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Nomenclature

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955:, and this natural tendency was accelerated by the Norman tradition of using surnames that were fixed and hereditary within individual families. In combination these two names are now known as the personal name or, simply, the name. There are many exceptions to this general rule: Westerners often insert a third or more names between the given and surnames; Chinese and Hungarian names have the family name preceding the given name; females now often retain their maiden names (their family surname) or combine, using a hyphen, their maiden name and the surname of their husband; some East Slavic nations insert the patronym (a name derived from the given name of the father) between the given and the family name; in Iceland the given name is used with the patronym, or matronym (a name derived from the given name of the mother), and surnames are rarely used. 5637: 1104:. However, work on the etymology of toponyms has found that many place names are descriptive, honorific or commemorative but frequently they have no meaning, or the meaning is obscure or lost. Also, the many categories of names are frequently interrelated. For example, many place-names are derived from personal names (Victoria), many names of planets and stars are derived from the names of 682:. This is the most numerous and basic building block of all folk taxonomies, the most frequently referred to, the most important psychologically, and among the first learned by children. These names can usually be associated directly with a second level group. Like life-form names these are primary lexemes. 935:. As the population increased, it gradually became necessary to identify people further—giving rise to names like John the butcher, Henry from Sutton, and Roger son of Richard...which naturally evolved into John Butcher, Henry Sutton, and Roger Richardson. We now know this additional name variously as the 797:
In keeping with the utilitarian view other authors maintain that ethnotaxonomies resemble more a "complex web of resemblances" than a neat hierarchy. Likewise, a recent study has suggested that some folk taxonomies display more than six ethnobiological categories. Others go further and even doubt the
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of the naming and classification of animals and plants in non-Western societies have revealed some general principles that suggest pre-scientific man's conceptual and linguistic method of organising the biological world in a hierarchical way. Such studies indicate that the urge to classify is a basic
903:, are presented, used and categorised in many ways depending on the language and culture. In most cultures (Indonesia is one exception) it is customary for individuals to be given at least two names. In Western culture, the first name is given at birth or shortly thereafter and is referred to as the 1161:
itself is the ordering of taxa (the objects of classification) into groups based on similarities or differences. Doing taxonomy entails identifying, describing, and naming taxa; therefore, in the scientific sense, nomenclature is the branch of taxonomy concerned with the application of scientific
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The distinction between onomastics and nomenclature is not readily clear: onomastics is an unfamiliar discipline to most people, and the use of nomenclature in an academic sense is also not commonly known. Although the two fields integrate, nomenclature concerns itself more with the rules and
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Due to social, political, religious, and cultural motivations, things that are the same may be given different names, while different things may be given the same name; closely related similar things may be considered separate, while on the other hand significantly different things might be
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given to various geographical features (geonyms), and also to cosmic features (cosmonyms). This could include names of mountains, rivers, seas, villages, towns, cities, countries, planets, stars etc. Toponymy can be further divided into specialist branches, like:
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Over the last few hundred years, the number of identified astronomical objects has risen from hundreds to over a billion, and more are discovered every year. Astronomers need universal systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects using
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who hold that they spring from innate mental processes. The literature of ethnobiological classifications was reviewed in 2006. Folk classification is defined by the way in which members of a language community name and categorize plants and animals whereas
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The scientific need for simple, stable and internationally accepted systems for naming objects of the natural world has generated many formal nomenclatural systems. Probably the best known of these nomenclatural systems are the five codes of
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of internationally accepted classification categories. Maintenance of this system involves formal rules of nomenclature and periodic international meetings of review. This modern system evolved from the folk taxonomy of prehistory.
1013:, like "love" and "hate" refer to abstract objects. In English, many abstract nouns are formed by adding noun-forming suffixes ('-ness', '-ity', '-tion') to adjectives or verbs e.g. "happiness", "serenity", "concentration." 2767:
will help to harmonize the appearance and increase the robustness of ontological representational units such as class and relation names. A full free access paper with the naming conventions is accessible online under
520:. Unlike scientific taxonomy, folk taxonomies serve many purposes. Examples in horticulture would be the grouping of plants, and naming of these groups, according to their properties and uses: 1172:
determines whether a particular organism matches a taxon that has already been classified and named – so classification must precede identification. This procedure is sometimes referred to as
1210:. The first botanical code was produced in 1905, the zoological code in 1889 and cultivated plant code in 1953. Agreement on the nomenclature and symbols for genes emerged in 1979. 3424: 1216: 5260: 997:. Many proper names are obscure in meaning as they lack any apparent meaning in the way that ordinary words mean, probably for the practical reason that when they consist of 601:
refers to the hierarchical structure, organic content, and cultural function of biological classification that ethnobiologists find in every society around the world.
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Elucidating the connections between language (especially names and nouns), meaning, and the way we perceive the world has provided a rich field of study for
2464: 1143:(though distinct from it). Moreover, the precision demanded by science in the accurate naming of objects in the natural world has resulted in a variety of 2582: 1383: 2526: 2238:
Place names of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities and Historic sites
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or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal
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Folk Taxonomy is generally associated with the way rural or indigenous peoples use language to make sense of and organise the objects around them.
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of everyday speech to the internationally agreed principles, rules and recommendations that govern the formation and use of the specialist
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in 1753 and 1758 respectively, it was a long time before there was international consensus concerning the more general rules governing
734:) and an adjectival second word that helps describe the first, and therefore makes the name, as a whole, more "specific", for example, 5533: 3614: 1250:(the International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature) – a recent code of biological nomenclature that took effect in 2020 (see also 644:. A single all-inclusive name rarely used in folk taxonomies but loosely equivalent to an original living thing, a "common ancestor" 3652: 3376: 1432:. These books are supplemented by shorter recommendations for specific circumstances which are published from time to time in the 2171: 2110: 5408: 794:
is derived from this simple and practical way of constructing common names—but with the use of Latin as a universal language.
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as people distinguish the objects of their experience, together with their similarities and differences, which observers
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are names with the same meaning, and so on. The entire field could be described as chrematonymy—the names of things.
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Modern scientific taxonomy has been described as "basically a Renaissance codification of folk taxonomic principles
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The capitalization of nouns varies with language and even the particular context: journals often have their own
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Folk Classification: A Topically Arranged Bibliography of Contemporary and Background References through 1971.
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these groups (ethnobiological categories) are arranged hierarchically, generally into mutually exclusive ranks
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Ethnobiological classification – principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional societies.
331:, which has a wide-ranging scope that encompasses all names, languages, and geographical regions, as well as 4398: 4025: 3977: 3645: 3584: 3484: 2490: 2443:
Enzyme Nomenclature 1992: Recommendations of the NCIUBMB on the Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes.
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who maintain that names and classifications reflect mainly material concerns, and "intellectualists" like
5624: 5538: 4503: 3703: 3325: 3275: 2167: 452: 380: 194: 693:. More or less equivalent to species. A secondary lexeme and generally less frequent than generic names. 5401: 4792: 4053: 3774: 3464: 3204: 3084: 2815: 1680: 1577: 1437: 1116:), and many personal names are derived from place-names, names of nations and the like (Wood, Bridge). 1100:
Toponymy has popular appeal because of its socio-cultural and historical interest and significance for
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and their function within the context of language, rather that as "labels" for objects and properties.
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the ranks at which particular organisms are named and classified is often similar in different cultures
303: 2751:, the study of names and naming practices, both in the United States and abroad. Retrieved 2010-01-11. 2144: 1897: 1642: 931:
generally used single names: each person was identified by a single name as either a personal name or
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are established for a purpose. The scientific classification system anchors each organism within the
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can be defined as the study of classification including its principles, procedures and rules, while
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like "cabbage" refer to physical bodies that can be observed by at least one of the senses while
869:. The distinction between names and nouns, if made at all, is extremely subtle, although clearly 248: 240: 236: 186: 4277: 5619: 5583: 5553: 5518: 4963: 4872: 4639: 4510: 4367: 3996: 3365: 3209: 3144: 2806: 2241: 1918: 1484: 1309: 1261: 1257: 821: 620:
in all languages there are about five or six ethnobiological categories of graded inclusiveness
412: 387:. In contrast, mutually unintelligible dialects that differ considerably in structure, such as 198: 993:, while common names are used in a more general sense in reference to a class of objects e.g. 593: 5588: 5523: 5503: 5493: 5394: 4714: 3759: 3340: 3320: 3255: 3139: 2921: 2673: 2341: 2284: 1510: 1505: 1488: 1195: 791: 717: 498: 480: 782:). These noun-adjective binomials are just like our own names with a family or surname like 5593: 5483: 5002: 4734: 4469: 3504: 3414: 3213: 3174: 2906: 2764: 1692: 1464: 1425: 1237: 833: 604: 589: 8: 5498: 5362: 5099: 5089: 5012: 4987: 4310: 4044: 4020: 3554: 3544: 3394: 3350: 3184: 2961: 2876: 2317: 1983: 1474: 1242: 392: 360: 2652: 490: 178: 5640: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5543: 5478: 5225: 5168: 4932: 4612: 4405: 4287: 3967: 3941: 3817: 3708: 3404: 3300: 3295: 3219: 3194: 2996: 2981: 2946: 2048: 2036: 1802: 1433: 1375: 1333: 1148: 1130: 1002: 837: 464: 384: 170: 147: 2757:
A wiki dedicated to the education and sharing of naming schemes. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
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Distinctions may be made between particular kinds of names simply by using the suffix
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In almost all cultures objects are named using one or two words equivalent to 'kind' (
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Newmaster, Stephen G., et al. 2006. "Mechanisms of Ethnobiological Classifications."
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and another adjectival Christian or forename name that specifies which Simpson, say
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these groups are arranged into more inclusive groups or ethnobiological categories
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in all languages natural groups of organisms are distinguished (present-day taxa)
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The Advent of PhyloCode: The Continuing Evolution of Biological Nomenclature
451:. Relevant areas of study include: the distinction between proper names and 5417: 5350: 5338: 5288: 5277: 5136: 4830: 4776: 4771: 4724: 4658: 4584: 4574: 4553: 4497: 4431: 4382: 4244: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4194: 4169: 4159: 4066: 3847: 3665: 3315: 3310: 3265: 3224: 3134: 3036: 2991: 2986: 2956: 2941: 2936: 1870: 1797: 1676:
Romani in Britain: The Afterlife of a Language: The Afterlife of a Language
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reality of such categories, especially those above the generic name level.
581: 524: 513: 400: 212: 208: 20: 2120: 1735: 790:. It seems reasonable to assume that the form of scientific names we call 5449: 5323: 5245: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4815: 4729: 4719: 4579: 4537: 4532: 4349: 4325: 4267: 4234: 4204: 4184: 4179: 4154: 4144: 4111: 4106: 3922: 3903: 3857: 3852: 3733: 3559: 3524: 3444: 3270: 3061: 3001: 2886: 2871: 2775: 2754: 2728:("What's In a Name?" Chapbook Series; 2.) Sioux City, Ia.: Schütz Verlag. 2233: 1589: 1585: 1525: 1101: 1025: 1018: 986: 982: 976: 972: 944: 936: 928: 924: 444: 425:
so, in some way, they mirror or represent the objects of our experience.
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includes an appendix (Appendix C) detailing problems of nomenclature in
919:. In England prior to the Norman invasion of 1066, small communities of 5465: 5434: 5316: 5299: 5240: 5220: 4877: 4805: 4752: 4748: 4676: 4492: 4459: 4392: 4295: 4239: 4061: 4015: 3972: 3927: 3878: 3811: 3791: 3754: 3728: 3684: 3679: 3564: 3355: 3199: 3154: 3031: 3006: 2931: 2866: 2748: 1698:
Languages in the world: how history culture and politics shape language
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Hopwood, Tindell A. 1959. "The Development of Pre-Linnaean Taxonomy."
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In a strictly scientific sense, nomenclature is regarded as a part of
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6:1–71 (English ed.), edited by M. Mauss. London: Cohen & West.
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Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Sections A, B, C, D, E, F, and H
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System of names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences
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like "he", "it", "which", and "those" stand in place of nouns in
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wild and cultivated plants (whether they are managed or not); and
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Describing Species: Practical Taxonomic Procedure for Biologists
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of things; or a single thing, either uniquely or within a given
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An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
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Illustrated Dictionary of Place Names: United States and Canada
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International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
1124: 994: 952: 235:(the derivation, history and use of names) as revealed through 139: 2203: 1408:, defines a large number of technical terms used in chemistry. 816:
A name is a label for any noun: names can identify a class or
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The application of unified labeling or naming conventions in
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Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature, Definitive Rules 1997.
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Westmead, Sydney: RCPA Haematology QAP. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
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Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry II: recommendations 2000
1800:, and Dennis E. Breedlove. 1971. "The Origins of Taxonomy." 1085:, the study of proper names of villages, towns and citties; 307:, which can also indicate a provider or announcer of names. 2466:
International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (PhyloCode)
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New Haven, CT: Yale University Department of Anthropology.
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Compendium of Chemical Terminology, IUPAC Recommendations.
2003:
Morris, B. 1984. "The Pragmatics of Folk Classification."
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The levels, moving from the most to least inclusive, are:
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embedded in different languages, connects nomenclature to
19:"Nomenclatura" redirects here. For the Soviet elites, see 1710:
Benesty, Jacob, M. Mohan Sondhi, and Yiteng Huang. 2008.
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International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
1097:, the study of proper names of mountains and hills, etc. 418: 1227:
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
1370:: the two publications containing the rules for naming 963:
names) are informal names used mostly between friends.
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Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon.
1980:
Naming Nature: The Clash Between Instinct and Science.
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Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon.
1081:, the study of proper names of regions and countries; 371:). However, they are favored as separate languages by 339:
conventions that are used for the formation of names.
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An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies
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Prosopography Approaches and Applications: A Handbook
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The Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System. 1978
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The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names
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can be illustrated through the Western tradition of
399:, are considered to be the same language due to the 121: 62: 3660: 2629:
3rd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
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2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
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Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry
455:; as well as the relationship between names, their 181:. The use of names, as the many different kinds of 109: 100: 50: 47: 2527:A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 2066:Mishler, Brent D.; Wilkins, John S. (March 2018). 1089:, the study of proper names of streets and roads; 428: 2462: 1443:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 1352:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 1222:International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes 1198:was rapidly adopted after the publication of his 989:is that proper names denote a unique entity e.g. 343:Influence of social, political, religious factors 5651: 2215: 966: 489:" Formal systems of scientific nomenclature and 359:are both closely related, mutually intelligible 2614:Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents. 417:Names provide us with a way of structuring and 2682:. Oxford: Unit for Prosopographical Research. 2463:Cantino, Philip D.; de Queiroz, Kevin (2020). 2065: 1622:Nomenclature – definitions from Dictionary.com 310: 154:used in scientific and any other disciplines. 5402: 3646: 2791: 2770:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/10/125 1598:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1232:International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 1093:, the study of proper names of water bodies; 864: 2642:. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 2544:Connelly Neil G., McCleverty Jon A. (2001). 2196:Glossary of linguistic terms: what is a noun 1966:Proceedings of the Linnaean Society (London) 1704: 1686: 1664: 1441:. These systems can be accessed through the 1125:Nomenclature, classification, identification 722:) the name usually consists of a noun (like 301:refers to a list of names, as does the word 2739:International Council of Onomastic Sciences 2672: 2653:Symbols, units and nomenclature in physics. 2369:. London: Elsevier Academic Press. p. 552. 2209: 2072:Philosophy, Theory, and Practice in Biology 584:frames this interpretation through either " 294: 288: 278: 157:Naming "things" is a part of general human 5409: 5395: 3653: 3639: 3515:Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language 2805: 2798: 2784: 2703:. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. 2469:. CRC Press. p. Boca Raton, Florida. 1387:, contains recommendations for the use of 1119: 1050:(ὄνομα, 'name'). So we have, for example, 2640:Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature 2548:. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. 2441:NC-ICBMB & Webb, Edwin C.(eds) 1992. 2093: 2083: 2018: 1925:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1595:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 406: 379:respectively, as seen in the context of 2537: 2390:. New YorK: Columbia University Press. 1946:Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1895:. 1963. "Primitive Classifications ." 215:(concerned with human names, including 5652: 2108: 2102: 2059: 2019:Guasparri, Andrea (14 February 2022). 2012: 1789: 1787: 1719:Springer handbook of speech processing 383:resulting in the violence of the 1947 5390: 3634: 2779: 2313: 2311: 1853: 1851: 1576: 1548: 1457:: the classic English translation of 1147:(worldwide-accepted sets of rules on 2696: 2221: 1350:in general. It is maintained by the 5615:International scientific vocabulary 2660:93(1–2):1–60. Retrieved 2009-09-23. 2348:(6th ed.) Oxford: Clarenden Press. 1784: 1778:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1741:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 824:. Names are given, for example, to 13: 2718: 2424:. New York: Columbia Press. p.10. 2308: 2037:10.5252/anthropozoologica2022v57a2 1848: 1759:Australasian Journal of Philosophy 1346:and for describing the science of 1275:Global Medical Device Nomenclature 1260:– international standard on human 801: 14: 5681: 2732: 2588:Blackwell Scientific Publications 2532:Blackwell Scientific Publications 2346:Shorter Oxford English Dictionary 2326:Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy 2176:Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1448: 880: 5635: 5416: 4301:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2109:Laurin, Michel (3 August 2023). 2085:10.3998/ptpbio.16039257.0010.001 1713:Separate Language Versus Dialect 1554:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary 1320:International Astronomical Union 716:). When made up of two words (a 470: 231:(the study of place names); and 96: 37: 2645: 2632: 2619: 2606: 2593: 2574: 2562: 2518: 2499: 2483: 2435: 2414: 2401: 2380: 2359: 2335: 2290: 2270: 2254: 2227: 2187: 2161: 2137: 1997: 1972: 1957: 1936: 1912: 1886: 1864: 1833: 1809: 1765: 1747: 1724:Springer Science+Business Media 1475:symbols, units and nomenclature 1301:astronomical naming conventions 1294:Astronomical naming conventions 915:(if given then), or simply the 429:Names, words, language, meaning 401:pan-Islamism religious identity 5534:Language-for-specific-purposes 3455:Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 2193:Loos, Eugene E., et al. 2003. 1729: 1661:2.) Sioux City: Schütz Verlag. 1647: 1636: 1612: 1570: 1542: 1031: 169:: it is an aspect of everyday 1: 3336:Principle of compositionality 2407:Lawrence, George H. M. 1951. 1536: 1236:Virus nomenclature – used in 967:Common names and proper names 859:is possibly derived from the 211:and their origins, includes: 3485:Philosophical Investigations 2411:. New York: Macmillan. p. 3. 1756:. 1981. "What's in a name?" 1327: 1287: 861:Proto-Indo-European language 293:('to call'). The Latin term 265: 7: 5625:List of online dictionaries 3326:Modality (natural language) 2761:Ontology Naming Conventions 2724:Scheetz, George H. (1988). 2409:Taxonomy of Vascular Plants 2147:Online Etymology Dictionary 1873:, Dennis E. Breedlove, and 1806:174(4015):1210–13. p. 1210. 1494: 1061: 311:Onomastics and nomenclature 10: 5686: 4964:Imperial, royal, and noble 3465:Language, Truth, and Logic 3205:Theological noncognitivism 3090:Contrast theory of meaning 3085:Causal theory of reference 2816:Index of language articles 2666: 2365:Simpson, Michael G. 2006. 2095:2027/spo.16039257.0010.001 1681:Edinburgh University Press 1438:Pure and Applied Chemistry 1331: 1291: 1183: 1179: 1128: 1065: 1035: 970: 884: 805: 474: 432: 410: 314: 18: 5633: 5607: 5463: 5424: 5371: 5179: 5151: 5048:Imperial, royal and noble 5033: 4944: 4925: 4858: 4747: 4657: 4565: 4483: 4445: 4422: 4339: 4286: 4253: 4168: 4135: 4052: 4041: 3936: 3866: 3747: 3721: 3672: 3605: 3550:Philosophy of information 3537: 3386: 3238: 3150:Mediated reference theory 3075: 2822: 2813: 2489:Rozenberg, Gillian 2004. 2386:Winston, Judith E. 1999. 1695:, and Phillip M. Carter. 1653:Scheetz, George H. 1988. 1556:(3rd ed.). Longman. 1420:(in association with the 1395:(in association with the 1252:Phylogenetic nomenclature 1149:biological classification 712:) and 'particular kind' ( 636:"unique beginner" — e.g. 495:biological classification 3889:Maiden and married names 3475:Two Dogmas of Empiricism 2445:London: Academic Press. 1744:. Retrieved: 2009-09-23. 1430:macromolecular chemistry 1135:Identification (biology) 981:The distinction between 435:Proper name (philosophy) 5670:Linguistics terminology 5665:Scientific nomenclature 5376:Category:Lists of names 3276:Use–mention distinction 3120:Direct reference theory 2616:London: Portland Press. 2242:McFarland & Company 2184:. Retrieved 2009-09-23. 2006:Journal of Ethnobiology 1880:American Anthropologist 1842:Journal of Ethnobiology 1781:. Retrieved 2009-09-23. 1208:biological nomenclature 1186:Biological nomenclature 1120:Scientific nomenclature 865: 696:"varietal name" — e.g. 685:"specific name" — e.g. 535:(nature of life cycle); 249:biological nomenclature 241:descriptive linguistics 187:theoretical linguistics 5620:List of lexicographers 4306:Eritrean and Ethiopian 3210:Theory of descriptions 3145:Linguistic determinism 2807:Philosophy of language 2674:Keats-Rohan, Katharine 2420:Stuessy, Tod F. 2008. 1342:is a system of naming 1315:Meteorite nomenclature 1310:Planetary nomenclature 1258:Terminologia Anatomica 1054:name bodies of water, 899:, also referred to as 776:giant stinking hogweed 666:"generic name" — e.g. 499:classification systems 413:Philosophy of language 295: 289: 279: 199:philosophy of language 5549:Monolingual learner's 5236:Galton–Watson process 4841:Ancient Tamil country 4263:Australian Aboriginal 3321:Mental representation 3256:Linguistic relativity 3140:Inquisitive semantics 2772:Retrieved 2010-01-11. 2745:American Name Society 2741:Retrieved 2009-09-23. 2697:Room, Adrian (1996). 2492:Red Cell Nomenclature 2200:Retrieved 2009-09-23. 2173:The Grammar of Names. 2121:10.1201/9781003092827 1978:Yoon, Carol K. 2009. 1942:Berlin, Brent. 1992. 1839:Balee, William 1993. 1693:Andresen, Julie Tetel 1657:("What's In a Name?" 1511:Controlled vocabulary 1506:British Approved Name 1489:archaeological record 1271:Red Cell Nomenclature 1196:binomial nomenclature 1145:codes of nomenclature 792:binomial nomenclature 481:Binomial nomenclature 465:structure of language 407:Cultural nomenclature 381:Hindu-Muslim conflict 348:considered the same. 5003:Post-nominal letters 4122:Indigenous Taiwanese 3505:Naming and Necessity 3415:De Arte Combinatoria 3214:Definite description 3175:Semantic externalism 2765:ontology engineering 1984:W.W. Norton & Co 1898:L'Année Sociologique 1465:weights and measures 1426:analytical chemistry 1262:anatomic terminology 1238:Virus classification 951:or occasionally the 605:Ethnographic studies 590:Bronislaw Malinowski 361:Hindustani languages 321:The study of proper 274:is derived from the 5589:Spelling dictionary 5499:Defining vocabulary 5363:Surnames by country 4988:Pre-nominal letters 4045:Surnames by country 3555:Philosophical logic 3545:Analytic philosophy 3351:Sense and reference 3230:Verification theory 3185:Situation semantics 2586:(3rd ed.). Oxford: 2297:Powell, Margaret S. 1393:physical quantities 1376:inorganic compounds 1243:Enzyme nomenclature 873:refers to names as 647:"life form" — e.g. 594:Claude Lévi-Strauss 493:are exemplified by 5641:Linguistics portal 5474:Advanced learner's 5226:Endonym and exonym 5169:Calendar of saints 5152:Related traditions 4926:Manners of address 4288:Sub-Saharan Africa 3709:Nobiliary particle 3405:Port-Royal Grammar 3301:Family resemblance 3220:Theory of language 3195:Supposition theory 2342:Onions, Charles T. 2212:, p. 164-165. 2078:(20220112): 1–18. 1919:Levy-Bruhl, Lucien 1816:Conklin, Harold C. 1803:Science New Series 1344:chemical compounds 1340:IUPAC nomenclature 1334:IUPAC nomenclature 1131:Taxonomy (biology) 1028:for common names. 1005:e.g. "committee". 959:(sometimes called 875:lexical categories 863:hypothesised word 844:names—and even to 385:Partition of India 5647: 5646: 5384: 5383: 5312:Personal identity 5147: 5146: 4854: 4853: 4795: 4743: 4742: 4704: 4697: 4690: 4648: 4629: 4622: 4615: 4608: 4556: 4527: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4408: 4401: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4075: 3867:By life situation 3820: 3628: 3627: 3130:Dynamic semantics 2755:Namingschemes.com 2451:978-0-12-227165-6 2396:978-0-231-06825-3 2375:978-0-12-644460-5 2367:Plant Systematics 2354:978-0-19-923324-3 2330:Oliver & Boyd 2322:Vernon H. Heywood 2277:Harder, Kelsie B. 2250:978-0-7864-0172-7 2240:. Jefferson, NC: 2182:978-0-19-929741-2 2168:Anderson, John M. 2130:978-1-003-09282-7 2025:Anthropozoologica 1992:978-0-393-06197-0 1952:978-0-691-09469-4 1923:How Natives Think 1907:978-0-226-17334-4 1605:978-0-521-15255-6 1563:978-1-4058-8118-0 1521:Naming convention 1277:(GMDN) – used in 1267:Gene nomenclature 1200:Species Plantarum 1046:, from the Greek 421:the world in our 5677: 5639: 5539:Machine-readable 5411: 5404: 5397: 5388: 5387: 5197:Anthropomorphism 4942: 4941: 4890:Buddhist surname 4791: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4646:Hispanic America 4644: 4625: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4552: 4523: 4516: 4511:African-American 4509: 4502: 4420: 4419: 4404: 4397: 4368:Ashkenazi Jewish 4173:and Western Asia 4138:and Central Asia 4092: 4085: 4078: 4071: 4050: 4049: 3911:Placeholder name 3816: 3760:Double-barrelled 3655: 3648: 3641: 3632: 3631: 3590:Formal semantics 3538:Related articles 3530: 3520: 3510: 3500: 3490: 3480: 3470: 3460: 3450: 3440: 3430: 3420: 3410: 3400: 3170:Relevance theory 3165:Phallogocentrism 2800: 2793: 2786: 2777: 2776: 2714: 2693: 2661: 2649: 2643: 2636: 2630: 2623: 2617: 2610: 2604: 2597: 2591: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2541: 2535: 2522: 2516: 2503: 2497: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2460: 2454: 2439: 2433: 2418: 2412: 2405: 2399: 2384: 2378: 2363: 2357: 2339: 2333: 2315: 2306: 2294: 2288: 2274: 2268: 2258: 2252: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2210:Keats-Rohan 2007 2207: 2201: 2191: 2185: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2155: 2141: 2135: 2134: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2087: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2016: 2010: 2001: 1995: 1976: 1970: 1961: 1955: 1940: 1934: 1916: 1910: 1890: 1884: 1868: 1862: 1855: 1846: 1837: 1831: 1813: 1807: 1791: 1782: 1769: 1763: 1751: 1745: 1733: 1727: 1708: 1702: 1690: 1684: 1668: 1662: 1651: 1645: 1640: 1634: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1546: 999:Collective nouns 868: 780:hammerhead shark 702:butter lima bean 608:human instinct. 503:nested hierarchy 300: 292: 282: 256:scientific names 251:that govern the 137: 136: 133: 132: 129: 126: 123: 120: 117: 114: 111: 108: 105: 102: 95: 87: 86: 83: 82: 79: 74: 73: 70: 67: 64: 61: 58: 55: 52: 49: 46: 43: 36: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5650: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5629: 5603: 5459: 5427:reference works 5420: 5415: 5385: 5380: 5367: 5202:Personification 5175: 5143: 5029: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4917:Theophoric name 4850: 4755: 4739: 4653: 4561: 4479: 4441: 4418: 4347: 4335: 4282: 4249: 4172: 4164: 4137: 4131: 4043: 4037: 3932: 3899:Posthumous name 3862: 3743: 3717: 3668: 3659: 3629: 3624: 3601: 3580:School of Names 3533: 3528: 3518: 3508: 3498: 3495:Of Grammatology 3488: 3478: 3468: 3458: 3448: 3438: 3428: 3418: 3408: 3398: 3382: 3234: 3180:Semantic holism 3160:Non-cognitivism 3100:Conventionalism 3071: 2818: 2809: 2804: 2735: 2721: 2719:Further reading 2711: 2690: 2669: 2664: 2650: 2646: 2637: 2633: 2624: 2620: 2611: 2607: 2598: 2594: 2579: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2542: 2538: 2523: 2519: 2504: 2500: 2488: 2484: 2477: 2461: 2457: 2440: 2436: 2419: 2415: 2406: 2402: 2385: 2381: 2364: 2360: 2340: 2336: 2318:Davis, Peter H. 2316: 2309: 2305:38(1/2):49–141. 2295: 2291: 2275: 2271: 2259: 2255: 2232: 2228: 2220: 2216: 2208: 2204: 2192: 2188: 2166: 2162: 2153: 2151: 2143: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2107: 2103: 2064: 2060: 2017: 2013: 2002: 1998: 1977: 1973: 1962: 1958: 1941: 1937: 1917: 1913: 1893:Durkheim, Emile 1891: 1887: 1869: 1865: 1856: 1849: 1838: 1834: 1814: 1810: 1794:Raven, Peter H. 1792: 1785: 1770: 1766: 1752: 1748: 1734: 1730: 1709: 1705: 1691: 1687: 1669: 1665: 1659:Chapbook Series 1652: 1648: 1641: 1637: 1628: 1626: 1618: 1617: 1613: 1606: 1575: 1571: 1564: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1497: 1460:De re metallica 1451: 1336: 1330: 1296: 1290: 1279:medical devices 1204:Systema Naturae 1188: 1182: 1137: 1129:Main articles: 1127: 1122: 1070: 1064: 1040: 1034: 979: 971:Main articles: 969: 893: 885:Main articles: 883: 814: 806:Main articles: 804: 802:Names and nouns 586:utilitarianists 567:(growth habit); 553:(culinary use); 483: 475:Main articles: 473: 441: 433:Main articles: 431: 415: 409: 397:Lebanese Arabic 389:Moroccan Arabic 345: 319: 313: 268: 207:, the study of 197:relates to the 99: 90: 89: 76: 40: 31: 30: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5683: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5645: 5644: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5611: 5609: 5605: 5604: 5602: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5470: 5468: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5422: 5421: 5414: 5413: 5406: 5399: 5391: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5378: 5372: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5365: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5326: 5321: 5320: 5319: 5309: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5250: 5249: 5248: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5194: 5189: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5172: 5171: 5161: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5148: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5134: 5132:Ecclesiastical 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5045: 5039: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5010: 5000: 4990: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4982: 4981: 4979:Ecclesiastical 4971: 4966: 4961: 4950: 4948: 4939: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4868:Christian name 4864: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4797: 4796: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4763: 4761: 4758:Southeast Asia 4745: 4744: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4698: 4691: 4682:Eastern Slavic 4679: 4674: 4669: 4663: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4649: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4571: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4559: 4558: 4557: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4529: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4507: 4495: 4489: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4439: 4434: 4428: 4426: 4417: 4416: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4402: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4292: 4290: 4284: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4259: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4187: 4182: 4176: 4174: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4098: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4064: 4058: 4056: 4047: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4029: 4028: 4023: 4013: 4006: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3989: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3960: 3953: 3947: 3945: 3934: 3933: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3919: 3918: 3908: 3907: 3906: 3901: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3762: 3757: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3713: 3712: 3711: 3701: 3687: 3682: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3662:Personal names 3658: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3635: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3593: 3592: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3521: 3511: 3501: 3491: 3481: 3471: 3461: 3451: 3441: 3431: 3421: 3411: 3401: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3331:Presupposition 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3110:Deconstruction 3107: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3087: 3081: 3079: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2828: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2814: 2811: 2810: 2803: 2802: 2795: 2788: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2758: 2752: 2742: 2734: 2733:External links 2731: 2730: 2729: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2709: 2694: 2688: 2676:, ed. (2007). 2668: 2665: 2663: 2662: 2644: 2631: 2618: 2605: 2592: 2573: 2561: 2554: 2536: 2517: 2513:Pergamon Press 2498: 2482: 2475: 2455: 2434: 2422:Plant Taxonomy 2413: 2400: 2379: 2358: 2334: 2307: 2289: 2269: 2261:Ekwall, Eilert 2253: 2226: 2214: 2202: 2186: 2160: 2136: 2129: 2101: 2058: 2011: 1996: 1971: 1956: 1935: 1911: 1885: 1875:Peter H. Raven 1863: 1847: 1832: 1808: 1783: 1764: 1746: 1728: 1703: 1685: 1663: 1646: 1635: 1611: 1604: 1569: 1562: 1550:Wells, John C. 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1491: 1478: 1468: 1450: 1449:Other sciences 1447: 1410: 1409: 1400: 1379: 1332:Main article: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1292:Main article: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1282: 1272: 1269: 1264: 1255: 1245: 1240: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1184:Main article: 1181: 1178: 1170:Identification 1159:classification 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1066:Main article: 1063: 1060: 1036:Main article: 1033: 1030: 1011:abstract nouns 1007:Concrete nouns 968: 965: 913:baptismal name 897:personal names 882: 881:Personal names 879: 803: 800: 706: 705: 698:baby lima bean 694: 683: 664: 645: 630: 629: 628: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 578: 577: 571: 568: 554: 547:culinary herbs 536: 491:classification 472: 469: 430: 427: 411:Main article: 408: 405: 367:and the other 344: 341: 333:cultural areas 315:Main article: 312: 309: 267: 264: 217:personal names 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5682: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5657: 5655: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5462: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5407: 5405: 5400: 5398: 5393: 5392: 5389: 5377: 5374: 5373: 5370: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5129: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4924: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4912:Mandaean name 4910: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4873:Biblical name 4871: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4656: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4628: 4624: 4621: 4617: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4602: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4555: 4551: 4550: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4526: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4508: 4505: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4400: 4399:Ancient Greek 4396: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4346: 4345:North America 4342: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4285: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4136:Northern Asia 4134: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4018: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4011: 4007: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3994: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3987: 3986:Nom de guerre 3983: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3958: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3842: 3839: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3720: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673:Personal name 3671: 3667: 3663: 3656: 3651: 3649: 3644: 3642: 3637: 3636: 3633: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3604: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3575:Scholasticism 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3536: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3517: 3516: 3512: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3446: 3442: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3190:Structuralism 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3115:Descriptivism 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3096: 3095:Contrastivism 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2812: 2808: 2801: 2796: 2794: 2789: 2787: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2771: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2727: 2723: 2722: 2712: 2710:9780810831698 2706: 2702: 2701: 2695: 2691: 2689:9781900934121 2685: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2628: 2622: 2615: 2609: 2602: 2596: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2580:IUPAC. 2007. 2577: 2571: 2565: 2557: 2555:0-85404-487-6 2551: 2547: 2540: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2524:IUPAC. 1993. 2521: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2505:IUPAC. 1979. 2502: 2495: 2493: 2486: 2478: 2472: 2468: 2467: 2459: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2431: 2430:0-231-06784-4 2427: 2423: 2417: 2410: 2404: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2383: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2331: 2328:. Edinburgh: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2312: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2223: 2218: 2211: 2206: 2199: 2197: 2190: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2150: 2148: 2140: 2132: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2115:. CRC Press. 2114: 2113: 2105: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2015: 2008: 2007: 2000: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1932: 1931:0-691-02034-5 1928: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1882: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1871:Berlin, Brent 1867: 1860: 1854: 1852: 1845:13(1):144–47. 1844: 1843: 1836: 1829: 1828:0-913516-02-3 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1798:Berlin, Brent 1795: 1790: 1788: 1780: 1779: 1774: 1768: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1714: 1707: 1700: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1682: 1679:. Edinburgh: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1671:Matras, Yaron 1667: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1639: 1625: 1623: 1615: 1607: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1578:Jones, Daniel 1573: 1565: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1545: 1541: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1335: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1304: 1302: 1295: 1280: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1177: 1175: 1174:determination 1171: 1167: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1136: 1132: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1072:Toponyms are 1069: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1039: 1029: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 991:London Bridge 988: 984: 978: 974: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 929:Scandinavians 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 892: 891:Personal name 888: 878: 876: 872: 867: 862: 858: 853: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 828:or any other 827: 823: 819: 813: 809: 799: 795: 793: 789: 788:Homer Simpson 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 720: 715: 711: 703: 699: 695: 692: 688: 684: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 643: 639: 635: 634: 633: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 612: 611: 610: 609: 606: 602: 600: 599:ethnotaxonomy 595: 591: 587: 583: 575: 572: 569: 566: 562: 558: 555: 552: 548: 544: 540: 537: 534: 530: 526: 523: 522: 521: 519: 515: 511: 510:Folk taxonomy 507: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 482: 478: 477:Folk taxonomy 471:Folk taxonomy 468: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 440: 436: 426: 424: 420: 414: 404: 402: 398: 394: 393:Yemeni Arabic 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 351:For example, 349: 340: 336: 334: 330: 329: 324: 318: 308: 306: 305: 299: 298: 291: 286: 281: 277: 273: 263: 261: 257: 254: 250: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 200: 196: 192: 191:word meanings 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 159:communication 155: 153: 149: 145: 141: 135: 93: 85: 34: 28: 22: 5579:Single-field 5514:Etymological 5509:Encyclopedic 5489:Biographical 5466:dictionaries 5418:Lexicography 5351:Signum manus 5339:Royal cypher 5304: 5289:Nomen nescio 5287: 5283:Nomenclature 5282: 5278:Naming taboo 5090:Professional 4933:of authority 4883:Saint's name 4548:Scandinavian 4170:Muslim world 4008: 3984: 3955: 3807:Occupational 3666:anthroponymy 3523: 3513: 3503: 3493: 3483: 3473: 3463: 3453: 3433: 3423: 3413: 3403: 3393: 3375: 3316:Metalanguage 3311:Logical form 3266:Truth-bearer 3225:Unilalianism 3135:Expressivism 2962:Wittgenstein 2907:von Humboldt 2824:Philosophers 2725: 2699: 2678: 2655: 2647: 2639: 2638:IUPAC 1991. 2634: 2626: 2625:IUPAC 1998. 2621: 2613: 2612:IUPAC 1992. 2608: 2600: 2599:IUPAC 1997. 2595: 2581: 2576: 2564: 2545: 2539: 2525: 2520: 2506: 2501: 2491: 2485: 2465: 2458: 2442: 2437: 2421: 2416: 2408: 2403: 2387: 2382: 2366: 2361: 2345: 2344:, ed. 2007. 2337: 2325: 2300: 2292: 2285:Van Nostrand 2283:. New York: 2280: 2272: 2264: 2256: 2237: 2234:Room, Adrian 2229: 2217: 2205: 2195: 2189: 2172: 2163: 2152:. Retrieved 2146: 2139: 2111: 2104: 2075: 2071: 2061: 2028: 2024: 2014: 2004: 1999: 1979: 1974: 1965: 1959: 1943: 1938: 1922: 1914: 1896: 1888: 1878: 1866: 1858: 1840: 1835: 1819: 1811: 1801: 1776: 1767: 1757: 1749: 1739: 1731: 1718: 1712: 1706: 1697: 1688: 1675: 1666: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1643:Nomenclature 1638: 1627:. Retrieved 1621: 1614: 1593: 1590:Esling, John 1586:Setter, Jane 1582:Roach, Peter 1572: 1553: 1544: 1531:Nomenklatura 1480: 1470: 1458: 1454: 1436: 1418:biochemistry 1411: 1403: 1382: 1365: 1359: 1339: 1337: 1297: 1194:' system of 1189: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1140: 1138: 1108:characters ( 1106:mythological 1099: 1074:proper names 1071: 1047: 1041: 1026:house styles 1023: 1019:noun phrases 987:common names 983:proper names 980: 961:hypocoristic 925:Anglo-Saxons 900: 894: 887:Anthroponymy 870: 856: 854: 815: 796: 787: 783: 779: 775: 772:poison apple 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 718: 713: 709: 707: 701: 697: 690: 686: 679: 675: 671: 667: 660: 656: 652: 648: 641: 637: 631: 603: 582:Ethnobiology 579: 514:horticulture 509: 508: 486: 484: 459:, meanings ( 453:proper nouns 445:philosophers 442: 416: 365:sanskritised 350: 346: 337: 326: 325:is known as 320: 302: 297:nomenclatura 272:nomenclature 271: 269: 245: 213:anthroponymy 209:proper names 203: 156: 27:Nomenclature 26: 25: 21:Nomenklatura 5584:Specialized 5554:Multi-field 5519:Explanatory 5450:Phrase book 5324:Proper name 5246:Name change 5100:Educational 5078:Substantive 5017:decorations 4900:Jewish name 4895:Dharma name 4860:By religion 4525:Hongkongese 4350:Australasia 4190:Azerbaijani 3923:Regnal name 3904:Temple name 3734:Middle name 3722:By sequence 3699:Matrilineal 3695:Patrilineal 3560:Linguistics 3525:Limited Inc 3445:On Denoting 3271:Proposition 2922:de Saussure 2887:Ibn Khaldun 2009:4(1):45–60. 1969:170:230–34. 1859:Ethnobotany 1526:Terminology 1481:Archaeology 1102:cartography 1032:-onym nouns 977:Proper name 973:Common name 945:family name 937:second name 901:prosoponyms 463:), and the 363:(one being 304:nomenclator 237:comparative 177:, name and 152:terminology 148:conventions 5654:Categories 5524:Historical 5504:Electronic 5494:Conceptual 5435:Dictionary 5317:Identifier 5300:Onomastics 5241:Legal name 5221:Deadnaming 5117:Diplomatic 5073:Subsidiary 5068:Hereditary 4959:Diplomatic 4878:Papal name 4787:Indonesian 4753:South Asia 4749:Indosphere 4715:Macedonian 4688:Belarusian 4595:Portuguese 4437:Lithuanian 4331:Zimbabwean 4127:Vietnamese 4087:Generation 4054:East Asian 4042:By culture 4016:Stage name 3973:Hypocorism 3938:Pseudonyms 3928:Slave name 3879:Birth name 3831:Teknonymic 3812:Patronymic 3792:Matronymic 3755:Diminutive 3729:First name 3685:Given name 3680:Birth name 3620:Discussion 3615:Task Force 3565:Pragmatics 3356:Speech act 3286:Categories 3200:Symbiosism 3155:Nominalism 3067:Watzlawick 2947:Bloomfield 2867:Chrysippus 2749:onomastics 2568:available 2530:. Oxford: 2511:. 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Index

Nomenklatura
UK
/nˈmɛŋkləər,nə-/
US
/ˈnmənklər/
system
names
conventions
terminology
communication
words
language
taxonomy
identify
classify
nouns
theoretical linguistics
word meanings
experience
philosophy of language
Onomastics
proper names
anthroponymy
personal names
surnames
nicknames
toponymy
etymology
comparative
descriptive linguistics

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