1848:
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1380:. Talaat was able to procure an important loan from the Régie to ensure success in retaking Adrianople. The Ottomans soon joined the war, retaking the city even though the great powers had forced the Ottomans to surrender Adrianople only months earlier. Talaat symbolically joined the army and took part in the recapture. This was a failure of diplomacy by the great powers; for Talaat and the committee, this moment made them learn to not take international diplomacy seriously if the situation on the ground reflected otherwise. He led the negotiations with Bulgaria in the
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2280:
906:, mass surveillance, and censorship. This autocracy in turn produced a culture of suspicion as well as a spirit of clandestine rebellion in many Ottoman citizens, young Talaat included. He was caught sending a telegram saying "Things are going well. I'll soon reach my goal." He was confronted by the police for this telegram, and claimed that the message was to his dalliance, who defended him. With two of his friends from the post office, he was charged with tampering with the official telegraph and was arrested in 1893.
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922:), where he became a postal clerk in July 1898. Between 1898 and 1908 he served as a postman on the staff of the Salonika Post Office, during which he continued his revolutionary activities in secret. He was promoted to municipal chief clerk in April 1903, following which he could afford to bring his mother and sisters to Salonika. His job in the postal administration gave him the opportunity to smuggle into the city newspapers published by the dissidents abroad. That year he joined the Salonica Freemason Lodge
811:
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1806:. He was a major force behind the policies regarding the resettlement of Kurds and wanted to be informed of whether the Kurds would really be turkified or not and how they got along with the Turkish inhabitants in the areas where they had been resettled too. Talaat outlined that nowhere in the Empire's vilayets should the Kurdish population be more than 5%. To that end, Balkan Muslim and Turkish refugees were prioritised to be resettled in
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83:
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1999:, which was accomplished by September. Spring 1918 was the zenith of Unionist power and Talaat Pasha's political career, followed by a slow realization of defeat in WWI over the summer. In a conversation with Cavid, Talaat felt trapped between three "fires": Enver Pasha, who was becoming increasingly erratic and overly optimistic after the breakthrough in the Caucasus; the new sultan
2237:
Turkey's entry into the war "by a recourse to a number of vile tricks and deceitful means". They were also accused of "the massacre and destruction of the
Armenians" and of trying to "pile up fortunes for themselves" through "the pillage and plunder" of their possessions. The indictment alleged that "The massacre and destruction of the Armenians were the result of decisions by the
1866:, while also retaining the Ministry of the Interior. This made him the first member of parliament to become a Prime Minister in Ottoman (and Turkish) history. This move completed the Unionist party-state, as he was both Grand Vizier and chairman of the Union and Progress Party. Talaat, at the time he became Grand Vizier, gained the title "Pasha".
4343:'I wish,' Talaat now said, 'that you would get the American life insurance companies to send us a complete list of their Armenian policy holders. They are practically all dead now and have left no heirs to collect the money. It of course all escheats to the State. The Government is the beneficiary now. Will you do so?'
1694:"Talat told Dr. Mordtman, the man in charge of the Armenian desk and the dragoman at the German Embassy at Istanbul, that Turkey was "intent on taking advantage of the war in order to thoroughly liquidate its internal foes, i.e., the indigenous Christians, without being thereby disturbed by foreign intervention."
2037:
1368:
instead asserts a rule of diarchy, with Talaat leader of the civilian government and Enver the military, especially after Cemal Pasha's dispatch to Syria. Kieser asserts his
Ottoman Empire was not a totalitarian state, but a balance of many factions maintained through kickbacks and corruption. Strong
2319:
According to
Hayriye, Talaat had prophesied his own assassination, recalling that he said to her: "One day, someone will shoot me' said he. 'I will collapse, blood spilling from my forehead. I will not have the luxury to die, lying on bed. It doesn't matter; let them shoot me; the motherland shall
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is now the new leader. He held regular correspondences with
Mustafa Kemal from Berlin. Unlike Enver, Kemal had friendly relations with Talaat, with Kemal addressing Talaat as his "brother" in their communiques. Even though he effectively endorsed Mustafa Kemal as his "successor", from Berlin Talaat
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of 1 June 1915 to 8 February 1916 that allowed for the mass deportation of
Armenians, a principal means of carrying out what is now recognized as a genocide against Armenians. The deportees did not receive any humanitarian assistance and there is no evidence that the Ottoman government provided the
1228:
had to acquiesce to the Savior
Officers demands, and the parliament was dissolved with a new election to take place in autumn of 1912. It was no longer safe for Unionists to be in the open, and it was plausible that the CUP would be banned by the government. Talaat had to once again lay low, hiding
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from his wife. They learned in 1911 that they were not able to have children, but they adopted an orphan, Münevver, as their daughter. Hayriye joined Talaat in Berlin in spring 1920 and returned to Turkey after her husband's assassination. She remarried with Hamdi Bafralı in 1946, and they had two
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In his posthumously published memoirs, he propagated a "national myth – that all
Ottoman Armenians were rebels, betrayers, secessionists, and that they were responsible for the massacres that took place in 1915–1916". The memoirs were published many times especially when the Armenian genocide was
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The
British government continued to monitor Talaat's activities after the war. The British government had intelligence reports indicating that he had gone to Germany, and the British High Commissioner pressured Ferid Pasha and the Sublime Porte to request that Germany extradite him to the Ottoman
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was crucial to German grand strategy in the war, and good relations were needed. Following
Russian breakthrough in the Caucasus and signs that Greece would side with the Allied powers after all, the CUP was finally able to resume operations against the Greeks of the empire, and Talaat ordered the
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that ran the
Ottoman government until the end of World War I in October 1918. However historian Hans-Lukas Kieser asserts that this state of rule by triumvirate was accurate for only the years 1913–1914, and thereafter Talaat was the sole dictator of the Ottoman Empire, especially once he became
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and brought to trial the Ottoman leaders who had held positions of responsibility between 1914 and 1918 for having perpetrated the Armenian genocide. İzzet Pasha was pressured early on by the British to arrest Talaat, but he didn't order his arrest nor order his extradition from Germany until a
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to close all Armenian political organizations operating within the Ottoman Empire and arrest Armenians connected to them, justifying the action by stating that the organizations were controlled from outside the empire, were inciting upheavals behind the Ottoman lines, and were cooperating with
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By January 1919, a report to Sultan Mehmed VI accused over 130 suspects, most of whom were high officials. The indictment accused the main defendants, including Talaat, of being "mired in an unending chain of bloodthirstiness, plunder and abuses". They were accused of deliberately engineering
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The Ottoman signature political animal held up a distorting mirror to Europe. It showed the worst yet nevertheless real sides of Europe, scaled up. Unconcerned by rules and ethics, arguing that he saw both broken numerous times by the European powers, he began to use the ruthless arms of a
2367:, attending on behalf of the exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II. The German foreign office sent a wreath with a ribbon saying, "To a great statesman and a faithful friend." Şakir, barely able to maintain his composure, read a funeral oration while the coffin was lowered into the grave, covered in an
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It is no use for you to argue . . . we have already disposed of three quarters of the Armenians; there are none at all left in Bitlis, Van, and Erzeroum. The hatred between the Turks and the Armenians is now so intense that we have got to finish with them. If we don't, they will plan their
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due to the traumatic experience he had gone through during the genocide. Immediately after the assassination, Nazım and Şakir, the other two Turkish statesmen who were also staying in the area, received German police protection. Şakir would be assassinated a year later by another Dashnak.
1308:, as well as order the arrests against leading Freedom and Accord members and journalists in the subsequent state of emergency. However, with demands from the great powers to surrender Adrianople and a deteriorating military situation, Şevket Pasha and the CUP finally acknowledged defeat.
1881:, would later say similarly, Talaat Pasha believed that there was "only one civilization in the world , to be saved, must be joined to civilization." Another point brought up was cracking down on corruption, much of which he was responsible for and never followed through with.
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described Talaat as "The strongest man of Young Turkey", a "man of will", a "unique and outstanding talent of statesmanship" who dominates "the whole state machine". Whereas "the sultan is a constitutional ruler, Talaat is an autocratic sultan." He called him "the Turkish
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Talaat had a powerful build and a dark complexion. His manners were gruff, which caused him to be expelled from the military secondary school at the age of sixteen without a certificate after a conflict with his teacher. Without earning a degree, he joined the staff of a
2015:, leaving no sufficient forces to check an advance on the Ottoman capital. With defeat certain (and growing unrest from years of unfettered corruption) Talaat Pasha announced his intention to resign on 8 October 1918 and lead a caretaker government for a few more days.
1193:, where the main topic of discussion was the CUP's lack of commitment to pluralism. The central committee voted against the opposition's points for cooperation, inflaming the already toxic political climate. On 21 November, 1911, the opposition united around the
1047:, what started out as an anti-Unionist demonstration in the capital quickly turned into an anticonstitutionalist-monarchist counter revolution where Abdul Hamid attempted to reestablish his autocracy. The Grand Vizier Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha was forced to resign for
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organization which was agitating against Abdul Hamid's autocracy. In 1896 he was imprisoned for having been part of a CUP cell together with his brother-in-law. Sentenced to three years in jail, Talaat was pardoned after serving two years but exiled to Salonika
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which this time included the CUP, and resumed fighting. Talaat and Enver urged Şevket Pasha to accept the Grand Vezierate, but mutual distrust between the generalissimo and the committee meant Talaat only came back as deputy Interior Minister, so he employed
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wanted the body; it would be a political liability to associate themselves with the man considered the worst criminal of World War I. Invitations from Hayriye and the Orient Club were sent to Talaat's funeral, and on 19 March, he was buried in the
2068:, Crimea and scattered from there. Before escaping the Ottoman Empire, he wrote a letter to İzzet Pasha promising his return to the country. Public opinion was shocked by the departure of Talaat Pasha, which left the country's politics in a sudden vacuum.
2601:, and farsighted founding father" in Turkey, where many schools, streets, and mosques are named after him. In Turkey, Talaat and the rest of the Three Pashas are only criticized for causing the Ottoman Empire's entry into World War I and its subsequent
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in the Netherlands. He was also able to travel to Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, and Denmark. In all of these visits, he lobbied against the new Allied world-order, specifically against their designs on the Ottoman Empire. Behind bars for his role in the
2099:, under the pseudonym "Ali Sâî Bey". Next to his apartment he founded the "Oriental Club" (Şark Kulübü), where anti-Entente Muslims and European activists met. Though he was a wanted man in the Ottoman Empire and Britain, Talaat managed to attend the
1739:." In another exchange, he demanded from Morgenthau the list of the holders of American insurance policies belonging to Armenians in an effort to appropriate the funds to the state. Morgenthau refused. Talaat told him in a later conversation that:
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documents from the interior ministry that Hayriye stored away containing data on Armenian deportatation and resettlement of Muhacirs in their place. Bardakçı went on to publish these documents, and an interview with Hayriye 27 years later, in
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On 24 April 1915 the Ministry of the Interior ordered the arrest of Armenian parliamentary deputies, former ministers, and some intellectuals. Thousands were arrested, including 2,345 in the capital, most of whom were subsequently executed
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of the Turkish embassy, Şükri Bey, were held at Talaat's apartment. Afterwards, a large procession accompanied the coffin to Matthäus, where he was interred. Many prominent Germans paid their respects, including former foreign ministers
2261:, a British intelligence agent. During this interview, Talaat maintained at several points that the CUP had always sought British friendship and advice, but claimed that Britain had never replied to such overtures in any meaningful way.
2116:) and frequently visited him with Enver at Moabit prison. Despite his mobility as a fugitive, his exile was one of practical poverty. At one point wishing to start a newspaper, he didn't have enough money to do so, so he wrote his
1268:. Talaat volunteered for the war, but was dismissed from the army for distributing political propaganda. The CUP's headquarters in Salonika had to be relocated to Constantinople when the city fell to Greece, while his hometown of
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With the expectation that the new war would free the Empire of its constraints on its sovereignty by the great powers, Talaat went ahead with accomplishing major goals of the CUP; unilaterally abolishing the centuries-old
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and massacre. Talaat, who was a telegraph operator from a young age, had installed a telegraph machine in his own home and sent "sensitive" telegrams during the course of the deportations. This was confirmed by his wife
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Oddly enough, had Zia Bey lived to see the success of the Young Turk movement, after the revolution of 1908, he might have salaamed to Talaat, the Grand Vizier of the Young Turks, a Pomak gipsy. Such are the ironies of
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to meet with Talaat and support his network that assisted the Turkish nationalist movement from abroad. Through these efforts, he cobbled together a disparate coalition of Turkish nationalists, German nationalists, and
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2003:, an anti-Unionist who was more assertive than his deceased half brother, and the Allied armies advancing from the West and the South. In October 1918, the British defeated both Ottoman armies they faced in the
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was secretary-general of the external CUP. After the revolution, Talaat's more radical and militant internal CUP would see themselves supplant the older cadre of Young Turks that was Rıza's network of exiles.
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in December. Following rumors that the government was willing to surrender Adrianople which was still under siege, Talaat and Enver began plotting a coup. The coup launched on 23 January 1913, known as the
1067:) to organize a separate national assembly from the volatile situation in Constantinople, and declared the change in government illegal. Relief came in the form of pro-constitutionalist forces known as the
984:. Under Talaat's initiative, the Salonika-based OFC merged with Ahmed Rıza's Paris-based CUP in September 1907, and the group became the internal center of the CUP in the Ottoman Empire. Talaat was briefly
7114:
1075:, which stopped in Ayastefanos before marching on the capital; it was secretly agreed there that Abdul Hamid would be replaced by his brother. After the reactionary revolt was crushed, Talaat bullied the
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created more friction between the two organisations. However, the Unionists were still not yet confident enough to purge Armenians from politics or pursue policies of ethnic engineering. Victory of the
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states that many Jews engaged in "open propaganda for him and CUP causes" despite Talaat's involvement in genocide, and that this continued even after his death into the late twentieth century.
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for Abdul Hamid's deposition, and convinced Tevfik Pasha to step down and return Hilmi Pasha to the premiership. With the fatwa, the parliament voted to depose Abdul Hamid II. Talaat and
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Between 1911 and 1914 the Ottoman Empire negotiated with the European powers and the Dashnak Party on reform in the East. He attended multiple meetings with leading Armenian politicians
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1197:. Talaat already had to step down as Interior Minister in March 1911 for his fellow committee-man Halil Menteşe. As a new election was called for 1912, Talaat made sure to be appointed
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Talaat offered comments in the subsequent press conference, criticizing the putschists for their dilettantism, exclaiming "A putsch without a cabinet ready at hand was just childish."
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7107:
5708:"A Hundred Years Ago: The Assassination of Mehmet Talaat (15 March 1921) and the Berlin Criminal Proceedings against Soghomon Tehlirian (2/3 June 1921): Background, Context, Effect"
1430:, however lack of trust between the old allies of the committee and the Dashnaks and growing radicalism within the CUP slowed negotiations. Under overwhelming diplomatic pressure,
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of some 3.7 million amounted to 14% of the prewar population. According to the Ottoman Interior Ministry, the population of Ottoman Armenians decreased to 284,000 from 1,256,000.
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1822:. Kurds were also supposed to be resettled in abandoned Armenian property, however negligence by resettlement authorities still resulted in the deaths of many Kurds by famine.
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as a reluctant partner. With the latter's assassination, an autocratic triumvirate of CUP Central Committee members lead the Ottoman Empire, consisting of himself, Enver, and
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1802:. In May 1916 he mandated Kurds be deported to the western region of Anatolia, and prohibited the resettlement of Kurds to the south in order to prevent Kurds from becoming
1927:
During this time tensions flared between Talaat and Enver. Enver won out in a conflict over prioritizing rationing in favor of the army. In response Talaat established the
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of the Young Turks, and turned to more radical politics. He and other high ranking CUP leaders organized and gave speeches in a pro-war rally against the Balkan nations in
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1400:, which almost started a war with Greece. Talaat was confronted by the sultan when the sultan learned of the deportations, but insisted that the stories of persecution of
1040:. Talaat was easily elected into parliament as Union and Progress's candidate for deputy of Adrianople, and then was elected the parliament's deputy-president under Rıza.
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found themselves at the behest of a spontaneous revolution in 1908, which commenced with Niyazi and Enver's flight into the Albanian hinterlands. Talaat's role during the
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On 2 August 1915 Talaat told him that "that our Armenian policy is absolutely fixed and that nothing can change it. We will not have the Armenians anywhere in Anatolia.
1584:, and suspending the reform package for the Eastern Anatolian provinces that had been in effect for just seven months. This unilateral action prompted a joyous rally in
2500:
2229:, whose first order was the arrest of leading members of Union and Progress. Those who were caught were put under arrest at the Bekirağa division and were subsequently
1920:
was held in Turkish in a few select mosques in the capital. These pre-Kemalist secularisation and modernisation reforms paved the way for further and more far reaching
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in Tahsin's brother-in-law's house. By 1912 Talaat definitely abandoned the belief that constitutionalism and rule of law could unite the multi-ethnic and fragmented "
1014:
was to organize a plot to assassinate the garrison commander of Salonika, Ömer Nazım, who was a Hamidian loyalist and spy master of the area. Nazım survived his hired
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extensive facilities and supplies that would have been necessary to sustain the life of hundreds of thousands of Armenian deportees during their forced march to the
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ships entered the Golden Horn. Talaat's remaining property was confiscated during Tevfik Pasha's premiership, which lasted until 4 March 1919. He was replaced by
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on 18 March though galvanized Talaat, and he decided to take action by starting the machinations of the destruction of Christian minorities in the Ottoman Empire.
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855:, an experience that contributed to Talaat's nationalism. His father died when Talaat was eleven years old, putting his mother and two sisters under his care.
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1572:. The resulting declarations of war saw many resign from the government, including Cavid, which saddened Talaat. He became finance minister in Cavid's place.
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meant defeat for the Ottomans and the downfall of the CUP, whereupon he resigned. On the night of 2–3 November 1918, Talaat Pasha and other members of the
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meant Talaat had to come to terms with the reality on the ground, which made him fall into a depression. He worked to keep morale afloat on the crumbling
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953:(OFC) was formed as another secret Young Turk organization based in Salonika. The founders of the OFC included Talaat, the CUP's future general secretary
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politicians, clergymen, physicians, authors, journalists, lawyers, and teachers, the majority of whom were eventually murdered, including his colleagues
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938:, where he took classes to supplement his lackluster education. The government was still monitoring his activities, and he was almost exiled again to
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Adak, Hülya (2007). "Identifying the "Internal Tumors" of World War I: Talat Paşa's hatıraları , or the Travels of a Unionist Apologia into History".
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1532:, the Ottoman Empire was diplomatically isolated, which it paid for dearly through territorial losses in the Balkans. Therefore, on 9 May, Talaat and
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for subverting the constitution, profiteering from the war, and organizing massacres against Greeks and Armenians. Exiled in Berlin, he supported the
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Numerous diplomats and notable figures confronted Talaat Pasha over the deportations and news of massacres. He had several conversations with the
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Talaat Pasha delivered a farewell speech in the last CUP congress on 1 November, where it was decided to dissolve the party. With Enver, Cemal,
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due to widespread employment of electoral fraud and violence. As a result, Freedom and Accord organized a group in the military known as the
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1896:, employment of women as nurses, in charitable organizations, in army shops, and in labor battalions behind the front and new faculties in
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several weeks earlier, these mass arrests in Constantinople are considered by many commentators to be the start of the Armenian genocide.
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was finally produced in December 1914, but it would be soon terminated under wartime conditions and an about-face by the committee on the
725:. He is widely considered the main perpetrator of the genocide, and is thus held responsible for the death of around 1 million Armenians.
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On 15 February, Talaat Pasha gave a speech to parliament of his program, expressing his will to reform Ottoman society to be on par with
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with a single bullet as he came out of his Hardenbergstraße flat to purchase a pair of gloves. His assassin was a Dashnak agent from
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1384:, which resulted in a population exchange and formalizing Ottoman reassertion of sovereignty over Adrianople. Talaat would negotiate
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1224:, something he wrote that he regretted once Şevket Pasha did so in support of the Savior Officers. Eventually, pro-CUP Grand Vizier
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4219:"Exiled Armenians starve in the desert; Turks drive them like slaves, American committee hears ;- Treatment raises death rate"
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4130:"Genocide as a Problem of National and International Law: The World War I Armenian Case and Its Contemporary Legal Ramifications"
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2091:, signed the documents secretly allowing Talaat asylum in Germany, where he and Nazım settled in a flat at Hardenbergerstraße 4 (
52:
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5335:
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2468:". Talaat's intentional falsehoods were noted by his contemporaries, and even some of his close friends considered him a liar.
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rescinded Talaat's conviction, and then a house and a martyr's pension was granted to Talaat's family with a law passed by the
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from Çeplece, a nearby village. His mother Hürmüz was from a Turkish family that migrated to the region from Dedeler village,
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2422:, originally dedicated to those who died during the 31 March Incident. His return to Turkey was welcomed by Turkish society.
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with injury, but the incident, as well as other assassinations carried out by the CUP during the revolution, intimidated the
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in his house while mob violence targeted MPs. Three days later, Talaat and 100 MPs escaped Constantinople for Ayastefanos (
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company as a postal clerk in Adrianople to provide for his family. His salary was not high, so he worked after hours as a
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of the society. He used both organizations as channels for his anti-Hamidian activism, as they were inaccessible for the
2326:)' " Mustafa Kemal Pasha remarked, "The motherland has lost her great son; the revolution has lost its great organizer."
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17:
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3070:"Talat Paşa, 15 Mart 1921 yılında Sogomon Teyleryan (Makiryan) adlı bir Ermeni tarafından Berlin'de vurularak öldürüldü"
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1771:, leading to the deaths of hundreds of thousands, however this anti-Assyrian policy couldn't be implemented nationally.
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was partial towards the secret committee and intervened, and Talaat returned to Salonika to work as a school principal.
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He was born in the province of Edirne (the westernmost part of Turkey) in 1874, the child of a farmer and a gypsy woman
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1129:, wrote that Talaat was "the acknowledged head of the Committee of Union and Progress and the Young Turks." Biographer
875:. At the age of 21 Talaat was involved in a love affair with the daughter of the Jewish headmaster for whom he worked.
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2307:, who had members of his family who were killed during the genocide. Tehlirian admitted to the shooting, but, after a
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comparatively weak actor also wanting empire: extortion and aggression toward weaker ones who could not fight back.
2308:
2233:. Courts-martials were then organized to punish the CUP for the empire's ill-conceived involvement in World War I.
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1716:, who stated that she often saw him using it to give direct orders to what she believed were provincial governors.
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Many of Talaat's contemporaries wrote of his charm but also of a melancholy spirit. Some occasionally noticed his
2364:
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Once Şevket Pasha was out of the picture due to his assassination on 12 July 1913, the CUP established a de facto
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9054:
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8407:
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wrote of the fall of Talaat and the CUP into a delusional "all or nothing" approach for salvation by war via the
2238:
1495:
1381:
1317:
1289:, succeeded in overthrowing the government, with Kâmil Pasha and his cabinet resigning for Mahmud Şevket Pasha's
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affirmed. Others drew similarities between Talaat and some of his contemporaries, such as Greek prime minister
1515:
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governors had much maneuverability to themselves, provided they execute Talaat and the central committee's new
698:
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by organizing a counter government. Multiple crises in the Empire including the 31 March Incident, attacks on
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criticized Talaat and his colleagues for their policies during and immediately prior to the First World War.
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2728:"The Ottoman State Special Military Tribunal for the Genocide of the Armenians: 'Doing Government Business'"
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were put on hold as Germany wished for a Greek ally or neutrality, however for the sake of their alliance,
1246:
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619:
6994:
3154:. Modernity, Memory and Identity in South-East Europe. Springer International Publishing. pp. 21–36.
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The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire
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Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (2011). "Civil-Military Relations in the Second Constitutional Period, 1908–1918".
4458:"Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913–1950"
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in Hilmi Pasha's cabinet reshuffle, becoming the second Unionist with a cabinet position (first being
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Johnson, Ian (2016). "The Faustian Pact: Soviet-German Military Cooperation in the Interwar Period".
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They believed that he lacked race and breeding; they scornfully reported that he was of gypsy origin.
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Talaat Pasha is widely considered one of the main architects of the Armenian Genocide by historians.
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1900:
for architecture, arts, and music. One particular piece of controversial social reform was the 1917 "
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3359:İstanbul Üniversitesi Atatürk İlkeleri ve İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul 2010
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2700:", after gaining the "Bey" title, until he became Grand Vizier in 1917 and gained the "Pasha" title.
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A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East
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not be stained with my death. For each Talaat passing away, one thousand Talaats shall come forth (
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in March 1918, with Talaat himself negotiating for the Ottoman Empire, resulting in the return of
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before 1908, but after late 1909 he had an increased interest in the new Central Committee member
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Kieser, Hans-Lukas; Anderson, Margaret Lavinia; Bayraktar, Seyhan; Schmutz, Thomas, eds. (2019).
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Talaat and his committee hoped to save the Ottoman Empire by quickly and decisively establishing
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2394:, Talaat's remains were disinterred from Germany and transported to Turkey, where he received a
2348:
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However territorial loss in the south coincided with diplomatic success with the signing of the
1921:
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by relaying false information of successes in wars in the Balkans which weren't even happening.
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to bring down the CUP dominated legislature. Talaat urged for Şevket Pasha, who was appointed
1186:
972:. He served on the Central Committee of the OFC with Rahmi and Canbulat. Many officers of the
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Interview with Talaat Pasha by Henry Morgenthau – American Ambassador to Constantinople 1915
2511:) on 19 March 1910. Talaat met Hayriye in 1909, while she was studying in the French girls'
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1960:. This promise did not reflect ground conditions, as his first year as Grand Vizier saw the
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Olson, Robert W. (1986). "The Remains of Talat: A Dialectic between Republic and Empire".
5414:"M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Talat Paşa, Türk Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 39, Yıl 2010"
4726:"M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Talat Paşa, Türk Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 39, Yıl 2010"
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to describe what Talaat master minded against the Armenians and Assyrians, and later what
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was stripped, and he, Enver, Cemal, Nazım, and Şakir were condemned to death in absentia.
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2371:. He asserted the assassination was "the consequence of imperialist politics against the
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697:) of whom Talaat was its civilian leader. Talaat and Enver were influential bringing the
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known as the "election of clubs", Union and Progress won a lopsided victory against the
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Among the top party functionaries were Interior Minister Talaat Pasha (Bulgarian Gypsy)
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to propose an alliance with Russia, which ended up falling through. Talaat, Enver, and
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Russian forces. This order resulted in the arrest on the night of 24–25 April 1915 of
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The End of the Ottomans: The Genocide of 1915 and the Politics of Turkish Nationalism
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New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. the State
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Young Turk leaders, Talat was not ethnically Turkish; rather he was of Pomak descent.
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was able to directly issue orders to Turkish commanders in the opening stages of the
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citizens. Armenians and Assyrians within the Empire began organising themselves into
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organized a plot to assassinate the perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide, known as
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that were expelled from the Balkans. The scheduled election had to be canceled, and
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Blood and Soil: Genocide and Extermination in World History from Carthage to Darfur
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First World War.com: Talat Pasha's Alleged Orders Regarding the Armenian Massacres
5957:"They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide
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4314:(in Turkish) (4th ed.). Cağaloğlu, İstanbul: Everest Yayınları. p. 211.
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Empire. Germany was well aware of Talaat's presence but refused to surrender him.
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politics to stay influential. He urged for the Empire to continue fighting in the
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Defining the horrific readings on genocide and Holocaust in the twentieth century
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wrote " the foremost partisan of war" for "whom and his disciples, this war was
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2479:" upon his becoming Grand Vizier, a title which German journalist and companion
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People sentenced to death in absentia by the Ottoman Special Military Tribunal
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Operation Nemesis: Die Türkei, Deutschland und der Völkermord an den Armeniern
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2112:(their previous encounter being on opposite sides of the negotiating table at
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717:), most of them being ultimately murdered, and on 30 May 1915 promulgated the
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930:. Talaat met then economics professor, later friend and CUP Finance Minister
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Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot that Avenged the Armenian Genocide
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Age of Assassins: A History of Conspiracy and Political Violence, 1865–1981
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were recruited into the OFC, including the future heroes of the revolution
958:
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5379:"Talát Paşa'nın kara kaplı 'tehcir defteri'ni 90 yıl sonra yarın açıyorum"
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1782:
was muted. The participation of the Ottoman Empire as an ally against the
1767:. Talaat ordered the governor of Van to remove the Assyrian population in
1138:
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3148:"Revisiting Armenians in the Ottoman Empire: Deportations and Atrocities"
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2411:
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2136:
and hoped to use the commander as a puppet. He also kept in contact with
1763:
was also targeted by the Unionist government in what is now known as the
1687:
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1641:
on atrocities committed by the Special Organisation against Armenians in
1630:
1626:
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In August 1909 Mehmed Talaat led a 17-member parliamentary delegation to
1068:
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914:
732:, Talaat Pasha became Grand Vizier in 1917. He personally negotiated the
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5452:
Il triangolo e la mezzaluna. I "Giovani Turchi" e la massoneria italiana
5383:
3779:"Young Turk Governance in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War"
2573:, then a law student who followed Talaat's trial, later coined the term
1520:
10361:
9821:
9285:
8552:
5887:
4347:'You will get no such list from me,' I said, and I got up and left him.
4101:
Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). "Tehcir Law". In Whitehorn, Alan (ed.).
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340:
44:
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Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler
3128:
For more see: George Young, Constantinople, Barnes & Noble, 1992,
2553:
in 1903 during his time in the Ottoman Balkans. He was also the first
2023:
with the Allies, ending hostilities in the Middle East on 30 October.
1388:
too. This peace was very tenuous however, as Talaat, Enver Pasha, and
1376:
That summer came Bulgaria's attack on Greece and Serbia, starting the
1327:
9912:
9801:
9770:
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9222:
8588:
8432:
5503:"Mehmet Talat Paşa | Hür ve Kabul Edilmiş Masonlar Büyük Locası"
4192:
2546:
2504:
2435:
2036:
2000:
1957:
1815:
851:(Istanbul) when their home was occupied by Russian troops during the
824:
599:, and was responsible for other ethnic cleansings during his time as
555:(1 September 1874 – 15 March 1921), commonly known as
383:
119:
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9009:
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in a well-attended ceremony. At 11:00 a.m., prayers led by the
2241:". The court released its verdict on 5 July 1919: Talaat's title of
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2508:
2330:
1944:
1825:
Approximately 1.7 million Christians (including 200,000 Greeks and
1803:
1592:
1568:
to the Ottoman Empire, the three convinced Cemal Pasha to agree to
1438:. On 6 September, Talaat Pasha sent a telegram to the governors of
1173:
As tension built between the CUP and opposition, a meeting between
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and political pluralism, turning them into hard-line authoritarian
574:
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115:
9932:
5477:"Büyük Üstatlar | Hür ve Kabul Edilmiş Masonlar Büyük Locası"
2196:
1447:
1343:. He kept this post until the CUP's fall from power following the
4941:"Robert Fisk: My conversation with the son of Soghomon Tehlirian"
4818:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. pp. 134–135.
2447:
2300:
2071:
Talaat, Nazım, Şakir and some other Turkish officers wound up in
1984:
1753:
1273:
651:
4245:
Great Catastrophe: Armenians and Turks in the Shadow of Genocide
1892:
Many social reforms were introduced, including modernization of
1686:. Although the mass killings of Armenian civilians had begun in
1024:
establishment enough to reopen the parliament and reinstate the
587:, which operated a one-party dictatorship in the Empire; during
9742:
2072:
1980:
1874:
1811:
1653:
1339:
in the Ottoman Empire. Talaat returned as interior minister in
1117:, as well as enforce imperial rule in revolting provinces like
872:
836:
411:
82:
4562:
4275:. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 100.
1775:
1401:
1201:
in 22 January ,1912 so the election outcome could be certain.
9689:
9629:
8771:
5757:
Operation Nemesis: Turkey, Germany, and the Armenian Genocide
5580:
The Kemalists: Islamic Revival and the Fate of Secular Turkey
5093:
2687:
2666:
2242:
1913:
1764:
1719:
1451:
1443:
1083:
73:
57:
6010:
Mehmet Talaat (1874–1921) and his role in the Greek Genocide
5831:
Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide
2615:
Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide
1220:
after the 31 March Incident, to resign as in the lead-up to
32:
Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide
2343:
1976:
1807:
728:
In a move that established total Unionist control over the
5358:
3731:
3403:
3401:
2549:
and first became a member of the Salonica Freemason Lodge
2208:
The British government exerted diplomatic pressure on the
1113:). He continued Hamidian era anti-Zionist restrictions in
595:(prime minister). He has been called the architect of the
5141:
5139:
5071:
5069:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5050:
4617:
4593:
4498:
4422:
4002:
3990:
3954:
3930:
2697:
1264:
achieved decisive victory over the Ottoman Empire in the
5634:
Raueme Des Selbst: Selbstzeugnisforschung Transkulturell
4971:
4969:
4967:
4510:
4439:
4437:
3860:
3858:
3678:
3676:
2329:
Initially, Talaat's friends hoped he could be buried in
2311:, he was found innocent by a German court on grounds of
642:. He played an important role in the downfall of Sultan
5260:
4665:
3546:
3534:
3466:
3464:
3413:
3398:
2954:
2952:
2911:
2909:
2597:
Talaat Pasha is viewed as a "great statesman, skillful
2503:(1895–1983) (later known as Hayriye Talat Bafralı), an
1668:
235 to 270 Armenian community leaders in Constantinople
1311:
9132:
Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915
5900:
Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey
5558:
5546:
5336:""Talat Paşa" dediklerine bakmayın asıl hedef Atatürk"
5248:
5211:
5187:
5163:
5151:
5136:
5066:
5047:
4844:
4780:
4768:
4744:
4677:
4531:"A devastating document is met with silence in Turkey"
1001:
5983:] (in Turkish). İstanbul: Doğan Kardeş Yayınları.
5609:
5457:
5315:
5199:
5081:
4964:
4756:
4653:
4641:
4629:
4605:
4486:
4434:
4410:
4398:
3978:
3966:
3942:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3870:
3855:
3843:
3831:
3819:
3760:
3758:
3743:
3688:
3673:
3661:
3649:
3606:
3582:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2248:
1272:
by the Bulgarians. The imperial capital swelled with
5534:
5432:
5175:
5124:
5112:
4104:
The Armenian Genocide: The Essential Reference Guide
3594:
3570:
3558:
3488:
3476:
3461:
3449:
3437:
3425:
3301:
3299:
2949:
2906:
2221:
took the position of grand vizier the same day that
4386:
2524:sons. Hayriye died in İstanbul on 15 January 1983.
2519:in the Israelite School at Salonika, and picked up
2398:on 25 February 1943, attended by German ambassador
1862:(a puppet of the committee anyway) by becoming the
1580:, prohibiting foreign postal services, terminating
1506:, a Unionist paramilitary, started harassing them.
1392:, secretary of the local CUP branch, organized the
894:, who was an opponent of his Turkification policies
5716:International Journal of Armenian Genocide Studies
4939:
4706:
4581:
4027:Confronting Genocide: Judaism, Christianity, Islam
3755:
2877:
2772:
2390:, at the request of the Prime Minister of Turkey,
2257:The last official interview Talaat granted was to
2213:Constantinople court demanded it. With the allied
878:
8987:Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation
5033:(in Turkish). Turkey: Hiperlink Eğitim İletişim.
3355:Türk Basınında Talat Paşa Suikastı ve Yansımaları
3296:
2450:and others commented on his intimidation skills.
2418:gave the funeral oration as he was buried at the
1748:Talaat believed Armenian deportation avenged the
740:, regaining parts of Eastern Anatolia which were
10613:Assassinated politicians from the Ottoman Empire
10488:20th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire
10449:
9959:Newspaper documentation of the Assyrian genocide
5234:. Princeton University Press. pp. 380–382.
4023:
2425:
2123:Questioned whether he would return and join the
1995:strengthened the Ottoman's position in a future
1780:German reaction to the deportations of Armenians
909:After being released from prison, he joined the
10523:People from the Ottoman Empire of Pomak descent
8882:Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial bombings
5930:Destroying the Armenians: History of a Genocide
5278:
4345:This was almost too much, and I lost my temper.
4189:"PBS effort to bridge controversy creates more"
2725:
2040:Talaat with his friends in exile, Holland, 1920
1888:Talaat Pasha at Berlin with his diplomatic team
1851:Talaat Pasha with Central Power negotiators at
10548:Political office-holders in the Ottoman Empire
9794:
6005:Talaat Pasha's report on the Armenian Genocide
5926:Détruire les Arméniens. Histoire d'un génocide
5576:
4019:
4017:
2283:Street where Talaat's assassination took place
942:. However the Inspector General for Macedonia
10045:
9687:
9673:
9025:
8217:
7525:
7108:
6887:Civankapıcıbaşı Sultanzade Semiz Mehmed Pasha
6538:
6316:
6190:
6136:
5529:Consequences of Denial: The Armenian Genocide
5104:sfn error: no target: CITEREFPetrossian2020 (
4096:
4094:
2930:
2527:Her granddaughter, Ayşegül Bafralı, provided
2321:
1956:, promising to open up Jewish immigration to
752:. However breakthroughs by the Allies in the
5583:. Prometheus Books, Publishers. p. 77.
5454:, Edizioni Nuova Cultura, Roma, 2011, p. 38.
4186:
3064:
3062:
2612:Kieser writes in his biography of Talaat in
2487:and de facto co-dictator of Germany General
2264:
1858:On 4 February 1917, Talaat finally replaced
1737:They can live in the desert but nowhere else
1125:. That year, Louis Rambert, director of the
902:, who ran a modern autocracy, complete with
10498:Committee of Union and Progress politicians
10059:
7397:Yağlıkçızade Nişancı Hacı Mehmed Emin Pasha
4906:
4361:"Ambassador Morgenthau's Story, Chapter 25"
4100:
4014:
3270:
3268:
3266:
2931:Kedourie, Sylvia; Wasti, S. Tanvir (1996).
2019:became the new Grand Vizier and signed the
1351:in 1918. Talaat, with Enver and commandant
1152:
996:
898:The Ottoman Empire was ruled by the sultan
618:. After the CUP succeeded in restoring the
572:
10543:Government ministers of the Ottoman Empire
10052:
10038:
9680:
9666:
9032:
9018:
8348:Association for Defence of National Rights
8224:
8210:
7532:
7518:
7115:
7101:
6545:
6531:
6323:
6309:
6197:
6183:
6143:
6129:
5099:
4811:
4334:
4211:
4091:
3512:"İttihat Terakki'nin 'yeminsiz' kadınları"
2926:
2924:
2060:, he fled the Ottoman capital on a German
1916:was translated into Turkish, and even the
1133:writes that he was under the influence of
1028:. For the first time in three decades, an
583:from 1913 to 1918. He was chairman of the
332:17 December 1908 – 8 October 1918
81:
8982:How happy is the one who says I am a Turk
5920:
5728:
5408:
5406:
4994:(in Turkish). Turkey: Yedigün Neşriyatı.
4528:
4516:
4066:
3794:
3349:
3347:
3237:(in Turkish). İmge Kitabevi. p. 53.
3059:
2853:
2744:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199671144.003.0004
2736:The Hidden Histories of War Crimes Trials
1661:On 24 April 1915, Talaat Pasha issued an
1404:were fabricated by the Empire's enemies.
1282:peace negotiations with the Balkan League
1101:. He learned there that he was appointed
107:4 February 1917 – 8 October 1918
10528:People assassinated by Operation Nemesis
9185:
5673:
5654:
5376:
5030:Edebiyatta Siyaset: Vedat Türkali Örneği
4887:
4671:
4307:
3419:
3263:
2439:Tomb of Talaat Pasha in the cemetery of
2434:
2410:hoped to secure Turkish support for the
2278:
2189:
2035:
1912:. When it came to religious reform, the
1883:
1846:
1718:
1652:
1519:
1326:
1256:The Savior Officer-backed government of
1156:
882:
839:descent. His father, Ahmet Vasıf, was a
809:
805:
273:November 1914 – 4 February 1917
8887:2005 Istanbul pogrom exhibition assault
8231:
6281:Osmancıklı Koca Mehmed Nizamüddin Pasha
5745:
5702:
5659:. Great Britain: Penguin Random House.
5570:
5285:. Altın Kitaplar Kitabevi. p. 92.
5266:
5145:
5060:
4975:
4867:. G. P. Putnam's sons ltd. p. 41.
4862:
4750:
4718:
4695:
4558:
4556:
4241:
4127:
3776:
2921:
2872:
2831:
2535:The Remaining Documents of Talaat Pasha
2515:in Constantinople. He learned to speak
2179:
1820:Kurds were deported to Central Anatolia
1794:Talaat was also a leading force in the
1709:deportees were subject to periodic rape
1509:
699:Ottoman Empire into the First World War
14:
10450:
7451:Silahdar Karavezir Seyyid Mehmed Pasha
6022:Newspaper clippings about Talaat Pasha
5974:
5824:
5615:
5564:
5552:
5463:
5438:
5403:
5364:
5333:
5321:
5254:
5217:
5205:
5193:
5169:
5157:
5075:
5026:
4987:
4865:Ben Kendim: A Record of Eastern Travel
4850:
4786:
4774:
4762:
4683:
4659:
4647:
4635:
4623:
4611:
4599:
4587:
4504:
4492:
4443:
4428:
4416:
4404:
4358:
4268:
4008:
3996:
3984:
3972:
3960:
3948:
3936:
3924:
3912:
3900:
3888:
3876:
3864:
3849:
3837:
3825:
3764:
3749:
3737:
3694:
3682:
3667:
3655:
3612:
3600:
3588:
3576:
3564:
3552:
3540:
3509:
3494:
3482:
3470:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3407:
3386:from the original on 24 September 2021
3344:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3034:; For more see: Stephen R. Graubard,
2958:
2915:
2795:
2783:
2204:fled the country following World War I
1322:
163:12 June 1913 – 8 October 1918
27:Turkish Ottoman politician (1874–1921)
10608:Politicians assassinated in the 1920s
10033:
9661:
9039:
9013:
8205:
7550:Decline and Modernization (1789–1922)
7513:
7096:
6526:
6304:
6178:
6124:
5894:
5857:
5796:
5784:from the original on 22 November 2019
5483:from the original on 27 December 2019
5229:
5181:
5130:
5118:
5087:
4890:Turkey: Identity, Democracy, Politics
4832:from the original on 31 December 2023
4712:
4235:
4231:from the original on 2 February 2012.
4069:"Armenians mark massacre anniversary"
3505:
3503:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3305:
3274:
3234:Türkler ve Ermeniler: 1915 ve sonrası
3230:
3184:from the original on 5 September 2022
3145:
2933:Turkey: Identity, Democracy, Politics
2807:
1904:" which was a significant advance in
1827:100,000 Lebanese Christians and Druze
1090:headed the delegation to announce to
871:which served the Jewish community of
768:convicted and sentenced him to death
8862:1995 Azerbaijani coup d'état attempt
7157:Sührablı Kavanoz Nişancı Ahmed Pasha
5950:
5631:
5540:
5391:from the original on 28 October 2021
5346:from the original on 27 October 2021
4815:Modern Armenia people, nation, state
4800:The History of the Armenian Genocide
4567:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 341.
4553:
4541:from the original on 11 October 2022
4474:from the original on 3 November 2020
4392:
4199:from the original on 5 November 2013
4168:from the original on 31 January 2022
4079:from the original on 25 October 2012
3706:
3637:from the original on 5 November 2022
3522:from the original on 29 October 2021
3036:The Armenian Genocide in Perspective
2696:- Note that he was known as "Talaat
2680:
2656:
2406:, and Saracoğlu. With this gesture,
2287:With most CUP leaders in exile, the
2031:
1750:Muslim expulsions of the Balkan Wars
1657:Corpses of massacred Armenians, 1918
1614:
1355:, formed a group later known as the
1312:Union and Progress regime: 1913–1918
10558:Politicians from the Ottoman Empire
10518:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk negotiators
10493:Recipients of Ottoman royal pardons
9949:May 1915 Triple Entente declaration
9637:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
9419:May 1915 Triple Entente declaration
7079:Köprülü Amcazade Hacı Hüseyin Pasha
6251:Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha
5657:The Last Days of the Ottoman Empire
4529:Tavernice, Sabrina (9 March 2009).
3777:Zürcher, Erik Jan (13 April 2019).
3311:
3282:. London: John Murray. p. 67.
3251:
3208:Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
2323:Bir Talât gider, bin Talât yetişir.
2026:
1002:Young Turk Revolution and aftermath
24:
9711:1843 and 1846 massacres in Hakkari
9442:National Armenian Relief Committee
8533:Nationalist and Conservative Party
6413:Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger
6103:Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
5597:from the original on 17 March 2023
5299:from the original on 17 March 2023
5008:from the original on 15 March 2023
4289:from the original on 17 March 2023
4044:from the original on 17 March 2023
3500:
3363:
2760:from the original on 23 April 2021
2249:Monitoring by British intelligence
2013:Bulgaria capitulated to the allies
1864:Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
1829:) died during World War I and the
823:Mehmed Talaat was born in 1874 in
658:, and the power struggle with the
630:, he was elected as a deputy from
606:Talaat was an early member of the
61:, and there is no family name.
25:
10624:
10004:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora
9578:Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day
8962:Confiscation of Armenian property
8832:Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul
8480:Republican Villagers Nation Party
7439:Darendeli Cebecizade Mehmed Pasha
6233:Mahmudoğlu Nizamüddin Ahmed Pasha
6227:Hacıkemaleddinoğlu Alaeddin Pasha
6107:4 February 1917 – 8 October 1918
6053:4 February 1913 – 8 October 1918
5988:
5531:, p. 182, 2008, Karnac Books Ltd
5377:Bardakçı, Murat (24 April 2009).
4920:from the original on 8 March 2009
4455:
4138:Yale Journal of International Law
4067:Demourian, Avet (25 April 2009).
3719:from the original on 5 March 2016
3627:"Committee of Union and Progress"
2541:Talaat Pasha was a member of the
1987:to Ottoman rule after their loss
1698:He then issued the order for the
1625:A report presented to Talaat and
796:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
766:Ottoman Special Military Tribunal
666:disillusioned with multicultural
494:Ottoman Special Military Tribunal
320:Member of the Chamber of Deputies
217:August 1909 – March 1911
10583:Assassinated Turkish politicians
7496:
7355:Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha
6947:Bıyıklı Koca Derviş Mehmed Pasha
6287:Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger
6275:Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder
6164:
6151:
6080:November 1914 – 4 February 1917
5934:Presses Universitaires de France
5521:
5509:from the original on 28 May 2022
5495:
5469:
5444:
5370:
5327:
5272:
5223:
5020:
4981:
4952:from the original on 26 May 2022
4932:
4881:
4856:
4805:
4792:
4689:
4374:from the original on 7 July 2022
4341:. Doubleday, Page. p. 339.
4311:Talât Paşa'nın evrak-ı metrûkesi
4030:. Lexington Books. p. 130.
3624:
3000:. For more see: Michael Newton,
2977:, Henry Holt and Company, 2010,
2935:. Psychology Press. p. 96.
2494:
2355:, along with the former head of
2127:, Talaat declined, arguing that
2064:that night where they landed in
1993:Caucasian states signed in Batum
1931:, and appointed a loyal friend,
1789:deportation of the Pontus Greeks
1756:in abandoned Armenian property.
1094:of his ascension to the throne.
926:and began a correspondence with
9886:Committee of Union and Progress
9366:Committee of Union and Progress
9055:Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
8459:Committee of Union and Progress
8408:Turkish Resistance Organisation
7586:Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha
7061:Bozoklu (Bıyıklı) Mustafa Pasha
7055:Merzifonlu Çalık Hacı Ali Pasha
6263:Osmancıklı Imamzade Halil Pasha
5334:Özberk, Ferdi (13 March 2021).
4522:
4449:
4352:
4328:
4301:
4262:
4180:
4121:
4060:
3770:
3700:
3618:
3332:
3224:
3196:
3139:
3118:
3084:
3076:. 17 March 2014. Archived from
3025:
2991:
2964:
1774:Meanwhile, deportations of the
1318:Committee of Union and Progress
1145:and his more revolutionary and
911:Committee of Union and Progress
890:, Talaat's friend and Unionist
879:Activism against Abdul Hamid II
608:Committee of Union and Progress
10533:Armenian genocide perpetrators
10009:Assyrian independence movement
9868:Military of the Ottoman Empire
9070:Hamidian massacres (1894–1897)
8998:Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez!
8867:Zirve Publishing House murders
8857:Assassination of Kemal Türkler
8822:1957 arson attack at Tahtakale
7235:Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha
7037:Tekirdağlı Bekri Mustafa Pasha
5960:. Princeton University Press.
4988:Yalçın, Hüseyin Cahit (1943).
4812:Libaridian, Gerald J. (2007).
4335:Morgenthau, Henry Sr. (1919).
4187:Josh Belzman (23 April 2006).
2866:
2847:
2825:
2801:
2798:, p. xi, 22–23, 247, 333.
2719:
2673:
2646:
2581:Germany committed against Jews
2430:
2075:on 10 November, the day after
1873:. Like first president of the
1836:
1548:were successful in securing a
1516:Ottoman entry into World War I
1494:to prepare for the arrests of
1199:Minister of Post and Telegraph
831:into a middle-class family of
788:assassinated in Berlin in 1921
701:. During World War I, he
610:(CUP), eventually leading its
13:
1:
10508:Ottoman people of World War I
10019:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
9733:Ottoman Empire in World War I
9477:Assassination of Talaat Pasha
9106:Ottoman Empire in World War I
7049:Bahadırzade Arabacı Ali Pasha
7007:Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha
6731:Sokolluzade Lala Mehmed Pasha
4338:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
3796:10.1080/00263206.2019.1590820
3510:Boyutu, Yazı (8 April 2012).
3380:Turkey in the First World War
3093:For more see: Eric Bogosian,
2973:For more see: David Fromkin,
2707:
2426:Personality and relationships
2365:August von Platen-Hallermünde
2275:State funeral of Talaat Pasha
2271:Assassination of Talaat Pasha
2239:Central Committee of Ittihadd
2200:on 4 November 1918 after the
2129:Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk)
1952:, Talaat reproached with the
1599:. But Enver Pasha's decisive
1570:a naval strike against Russia
1502:to protect themselves as the
780:Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk)
764:fled the Ottoman Empire. The
742:occupied by Russia since 1878
721:; these events initiated the
709:of Armenian intellectuals in
436:Monument of Liberty, Istanbul
10578:Assassinated revolutionaries
10483:Deaths by firearm in Germany
9075:Young Turk Revolution (1908)
8847:Political violence in Turkey
7568:Çelebizade Şerif Hasan Pasha
7271:Silahdar Seyyid Mehmed Pasha
7013:Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha
6689:Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha
6245:Sinanüddin Fakih Yusuf Pasha
5975:Tunaya, Tarık Zafer (1952).
5688:10.1080/14683849.2011.572627
3146:Galip, Özlem Belçim (2020).
2712:
2688:
2667:
2215:occupation of Constantinople
2186:Istanbul trials of 1919–1920
2125:Turkish nationalist movement
1942:, as its head. In a play of
1761:Assyrian Christian community
1556:. Following the sale of the
1550:secret alliance with Germany
1331:Talaat in diplomatic costume
818:
784:Turkey's War of Independence
719:Temporary Law of Deportation
601:Minister of Interior Affairs
7:
10593:Greek genocide perpetrators
9647:Hitler's Armenian reference
9642:Assassination of Hrant Dink
9517:The Forty Days of Musa Dagh
8877:Assassination of Hrant Dink
8782:Turkish War of Independence
8312:Turkish Cypriot nationalism
7910:Şirvanlı Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha
7241:Silahdar Damat Mehmet Pasha
7229:Tevkii Nişancı Mehmed Pasha
7169:Kalaylıkoz Hacı Ahmed Pasha
7043:Köprülü Fazıl Mustafa Pasha
6026:20th Century Press Archives
5981:Political Parties in Turkey
5282:Başverenler, başkaldıranlar
4269:Hewitt, William L. (2004).
4248:. Oxford University Press.
3160:10.1007/978-3-030-59400-8_2
3004:, Faber & Faber, 2012,
2854:Rosenbaum, Alan S. (2001).
2738:. Oxford University Press.
2627:
2340:Alter St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof
2162:Galip Kemali (Söylemezoğlu)
2134:Turkish War of Independence
1922:reforms by Atatürk's regime
988:of the internal CUP, while
853:1877–1878 Russo-Turkish war
829:Adrianople (Edirne) Vilayet
10:
10629:
8837:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
8490:Nationalist Movement Party
8012:Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha
7844:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha
7832:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha
7790:Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha
7487:Kethüda Meyyit Hasan Pasha
7433:Moralı Derviş Mehmed Pasha
7391:Silahdar Hamza Mahir Pasha
7349:Silahdar Bıyıklı Ali Pasha
7325:Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha
6833:Filibeli Hafız Ahmed Pasha
6737:Boşnak Derviş Mehmed Pasha
6563:Transformation (1550–1700)
5977:Türkiye'de Siyasi Partiler
5836:Princeton University Press
5625:
2268:
2183:
2108:, Talaat reconnected with
1991:. Another treaty with the
1908:and secularism in Ottoman
1840:
1618:
1513:
1345:Ottoman Empire's surrender
1341:Said Halim Pasha's cabinet
1315:
1241:", which was the original
1038:featured political parties
847:. Talaat's family fled to
567:activist, politician, and
38:
29:
10219:
10138:
10130:Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu
10067:
9986:
9941:
9860:
9839:
9751:
9698:
9612:
9546:Witnesses and testimonies
9538:
9492:
9452:
9411:
9358:
9295:
9250:
9119:
9047:
8972:Denial of Kurds by Turkey
8900:
8737:
8561:
8538:Rights and Equality Party
8467:Republican People's Party
8441:
8335:
8317:Turkish-Islamic synthesis
8239:
7628:Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha
7592:Kör Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha
7557:
7509:
7494:
7475:Hazinedar Şahin Ali Pasha
7313:Tiryaki Hacı Mehmed Pasha
7277:Muhsinzade Abdullah Pasha
7140:
7092:
7001:Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha
6570:
6522:
6348:
6341:Classical Age (1453–1550)
6300:
6222:
6174:
6109:
6100:
6092:
6082:
6073:
6065:
6055:
6048:
6042:
6037:
6015:10 September 2016 at the
4892:. Routledge. p. 41.
4888:Kedourie, Sylvia (1996).
4024:Steven L. Jacobs (2009).
2564:
2359:, the ex-director of the
2265:Assassination and funeral
2172:After the failure of the
2079:fled the city due to the
1707:or after. Meanwhile, the
1530:Second Constitutional Era
1386:another peace with Greece
1382:Constantinople conference
1291:national unity government
1287:Raid on the Sublime Porte
1260:fell soon after when the
951:Ottoman Freedom Committee
869:Alliance Israelite School
646:the next year during the
546:
542:
538:
530:
518:
513:
499:
489:
477:
473:
469:
461:
451:
441:
431:
422:Manner of death
421:
401:
370:
365:
361:
336:
325:
318:
299:
287:
277:
266:
259:
247:
235:
221:
210:
198:
179:
167:
156:
149:
137:
125:
111:
100:
93:
89:
80:
68:
9268:Post-genocide population
8992:Armenian genocide denial
8757:1913 Ottoman coup d'état
8518:Independent Turkey Party
8252:Atatürk personality cult
7730:Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha
7718:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha
7700:Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha
7379:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha
7373:Tevkii Hamza Hamid Pasha
7361:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha
7331:Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha
7217:Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha
6989:Boynuyaralı Mehmed Pasha
6863:Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha
6809:Gürcü Hadım Mehmed Pasha
5808:Harvard University Press
5765:Kiepenheuer & Witsch
5279:Ergun Hiçyılmaz (1993).
4863:Herbert, Aubrey (1925).
4367:Brigham Young University
4308:Bardakçı, Murat (2008).
4242:de Waal, Thomas (2015).
4128:Dadrian, Vahakn (1989).
2886:Harvard University Press
2856:Is the Holocaust Unique?
2734:; Gerry Simpson (eds.).
2726:Balint Jennifer (2013).
2639:
2513:Lycée Notre Dame de Sion
2217:, İzzet Pasha resigned.
2146:Abdülkadir Cami (Baykut)
2007:. Simultaneously on the
1831:total Ottoman war deaths
1791:of the Black Sea coast.
1648:defence of the Bosphorus
1597:the declaration of Jihad
1274:Rumelian Muslim refugees
1210:Freedom and Accord Party
1195:Freedom and Accord Party
1161:Talaat with CUP leaders
1153:Crisis for the committee
1103:Minister of the Interior
997:Rise to power: 1908–1913
660:Freedom and Accord Party
640:Minister of the Interior
585:Union and Progress Party
485:Premeditated mass murder
456:Union and Progress Party
426:Assassination by gunshot
151:Minister of the Interior
10568:Turkish revolutionaries
10061:Party leaders in Turkey
9928:Aziz Feyzi Pirinççizâde
9812:Flavianus Michael Malke
9433:Foreign aid and relief
9258:Pre-genocide population
9096:1914 Greek deportations
8957:Citizen, speak Turkish!
8398:Turkish Revenge Brigade
8247:16 Great Turkic Empires
8120:Gazi Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
7688:Mehmed Said Galip Pasha
7562:Hassan Pasha of Algiers
7463:Yeğen Hacı Mehmed Pasha
7421:Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha
7385:Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha
7247:Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha
6845:Gazi Ekrem Hüsrev Pasha
6821:Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha
6623:Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha
6605:Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha
6455:Dukakinzade Ahmed Pasha
6086:Abdurrahman Vefik Sayın
5655:Gingeras, Ryan (2022).
5577:Muammer Kaylan (2005).
5027:Cansun, Şebnem (2020).
4465:University of Amsterdam
4365:Harold B. Lee Library,
2381:Grand National Assembly
2297:Talaat was assassinated
2101:Socialist International
1879:Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk)
1270:Adrianople was besieged
949:In September 1906, the
913:(CUP), a revolutionary
762:CUP's central committee
734:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
306:Abdurrahman Vefik Sayın
9964:Paris Peace Conference
9620:Late Ottoman genocides
9412:International response
8913:Turkish History Thesis
8892:Murder of Deniz Poyraz
8807:Racism-Turanism trials
7778:Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha
7760:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
7736:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
7724:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
7712:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
7646:Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha
7211:Kel Hoca Ibrahim Pasha
7205:Nişancı Süleyman Pasha
7145:Daltaban Mustafa Pasha
7133:Old Regime (1700–1789)
7025:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha II
6977:Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha
6881:Kemankeş Mustafa Pasha
6653:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha
6635:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha
6617:Kanijeli Siyavuş Pasha
6461:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha
6437:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha
6407:Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha
6269:Amasyalı Bayezid Pasha
6257:Çandarlızade Ali Pasha
4914:"Operationnemesis.com"
4359:Morgenthau, Henry Sr.
3783:Middle Eastern Studies
3204:Talât Paşa'nın anıları
2821:pp. 165, 186–187.
2693:
2625:
2559:spies of Yıldız Palace
2443:
2416:Hüseyin Cahit (Yalçın)
2322:
2284:
2205:
2083:. The new chancellor,
2041:
1889:
1855:
1746:
1724:
1696:
1658:
1525:
1524:Ottoman Empire in 1914
1364:Grand Vizier in 1917.
1332:
1280:'s government started
1170:
895:
815:
707:arrest and deportation
573:
569:convicted war criminal
465:Hayriye Talaat Bafralı
10468:People from Kardzhali
10080:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
9722:Young Turk Revolution
9142:20 Hunchakian gallows
9091:1914 Armenian reforms
9080:Adana massacre (1909)
8940:1934 Resettlement Law
8777:Deportations of Kurds
8699:Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu
8649:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
8528:People's Ascent Party
8428:Youth Union of Turkey
8423:Sultan Murad Division
8393:Peace at Home Council
7880:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
7850:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
7826:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
7802:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
7772:Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha
7622:Çavuşbaşı Memiş Pasha
7616:Alemdar Mustafa Pasha
7415:Silahdar Mehmed Pasha
7319:Seyyid Abdullah Pasha
6983:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I
6965:Ermeni Süleyman Pasha
6929:Abaza Siyavuş Pasha I
6905:Hezarpare Ahmed Pasha
6893:Nevesinli Salih Pasha
6803:Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha
6485:Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
6389:Karamani Mehmed Pasha
6050:Minister of Interior
5230:Akçam, Taner (2012).
4699:Ohio State University
3231:Timur, Taner (2000).
3112:17 March 2023 at the
3097:, Hachette UK, 2015,
3053:17 March 2023 at the
3019:17 March 2023 at the
2841:Yale University Press
2620:
2485:Eliftherios Venizelos
2438:
2309:cursory two-day trial
2282:
2193:
2156:sent the ambassadors
2039:
1929:Ministry of Rationing
1887:
1871:European civilization
1850:
1741:
1733:Henry Morgenthau, Sr.
1722:
1692:
1656:
1633:) by Dashnak members
1523:
1413:Karekin Pastermadjian
1330:
1191:Karekin Pastermadjian
1160:
1030:election was held for
1012:Young Turk Revolution
886:
813:
806:Early life: 1874–1908
705:on 24 April 1915 the
628:Young Turk Revolution
10573:Assassinated viziers
10563:Turkish nationalists
10352:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
10125:Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ
9873:Special Organization
9786:Near East Foundation
9437:Near East Foundation
9403:Special Organization
9161:Concentration camps
9111:Battle of Sarikamish
8604:Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
8277:Nine Lights Doctrine
8132:Mahmud Shevket Pasha
7652:Dervish Mehmed Pasha
7634:Laz Aziz Ahmed Pasha
7610:Çelebi Mustafa Pasha
7445:Kalafat Mehmed Pasha
7409:Ivazzade Halil Pasha
7403:Moldovancı Ali Pasha
7343:Naili Abdullah Pasha
7193:Baltaji Mehmet Pasha
7175:Baltaji Mehmet Pasha
6995:Köprülü Mehmed Pasha
6959:Kara Dev Murad Pasha
6941:Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha
6779:Ohrili Hüseyin Pasha
6593:Sokollu Mehmed Pasha
6503:Hadım Suleiman Pasha
5640:. pp. 151–169.
4467:. pp. 217–226.
3740:, pp. 137, 140.
3210:. 2000. p. 27.
2349:Richard von Kühlmann
2180:Trial and conviction
2142:Halide Edip (Adıvar)
1973:Brest-Litovsk treaty
1843:Talaat Pasha cabinet
1800:deportation of Kurds
1605:failure to take Suez
1601:defeat in Sarikamish
1510:Entering World War I
1504:Special Organisation
1390:Mahmud Celal (Bayar)
1165:and Enver Pasha and
1043:A year later in the
776:Turkish Nationalists
677:In 1913, Talaat and
672:Turkish nationalists
662:made Talaat and the
10407:Temel Karamollaoğlu
10392:Selahattin Demirtaş
10267:Hüsamettin Cindoruk
9994:Assyrians in Turkey
9942:Cultural depictions
9807:Shamoun Hanna Haydo
9693:(Assyrian genocide)
9494:Cultural depictions
9345:Rescue of Armenians
9263:Genocide casualties
9101:Congress at Erzerum
9065:Turkish nationalism
8935:Animal name changes
8797:1934 Thrace pogroms
8659:Mahmut Esat Bozkurt
8513:Bright Turkey Party
8495:Nation Party (1992)
8485:Nation Party (1962)
8475:Nation Party (1948)
8292:Sun Language Theory
8233:Turkish nationalism
8108:Ibrahim Hakki Pasha
8102:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha
8090:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha
7970:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
7946:Ibrahim Edhem Pasha
7934:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
7898:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
7874:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
7838:Mehmed Rushdi Pasha
7820:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
7814:Mustafa Naili Pasha
7808:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
7796:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
7784:Mustafa Naili Pasha
7766:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
7754:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
7748:Ibrahim Sarim Pasha
7742:Mustafa Reşid Pasha
7676:Deli Abdullah Pasha
7604:Ibrahim Hilmi Pasha
7337:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
7301:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
7295:Nişancı Ahmed Pasha
7259:Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
7187:Köprülü Numan Pasha
7031:Ayaşlı Ismail Pasha
7019:Sarı Süleyman Pasha
6953:Ibşir Mustafa Pasha
6875:Tayyar Mehmed Pasha
6827:Çerkes Mehmed Pasha
6719:Yemişçi Hasan Pasha
6713:Damat Ibrahim Pasha
6707:Cerrah Mehmed Pasha
6695:Damat Ibrahim Pasha
6683:Damat Ibrahim Pasha
6665:Serdar Ferhad Pasha
6647:Serdar Ferhad Pasha
6076:Minister of Finance
5952:Suny, Ronald Grigor
5932:] (in French).
5860:Die Welt des Islams
5730:10.51442/ijags.0009
5367:, pp. 381–385.
4626:, pp. 362–363.
4602:, pp. 322–323.
4507:, pp. 260–261.
4431:, pp. 257–258.
4011:, pp. 228–229.
3999:, pp. 225–226.
3963:, pp. 191–192.
3939:, pp. 170–171.
3713:İslâm Ansiklopedisi
3038:, Routledge, 2017,
2862:. pp. 122–123.
2441:Monument of Liberty
2420:Monument of Liberty
2377:Kemalist government
2295:. On 15 March 1921
2158:Bekir Sami (Kunduh)
2138:Tevfik Rüştü (Aras)
2106:Sparticist uprising
2093:Ernst-Reuter Square
2081:November Revolution
2021:Armistice of Mudros
1950:Balfour Declaration
1902:Temporal Family Law
1898:Istanbul University
1875:succeeding republic
1595:by capitalizing on
1428:Vartkes Serengülian
1394:deportations of Rûm
1359:. These men were a
1323:Consolidating power
1229:with Midhat Şükrü,
1187:Vartkes Serengülian
1183:İbrahim Hakkı Pasha
1073:Mahmud Şevket Pasha
1034:Chamber of Deputies
944:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha
936:Salonika Law School
892:Minister of Finance
687:Mahmud Şevket Pasha
636:Chamber of Deputies
614:chapter during the
261:Minister of Finance
230:Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha
226:İbrahim Hakkı Pasha
18:Mehmed Talaat Pasha
10598:Murdered criminals
10553:People from Edirne
10538:Sayfo perpetrators
10382:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
10272:Aydın Güven Gürkan
9977:The Last Assyrians
9716:Hamidian massacres
9484:Treaty of Lausanne
9350:Turkish opposition
8952:The Twenty Classes
8918:Place name changes
8872:Gezi Park protests
8817:Battle of Tillyria
8752:Hamidian massacres
8614:Ali bey Huseynzade
8186:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
8174:Salih Hulusi Pasha
8156:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
8144:Mehmed Talat Pasha
8096:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
8072:Mehmed Ferid Pasha
7964:Mehmed Sadık Pasha
7928:Mahmud Nedim Pasha
7916:Hüseyin Avni Pasha
7886:Mahmud Nedim Pasha
7706:Reşid Mehmed Pasha
7694:Mehmed Selim Pasha
7682:Silahdar Ali Pasha
7664:Benderli Ali Pasha
7598:Hafiz Ismail Pasha
7580:Melek Mehmed Pasha
7457:Izzet Mehmed Pasha
7427:Izzet Mehmed Pasha
7307:Seyyid Hasan Pasha
7283:Yeğen Mehmed Pasha
7265:Gürcü Ismail Pasha
7073:Elmas Mehmed Pasha
6971:Gazi Hüseyin Pasha
6935:Gürcü Mehmed Pasha
6815:Mere Hüseyin Pasha
6797:Mere Hüseyin Pasha
6743:Kuyucu Murad Pasha
6449:Koca Mustafa Pasha
6038:Political offices
5826:Kieser, Hans-Lukas
5450:Angelo Iacovella,
5102:, pp. 99–100.
4224:The New York Times
3339:Kieser, Hans-Lukas
3327:Kieser, Hans-Lukas
3258:Kieser, Hans-Lukas
2587:under discussion.
2444:
2414:. Talaat's friend
2313:temporary insanity
2305:Soghomon Tehlirian
2285:
2219:Ahmet Tevfik Pasha
2206:
2194:The front page of
2042:
1890:
1856:
1725:
1659:
1603:and Cemal Pasha's
1586:Sultanahmet Square
1582:Lebanon's autonomy
1526:
1333:
1306:relieve Adrianople
1258:Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
1247:Sultanahmet Square
1171:
1088:Ahmed Muhtar Pasha
1053:Khachatur Malumian
1049:Ahmed Tevfik Pasha
1036:, which this time
896:
816:
794:, a member of the
792:Soghomon Tehlirian
730:Ottoman government
571:who served as the
242:Mehmed Ferid Pasha
30:For the book, see
10445:
10444:
10367:Yaşar Nuri Öztürk
10357:İsmail Cem İpekçi
10277:Ülkü Söylemezoğlu
10247:Ahmet Nusret Tuna
10201:Necmettin Erbakan
10027:
10026:
9999:Assyrians in Iraq
9847:Defence of Iwardo
9835:
9834:
9738:Armenian genocide
9706:Assyrian homeland
9655:
9654:
9583:100th anniversary
9472:Operation Nemesis
9246:
9245:
9060:Armenian question
9041:Armenian genocide
9007:
9006:
8908:Atatürk's reforms
8787:Elza Niego affair
8772:Assyrian genocide
8767:Armenian genocide
8674:Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu
8624:Zeki Velidi Togan
8599:Noman Çelebicihan
8508:Great Unity Party
8413:Turkists of Gebze
8368:Counter-Guerrilla
8343:9 September Front
8257:Idealism (Turkey)
8199:
8198:
8195:
8194:
8180:Damat Ferid Pasha
8162:Damat Ferid Pasha
8150:Ahmed Izzet Pasha
8114:Mehmed Said Pasha
8078:Mehmed Said Pasha
8066:Mehmed Said Pasha
8060:Halil Rifat Pasha
8048:Mehmed Said Pasha
8042:Ahmed Cevad Pasha
8030:Mehmed Said Pasha
8024:Ahmed Vefik Pasha
8018:Mehmed Said Pasha
8006:Mehmed Said Pasha
7994:Mehmed Said Pasha
7988:Ahmed Arifi Pasha
7958:Ahmed Vefik Pasha
7952:Ahmed Hamdi Pasha
7868:Mehmed Fuad Pasha
7862:Yusuf Kamil Pasha
7856:Mehmed Fuad Pasha
7505:
7504:
7469:Halil Hamid Pasha
7289:Ivaz Mehmed Pasha
7253:Topal Osman Pasha
7181:Çorlulu Ali Pasha
7163:Damat Hasan Pasha
7151:Rami Mehmed Pasha
7088:
7087:
7067:Sürmeli Ali Pasha
6923:Melek Ahmed Pasha
6911:Sofu Mehmed Pasha
6857:Topal Recep Pasha
6851:Hafiz Ahmed Pasha
6839:Damat Halil Pasha
6773:Güzelce Ali Pasha
6767:Öküz Mehmed Pasha
6761:Damat Halil Pasha
6755:Öküz Mehmed Pasha
6701:Hadım Hasan Pasha
6671:Lala Mehmed Pasha
6629:Hadim Mesih Pasha
6599:Semiz Ahmed Pasha
6518:
6517:
6491:Ayas Mehmed Pasha
6479:Piri Mehmed Pasha
6467:Hadım Sinan Pasha
6383:Gedik Ahmed Pasha
6377:Veli Mahmud Pasha
6359:Veli Mahmud Pasha
6296:
6295:
6119:
6118:
6113:Ahmed Izzet Pasha
6110:Succeeded by
6083:Succeeded by
6056:Succeeded by
5967:978-1-4008-6558-1
5943:978-2-13-062617-6
5922:Nichanian, Mikaël
5845:978-0-691-15762-7
5817:978-0-674-50479-0
5774:978-3-462-03468-4
5666:978-0-241-44432-0
5647:978-3-412-23406-5
5590:978-1-61592-897-2
5241:978-0-691-15956-0
4574:978-1-78831-241-7
4227:. 8 August 1916.
4037:978-0-7391-3589-1
3707:Hanioğlu, Şükrü.
3555:, pp. 82–83.
3543:, pp. 85–86.
3410:, pp. 46–49.
3289:978-0-7195-6592-2
3244:978-975-533-318-2
3217:978-975-458-195-9
3169:978-3-030-59400-8
2817:. New York City:
2686:
2679:Ottoman Turkish:
2665:
2592:Hans-Lukas Kieser
2551:Macedonia Risorta
2507:girl from Yanya (
2404:Ahmet Emin Yalman
2353:Arthur Zimmermann
2293:Operation Nemesis
2227:Damat Ferid Pasha
2154:Ankara government
2144:, Celal (Bayar),
2077:Kaiser Wilhelm II
2032:Escape to Germany
2017:Ahmed İzzet Pasha
2005:Palestinian front
1962:loss of Jerusalem
1621:Armenian genocide
1615:Armenian genocide
1534:Ahmet İzzet Pasha
1436:Armenian question
1417:Bedros Hallachian
1378:Second Balkan War
1131:Hans-Lukas Kieser
1115:Ottoman Palestine
1059:, hid Talaat and
1045:31 March Incident
986:secretary-general
924:Macedonia Risorta
800:Operation Nemesis
723:Armenian genocide
648:31 March Incident
638:and later became
597:Armenian genocide
563:, was an Ottoman
550:
549:
525:Ottoman Armenians
144:Ahmed Izzet Pasha
16:(Redirected from
10620:
10317:Murat Karayalçın
10297:Yıldırım Akbulut
10176:Turhan Feyzioğlu
10171:Alparslan Türkeş
10166:Süleyman Demirel
10161:Mehmet Ali Aybar
10054:
10047:
10040:
10031:
10030:
9970:The Hidden Pearl
9852:Defense of Azakh
9792:
9791:
9682:
9675:
9668:
9659:
9658:
9600:notable visitors
9573:Hidden Armenians
9502:Ravished Armenia
9424:Imperial Germany
9333:Shabin-Karahisar
9305:Armenian militia
9273:Hidden Armenians
9183:
9182:
9034:
9027:
9020:
9011:
9010:
8842:Beyazıt massacre
8669:Abulfaz Elchibey
8664:Alparslan Türkeş
8504:
8471:
8463:
8462:(Ottoman Empire)
8455:
8454:(Ottoman Empire)
8287:Racism in Turkey
8226:
8219:
8212:
8203:
8202:
8138:Said Halim Pasha
7922:Ahmed Esad Pasha
7904:Ahmed Esad Pasha
7670:Hacı Salih Pasha
7658:Seyyid Ali Pasha
7574:Koca Yusuf Pasha
7534:
7527:
7520:
7511:
7510:
7500:
7481:Koca Yusuf Pasha
7367:Koca Ragıp Pasha
7223:Hacı Halil Pasha
7117:
7110:
7103:
7094:
7093:
6917:Kara Murat Pasha
6791:Kara Davud Pasha
6677:Koca Sinan Pasha
6659:Koca Sinan Pasha
6641:Koca Sinan Pasha
6611:Koca Sinan Pasha
6575:Kara Ahmed Pasha
6547:
6540:
6533:
6524:
6523:
6401:Koca Davud Pasha
6365:Rum Mehmed Pasha
6325:
6318:
6311:
6302:
6301:
6215:Rise (1299–1453)
6199:
6192:
6185:
6176:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6155:
6145:
6138:
6131:
6122:
6121:
6096:Said Halim Pasha
6093:Preceded by
6069:Mehmet Cavit Bey
6066:Preceded by
6059:Mustafa Arif Bey
6043:Preceded by
6035:
6034:
5984:
5971:
5947:
5917:
5891:
5849:
5821:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5783:
5762:
5742:
5732:
5712:
5699:
5670:
5651:
5619:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5574:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5532:
5527:Alayaria, Aida;
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5499:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5473:
5467:
5461:
5455:
5448:
5442:
5436:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5425:
5416:. Archived from
5410:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5396:
5374:
5368:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5306:
5304:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5258:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5179:
5173:
5167:
5161:
5155:
5149:
5143:
5134:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5097:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5073:
5064:
5058:
5045:
5044:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4948:. 20 June 2016.
4943:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4860:
4854:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4809:
4803:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4728:. Archived from
4722:
4716:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4693:
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4615:
4609:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4560:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4473:
4462:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4432:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4167:
4134:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4098:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4073:The Boston Globe
4064:
4058:
4057:
4051:
4049:
4021:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3798:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3704:
3698:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3507:
3498:
3492:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3372:
3361:
3351:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3309:
3303:
3294:
3293:
3272:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3143:
3137:
3122:
3116:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3080:on 7 April 2014.
3066:
3057:
3029:
3023:
2995:
2989:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2928:
2919:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2883:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2723:
2701:
2691:
2685:romanized:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2605:by the Allies.
2489:Erich Ludendorff
2375:". In 1922, the
2325:
2027:Exile: 1918–1921
2009:Macedonian front
1954:Zionist movement
1941:
1860:Said Halim Pasha
1752:, and resettled
1538:Czar Nicholas II
1496:Ottoman Armenian
1432:a reform package
1425:
1366:Erik Jan Zürcher
1302:First Balkan War
1266:First Balkan War
1177:, Cavid, Talat,
1127:Régie des Tabacs
1111:Finance Minister
1055:, leader of the
971:
955:Dr. Midhat Şükrü
865:Turkish language
758:Palestine fronts
652:Rumelian Muslims
578:
534:Around 1 million
521:
500:Criminal penalty
482:
408:
396:
381:1 September 1874
380:
378:
366:Personal details
357:
330:
314:
302:
290:
282:Said Halim Pasha
271:
250:
238:
215:
201:
194:
182:
174:Said Halim Pasha
161:
140:
132:Said Halim Pasha
128:
105:
85:
66:
65:
43:style name, the
21:
10628:
10627:
10623:
10622:
10621:
10619:
10618:
10617:
10448:
10447:
10446:
10441:
10402:Binali Yıldırım
10397:Ahmet Davutoğlu
10387:Numan Kurtulmuş
10292:Necdet Karababa
10215:
10191:Ferruh Bozbeyli
10151:Ragıp Gümüşpala
10134:
10120:Osman Bölükbaşı
10085:Kâzım Karabekir
10063:
10058:
10028:
10023:
10014:Simele massacre
9982:
9937:
9856:
9831:
9795:Notable victims
9790:
9747:
9694:
9686:
9656:
9651:
9608:
9595:Tsitsernakaberd
9534:
9488:
9448:
9407:
9396:Bahaeddin Şakir
9354:
9291:
9242:
9181:
9115:
9043:
9038:
9008:
9003:
8930:Language reform
8896:
8812:Istanbul pogrom
8802:Dersim massacre
8739:
8733:
8714:Yusuf Halaçoğlu
8704:Kemal Kerinçsiz
8584:Kâzım Karabekir
8557:
8548:Patriotic Party
8502:
8469:
8461:
8453:
8443:
8437:
8403:Turkish Hearths
8388:Ottoman Hearths
8383:Kuva-yi Milliye
8353:Alperen Hearths
8331:
8235:
8230:
8200:
8191:
7982:Hayreddin Pasha
7553:
7538:
7501:
7492:
7199:Ağa Yusuf Pasha
7136:
7121:
7084:
6899:Kara Musa Pasha
6725:Yavuz Ali Pasha
6587:Semiz Ali Pasha
6566:
6551:
6514:
6443:Hadim Ali Pasha
6431:Hadim Ali Pasha
6344:
6329:
6292:
6218:
6203:
6170:
6163:
6149:
6115:
6106:
6098:
6088:
6079:
6071:
6061:
6052:
6046:
6017:Wayback Machine
5991:
5968:
5944:
5914:
5904:Harry N. Abrams
5872:10.2307/1570757
5846:
5818:
5787:
5785:
5781:
5775:
5760:
5710:
5676:Turkish Studies
5667:
5648:
5628:
5623:
5622:
5614:
5610:
5600:
5598:
5591:
5575:
5571:
5563:
5559:
5551:
5547:
5539:
5535:
5526:
5522:
5512:
5510:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5486:
5484:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5462:
5458:
5449:
5445:
5437:
5433:
5423:
5421:
5420:on 5 March 2016
5412:
5411:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5375:
5371:
5363:
5359:
5349:
5347:
5332:
5328:
5320:
5316:
5302:
5300:
5293:
5277:
5273:
5269:, pp. 8–9.
5265:
5261:
5253:
5249:
5242:
5228:
5224:
5216:
5212:
5204:
5200:
5192:
5188:
5180:
5176:
5168:
5164:
5156:
5152:
5144:
5137:
5129:
5125:
5117:
5113:
5103:
5100:Petrossian 2020
5098:
5094:
5086:
5082:
5074:
5067:
5059:
5048:
5041:
5025:
5021:
5011:
5009:
5002:
4986:
4982:
4974:
4965:
4955:
4953:
4946:The Independent
4938:
4937:
4933:
4923:
4921:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4900:
4886:
4882:
4875:
4861:
4857:
4849:
4845:
4835:
4833:
4826:
4810:
4806:
4797:
4793:
4785:
4781:
4773:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4735:
4733:
4732:on 5 March 2016
4724:
4723:
4719:
4711:
4707:
4694:
4690:
4682:
4678:
4670:
4666:
4658:
4654:
4646:
4642:
4634:
4630:
4622:
4618:
4610:
4606:
4598:
4594:
4586:
4582:
4575:
4561:
4554:
4544:
4542:
4527:
4523:
4515:
4511:
4503:
4499:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4460:
4454:
4450:
4442:
4435:
4427:
4423:
4415:
4411:
4403:
4399:
4391:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4357:
4353:
4346:
4344:
4333:
4329:
4322:
4306:
4302:
4292:
4290:
4283:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4240:
4236:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4202:
4200:
4185:
4181:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4132:
4126:
4122:
4115:
4099:
4092:
4082:
4080:
4065:
4061:
4047:
4045:
4038:
4022:
4015:
4007:
4003:
3995:
3991:
3983:
3979:
3971:
3967:
3959:
3955:
3947:
3943:
3935:
3931:
3923:
3919:
3911:
3907:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3883:
3875:
3871:
3863:
3856:
3848:
3844:
3836:
3832:
3824:
3820:
3775:
3771:
3763:
3756:
3748:
3744:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3705:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3681:
3674:
3666:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3640:
3638:
3623:
3619:
3611:
3607:
3599:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3575:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3547:
3539:
3535:
3525:
3523:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3481:
3477:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3406:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3374:
3373:
3364:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3312:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3273:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3229:
3225:
3218:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3170:
3144:
3140:
3123:
3119:
3114:Wayback Machine
3089:
3085:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3055:Wayback Machine
3030:
3026:
3021:Wayback Machine
2996:
2992:
2969:
2965:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2929:
2922:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2880:Fires of hatred
2874:Naimark, Norman
2871:
2867:
2852:
2848:
2830:
2826:
2806:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2754:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2704:
2678:
2674:
2653:Ottoman Turkish
2651:
2647:
2642:
2630:
2567:
2499:Talaat married
2497:
2433:
2428:
2400:Franz von Papen
2392:Şükrü Saracoğlu
2373:Islamic nations
2361:Baghdad railway
2277:
2269:Main articles:
2267:
2251:
2231:exiled to Malta
2188:
2182:
2085:Friedrich Ebert
2034:
2029:
1989:forty years ago
1935:
1910:matrimonial law
1845:
1839:
1623:
1617:
1609:Caucasian front
1528:Throughout the
1518:
1512:
1419:
1337:one-party state
1325:
1320:
1314:
1222:the coup d'état
1218:Minister of War
1214:Savior Officers
1155:
1077:Shaykh al-Islam
1004:
999:
965:
963:İsmail Canbulat
904:a secret police
881:
867:teacher in the
835:, Turkish, and
821:
808:
519:
478:
452:Political party
410:
406:
391:
382:
376:
374:
343:
331:
326:
308:
300:
288:
272:
267:
248:
236:
228:
216:
211:
199:
188:
180:
172:
162:
157:
138:
126:
118:
106:
101:
76:
71:
62:
41:Ottoman Turkish
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10626:
10616:
10615:
10610:
10605:
10603:Bektashi Order
10600:
10595:
10590:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10443:
10442:
10440:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10377:Süleyman Soylu
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10332:Devlet Bahçeli
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10223:
10221:
10217:
10216:
10214:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10186:Mustafa Timisi
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10142:
10140:
10136:
10135:
10133:
10132:
10127:
10122:
10117:
10115:Adnan Menderes
10112:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10092:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10071:
10069:
10065:
10064:
10057:
10056:
10049:
10042:
10034:
10025:
10024:
10022:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9990:
9988:
9984:
9983:
9981:
9980:
9973:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9945:
9943:
9939:
9938:
9936:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9909:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9883:
9881:Kurdish tribes
9877:
9876:
9875:
9864:
9862:
9858:
9857:
9855:
9854:
9849:
9843:
9841:
9837:
9836:
9833:
9832:
9830:
9829:
9824:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9798:
9796:
9789:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9767:
9766:
9755:
9753:
9749:
9748:
9746:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9719:
9713:
9708:
9702:
9700:
9696:
9695:
9685:
9684:
9677:
9670:
9662:
9653:
9652:
9650:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9633:
9632:
9627:
9625:Greek genocide
9622:
9616:
9614:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9606:
9605:
9604:
9603:
9602:
9587:
9586:
9585:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9559:
9558:
9548:
9542:
9540:
9536:
9535:
9533:
9532:
9527:
9520:
9513:
9498:
9496:
9490:
9489:
9487:
9486:
9481:
9480:
9479:
9469:
9464:
9462:Courts-martial
9458:
9456:
9450:
9449:
9447:
9446:
9445:
9444:
9439:
9431:
9429:Press coverage
9426:
9421:
9415:
9413:
9409:
9408:
9406:
9405:
9400:
9399:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9362:
9360:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9341:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
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9315:
9307:
9301:
9299:
9293:
9292:
9290:
9289:
9282:
9277:
9276:
9275:
9265:
9260:
9254:
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9144:
9139:
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9103:
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9014:
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9001:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8946:Varlık Vergisi
8942:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8904:
8902:
8898:
8897:
8895:
8894:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8852:Maraş massacre
8849:
8844:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8827:Sivas massacre
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8792:Zilan massacre
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8762:Greek genocide
8759:
8754:
8749:
8747:Adana massacre
8743:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8732:
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8726:
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8606:
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8594:Ömer Seyfettin
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8565:
8563:
8559:
8558:
8556:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8543:National Party
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8523:Homeland Party
8520:
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:Workers' Party
8497:
8492:
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8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8262:Islamokemalism
8259:
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8237:
8236:
8229:
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8221:
8214:
8206:
8197:
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8190:
8189:
8183:
8177:
8171:
8168:Ali Rıza Pasha
8165:
8159:
8153:
8147:
8141:
8135:
8129:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8105:
8099:
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7545:Ottoman Empire
7537:
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7506:
7503:
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7493:
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7190:
7184:
7178:
7172:
7166:
7160:
7154:
7148:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7128:Ottoman Empire
7120:
7119:
7112:
7105:
7097:
7090:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7076:
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6884:
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6854:
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6824:
6818:
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6806:
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6620:
6614:
6608:
6602:
6596:
6590:
6584:
6578:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6558:Ottoman Empire
6550:
6549:
6542:
6535:
6527:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6506:
6500:
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6404:
6398:
6392:
6386:
6380:
6374:
6368:
6362:
6356:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6336:Ottoman Empire
6328:
6327:
6320:
6313:
6305:
6298:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6290:
6284:
6278:
6272:
6266:
6260:
6254:
6248:
6242:
6236:
6230:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6210:Ottoman Empire
6202:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6179:
6172:
6171:
6161:Ottoman Empire
6148:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6125:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6108:
6099:
6094:
6090:
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6019:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5990:
5989:External links
5987:
5986:
5985:
5972:
5966:
5948:
5942:
5918:
5913:978-1585673346
5912:
5892:
5866:(1/4): 46–56.
5855:
5844:
5822:
5816:
5794:
5773:
5743:
5704:Hofmann, Tessa
5700:
5682:(2): 177–189.
5671:
5665:
5652:
5646:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5608:
5589:
5569:
5567:, p. xii.
5557:
5555:, p. 313.
5545:
5543:, p. 151.
5533:
5520:
5494:
5468:
5456:
5443:
5431:
5402:
5369:
5357:
5326:
5314:
5291:
5271:
5259:
5257:, p. 286.
5247:
5240:
5222:
5220:, p. 214.
5210:
5198:
5196:, p. 329.
5186:
5174:
5172:, p. 419.
5162:
5160:, p. 420.
5150:
5135:
5123:
5111:
5092:
5090:, p. 232.
5080:
5078:, p. 405.
5065:
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5019:
5000:
4980:
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4931:
4905:
4898:
4880:
4873:
4855:
4853:, p. 382.
4843:
4825:978-1412813518
4824:
4804:
4802:, pp. 323–324.
4791:
4789:, p. 381.
4779:
4777:, p. 388.
4767:
4755:
4743:
4717:
4705:
4688:
4686:, p. 385.
4676:
4664:
4662:, p. 379.
4652:
4650:, p. 372.
4640:
4638:, p. 369.
4628:
4616:
4614:, p. 323.
4604:
4592:
4580:
4573:
4552:
4535:New York Times
4521:
4519:, p. 204.
4517:Nichanian 2015
4509:
4497:
4495:, p. 260.
4485:
4448:
4446:, p. 259.
4433:
4421:
4419:, p. 239.
4409:
4407:, p. 292.
4397:
4395:, p. 269.
4385:
4351:
4327:
4321:978-9752895607
4320:
4300:
4281:
4261:
4255:978-0199350711
4254:
4234:
4210:
4179:
4120:
4114:978-1610696883
4113:
4090:
4059:
4036:
4013:
4001:
3989:
3987:, p. 224.
3977:
3975:, p. 222.
3965:
3953:
3951:, p. 215.
3941:
3929:
3927:, p. 208.
3917:
3915:, p. 200.
3905:
3903:, p. 160.
3893:
3891:, p. 177.
3881:
3879:, p. 176.
3869:
3867:, p. 146.
3854:
3852:, p. 144.
3842:
3840:, p. 143.
3830:
3828:, p. 219.
3818:
3789:(6): 897–913.
3769:
3754:
3752:, p. 138.
3742:
3730:
3699:
3697:, p. 125.
3687:
3685:, p. 211.
3672:
3670:, p. 130.
3660:
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3648:
3617:
3615:, p. 117.
3605:
3593:
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3581:
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2948:
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2920:
2905:
2898:
2865:
2860:Westview Press
2846:
2843:. p. 414.
2824:
2819:Holt & Co.
2814:A Shameful Act
2800:
2788:
2771:
2752:
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2711:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2672:
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2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2634:Symon Petliura
2629:
2626:
2571:Raphael Lemkin
2566:
2563:
2543:Bektashi order
2529:Murat Bardakçı
2496:
2493:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2266:
2263:
2259:Aubrey Herbert
2250:
2247:
2181:
2178:
2097:Charlottenburg
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
1918:call to prayer
1906:women's rights
1838:
1835:
1784:Entente powers
1723:Talaat in 1916
1639:Vahan Papazian
1635:Arshak Vramian
1619:Main article:
1616:
1613:
1542:Sergei Sazanov
1514:Main article:
1511:
1508:
1398:Smyrna Vilayet
1324:
1321:
1316:Main article:
1313:
1310:
1239:Ottoman nation
1154:
1151:
1135:Bahattin Şakir
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
990:Bahattin Şakir
900:Abdul Hamid II
880:
877:
849:Constantinople
820:
817:
814:Early portrait
807:
804:
750:Caucasus front
744:, and won the
711:Constantinople
693:(known as the
644:Abdul Hamid II
581:Ottoman Empire
579:leader of the
548:
547:
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543:
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409:(aged 46)
403:
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388:Ottoman Empire
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10427:Muharrem İnce
10425:
10423:
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10418:
10417:Fatih Erbakan
10415:
10413:
10412:Meral Akşener
10410:
10408:
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10307:Doğu Perinçek
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10282:Rahşan Ecevit
10280:
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10258:
10257:Yıldırım Avcı
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10227:Turgut Sunalp
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9485:
9482:
9478:
9475:
9474:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9459:
9457:
9455:
9451:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9434:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9416:
9414:
9410:
9404:
9401:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9368:
9367:
9364:
9363:
9361:
9357:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9310:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9302:
9300:
9298:
9294:
9288:
9287:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9274:
9271:
9270:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9249:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9194:
9191:
9190:
9188:
9184:
9178:
9175:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9152:Forced labour
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9124:
9122:
9118:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9052:
9050:
9046:
9042:
9035:
9030:
9028:
9023:
9021:
9016:
9015:
9012:
9000:
8999:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8947:
8943:
8941:
8938:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8925:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8905:
8903:
8899:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8744:
8742:
8736:
8730:
8729:Bülent Ecevit
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8709:Meral Akşener
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8694:Doğu Perinçek
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8644:Nejdet Sançar
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8619:Ahmet Ağaoğlu
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8566:
8564:
8560:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8524:
8521:
8519:
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8468:
8465:
8460:
8457:
8452:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8440:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8336:Organizations
8334:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8322:Turkification
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8244:
8242:
8238:
8234:
8227:
8222:
8220:
8215:
8213:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8187:
8184:
8181:
8178:
8175:
8172:
8169:
8166:
8163:
8160:
8157:
8154:
8151:
8148:
8145:
8142:
8139:
8136:
8133:
8130:
8127:
8124:
8121:
8118:
8115:
8112:
8109:
8106:
8103:
8100:
8097:
8094:
8091:
8088:
8085:
8082:
8079:
8076:
8073:
8070:
8067:
8064:
8061:
8058:
8055:
8052:
8049:
8046:
8043:
8040:
8037:
8034:
8031:
8028:
8025:
8022:
8019:
8016:
8013:
8010:
8007:
8004:
8001:
7998:
7995:
7992:
7989:
7986:
7983:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7971:
7968:
7965:
7962:
7959:
7956:
7953:
7950:
7947:
7944:
7941:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7926:
7923:
7920:
7917:
7914:
7911:
7908:
7905:
7902:
7899:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7878:
7875:
7872:
7869:
7866:
7863:
7860:
7857:
7854:
7851:
7848:
7845:
7842:
7839:
7836:
7833:
7830:
7827:
7824:
7821:
7818:
7815:
7812:
7809:
7806:
7803:
7800:
7797:
7794:
7791:
7788:
7785:
7782:
7779:
7776:
7773:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7761:
7758:
7755:
7752:
7749:
7746:
7743:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7719:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7707:
7704:
7701:
7698:
7695:
7692:
7689:
7686:
7683:
7680:
7677:
7674:
7671:
7668:
7665:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7653:
7650:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7640:Hurshid Pasha
7638:
7635:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7623:
7620:
7617:
7614:
7611:
7608:
7605:
7602:
7599:
7596:
7593:
7590:
7587:
7584:
7581:
7578:
7575:
7572:
7569:
7566:
7563:
7560:
7559:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7546:
7542:
7541:Grand Viziers
7535:
7530:
7528:
7523:
7521:
7516:
7515:
7512:
7508:
7499:
7488:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7476:
7473:
7470:
7467:
7464:
7461:
7458:
7455:
7452:
7449:
7446:
7443:
7440:
7437:
7434:
7431:
7428:
7425:
7422:
7419:
7416:
7413:
7410:
7407:
7404:
7401:
7398:
7395:
7392:
7389:
7386:
7383:
7380:
7377:
7374:
7371:
7368:
7365:
7362:
7359:
7356:
7353:
7350:
7347:
7344:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7332:
7329:
7326:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7314:
7311:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7293:
7290:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7278:
7275:
7272:
7269:
7266:
7263:
7260:
7257:
7254:
7251:
7248:
7245:
7242:
7239:
7236:
7233:
7230:
7227:
7224:
7221:
7218:
7215:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7197:
7194:
7191:
7188:
7185:
7182:
7179:
7176:
7173:
7170:
7167:
7164:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7129:
7125:
7124:Grand Viziers
7118:
7113:
7111:
7106:
7104:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7091:
7080:
7077:
7074:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6960:
6957:
6954:
6951:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6933:
6930:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6915:
6912:
6909:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6897:
6894:
6891:
6888:
6885:
6882:
6879:
6876:
6873:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6843:
6840:
6837:
6834:
6831:
6828:
6825:
6822:
6819:
6816:
6813:
6810:
6807:
6804:
6801:
6798:
6795:
6792:
6789:
6786:
6785:Dilaver Pasha
6783:
6780:
6777:
6774:
6771:
6768:
6765:
6762:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6717:
6714:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6699:
6696:
6693:
6690:
6687:
6684:
6681:
6678:
6675:
6672:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6645:
6642:
6639:
6636:
6633:
6630:
6627:
6624:
6621:
6618:
6615:
6612:
6609:
6606:
6603:
6600:
6597:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6585:
6582:
6579:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6555:
6554:Grand Viziers
6548:
6543:
6541:
6536:
6534:
6529:
6528:
6525:
6521:
6510:
6507:
6504:
6501:
6498:
6495:
6492:
6489:
6486:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6453:
6450:
6447:
6444:
6441:
6438:
6435:
6432:
6429:
6426:
6423:
6420:
6417:
6414:
6411:
6408:
6405:
6402:
6399:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6387:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6372:
6369:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6357:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6342:
6337:
6333:
6332:Grand Viziers
6326:
6321:
6319:
6314:
6312:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6299:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6270:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6217:
6216:
6211:
6207:
6206:Grand Viziers
6200:
6195:
6193:
6188:
6186:
6181:
6180:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6162:
6158:
6157:Grand Viziers
6154:
6146:
6141:
6139:
6134:
6132:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6114:
6105:
6104:
6097:
6091:
6087:
6078:
6077:
6070:
6064:
6060:
6051:
6045:Hacı Adil Bey
6041:
6036:
6031:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5982:
5978:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5897:
5896:Mango, Andrew
5893:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5856:
5853:
5847:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5832:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5798:Ihrig, Stefan
5795:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5766:
5763:(in German).
5758:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5747:Hosfeld, Rolf
5744:
5740:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5672:
5668:
5662:
5658:
5653:
5649:
5643:
5639:
5638:Böhlau Verlag
5635:
5630:
5629:
5618:, p. 29.
5617:
5612:
5596:
5592:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5573:
5566:
5561:
5554:
5549:
5542:
5537:
5530:
5524:
5508:
5504:
5498:
5482:
5478:
5472:
5466:, p. 44.
5465:
5460:
5453:
5447:
5440:
5435:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5407:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5361:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5330:
5324:, p. 90.
5323:
5318:
5310:
5298:
5294:
5292:9789754053807
5288:
5284:
5283:
5275:
5268:
5263:
5256:
5251:
5243:
5237:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5214:
5208:, p. 62.
5207:
5202:
5195:
5190:
5184:, p. 52.
5183:
5178:
5171:
5166:
5159:
5154:
5148:, p. 76.
5147:
5142:
5140:
5133:, p. 46.
5132:
5127:
5121:, p. 55.
5120:
5115:
5107:
5101:
5096:
5089:
5084:
5077:
5072:
5070:
5063:, p. 10.
5062:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5042:
5040:9786257845212
5036:
5032:
5031:
5023:
5007:
5003:
5001:9786051557564
4997:
4993:
4992:
4984:
4977:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4951:
4947:
4942:
4935:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4901:
4899:0-7146-4718-7
4895:
4891:
4884:
4876:
4874:0-7146-4718-7
4870:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4847:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4817:
4816:
4808:
4801:
4795:
4788:
4783:
4776:
4771:
4765:, p. 18.
4764:
4759:
4753:, p. 16.
4752:
4747:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4714:
4709:
4701:
4700:
4692:
4685:
4680:
4674:, p. 76.
4673:
4672:Gingeras 2022
4668:
4661:
4656:
4649:
4644:
4637:
4632:
4625:
4620:
4613:
4608:
4601:
4596:
4589:
4584:
4576:
4570:
4566:
4559:
4557:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4513:
4506:
4501:
4494:
4489:
4470:
4466:
4459:
4456:Üngör, Umut.
4452:
4445:
4440:
4438:
4430:
4425:
4418:
4413:
4406:
4401:
4394:
4389:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4340:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4183:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4131:
4124:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4097:
4095:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4029:
4028:
4020:
4018:
4010:
4005:
3998:
3993:
3986:
3981:
3974:
3969:
3962:
3957:
3950:
3945:
3938:
3933:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3902:
3897:
3890:
3885:
3878:
3873:
3866:
3861:
3859:
3851:
3846:
3839:
3834:
3827:
3822:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3761:
3759:
3751:
3746:
3739:
3734:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3691:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3669:
3664:
3657:
3652:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3625:Atlı, Altay.
3621:
3614:
3609:
3603:, p. 93.
3602:
3597:
3590:
3585:
3579:, p. 64.
3578:
3573:
3567:, p. 63.
3566:
3561:
3554:
3549:
3542:
3537:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3504:
3497:, p. 75.
3496:
3491:
3485:, p. 74.
3484:
3479:
3473:, p. 72.
3472:
3467:
3465:
3458:, p. 70.
3457:
3452:
3446:, p. 68.
3445:
3440:
3434:, p. 53.
3433:
3428:
3421:
3420:Hanioğlu 2011
3416:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3376:"Talat Pasha"
3371:
3369:
3367:
3360:
3356:
3353:Ahmet Aslan,
3350:
3348:
3341:(2018), p. 43
3340:
3335:
3329:(2018), p. 44
3328:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3276:Mango, Andrew
3271:
3269:
3267:
3260:(2018). p. 41
3259:
3254:
3246:
3240:
3236:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2961:, p. 41.
2960:
2955:
2953:
2944:
2942:0-7146-4718-7
2938:
2934:
2927:
2925:
2918:, p. xi.
2917:
2912:
2910:
2901:
2899:9780674003132
2895:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2759:
2755:
2753:9780199671144
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2718:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2676:
2669:
2668:Mehmed Talʿat
2663:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2608:
2607:Mustafa Kemal
2604:
2600:
2599:revolutionary
2595:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2501:Hayriye Hanım
2495:Personal life
2492:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2472:Alfred Nossig
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:Krikor Zohrab
2459:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:state funeral
2393:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2357:Deutsche Bank
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2210:Ottoman Porte
2203:
2199:
2198:
2192:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:Nuri (Conker)
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2038:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1997:drive on Baku
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1853:Brest Litovsk
1849:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1818:, while some
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1796:Turkification
1792:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:United States
1721:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1705:Syrian Desert
1701:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1629:(governor of
1628:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:Capitulations
1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:Mamuretülaziz
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:Krikor Zohrab
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1371:Turkification
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:Balkan League
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:raison d'être
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:1912 election
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:Halil Menteşe
1176:
1175:Krikor Zohrab
1168:
1167:Alfred Nossig
1164:
1159:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:Dashnak Party
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1009:
994:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
969:
964:
960:
959:Mustafa Rahmi
956:
952:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
916:
912:
907:
905:
901:
893:
889:
885:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
812:
803:
801:
798:, as part of
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:a coup d'état
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
577:
576:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:Mehmed Talaat
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:
523:
517:
512:
508:
507:
502:
498:
495:
492:
488:
484:
481:
480:Conviction(s)
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:
454:
450:
447:
444:
440:
437:
434:
432:Resting place
430:
427:
424:
420:
417:
413:
405:15 March 1921
404:
400:
395:
389:
385:
373:
369:
364:
360:
355:
351:
347:
342:
339:
335:
329:
324:
321:
317:
312:
307:
304:
298:
295:
292:
286:
283:
280:
276:
270:
265:
262:
258:
255:
254:Halil Menteşe
252:
246:
243:
240:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
214:
209:
206:
203:
197:
192:
187:
184:
178:
175:
170:
166:
160:
155:
152:
148:
145:
142:
136:
133:
130:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
104:
99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
75:
70:Mehmed Talaat
67:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:Mehmed Talaat
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
10588:Talaat Pasha
10503:Pan-Turkists
10372:Masum Türker
10327:Hikmet Çetin
10322:Deniz Baykal
10312:Tansu Çiller
10302:Mesut Yılmaz
10287:Mehmet Yazar
10262:Ahmet Tekdal
10252:Cezmi Kartay
10220:1980–present
10196:Behice Boran
10146:Ekrem Alican
10110:Hikmet Bayur
10100:Nuri Demirağ
10075:Talaat Pasha
10074:
9975:
9968:
9923:Simko Shikak
9891:Talaat Pasha
9890:
9861:Perpetrators
9827:Ashur Yousif
9728:Adana (1909)
9688:
9522:
9515:
9501:
9467:Malta exiles
9370:
9359:Perpetrators
9309:By location
9284:
9170:Ra's al-'Ayn
9147:Confiscation
8996:
8944:
8922:
8689:Attilâ İlhan
8634:Papa Eftim I
8609:Yusuf Akçura
8574:Talaat Pasha
8573:
8418:TurkHackTeam
8297:Turkish Left
8143:
7976:Saffet Pasha
7940:Midhat Pasha
7892:Midhat Pasha
7548:
7131:
6869:Bayram Pasha
6581:Rüstem Pasha
6561:
6509:Rüstem Pasha
6339:
6213:
6101:
6074:
6049:
5980:
5976:
5956:
5929:
5925:
5899:
5863:
5859:
5852:Google Books
5830:
5802:
5786:. Retrieved
5756:
5751:
5723:(1): 67–90.
5720:
5714:
5679:
5675:
5656:
5633:
5611:
5599:. Retrieved
5579:
5572:
5560:
5548:
5536:
5528:
5523:
5511:. Retrieved
5497:
5485:. Retrieved
5471:
5459:
5451:
5446:
5441:, p. 4.
5434:
5422:. Retrieved
5418:the original
5393:. Retrieved
5382:
5372:
5360:
5348:. Retrieved
5339:
5329:
5317:
5309:Google Books
5307:– via
5301:. Retrieved
5281:
5274:
5267:Hosfeld 2005
5262:
5250:
5231:
5225:
5213:
5201:
5189:
5177:
5165:
5153:
5146:Hofmann 2020
5126:
5114:
5095:
5083:
5061:Hosfeld 2005
5029:
5022:
5010:. Retrieved
4990:
4983:
4978:, p. 9.
4976:Hosfeld 2005
4954:. Retrieved
4945:
4934:
4922:. Retrieved
4908:
4889:
4883:
4864:
4858:
4846:
4834:. Retrieved
4814:
4807:
4799:
4798:V. Dadrian,
4794:
4782:
4770:
4758:
4751:Hosfeld 2005
4746:
4734:. Retrieved
4730:the original
4720:
4708:
4697:
4691:
4679:
4667:
4655:
4643:
4631:
4619:
4607:
4595:
4583:
4564:
4543:. Retrieved
4534:
4524:
4512:
4500:
4488:
4476:. Retrieved
4464:
4451:
4424:
4412:
4400:
4388:
4376:. Retrieved
4364:
4354:
4342:
4337:
4330:
4310:
4303:
4291:. Retrieved
4271:
4264:
4244:
4237:
4222:
4213:
4201:. Retrieved
4182:
4170:. Retrieved
4142:
4136:
4123:
4107:. ABC-CLIO.
4103:
4081:. Retrieved
4072:
4062:
4053:
4046:. Retrieved
4026:
4004:
3992:
3980:
3968:
3956:
3944:
3932:
3920:
3908:
3896:
3884:
3872:
3845:
3833:
3821:
3786:
3782:
3772:
3745:
3733:
3721:. Retrieved
3712:
3709:"Talat Paşa"
3702:
3690:
3663:
3651:
3639:. Retrieved
3631:Turkey's War
3630:
3620:
3608:
3596:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3536:
3524:. Retrieved
3515:
3490:
3478:
3451:
3439:
3427:
3415:
3388:. Retrieved
3379:
3358:
3354:
3334:
3279:
3253:
3233:
3226:
3206:. Istanbul:
3203:
3198:
3186:. Retrieved
3151:
3141:
3124:
3120:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3078:the original
3073:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2932:
2879:
2868:
2855:
2849:
2836:
2833:Kiernan, Ben
2827:
2812:
2809:Akçam, Taner
2803:
2791:
2786:, p. 2.
2762:. Retrieved
2735:
2732:Kevin Heller
2721:
2675:
2648:
2621:
2613:
2611:
2603:partitioning
2596:
2589:
2585:
2574:
2568:
2555:Grand Master
2540:
2533:
2526:
2498:
2470:
2466:tout ou rien
2465:
2454:Mehmed Cavid
2452:
2445:
2408:Adolf Hitler
2388:World War II
2385:
2369:Ottoman flag
2328:
2318:
2286:
2256:
2252:
2235:
2207:
2202:Three Pashas
2195:
2171:
2122:
2070:
2062:torpedo boat
2043:
1970:
1943:
1926:
1894:the calendar
1891:
1868:
1857:
1824:
1793:
1773:
1758:
1747:
1742:
1731:ambassador,
1726:
1697:
1693:
1670:, including
1660:
1624:
1590:
1574:
1563:
1557:
1527:
1440:Hüdâvendigâr
1406:
1375:
1373:programmes.
1357:Three Pashas
1334:
1296:
1255:
1242:
1231:Hasan Tahsin
1203:
1172:
1139:Mehmed Nazım
1096:
1092:Prince Reşad
1042:
1026:constitution
1015:
1005:
982:İsmail Enver
978:Ahmed Niyazi
948:
932:Mehmed Cavid
920:Thessaloniki
908:
897:
888:Mehmed Cavid
857:
822:
769:
746:race to Baku
727:
695:Three Pashas
681:carried out
679:Ismail Enver
676:
626:in the 1908
620:constitution
616:Hamidian era
605:
593:Grand Vizier
560:
557:Talaat Pasha
556:
552:
551:
504:
407:(1921-03-15)
337:Constituency
327:
301:Succeeded by
294:Mehmed Cavid
278:Grand Vizier
268:
249:Succeeded by
222:Grand Vizier
212:
205:Mustafa Arif
200:Succeeded by
168:Grand Vizier
158:
139:Succeeded by
102:
95:Grand Vizier
63:
56:
48:
36:
10513:Young Turks
10463:1921 deaths
10458:1874 births
10422:Ali Babacan
10342:Altan Öymen
10337:Recai Kutan
10242:Erdal İnönü
10237:Necdet Calp
10232:Turgut Özal
10211:Kemal Satır
10105:Celâl Bayar
10095:İsmet İnönü
10090:Fethi Okyar
10068:Before 1960
9901:Djevdet Bey
9896:Enver Pasha
9563:Reparations
9551:Recognition
9524:The Promise
9454:Prosecution
9177:Terminology
9165:Deir ez-Zor
9087:(1912–1913)
9085:Balkan Wars
8977:Article 301
8967:Surname Law
8679:Namık Kemal
8654:Peyami Safa
8639:Nihal Atsız
8579:Enver Pasha
8569:Ziya Gökalp
8503:(left-wing)
8470:(1923–1944)
8451:Young Turks
8378:Grey Wolves
8358:Atsız Youth
8327:Ulusalcılık
8282:Pan-Turkism
8188:(1920–1922)
8170:(1919–1920)
8158:(1918–1919)
8146:(1917–1918)
8140:(1913–1917)
8128:(1912–1913)
8126:Kâmil Pasha
8116:(1911–1912)
8110:(1910–1911)
8104:(1909–1910)
8086:(1908–1909)
8084:Kâmil Pasha
8074:(1903–1908)
8068:(1901–1903)
8062:(1895–1901)
8054:Kâmil Pasha
8044:(1891–1895)
8038:(1885–1891)
8036:Kâmil Pasha
8032:(1882–1885)
8008:(1880–1882)
8000:Kadri Pasha
7996:(1879–1880)
7984:(1878–1879)
7948:(1877–1878)
7942:(1876–1877)
7936:(1876–1876)
7930:(1875–1876)
7918:(1874–1875)
7912:(1873–1874)
7900:(1872–1873)
7888:(1871–1872)
7882:(1866–1871)
7876:(1866–1867)
7870:(1863–1866)
7858:(1861–1866)
7846:(1860–1861)
7840:(1859–1860)
7828:(1858–1859)
7822:(1857–1858)
7810:(1856–1857)
7804:(1855–1856)
7798:(1854–1855)
7786:(1853–1854)
7780:(1852–1853)
7756:(1848–1852)
7744:(1846–1848)
7738:(1842–1846)
7732:(1841–1842)
7726:(1840–1841)
7720:(1839–1840)
7714:(1833–1839)
7708:(1829–1833)
7702:(1828–1829)
7696:(1824–1828)
7690:(1823–1824)
7678:(1822–1823)
7672:(1821–1822)
7660:(1820–1821)
7654:(1818–1820)
7648:(1815–1818)
7642:(1812–1815)
7636:(1811–1812)
7630:(1809–1811)
7624:(1808–1809)
7612:(1807–1808)
7606:(1806–1807)
7600:(1805–1806)
7594:(1798–1805)
7588:(1794–1798)
7582:(1792–1794)
7576:(1791–1792)
7570:(1790–1791)
7564:(1789–1790)
7483:(1786–1789)
7477:(1785–1786)
7471:(1782–1785)
7459:(1781–1782)
7453:(1779–1781)
7447:(1778–1779)
7441:(1777–1778)
7435:(1775–1777)
7429:(1774–1775)
7423:(1771–1774)
7417:(1770–1771)
7411:(1769–1770)
7399:(1768–1769)
7387:(1765–1768)
7381:(1763–1765)
7369:(1757–1763)
7363:(1756–1757)
7357:(1755–1756)
7333:(1752–1755)
7327:(1750–1752)
7321:(1747–1750)
7315:(1746–1747)
7309:(1743–1746)
7303:(1742–1743)
7297:(1740–1742)
7291:(1739–1740)
7285:(1737–1739)
7273:(1736–1737)
7267:(1735–1736)
7261:(1732–1735)
7255:(1731–1732)
7243:(1730–1731)
7237:(1718–1730)
7231:(1717–1718)
7225:(1716–1717)
7219:(1713–1716)
7207:(1712–1713)
7201:(1711–1712)
7195:(1710–1711)
7183:(1706–1710)
7177:(1704–1706)
7165:(1703–1704)
7147:(1702–1703)
7081:(1697–1702)
7075:(1695–1697)
7069:(1694–1695)
7057:(1692–1693)
7051:(1691–1692)
7045:(1689–1691)
7039:(1688–1689)
7027:(1687–1688)
7021:(1685–1687)
7015:(1683–1685)
7009:(1676–1683)
7003:(1661–1676)
6997:(1656–1661)
6955:(1654–1655)
6949:(1653–1654)
6943:(1652–1653)
6937:(1651–1652)
6925:(1650–1651)
6919:(1649–1650)
6913:(1648–1649)
6907:(1647–1648)
6895:(1645–1647)
6889:(1644–1645)
6883:(1638–1644)
6871:(1637–1638)
6865:(1632–1637)
6853:(1631–1632)
6847:(1628–1631)
6841:(1626–1628)
6835:(1625–1626)
6829:(1624–1625)
6823:(1623–1624)
6811:(1622–1623)
6787:(1621–1622)
6775:(1619–1621)
6769:(1619–1619)
6763:(1616–1619)
6757:(1614–1616)
6751:(1611–1614)
6749:Nasuh Pasha
6745:(1606–1611)
6733:(1604–1606)
6727:(1603–1604)
6721:(1601–1603)
6715:(1599–1601)
6709:(1598–1599)
6703:(1597–1598)
6697:(1596–1597)
6679:(1595–1596)
6661:(1593–1595)
6655:(1592–1593)
6649:(1591–1592)
6643:(1589–1591)
6637:(1586–1589)
6631:(1585–1586)
6625:(1584–1585)
6619:(1582–1584)
6613:(1580–1582)
6601:(1579–1580)
6595:(1565–1579)
6589:(1561–1565)
6583:(1555–1561)
6577:(1553–1555)
6511:(1544–1553)
6505:(1541–1544)
6499:(1539–1541)
6497:Lütfi Pasha
6493:(1536–1539)
6487:(1523–1536)
6481:(1517–1523)
6473:Yunus Pasha
6469:(1516–1517)
6463:(1515–1516)
6457:(1512–1515)
6451:(1511–1512)
6445:(1509–1511)
6439:(1503–1506)
6433:(1501–1503)
6425:Mesih Pasha
6421:(1499–1501)
6419:Yakub Pasha
6415:(1498–1499)
6409:(1497–1498)
6403:(1482–1497)
6397:(1481–1482)
6395:Ishak Pasha
6391:(1477–1481)
6385:(1474–1477)
6379:(1472–1474)
6373:(1469–1472)
6371:Ishak Pasha
6367:(1466–1469)
6361:(1456–1466)
6355:(1453–1456)
6353:Zagan Pasha
6289:(1439–1453)
6283:(1429–1439)
6277:(1421–1429)
6271:(1413–1421)
6265:(1406–1413)
6259:(1387–1406)
6253:(1364–1387)
6247:(1349–1364)
6241:(1348–1349)
6235:(1331–1348)
6229:(1320–1331)
5616:Kieser 2018
5565:Kieser 2018
5553:Kieser 2018
5464:Kieser 2018
5439:Kieser 2018
5365:Kieser 2018
5322:Kieser 2018
5303:27 February
5255:Kieser 2018
5218:Kieser 2018
5206:Kieser 2018
5194:Kieser 2018
5170:Kieser 2018
5158:Kieser 2018
5076:Kieser 2018
4924:29 December
4851:Kieser 2018
4787:Kieser 2018
4775:Kieser 2018
4763:Kieser 2018
4684:Kieser 2018
4660:Kieser 2018
4648:Kieser 2018
4636:Kieser 2018
4624:Kieser 2018
4612:Kieser 2018
4600:Kieser 2018
4588:Tunaya 1952
4505:Kieser 2018
4493:Kieser 2018
4444:Kieser 2018
4429:Kieser 2018
4417:Kieser 2018
4405:Kieser 2018
4009:Kieser 2018
3997:Kieser 2018
3985:Kieser 2018
3973:Kieser 2018
3961:Kieser 2018
3949:Kieser 2018
3937:Kieser 2018
3925:Kieser 2018
3913:Kieser 2018
3901:Kieser 2018
3889:Kieser 2018
3877:Kieser 2018
3865:Kieser 2018
3850:Kieser 2018
3838:Kieser 2018
3826:Kieser 2018
3765:Kieser 2018
3750:Kieser 2018
3738:Kieser 2018
3695:Kieser 2018
3683:Kieser 2018
3668:Kieser 2018
3656:Kieser 2018
3613:Kieser 2018
3601:Kieser 2018
3589:Kieser 2018
3577:Kieser 2018
3565:Kieser 2018
3553:Kieser 2018
3541:Kieser 2018
3495:Kieser 2018
3483:Kieser 2018
3471:Kieser 2018
3456:Kieser 2018
3444:Kieser 2018
3432:Kieser 2018
3408:Kieser 2018
3390:6 September
2959:Kieser 2018
2916:Kieser 2018
2796:Kieser 2018
2784:Kieser 2018
2692:; Turkish:
2689:Talʿat Paşa
2590:Biographer
2481:Ernst Jäckh
2458:July Crisis
2431:Impressions
2174:Kapp Putsch
2058:Osman Bedri
1936: [
1837:Premiership
1684:Serengülian
1631:Van Vilayet
1554:July Crisis
1552:during the
1420: [
1361:triumvirate
1353:Ahmet Cemal
1349:World War I
1278:Kâmil Pasha
1253:broke out.
1251:Balkan Wars
1249:before the
1147:Pan-Turkist
1143:Ziya Gökalp
1099:Westminster
1080:Sahip Molla
1069:Action Army
966: [
771:in absentia
691:Ahmed Cemal
656:Balkan Wars
589:World War I
561:Talat Pasha
506:in absentia
442:Nationality
309: [
289:Preceded by
237:Preceded by
189: [
186:Mehmed Adil
181:Preceded by
127:Preceded by
10452:Categories
10437:Özgür Özel
10432:Ümit Özdağ
10362:Zeki Sezer
10347:Ahmet Türk
10156:Ahmet Oğuz
9840:Resistance
9822:Addai Sher
9781:Diyarbekir
9699:Background
9297:Resistance
9286:Vorpahavak
9251:Demography
9208:Diyarbekir
9137:Tehcir Law
9048:Background
8738:Historical
8724:Sinan Oğan
8719:Ümit Özdağ
8553:Good Party
8373:Deep State
8363:Black Gang
8267:İttihadism
6239:Hacı Pasha
5424:20 October
5395:12 October
5350:12 October
5182:Olson 1986
5131:Olson 1986
5119:Olson 1986
5088:Ihrig 2016
4991:Talat Paşa
4956:25 October
4836:2 February
4736:20 October
4713:Olson 1986
4545:11 October
4282:013110084X
4172:31 January
4145:(2): 258.
3641:5 November
3526:12 October
3306:Mango 2002
3134:1566190843
3103:031629201X
3044:1351485830
3010:0571290469
2983:1429988525
2888:. p.
2708:References
2694:Talat Paşa
2545:and a 33°
2223:Royal Navy
2184:See also:
2167:Bolsheviks
2110:Karl Radek
2066:Sevastopol
1948:after the
1933:Kara Kemal
1841:See also:
1700:Tehcir Law
1627:Cevdet Bey
1492:Diyarbekir
1456:Adrianople
1235:Cemal Azmi
1226:Said Pasha
974:Third Army
928:Ahmed Rıza
915:Young Turk
873:Adrianople
738:Bolsheviks
668:Ottomanism
632:Adrianople
624:parliament
591:he became
565:Young Turk
377:1874-09-01
341:Adrianople
51:, the
45:given name
9987:Aftermath
9954:Blue Book
9918:Ömer Naji
9913:Halil Kut
9802:Toma Audo
9718:(1894–96)
9590:Memorials
9539:Aftermath
9323:Musa Dagh
9280:Survivors
9233:Trebizond
9186:By region
9157:Mass rape
8684:Gün Sazak
8589:Ali Suavi
8442:Political
8433:Wind Unit
5880:0043-2539
5739:1829-4405
5696:145763743
5541:Adak 2007
4702:: 83, 87.
4393:Suny 2015
4203:5 October
4193:Today.com
4151:0889-7743
3813:150573160
3805:0026-3206
3178:236785226
3136:, p. 210.
3126:politics.
3074:YakınPlan
2713:Citations
2681:طلعت پاشا
2662:romanized
2657:محمد طلعت
2547:freemason
2383:in 1926.
2120:instead.
2001:Mehmed VI
1958:Jerusalem
1536:met with
1163:Halil Bey
1082:to get a
1061:Dr. Nazım
1008:Unionists
861:telegraph
819:Childhood
786:. He was
754:Macedonia
736:with the
664:Unionists
520:Target(s)
328:In office
269:In office
213:In office
159:In office
120:Mehmed VI
103:In office
9764:Haftevan
9752:Genocide
9120:Genocide
8924:Öztürkçe
8901:Policies
8629:Rıza Nur
8307:Turanism
8272:Kemalism
8240:Ideology
6013:Archived
5954:(2015).
5924:(2015).
5898:(2002).
5828:(2018).
5800:(2016).
5788:17 March
5779:Archived
5749:(2005).
5706:(2020).
5595:Archived
5513:23 March
5507:Archived
5487:23 March
5481:Archived
5389:Archived
5384:Hürriyet
5344:Archived
5297:Archived
5012:15 March
5006:Archived
4950:Archived
4918:Archived
4830:Archived
4539:Archived
4469:Archived
4372:Archived
4293:26 April
4287:Archived
4229:Archived
4197:Archived
4163:Archived
4159:12626339
4083:25 April
4077:Archived
4048:26 April
4042:Archived
3723:22 March
3717:Archived
3635:Archived
3520:Archived
3384:Archived
3278:(2004).
3182:Archived
3110:Archived
3051:Archived
3017:Archived
2876:(2001).
2835:(2007).
2811:(2006).
2758:Archived
2628:See also
2576:genocide
2509:Ioannina
2505:Albanian
2477:Bismarck
2331:Anatolia
2289:Dashnaks
1945:zugzwang
1804:Arabized
1744:revenge.
1500:militias
1297:komiteci
1065:Yeşilköy
1022:Hamidian
940:Anatolia
825:Kırcaali
715:Istanbul
612:Salonica
575:de facto
394:Bulgaria
384:Kırcaali
116:Mehmed V
112:Monarchs
39:In this
10139:1960–80
9771:Hakkari
9613:Related
9386:Djevdet
9213:Erzurum
8444:parties
7543:of the
7126:of the
6556:of the
6334:of the
6208:of the
6159:of the
6028:of the
6024:in the
5888:1570757
5626:Sources
5601:2 April
4478:8 April
3280:Atatürk
2764:4 April
2664::
2448:naivety
2386:During
2301:Erzurum
2118:memoirs
2087:of the
1985:Ardahan
1966:Baghdad
1769:Hakkâri
1754:Muhacir
1714:Hayriye
1676:Hunchak
1672:Dashnak
1565:Breslau
1490:), and
1468:Erzurum
1396:in the
1204:In the
1149:ideas.
1119:Albania
1071:led by
845:Kayseri
778:led by
748:on the
703:ordered
654:in the
634:to the
514:Details
503:Death (
446:Ottoman
416:Germany
171:Himself
10478:Pashas
9776:Bitlis
9743:Midyat
9724:(1908)
9568:Denial
9530:others
9391:Reshid
9381:Djemal
9371:Talaat
9313:Zeitun
9218:Harput
9203:Bitlis
9198:Aleppo
9127:Causes
8740:events
8562:People
8302:Taksim
8182:(1920)
8176:(1920)
8164:(1919)
8152:(1918)
8134:(1913)
8122:(1912)
8098:(1909)
8092:(1909)
8080:(1908)
8056:(1895)
8050:(1895)
8026:(1882)
8020:(1882)
8014:(1882)
8002:(1880)
7990:(1879)
7978:(1878)
7972:(1878)
7966:(1878)
7960:(1878)
7954:(1878)
7924:(1875)
7906:(1873)
7894:(1872)
7864:(1863)
7852:(1861)
7834:(1859)
7816:(1857)
7792:(1854)
7774:(1852)
7768:(1852)
7762:(1852)
7750:(1848)
7684:(1823)
7666:(1821)
7618:(1808)
7489:(1789)
7465:(1782)
7405:(1769)
7393:(1768)
7375:(1763)
7351:(1755)
7345:(1755)
7339:(1755)
7279:(1737)
7249:(1731)
7213:(1713)
7189:(1710)
7171:(1704)
7159:(1703)
7153:(1703)
7063:(1694)
7033:(1688)
6991:(1656)
6985:(1656)
6979:(1656)
6973:(1656)
6967:(1655)
6961:(1655)
6931:(1651)
6901:(1647)
6877:(1638)
6859:(1632)
6817:(1623)
6805:(1622)
6799:(1622)
6793:(1622)
6781:(1621)
6739:(1606)
6691:(1596)
6685:(1596)
6673:(1595)
6667:(1595)
6607:(1580)
6475:(1517)
6427:(1501)
5964:
5940:
5910:
5886:
5878:
5842:
5814:
5771:
5759:]
5737:
5694:
5663:
5644:
5587:
5289:
5238:
5037:
4998:
4896:
4871:
4822:
4571:
4378:12 May
4318:
4279:
4252:
4157:
4149:
4111:
4034:
3811:
3803:
3286:
3241:
3214:
3188:31 May
3176:
3166:
3132:
3107:p. 75.
3101:
3048:p. 93.
3042:
3014:p. 49.
3008:
2987:p. 39.
2981:
2939:
2896:
2750:
2565:Legacy
2517:French
2335:Ankara
2303:named
2152:. The
2073:Berlin
2056:, and
1983:, and
1981:Batumi
1814:, and
1680:Zohrab
1559:Goeben
1488:Elazığ
1472:Bitlis
1464:Aleppo
1426:, and
1233:, and
1189:, and
1169:, 1915
961:, and
833:Romani
531:Killed
462:Spouse
412:Berlin
9933:Çetes
9879:Some
9690:Sayfo
9630:Sayfo
9376:Enver
9338:Azakh
9228:Sivas
9193:Adana
5979:[
5928:[
5884:JSTOR
5782:(PDF)
5761:(PDF)
5755:[
5711:(PDF)
5692:S2CID
5340:OdaTV
4472:(PDF)
4461:(PDF)
4166:(PDF)
4133:(PDF)
3809:S2CID
3516:Posta
3174:S2CID
2730:. In
2640:Notes
2521:Greek
2243:pasha
2197:İkdam
2114:Brest
2050:Şakir
2046:Nazım
1940:]
1914:Quran
1816:Antep
1812:Maraş
1765:Seyfo
1663:order
1593:Turan
1546:Halil
1480:Sivas
1460:Adana
1452:Canik
1448:İzmit
1444:Bursa
1424:]
1123:Yemen
1107:Cavid
1084:fatwa
1017:Fedai
970:]
837:Pomak
713:(now
685:with
490:Trial
313:]
193:]
74:Pasha
58:Pasha
53:title
9759:Iran
9510:film
9506:book
9328:Urfa
5962:ISBN
5938:ISBN
5908:ISBN
5876:ISSN
5840:ISBN
5812:ISBN
5790:2021
5769:ISBN
5735:ISSN
5661:ISBN
5642:ISBN
5603:2015
5585:ISBN
5515:2022
5489:2022
5426:2015
5397:2021
5352:2021
5305:2021
5287:ISBN
5236:ISBN
5106:help
5035:ISBN
5014:2023
4996:ISBN
4958:2017
4926:2008
4894:ISBN
4869:ISBN
4838:2016
4820:ISBN
4738:2015
4569:ISBN
4547:2022
4480:2020
4380:2022
4316:ISBN
4295:2016
4277:ISBN
4250:ISBN
4205:2006
4174:2022
4155:OCLC
4147:ISSN
4109:ISBN
4085:2010
4050:2016
4032:ISBN
3801:ISSN
3725:2021
3643:2022
3528:2021
3392:2021
3284:ISBN
3239:ISBN
3212:ISBN
3190:2021
3164:ISBN
3130:ISBN
3099:ISBN
3040:ISBN
3006:ISBN
2979:ISBN
2937:ISBN
2894:ISBN
2766:2021
2748:ISBN
2412:Axis
2351:and
2344:imam
2273:and
2160:and
2148:and
2054:Azmi
1977:Kars
1964:and
1808:Urfa
1798:and
1759:The
1682:and
1674:and
1637:and
1562:and
1540:and
1137:and
1121:and
1032:the
1006:The
980:and
841:kadı
756:and
622:and
402:Died
392:now
371:Born
354:1914
350:1912
346:1908
9318:Van
9238:Van
9223:Muş
6030:ZBW
5868:doi
5725:doi
5684:doi
4055:...
3791:doi
3156:doi
2740:doi
2698:Bey
2095:),
2089:SPD
1776:Rûm
1688:Van
1643:Van
1476:Van
1446:),
1402:Rûm
1347:in
1304:to
1109:as
934:in
790:by
782:in
559:or
55:is
47:is
10454::
9508:,
7547:–
7130:–
6560:–
6338:–
6212:–
5936:.
5906:.
5902:.
5882:.
5874:.
5864:26
5862:.
5838:.
5834:.
5810:.
5806:.
5777:.
5767:.
5733:.
5719:.
5713:.
5690:.
5680:12
5678:.
5636:.
5593:.
5505:.
5479:.
5405:^
5387:.
5381:.
5342:.
5338:.
5295:.
5138:^
5068:^
5049:^
5004:.
4966:^
4944:.
4916:.
4828:.
4555:^
4537:.
4533:.
4463:.
4436:^
4370:.
4363:.
4285:.
4221:.
4195:.
4191:.
4161:.
4153:.
4143:14
4141:.
4135:.
4093:^
4075:.
4071:.
4052:.
4040:.
4016:^
3857:^
3807:.
3799:.
3787:55
3785:.
3781:.
3757:^
3715:.
3711:.
3675:^
3633:.
3629:.
3518:.
3514:.
3502:^
3463:^
3400:^
3382:.
3378:.
3365:^
3357:,
3346:^
3313:^
3298:^
3265:^
3180:.
3172:.
3162:.
3150:.
3105:,
3072:.
3061:^
3046:,
3012:,
2985:,
2951:^
2923:^
2908:^
2892:.
2890:57
2884:.
2858:.
2839:.
2774:^
2756:.
2746:.
2683:,
2659:,
2655::
2618:.
2583:.
2561:.
2538:.
2491:.
2460:.
2402:,
2169:.
2140:,
2052:,
2048:,
2011:,
1979:,
1968:.
1938:tr
1924:.
1877:,
1810:,
1588:.
1482:,
1478:,
1474:,
1470:,
1466:,
1462:,
1458:,
1454:,
1450:,
1422:tr
1415:,
1411:,
1185:,
1181:,
1051:.
968:tr
957:,
827:,
802:.
674:.
603:.
414:,
386:,
352:,
348:,
311:tr
191:tr
10053:e
10046:t
10039:v
9681:e
9674:t
9667:v
9512:)
9504:(
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