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211:(also called a Merkel cell-neurite complex). They are associated with slowly adapting (SA1) somatosensory nerve fibers. They react to low vibrations (5–15 Hz) and deep static touch such as shapes and edges. Due to a small receptive field (extremely detailed info) they are densely present in areas like fingertips; they are not covered (shelled) and thus respond to pressures over long periods.
239:
or "touch cells". Until recently this proposed function was controversial and hard to prove, due to the close physical association of Merkel cells with sensory nerve endings. However, recent work in mice and other model organisms demonstrates that Merkel cells intrinsically transform touch into
192:
approximately 10 μm in diameter. They are oval-shaped mechanoreceptors essential for light touch sensation and found in the skin of vertebrates. They are abundant in highly sensitive skin like that of the fingertips in humans, and make synaptic contacts with
244:, a mechanosensitive ion channel that responds to mechanical forces. Mice in which Piezo2 is knocked-out specifically in skin cells, but not sensory neurons, show decreased behavioral responses to gentle touch.
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251:(an older definition, more commonly classified as a part of dispersed neuroendocrine system) because they contain dense core granules, and thus may also have a
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Halata Z, Grim M, Bauman KI (March 2003). "Friedrich
Sigmund Merkel and his "Merkel cell", morphology, development, and physiology: review and new results".
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Merkel cells are found in the skin and some parts of the mucosa of all vertebrates. In mammalian skin, they are clear cells found in the
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The origin of Merkel cells has been debated for over 20 years. Evidence from skin graft experiments in birds implies that they are
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Halata Z, Baumann KI, Grim M (January 2008). "6.02 - Merkel Cells". In
Masland RH, Albright TD, Albright TD, Masland RH (eds.).
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Barbieri JS, Wanat K, Seykora J (January 2014). "Skin: Basic
Structure and Function". In McManus LM, Mitchell RN (eds.).
735:"Merkel Cell Carcinomas Arising in Autoimmune Disease Affected Patients Treated with Biologic Drugs, Including Anti-TNF"
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Fenner J, Clark RA (January 2016). "Anatomy, Physiology, Histology, and
Immunohistochemistry of Human Skin".
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539:"Epidermal progenitors give rise to Merkel cells during embryonic development and adult homeostasis"
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Van
Keymeulen A, Mascre G, Youseff KK, Harel I, Michaux C, De Geest N, et al. (October 2009).
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Maksimovic S, Nakatani M, Baba Y, Nelson AM, Marshall KL, Wellnitz SA, et al. (May 2014).
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The
Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology
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Rotondo JC, Bononi I, Puozzo A, Govoni M, Foschi V, Lanza G, et al. (July 2017).
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588:"Epidermal Merkel cells are mechanosensory cells that tune mammalian touch receptors"
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electrical signals that are transmitted to the nervous system. Merkel cells express
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Most often, they are associated with sensory nerve endings, when they are known as
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Woo SH, Ranade S, Weyer AD, Dubin AE, Baba Y, Qiu Z, et al. (May 2014).
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derived, but experiments in mammals now demonstrate an epidermal origin.
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36:(shown in blue) are located in the basal epidermal layer of the skin.
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Morrison KM, Miesegaes GR, Lumpkin EA, Maricich SM (December 2009).
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490:"Mammalian Merkel cells are descended from the epidermal lineage"
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The Merkel cell: structure-development-function- cancerogenesis
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Munde PB, Khandekar SP, Dive AM, Sharma A (September 2013).
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List of keratins expressed in the human integumentary system
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154:. It has been reported that Merkel cells are derived from
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645:"Piezo2 is required for Merkel-cell mechanotransduction"
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List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
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List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
704:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 1134–1144.
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359:Skin Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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328:. New York: Academic Press. pp. 33–38.
188:(at the bottom of sweat duct ridges) of the
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841:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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247:Merkel cells are sometimes considered
1298:Somatosensory system (sense of touch)
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450:Baumann KI, Halata Z, Moll I (2003).
326:The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference
1283:Vestibular system (sense of balance)
16:Receptors in the skin of vertebrates
13:
1278:Auditory system (sense of hearing)
853:Neuroscience Information Framework
710:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.03501-2
367:10.1016/b978-0-12-801654-1.00001-2
147:, and make synaptic contacts with
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1293:Gustatory system (sense of taste)
1288:Olfactory system (sense of smell)
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361:. Academic Press. pp. 1–17.
1545:Infrared sensing in vampire bats
786:"Pathophysiology of merkel cell"
334:10.1016/b978-012370880-9.00341-8
267:may become malignant and form a
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100:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
1273:Visual system (sense of vision)
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849:NIF Search - Merckel Disc Cell
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752:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2899
702:Pathobiology of Human Disease
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162:have indicated that they are
2061:Olfactory reference syndrome
1838:Alice in Wonderland syndrome
259:Susceptibility to malignancy
235:referred to Merkel cells as
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2260:Sensory processing disorder
1430:Gustation (taste or flavor)
1420:Equilibrioception (balance)
543:The Journal of Cell Biology
506:10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.09.032
392:Junqueira's Basic Histology
390:Mescher, Anthony L (2016).
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263:Although uncommon, these
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1970:Music-specific disorders
1326:Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
843:Medical Subject Headings
803:10.4103/0973-029x.125208
739:Clinical Cancer Research
233:Friedrich Sigmund Merkel
125:tactile epithelial cells
1950:Auditory verbal agnosia
1804:Juxtacapillary receptor
1014:Intrafusal muscle fiber
1945:Auditory hallucination
1555:Surface wave detection
1160:Multimodal integration
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2204:Phantom limb syndrome
2152:Tactile hallucination
1341:Glossopharyngeal (IX)
1142:Active sensory system
555:10.1083/jcb.200907080
494:Developmental Biology
456:. Springer. pp.
290:Merkel cell carcinoma
269:Merkel cell carcinoma
231:The German anatomist
198:afferent nerve fibers
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152:afferent nerve fibers
64:Light touch sensation
2306:Nervous tissue cells
2013:Labyrinthine fistula
1980:Spatial hearing loss
1679:Campaniform sensilla
1394:Somatosensory cortex
209:Merkel nerve endings
131:essential for light
121:Merkel–Ranvier cells
1799:Nociceptin receptor
1669:Merkel nerve ending
1654:Mechanotransduction
1019:Nuclear chain fiber
933:Merkel nerve ending
669:10.1038/nature13251
661:2014Natur.509..622W
612:10.1038/nature13250
604:2014Natur.509..617M
285:Merkel nerve ending
2161:Nociception (pain)
1753:Olfactory receptor
1705:Photoreceptor cell
1659:Lamellar corpuscle
1583:Photomorphogenesis
1445:nociception (pain)
1137:Sensory processing
913:Lamellar corpuscle
429:10.1002/ar.a.10029
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127:, are oval-shaped
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2278:Biases and errors
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2209:Somatoparaphrenia
2178:Pain dissociation
2023:Ménière's disease
1955:Cortical deafness
1833:Visual impairment
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1674:Bulbous corpuscle
1664:Tactile corpuscle
1632:sensory receptors
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1425:Olfaction (smell)
1379:Vestibular cortex
1361:Cerebral cortices
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1185:Motion perception
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1024:Nuclear bag fiber
963:Free nerve ending
943:Bulbous corpuscle
923:Tactile corpuscle
889:Sensory receptors
745:(14): 3929–3934.
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655:(7502): 622–626.
598:(7502): 617–621.
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376:978-0-12-801654-1
343:978-0-12-370880-9
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1530:Electroreception
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2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:Labyrinthitis
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
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1971:
1968:
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1779:
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1771:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1740:Chemoreceptor
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:Photoreceptor
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:Slit sensilla
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
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1657:
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1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1499:Visceral pain
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1451:
1450:thermoception
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
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1401:
1395:
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1387:
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1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:Visual cortex
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1331:Olfactory (I)
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1313:spinal nerves
1310:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
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1248:
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1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:Consciousness
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
993:
987:
984:
983:
981:
979:
975:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
958:
956:
952:
944:
941:
940:
938:
934:
931:
930:
928:
924:
921:
920:
918:
914:
911:
910:
908:
906:
903:
902:
900:
898:
894:
890:
883:
878:
876:
871:
869:
864:
863:
860:
854:
850:
847:
844:
840:
837:
836:
823:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
780:
772:
768:
763:
762:11392/2378829
758:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
729:
721:
715:
711:
707:
703:
696:
688:
684:
679:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
639:
631:
627:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
582:
574:
570:
565:
560:
556:
552:
549:(1): 91–100.
548:
544:
540:
533:
525:
521:
516:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
484:
469:
463:
459:
455:
454:
446:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
411:
403:
397:
393:
386:
378:
372:
368:
364:
360:
353:
345:
339:
335:
331:
327:
320:
316:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:
276:
274:
270:
266:
256:
254:
250:
245:
243:
238:
234:
224:
222:
215:Developmental
212:
210:
205:
203:
199:
196:
195:somatosensory
191:
187:
186:
176:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
149:somatosensory
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
107:
101:
97:
94:
91:
88:
84:
81:
78:
76:
72:
67:
63:
59:
56:
52:
49:
45:
40:
35:
30:
25:
20:
2311:Skin anatomy
2183:Phantom pain
2168:Hyperalgesia
2142:Hypoesthesia
1960:Hearing loss
1781:TRP channels
1758:Osmoreceptor
1725:Photopigment
1649:Baroreceptor
1588:Gravitropism
1560:Frog hearing
1540:Echolocation
1336:Facial (VII)
1047:Baroreceptor
919:Light touch
839:Merkel Cells
793:
789:
779:
742:
738:
728:
701:
695:
652:
648:
638:
595:
591:
581:
546:
542:
532:
500:(1): 76–83.
497:
493:
483:
471:. Retrieved
452:
445:
420:
416:
410:
391:
385:
358:
352:
325:
319:
262:
246:
236:
230:
221:neural crest
218:
206:
183:
181:
178:Merkel cell.
156:neural crest
124:
120:
117:Merkel cells
116:
115:
34:Merkel cells
33:
2265:Synesthesia
2173:Hypoalgesia
2147:Paresthesia
2132:Formication
2127:CMT disease
2094:Hypergeusia
1917:Visual snow
1892:Photophobia
1887:Papilledema
1877:Oscillopsia
1863:Hemeralopia
1730:Aureochrome
1565:Toad vision
1489:Suffocation
1403:Perceptions
1004:Golgi organ
978:Temperature
968:Nociceptors
273:skin cancer
202:rete ridges
166:in origin.
141:vertebrates
69:Identifiers
55:vertebrates
22:Merkel cell
2300:Categories
2285:Pareidolia
2240:Allochiria
2223:Multimodal
2104:Parageusia
2099:Hypogeusia
2071:Phantosmia
2051:Hyperosmia
1995:Vestibular
1975:Palinopsia
1935:Amblyaudia
1882:Palinopsia
1867:Nyctalopia
1791:Nociceptor
1598:Artificial
1321:Optic (II)
1152:Perception
1101:Processes
1093:perception
1042:Hair cells
909:Vibration
311:References
255:function.
249:APUD cells
237:Tastzellen
164:epithelial
2081:Gustatory
2033:Olfactory
1897:Photopsia
1843:Amaurosis
1817:Disorders
1710:Cone cell
1629:Types of
1240:Inner ear
1175:Cognition
1165:Awareness
1114:Sensation
1089:Sensation
929:Pressure
190:epidermis
170:Structure
93:nifext_87
2066:Parosmia
2056:Hyposmia
2046:Dysosmia
1985:Tinnitus
1927:Auditory
1902:Polyopia
1858:Diplopia
1715:Rod cell
1513:Nonhuman
1466:Internal
1307:Sensory
1213:External
1122:Stimulus
1105:concepts
939:Stretch
851:via the
822:24574661
771:28174236
687:24717433
630:24717432
573:19786578
524:19782676
437:12552639
279:See also
227:Function
87:NeuroLex
61:Function
47:Location
2235:Agnosia
2114:Tactile
2089:Ageusia
2041:Anosmia
2003:Vertigo
1907:Scotoma
1848:Anopsia
1309:cranial
1180:Feeling
813:3927344
678:4039622
657:Bibcode
621:4097312
600:Bibcode
564:2762088
515:2783667
160:mammals
80:D018862
42:Details
1825:Visual
1776:Cilium
1522:Animal
1494:Nausea
1484:Thirst
1479:Hunger
1351:Spinal
1190:Qualia
845:(MeSH)
820:
810:
769:
716:
685:
675:
649:Nature
628:
618:
592:Nature
571:
561:
522:
512:
464:
435:
398:
373:
340:
242:PIEZO2
145:humans
1720:ipRGC
1575:Plant
1435:Touch
1250:Mouth
1204:Human
1035:Other
897:Touch
473:2 May
265:cells
133:touch
104:[
2255:HSAN
2230:Aura
2008:BPPV
1865:and
1311:and
1255:Skin
1245:Nose
1235:Ears
1230:Eyes
1103:and
1091:and
955:Pain
818:PMID
767:PMID
714:ISBN
683:PMID
626:PMID
569:PMID
520:PMID
475:2010
462:ISBN
433:PMID
396:ISBN
371:ISBN
338:ISBN
137:skin
75:MeSH
51:Skin
808:PMC
798:doi
757:hdl
747:doi
706:doi
673:PMC
665:doi
653:509
616:PMC
608:doi
596:509
559:PMC
551:doi
547:187
510:PMC
502:doi
498:336
460:–.
425:doi
421:271
363:doi
330:doi
139:of
123:or
53:of
2302::
816:.
806:.
794:17
792:.
788:.
765:.
755:.
743:23
741:.
737:.
712:.
681:.
671:.
663:.
651:.
647:.
624:.
614:.
606:.
594:.
590:.
567:.
557:.
545:.
541:.
518:.
508:.
496:.
492:.
458:99
431:.
419:.
369:.
336:.
275:.
204:.
89:ID
1081:e
1074:t
1067:v
881:e
874:t
867:v
824:.
800::
773:.
759::
749::
722:.
708::
689:.
667::
659::
632:.
610::
602::
575:.
553::
526:.
504::
477:.
439:.
427::
404:.
379:.
365::
346:.
332::
108:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
