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In July 1901 a fire destroyed St. Paul's Church at
Metlakatla, demolishing what was said to have been the largest church north of San Francisco and west of Chicago, built by Duncan in 1874. Some sources indicate that the fire was started by a band of Alaska Tsimshians under Duncan's orders,
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tore through Lax Kw'alaams and the North Coast in general. Duncan was able to quarantine
Metlakatla by refusing to allow natives to be admitted who showed any signs of smallpox. His efforts resulted in Metlakatla being mostly spared from the disease, which had very high death rates in other
259:
Duncan's own style, in the image of which the new community was shaped, was a dissident, evangelical form of low-church
Anglicanism that omitted the sacrament of communion. This, and his independent temperament, led to Duncan's expulsion from the Church of England's
242:, the most powerful Tsimshian chief, continued to divide their time between Lax Kw'alaams and Metlakatla and continued to divide their allegiances between Christianity and the traditional culture. Other missionaries who served in Metlakatla have included
235:. Duncan used the epidemic to proselytize, saying that the disease had been sent by God as a punishment for the sins of the Tsimshian, and that those who repented and "came to Jesus" and were baptized would be spared.
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in 1881 and the creation of his own nondenominational "Independent Native Church." Eventually, in 1887, he took with him 800-some
Metlakatla Tsimshians in an epic canoe journey to found the new community of "New"
568:
Lindo, John; Huerta-Sánchez, Emilia; Nakagome, Shigeki; Rasmussen, Morten; Petzelt, Barbara; Mitchell, Joycelynn; Cybulski, Jerome S.; Willerslev, Eske; DeGiorgio, Michael (November 15, 2016).
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established at
Metlakatla a utopian Christian community, made up of about 350 Tsimshian from Lax Kw'alaams (a.k.a. Port Simpson) but with members of other Tsimshian tribes as well.
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Since those days, Metlakatla, B.C., has remained among the smallest of the
Tsimshian communities. In 1983 its population was 117, and quite dependent on the nearby city of
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183:. It is the one Tsimshian village in Canada that is not associated with one particular tribe or set of tribes out of the Tsimshian nation's 14 constituent tribes.
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After Duncan's departure, the 100 or so remaining residents of "Old
Metlakatla," as it was now sometimes known, were left in the hands of
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The Coming of the Spirit of
Pestilence: Introduced Infectious Diseases and Population Decline Among Northwest Coast Indians, 1774–1874
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meaning "saltwater pass." Traditionally, this site has been the collective winter village of the "Nine Tribes" of the lower
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Boyd, Robert; Boyd, Robert Thomas (1999). "A final disaster: the 1862 smallpox epidemic in coastal
British Columbia".
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ed. by Nora Marks
Dauenhauer and Richard Dauenhauer, pp. 665–676. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
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This article is about the Metlakatla in British Columbia, Canada. For "New Metlakatla" in Alaska, see
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Challenge the Wilderness: A Family Saga of Robert and Alice Tomlinson, Pioneer Medical Missionaries.
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570:"A time transect of exomes from a Native American population before and after European contact"
542:"Science is finally backing up what First Nations oral tradition has been saying for centuries"
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685:(National Museums of Canada Publications in History, no. 5.) Ottawa: National Museum of Man.
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of the Metlakatla, which had maintained their presence in the region for thousands of years.
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The Heavens Are Changing: Nineteenth-Century Protestant Missions and Tsimshian Christianity.
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A second St. Paul's Church was built in 1903 and was burned 11 years later.
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After the epidemic some of Duncan's followers, including his key convert,
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William Duncan of Metlakatla: A Victorian Missionary in British Columbia.
501:"Smallpox Epidemic of 1862 among Northwest Coast and Puget Sound Indians"
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linked the genome of 25 Indigenous people who inhabited modern-day
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The Apostle of Alaska: The Story of William Duncan of Metlakahtla.
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Johnson, Gertrude Mather (1994) "The Life of Peter Simpson." In
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Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 7: Northwest Coast,
471:. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 172–201.
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To cease giving away their property for display (i.e. the
646:(1990) "Tsimshians of British Columbia since 1900." In
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pp. 285–293. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
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Populated places in the North Coast Regional District
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1000 to 6000 years ago with their descendants in the
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179:, Canada. It is situated at Metlakatla Pass near
256:By 1879 the population had grown to about 1,100.
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655:Haa Kusteeyí, Our Culture: Tlingit Life Stories,
439:"The Church Missionary Atlas (British Columbia)"
215:places—over half of all indigenous peoples from
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250:, author of the North Coast missionary memoir
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674:Tomlinson, George, and Judith Young (1993)
203:, B.C. In 1862, the Anglican lay minister
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671:Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
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290:In 1972, Metlakatla Pass was designated a
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335:To give up their Ahlied or Indian devilry
540:Mortillaro, Nicole (November 22, 2016).
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212:1862 Pacific Northwest smallpox epidemic
338:To cease calling in conjurers when sick
308:In November 2016, a study published in
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354:To cease drinking intoxicating liquor
678:Seattle: Northwest Wilderness Books.
527:Canadian Register of Historic Places
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210:Almost immediately thereafter, the
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375:To be liberal and honest in trade
25:Place in British Columbia, Canada
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191:The name derives from Tsimshian
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664:Victoria, B.C.: Sono Nis Press.
632:New York: Fleming H. Revell Co.
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360:To attend religious instruction
316:Prince Rupert, British Columbia
181:Prince Rupert, British Columbia
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637:Metlakahtla -- The Holy City!
530:. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
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351:To cease painting their faces
301:. It is still predominantly
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161:Metlakatla, British Columbia
32:Metlakatla, British Columbia
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628:Arctander, John W. (1909)
322:. The study validated the
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690:The Story of Metlakahtla.
662:The Devil and Mr. Duncan.
262:Church Missionary Society
223:died; over 70% among the
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446:. 1896. pp. 227–232
419:, Native rights activist
635:Bowman, Phyllis (1983)
320:Metlakatla First Nation
175:village communities in
386:Prominent Metlakatlans
381:To pay the village tax
357:To rest on the Sabbath
248:William Henry Collison
246:(briefly), as well as
231:, about 67% among the
89:54.33583°N 130.44333°W
842:Northwest Territories
667:Neylan, Susan (2001)
660:Murray, Peter (1985)
574:Nature Communications
311:Nature Communications
221:Alexander Archipelago
804:Prince Edward Island
444:Adam Matthew Digital
378:To build neat houses
94:54.33583; -130.44333
681:Usher, Jean (1974)
642:Inglis, Gordon B.,
586:10.1038/ncomms13175
392:Benjamin A. Haldane
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900:History portal
400:, hereditary chief
267:Metlakatla, Alaska
233:Southern Tsimshian
18:Metlakatla, Alaska
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478:978-0-295-97837-6
369:To be industrious
341:To cease gambling
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482:. Retrieved
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324:oral history
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225:Haida people
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197:Skeena River
193:Maaxłakxaała
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144:Area code(s)
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923:WikiProject
835:Territories
819:Quebec City
767:Nova Scotia
729:by location
507:February 8,
450:October 19,
398:Paul Legaic
240:Paul Legaic
217:Puget Sound
92: /
80:130°26′36″W
939:Categories
424:References
280:including
169:Maxłaxaała
77:54°20′09″N
955:Tsimshian
735:Provinces
594:2041-1723
580:: 13175.
173:Tsimshian
165:Tsimshian
887:Category
814:Montreal
782:Kingston
777:Hamilton
752:Manitoba
612:27845766
547:CBC News
346:potlatch
303:Anglican
229:Heiltsuk
124:Province
847:Nunavut
797:Toronto
787:Niagara
772:Ontario
742:Alberta
603:5116069
219:to the
187:History
105:Country
868:France
809:Quebec
792:Ottawa
644:et al.
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117:Canada
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852:Yukon
403:Rev.
608:PMID
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509:2021
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227:and
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