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making the moats too narrow and tried to cut off some of the corners to save time. He was forced to conduct regular inspections in order to curb these malpractices. During this time he may also have been involved in the reparation of the city walls and the design of a new fort on the left bank of the
Scheldt river. In 1618 he discussed with Don Iñigo de Borgia, the commander of the Spanish garrison, the construction of two guard posts on the city walls.
231:. In the appendix he pointed to the possibility of determining longitude at sea with watches on the ships. He also described some of his newly invented instruments such as the nautical hemisphere. The nautical hemisphere is an instrument with which the longitude problem could, in theory, be solved. In 2008 an example of this instrument, likely made in Coignet's workshop, surfaced during an exhibition on the history of the
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in 1562–1563. The details on
Michiel's education are scarce. He was admitted to the St Ambrose Guild of School Teachers in 1568. He taught French and mathematics. It is likely that at the time he started working as a teacher he had already studied higher mathematics since the mathematics class he taught was referred to as 'mathematicam' whereas lower mathematics was referred to as 'cijfferen' (calculation).
277:(1601). The Latin-language 'Epitome' was quickly translated into English and French. Coignet edited the French version published in Antwerp. One of the new maps was a map with a description of Japan, for which he had obtained the information from Jesuit sources. Coignet also added an introduction to the atlas
106:
He married Maria vanden Eynde c. 1570 and the couple would have 10 children. Only their son
Antonius was still alive at the time of his death. In 1572-73 Michiel Coignet was appointed by the city as 'wijnroeier' ('wine gauger'). The wijnroeier was a municipal employee tasked with measuring the wine
102:
Michiel
Coignet's father Gillis (also known as Egidius) was a goldsmith and maker of astronomical and mathematical instruments in Antwerp and was married to Brigitte Anthonis Hendriks. Michiel's brother Jacob III became a physician while his brother Gillis I became a painter. Michiel's father died
142:
In the summer of 1623 Coignet made a request to the
Archduchess Isabella to get a pension. She yielded his request and decided to grant him a single lump sum for his services. However, Coignet died before the sum was paid. The Archduchess Isabella wanted to have his works published, but this plan
134:
Michiel
Coignet remained in this position of 'wijnroeier' until he started his service as a mathematician and engineer for the Archdukes in 1596. He would remain in court service until his death in 1623. In 1604 Coignet received a further stipend from the court for his role as of cosmographer. In
355:
In 1608 he designed together with the municipal surveyor
Mattheus van Herle a fortification in the area of the St Michael's Abbey. Around 1614 he made further military maps. During that time he was in charge of inspecting the excavation of the city moats. He discovered that the contractor was
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called the 'kolveniersgilde'. Since only
Catholics were typically allowed to join the schutterij it is assumed that he had reconverted to Catholicism. His brother Gillis, however, did not and emigrated to Amsterdam where he had a successful career as an artist. In 1585 Coignet stopped teaching
190:
attributed the invention to
Coignet and not to Galileo, although the instrument is now mainly attributed to Coignet's friend Mordente. Coignet distributed the computational functions over several bars and described the instrument in several treatises: on the
115:. Michiel became a member of the Guild as the son of a member in 1581 and became a full master in 1589 after a period of apprenticeship. He also became a member of the Guild of Meerse, which was the guild of the shopkeepers and wine gaugers.
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Instruction nouvelle des poincts plus excellents et nécessaires, touchant l'art de naviguer... nouvellement practiqué et composé en langue thioise, par
Michiel Coignet,... Depuis reveu et augmenté par le mesme
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In 1621 Coignet drew a map that showed the preferred itinerary for merchants and merchandise traveling from Flanders to Milan (two copies are preserved one of which is kept in the library of the
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since the route fell supposedly under the protection of the Archdukes. The advertisement claimed that the proposed itinerary would reduce travel time by 10 to 12 days and was 'without danger'.
91:
223:('New Instructions on the Principal Points of Navigation'). It was published by the Antwerp publisher Hendrik Hendriksen as an appendix to the Dutch-language translation of
182:, whom he met during the latter's 1584 sojourn in Antwerp. Among other things, Coignet invented and described instruments that had a function similar to that of the
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in 1580 and included an appendix on wine gauging. As a mathematician Coignet was highly regarded by his contemporaries and was praised by the Flemish mathematician
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and the officers of Archduke Albert. Getaldić was later in Paris from where he informed Coignet in a letter dated 15 February 1600 about the mathematician
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1606, he remarried after the death of his first wife in November 1605 and had four children from this second marriage. One of them was the painter
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Coignet was involved in various military engineering projects mainly related to fortification and wrote about ballistics in one of his treatises (
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111:. This is an indication that his mother likely kept her deceased husband's workshop in operation until her son could become a master of the
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barrels that arrived in the city in order to calculate the taxes due. From the year 1572 also dates Michiel's first signed instrument, an
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597:
The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567-1659: The Logistics of Spanish Victory and Defeat in the Low Countries' Wars
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Around 1600 Coignet became involved in the publication of atlases. He edited various editions of the world maps of
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312:, whose books he published in new editions after Mennher's death in 1570. He also edited Willem Raets'
273:. He added an introduction on projections and 13 maps to some editions of Ortelius' atlas published as
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80:
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Practical mathematics in a commercial metropolis: Mathematical life in late 16th century Antwerp
555:, in: Studium : Tijdschrift voor Wetenschaps- en Universiteits-Geschiedenis, 201, pp. 53–56
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340:, 1618). From 1596 he worked for the Archdukes on the fortification of the forts along the
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Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume II: A Century of Wonder. Book 2: The Literary Arts
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GĂ©ometrie reduite en une facile et briefve practique par deux excellens instrumens
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Elizabethan instrument makers : the origins of the London trade in precision
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prepared by Coignet was published in 1581 by Hendrik Hendriksen under the title
320:. He taught the subject including during his European tour when he instructed
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186:. During the dispute over the invention of the proportional compass in 1610,
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except for classes for military officers and sons of prosperous merchants.
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57:. He also built new and improved scientific instruments and made military
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who made significant contributions to various disciplines including
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Michiel Coignet's contribution tot the development of the sector
292:). The map was promoted in May 1621 by the Antwerp newspaper
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Nieuwe Onderwijsinghe op de principaelste Puncten der Zeevaert
64:
Coignet was a scientist at the court of the governors of the
577:, Volume 2, University of Chicago Press, 15 Jan 2010, p. 357
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in 1580 Coignet published a treatise on navigation entitled
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Coignet invented several instruments and corresponded with
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where he held a position similar to that of his compatriot
308:
Coignet may have been a pupil of the German mathematician
33:(also Quignet, Cognet or Connette in Italian) (1549 in
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in an advertisement that referred to the route as the
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637:, Springer Science & Business Media, 12 Mar 2013
401:, in: Scientiarum Historia 27 (2001) 1, pp. 73–81
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509:"Gillis Hooftman: Businessman and Patron (engl.)"
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203:, 1612); and four-point proportional compasses (
443:, In: Annals of science. 54 (1997), pp. 143–160
610:De Numerosa potestatum ad exegesim resolutione
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599:, Cambridge University Press, 14 October 2004
242:An expanded, French-language version of the '
199:, 1610); flat-legged proportional compasses (
37:– 24 December 1623 in Antwerp) was a Flemish
344:river. He took on an advisory role in the
155:Nautical hemisphere, illustration from the
265:, edited by Michiel Coignet, Antwerp, 1612
338:El uso de las doze diuisiones geometricas
275:Epitome theatri orbis terrarum d'Ortelius
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399:Een familie herenigd met haar instrument
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651:Engineers from the Spanish Netherlands
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553:Een zeesfeer van Michiel Coignet?
118:Michiel Coignet converted to the
486:, Oxford University Press, p. 70
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69:Albert VII, Archduke of Austria
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290:Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
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205:El uso del compas proportional
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620:Meskens (2013), pp. 197–210
586:Meskens (2013), pp. 169–171
332:Military engineering design
126:in 1585, he joined a local
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692:
627:
482:Gerard L'Estrange Turner,
188:Giovanni Camillo Glorioso
81:Maurice, Prince of Orange
279:Speculum Orbis terrarum
263:Theatrum orbis terrarum
215:Strongly encouraged by
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666:Engineers from Antwerp
656:Flemish mathematicians
564:Meskens (2013), p. 146
542:Meskens (2013), p. 148
533:Meskens (2013), p. 139
346:Siege of Hulst of 1596
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159:
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79:at the rival court of
73:Isabella Clara Eugenia
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473:Meskens (2013), p. 22
464:Meskens (2013), p. 20
452:Meskens (2013), p. 19
427:Meskens (2013), p. 16
413:Meskens (2013), p. 15
381:Meskens (2013), p. 14
261:
244:Nieuwe Onderwijsinghe
201:De regulae pantometae
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184:proportional compass
157:Instruction nouvelle
24:Instruction nouvelle
22:Frontispiece of the
661:Flemish astronomers
352:from 1602 to 1604.
113:Guild of Saint Luke
66:Spanish Netherlands
318:Adriaan van Roomen
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176:Ludolph van Ceulen
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143:was not realized.
137:Michiel II Coignet
122:faith. After the
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608:Reprinted in his
595:Geoffrey Parker,
180:Fabrizio Mordente
172:Godefroy Wendelin
147:Instrument making
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271:Abraham Ortelius
197:Traité des Sinus
168:Gerhard Mercator
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350:Siege of Ostend
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229:Arte de Navegar
225:Pedro de Medina
217:Gillis Hooftman
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164:Galileo Galilei
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124:Fall of Antwerp
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31:Michiel Coignet
26:, 1581, Antwerp
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322:Marin Getaldić
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77:Simon Stevin
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676:1623 deaths
671:1549 births
314:Arithmetica
304:Mathematics
254:Cartography
109:astrolabium
59:engineering
55:cartography
47:mathematics
43:cosmography
645:Categories
403:(in Dutch)
360:References
249:autheur...
211:Navigation
193:flat ruler
128:schutterij
120:Protestant
51:navigation
207:, 1618).
61:designs.
348:and the
39:polymath
628:Sources
342:Scheldt
237:Tournai
35:Antwerp
233:Jesuit
98:, 1626
521:2015
178:and
87:Life
71:and
53:and
281:of
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