37:
227:
is classified in the small fungal family
Elixiaceae based on its genetic and structural characteristics. The genus is notable for its unique reproductive structures and its apparent rarity, having been found in only a few locations despite growing in a relatively common type of forest.
443:
is a lichen genus characterised by a crust-like, thin outer layer (thallus) that forms spreading colonies up to 10–20 cm wide. The thallus is dull greyish white, somewhat glossy, and 120–200 μm thick. Initially smooth, it develops small wart-like structures
578:
is sparse. It is absent in areas where undershrubs form a closed cover. Despite its conspicuous appearance where present, the species has been encountered infrequently, suggesting it may have specific ecological requirements that are not yet fully understood.
467:
are roundish to irregularly angular, 0.3–1 mm wide, and generally clustered in groups of 2–3 (occasionally up to 5). The surface of the disc starts deeply concave, becoming flat to wavy, dark grey, and covered with a thick whitish powder-like coating
551:
boulder fields at elevations around 950–1010 metres above sea level. The species forms conspicuous white patches up to 20 cm wide on the lowermost 1–2 metres of eucalypt trunks, as well as on larger individuals of
522:). They are thin-walled, without a gel coating, and round to oval in shape, typically measuring 14–23 by 9–20 μm, often containing a single, large bubble-like structure (vacuole). Chemically, the lichen contains
503:). The asci are elongated and club-shaped, 130–170 by 17–25 μm, containing 8 spores each. They have a specialised structure at the tip for releasing spores, resembling those found in the related genus
590:
456:
is a symbiotic organism, containing a green algal partner (photobiont) with round to oval cells, 9–20 by 9–16 μm, typically clustered in bundles within the thallus.
408:
to
Elixiaceae necessitated a recircumscription of the family to accommodate the morphological differences between the two genera. The family is now defined as lichenised
584:
523:
626:
608:
338:. However, in some later (2018) phylogenetic analyses, the authors note that the current arrangement "was not significantly supported by any analyses", and that "
614:
495:), 160–200 μm thick, containing scattered oil droplets and topped by a grey-green layer 30–50 μm thick. Within this layer are spore-producing sacs (
620:
602:
526:, but does not show any colour changes when tested with common lichen identification chemicals. Another type of reproductive structure common in lichens,
316:
989:
632:
1228:
1162:
1015:
1084:
937:
393:-type ascus. This ascus structure, along with other anatomical and molecular evidence, justified the creation of a new genus separate from
1223:
452:) 0.5–1 mm wide, and may become worn, eroded, or develop powdery reproductive structures (soredia) over time. Like all lichens,
1136:
976:
290:), referring to its geographic distribution in Tasmania. It also alludes to the similarity of this lichen to members of the genus
1075:
1020:
324:
in
Elixiaceae. The placement was further corroborated with the description of the third Elixiaceae species in 2010,
1167:
1218:
1213:
762:
Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-GarcĂa, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022).
516:
484:), measuring up to about 10 ÎĽm thick, pale greyish green, composed of interwoven thread-like structures (
459:
The lichen's reproductive structures (apothecia) are disc-shaped and partially immersed in the thallus. These
414:
478:
541:
is known to occur only in
Tasmania, Australia. It has been recorded in open subalpine woodland dominated by
446:
470:
381:
461:
36:
320:, one of the few representatives of the small fungal family Elixiaceae. This supported the placement of
241:
1128:
968:
1203:
560:
1208:
928:
890:
249:
119:
994:
511:
are very delicate, highly branched, and intertwined, 0.8–1 μm thick, with narrowed tips.
264:, at an elevation of 950 m (3,120 ft). The specimen was collected from the trunk of
1033:
260:
was collected by
Kantvilas on December 17, 2003. It was found 1 km southeast of Lake Fenton,
142:
1180:
1110:
543:
368:
266:
8:
220:
866:
835:
245:
212:
200:
115:
31:
1089:
942:
1175:
1097:
1028:
950:
871:
763:
735:
692:
307:
779:
636:. Below the "Meridianelia-zone" on eucalypt trunks, there is often a basal cover of
1102:
861:
851:
816:
783:
775:
708:
429:
955:
726:
1060:
913:
208:
204:
78:
1123:
963:
326:
297:
253:
88:
856:
820:
712:
1197:
875:
788:
740:
517:
415:
303:
479:
1069:
922:
596:
575:
574:
prefers sunny conditions and is most frequently found on trees where the
447:
409:
1141:
981:
508:
500:
476:). The apothecium is surrounded by a very thin layer of fungal tissue (
471:
382:
190:
98:
68:
462:
1154:
1007:
637:
565:
48:
884:
1149:
1054:
1002:
907:
648:
548:
527:
492:
363:
292:
261:
216:
172:
168:
761:
558:
with loose, papery bark. It has also been found at the margins of
1115:
554:
425:
803:
Spribille, Toby; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2010). "A new species of
686:
684:
642:
389:
58:
682:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
834:
Bendiksby, Mika; Reese Næsborg, Rikke; Timdal, Einar (2018).
496:
485:
186:
833:
840:(Umbilicariaceae), a new lichen species from the canopy of
796:
697:, a new genus in the Elixiaceae (Ascomycota) from Tasmania"
661:
514:
The spores are arranged in a single row within the ascus (
491:
Inside the apothecium is a colourless reproductive layer (
375:
differs significantly in its ascus structure. The asci in
755:
300:
honours the
Australian lichenologist Patrick McCarthy.
387:
with an intensely amyloid cap, characteristic of the
827:
412:with a crustose thallus containing a coccoid green
252:based on collections from Tasmania, Australia. The
691:Kantvilas, Gintaras; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2009).
582:Associated lichen species in its habitat include
1195:
802:
690:
764:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021"
428:ascospores, and either aliphatic acids or no
533:
420:, hemiangiocarpous apothecia, eight-spored
275:
865:
855:
787:
530:, has not been observed in this genus.
1196:
270:in subalpine woodland. The genus name
889:
888:
1229:Taxa named by Helge Thorsten Lumbsch
219:, Australia. Discovered in 2003 and
193:. It consists of the single species
207:. This lichen forms greyish-white,
13:
719:
14:
1240:
379:have a prominent, weakly amyloid
1224:Taxa named by Gintaras Kantvilas
342:monophyly was not supported, as
308:mitochondrial small subunit rDNA
35:
807:(Umbilicariales) from Greece".
361:While superficially similar to
435:
244:in 2009 by the lichenologists
158:Kantvilas & Lumbsch (2009)
1:
655:
7:
346:grouped with accessions of
334:, formed a clade sister to
231:
16:Single-species lichen genus
10:
1245:
274:is derived from the Latin
215:in subalpine woodlands of
1076:Meridianelia maccarthyana
1046:Meridianelia maccarthyana
1044:
897:
857:10.3897/mycokeys.30.22271
821:10.1017/s0024282910000058
780:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2
743:: Leiden, the Netherlands
713:10.1017/S0024282909008500
585:Mycoblastus campbellianus
572:Meridianelia maccarthyana
539:Meridianelia maccarthyana
499:) and sterile filaments (
258:Meridianelia maccarthyana
196:Meridianelia maccarthyana
167:
163:
152:Meridianelia maccarthyana
148:
141:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
534:Habitat and distribution
221:scientifically described
561:Nothofagus cunninghamii
547:, typically growing on
524:protolichesterinic acid
330:, which, together with
314:clusters strongly with
1219:Taxa described in 2009
627:Trapeliopsis granulosa
591:M. coniophorellus
310:sequences showed that
276:
1214:Umbilicariales genera
615:Pseudoramonia richeae
842:Sequoia sempervirens
838:Xylopsora canopeorum
544:Eucalyptus coccifera
515:
477:
469:
460:
445:
413:
380:
267:Eucalyptus coccifera
171:: near Lake Fenton,
134:M. maccarthyana
609:P. pertractata
424:-type asci, simple
250:H. Thorsten Lumbsch
621:Ramboldia stuartii
603:Pertusaria jamesii
246:Gintaras Kantvilas
1191:
1190:
1176:Open Tree of Life
1029:Open Tree of Life
891:Taxon identifiers
809:The Lichenologist
736:Catalogue of Life
701:The Lichenologist
430:lichen substances
354:sp. and excluded
203:(bark-dwelling),
178:
177:
123:
1236:
1184:
1183:
1171:
1170:
1158:
1157:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1131:
1119:
1118:
1106:
1105:
1093:
1092:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1023:
1011:
1010:
998:
997:
985:
984:
972:
971:
959:
958:
946:
945:
933:
932:
931:
918:
917:
916:
886:
885:
880:
879:
869:
859:
831:
825:
824:
800:
794:
793:
791:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
723:
717:
716:
688:
564:-dominated cool
519:
481:
473:
464:
449:
417:
404:The addition of
384:
332:E. flexella
289:
286:
283:
279:
154:
114:
40:
39:
21:
20:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1161:
1153:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1019:
1014:
1006:
1001:
993:
988:
980:
975:
967:
962:
954:
949:
941:
936:
927:
926:
921:
912:
911:
906:
893:
883:
832:
828:
801:
797:
789:1854/LU-8754813
760:
756:
746:
744:
725:
724:
720:
689:
662:
658:
640:and species of
536:
521:
483:
475:
466:
451:
438:
419:
386:
317:Elixia flexella
298:species epithet
287:
284:
281:
234:
205:crustose lichen
159:
156:
150:
137:
113:
79:Lecanoromycetes
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1242:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:Umbilicariales
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1172:
1159:
1146:
1133:
1120:
1107:
1094:
1081:
1066:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1025:
1012:
999:
986:
973:
960:
947:
934:
919:
903:
901:
895:
894:
882:
881:
826:
815:(4): 365–371.
795:
774:(1): 53–453 .
754:
718:
707:(3): 261–270.
659:
657:
654:
535:
532:
437:
434:
356:Elixia cretica
327:Elixia cretica
256:(holotype) of
233:
230:
189:in the family
176:
175:
165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
146:
145:
139:
138:
131:
129:
125:
124:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
89:Umbilicariales
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1241:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Lichen genera
1207:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
983:
978:
974:
970:
965:
961:
957:
952:
948:
944:
939:
935:
930:
924:
920:
915:
909:
905:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
887:
877:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
849:
845:
843:
839:
830:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
799:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
758:
742:
738:
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732:
730:
722:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
696:
687:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
660:
653:
651:
650:
645:
644:
639:
635:
634:
633:Usnea oncodes
629:
628:
623:
622:
617:
616:
611:
610:
605:
604:
599:
598:
593:
592:
587:
586:
580:
577:
573:
569:
567:
563:
562:
557:
556:
550:
546:
545:
540:
531:
529:
525:
520:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
482:
474:
465:
457:
455:
450:
442:
433:
431:
427:
423:
418:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
391:
385:
378:
374:
370:
369:morphological
366:
365:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
323:
319:
318:
313:
309:
305:
301:
299:
295:
294:
278:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
255:
254:type specimen
251:
247:
243:
242:circumscribed
239:
229:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
184:
183:
174:
170:
166:
162:
155:
153:
147:
144:
143:Binomial name
140:
136:
135:
130:
127:
126:
121:
117:
112:
111:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
54:
53:
50:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1045:
929:Meridianelia
899:Meridianelia
898:
850:(30): 1–15.
847:
841:
837:
829:
812:
808:
804:
798:
771:
767:
757:
745:. Retrieved
741:Species 2000
734:
729:Meridianelia
728:
721:
704:
700:
695:Meridianelia
694:
647:
641:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
581:
571:
570:
568:rainforest.
559:
553:
542:
538:
537:
513:
504:
490:
458:
454:Meridianelia
453:
441:Meridianelia
440:
439:
421:
406:Meridianelia
405:
403:
398:
394:
388:
377:Meridianelia
376:
373:Meridianelia
372:
362:
360:
355:
351:
347:
344:Meridianelia
343:
339:
336:Meridianelia
335:
331:
325:
322:Meridianelia
321:
315:
312:Meridianelia
311:
306:analysis of
304:Phylogenetic
302:
291:
272:Meridianelia
271:
265:
257:
238:Meridianelia
237:
235:
225:Meridianelia
224:
213:on tree bark
195:
194:
185:is a fungal
182:Meridianelia
181:
180:
179:
151:
149:
133:
132:
110:Meridianelia
109:
108:
25:Meridianelia
24:
18:
1070:Wikispecies
923:Wikispecies
597:Ochrolechia
576:understorey
436:Description
410:ascomycetes
348:E. flexella
201:corticolous
1198:Categories
768:Mycosphere
656:References
638:bryophytes
518:uniseriate
509:paraphyses
501:paraphyses
416:photobiont
371:features,
277:meridianus
236:The genus
209:crust-like
191:Elixiaceae
99:Elixiaceae
69:Ascomycota
65:Division:
1085:AusLichen
1061:Q21319759
938:AusLichen
914:Q21226646
747:27 August
600:species,
566:temperate
480:excipulum
280:(meaning
223:in 2009,
128:Species:
116:Kantvilas
55:Kingdom:
49:Eukaryota
1150:MycoBank
1124:Fungorum
1116:11950205
1090:30018444
1055:Wikidata
1003:MycoBank
964:Fungorum
943:30018443
908:Wikidata
876:29559828
848:MycoKeys
649:Cladonia
549:dolerite
528:pycnidia
493:hymenium
448:verrucae
399:Trapelia
367:in some
364:Trapelia
293:Trapelia
285:southern
262:Tasmania
232:Taxonomy
217:Tasmania
211:growths
173:Tasmania
169:Holotype
95:Family:
45:Domain:
1142:6755090
1034:5262614
1021:1520788
995:1465982
982:6755089
867:5804297
555:Olearia
426:hyaline
120:Lumbsch
105:Genus:
85:Order:
75:Class:
1181:148147
1168:623279
1155:513001
1129:513001
1008:513000
969:513000
874:
864:
805:Elixia
643:Cladia
630:, and
507:. The
505:Elixia
486:hyphae
472:pruina
422:Elixia
395:Elixia
390:Elixia
383:tholus
352:Elixia
340:Elixia
296:. The
122:(2009)
118:&
1103:6QZDD
990:IRMNG
463:discs
187:genus
59:Fungi
1163:NCBI
1137:GBIF
1016:NCBI
977:GBIF
956:5P9B
872:PMID
749:2024
646:and
497:asci
397:and
350:and
248:and
240:was
199:, a
1111:EoL
1098:CoL
951:CoL
862:PMC
852:doi
817:doi
784:hdl
776:doi
709:doi
488:).
358:."
1200::
1178::
1165::
1152::
1139::
1126::
1113::
1100::
1087::
1072::
1057::
1031::
1018::
1005::
992::
979::
966::
953::
940::
925::
910::
870:.
860:.
846:.
813:42
811:.
782:.
772:13
770:.
766:.
739:.
733:.
705:41
703:.
699:.
663:^
652:.
624:,
618:,
612:,
606:,
594:,
588:,
432:.
401:.
878:.
854::
844:"
836:"
823:.
819::
792:.
786::
778::
751:.
731:"
727:"
715:.
711::
693:"
468:(
444:(
288:'
282:'
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
