262:). In such a case, there is no actual type specimen available for study, and the possibility exists that—should there be any perceived ambiguity in the identity of the species—subsequent authors can invoke various clauses in the ICZN Code that allow for the designation of a neotype. Article 75.3.7 of the ICZN requires that the designation of a neotype must be accompanied by "a statement that the neotype is, or immediately upon publication has become, the property of a recognized scientific or educational institution, cited by name, that maintains a research collection, with proper facilities for preserving name-bearing types, and that makes them accessible for study", but there is no such requirement for a holotype.
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For example, in both the ICN and the ICZN a neotype is a type that was later appointed in the absence of the original holotype. Additionally, under the ICZN the commission is empowered to replace a holotype with a neotype, when the holotype turns out to lack important diagnostic features needed to
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A holotype is not necessarily "typical" of that taxon, although ideally it is. Sometimes just a fragment of an organism is the holotype, particularly in the case of a
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in which the specimen designated as the holotype was a living individual that was allowed to remain in the wild (e.g. a new species of capuchin monkey, genus
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74:. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the
177:(ICN article 14.3) is sometimes used to correct a problem with a name which has been misapplied; this specimen replaces the original holotype.
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The procedures for the designation of a new type specimen when the original is lost come into play for some recent, high-profile
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In the absence of a holotype, another type may be selected, out of a range of different kinds of type, depending on the case, a
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is a duplicate of the holotype, generally pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same genetic individual.
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Erxleben (Cebidae, Primates): found at the very brink of extinction in the
Pernambuco Endemism Centre. Zootaxa 1200: 1-12.
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86:(ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept.
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considered the case and agreed to replace the original type specimen with the proposed neotype.
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Mendes Pontes, A.R., Malta A. and Asfora, P.H. 2006. A new species of capuchin monkey, genus
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under article 9.8, where the original material is demonstrably ambiguous or insufficient.
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Sinha, A.,Datta, A., Madhusudan, M. D. and Mishra, C. (2004). "The
Arunachal macaque
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distinguish the species from its close relatives. For example, the crocodile-like
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390:"The Code Online | International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature"
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Under the ICN, an additional and clarifying type could be designated an
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375:: a new species from western Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India".
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International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
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Photographs of type specimens of
Neotropical Rhopalocera.
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is a preserved specimen of that subspecies, held by the
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International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
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Example of an organism used to describe its species
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78:(ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of
214:from its close relatives. This made the name
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76:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
89:For example, the holotype for the butterfly
137:period, is a fossil leg bone stored at the
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377:International Journal of Primatology
25:Holotype with red type label affixed
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379:volume: 26 issue: 977 pages: 989.
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157:Modern holotype label for
149:Replacements for holotypes
133:dinosaur from the early
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139:Natural History Museum
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252:Marleyimyia xylocopae
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419:at Wikimedia Commons
241:species descriptions
228:proposed that a new
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322:2007-09-28 at the
249:, the bee species
216:Parasuchus hislopi
198:Parasuchus hislopi
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101:Harvard University
80:name-bearing types
72:formally described
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226:Sankar Chatterjee
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212:Parasuchus
135:Cretaceous
129:, a large
417:Holotypes
278:Genetypes
274:(zoology)
255:, or the
182:lectotype
82:. In the
56:holotypus
343:Archived
320:Archived
284:Paratype
272:Allotype
266:See also
201:Lydekker
196:reptile
109:mycology
60:organism
48:holotype
208:rostrum
186:neotype
168:epitype
113:isotype
64:species
143:London
120:fossil
105:botany
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184:or a
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50:(
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