484:
contradiction of
Herodotus' data. Herodotus attributes 53 years of reign to Deioces, and 22 years to Phraortes. George Rawlinson proposed, instead, that Phraortes ruled for 53 years, and Deioces for 22 years. With this change, Phraortes' reign can be dated to between 678 and 625 BC. This way, according to Rawlinson, the sum of the reigns of the three kings (53+40+35) after Deioces would then be the 128 years that Herodotus mentioned. In this account, Phraortes was the one who ended Assyrian rule and, as Herodotus claims, attacked the Persian tribes and began to subjugate many other peoples in Asia. Therefore, the starting point of the 128-year period of Median supremacy is likely to have been the accession of Kashtariti/Phraortes, who began ruling a few years before the successful revolt against the
25:
488:, and reigned for 53 years. In this account, Deioces, Phraortes' father, was likely a tribal leader who began to consolidate power among the other Median tribes. It is possible that he was just the eponymous founder of the Median royal house. According to Diakonoff, Herodotus may have oversimplified the chronology, and transferred to Deioces the activities of several generations of Median chiefs, thus attributing to him the founding of the fear realm. Cyaxares, in coalition with
681:
712:. According to Berossus, Nebuchadnezzar married Amytis, daughter of Astyages. It is impossible for Amytis to be the daughter of Astyages, for he was still too young during Nabopolassar's reign to have children, and not yet king; it seems more likely that Amytis was the daughter of Cyaxares and therefore the sister of Astyages. Astyages would have married Aryenis, but it is uncertain whether he was the father of any sons or daughters. Herodotus and
479:
Thus, according to
Grantovski, the Median dynasty existed for a total of about 120 years. Deioces ended Assyrian rule and founded the Median dynasty. Phraortes subjugated the Persians. Cyaxares began to conquer Upper Asia when the Assyrians were defeated in 612 BC, and their empire lasted until 550
258:
The existence of
Cyaxares and Astyages is not controversial, as they are mentioned in other contemporaneous sources. However, Deioces and Phraortes, the first two kings, are not mentioned in contemporary sources. Scholars have tried to identify them with other named individuals from the same region
716:
claim that he had a daughter named
Mandane, who would have married Cambyses I and would have been the mother of Cyrus the Great. Ctesias denied the veracity of this statement and stated that Astyages had a daughter named Amytis, who married Spitamas and after his death she would have married Cyrus
483:
Another account, also by
Herodotus, states that Medes ruled northern Asia for 128 years. If this number is correct, then the beginning of the Median dynasty should be dated to the year 678 BC, which was a few years before the revolt against the Assyrians. It is possible to reconcile the seeming
480:
BC. As for
Scythian domination over the Medes and other countries, Herodotus' declaration has a legendary and unreliable character, as it cannot be reconciled with the real history of Medes in the 7th century BC, and with the history of all the rest of the ancient Near East.
390:
argued that cuneiform sources could help solve this chronological problem, since they date the Median revolt against
Assyria to 672 BC, and the end of the Median dynasty to 550 BC. He offered a chronology in which Scythian rule overlaps with the rule of Phraortes:
274:
Based on
Herodotus' assertion that Scythian rule over the Medes lasted about 28 years, scholars advanced the start of the Median chronology to the year 728 BC. This allowed them to identify Phraortes, the second Median king, with
69:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
492:, conquered the Neo-Assyrian Empire and established Median rule over the parts of Asia that are east of the river Halys. Under this hypothesis, the chronology of the Median kings can be presented as follows:
287:
in 522 BC, claiming to be XšaØrita "of the family of
Cyaxares". If the beginning of Deioces' reign is moved to 728 BC, the absolute chronology of the dynasty can be presented as follows:
168:
Using the chronology proposed by
Herodotus, a putative timeline of the reign of Median kings can be constructed. (Note that Scythian rule has no specified dates in this chronology.)
263:, there are several mentions of a Mannean chieftain named Daiaukku, who may be identified with Deioces. These same texts mention that Daiaukku, as the governor of the province of
386:, the 28 years of Scythian rule had in fact been counted as part of the reign of Cyaxares, making it impossible for Phraortes to have been the Kashtariti from Assyrian sources.
79:
55:
2057:
1994:
271:
against the Mannean ruler. He was captured by Sargon and, in 715 BC, exiled along with his family to Syria, the apparent location of his eventual death.
387:
89:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
255:
Herodotus' numbers are suspect: the first two kings together ruled 75 years, as did the last two, making the total reign of the dynasty 150 years.
160:, the first of the four kings who would rule the Median Empire, a mighty empire that included large parts of Iran and eastern Anatolia.
74:
2180:
110:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
97:
283:
statement of a fear called Fravartis (or Phraortes in the Greek transcription), who revolted against the Persian king
2062:
Brill’s New Pauly Supplements I - Volume 1 : Chronologies of the Ancient World - Names, Dates and Dynasties
1989:
1991:
1990:
105:
1992:
2175:
279:, the leader of the Median revolt against Assyria in 672 BC. This identification is based on the
489:
382:
126:
2093:
280:
8:
485:
119:
1560:
1305:
1292:
101:
2147:
1718:
1115:
284:
37:
1830:
1813:
2030:
2185:
2143:
2169:
149:
2134:
Labat, René (1961). "Kaštariti, Phraorte et les débuts de l'histoire Mède".
2122:
1444:
689:
684:
A relief that perhaps represents Cyaxares, the most important Median king
680:
1731:
377:
276:
108:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2094:"The Seven Great Monarchies, by George Rawlinson, The Third Monarchy"
2056:
Rollinger, Robert; Wiesehöfer, Josef; Schottky, Martin (2011-12-01),
979:
953:
701:
539:
522:
438:
421:
335:
317:
260:
215:
198:
148:, a dynasty composed of four kings who ruled for 150 years under the
145:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1269:
1087:
1052:
713:
705:
697:
666:
565:
552:
465:
452:
362:
349:
241:
228:
1256:
1233:
883:
709:
693:
640:
598:
509:
408:
304:
185:
157:
2004:
66:
535:
434:
331:
268:
264:
211:
1988:
153:
2055:
688:
Family tree of the Median dynasty and its kinship with the
380:
demonstrated that, in various manuscripts of Herodotus'
78:
to this template: there are already 470 articles in the
376:
However, this chronology was rejected by scholars when
58:
a machine-translated version of the Portuguese article.
2120:
2017:
579:
2074:
62:
2037:
2167:
259:and era. In Neo-Assyrian texts from the time of
2058:"VII. Iranian Empires and their vassal states"
144:was, according to the ancient Greek historian
104:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
2142:
2080:
723: Consanguineous relatives of Deioces
2121:Dandamayev, M.; Medvedskaya, I. (2006).
679:
2168:
1983:
2133:
2043:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1828:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1729:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1303:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1267:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1231:
1229:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1129:
1127:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
700:, according to records of historians
18:
152:. If Herodotus' story is true, the
13:
580:Median rulers according to Ctesias
14:
2197:
2018:Dandamayev & Medvedskaya 2006
23:
2114:
1837:
1738:
1451:
1312:
1276:
1240:
1094:
1059:
986:
890:
116:{{Translated|pt|Dinastia meda}}
2086:
2049:
2023:
114:You may also add the template
1:
1997:
163:
2181:Dynasties in Persia and Iran
675:
156:were unified by a man named
7:
86:will aid in categorization.
10:
2202:
61:Machine translation, like
1917:
1915:
1913:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1794:
1792:
1778:
1776:
1754:
1748:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1710:
1708:
1684:
1682:
1670:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1634:
1632:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1608:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1487:
1485:
1420:
1418:
1390:
1388:
1364:
1362:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1189:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1135:
1036:
1034:
1010:
1008:
938:
936:
843:
841:
38:the corresponding article
125:For more guidance, see
685:
2127:Encyclopaedia Iranica
683:
267:, joined the king of
127:Knowledge:Translation
98:copyright attribution
16:Ancient royal dynasty
281:Behistun Inscription
1984:Sovereigns timeline
486:Neo-Assyrian Empire
686:
665:Aspadas (Apandas)/
106:interlanguage link
2136:Journal Asiatique
1981:
1980:
1843:
1744:
1457:
1318:
1306:Nebuchadnezzar II
1282:
1246:
1100:
1065:
992:
896:
673:
672:
577:
576:
477:
476:
374:
373:
253:
252:
138:
137:
50:
46:
2193:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2139:
2130:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2053:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2031:"Medes – Livius"
2027:
2021:
2015:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1063:
1061:
1057:
990:
988:
984:
894:
892:
888:
726:
725:
722:
584:
583:
504:Length of reign
495:
494:
403:Length of reign
394:
393:
388:Edwin Grantovski
299:Length of reign
290:
289:
285:Darius the Great
180:Length of reign
171:
170:
117:
111:
85:
84:|topic=
82:, and specifying
67:Google Translate
48:
44:
27:
26:
19:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2166:
2165:
2156:
2154:
2144:Lendering, Jona
2117:
2112:
2111:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2065:
2054:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1986:
1836:
1834:
1737:
1735:
1562:
1450:
1448:
1311:
1309:
1275:
1273:
1239:
1237:
1117:
1093:
1091:
1058:
1056:
985:
983:
955:
889:
887:
724:
720:
678:
582:
166:
134:
133:
132:
115:
109:
83:
51:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2199:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2176:Median dynasty
2164:
2163:
2140:
2131:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2085:
2081:Lendering 1995
2073:
2048:
2036:
2022:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
993:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
951:
949:
947:
945:
942:
940:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
900:
898:
897:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
847:
845:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
805:
803:
802:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
719:
677:
674:
671:
670:
663:
660:
659:
656:
652:
651:
648:
644:
643:
638:
634:
633:
630:
626:
625:
622:
618:
617:
614:
610:
609:
606:
602:
601:
596:
592:
591:
588:
581:
578:
575:
574:
571:
568:
562:
561:
558:
555:
549:
548:
546:
543:
532:
531:
528:
525:
519:
518:
515:
512:
506:
505:
502:
499:
475:
474:
471:
468:
462:
461:
458:
455:
449:
448:
445:
442:
431:
430:
427:
424:
418:
417:
414:
411:
405:
404:
401:
398:
372:
371:
368:
365:
359:
358:
355:
352:
346:
345:
342:
339:
328:
327:
324:
321:
314:
313:
310:
307:
301:
300:
297:
294:
251:
250:
247:
244:
238:
237:
234:
231:
225:
224:
222:
219:
208:
207:
204:
201:
195:
194:
191:
188:
182:
181:
178:
175:
165:
162:
142:Median dynasty
136:
135:
131:
130:
123:
112:
90:
87:
75:adding a topic
70:
59:
52:
45:(October 2021)
33:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2198:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2099:
2098:Gutenberg.org
2095:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2032:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2003:
1978:
1940:
1938:
1922:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1866:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1816:
1815:
1799:
1797:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1734:
1733:
1721:
1720:
1689:
1687:
1639:
1637:
1589:
1586:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1564:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1516:
1514:
1462:
1460:
1447:
1446:
1395:
1393:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1308:
1307:
1295:
1294:
1272:
1271:
1259:
1258:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1090:
1089:
1055:
1054:
1041:
1039:
997:
995:
982:
981:
957:
943:
941:
901:
899:
886:
885:
848:
846:
806:
804:
767:
765:
727:
718:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
682:
668:
664:
662:
661:
657:
654:
653:
649:
646:
645:
642:
639:
636:
635:
631:
628:
627:
623:
620:
619:
615:
612:
611:
607:
604:
603:
600:
597:
594:
593:
589:
586:
585:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
503:
500:
497:
496:
493:
491:
487:
481:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
459:
456:
454:
451:
450:
446:
443:
440:
436:
433:
432:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
402:
399:
396:
395:
392:
389:
385:
384:
379:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
343:
340:
337:
333:
330:
329:
325:
322:
319:
316:
315:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
298:
295:
292:
291:
288:
286:
282:
278:
272:
270:
266:
262:
256:
248:
245:
243:
240:
239:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
213:
210:
209:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
161:
159:
155:
151:
150:Median Empire
147:
143:
128:
124:
121:
113:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
81:
80:main category
77:
76:
71:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
53:
47:
41:
40:in Portuguese
39:
34:You can help
30:
21:
20:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:
2138:(249): 1–12.
2135:
2126:
2115:Bibliography
2101:. Retrieved
2097:
2088:
2076:
2066:, retrieved
2061:
2051:
2046:, p. 7.
2039:
2025:
1829:
1812:
1730:
1717:
1443:
1304:
1291:
1268:
1255:
1232:
1086:
1051:
978:
882:
687:
482:
478:
381:
375:
320:/Kashtariti
273:
257:
254:
167:
141:
139:
102:edit summary
93:
73:
43:
35:
1445:Amel-Marduk
717:the Great.
690:Babylonians
669:(Astyigas)
570:585–550 BC
557:625–585 BC
527:678–625 BC
514:700–678 BC
470:584–550 BC
457:620–584 BC
444:635–615 BC
426:640–620 BC
413:672–640 BC
367:585–550 BC
354:625–585 BC
341:553–625 BC
323:675–653 BC
309:728–675 BC
246:585–550 BC
233:625–585 BC
203:647–625 BC
190:700–647 BC
2170:Categories
2148:"Cyaxares"
2103:2021-01-13
2068:2024-01-28
2044:Labat 1961
1998:References
1933:Megabernes
1842:559–530 BC
1743:580–559 BC
1732:Cambyses I
1561:Achaemenid
1456:562–560 BC
1317:605–562 BC
1281:585–550 BC
1245:560–546 BC
1099:625–585 BC
1064:591–560 BC
991:678–625 BC
895:700–678 BC
658:Artibaras
378:Rene Labat
277:Kashtariti
164:Chronology
980:Phraortes
954:Mermandae
801:Phraortes
702:Herodotus
676:Genealogy
655:40 years
647:22 years
637:40 years
632:Arbianes
629:22 years
621:50 years
616:Sosarmus
613:30 years
608:Maudaces
605:50 years
595:28 years
523:Phraortes
490:Babylonia
422:Phraortes
383:Histories
318:Phraortes
261:Sargon II
199:Phraortes
146:Herodotus
120:talk page
72:Consider
2157:23 March
2146:(1995).
1928:Spitaces
1831:Cyrus II
1803:Spitamas
1270:Astyages
1116:Chaldean
1088:Cyaxares
1053:Alyattes
714:Xenophon
706:Berossus
698:Persians
667:Astyages
650:Artynes
624:Artycas
590:Name(s)
566:Astyages
553:Cyaxares
540:Scythian
466:Astyages
453:Cyaxares
439:Scythian
363:Astyages
350:Cyaxares
336:Scythian
242:Astyages
229:Cyaxares
216:Scythian
96:provide
2123:"Media"
2064:, Brill
1840:
1741:
1719:Mandane
1563:dynasty
1454:
1315:
1279:
1257:Aryenis
1243:
1234:Croesus
1118:dynasty
1097:
1062:
989:
956:dynasty
893:
884:Deioces
710:Ctesias
694:Lydians
641:Artaeus
599:Arbaces
510:Deioces
409:Deioces
305:Deioces
186:Deioces
158:Deioces
118:to the
100:in the
42:.
2152:Livius
1814:Amytis
1293:Amytis
721:
587:Reign
542:rule)
536:Madyes
501:Reign
498:Ruler
441:rule)
435:Madyes
400:Reign
397:Ruler
338:rule)
332:Madyes
296:Reign
293:Ruler
269:Urartu
265:Mannea
218:rule)
212:Madyes
177:Reign
174:Ruler
2186:Medes
154:Medes
63:DeepL
2159:2021
708:and
696:and
140:The
94:must
92:You
56:View
573:35
560:40
530:53
517:22
473:34
460:36
447:20
429:20
416:32
370:35
357:40
344:28
326:22
312:53
249:35
236:40
206:22
193:53
65:or
2172::
2150:.
2125:.
2096:.
2060:,
2006:^
1838:r.
1739:r.
1452:r.
1313:r.
1277:r.
1241:r.
1095:r.
1060:r.
987:r.
891:r.
704:,
692:,
545:?
221:?
2161:.
2129:.
2106:.
2083:.
2033:.
2020:.
538:(
437:(
334:(
214:(
129:.
122:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.