 7321: 7315: 7314:"Mecca" 7310: 7304: 7296: 7289: 7273: 7269: 7263: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7230: 7225: 7223: 7215: 7214: 7213:Islamic World 7208: 7202: 7196: 7188: 7178: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7151: 7144: 7142: 7128: 7124: 7117: 7102: 7098: 7092: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7059: 7055: 7051: 7048: 7042: 7035: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7020: 7012: 7010:1-930409-11-7 7006: 7002: 6997: 6996: 6987: 6985: 6983: 6975: 6970: 6968: 6960: 6959: 6958:Islamic World 6953: 6951: 6942: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6923: 6916: 6911: 6905: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6893: 6885: 6884: 6883:Islamic World 6878: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6835: 6826: 6817: 6810: 6809: 6802: 6795: 6794: 6787: 6780: 6779: 6772: 6764: 6758: 6754: 6753: 6748: 6747:Lings, Martin 6742: 6734: 6732:0-0606-3126-0 6728: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6677: 6675:0-87850-125-8 6671: 6667: 6660: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6617: 6609: 6602: 6594: 6588: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6564: 6557: 6551: 6543: 6536: 6528: 6522: 6518: 6511: 6505:, 1987, p.136 6504: 6498: 6490: 6484: 6480: 6473: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6439: 6432: 6424: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6398: 6389: 6382: 6376: 6367: 6359: 6353: 6349: 6342: 6334: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6307:(99): 10–37. 6306: 6302: 6298: 6291: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6265: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6226: 6218: 6210: 6206: 6205: 6200: 6193: 6185: 6179: 6175: 6174: 6166: 6158: 6157: 6149: 6147: 6137: 6131: 6125: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6086: 6084: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6050: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6031: 6029: 6020: 6014: 6010: 6005: 6004: 5995: 5987: 5981: 5977: 5976:Lonely Planet 5973: 5972: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5958: 5949: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5930:Wendy Doniger 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5909: 5901: 5895: 5891: 5887: 5882: 5881: 5872: 5864: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5841: 5833: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5818: 5810: 5802: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5769: 5760: 5754: 5750: 5749: 5741: 5739: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5704: 5698: 5682: 5678: 5677: 5672: 5665: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5618: 5614: 5613: 5608: 5602: 5594: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5578: 5569: 5567: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5542: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5516: 5509: 5508:The Economist 5503: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5478: 5476: 5468: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5432: 5429:9 June 2020. 5428: 5424: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5408: 5393: 5389: 5382: 5374: 5372:0-89381-752-X 5368: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5346: 5340: 5336: 5335: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5315: 5307: 5300: 5296: 5290: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5268: 5262: 5258: 5251: 5235: 5231: 5225: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5195: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5162: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5144: 5138: 5132: 5117: 5113: 5107: 5092:. 15 May 2023 5091: 5090:Dompet Dhuafa 5087: 5081: 5077: 5061: 5053: 5044: 5036: 5031: 5024: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4993: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4928: 4925: 4914: 4907: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4885:together via 4884: 4880: 4876: 4861: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4811: 4805:Rapid transit 4802: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4763: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4645:Saudi Gazette 4641: 4640: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4625: 4622:, an Ottoman 4621: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4576: 4566: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4530: 4523: 4518: 4509: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4441:Dhu al-Qi'dah 4438: 4433: 4431: 4427: 4421: 4411: 4396: 4384: 4372: 4360: 4348: 4336: 4324: 4314: 4310: 4298: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4236:, carpentry, 4235: 4231: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4187: 4172: 4167: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4139: 4136: 4133: 4130: 4127: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066:Mean monthly 4064: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4018: 4013: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3966: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3897: 3896:precipitation 3892: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3465: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3437: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3328: 3319: 3310: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3264: 3259: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3234: 3227: 3226:Jabal al-Nour 3223: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3194:Dhu al-Hijjah 3179: 3174: 3168: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3120: 3116: 3115:Maqam Ibrahim 3112: 3106:Maqam Ibrahim 3103: 3100: 3096: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3077: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3042: 3041: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2985: 2983: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2956: 2951: 2950: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2923: 2919: 2918:Jabal al-Nour 2914: 2909: 2904: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2865: 2860: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2817: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2763:T.E. Lawrence 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2738: 2732:Mecca in 1910 2730: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2651: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2536: 2533: 2529: 2528:Islamic realm 2524: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2454:Jabal al-Nour 2451: 2447: 2443: 2440:Muhammad was 2436: 2435: 2428: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2294:war elephants 2291: 2287: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2085: 2083: 2073: 2068: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2009:Old Testament 2006: 2001: 1999: 1998: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1945: 1941: 1934: 1923: 1916: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1900: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1881: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1737: 1726: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1687: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1666:Old Testament 1663: 1658: 1652: 1651: 1644: 1643: 1633:أُمّ ٱلْقُرَى 1627: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1572: 1563: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1503: 1499: 1497: 1489: 1481: 1475: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1438: 1432: 1427: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1384:Abraj Al Bait 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1316: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1292: 1287: 1286: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1214:; officially 1211: 1187: 1176: 1171: 1169: 1164: 1162: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1135: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1119: 1118:Military laws 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 992: 989: 988: 987: 984: 982: 979: 977: 976:Proselytizing 974: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 895: 892: 890: 887: 886: 885: 884:Denominations 882: 878: 875: 874: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 834: 831: 827: 822: 821: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 790: 787: 786: 782: 780: 779: 775: 773: 772: 768: 767: 764: 761: 759: 756: 755: 752: 747: 746: 739: 737: 733: 731: 729: 725: 724: 720: 717: 715: 713: 709: 707: 705: 701: 699: 697: 693: 692: 688: 687: 682: 681: 676: 675: 671: 669: 668: 664: 663: 657: 654: 652: 649: 648: 644: 643: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 622: 619: 616: 614: 611: 610: 607: 602: 601: 594: 591: 590: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 575: 572: 570: 567: 566: 563: 559: 556: 555: 552: 547: 546: 542: 538: 537: 534: 531: 530: 526: 522: 521: 513: 505: 501: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 480: 478: 474: 458: 454: 452: 448: 444: 442: 439: • 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 379: 376: 373: 369: 366: 363: 359: 354: 350: 346: 342: 339: 335: 326: 322: 319: 316: 314: 310: 307: 304: 302: 298: 295: 284: 280: 275: 247:Coordinates: 245: 223: 214: 205: 200: 191: 185: 177: 176:Jabal al-Nour 171: 161: 155: 147: 141: 131: 127: 121: 111: 98: 93: 86: 69: 57: 56: 43: 37: 33: 19: 16260:Prostitution 16233:universities 16206:Demographics 16101:Oil reserves 15946:Human rights 15888:Crown Prince 15808:Governorates 15692:Saudi Arabia 15580:Nughayshiyah 15564: 15480:Harat al Bab 15345:Ash Shumaysi 15315:Ash Shara'i` 15310:Ash Shamiyah 15180:Al Yamaniyah 15100:Al Mundassah 15070:Al Mashayikh 14828: 14825: 14695:Al Qunfudhah 14592: 14419:Islamophobia 14284:Christianity 14232: 14165:Contemporary 14059:Architecture 13998: 13964: 13952: 13940: 13898: 13891: 13857: 13839: 13834:Nikah mut'ah 13832: 13825: 13818: 13811: 13804: 13797: 13761: 13749: 13742: 13735: 13728: 13708: 13701: 13694: 13687: 13600: 13323: 13247: 13229: 13222: 13166: 13159: 13152: 13145: 13138: 13131:Five Pillars 13108: 13074: 13063:God in Islam 13040: 12834:Mount Arafat 12805:Cave of Hira 12800:Jabal al-Nur 12734:Saudi Arabia 12672: 12623: 12607: 12599: 12593: 12587: 12552: 12542: 12530: 12520: 12494:In Paradise 12484: 12474: 12464: 12454: 12448: 12438: 12422: 12419:(Plant stem) 12416: 12410: 12404: 12398: 12393:Plant matter 12380: 12374: 12366: 12360: 12354: 12348: 12257: 12228: 12224: 12192: 12156:Umm al-Kitāb 12154: 12141: 12128:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 12126: 12113: 12105: 12096: 12083: 12040: 12036:Ghadir Khumm 12020:('The Dawn') 12014: 12008: 11995: 11989: 11980: 11971: 11965: 11962:('The Noon') 11956: 11945: 11939: 11931: 11925: 11919: 11913: 11905: 11899: 11893: 11887: 11881: 11871: 11850: 11841: 11791:Days of Hajj 11779: 11776:(The Friday) 11770: 11722: 11680: 11667: 11635:Paradise of 11622:Jordan River 11617:Dār an-Nadwa 11616: 11598: 11560: 11555:Cave of Hira 11547: 11542: 11532: 11479:Masjid Qubāʾ 11478: 11460: 11450: 11442: 11428: 11416: 11408: 11382:Qaryat Yūnus 11381: 11371: 11361: 11321: 11311: 11297: 11288:Sinai Region 11270:Dam of Sheba 11265: 11253: 11238: 11228: 11219: 11208: 11204: 11186: 11164: 11152: 11144: 11114: 11109: 11099: 11082: 11069: 11056: 10974: 10952: 10943:Ahl al-Kitāb 10942: 10920: 10916:Zoroastrians 10912: 10907:disbelievers 10900: 10893: 10851:Banu Qurayza 10846:Banu Qaynuqa 10835:Ahl as-Suffa 10834: 10748: 10731: 10703: 10672: 10655: 10640:Sons of Adam 10622: 10595: 10571: 10563: 10554: 10528: 10522:Banī Isrāʾīl 10520: 10513: 10478: 10441: 10424: 10409: 10396: 10341:Luqman's son 10188: 10152: 10145: 10135: 10039:Luqman's son 10010:Martyred son 9902:Dhūl-Qarnain 9852: 9842: 9806:Perseverance 9798: 9776:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 9766:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 9765: 9754:('He of the 9751: 9664:Dhabih Ullah 9520: 9515: 9509: 9490: 9478: 9460: 9448: 9440: 9433: 9426: 9415: 9394:Malakul-Mawt 9392: 9367: 9361: 9353: 9338: 9309: 9290: 9267: 9246: 9234: 9224: 9214: 9204: 9185: 9176: 9167: 9157: 9153:) of Solomon 9144: 9133: 9121: 9112: 9103: 9072: 8959: 8938:. 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Retrieved 5089: 5080: 5060: 5030: 4987: 4945: 4938:Islam portal 4877:, named the 4872: 4849: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4831: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4768: 4750: 4736: 4718:World War II 4714: 4701:Al-Ekhbariya 4674: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4617: 4601: 4589: 4578: 4552: 4533: 4526: 4496: 4458: 4434: 4429: 4426:Great Mosque 4423: 4414:Demographics 4409: 4282: 4266: 4252: 4250: 4227: 4204:flag carrier 4192: 3898:mm (inches) 3477: 3467: 3445: 3438: 3413:ʿAyn Zubayda 3394:Mount Arafat 3336: 3316: 3304: 3290: 3287: 3275:Nafud desert 3271:Hejaz region 3268: 3240: 3231: 3217:Jabal an-Nur 3211:Mount Arafat 3198: 3192: 3189: 3151: 3148: 3131: 3126: 3123: 3092: 3074: 3060: 3038: 3032: 3028: 3026: 3010: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2958: 2948: 2947: 2927: 2901: 2900: 2879: 2869: 2868: 2861: 2818: 2799: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2759:Siege of Kut 2740: 2736: 2735: 2706: 2684: 2678: 2668: 2653: 2652: 2643: 2637: 2584:Second Fitna 2557: 2542: 2532:Muslim world 2520: 2516:Five Pillars 2509: 2478: 2473: 2439: 2432: 2336: 2332: 2331: 2311: 2284: 2242: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2203:local tribes 2200: 2185: 2141:Persian Gulf 2125:trade routes 2091: 2071: 2069: 2062:عَبْد مَكَّة 2055: 2045: 2041: 2040: 2020: 2002: 1995: 1975:Noahic Flood 1952: 1904: 1903: 1896: 1878: 1870: 1844: 1818: 1810: 1803: 1780: 1774: 1770: 1741: 1739:illiterate. 1732: 1714: 1708: 1701:paleontology 1698: 1622: 1609:Arabia Felix 1602: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1542: 1537: 1491: 1459: 1422: 1411: 1365: 1315:Jabal al-Nur 1295: 1232:Saudi Arabia 1219: 1215: 1185: 1184: 1093:Islamophobia 872:Demographics 867:Circumcision 783: 776: 769: 735: 727: 711: 703: 695: 684: 678: 672: 665: 294:Saudi Arabia 160:Mount Arafat 36: 16495:Holy cities 16300:Visual arts 16240:Health care 16076:Agriculture 16020:Air Defense 15983:Visa policy 15803:Earthquakes 15752:Unification 15620:Shi`b `amir 15570:Murshidiyah 15330:Ash Shishah 15305:Ash Shajwah 15250:As Sabahani 15240:Ar Rudaymah 15170:Al Ukhaydir 15165:Al Qu`tubah 15105:Al Muqayti` 15095:Al Mulayha' 15065:Al Masfalah 15060:Al Masarrah 15025:Al Khulasah 14995:Al Ju`ranah 14920:Al Fawwarah 14915:Al Buraykah 14850:Abu Shu`ayb 14772:cdsi.gov.sa 14690:Al Majma'ah 14673:<300,000 14289:Catholicism 14184:Other areas 14175:Theological 14170:Eschatology 14127:Mathematics 14064:Calligraphy 13994:Theological 13948:Inheritance 13865:Cleanliness 13237:Shi'a Imams 13231:Ahl al-Bayt 12897:Mecca Metro 12876:Al-Wehda FC 12812:Jabal Thawr 12788:Zamzam Well 12776:Black Stone 12469:Pomegranate 12369:(The Earth) 12262:golden calf 11835:Pilgrimages 11568:Hudaybiyyah 11483:Quba Mosque 11437:Prostration 11388:,' that is 11349:Mesopotamia 11338:Mount Tabor 11334:Mount Sinai 11316:Mount Sinai 11266:ʿArim Sabaʾ 11004:Polytheists 10754:Household') 10749:Ahl al-Bayt 10706:(People of 10704:Qawm Tubbaʿ 10650:Wife of Lut 10645:Wife of Nuh 10496:or families 10494:ethnicities 10215:Moses' wife 9698:ibn Dāwūd ( 9480:ash-Shayṭān 9372:Holy Spirit 9198:Non-related 8940:19 February 8890:Ibn Khaldun 8181:26 December 7864:15 February 7791:9 September 7724:9 September 7216:, pp. 17–18 6976:, pp. 16–17 6558:; 1987; p.7 6540:Procopius. 6462:16 November 6324:10023/25835 5437:8 September 5240:29 February 5234:Euromonitor 4846:Mecca Metro 4840:Mecca Metro 4634:Umm al-Qurā 4559:Al Wahda FC 4502:expatriates 4492:Afghanistan 4453:South Asian 4445:ethnicities 4253:Al Akashiya 4113:Mean daily 3378:ʿAyn Ḥunayn 3355:gold dinars 3343:Zamzam Well 3237:Hira'a Cave 3089:Black Stone 3045:Zamzam Well 2966:were killed 2895:Safa-Marwah 2743:World War I 2640:Ibn Battuta 2625:Black Death 2617:Muslim sect 2608:millenarian 2458:revelations 2446:Banu Hashim 2414: / 2356:Abyssinians 2192:Zamzam Well 2121:spice trade 2056:ʿAbd Mekkat 1834:, from the 1626:Umm al-Qurā 1619:Other names 1566:مكة المكرمة 1285:Dhūl-Ḥijjah 771:Ahl al-Bayt 656:Foundations 324:Established 313:Governorate 269: / 104:مكة المكرمة 16464:Categories 16325:television 16196:Censorship 16118:Irrigation 15440:Dughaybjah 15380:Az Zughbah 15325:Ash Shaybi 15295:As Suwadah 15280:As Sifyani 15145:Al Qirshan 15130:Al Qararah 15125:Al Qadimah 15085:Al Mubarak 15080:Al Ma`rash 15075:Al Mathnah 15015:Al Khaydar 15010:Al Khamrah 14980:Al Jami`ah 14975:Al Jadidah 14965:Al Hawiyah 14955:Al Hamimah 14950:Al Halaqah 14935:Al Gharith 14905:Al Barabir 14855:Abu `Urwah 14845:Abu Qirfah 14840:Abu Hisani 14750:Ras Tanura 14349:Ex-Muslims 14234:Shu'ubiyya 14228:Psychology 14216:Literature 14206:Inventions 14152:Philosophy 13960:Leadership 13936:Honorifics 13591:Philosophy 13398:Isma'ilism 13359:Maturidism 13242:Caliphates 13213:Golden Age 13104:Revelation 12911:Pilgrimage 12829:Muzdalifah 12754:and places 12363:(Planets) 12357:(The Moon) 12308:Of Quraysh 12183:Noah's Ark 12076:Holy books 11920:Al-Ghuduww 11914:Al-ʿAshiyy 11878:Invocation 11870:Times for 11721:Battle of 11712:Battles or 11304:(The Holy 11170:(formerly 11117:(Mainland 10927:Hypocrites 10874:People of 10841:Banu Nadir 10821:Implicitly 10663:Son of Nuh 10621:People of 10555:Ahl Madyan 10530:Muʾtafikāt 10450:Al-Raqaim? 10425:Ḥawāriyyūn 10307:Implied or 10252:(possibly 10182:Egyptians 10174:People of 10132:Egyptians 9953:(Jeremiah) 9853:Ibn Maryam 9606:(Ezekiel?) 9445:(Asmodeus) 9339:Muqarrabun 9075:(Generous) 9045:Non-humans 9033:Characters 8866:. Leiden: 8845:ETH Zurich 8843:. Zurich: 8824:See also: 8544:Al Arabiya 8319:23 October 8176:ArgaamPlus 8117:1 November 8095:25 January 8066:29 October 7991:11 October 7966:11 October 7696:1152068721 7559:18 January 7533:18 January 7507:17 January 7101:aliftaa.jo 6501:Crane, P. 6207:. London. 5888:. p. 5492:. London. 5453:companions 5204:Salamislam 5184:3 February 5121:3 February 5072:References 4824:Muzdalifah 4771:Highway 40 4671:Television 4651:Al Madinah 4596:Haram area 4592:Mecca Gate 4573:See also: 4504:outnumber 4477:Guru Nanak 4418:See also: 4238:upholstery 4169:Source 2: 4160:Source 1: 3970:(≥ 1.0 mm) 3313:Topography 3207:Muzdalifah 2945:pilgrims. 2874:See also: 2864:haram area 2689:of Egypt, 2604:Qarmatians 2420: ( 2401:39°49′48″E 2398:21°25′30″N 2352:Banu Tamim 2280:defecating 2243:al-Qullays 2163:, and the 2161:Ghassanids 1871:Historian 1858:Himyarites 1854:Ghassanids 1817:adjective 1791:Leuke Kome 1747:and other 1695:Prehistory 1670:Genesis 21 1275:pilgrimage 961:Philosophy 698:(exegesis) 635:Pilgrimage 625:Almsgiving 410:Population 356:Government 337:Founded by 257:39°49′24″E 254:21°25′21″N 16265:Terrorism 16228:libraries 16223:Education 16158:Transport 16081:Companies 16015:Air Force 15968:Judiciary 15936:Elections 15926:Basic Law 15818:Provinces 15813:Mountains 15776:Geography 15615:Shira`ayn 15390:Az Zuwayb 15385:Az Zurra` 15370:Az Zaymah 15360:At Tarfa' 15355:At Tan`im 15335:Ash Shi`b 15300:Ash Shafa 15155:Al Qufayf 15135:Al Qaryat 15120:Al Muwayh 15055:Al Maqrah 15050:Al Mahjar 15045:Al Maghal 15030:Al Kidwah 15005:Al Khalas 14960:Al Harra' 14940:Al Ghulah 14925:Al Faydah 14895:Al Ashraf 14860:Ad Dabbah 14466:Symbolism 14424:Incidents 14402:Criticism 14294:Mormonism 14191:Astrology 14117:Cosmology 14112:Astronomy 14054:Arabesque 13921:Etiquette 13880:Blasphemy 13670:Economics 13485:Ahmadiyya 13427:Muhakkima 13374:Wahhabism 13364:Mu'tazili 13349:Ash'arism 12885:Transport 12853:Education 12752:Landmarks 12557:Date palm 12547:Palm tree 12535:Lote-tree 12511:or plants 12455:Qith-thāʾ 12383:(The Sun) 12381:Ash-Shams 12342:Celestial 12235:False god 12171:or beings 12169:of people 12151:of David) 12093:of Jesus) 11926:Al-Bukrah 11689:in Sheba) 11467:of Mecca) 11424:Monastery 11402:locations 11400:Religious 11357:Al-Jūdiyy 11050:Mentioned 11044:Locations 10957:Christian 10937:Believers 10922:Munāfiqūn 10885:Religious 10823:mentioned 10736:Stoneland 10612:Muhajirun 10390:Mentioned 10292:Abū Lahab 10287:As-Sāmirī 10277:(Goliath) 10243:Evil ones 10157:Zulaykhah 10113:People of 10000:Good ones 9800:Ulul-ʿAzm 9788:Zechariah 9784:Zakariyyā 9604:Dhūl-Kifl 9557:Mentioned 9403:(Michael) 9292:Zabāniyah 9269:Malāʾikah 9241:Honey bee 8928:"Quraysh" 8725:Arab News 7759:857109543 7297:. Cosimo. 7024:"Abraha." 6869:162654756 6651:154910558 6333:247974816 6301:Der Islam 6282:978697983 6242:0028-0836 6116:1068-1051 5727:1 January 5445:Wahhābism 5423:Edinburgh 5001:romanized 4869:Intercity 4693:Saudi TV2 4689:Saudi TV1 4677:Abdulaziz 4494:in 1853. 4485:Qadiriyya 4475:in 1503. 4461:Saudi law 3407:romanized 3402:عين زبيدة 3372:romanized 3361:from the 3301:Elevation 3277:from the 3253:Geography 3203:Mina/Muna 3095:meteorite 2718:outbreaks 2642:. In his 2502:Islamized 2498:Banu Bakr 2480:Muhajirun 2462:archangel 2235:cathedral 2231:Ibn Ishaq 2181:Khosrau I 2149:Euphrates 2028:midrashic 2025:Samaritan 1846:Procopius 1753:Abyssinia 1715:Saadanius 1710:Saadanius 1591:The word 1462:etymology 1456:Etymology 1311:atop the 1309:Hira cave 1281:month of 1081:terrorism 1033:Criticism 986:Sexuality 956:Mysticism 926:Festivals 906:Education 901:Economics 837:Academics 793:Caliphate 606:Practices 494:Area code 477:Time zone 418:2,385,509 402:Elevation 16444:Category 16371:Heritage 16359:football 16342:Religion 16315:Language 16255:Polygamy 16191:Abortion 15997:Military 15978:Passport 15842:Politics 15828:Wildlife 15696:articles 15630:Sumaymah 15595:Quwayzah 15540:Mashajji 15525:Madrakah 15505:Julayyil 15430:Burayman 15425:Buraykah 15375:Az Zilal 15365:At Turqi 15230:Ar Rihab 15215:Ar Rafah 15195:Al`Awali 15035:Al Kura` 15020:Al Khayf 14990:Al Jumum 14910:Al Bi'ar 14900:Al Balad 14826:Capital: 14770:Source: 14680:Al Bahah 14629:Buraidah 14624:Al-Kharj 14504:Category 14397:Islamism 14380:Muhammad 14336:Apostasy 14311:Hinduism 14201:Feminism 14132:Medicine 13972:Military 13926:Gambling 13875:Apostasy 13870:Criminal 13782:Marriage 13751:Tayammum 13703:Murabaha 13576:Madrasas 13566:Holidays 13556:Clothing 13551:Children 13546:Calendar 13497:Quranism 13431:Khawarij 13403:Alawites 13354:Atharism 13248:Rashidun 13087:In Islam 13082:Muhammad 12949:Category 12689:Timeline 12545:(Tender 12525:Tamarisk 12459:Cucumber 12377:(Stars) 12355:Al-Qamar 12320:Al-ʿUzzā 12167:Objects 11981:Qabl al- 11932:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ 11795:Doomsday 11723:al-Aḥzāb 11413:(Church) 11146:Al-Aḥqāf 11084:Jahannam 11077:Paradise 10684:Bedouins 10479:Qawm Lūṭ 10321:Abu Bakr 10151:Wife of 10140:Potiphar 10123:Binyāmin 9843:Al-Masīḥ 9815:Muḥammad 9752:Dhūn-Nūn 9696:Sulaymān 9634:(Elijah) 9546:Prophets 9462:Shayāṭīn 9420:(Genies) 9248:Qaswarah 9229:Wild ass 9207:(Female 9205:ʿAnkabūt 9128:elephant 8892:(1967). 8881:ABC-CLIO 8835:(2000). 8761:Archived 8735:14 April 8704:Archived 8680:Archived 8576:Archived 8548:Archived 8504:Archived 8459:Archived 8345:27 April 8313:Archived 8240:Archived 8219:Archived 8201:Archived 8040:2 August 8018:24 March 7885:Archived 7837:Archived 7661:23 March 7630:Archived 7628:. NDTV. 7605:Archived 7577:(2006). 7553:Archived 7527:Archived 7468:Archived 7447:3 August 7384:Archived 7338:Archived 7246:Archived 7133:15 March 7050:Archived 7027:Archived 6749:(1983). 6702:22:25-37 6643:40378894 6209:Archived 5822:Springer 5721:Archived 5687:20 April 5609:(2011). 5524:Archived 5494:Archived 5457:Muhammad 5443:Because 5431:Archived 5361:(2005). 5208:Archived 4910:See also 4663:Al Bilad 4639:Al Nadwa 4629:Al Qibla 4555:Football 4224:in Mecca 4108:3,400.5 4015:Average 3894:Average 3679:(101.3) 3664:(104.7) 3659:(109.2) 3654:(109.2) 3649:(109.8) 3644:(111.0) 3639:(108.3) 3634:(102.2) 3609:(125.2) 3604:(102.9) 3599:(106.2) 3594:(116.6) 3589:(121.6) 3584:(122.0) 3579:(123.8) 3574:(125.2) 3569:(120.9) 3564:(112.5) 3559:(108.3) 3554:(104.0) 3549:(102.2) 3441:cisterns 3367:عين حنين 3359:aqueduct 3291:al-Haram 2962:stampede 2935:Abu Bakr 2931:Khadijah 2751:Istanbul 2628:pandemic 2614:Isma'ili 2572:Damascus 2368:Muhammad 2348:Bedouins 2315:smallpox 2259:Muhammad 2241:, named 2198:routes. 2157:Lakhmids 2143:via the 2117:Muhammad 2048:Thamudic 2032:Nebaioth 2013:Psalm 84 2011:chapter 1856:and the 1713:fossil. 1505:Al Imran 1380:Ibn Saud 1351:. It is 1305:Muhammad 1234:and the 1127:Glossary 1103:Jihadism 1076:Violence 1071:Islamism 1042:Muhammad 1028:Apostasy 971:Politics 921:Feminism 916:Exorcism 877:Diaspora 862:Children 857:Calendar 785:Rashidun 763:Muhammad 758:Timeline 719:Mathnawi 581:Prophets 525:a series 523:Part of 301:Province 75:أم القرى 16515:Red Sea 16428:Outline 16381:Symbols 16366:Theatre 16310:Cuisine 16287:Culture 16250:Obesity 16179:Society 16153:Tourism 16064:Economy 15863:Cabinet 15798:Climate 15788:Borders 15704:History 15645:Turubah 15640:Tharwah 15605:Sabuhah 15600:Raqiyah 15575:Mushrif 15555:Matiyah 15535:Malakan 15515:Khumrah 15510:Khulays 15475:Halamah 15410:Baranah 15255:As Sadr 15200:An Naqa 15190:Al Ābār 15175:Al Waht 15150:Al Qirw 15110:Al Muqr 14985:Al Jid` 14945:Al Hada 14930:Al Fazz 14885:Ad Dirs 14870:Ad Dawh 14865:Ad Daff 14755:Unaizah 14735:Sakakah 14725:Diriyah 14720:Dhahran 14685:Al Lith 14451:Nursing 14412:Qutbism 14326:Sikhism 14321:Judaism 14316:Jainism 14306:Druzism 14142:Physics 14089:Pottery 14074:Gardens 14069:Carpets 13984:Slavery 13906:Divorce 13893:Dhabiĥa 13721:Hygiene 13696:Takaful 13678:Banking 13608:Science 13602:Qurbani 13571:Mosques 13531:Animals 13520:Culture 13454:Nukkari 13449:Azzabas 13436:Azariqa 13420:Zaydism 13408:Alevism 13284:Ottoman 13274:Almohad 13269:Fatimid 13264:Córdoba 13259:Abbasid 13254:Umayyad 13187:Leaders 13182:History 13140:Shahada 13055:Beliefs 12959:Commons 12694:Quraysh 12681:History 12610:(Drink) 12596:(River) 12581:Liquids 12413:(Shoot) 12401:(Onion) 12361:Kawākib 12349:Maṣābīḥ 12294:Yaghūth 12030:Implied 11990:Al-Aṣīl 11940:Al-Layl 11824:Ramaḍān 11773:Jumuʿah 11637:Shaddad 11529:Arabia 11523:Antakya 11518:Antioch 11511:Implied 11455:Al-Aqsa 11390:Nineveh 11376:Babylon 11221:Ḥaraman 11191:(Hegra) 11188:Al-Ḥijr 11178:ʿArafāt 11172:Yathrib 11167:Madīnah 10997:Sabians 10933:Muslims 10902:Kāfirūn 10870:Khazraj 10721:Quraysh 10492:Tribes, 10414:Sabbath 10358:Shaddad 10331:Barṣīṣā 10264:Pharaoh 10260:Firʿawn 9957:Ṣamūʾīl 9944:Implied 9875:Abraham 9847:Messiah 9700:Solomon 9686:Shuʿayb 9658:Ishmael 9654:Ismāʿīl 9618:(Eber?) 9612:(Aaron) 9574:Al-Yasa 9511:Ghilmān 9387:Raphael 9383:Isrāfīl 9146:hud-hud 9096:Related 9089:Animals 8651:25 June 8561:"Roads" 8465:6 April 8409:6 April 8246:6 April 7986:GE News 7912:6 April 7817:29 June 7424:Encarta 7420:"Mecca" 7278:6 April 7252:6 April 7242:"Mecca" 7231:, p. 32 7229:Lapidus 7201:105:1-5 7156:Marr JS 7141:Najashi 6974:Lapidus 6961:, p. 13 6917:, p. 14 6915:Lapidus 6886:, p. 20 6715:"Kaaba" 6542:History 5932:(ed.). 5654:28 July 5397:19 June 5096:30 July 5015: 5003:: 4535:Al Baik 4512:Culture 4473:Bologna 4465:Ahmadis 4403:‎ 4391:‎ 4379:‎ 4367:‎ 4355:‎ 4343:‎ 4331:‎ 4320:‎ 4305:‎ 4293:‎ 4181:Economy 3963:(4.12) 3958:(0.97) 3953:(0.91) 3948:(0.56) 3943:(0.25) 3938:(0.23) 3933:(0.06) 3923:(0.10) 3918:(0.33) 3913:(0.20) 3908:(0.10) 3903:(0.81) 3889:(50.0) 3884:(54.3) 3879:(61.5) 3874:(64.4) 3869:(71.6) 3864:(74.1) 3859:(74.1) 3854:(71.6) 3849:(68.5) 3844:(60.1) 3839:(55.4) 3834:(50.0) 3829:(51.8) 3819:(77.5) 3814:(69.3) 3809:(74.1) 3804:(79.7) 3799:(84.6) 3794:(86.2) 3789:(85.6) 3784:(84.7) 3779:(82.6) 3774:(77.2) 3769:(71.2) 3764:(67.8) 3759:(66.6) 3749:(88.2) 3744:(78.6) 3739:(83.7) 3734:(90.5) 3729:(95.4) 3724:(96.6) 3719:(97.2) 3714:(97.2) 3709:(94.3) 3704:(88.3) 3699:(82.0) 3694:(77.7) 3689:(75.7) 3674:(90.5) 3669:(96.1) 3629:(95.7) 3624:(90.7) 3619:(87.6) 3458:Climate 3431:sultan 3429:Ottoman 3425:Zubayda 3421: 3409:: 3396:called 3386: 3374:: 3347:Zubayda 3295:Ibrahim 3279:Red Sea 3243:Gabriel 2753:in the 2715:cholera 2695:in 1813 2680:Khedive 2619:led by 2594:CE and 2580:Baghdad 2465:Jibreel 2450:Quraysh 2333:Economy 2298:Khuza'a 2282:in it. 2276:Quraysh 2271:Hudhayl 2263:Tihamah 2223:Islamic 2196:caravan 2173:Palmyra 2133:Red Sea 2109:Quraish 2064:‎ 2036:Ishmael 2019:In the 2007:in the 1979:Ibrāhīm 1971:Ishmael 1963:Abraham 1940:Ottoman 1938:A 1787 1862:Quraysh 1815:Aramaic 1811:Makkah" 1807:Ptolemy 1757:Madinah 1705:primate 1690:History 1650:Tihāmah 1642:ahadith 1635:‎ 1607:Felix' 1586:Al-Fath 1573: 1513:Ibrahim 1349:Ishmael 1345:Abraham 1244:Red Sea 1242:on the 1226:in the 998:Slavery 981:Science 936:Madrasa 931:Finance 842:Animals 830:society 826:Culture 798:Imamate 778:Sahabah 751:History 721:(Poems) 706:(creed) 630:Fasting 558:Oneness 551:Beliefs 503:Website 498:+966-12 467:‎ 451:Demonym 345:Ismāʿīl 341:Ibrāhīm 282:Country 52:‎ 16449:Portal 16399:Emblem 16389:Anthem 16305:Cinema 16096:Energy 15694: 15635:Suways 15625:Sulaym 15560:Ma`shi 15550:Maskar 15530:Mafruq 15520:Kulakh 15500:Jeddah 15495:Husnah 15465:Hadhah 15455:Hadda' 15435:Dabyah 15415:Barzah 15405:Bahwil 15395:Bahrah 14890:Ad Dur 14745:Khafji 14705:Abqaiq 14654:Najran 14649:Khobar 14644:Jubail 14603:Riyadh 14598:Medina 14583:Jeddah 14573:Dammam 14263: 14221:poetry 14031: 13916:Ethics 13900:Dhimmi 13859:Baligh 13820:Mahram 13777:Family 13757:Toilet 13737:Miswak 13490:Lahori 13473:Najdat 13369:Salafi 13319:Seerah 13314:Tafsir 13309:Hadith 13279:Sokoto 13224:Sahaba 13099:Angels 13076:Tawhid 13033:topics 12989:Voyage 12979:Quotes 12869:Sports 12608:Sharāb 12568:Zaqqūm 12485:Zaytūn 12465:Rummān 12451:(Herb) 12443:Lentil 12432:Fruits 12425:(Seed) 12367:Al-Arḍ 12344:bodies 12315:Al-Lāt 12230:Ṭāghūt 12221:'Ansāb 12149:Psalms 12116:Tawrāt 12099:Qurʾān 12091:Gospel 11983:Ghurūb 11948:ʿIshāʾ 11907:Tasbīḥ 11901:Takbīr 11895:Taḥmīd 11687:Ma'rib 11607:Canaan 11594:'Ariha 11592:& 11433:Mosque 11429:Masjid 11418:Miḥrāb 11229:Kaʿbah 11223:Āminan 11215:Bakkah 11205:Makkah 11200:Ḥunayn 11132:In the 11104:Midian 11100:Madyan 11072:Jannah 10953:Naṣārā 10887:groups 10830:Amalek 10726:Thamūd 10514:Ar-Rūm 10474:Medina 10380:Groups 10350:Nimrod 10316:Abraha 10230:Sister 10225:Mother 10165:Mother 10127:Simeon 10115:Joseph 10096:Vizier 10086:Mother 9961:Samuel 9951:Irmiyā 9930:Gideon 9912:Maryam 9907:Luqmān 9824:Other 9778:Joseph 9727:Yaʿqūb 9638:ʿImrān 9578:Elisha 9516:Wildān 9503:Others 9467:Demons 9435:ʿIfrīt 9401:Mīkāil 9370:('The 9355:Ar-Rūḥ 9348:Jibrīl 9274:Angels 9209:spider 9169:namlah 9151:hoopoe 9105:baqara 9057:('The 8950:Online 8900: 8851: 8808: 8785: 8379:5 June 8370: 8287: 8132:Mecca. 7757: 7747: 7694: 7684: 7585: 7199:Quran 7106:7 July 7081:7 July 7007: 6937: 6867: 6861:616125 6859: 6759: 6729: 6700:Quran 6688:Quran 6672: 6649: 6641: 6589: 6523: 6485: 6419: 6354: 6331: 6280: 6270: 6240: 6225:Nature 6180: 6128:Quran 6114: 6072:13 May 6045: 6015: 5982: 5944: 5896: 5859: 5828: 5797: 5774:Quran 5755: 5623: 5589: 5465:Medina 5369: 5341: 5321: 5291: 5263: 5214:31 May 5157: 5135:Quran 5043:Makkah 5039:مَكَّة 5035:Arabic 4992:Arabic 4950:, the 4899:Rabigh 4887:Jeddah 4883:Medina 4820:Arafat 4791:Jordan 4783:Dammam 4779:Riyadh 4775:Jeddah 4743:Jeddah 4685:Riyadh 4549:Sports 4543:Jeddah 4539:Medina 4506:Saudis 4313:Arabic 4270:public 4208:Saudia 4105:248.0 4102:264.0 4099:300.7 4096:282.0 4093:297.6 4090:313.1 4087:321.0 4084:303.8 4081:282.0 4078:282.1 4075:245.8 4072:260.4 3928:(0.0) 3500:Month 3474:Köppen 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