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double taxation, both from the central government and from the part of local tribal leaders who had access to tax farming rights, most of them
Kurdish notables. Issues explicitly mentioned in Khrimian's report include: violence committed by tax farmers against the local population, forced conversions to Islam and other crimes committed out of religious fanaticism, over-taxation, and neglect of tax farmer duties, leading to harvest losses. The report also made several suggestions on how to address these problems: In particular, the Kurdish tribesmen were supposed to be disarmed and taught an agricultural lifestyle. Moreover, the report asked for the creation of an effective police force, with Armenians being allowed to serve at all levels, and for transparent communication of the Sublime Porte's orders.
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975:, who visited Etchmiadzin in 1893, wrote about Khrimian in his book on Armenia: "With him religion and patriotism are almost interchangeable terms." In the words of Adalian, Khrimian is "revered for his patriotic fervor and staunch defense of Armenian national interests." Another author described him as a "major spokesman for Armenian nationalist aspirations on the international stage." According to Tekkoyun, Khrimian "always advocated the awareness of laymen with nationalistic and patriotic ideas, which was possible only through the medium of journals and literature." Khrimian particularly emphasized the use of vernacular language in his writings.
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639:. The delegation's mission was to present a memorandum to the great powers concerning the implementation of reforms in the Armenian provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The delegation's main goal was to secure substantial reforms in the Armenian provinces that would be supervised by European powers—which meant Russia in reality, as its troops were stationed in parts of Armenia. Armenians hoped that Russian pressure (and threat of intervention) would force the Ottoman government to improve conditions in the Armenian provinces. The Armenian delegation furthermore demanded some form of autonomy for the Armenian provinces, similar to the
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959:, he argues against the prevailing Oriental idea that husbands have a right to rule over their wives by force." Derderian also noted his "belief in the importance of educating women" and his encouragement of "participation of women in spreading enlightenment principles." Another author stated that he made "voluminous contribution to progressive Armenian intellectualism." Vartooguian, writing in 1896, suggested that Khrimian "was a conservative in matters of the Church."
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624:, the promotion of rights of provincial Armenians "made him an enemy of many influential Armenians in Istanbul." He was compelled to resign by the Ottoman government in 1873. Armayis Vartooguian wrote in 1896 that Khrimian "could have held the post of Patriarch of Constantinople for life had he not been driven to resign by the intrigues of the Turkish Government, which disliked him very much because of his zeal for the well-being of his flock."
654:, which was signed on 13 July 1878, is considered a failure of the Armenian mission to the congress by historians. It failed to force the Ottoman government to implement real reforms. Panossian writes that all the Armenian delegation received were "toothless promises." In the congress, Khrimian witnessed the Christian Balkan peoples (Serbs, Montenegrins, and Bulgarians) achieving independence or some degree of autonomy.
1040:(diminutive for "father") since his time as abbot of Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush in the early 1860s. Sarkis Atamian claims that "o man, perhaps, in Armenian history, has come to symbolize the kind, wise, paternalistic leader of his flock as did Khrimian who was given the title Hairig (little father) in affection by his people." Jack Kalpakian describes Khrimian as "second only to the mythical
814:. Over a year later, after the Russian emperor's request was he granted permission to travel, but only if he did not set foot in Turkey. According to Hacikyan et al., the Ottomans feared "excessive manifestations of jubilations by the Armenians." The Ottoman government forbade Khrimian from traveling to Echmiadzin through their territory, and so he was required to travel via
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Armenians in order to fight for an independent
Armenia. He told his flock that "Armenia, in contrast with the Christian states of the Balkans, did not win autonomy from the Porte because no Armenian blood had been shed in the cause of freedom." Famous for its allegories, the sermon is considered to have initiated the Armenian revolutionary movement.
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beloved national-religious figures of his time." Another author called him "the most beloved
Armenian patriarch of modern times." Patricia Cholakian wrote of him: "a man of great personal holiness, had been among the first to inspire the persecuted Armenians to a love of learning and a sense of pride in their heritage." The prominent linguist
1150:(Convoker to Ararat): "a verse essay in classical Armenian in which he assumes the role of guide and leads a group of youths though the history and geography of the ancestral homeland, extolling its ancient glories and exquisite beauty in an attempt to instill a love and passion for the mother country in the young generation"
2337:"Խրիմյան Հայրիկի դիմումը Նիկոլայ Երկրորդին (1907 թ.) և արխիվային այլ նյութեր Հայկական հարցի ու հայ կամավորական շարժման մասին (1912—1915 թթ.) [Catholicos M. Khrimian's Appeal to Nicolas II (1907) and Other Archive Materials on the Armenian Question and about the Armenian Volunteer Movement (1912–1915)]"
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After returning to
Constantinople, Khrimian delivered a series of speeches "which secured him a place in the radicalisation of Armenian thinking, and the clear and forceful articulation of demands based on nationalist principles." He gave a well-known sermon in which he called for the armament of the
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The appearance of political parties among you is an example of the rebirth of the historical houses of our nobility, while the
Dashnaktsutyun Party is the new Armenian knighthood. Its pioneers have shown themselves to be true knights in Vaspurakan and elsewhere. Rise, rise, Armenians, join this new
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leader of the
Armenian community of the Ottoman Empire in both religious and secular matters. According to Ali Tekkoyun, a Turkish scholar of religion, his election indicated that the Amira (wealthiest) class and the imperial authorities lost power over the Armenians as went against their interests.
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where he was sent to report on the state of
Armenian schools. By traveling and living in various Armenian-populated provinces, he acquired an intimate knowledge of the problems and aspirations of ordinary Armenians. He was upset with the apathy the upper and middle classes of the Armenian community
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In June 1903, the
Russian government issued an edict to close down Armenian schools and confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church, including the treasures of Etchmiadzin. The act had the primary purpose of accelerating the process of Russification of the Armenian people and church. Khrimian
601:, he prepared a detailed report documenting instances of oppression, persecution, and miscarriage of justice in the Armenian provinces and presented the document to the Sublime Porte. Khrimian used the position to advance the interests and conditions of the poor and oppressed provincial Armenians.
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Panossian writes that
Khrimian was committed throughout his life to the betterment of the conditions of provincial Armenian and of Armenian rights in general. Khrimian has been described as "one of the few truly great figures in the history of the Armenian Church" and "one of the most famous and
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reforms (1839, 1856). Aimed at centralizing the administration and improving the tax base of the government, the reforms had not been effectively implemented in the more peripheral parts of the Empire, among them the
Anatolian provinces. As a consequence, the local populations often suffered from
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Between 1879 and 1885 he served as prelate of Van, after which he was forced into exile to Jerusalem. He was elected as head of the Armenian Church in 1892, however, he was enthroned more than a year later and served in that position until his death. He opposed the Russian government's attempt to
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In 1907, Khrimian clarified the relations between the patriarch of Constantinople and emphasized the primacy of the see of Echmiadzin. In September of that year he sent a letter to Nicholas II in which he called upon the Russian government to prevent the violence then facing the Ottoman Empire's
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In the sermon, he "used an analogy of a ladle and dish with the sword and freedom in explaining the Balkan countries' struggle for freedom during the Congress. For him, the freedom of Armenia was only possible through the use of armed force." In particular, he stated: "There, where guns talk and
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Before this the church had maintained a distance from the Armenian revolutionary groups as the latter saw the former as a conservative institution. It was Khrimian who welcomed revolutionary activism, especially by the Dashnaktsutyun, the most influential Armenian party. According to Panossian,
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unanimously elected Khrimian to the position of Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church. According to Vartooguian, "Khrimian's popularity was so overwhelming that any one opposing him would be recognized by the nation as a traitor. Khrimian was recognized as the standard of patriotism, and
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writes that Khrimian had a powerful influence on Armenian nationalism. According to Panossian, he is the "single most important nineteenth century figure to have entered Armenian consciousness as the bearer of the radical message of national liberation". According to Tekkoyun, "Khrimian was a
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People of Armenia, of course you understand well what the gun could have done and can do. And so, dear and blessed Armenians, when you return to the Fatherland, to your relatives and friends, take weapons, take weapons and again weapons. People, above all, place the hope of your liberation on
1281:, a man who lost his entire family in the massacres came to Khrimian in Etchmiadzin to tell his story. Khrimian, in response, told the man: "You've lost 20 sons, I've lost 20 thousand and 20."; thus referring to tens of thousands of Armenians who were killed in the massacres as his "sons."
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Khrimian's view of Armenian nationalism as a cultural reawakening transformed into nationalism as an armed revolutionary movement in response to the repressive regime of Ottoman and Russian government as well as European policies towards Armenia. Khrimian explicitly endorsed the
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wrote in a 1945 article: "The Armenian people will not forget him. The more time passes, the brighter his memory will become. He will look at the Armenian people from the depth of centuries and speak with a familiar language about her cherished aspirations and immortal goals."
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After his return from Europe, Khrimian was appointed Prelate of Van in 1879. He opened new schools, including the first agricultural school in Armenian lands. In the 1880s he supported the Armenian secret societies devoted to the cause of national liberation, such as
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whoever sought the best interests of the nation could not but favor his election." Vartooguian adds that the Russian imperial government was displeased with his election as they sought to incorporate the Armenian Church under the jurisdiction of the
1290:Հայ գաւառացի ժողովուրդը պէտք ունէր առաքեալի մը շունչին ու խօսքին, յեղափոխականի մը շարժումին ու կենդանի գործին: Սխալած պիտի չըլլանք եթէ ըսենք թէ այդ մեծագոյն յեղափոխականը մեր մէջ Խրիմեան Հայրիկը կը հանդիսանայ, թէ° իր կենդանի խօսքով, թէ° իր գործով:
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Returning to Van in 1853, he found himself with no immediate family left; his wife, daughter, and mother had died. He thereafter decided to devote himself to a life in the Armenian Apostolic Church. In 1854, at age 34, Khirimian was ordained as
437:, the center of the Armenian Church. Khrimian wished to continue his education at a European university, but this desire was never realized. He lived in Constantinople from 1844 to 1846 where he made connections with Armenian intellectuals.
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in October 1944. In his own words, "The music was inspired by a portrait of the heroic priest Khrimian Hairig, who led the Armenian people through many persecutions." The composition was first commercially recorded in 1995 by the
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726:("Պաշտպան հայրենյաց", Defender of the Fatherland). The Ottoman government, which looked unfavorably on his activities, suspended him in 1885 and sent him to Constantinople, where he could be controlled by the authorities.
1971:"Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Արմավիրի Մարզի Պատմության և Մշակույթի Անշարժ Հուշարձանների Պետական Ցուցակը [List of the Immovable Historical And Cultural Monuments in the Armavir Province of the Republic of Armenia]"
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1157:(Convoker to the Promised Land): "a similar verse essay published after a trip to the Holy Land in which he leads youths on a tour of the holy sites, teaching them the essence of Christianity as they go."
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Sheklian, Christopher (2014). "Venerating the Saints, Remembering the City: Armenian Memorial Practices and Community Formation in Contemporary Istanbul". In Agadjanian, Alexander (ed.).
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as the nation's father figure." Khrimian largely focused his efforts on the common people rather than the Armenian elite and is thus considered a "hero of the common people." Catholicos
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wrote of him in 1917 as "the grandest figure in modern Armenian history" and added that "He was deeply loved and venerated for his wisdom and saintliness." Prominent Armenian poet
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Kheremian, Meguerditch (11 April 1872). "First Report on Provincial Oppressions, submitted to the Sublime Porte in the Name of the Armenian National Assembly". Constantinople.
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of 1894–96, Khrimian provided material assistance to the Armenian refugees. Among his other accomplishments were the renovations of numerous ancient monasteries and churches.
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confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church in 1903, which was later canceled in part due to his efforts. Khrimian further endorsed the liberation movement of the
2292:(in Armenian). “Service For The Protection Of Historical Environment and Cultural Museum-reservations” State Non-commercial Organization. 13 May 2015. Archived from
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wrote in 1891 about Khrimian: "a man to whom all the Armenian nation look up to with great respect. He has labored honestly and earnestly for good of his nation."
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His outspokenness about the issues facing the Armenian population annoyed not only the Ottoman authorities but some of the Armenian wealthy elite. According to
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1449:... Gregoryen milletinin adeta parlamentosuna dönüşecek ve 1869' da seçilen Patrik Mıgırdiç Kırımyan'ın önderliğinde sözgelimi Ermeni vilayetleri ...
846:. Some 17 months after his election, he was enthroned as Catholicos on 26 September 1893. His Ottoman citizenship was revoked and he became a Russian subject.
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2389:Հայոց Պատմություն Նոր շրջան դասագիրք հանրակրթական դպրոցի 8-րդ դասարանի համար [Armenian History New Era 8th grade textbook for public schools]
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322:) in 1854 after the death of his wife and daughter. In the 1850s and 1860s he served as the abbot of two important monasteries in Turkish Armenia:
3282:"Մկրտիչ Խրիմյանի կյանքը, մանկավարժական լուսավորական գործունեությունը [The life and pedagogical enlightening activity of Mkrtich Khrimian]"
869:, it was a combination of Dashnaktsutyun's popular resistance and Khrimian's personal defiance that resulted in the edict being canceled in 1905.
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Cholakian, Patricia (2006). "Flight from Van: Memories of an Armenian Genocide Survivor". In Bronner, Stephen Eric; Thompson, Michael (eds.).
2323:Սուրբ Աստվածածինը, որը Գեղարքունիքի մարզի մայր եկեղեցին եւ առաջնորդարանն է, օծվել է 1905 թվականին. առաջին պատարագը մատուցել է Խրիմյան Հայրիկը:
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A postcard depicting Khrimian and Varagavank. Below a quote from him encourages Armenians to keep persisting, as he promises a better future.
433:, history, and ecclesiastical literature. Upon returning to Van in 1842, he embarked on a journey across the region and made a pilgrimage to
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745:) presented a report criticizing the Ottoman government for the treatment of the Armenian peasantry. In December 1890, he was exiled to
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depicting the moment he received the letter about the Russian decree ordering the confiscation of Armenian Church properties in 1903.
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Khrimian died on 29 October 1907. He was buried, like many of his predecessors, at the courtyard of Etchmiadzin Cathedral. Sculptor
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A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire
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Khrimian thus radicalised, to a certain degree, the Armenian Church and as such secularised in its vision of the Armenian nation.
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Returning to Van in 1846, he married Mariam Sevikian. In 1847 he crossed to Persia and the Russian Caucasus, where he visited the
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Söz konusu taşra tepkisinin entellektüel temsilciliğini Van'lı rahip, gazeteci ve öğretmen Mıgırdıç Hrimyan (1820–1907) yaptı.
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3134:Özbek, Nadir (2012). "The Politics of Taxation and the Armenian Question during the Late Ottoman Empire, 1876-1908".
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were active in the Russian Empire. Arra Avakian described him as a "very progressive educator." American feminist
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2942:"Alan Hovhaness (1911–2000): Khrimian Hairig • Guitar Concerto • Symphony No. 60 "To the Appalachian Mountains""
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Hayrig's voluminous contribution to progressive Armenian intellectualism cannot be adequately discussed here.
1460:... İngiliz konsolosunun teklifiyle kendisini Ermenilerin lideri sayan Mıgırdıç Kırımyan Efendi ...
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3255:"The role of religion in the formation of nationalism, two case studies: Turkish and Armenian nationalisms"
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World Christian encyclopedia: a comparative survey of churches and religions in the modern world, Volume 1
647:, but did not advocate breakup of the Ottoman Empire or annexation of the Armenian provinces into Russia.
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Kalpakian, Jack V. (2006). "Khrimian, Mkrtich (1820–1907)". In Domenico, Roy P.; Hanley, Mark Y. (eds.).
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Bu ön hazırlıklardan sonra Mıgırdıç Hrimyan Efendi başkanlığında katıldıkları Berlin Kongresi'ne ...
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monastery. He founded a publishing house at the monastery, through which he resumed the publication of
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Also transliterated as Mkrtič, Mgrdich, Mugerditch, Mgerdich and Xrimean, Xrimian, Xrimyan, Khrimyan.
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865:(ARF or Dashnaktsutyun) to organize mass demonstrations against the edict. According to the historian
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935:, one of the major liberal Armenian activists in the Ottoman Empire. At the same time, liberals like
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1558:; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2005). "Mkrtich Khrimian (Hayrik)".
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Hayrig: a celebration of his life and vision on the eightieth anniversary of his death (1907–1987)
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Also transliterated as Hairik, Hayrig, Hairig; classical: Խրիմեան Հայրիկ; reformed: Խրիմյան Հայրիկ
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2757:(2011). "What Was Revolutionary about Armenian Revolutionary Parties in the Ottoman Empire?". In
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The Disintegration of Ottoman-Armenian Relations in the Tanzimat and Hamidian Periods, 1839-1896
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to request the implementation of reforms in the Ottoman Empire's Armenian provinces. During the
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dedicated to Khrimian. The inscription urges Armenians to always remember "Hayrik's iron ladle".
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In the aftermath of the 1877–78 Russo-Turkish War, Khrimian led the Armenian delegation at the
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He cleared the patriarchate's debt and sought to increase the provincial representation in the
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3072:"Մկրտիչ Խրիմյանն ու հայկական Երուսաղեմը [Mkrtich Khrimyan and the Armenian Jerusalem]"
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In Subversive Service of the Sublime State: Armenians and Ottoman State Power, 1844–1896
1420:"Dış Müdahale, İsyanlar ve Komitacılık Ekseninde Ermeni Meselesi ya da Anadolu Islahatı"
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Khrimian, aged 72, was not initially allowed to travel to Etchmiadzin by Ottoman Sultan
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The Armenian Community: The Historical Development of a Social and Ideological Conflict
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yourself. Use your brain and your fist! Man must work for himself in order to be saved.
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He is a towering figure in modern Armenian history and has been affectionately called
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1623:"Mapping the Fatherland: Artzvi Vaspurakan's Reforms through the Memory of the Past"
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Khrimian is the subject of paintings of several prominent Armenian artists, such as
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3236:"They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide
1402:"Osmanlı Ermenilerinde Kültür Modernleşmesi, Cemaat Okulları ve Abdülhamid Rejimi"
502:("Eagle of Vaspurakan") at a publishing house located next to his Scutari church.
346:
which saw him as a threat. He was the head of the Armenian delegation at the 1878
4434:
4429:
4424:
4369:
4265:
4250:
3191:
1906:
Zeidner, Robert F. (1976). "Britain and the Launching of the Armenian Question".
1127:
1075:
1026:
936:
559:
445:
315:
1561:
The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the eighteenth century to modern times
1013:
662:
373:
for "father"). A well-known defender of Armenian interests and aspirations, his
4409:
4389:
4354:
4334:
4329:
4202:
4171:
3093:
2762:
2414:
1087:
983:(Dashnaktsutyun) in an 1896 letter to the Armenians of Van, in which he wrote:
972:
811:
795:
695:
swords make noise, what significance do appeals and petitions have?" He added:
510:
486:
3149:
2001:
1921:
1142:
Khrimian authored essays and books. His most notable works are the following:
531:
Khrimian returned to Van in 1857 and established the Zharangavorats School at
414:
4561:
4399:
4384:
4349:
4176:
3126:
3085:
2945:
2350:
955:: "He was a strong advocate of education for girls, and in one of his books,
951:
wrote in 1917: "All his views were progressive" and praised his promotion of
775:
627:
Following his resignation, Khrimian dedicated his time to literary pursuits.
598:
374:
343:
3340:
493:
441:
394:
311:
181:
3057:
2137:"190ամեակ Խրիմեան Հայրիկի [Khrimyan Hayrik's 190th anniversary]"
492:
in Lake Van. In 1855 he was appointed abbot of the Holy Cross Church in
4404:
3335:. New York: Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America. 1987.
2314:
1030:
835:
819:
532:
426:
370:
323:
148:
2293:
1929:
2365:
1107:, Armenia's capital, founded by Khrimian in 1906 and renamed for the
1056:
called him a true Christian, a true patriot, and a true popular man.
1036:
Khrimian was revered by Armenians during his lifetime. He was called
746:
640:
224:
3281:
2970:
2658:
733:, four representatives of the Armenian National Assembly (Khrimian,
4394:
4339:
4207:
2918:
2212:
Barrett, David B.; Kurian, George Thomas; Johnson, Todd M. (2001).
1474:
Armenian Christianity Today: Identity Politics and Popular Practice
1135:
1045:
613:
496:, near Constantinople. Khrimian began production of the periodical
482:
422:
319:
2867:
1554:
849:
In 1895, he traveled to Saint Petersburg to meet the Russian Tsar
377:
activities are seen as having laid the groundwork for the rise of
342:
community—from 1869 to 1873 and resigned due to pressure from the
4536:
4182:
4152:
3438:
Catholicos of the Mother See of Holy Echmiadzin and All Armenians
3172:
The Armenians: From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars
1104:
823:
473:
465:
398:
2868:"Մկրտիչ կաթողիկոս Խրիմյան [Catholicos Mkrtich Khrimian]"
2840:
The Logos Reader: Rational Radicalism and the Future of Politics
1973:(in Armenian). Armenian Legal Information System. Archived from
1456:
Osmanlı İmparatorluğundan Orta Doğu'ya: Belgelerle Şark meselesi
971:
prominent figure in the formation of the Armenian nationalism."
4219:
2919:"Խրիմյան Հայրիկը (Հուշեր) [Khrimian Hayrik (Memories)]"
843:
839:
831:
827:
461:
457:
456:
for six months. In 1848 once again moved to Constantinople via
453:
406:
331:
4379:
3217:
Religion and Nationalism in Soviet and East European Politics
3099:
Armenia, travels and studies. Volume I: The Russian Provinces
3071:
2682:Ընտիր երկեր, 2 հատորով [Selected works, in 2 volumes]
2336:
1353:
1351:
1349:
888:
873:
815:
2787:
2596:
2487:
2485:
1981:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1740:
1317:(in Armenian). Archived from the original on 29 January 2022
1048:(r. 1955–94) called Khrimian the "greatest revolutionary ".
2586:
2584:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
1949:
1947:
1706:
1704:
1691:
1689:
1595:
1593:
1564:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 236–238.
1368:
1366:
1041:
749:"under pretense of being on a pilgrimage." He lived in the
2811:
The Fool: Events from the Last Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)
2533:
2395:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Manmar. p. 71. Archived from
2159:
2157:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1346:
713:
Khrimian and local Armenian notables in Van, December 1879
3485:
3310:(revised second ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press.
2971:"The schools subordinated to the municipality of Yerevan"
2482:
2254:
2242:
2181:
2169:
2002:"In defence of the Armenian National Liberation Movement"
1882:
1865:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1111:
during the Soviet period, was renamed after him in 1989.
872:
He consecrated the new churches of two provincial towns,
570:
On 20 October 1868, Khrimian was ordained as a bishop in
2581:
2569:
2521:
2497:
2193:
2114:
2102:
2083:
1944:
1853:
1752:
1728:
1716:
1701:
1686:
1590:
1383:
1381:
1363:
526:
393:
Khrimian was born in the Aygestan (Aikesdan) quarter of
291:; 4 April 1820 – 29 October 1907) was an
2154:
1764:
1645:
1490:
477:
of Constantinople showed towards provincial Armenians.
3038:(1971). "Russian Armenia. A Century of Tsarist Rule".
2735:
2557:
2509:
2266:
2040:
2028:
2016:
1788:
1776:
1578:
299:
from 1893 to 1907. During this period he was known as
3238:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
2230:
2216:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 78.
1965:
1829:
1378:
388:
3356:(in Armenian). Yerevan State University Press. 1992.
2545:
2211:
1817:
1805:
554:("Eaglet of Taron"). He succeeded in convincing the
2631:Մ-ի հանած առաջին դիմակը Խրիմյան Հայրիկինն էր (1907)
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
1447:(in Turkish). Yeni Türkiye Yayınları. p. 403.
4271:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
3169:
3102:. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 236–7.
1841:
909:
546:near Mush, which meant he was also the prelate of
3275:(second ed.). New York: Privately published.
3219:. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.
2298:Եկեղեցին 1903թ. օծվել է Խրիմյան Հայրիկի կողմից...
1439:
931:In the 1860s and 1870s, Khrimian was, along with
4559:
2311:"Գավառի Սուրբ Աստվածածին եկեղեցին 101 տարեկան է"
2052:
1338:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2813:. Donald Abcarian (translator). Princeton, NJ:
539:in 1859. Its publication continued until 1864.
2939:
2075:Institute for Armenian Studies. Archived from
1399:
565:
295:leader, educator, and publisher who served as
4135:
3471:
2842:. University Press of Kentucky. p. 169.
2452:. Boston: Atlantic Printing Company. p.
2131:
2129:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
612:needs to be understood in the context of the
2438:
2436:
2382:
1909:International Journal of Middle East Studies
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1277:wrote that in 1896, in the aftermath of the
1210:(Sounds of twilight): a collection of poetry
574:. On 4 September 1869 he was elected as the
16:Armenian Apostolic Church leader (1820–1907)
3268:
3034:
2614:
2491:
2372:(in Armenian). Defense Ministry of Armenia.
2260:
2248:
2187:
2175:
1999:
1888:
1671:Kostandyan, E. (1981). "Մկտրիչ Ա Վանեցի ".
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1372:
704:
591:political leader of the Christian Armenian
385:of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
4286:Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
4142:
4128:
3478:
3464:
3137:Comparative Studies in Society and History
3111:(Thesis). University of Colorado, Boulder.
3069:
2753:
2642:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2334:
2199:
2126:
2108:
2096:
2069:"Խրիմյան Հայրիկ [Khrimyan Hayrik]"
1901:
1899:
1897:
1670:
1657:
1357:
505:
46:
3279:
3190:
3164:
3064:
2913:
2837:
2793:
2718:Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics
2714:
2708:
2602:
2590:
2575:
2503:
2466:
2442:
2433:
2120:
1987:
1953:
1859:
1835:
1770:
1758:
1746:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1695:
1651:
1620:
1605:
1599:
1503:
1311:"Ամենայն հայոց կաթողիկոս Մկրտիչ Ա Վանեցի"
1273:Khrimian apparently embraced the suffix.
3252:
3115:
3020:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2862:
2741:
2685:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Sovetakan grogh.
2675:
2563:
2515:
2163:
2046:
2034:
2022:
1799:
1782:
1621:Derderian, Dzovinar (16 December 2014).
1584:
1509:
1471:
1453:
1387:
1118:
1012:
1000:
988:Armenian knighthood, take heart ...
918:
804:Mkrtich I of Van: Khrimian as Catholicos
708:
517:
509:
338:—the most influential figure within the
4588:Armenian people from the Russian Empire
3176:. New York: Columbia University Press.
2990:
2695:
2656:
2650:
2539:
2412:
2363:
2272:
2000:Arnavoudian, Eddie (30 December 2002).
1905:
1894:
1433:
1327:Հեղինակ՝ լուսանկարիչ Գարեգին Հովսեփյան
4583:20th-century Oriental Orthodox bishops
4578:19th-century Oriental Orthodox bishops
4560:
3302:
3106:
3016:(2001). "The Monastery of Ējmiatsin".
3012:
2366:"Մի նկարի պատմություն. Խրիմյան Հայրիկ"
2236:
1876:
1811:
1393:
610:First Report on Provincial Oppressions
542:In 1862 he was appointed abbot of the
4598:Armenian Patriarchs of Constantinople
4123:
3487:Armenian Patriarchs of Constantinople
3459:
3214:
3133:
3092:
2998:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press.
2805:
2551:
2527:
1823:
527:Monasteries of Varag and Surb Karapet
318:, Khrimian became a celibate priest (
3410:Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople
3233:
3041:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas
2657:Onanyan, Vardan (15 December 2010).
1847:
576:Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople
405:, is the Armenian language term for
135:Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople
4547:Western Armenia Government in Exile
3361:Antaramian, Richard Edward (2014).
2467:Bairamian, William (4 March 2014).
1476:. Ashgate Publishing. p. 162.
996:
765:On 5 May 1892, an election held at
722:("Սև խաչ", Black cross) of Van and
13:
3325:
3125:. G. Marcar Gregory (translator),
2416:Armenia: A Journey Through History
1445:Osmanlı'dan günümüze Ermeni sorunu
902:) in 1903 and 1905, respectively.
878:St. Gregory the Illuminator Church
630:
472:) quarter. In 1851 he traveled to
389:Early life, education, and travels
14:
4659:
4643:Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
4496:Turkish consulate attack in Paris
4214:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
4208:Armenian Democratic Liberal Party
3379:
3308:Armenia: The Survival of a Nation
2286:"Սուրբ Գրիգոր Լուսավորիչ եկեղեցի"
2012:. Armenian News Network / Groong.
2010:University of Southern California
1417:
1196:et al. consider it his best work.
1185:: "a treatise on child education"
981:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
863:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
4240:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
4151:
3269:Vartooguian, Armayis P. (1896).
3200:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
2996:Historical Dictionary of Armenia
2625:(in Armenian). Yerevan. p.
2446:(1917). "Murmurs of a Patriot".
2413:Avakian, Arra S. (1998). "Van".
2317:. 18 August 2006. Archived from
1458:(in Turkish). Dergâh Yayınları.
1124:Khrimian Hayrik near Etchmiadzin
914:
794:
785:
670:
661:
4532:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
2984:
2963:
2933:
2907:
2888:
2856:
2831:
2799:
2747:
2689:
2669:
2608:
2469:"Iron Ladle by Khrimyan Hayrig"
2460:
2406:
2376:
2357:
2328:
2303:
2278:
2205:
2148:Getronagan Armenian High School
1993:
1959:
1284:
1267:
1167:1876: Ժամանակ եւ խորհուրդ իւր,
1153:1851: Հրաւիրակ երկրին աւետեաց,
1132:Aivazovsky National Art Gallery
1114:
1017:A 1900 portrait of Khrimian by
923:A 1906 painting of Khrimian by
910:Views and ideological influence
314:, one of the largest cities in
4501:Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack
4461:Occupation of the Ottoman Bank
4262:Defunct militant organizations
4235:Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party
3296:Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin
2927:Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin
2882:Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin
2419:. Electric Press. p. 20.
2345:(in Armenian) (1–2): 165–180.
1465:
1303:
1258:
1238:
962:
562:to lower taxes for Armenians.
140:Prelate of Taron and Abbot of
75:Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin
1:
4593:Armenian Apostolic Christians
4281:New Armenian Resistance Group
3386:Khrimian at ArmenianHouse.org
2618:(1983). "Մերկուրով Սերգեյ ".
1297:
1086:. Armenian-American composer
760:
4466:Yıldız assassination attempt
3403:Ignatios I of Constantinople
2940:Fujihara Hovhaness, Hinako.
2621:Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia
1674:Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia
1192:(Grandfather and grandson):
383:national liberation movement
229:Ottoman subject (until 1893)
52:A photograph of Khrimian by
7:
4613:20th-century Armenian poets
4608:19th-century Armenian poets
4522:Provisional Republic of Van
4451:Armenian national awakening
4291:Armenian Revolutionary Army
4230:National Revival of Artsakh
3421:Nerses II of Constantinople
3280:Voskanian, Shoghik (2007).
3018:Armenia: A Historical Atlas
1097:Manhattan Chamber Orchestra
729:Following the 15 July 1890
566:Patriarch of Constantinople
336:Patriarch of Constantinople
297:Catholicos of All Armenians
232:Russian subject (from 1893)
40:Catholicos of All Armenians
10:
4664:
4486:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
4456:Armenian national movement
3215:Ramet, Sabrina P. (1989).
3080:(in Armenian) (2): 79–87.
2335:Nersissian, M. G. (1993).
1146:1850: Հրաւիրակ Արարատեան,
585:Armenian National Assembly
4527:First Republic of Armenia
4514:
4443:
4299:
4192:
4164:
3493:
3444:
3435:
3427:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3393:
3150:10.1017/S0010417512000412
3070:Kostandyan, Emma (2006).
2364:Manjyan, H. (July 2012).
2146:(in Armenian). Istanbul:
1922:10.1017/S002074380002465X
1454:Kurdakul, Necdet (1976).
1226:Order of Saint Stanislaus
1214:
1206:1901: Վերջալոյսի ձայներ,
1169:Zhamanak yev khorhurd yur
1155:Hravirak yerkrin avetiatz
893:Holy Mother of God Church
778:the Armenian population.
680:A 1982 memorial near the
485:(celibate priest) at the
316:Turkish (Western) Armenia
293:Armenian Apostolic Church
284:
239:
217:
207:
189:
163:
158:
124:
114:
104:
96:
88:
80:
70:
65:Armenian Apostolic Church
60:
45:
38:
23:
4506:1983 Orly Airport attack
4376:Militants and commanders
4199:Active political parties
3234:Suny, Ronald G. (2015).
3107:Miller, Meaghan (2011).
3077:Patma-Banasirakan Handes
2696:Atamian, Sarkis (1955).
2342:Patma-Banasirakan Handes
2073:Yerevan State University
1678:(in Armenian). pp.
1231:
1181:1878: Սիրաք եւ Սամուէլ,
1178:(The family of paradise)
1164:(Discourse on the Cross)
1090:wrote a concerto titled
1005:Khrimian's tombstone at
705:Prelate of Van and exile
356:Armenian revolutionaries
131:Prelate of Van (1879–85)
4648:People from Van, Turkey
4082:Karekin I Khachadourian
4047:Hovhannes XII Arsharuni
3036:Hovannisian, Richard G.
2977:. Yerevan Municipality.
2771:Oxford University Press
1199:1900: Թագաւորաց ժողով,
1188:1894: Պապիկ եւ թոռնիկ,
772:Russian Orthodox Church
506:Van, Mush, and Istanbul
3372:University of Michigan
3304:Walker, Christopher J.
3253:Tekkoyun, Ali (2011).
3197:The History of Armenia
2679:(1985). "Երկու հայր".
2444:Blackwell, Alice Stone
2384:Barkhudaryan, Vladimir
1249:
1203:(The meeting of kings)
1174:1876: Դրախտի ընտանիք,
1171:(Time and its mystery)
1139:
1022:
1010:
990:
957:The Family of Paradise
928:
861:collaborated with the
731:Kum Kapu demonstration
714:
702:
544:Surb Karapet Monastery
523:
522:A portrait of Khrimian
515:
328:Surb Karapet Monastery
142:Surb Karapet Monastery
4638:Armenian nationalists
4618:Armenian male writers
4603:Catholicoi of Armenia
4256:National United Party
4225:National Agenda Party
4062:Zaven I Der Yeghiayan
4052:Zaven I Der Yeghiayan
3350:Խրիմյան Հայրիկ. Երկեր
3122:The Church of Armenia
2897:The Missionary Herald
2761:; Göçek, Fatma Müge;
2755:Libaridian, Gerard J.
2702:Philosophical Library
1967:Government of Armenia
1122:
1064:Alice Stone Blackwell
1060:The Missionary Herald
1016:
1007:Etchmiadzin Cathedral
1004:
985:
949:Alice Stone Blackwell
922:
906:Armenian population.
735:Garegin Srvandztiants
712:
697:
682:Etchmiadzin Cathedral
521:
513:
454:Alexandropol (Gyumri)
212:Etchmiadzin Cathedral
4633:Armenian theologians
4471:Battle of Sardarabad
4276:Army of Independence
4158:Armenian nationalism
4099:Karekin II Kazanjian
4094:Shenork I Kaloustian
3050:Franz Steiner Verlag
2992:Adalian, Rouben Paul
2659:"Արծվաթեւ մարտնչողը"
1400:Selçuk Akşin Somel.
1101:Richard Auldon Clark
608:, officially titled
379:Armenian nationalism
119:Matthew II Izmirlian
4542:Republic of Artsakh
4537:Republic of Armenia
2925:(in Armenian) (5).
2796:, pp. 167–168.
2677:Tumanyan, Hovhannes
2605:, pp. 121–122.
2542:, pp. 446–447.
2530:, pp. 236–237.
2321:on 2 January 2022.
2296:on 2 January 2022.
1990:, pp. 168–169.
1879:, pp. 428–429.
1749:, pp. 103–104.
1633:on 22 December 2017
1556:Hacikyan, Agop Jack
1221:Order of St. Andrew
1080:Yeghishe Tadevosyan
1019:Yeghishe Tadevosyan
867:Rouben Paul Adalian
751:St. James monastery
724:Pashtpan hayrenyats
597:in the eyes of the
429:, where he studied
381:and the consequent
4628:Armenian educators
4623:Armenian essayists
4515:Political entities
4365:Rafayel Ishkhanian
4315:Mikayel Nalbandian
4109:Sahak II Mashalian
4104:Mesrob II Mutafian
4007:Mkrtich I Khrimian
3262:University of Utah
3129:. Oxford: Mowbray.
3117:Ormanian, Malachia
2763:Naimark, Norman M.
2663:The Armenian Times
1424:Marmara University
1409:Sabancı University
1279:Hamidian massacres
1275:Hovhannes Tumanyan
1208:Verjaluysi dzayner
1201:Tagavorats zhoghov
1194:Agop Jack Hacikyan
1148:Hravirak Araratian
1140:
1109:26 Baku Commissars
1084:Vardges Sureniants
1023:
1011:
929:
925:Vardges Sureniants
855:Hamidian massacres
743:Grigoris Aleatjian
715:
637:Congress of Berlin
558:(governor) of the
524:
516:
431:classical Armenian
348:Congress of Berlin
344:Ottoman government
303:(Մկրտիչ Ա Վանեցի,
201:Erivan Governorate
4555:
4554:
4481:Karabakh movement
4476:February Uprising
4310:Khachatur Abovian
4117:
4116:
4042:Yeghische Tourian
4032:Malachia Ormanian
3993:
3454:
3453:
3445:Succeeded by
3417:Succeeded by
3394:Religious titles
3317:978-0-312-04230-1
3245:978-0-691-14730-7
3226:978-0-8223-0854-6
3207:978-1-4039-7467-9
3183:978-0-231-13926-7
3166:Panossian, Razmik
3014:Hewsen, Robert H.
3005:978-0-8108-7450-3
2915:Isahakyan, Avetik
2864:Acharian, Hrachia
2849:978-0-8131-9148-5
2824:978-0-9535191-8-7
2815:Gomidas Institute
2780:978-0-19-978104-1
2728:978-0-313-32362-1
2426:978-0-916919-24-5
2223:978-0-19-510318-2
2144:getronagan.k12.tr
1977:on 12 March 2014.
1571:978-0-8143-3221-4
1483:978-1-4724-1271-3
1441:Hasan Celal Güzel
1360:, pp. 84–85.
1254:Mıgırdıç Kırımyan
1160:1876: Խաչի ճառը,
945:Stepanos Nazarian
941:Mikael Nalbandian
933:Harutiun Svadjian
774:in an attempt to
739:Matthew Izmirlian
622:Gerard Libaridian
537:Artsvi Vaspurakan
499:Artsvi Vaspurakan
494:Scutari (Üsküdar)
411:parochial schools
305:Mkrtich A Vanetsi
271:
270:
92:26 September 1893
54:Garegin Hovsepian
4655:
4491:Khojaly massacre
4420:Movses Gorgisyan
4360:Silva Kaputikyan
4345:Avetis Aharonian
4325:Mkrtich Khrimian
4156:
4155:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4121:
4120:
4072:Mesrob I Naroyan
3989:
3987:Stepan Maghakyan
3813:Kalust Gaydzag I
3480:
3473:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3428:Preceded by
3399:Preceded by
3391:
3390:
3375:
3369:
3357:
3355:
3344:
3321:
3299:
3276:
3272:Armenia's Ordeal
3265:
3259:
3249:
3230:
3211:
3192:Payaslian, Simon
3187:
3175:
3161:
3130:
3127:J. E. C. Welldon
3112:
3103:
3089:
3066:
3061:
3031:
3009:
2979:
2978:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2948:. Archived from
2937:
2931:
2930:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2751:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2641:
2633:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2492:Vartooguian 1896
2489:
2480:
2479:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2394:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2261:Hovannisian 1971
2258:
2252:
2249:Hovannisian 1971
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2188:Vartooguian 1896
2185:
2179:
2176:Vartooguian 1896
2173:
2167:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2133:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2081:
2080:
2065:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1903:
1892:
1889:Vartooguian 1896
1886:
1880:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1668:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1629:. Archived from
1627:houshamadyan.org
1618:
1603:
1597:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1552:
1507:
1501:
1488:
1487:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1451:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1376:
1373:Vartooguian 1896
1370:
1361:
1355:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1322:
1307:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1250:Mıgırdıç Hrimyan
1242:
1190:Papik yev tornik
1183:Sirak yev Samuel
1068:Avetik Isahakyan
1054:Hrachia Acharian
997:Death and legacy
968:Razmik Panossian
953:female education
901:
886:
798:
789:
755:Armenian Quarter
674:
665:
652:Treaty of Berlin
397:. His father, a
340:Ottoman Armenian
301:Mkrtich I of Van
290:
289:: Մկրտիչ Խրիմյան
285:Մկրտիչ Խրիմեան,
274:Mkrtich Khrimian
203:, Russian Empire
196:
184:, Ottoman Empire
177:
175:
168:Mkrtich Khrimian
159:Personal details
125:Previous post(s)
50:
33:(Խրիմյան Հայրիկ)
29:Mkrtich I of Van
21:
20:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4510:
4439:
4435:Jirair Sefilian
4430:Vazgen Sargsyan
4425:Monte Melkonian
4370:Monte Melkonian
4295:
4266:Armenian fedayi
4251:Armenakan Party
4247:Defunct parties
4188:
4160:
4150:
4148:
4118:
4113:
4087:vacant, 1961–63
4077:vacant, 1943–51
4067:vacant, 1922–27
4057:vacant, 1915–19
3983:vacant, 1861–63
3773:vacant, 1689–92
3668:vacant, 1655–57
3593:vacant, 1608–11
3489:
3484:
3450:
3441:
3433:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3382:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3347:
3331:
3328:
3326:Further reading
3318:
3290:(in Armenian).
3257:
3246:
3227:
3208:
3184:
3094:Lynch, H. F. B.
3028:
3006:
2987:
2982:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2955:
2953:
2938:
2934:
2912:
2908:
2903:. Boston. 1891.
2894:
2893:
2889:
2876:(in Armenian).
2861:
2857:
2850:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2817:. p. 218.
2804:
2800:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2759:Suny, Ronald G.
2752:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2713:
2709:
2694:
2690:
2674:
2670:
2655:
2651:
2635:
2634:
2616:Harutyunyan, V.
2613:
2609:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2483:
2465:
2461:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2411:
2407:
2399:
2392:
2381:
2377:
2362:
2358:
2333:
2329:
2313:(in Armenian).
2309:
2308:
2304:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2247:
2243:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2210:
2206:
2200:Kostandyan 2006
2198:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2170:
2162:
2155:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2109:Kostandyan 2006
2107:
2103:
2097:Kostandyan 2006
2095:
2084:
2071:(in Armenian).
2067:
2066:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1945:
1904:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1789:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1687:
1669:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1619:
1606:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1553:
1510:
1502:
1491:
1484:
1470:
1466:
1452:
1438:
1434:
1418:Çelik, Yüksel.
1416:
1404:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1379:
1371:
1364:
1358:Kostandyan 2006
1356:
1347:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1217:
1176:Drakhti entanik
1128:Ivan Aivazovsky
1117:
1099:, conducted by
1092:Khrimian Hairig
1076:Ivan Aivazovsky
1027:Sergey Merkurov
999:
989:
965:
937:Grigor Artsruni
917:
912:
895:
880:
808:
807:
806:
805:
801:
800:
799:
791:
790:
763:
707:
701:
688:
687:
686:
685:
677:
676:
675:
667:
666:
633:
631:Berlin Congress
606:Khrimian report
568:
560:Erzurum Vilayet
529:
508:
391:
363:Khrimian Hayrik
267:
235:
198:
194:
193:29 October 1907
185:
179:
173:
171:
170:
169:
154:
100:29 October 1907
56:
34:
32:
30:
27:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4661:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4415:Hagop Hagopian
4412:
4410:Garegin Nzhdeh
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4390:Kevork Chavush
4387:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4355:Kevork Ajemian
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4335:Garegin Nzhdeh
4332:
4330:Shahan Natalie
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4203:Adequate Party
4200:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4179:
4174:
4172:United Armenia
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4147:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4124:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3991:(locum tenens)
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3958:Astvadzadur II
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3853:Hovhannes VIII
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3443:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3380:External links
3378:
3377:
3376:
3368:(dissertation)
3358:
3345:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3316:
3300:
3277:
3266:
3250:
3244:
3231:
3225:
3212:
3206:
3188:
3182:
3162:
3144:(2): 770–797.
3131:
3113:
3104:
3090:
3067:
3062:
3032:
3026:
3010:
3004:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2962:
2932:
2906:
2887:
2855:
2848:
2830:
2823:
2798:
2794:Panossian 2006
2786:
2779:
2773:. p. 86.
2746:
2734:
2727:
2707:
2688:
2668:
2665:(in Armenian).
2649:
2607:
2603:Payaslian 2007
2595:
2593:, p. 198.
2591:Panossian 2006
2580:
2578:, p. 119.
2576:Payaslian 2007
2568:
2556:
2554:, p. 456.
2544:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2506:, p. 141.
2504:Panossian 2006
2496:
2481:
2459:
2449:Armenian Poems
2432:
2425:
2405:
2402:on 2016-03-04.
2386:, ed. (2012).
2375:
2356:
2327:
2302:
2277:
2275:, p. 130.
2265:
2253:
2241:
2239:, p. 259.
2229:
2222:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2166:, p. 238.
2153:
2125:
2123:, p. 105.
2121:Voskanian 2007
2113:
2101:
2082:
2079:on 2017-10-26.
2051:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2006:groong.usc.edu
1992:
1988:Panossian 2006
1980:
1958:
1956:, p. 170.
1954:Panossian 2006
1943:
1893:
1881:
1864:
1862:, p. 174.
1860:Panossian 2006
1852:
1840:
1836:Kheremian 1872
1828:
1826:, p. 792.
1816:
1804:
1787:
1775:
1771:Panossian 2006
1763:
1761:, p. 104.
1759:Voskanian 2007
1751:
1747:Voskanian 2007
1739:
1737:, p. 103.
1735:Voskanian 2007
1727:
1725:, p. 102.
1723:Voskanian 2007
1715:
1713:, p. 168.
1711:Panossian 2006
1700:
1698:, p. 101.
1696:Voskanian 2007
1685:
1656:
1652:Voskanian 2007
1644:
1604:
1602:, p. 167.
1600:Panossian 2006
1589:
1577:
1570:
1508:
1504:Voskanian 2007
1489:
1482:
1464:
1432:
1422:(in Turkish).
1407:(in Turkish).
1392:
1377:
1362:
1345:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1266:
1257:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1116:
1113:
1103:. A school in
1088:Alan Hovhaness
998:
995:
986:
973:H. F. B. Lynch
964:
961:
916:
913:
911:
908:
812:Abdul Hamid II
803:
802:
793:
792:
784:
783:
782:
781:
780:
762:
759:
753:in the city's
706:
703:
698:
679:
678:
669:
668:
660:
659:
658:
657:
656:
632:
629:
578:, who was the
567:
564:
552:Artsvik Tarono
528:
525:
507:
504:
452:. He lived in
390:
387:
269:
268:
266:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
243:
241:
237:
236:
234:
233:
230:
227:
221:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
197:(aged 87)
191:
187:
186:
180:
167:
165:
161:
160:
156:
155:
153:
152:
145:
138:
132:
128:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
51:
43:
42:
36:
35:
31:Մկրտիչ Խրիմյան
28:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4660:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:Aram Manukian
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4385:Aghbiur Serob
4383:
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4350:Hayk Asatryan
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3843:Hovhannes VII
3841:
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3836:
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3829:
3828:Mardidros III
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
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3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
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3798:Melkisetek II
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3788:Melkisetek II
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3618:Hovhannes III
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:Hovhannes III
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
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3584:
3583:Hovhannes III
3581:
3579:
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3523:Astvadzadur I
3521:
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3037:
3033:
3029:
3027:0-226-33228-4
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2952:on 2020-08-05
2951:
2947:
2946:Naxos Records
2943:
2936:
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2795:
2790:
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2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2744:, p. 50.
2743:
2742:Tekkoyun 2011
2738:
2730:
2724:
2721:. Greenwood.
2720:
2719:
2711:
2704:. p. 84.
2703:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2645:
2639:
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2624:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2577:
2572:
2566:, p. 54.
2565:
2564:Tekkoyun 2011
2560:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2518:, p. 58.
2517:
2516:Tekkoyun 2011
2512:
2505:
2500:
2494:, p. 79.
2493:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2439:
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2338:
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2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2290:hushardzan.am
2287:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2263:, p. 41.
2262:
2257:
2251:, p. 40.
2250:
2245:
2238:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2202:, p. 85.
2201:
2196:
2190:, p. 90.
2189:
2184:
2178:, p. 86.
2177:
2172:
2165:
2164:Ormanian 1912
2160:
2158:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2111:, p. 84.
2110:
2105:
2099:, p. 83.
2098:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2049:, p. 97.
2048:
2047:Tekkoyun 2011
2043:
2037:, p. 96.
2036:
2035:Tekkoyun 2011
2031:
2025:, p. 56.
2024:
2023:Tekkoyun 2011
2019:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1891:, p. 80.
1890:
1885:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1850:, p. 61.
1849:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1814:, p. 29.
1813:
1808:
1802:, p. 52.
1801:
1800:Tekkoyun 2011
1796:
1794:
1792:
1785:, p. 89.
1784:
1783:Tekkoyun 2011
1779:
1773:, p. 70.
1772:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1654:, p. 99.
1653:
1648:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1587:, p. 51.
1586:
1585:Tekkoyun 2011
1581:
1573:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1506:, p. 98.
1505:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1485:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1411:. p. 4.
1410:
1403:
1396:
1390:, p. 53.
1389:
1388:Tekkoyun 2011
1384:
1382:
1375:, p. 91.
1374:
1369:
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1341:
1335:
1328:
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1306:
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915:Progressivism
907:
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645:Mount Lebanon
642:
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623:
618:
615:
611:
607:
602:
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599:Sublime Porte
596:
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351:
349:
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326:near Van and
325:
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244:
242:
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213:
210:
206:
202:
199:Etchmiadzin,
192:
188:
183:
166:
162:
157:
150:
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143:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
127:
123:
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91:
87:
83:
79:
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66:
63:
59:
55:
49:
44:
41:
37:
22:
19:
4324:
4181:
4086:
4076:
4066:
4056:
4006:
3990:
3982:
3953:Stepanos III
3943:Stepanos III
3923:Hovhannes XI
3913:Hovhannes XI
3858:Hovhannes IX
3772:
3763:Khachatur II
3713:Hovhannes VI
3667:
3663:Hovhannes IV
3592:
3578:Melkisetek I
3558:Hovhannes II
3436:
3408:
3363:
3349:
3332:
3307:
3291:
3285:
3271:
3235:
3216:
3196:
3171:
3141:
3135:
3121:
3108:
3098:
3075:
3045:
3039:
3017:
2995:
2985:Bibliography
2974:
2965:
2954:. Retrieved
2950:the original
2935:
2922:
2909:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2877:
2871:
2858:
2839:
2833:
2810:
2801:
2789:
2766:
2749:
2737:
2717:
2710:
2700:. New York:
2697:
2691:
2681:
2671:
2662:
2652:
2630:
2619:
2610:
2598:
2571:
2559:
2547:
2540:Adalian 2010
2535:
2523:
2511:
2499:
2476:
2473:The Armenite
2472:
2462:
2448:
2415:
2408:
2397:the original
2388:
2378:
2369:
2359:
2340:
2330:
2322:
2319:the original
2305:
2297:
2294:the original
2289:
2280:
2273:Adalian 2010
2268:
2256:
2244:
2232:
2213:
2207:
2195:
2183:
2171:
2143:
2116:
2104:
2077:the original
2042:
2030:
2018:
2005:
1995:
1983:
1975:the original
1961:
1913:
1907:
1884:
1855:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1778:
1766:
1754:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1672:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:the original
1626:
1580:
1560:
1473:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1427:
1412:
1395:
1326:
1319:. Retrieved
1314:
1305:
1286:
1269:
1260:
1253:
1240:
1207:
1200:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1123:
1115:Publications
1091:
1073:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1037:
1035:
1024:
991:
977:
966:
956:
930:
904:
871:
859:
848:
809:
764:
728:
723:
719:
716:
693:
689:
649:
643:autonomy in
634:
626:
619:
609:
605:
603:
592:
588:
579:
569:
555:
551:
541:
536:
530:
497:
479:
442:Ararat plain
439:
402:
392:
366:
362:
360:
352:
310:A native of
309:
304:
300:
273:
272:
195:(1907-10-29)
178:4 April 1820
18:
4573:1907 deaths
4568:1820 births
4037:Matteos III
4027:Matteos III
4017:Harootiun I
3968:Hagopos III
3948:Hagopos III
3938:Garabet III
3898:Hovhannes X
3868:Brokhoron I
3708:Stepanos II
3698:Hovhannes V
3688:Hovhannes V
3678:Mardiros II
3638:Khachatur I
3543:Hovhannes I
3503:Nigolayos I
3287:Etchmiadzin
3258:(MA thesis)
2923:Etchmiadzin
2873:Etchmiadzin
2237:Hewsen 2001
1877:Walker 1990
1812:Miller 2011
1637:28 February
1315:treasury.am
1162:Khachi char
963:Nationalism
896: [
881: [
851:Nicholas II
842:, and then
767:Etchmiadzin
572:Etchmiadzin
450:Nakhichevan
435:Etchmiadzin
421:islands in
375:progressive
218:Nationality
105:Predecessor
4562:Categories
4405:Armen Garo
4210:(Ramgavar)
4002:Ignatios I
3963:Matteos II
3903:Zakaria II
3893:Zakaria II
3888:Krikor III
3768:Garabed II
3753:Garabed II
3743:Garabed II
3733:Garabed II
3723:Garabed II
3703:Sarkis III
3693:Sarkis III
3658:Yegiazar I
3528:Stepanos I
3513:Mardiros I
3448:Matthew II
3442:1892–1907
3414:1869–1873
2975:yerevan.am
2956:2017-02-28
2552:Ramet 1989
2528:Lynch 1901
2370:Hay Zinvor
2315:Armenpress
1916:(4): 473.
1824:Özbek 2012
1321:29 January
1298:References
1031:death mask
836:Sevastopol
820:Alexandria
761:Catholicos
533:Varagavank
427:Varagavank
371:diminutive
324:Varagavank
261:journalist
240:Occupation
174:1820-04-04
149:Varagavank
97:Term ended
84:5 May 1892
25:Catholicos
4242:(Hunchak)
4216:(Dashnak)
4022:Khoren II
4012:Nerses II
3997:Boghos II
3973:Kevork II
3928:Abraham I
3918:Krikor IV
3833:Mickael I
3793:Mkhitar I
3778:Matteos I
3728:Sarkis IV
3718:Andreas I
3673:Tovmas II
3648:Tovmas II
3633:Giragos I
3623:Zakaria I
3613:Zakaria I
3608:Krikor II
3598:Krikor II
3588:Krikor II
3573:Diradur I
3568:Sarkis II
3533:Diradur I
3508:Garabed I
3498:Hovakim I
3298:: 97–109.
3158:144248707
3086:0135-0536
3052:: 31–48.
2638:cite book
2351:0135-0536
1938:161422809
1848:Suny 2015
1029:made his
1009:courtyard
747:Jerusalem
720:Sev khach
587:. As the
490:Cathedral
278:classical
252:publisher
151:(1857–62)
147:Abbot of
144:(1862–68)
137:(1869–73)
115:Successor
89:Installed
4395:Andranik
4340:Siamanto
4306:Thinkers
4165:Ideology
3978:Sarkis V
3933:Boghos I
3908:Taniel I
3883:Hagop II
3878:Kevork I
3863:Hagop II
3823:Avedik I
3818:Nerses I
3808:Avedik I
3803:Yeprem I
3783:Yeprem I
3748:Yeprem I
3683:Ghazar I
3563:Azaria I
3553:Sarkis I
3548:Tovmas I
3518:Krikor I
3341:16985479
3306:(1990).
3194:(2007).
3168:(2006).
3119:(1912).
3096:(1901).
3058:41044266
2994:(2010).
2929:: 38–42.
2917:(1945).
2895:"____".
2884:: 15–19.
2866:(1944).
2809:(2000).
2765:(eds.).
2623:Volume 9
1969:(2002).
1676:Volume 7
1443:(2001).
1334:cite web
1136:Feodosia
1130:, 1895,
1046:Vazgen I
641:Maronite
614:Tanzimat
589:de facto
580:de facto
487:Aghtamar
483:vardapet
423:Lake Van
320:vardapet
287:reformed
281:Armenian
264:activist
255:traveler
249:educator
225:Armenian
4444:History
4183:Miatsum
3873:Minas I
3848:Sahag I
3838:Sahag I
3758:Toros I
3738:Toros I
3653:Tavit I
3643:Tavit I
3628:Tavit I
3538:Hagop I
3431:Magar I
2880:(4–5).
2150:. 2010.
1680:641–642
1246:Turkish
1105:Yerevan
824:Trieste
776:Russify
474:Cilicia
466:Trabzon
258:thinker
109:Magar I
81:Elected
4300:People
4220:Hosank
3339:
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1215:Awards
1082:, and
1038:Hayrik
943:, and
844:Tiflis
840:Batumi
832:Odessa
828:Vienna
594:millet
470:Hasköy
464:, and
462:Batumi
458:Tiflis
448:, and
446:Shirak
407:Crimea
399:weaver
367:hayrik
246:Priest
208:Buried
61:Church
4380:Arabo
4320:Raffi
3354:(PDF)
3294:(9).
3154:S2CID
3054:JSTOR
3048:(1).
2807:Raffi
2400:(PDF)
2393:(PDF)
2140:(PDF)
1934:S2CID
1926:JSTOR
1405:(PDF)
1232:Notes
900:]
889:Gavar
885:]
874:Goris
816:Jaffa
548:Taron
419:Ktuts
403:Khrim
330:near
3337:OCLC
3312:ISBN
3240:ISBN
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3202:ISBN
3178:ISBN
3082:ISSN
3022:ISBN
3000:ISBN
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2775:ISBN
2723:ISBN
2644:link
2421:ISBN
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2218:ISBN
1639:2017
1566:ISBN
1478:ISBN
1340:link
1323:2022
1042:Haik
887:and
650:The
604:The
556:wali
425:and
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332:Mush
190:Died
164:Born
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