Surb Karapet Monastery

689: 4660: 646: 474: 578: 2744: 36: 3507:Մենք միտք չունինք գրելու վանքերի հրաշագործությունների մասին, միայն չէր կարելի մի քանի խոսք չասել Մշու դաշտի մեջ գտնված Գլակա սուրբ Կարապետի վանքի մասին: Յուր հրաշագործ զորություններով՝ հայոց մեջ մեծ համարում ունի այդ վանքը: Հայոց երգիչ «աշղները» ռամկաբանորեն կոչում են այդ վանքը Մուրատատու Ջանգլի սուլթան սուրբ Կարապետ: Առաջին ածականը բարդված է թուրքերեն և հայերեն երկու բառից. «մուրատատու» նշանակում է շնորհաբաշխ կամ փափագակատար: Բայց չգիտենք ի՞նչ հարմարություն ուներ սուրբ Կարապետին տալ երկրորդ ածականը — «Ջանգլի սուլթան», այսինքն պատերազմող թագավոր: 97: 2734: 826: 587: 738: 4651: 4643: 838: 104: 1144:"Ս. Կարապետի վանքը Արևմտյան Հայաստանում համարվում էր ամենամեծ ու ամենանվիրական սրբավայրը։ Նա ոչ միայն Տարոն աշխարհի ամենանշանավոր վանքն էր, այլև ամբողջ հայությանը ծանոթ մեծագույն մենաստանը ս. Էջմիածնից հետո։ Նրա համբավն ու հռչակը դուրս էր եկել ազգային սահմաններից և դարձել նաև սրբավայր տեղացի և օտար ազգերի համար: Բացի այդ, մեր մատենագիրների մոտ կան հիշատակություններ, որ օտարազգի քրիստոնյաներ շատ հաճախ են ուխտի եկել ս. Կարապետի վանքը։" 3280:Ձիարշավներն առավել մասսայական բնույթ էին ստանում ս. Կարապետի մոտ, նրա տոներին: Այս փաստն առանձնապես ուշագրավ է, քանի որ սուրբ Կարապետին նվիրված ժողովրդական տոնահանդեսները հնուց ի վեր աչքի են ընկել կրկեսային խաղերի բազմազանությամբ: Սուրբ Կարապետում նշանավոր ձիարշավները կազմակերպվում էին հատկապես Վարդավառին, որը հաճախ տեղի էր ունենում արգելքների հաղթահարումով, նիզակախաղով և այլն: Այս բոլորը լուրջ նախապատրաստություն էին պահանջում: 642:

subsequently, ceased to exist not only as a spiritual center, but also as an architectural monument. It remained abandoned until the 1960s when Kurdish families settled on the site. Photographs from 1951 show significant portion of the monastery still standing. Its ruins were "still visible" in the 1970s, but were subsequently "systematically used as a source of stone" to "build makeshift houses in the midst of the rubble."

1523: 333: 4668: 1533: 4254: 806:. It remained a prominent pilgrimage site until the First World War. People from every corner of Armenia made pilgrimages to the monastery. They usually held festivities at the monastery's yard. It was considered by believers to be "almighty" and was renowned for its perceived ability to heal the physically and mentally ill. 1605:Մշո Առաքելոց և Սբ. Կարապետ վանքերը միակ հնություններն են, որոնք հիշատակվում ենզբոսաշրջիկների ուղեցույցներում, այն էլ թրքացված ձևով (Arak venki և Çanlı kilise, այսինքն` զանգակատնով եկեղեցի), առանց նշելու նրանց հայկական ծագումը: Նույն ուղեցույցների Մուշի պատմությանը նվիրված ակնարկներում հայերի մասին հիշատակում չկա: 1133:"Moreover, lots of houses carried a mark of the past, both in terms of memory and actual stones. Khackhars and stone blocks from the monastery had been dispersed and used as building material in the new village. We could see these stones among newer ones in the foundations and walls of homes in Chengilli." 3372:Սայաթ-Նովան նույնպես իր խաղերից մեկում նշել է, որ ինքը այցելել է Մշո սուլթան Սուրբ Կարապետի վանքը և այնտեղ ստացել է իր շնորհը: Փաստորեն այդ վայրը դարձել էր ուխտատեղի բոլոր աշուղների համար, որոնք գնում էին, քնում սրբի գերեզմանի մոտ և երազի միջոցով երաժշտաբանաստեղծական ձիրքով օժտվում, դառնում անպարտելի: 767:

The monastery complex was composed of the main church, dedicated to the Holy Cross (Surb Khach) and four chapels to the east: Surb Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God), Surb Stepanos (Saint Stephen), Surb Karapet (Holy Precursor) and Surb Gevorg (Saint George). The main church was not a typical Armenian

609:, who visited the monastery in 1893, with the presence of the Kurdish threat and the suspicions of the Turkish government "this once flourishing monastery has been stripped of much of its glamour; indeed the monks are little better than prisoners of State." The monastery was looted in 1895 during the 601:

According to two French travelers in 1890, the monastery possessed large plots of land and it took several hours to get from one end to another. The estate was covered by forests, arable fields and had three farms with around a thousand goats and sheep, a hundred oxen and cattle, sixty horses, twenty

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The famous church and monastery of Surb Karapet, near Mush, traced its history to the martyrion built by St. Gregory over the relics of St. John the Baptist. In time, a cluster of chapels grew within the compound, with numerous graves of past bishops in them. Like other important sites in Tarôn, the

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called it "a vast walled hermitage". Lynch, who visited it in 1893, described the monastery as follows: "A walled enclosure, like that of a fortress, a massive door on grating hinges—such is your first impression of this lonely fane. You enter a spacious court, and face a handsome belfry and porch,

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At Surp Garabed Monastery, near Mush, a German officer was in command of the artillery which overcame the Armenians who were defending their women and children. When they were disarmed and huddled into the courtyard of the monastery, this officer mounted the wall and harangued them, upbraiding them

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In 1916 the Russian troops and Armenian volunteers temporarily took control of the area and transferred around 1,750 manuscripts to Etchmiadzin. They also saved an 18th-century reliquary of the right hand of John the Baptist made of silver repoussé. The area was recaptured by the Turks in 1918 and,

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and "scholars are convinced that the work is an original composition of a later period (post-eighth century), written as a deliberate forgery." Its main purpose seems to be asserting the monastery's preeminence. A relatively short "historical" romance, it tells the story of the five members of the

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the Turkish government obliged to preserve the religious institutions and structures of ethno-religious minorities, including those of the Armenian community. He added that he first forwarded a letter to government agencies in 2012 who promised to clean the site within six months. Dağcı stated in

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In May 2015 Aziz Dağcı, the President of the NGO "Union of Social Solidarity and Culture for Bitlis, Batman, Van, Mush and Sasun Armenians", made a formal appeal to the Turkish Ministries of Culture and Interior requesting the reconstruction of the monastery and the removal of all 48 houses and 6

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became its father superior and, simultaneously, the prelate of Taron. Khrimian sought to reform the way donations were handled by establishing a council which would finance community projects. Before his reforms, most of the money went to the monks and affluent Armenians of the region who offered

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of 1915 the monastery housed a large number of Armenians escaping the deportations and massacres. Turkish forces and Kurdish irregulars laid siege to the monastery, but the Armenians within resisted for more than two months. According to contemporary reports, around five thousand Armenians were

2409:, ed. (1916). "Moush: Resume of Information Furnished by Refugees in the Caucasus and Published in the Caucasian Press, Especially in the Armenian Journal "Mschak"; compiled by Mr. G. h. Paelian, and Communicated by him to the Armenian Journal "Ararat," of London, March, 1916.". 3401:

In order to acquire the art, anyone who aspires to become an ashough first observes a fast of seven weeks, then goes to the monastery of the Sourb Karapet, which is the Parnassus of Armenian musicians. The 'Sourb Karapet' is John the Baptist, who is the patron saint of Armenian

281:. From the 12th century, the monastery was the seat of the diocese of Taron, which had an Armenian population of 90,000 in the early 20th century. It attracted pilgrims and hosted large celebrations on several occasions annually. The monastery was burned and looted during the 797:

The monastery was historically the religious center of Taron. From the 12th century until its destruction, the monastery was the seat of the diocese of Taron, which had an Armenian population of 90,000 (circa 1911). It was considered the largest and most eminent shrine in

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wrote of the monastery: "The buildings ... are of stone, very massive and very irregular, rising one above another at various angles. There was hardly any pretence of architecture, and none of the picturesque appearance which is so characteristic of Greek monasteries."

2712: 1157:"Until the 1915 genocide the monastery dedicated to Surb Karapet in the environment of Mush, west of Lake Van in present-day Turkey, was a pilgrimage site surpassed in importance only by Etchmiadzin, the See of the Armenian Apostolic Church, and perhaps Jerusalem." 447:, served as its father superior. The monastery's possessions were expanded in the seventh century, but the building was reduced to ruins by an earthquake in the same century. It was subsequently rebuilt and the chapel of Surb Stepanos (St. Stephen) was founded. 1131:"Today Saint Karapet consists of a few shapeless ruins, carved stones and khachkars which have been used as building material by the current Muslim residents (mostly Zaza Kurds), and are often found embedded in the walls of local homes and structures." 5120: 426:, Taron's princely house: Mushegh, Vahan, Smbat, his son Vahan Kamsarakan, and the latter's son Tiran, who were known as the Holy Warriors of John the Baptist, their patron saint. They defended the monastery and other churches in the district. 270:—the princely house of Taron, who claimed to be the holy warriors of John the Baptist, their patron saint. It was expanded and renovated many times in later centuries. By the 20th century, it was a large fort-like enclosure with four chapels. 1876:Ս. Գրիգոր Լուսավորիչը, ով մինչ Տրդատ արքայի մոտ ծառայության անցնելն ամուսնացած էր Աթանագինեի քրոջ՝ Մարիամի հետ, Կեսարիայից վերադառնալիս նրա մասունքները Ս. Հովհաննես Մկրտչի նշխարների հետ Հայաստան է բերում և թաղում Տարոն գավառի Գլակա վանքում: 2067:Առավել ուշադրության արժանի են Մշո Ս. Կարապետ վանքին վերաբերող նյութերը։ Այստեղ ցույց է տրված, թե վանական կալվածների գոյությունը վտանգից զերծ պահելու համար, վանքի հոգևոր առաջնորդները ինչպիսի մեծ նվիրատվություններ են կատարել թուրք փաշաներին: 1996:"Մաշտոցյան ավանդույթները հայ դպրոցում (Հայ գրերի գյուտի, դպրոցի և դպրության 1600-ամյակի առթիվ) [The Mashtots Traditions in Armenian Schools (to the 1600th Anniversary of the Creation of Armenian Written Language and School)]" 774:(chamber). It was built of mostly gray stones and was supported by 16 columns. The chapels of Surb Karapet and Surb Stepanos had domes, with "high cylindrical drums and conical roofs". The chapel of Surb Astvatsatsin was provided to 2704: 3180:

Vartavar was a traditional day of pilgrimage to churches named in honor of John the Baptist. The most popular destination was the Monastery of Sourp Garabed of Moush, whose main church was named in honor of St. John the

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885 թ. պետականության վերականգնումից հետո կյանքն աստիճանաբար վերափոխվում է, և դպրոցի այս տիպը (վանական) մեծ զարգացում ու տարածում է գտնում: Այսպիսի դպրոցներ են բացվում Մշո Գլակա ու Առաքելոց վանքերում, Նարեկա վանքում և

493:. In the 1750s, the Surb Karapet church was destroyed by Persian troops. In the 18th century, several earthquakes hit the monastery. The one in 1784 being especially devastating; destroyed the main church, the 2171:Գևորգ Չավուշը (իսկական ազգանունը՝ Ղազարյան) 1886–88 թթ-ին սովորել է Մշո Սբ Կարապետ վանքի դպրոցում, որը նրա ուսուցիչ Հովհաննես վարդապետ Մուրադյանի ջանքերով վերածվել էր ազատագրական գաղափարների տարածման կենտրոնի: 3589: 1757:

place was a site for year-round pilgrimage, but especially on the feast-day of the Forerunner, John the Baptist, Surb Karapet. The nine springs that surrounded the site added to its monastic attraction.

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The oldest pilgrimage site in Armenia, the monastery of Surb Karapet, St. John the Baptist, in Moush, the starting locus of Armenian Christianity, where a large cathedral stood, is entirely gone.

2092: 671:, as of 2001, only traces of two chambers of the chapel of Surb Stepanos remain, while the rest of the monastery's remains consist of "foundations and ruined walls", which are used as barns. 854:

princes as it was the dynasty's sepulchral abbey. According to Lynch, the tombs of Mushegh, Vahan the Wolf, Smbat and Vahan Kamsarakan were located near the southern wall of the monastery.

3666:Շատ գեղեցիկ ճանապարհներ ունի ս. Կարապետի վանքը, բարձր ու ոլորիկ անցուղիներ։ Առատ ձյունը խոր շերտով նստել էր այդ բլրի վրա։ Ձյունով էին ծածկված վանքի բոլոր սարերը իրենց դրախտային անտառներով։ 1435:

At present the Kurdish village of Changli is situated in the site of the monastery. The ruined parts of the monastery laid in the walls of different buildings in the present-day village.

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The other, the Monastery of St. Karapet of Mush, was a vast walled hermitage that was totally destroyed along with all the residents of the area during the Armenian Genocide of 1915.

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In August 2013 an Armenian-style silver cross attributed by the seller to the Surb Karapet Monastery appeared on the Russian auction website Bay.ru and was valued at $ 70,000. The

3774:"Երկվորյակների առասպելի ելակետային արժեքը հայ վիպական հուշարձանների հորինվածքում [Initial Significance of the Myth of Twins in the Composition of Armenian Epic Monuments]" 3678: 2627: 1342: 2442:

for their lack of loyalty to Turkey and her allies; then, by firing a pistol, gave the signal to the Turks to slaughter three thousand men, women, and children gathered there.

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donkeys and four mules, which were taken care of by 156 servants. In 1896 an orphanage was founded next to the monastery, which housed a library and a school for 45 children.

2311:"Արևմտահայ վանական տնտեսությունը (XIX դարի երկրորդ կես – XX դարի սկիզբ) [Monasterial Economy in Western Armenia (second half of XIX century beginning of XX century)]" 453:

is skeptical of the traditional narrative. She suggests that the foundation of the monastery is, instead, "most probably connected with the rise of the monastic movement" in

5685: 3013:...the famous monastery of St. Garabed, the region's most important spiritual and educational center and also the seat of the diocese's archbishop since the twelfth century. 1385:

Bugün bu görkemli manastırdan sadece bir iki duvar kalmış. Eşsiz zenginlikteki taş işçiliği örnekleri ise Çengilli köyü camisi dahil pek çok binanın duvarlarında yer alıyor.

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built a palace within the monastery, but it was destroyed by fire in 1058 along with St. Gregory (Surb Grigor) Church which had a wooden roof. Following the death of the

4003: 688: 3307:Հաշվի առնելով, որ լարախաղացությունը սերտորեն առնչվում էր Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետի պաշտամունքին, այն հիմնականում տարածված էր Տարոն աշխարհում, մասնավորապես, մշեցիների շրջանում: 3693:

He finished his remarks by envoking the name of one of western Armenia's most famous monasteries – Until September 9, Let us be guided by 'Msho Sultan Sourb Karapet'.

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Muş'daki Surp Garabed Manastırı, yıkılmadan önce, Ermenilerin, Paskalya'dan 98 gün sonra suyun kutsandığı Vartavar Bayramı'nda en çok rağbet ettiği yerlerden biriydi.

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The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915–1916: Documents Presented to Viscount Grey of Fallodon by Viscount Bryce, with a Preface by Viscount Bryce

2057:"Թուրքական աղբյուրները Հայաստանի և հայերի մասին (XVI—XVIII դդ.) (Համառոտ ակնարկ) [The Turkish Sources about Armenia and Armenians (XVI-XVIII centuries)]" 515:

In 1827 Kurdish gangs seized and looted the monastery, destroying the furniture and manuscripts. However, the monastery prospered at the beginning in 1862 when

2132: 1704: 1370: 980: 2600: 1206: 5675: 5695: 3608: 5725: 3538: 3523: 5030: 4265: 3293:"Անհապաղ պաշտպանության կարիք ունեցող ոչ նյութական մշակութային ժառանգության ցանկ [Intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding]" 5680: 2347:"Փաստաթղթեր 1894–1896 թթ. հայկական կոտորածների վերաբերյալ (Բիթլիսի նահանգ) [Documents on Armenian Massacres in 1894–1896 (Bitlis Province))]" 273:

Historically, the monastery was the religious center of Taron and was a prominent pilgrimage site. It was considered the most important monastery in

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in the 940s. In the late ninth century, following the establishment of Bagratid Armenia, a school was founded at the monastery. In the 11th century

5377: 3717: 3773: 1404: 5431: 5282: 4836: 3996: 1343:"'Valilik, Surp Garabet Manastırı'nı keyfi olarak tahliye etmiyor' ['Governorship does not arbitrarily evacuate Surp Garabet Monastery']" 729:

noted the seller did not provide much information and added that "All we can see is that it is delicate silver work and nothing else is known ."

5026: 3292: 953: 520:

fierce opposition to him, including two attempts on his life. In his first year, he founded a largely secular school at the monastery, called

409:

Zenob Glak, a Syriac archbishop, is traditionally believed to have been its first father superior. He is sometimes mentioned as the author of

127: 5358: 4852: 4619: 3885: 638:, the Turks slaughtered "three thousand men, women, and children" gathered at the courtyard of the monastery on command of a German officer. 5038: 2575: 5272: 4422: 2503: 2481: 957: 663:(cross stones), which are embedded in the walls. The remaining stones are "being systematically carried off by the local Kurds for their 5065: 2810: 1422: 5227: 5054: 4921: 4406: 4205: 3989: 3688: 3153:"Սարգիս Հարությունյան. Հայ առասպելաբանությունը. Բեյրութ, 2000 [Review of Sargis Harutyunyan. Armenian Mythology. Beirut, 2000]" 1703:

Harutyunyan, Sargis (2001). "Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետ եկեղեցու պաշտամունքային նախահիմքերը և Ս. Կարապետի կերպարն ըստ ժողովրդական ավանդության".

1120:, the martyrium of John the Baptist was probably at first a hall-shaped building with archaic-style cupola, but was later much altered. 630:

massacred "near the wall of the monastery", while the monastery itself was "sacked and robbed". According to the American missionaries

51: 3791:

Kharatyan, Lusine; Keskin, Ismail; Keshishyan, Avetis; Ozturk, S. Aykut; Khachatryan, Nane; Albayrak, Nihal; Hakobyan, Karen (2013).

3163:...մի այլ ավանդությամբ «Մշո սուլթան Սուրբ Կարապետ» «կայուն մակդիրով» ասել է ըմբռնվելով որպես Մուշ կամ Տարոն աշխարհի «տեր ու տիրական»: 1352: 3243: 1857: 1741: 489:

in order to secure the monastic properties. From the 16th to the 18th centuries the monastery often sheltered Armenians fleeing the

5426: 5197: 4717: 392:

suggests that in Armenia some of the qualities of the pagan god Vahagn were passed down to John the Baptist. Folk belief held that

3907:

van Lint, Theo M. (2005). "The Gift of Poetry: Khidr and John the Baptist as Patron Saints of Muslim and Armenian Āšiqs – Ašułs".

2685: 1310: 1129:"Their homes, built from the fine dressed stones of the monastery, are often found decorated with khachkars taken from the ruins." 5483: 5301: 4681: 3476: 3384: 3042:Հայոց եկեղեցին և իր պատմութիւնը, վարդապետութիւնը, վարչութիւնը, բարեկարգութիւնը, արաողութիւնը, գրականութիւն, ու ներկայ կացութիւնը 1930: 1561: 465:

in 1185 the monastery was attacked by Muslims. Archbishop Stepanos was killed and the monks abandoned the monastery for a year.

5342: 4880: 4623: 2346: 2216: 2154: 1135:"Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետն ամբողջովին ավերված էր, որի տարածքում գտնվող քրդերի տները կառուցված էին վանքի սրբատաշ քարերից և խաչքարերից" 96: 4876: 3805: 3534: 2250: 1593: 1214: 5740: 5730: 5625: 5619: 5478: 5034: 4948: 4892: 4703: 4659: 4627: 3489:Հատկապես նշանավոր են «մուրազատու» «Մշո սուլթան» Ս. Կարապետ վանքին նվիրված երգերը, որոնք կոչվում են նաև «Ս. Կարապետի երգեր»: 1176: 1024: 566: 3359: 2692:

Church of Saint John the Baptist (Surb Karapet), Mush, 1212 Artist: Sarepion (act. 13th century) Walnut Private collection

507:) was enlarged, and renovation was carried out in its belfry, the monks' cells, scriptorium, ramparts and other sections. 5416: 5187: 4932: 4868: 4597: 4340: 2637: 1649: 368:

idols Gisané and Demeter on the site of the cloister. They were presumably razed to the ground by Gregory, who erected a

862:

The monastery was a center of large annual celebrations. Various secular events took place in the surroundings, such as

5488: 4848: 4543: 4144: 3811: 3635: 3452: 3077: 1785: 3981: 3194: 2855: 2766: 5436: 5362: 5307: 5242: 5050: 4984: 4872: 4314: 4134: 4063: 4053: 4048: 3949: 3920: 3897: 3569: 3006: 2583: 2281: 1949:"Մովսես Խորենացին և Աթանաս Տարոնացու ժամանակագրությունը [Movses Khorenatsi and Atanas Taronatsi's Chronicle]" 1717: 1660: 1507: 1426: 1285: 961: 680:

March 2016 that an eviction order was issued, but the governor of Muş arbitrarily does not comply with the decision.

5070: 2140: 1723: 1380: 5613: 5297: 5080: 4906: 4888: 4713: 4692: 4631: 4426: 4109: 3051: 3045: 2832: 2610: 2542: 2212: 2162: 1827: 497:, part of the bell tower and the southern wall. In 1788 the monastic complex underwent complete reconstruction—its 3912: 3396: 2663: 1586: 613:. By the early 20th century the monastery's structure was deteriorating. The decline continued until the start of 5710: 5516: 5172: 5126: 5042: 4749: 4168: 3938: 3763: 3321:

The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: The Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Volume 2

3124: 2000: 983:

during the genocide. It is recognized as "one of the most powerful literary responses to the Armenian Genocide."

443:

In the sixth century, the chronicler Atanas Taronatsi (Athanas of Taron), best remembered for collocation of the

1323:

The vank is completely in ruins. Remaining are a few stone structures facing each other about thirty feet apart.

949:

describes the monastery in the 1890 poem "The morning of Taron" (Տարոնի առավոտը) as "magnificently ornamented".

5582: 5354: 4963: 4900: 4124: 2883: 1087: 1047: 725:

said that they were trying "to verify the details regarding the news reports about the auction." Art historian

722: 320:, also the name of the village in which it is located). They sometimes provide a version of its Armenian name: 3705: 1970:Տարոնի Ս. Կարապետ վանքի առաջնորդ Աթանաս Տարոնացին է, որը կարգել է հայոց նոր թվականությունը, այն սկսելով 552 թ. 5700: 5530: 5381: 5338: 4980: 4864: 4860: 4728: 4604: 4517: 4229: 4088: 3963: 3800:. The Institute for International Cooperation Of the German Adult Education Association (dvv international). 2374: 1674: 285:

of 1915 and later abandoned. Its stones have since been reappropriated by local Kurds for building purposes.

3970: 5705: 4976: 4821: 4098: 4094: 3842: 3204: 2788: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2185: 1867: 965: 120: 2389:"Մշոյ Ս. Կարապետ վանքի ողբալի վիճակը [The tragic condition of the Surb Karapet monastery of Mush]" 5317: 5312: 5293: 5287: 5046: 5020: 4400: 3713: 2024:"Մշո Սբ. Կարապետ վանքի պատմության մի դրվագ [A Historical Fragment of St. Karapet Church in Mush]" 1177:"Armenian monastery of Surb Karapet (the Holy Precursor, St. John the Baptist) in Mush (Muş İli), Turkey" 1091: 998: 886:

was widely practiced by the Armenians of Taron and featured prominently during feasts at the monastery..

3655: 1948: 5735: 5554: 5277: 4856: 4840: 4801: 3783: 3543:Հանգիստ կացի՛ր, բարեպաշտ մարդ, / Այն խաչը չէ քո պաշտելի / Սուրբ Կարապետ շքեղազարդ / Հայոց վանքի գմբեթի։ 2708: 2687:

Armenia: Art, Religion, and Trade in the Middle Ages - MetPublications - The Metropolitan Museum of Art

2615:

Muş'taki Surp Garabet Manastırı'na gittik, geriye biraz duvar ve tonozlar kalmış, altına ahır yapılmış.

702: 3830: 1924: 5720: 5177: 5167: 5152: 5100: 4844: 4806: 4615: 1447: 1408: 1002: 233: 56: 3622:

Peroomian, Rubina (2007). "Historical Memory: Threading the Contemporary Literature of Armenia". In

3299: 1935:Մեսրոպը իր նախնական կրթությունը ստացավ իր նահանգում (Տարոնում), թերևս ս. Կարապետի հռչակավոր վանքում։ 5654: 5597: 5473: 5330: 5257: 5252: 4884: 4771: 4667: 4078: 3778: 3274: 3157: 3027:, p. 201: "Ընդհանրապես Տարոնի աշախարհի ազգային և հոգևոր կյանքի կենտրոնը ս. Կարապետի վանքն էր։" 2357: 2315: 2136: 2061: 2028: 1953: 1751: 490: 361: 357: 337: 293:

Throughout its history, the monastery has been known by several names. One of the common names was

237: 2933: 813:(Մշո սուլթան Սուրբ Կարապետ), literally translating to "Sultan Surb Karapet of Mush". The epithet " 545:(Msho Gegham) studied there. From April 1, 1863 until June 1, 1865 Khrimian published the journal 481:

In the mid-16th century the Surb Karapet chapel was built. According to the 17th-century traveler

5459: 5110: 4896: 4832: 4791: 3706:"Հայաստանի Հանրապետության Ազգային Ժողով Չորրորդ Գումարման Ութերորդ Նստաշրջան Սղագրություն – N 41" 2894: 353: 263: 189: 2833:"Mother See tries to verify information about cross attributed to St. Karapet Monastery of Mush" 1929:. Հայագիտական հետազոտությունների մատենաշար (in Armenian). Yerevan: Hayastan Publishing. p. 709:

in 1996. It was discovered by an Istanbul-based German artist in 1976 who acquired it for 5,000

5502: 5141: 4781: 4582: 4043: 3868: 3623: 3270:"Հնագույն մրցախաղերի կրկեսային կերպարաձևերը [Circus Forms of Ancient Contesting Games]" 3233: 2998: 558: 324:. Turkish sources and travel guides generally omit the fact that it was an Armenian monastery. 3909:

Redefining Christian Identity: Cultural Interaction in the Middle East Since the Rise of Islam

3444: 3324: 2735:"Մշոյ Սուրբ Կարապետ վանքի դուռը 1915 թ. ի վեր առաջին անգամ է հասանելի դարձել լայն հանրութեանը" 2436: 1455: 1155:"Հայաստանի հոգևոր կենտրոնների մեջ իր դերով ու նշանակությամբ եղել է երկրորդը (Էջմիածնից հետո):" 975:

mentions the monastery and its well-known bells. The poem, published in 1959, is dedicated to

565:, a total of 43 issues were published. Khrimian left the monastery in 1868 when he became the 5421: 5346: 4709: 4432: 4360: 4201: 4193: 3957: 3559: 3415: 2368: 1777: 1668: 1430: 803: 654: 562: 542: 278: 179: 79: 5202: 2990: 2818: 2795:(in Armenian). Research Center on Western Armenian Studies. 13 November 2019. Archived from 825: 645: 462: 5577: 5217: 5156: 5005: 5000: 4589: 4572: 4550: 4506: 4222: 2923: 755: 538: 473: 255: 3880:

Sinclair, Thomas A. (1989). "Surb Karapet (Turk. "Çengilli Kilise"), Monastery, ruined.".

3175: 2986: 2204: 2166: 1871: 417:, Պատմութիւն Տարօնոյ), although the work is generally attributed to the otherwise unknown 8: 5715: 5182: 4995: 4733: 4650: 4442: 4375: 4334: 4309: 4234: 4215: 4197: 4139: 4026: 3333:

had to make a pilgrimage to the Sourb Karapet monastery in Moosh (now in eastern Turkey).

2571: 1769: 1198: 1180: 1117: 1018: 935: 882:. Horse racing competitions were held on Vardavar and involved a large number of people. 775: 701:

Two monumental carved wooden doors from the monastery, dated 1212, were displayed at the

577: 174: 3441:

A Reference Guide to Modern Armenian Literature, 1500–1920: With an Introductory History

2927: 2192:Սովորել է Տարոնի Ղզլաղաճ գյուղի, Մշո Ս. Կարապետ վանքի և Միացյալ ընկերության դպրոցներում: 789:, accommodations for pilgrims, the 19th-century prelacy building and a monastic school. 5540: 5535: 5396: 5262: 5222: 5212: 5131: 4943: 4304: 4129: 4114: 4033: 4011: 3602: 3519: 3133: 2269: 1495: 1302: 946: 879: 676: 610: 365: 35: 3484: 745:

The monastery was surrounded by strong walls and was similar to a fortress. Historian

266:

in the early fourth century. The monastery subsequently served as a stronghold of the

5370: 5146: 5116: 5075: 5060: 4990: 4958: 4816: 4786: 4611: 4577: 4533: 4395: 4380: 4365: 4355: 4319: 4270: 4187: 3916: 3893: 3864: 3848: 3801: 3651: 3631: 3565: 3448: 3238: 3037: 3002: 2991: 2879: 2773:. Daily News of the Ministry of Diaspora of Armenia. 15 November 2017. Archived from 2579: 2406: 2277: 2246: 1781: 1713: 1621: 1565: 1503: 1281: 1210: 1006: 991: 883: 867: 746: 726: 626: 450: 444: 437: 352:

According to Armenian tradition, the site was founded in the early fourth century by

282: 217: 2093:"Mapping the Fatherland: Artzvi Vaspurakan's Reforms through the Memory of the Past" 1498:; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2002). "Zenob Glak". 817:" was bestowed as a reference to its high status as the "lord and master" of Taron. 657:(or Çengilli), the village build on its site, include stones from the monastery and 5410: 5366: 5334: 5267: 5085: 4972: 4938: 4698: 4447: 4385: 4250: 4209: 4180: 4163: 4119: 4068: 2457:

Vue du clocher et du bloc des églises / View of the bell tower and the church block

2019: 1920: 1273: 1062: 1051: 940: 668: 516: 458: 454: 429: 389: 373: 341: 317: 259: 482: 5136: 4953: 4796: 4765: 4494: 4472: 4466: 4459: 4414: 4282: 4151: 4083: 4073: 3838: 3759:"Տարոնի հոգևոր առաջնորդը [Spiritual leader and eparchial chief of Taron]" 3531:Հովհաննես Թումանյան Երկերի Լիակատար Ժողովածու. Հատոր Առաջին՝ Բանաստեղծություններ 3420: 3221:Այդուհանդերձ վարդավառյան համահայկական նշանավոր ուխտավայրը` Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետն էր: 3115: 2424: 1630:...Surb-Karabet Manastırı (ki Türkler «Canlı» veya «Çengelli Kilise» derlerdi)... 904: 799: 631: 554: 526: 433: 418: 394: 274: 3747: 2274:

The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the eighteenth century to modern times

1184: 83: 5350: 5326: 5192: 5015: 4760: 4642: 4275: 4244: 3822: 3555: 2767:"Wooden door of Mush's St. Karapet Armenian Monastery currently kept in London" 2653:Մշոյ Սուրբ Կարապետ Վանքի Վերականգնման Համար Դիմում Ներկայացուած Է Կառավարութեան 1746: 768:

church but was a large hall and is believed to have originally functioned as a

606: 586: 530: 398:(demons) were kept underneath the monastery; they would be released during the 3952:: 20–25. July–November 2010. Archived from the original on September 22, 2014. 3847:. Robert Bedrosian (translator). New York: Sources of the Armenian Tradition. 3594:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Haypethrat. Archived from the original on 2016-11-17. 2510: 971:

In the 7,000-line-long poem "Ever-Tolling Bell Tower" («Անլռելի զանգակատուն»)

737: 369: 5669: 4538: 4476: 4348: 4324: 3388: 3319:

Manukyan, Manuk (2008). "Music of Armenia: Ashugh". In Koskoff, Ellen (ed.).

3084: 2658: 2651: 2522: 2229:Հետագայում ուսումը շարունակել է Մշո Սբ Կարապետ վանքի ժառանգավորաց դպրոցում... 1663:: 29–30. January–June 2010. Archived from the original on September 26, 2014. 1529: 1500:

The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the sixth to the eighteenth century

1107:Իննակնեան վանք in classical spelling, and Իննակնյան վանք in reformed spelling 782: 713:. After his death, it was auctioned in London in 1996 and sold for $ 50,000. 710: 706: 557:, and hence accessible to the common people. The journal sought to raise the 534: 399: 142: 129: 5010: 3889: 3852: 3089: 1859:Ս. Աթանագինե եպիսկոպոսի և նրա տաս աշակերտների նահատակության հիշատակության օր 1650:"Issue dedicated to the memory of architecture historian Armen Hakhnazarian" 4557: 4511: 4390: 4158: 4104: 4058: 3585: 3208: 2774: 2739: 2433:

An American Physician in Turkey: A Narrative of Adventures in Peace and War

1625: 972: 919: 863: 781:

The three-storey bell tower was built in the 18th century. There were also

2865: 1407:(in Turkish). Muş Province Culture and Tourism Directorate. Archived from 705:

in 2018. It belongs to a private collector in Canada who acquired it from

297:(Գլակավանք), meaning "Monastery of Glak" after its first father superior, 4775: 4487: 4294: 3683: 3178:. New York: Eastern Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America. 2428: 635: 614: 3867:(2002). "The Art and Architecture of Baghesh/Bitlis and Taron/Mush". In 2840: 2552: 2453:

Three photos creditted to "1951 (SALT Research, Coll. Ali Saim Ülgen)":

1146:"Արեւմտեան Հայաստանի մեծագոյն սրբատեղին եւ ուխտավայրն էր Ս. Կարապետը..." 1009:

ended his speech saying "Let us be guided by Msho Sultan Surb Karapet".

837: 5495: 5207: 5162: 4755: 4743: 4738: 4676: 4528: 4523: 4482: 4437: 4299: 4260: 4173: 4038: 3596:«Սուրբ Կարապետ»-ի զանգը զիլ զանգեց, Ամեն մի զանգը՝ մի-մի... յո՜թ հոլով. 3137: 3119: 2836: 1597: 915: 851: 751: 423: 332: 298: 267: 3882:

Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume I

2856:"Լեւոն Չուգասզյան. "eBay-ում ձեռագիրն ու խաչը նույն մարդն է վաճառում"" 2272:; Basmajian, Gabriel; Franchuk, Edward S.; Ouzounian, Nourhan (2005). 675:

barns on its former location. Dagcı stated that according to the 1923

5547: 5392: 5322: 4501: 4329: 3329:

Traditionally, after a term of apprenticeship with a master, a young

786: 494: 167: 1706:Հայոց սրբերը և սրբավայրերը [Armenian Saints and Sanctuaries] 5095: 4723: 4567: 4562: 4452: 4239: 4012:

Ancient, medieval, and historical Armenian churches and monasteries

3939:"The condition of Armenian monuments in Western Armenia since 1915" 3679:"Raffi Hovannesian – We Will Wait Till December 9 for Artsakh Vote" 2632: 875: 770: 659: 3463:: by seeking divine grace at the monastery of Surb Karapet in Muš. 2268: 1494: 649:

Stones from the monastery in the walls of houses in Yukarıyongalı.

5633: 5589: 5090: 4370: 4289: 4018: 2814: 2605: 1831: 976: 943:

mentions the monastery and describes its perceived almightiness.

504: 385: 380:. According to other sources the pagan temples were dedicated to 377: 3856: 3758: 3459:

He was initiated into a minstrelsy in the tradition of Armenian

2796: 2243:

Armenian Organization and Ideology Under Ottoman Rule: 1908–1914

440:, may have studied at the monastery in the late fourth century. 277:

and the second most important of all Armenian monasteries after

262:, whose remains are believed to have been stored at the site by 5605: 5570: 5523: 5509: 5400: 4916: 3790: 2860: 2528: 2516: 2462:

Enceinte sud, portail et tour / South enclosure, gate and tower

1995: 899: 871: 814: 664: 381: 245: 241: 5647: 5640: 5466: 5452: 3269: 3152: 2388: 2310: 2056: 2023: 1958: 968:

depicts the monastery along with other major Armenian sites.

897:

The monastery was a traditional pilgrimage site for Armenian

499: 486: 3794:

Moush, sweet Moush: Mapping Memories from Armenia and Turkey

3749:Հայրենագիտական էտյուդներ [Armenian studies sketches] 3196:Պայծառակերպություն. մարդու հոգին լուսավորող և այլակերպող տոն 2360:: 119–142. Archived from the original on December 18, 2014. 802:. It was the second most important Armenian monastery after 485:

the leadership of the monastery made large gifts to Turkish

5237: 2112: 2110: 1502:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 100–101. 1467: 1465: 1375: 1347: 908: 3096: 3057: 1886: 1884: 1822:

Vardanian, V.; Zarian, A. (1981). "Մշո Ս. Կարապետ վանք ".

1817: 1686: 1684: 4968: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 918:

is recorded to have made a trip to the monastery to seek

5691:

Christian monasteries disestablished in the 20th century

3298:(in Armenian). e-gov.am. 20 January 2011. Archived from 3018: 2952: 2940: 2290: 2107: 2072: 2036: 1838: 1462: 1300: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1229: 997:

In October 2010, during the discussion of a bill in the

553:, «Արծւիկ Տարօնոյ») at the monastery. It was written in 360:

to spread Christianity following the conversion of King

2328: 2326: 2147: 1881: 1681: 3827:

Armenia: Travels and Studies II: The Turkish Provinces

3176:"Liturgical Calendar of the Armenian Apostolic Church" 3044:(in Armenian). Constantinople: Ter-Nersesean. p. 2964: 2811:"Historical Armenian cross valued at $ 70,000 on eBay" 2276:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 372. 1975: 1896: 1794: 2205:"Շահմուրադյան Արմենակ [Armenak Shahmuradyan]" 1280:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 206. 1226: 5686:

Christian monasteries established in the 4th century

3628:

The Armenian Genocide: Cultural and Ethical Legacies

3439:

Bardakjian, Kevork B., ed. (2000). "Sayeat'-Nōvay".

2904: 2323: 1620:(in Turkish). Istanbul: Tifdruk. 1965. p. 415. 1525:՜՜Սուրբ Կարապետ՝՝ Քրիստոնեայ Հայոց Առաջին Աղօթավայրը 1452:

Mémoires historiques et géographiques sur l'Arménie

1405:"Kilise ve Manastır [Church and monastery]" 692:

The carved wooden doors on display the Met in 2018.

364:. At the time, there were two brass statues of the 2257:He was educated at St. Garabed Monastery in Muş... 1712:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Hayastan. pp. 21–28. 750:the façade inlaid with slabs of white marble with 305:, translating to "Monastery of the Nine Springs". 3483:(in Armenian). pp. 1031–1032. Archived from 3443:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 3383: 3114: 2690:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2018. p. 109. 2496:"Holy Precursor Monastery of Moush or Klagavank'" 2474:"Holy Precursor Monastery of Moush or Klagavank'" 2413:. London: Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 94–95. 2135:(in Armenian). Institute for Armenian Studies of 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 981:intellectuals who were deported on April 24, 1915 595:The entrance to the monastery from the bell tower 477:View of the monastery from the south in the 1890s 388:, the foremost deities in pre-Christian Armenia. 5667: 3607:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 1371:"Manastır taşlarıyla örmüşler Muş'u dört baştan" 930:Numerous songs were dedicated to the monastery. 620: 347: 3664:] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Sovetakan grogh. 2541:Gharabaghtsyan, Sergo (January–February 2006). 2405: 1821: 1750:. St. Nersess Armenian Seminary. Archived from 1580: 1578: 1562:"Tarihi Eserler [Historical monuments]" 1454:(in French). Paris: Imprimerie Royale. p. 1082:It is sometimes transliterated into English as 372:to house the remains of Saints Athenogenes and 2628:"Surp Garabet Manastırı için harekete geçildi" 2540: 2127: 2125: 1390: 1303:"In Search of Our Roots – An Armenian Odyssey" 103: 3997: 3343: 3341: 1556: 1554: 1205:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 956:, created by the 20th-century Israeli artist 240:, about 30 km (19 mi) northwest of 5676:1915 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire 2981: 2979: 2932:. London: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 2891:The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine 1575: 1446: 1364: 1362: 40:The monastery before its destruction in 1915 5696:Buildings and structures demolished in 1915 2467:Enceinte sud, tour / South enclosure, tower 2423: 2182: 2122: 1946: 1742:"An Overview of Early Armenian Monasticism" 1702: 1546:...վանքը առած է նաեւ Իննակնեան վանք անունը։ 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1423:"St. Karapet Monastery, 4th–19th centuries" 994:describes a winter scene at the monastery. 4004: 3990: 3837: 3782:(in Armenian) (2): 178–192. Archived from 3756: 3746:(1979). "Տարոնի պատմական հուշարձանները ". 3615: 3438: 3347: 3338: 2133:"Խրիմյան Հայրիկ [Khrimian Hayrik]" 2116: 2078: 2018: 1993: 1907: 1564:(in Turkish). Muş Valiliği. Archived from 1551: 1368: 1351:(in Turkish). 7 March 2016. Archived from 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 990:(«Ռանչպարների կանչը», published in 1979), 903:(folk musicians). It has been compared to 34: 3742: 3650: 3621: 3395:. London: Smith, Elder & co. p. 3063: 3024: 2993:The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History 2985: 2976: 2958: 2878: 2636:(in Turkish). 29 May 2015. Archived from 2395:(in Armenian) (5). Tiflis: 248–249. 1903. 2308: 2296: 2090: 1926:Հայոց գրերը [The Armenian Script] 1844: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1471: 1359: 301:. Due to its location it was also called 66:Completely demolished; some traces remain 5726:Buildings and structures in Muş Province 5681:Destroyed Armenian monasteries in Turkey 3906: 3879: 3771: 3752:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Sovetakan Grogh. 3564:. Harvard University Press. p. 36. 3554: 3518: 3474: 3318: 3192: 3150: 3102: 3075: 3069: 3036: 2853: 2789:"Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետ վանքի դռան ոդիսականը" 2601:"Muş'taki Ermeni mirasının yıkımı durdu" 2240: 2091:Derderian, Dzovinar (16 December 2014). 2054: 1919: 1890: 1690: 1584: 1477: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 792: 736: 687: 644: 472: 331: 3976:(includes historical and recent photos) 3863: 3630:. Transaction Publishers. p. 106. 3267: 2970: 2946: 2344: 2155:"Գևորգ Չավուշ [Gevorg Chavush]" 1981: 1768: 1592:. Institute of Oriental Studies of the 1369:Mildanoğlu, Zakarya (1 November 2013). 1328: 1245: 1197: 5668: 3875:. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Press. 3873:Armenian Baghesh/Bitlis and Taron/Mush 2929:Turkish Armenia and Eastern Asia Minor 2245:. Transaction Publishers. p. 38. 1957:(in Armenian) (1): 225. Archived from 1733: 1635: 1272: 1191: 1021:, another prominent monastery in Taron 925: 850:The monastery housed tombs of several 754:." A decade earlier, English traveler 236:monastery in the historic province of 3985: 3821: 3720:from the original on 21 December 2014 3584: 3535:Armenian National Academy of Sciences 3524:Տարոնի առավոտը (The morning of Taron) 3500: 3413: 3391:; Raffi, Aram (1914). "II: Culture". 3076:Havatian, Yesayi (20 November 2012). 2922: 2910: 2565: 2332: 2219:from the original on 21 December 2014 2042: 1824:Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia Volume 7 1594:Armenian National Academy of Sciences 1301:Archdeacon Charles Hardy (May 2000). 1251: 907:in Greece, which was the home of the 874:competitions during the festivals of 809:The monastery was popularly known as 683: 312:(lit. "Church with Bell Towers"), or 3829:. Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 2598: 1587:"Armenian Mush: Yesterday and Today" 1570:Çanlı Kilise (Surpgarabet Manastırı) 1025:Armenian cultural heritage in Turkey 567:Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople 889: 16:Former Armenian monastery in Turkey 13: 2854:Hakobyan, Gohar (19 August 2013). 2743:(in Armenian). 30 September 2018. 2362:Ս. Կարապետի վանքն ևս կողոպտուած է: 2183:Harutyunyan, G. (1980). "Հրայր ". 1739: 1001:that would formally recognize the 14: 5752: 3971:Монастырь Сурб Карапет близ Муша. 3950:Research on Armenian Architecture 3931: 3884:. London: Pindar Press. pp. 3687:. 29 October 2010. Archived from 3246:from the original on 29 July 2021 3193:Sugikyan, Karine (14 July 2012). 2747:from the original on 29 July 2021 2715:from the original on 29 July 2021 2666:from the original on 29 July 2021 1661:Research on Armenian Architecture 1532:. 18 January 2011. Archived from 1427:Research on Armenian Architecture 1313:from the original on 29 June 2020 4666: 4658: 4649: 4641: 3825:(1901). "From Mush to Erzerum". 3698: 3671: 3654:(1979). "Հեսու վարդապետի մոտ ". 3644: 3578: 3548: 3512: 3481:"Christian Armenia" Encyclopedia 3079:Ուխտագնացի Նօթեր (Ե.) Հողին Ուժը 2997:. London: I. B. Tauris. p. 2884:"An Armenian Liturgical Curtain" 2839:. 15 August 2013. Archived from 2817:. 15 August 2013. Archived from 2241:Kaligian, Dikran Mesrob (2009). 2213:Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing 2163:Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing 1828:Armenian Encyclopedia Publishing 1203:Historical Dictionary of Armenia 857: 836: 824: 778:monks on the feast of St. John. 585: 576: 468: 316:(meaning "Church with Bells" in 102: 95: 3911:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 3764:Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri 3735: 3494: 3477:"Ուխտ [Religious vows]" 3468: 3432: 3416:"The Spirit of Armenian Poetry" 3407: 3377: 3351:Սայաթ-Նովան և աշուղական արվեստը 3323:. New York: Routledge. p. 3312: 3285: 3261: 3234:"11 bin yıldır dilek tutuyoruz" 3226: 3186: 3168: 3144: 3108: 3030: 2916: 2872: 2847: 2825: 2803: 2781: 2759: 2727: 2697: 2678: 2644: 2620: 2592: 2559: 2534: 2488: 2447: 2417: 2399: 2381: 2338: 2302: 2262: 2234: 2197: 2176: 2084: 2048: 2012: 2001:Lraber Hasarakakan Gitutyunneri 1987: 1940: 1913: 1850: 1762: 1696: 1610: 1516: 1440: 1149: 1138: 1123: 1110: 1101: 1076: 1041: 732: 716: 510: 308:Turkish sources refer to it as 3393:Travel and politics in Armenia 3118:; Arakelova, Victoria (2004). 1947:Matevossian, Artashes (1989). 1415: 1294: 1276:(2001). "Mush and Its Plain". 1169: 1048:Classical Armenian orthography 723:Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin 605:According to British traveler 214:Surb Karapet Monastery of Mush 199:4th century (traditional date) 1: 5555:Saint Gregory the Illuminator 5427:Church of the Holy Archangels 3414:Raffi, Aram (February 1920). 3358:(in Armenian). Archived from 3088:(in Armenian). Archived from 2864:(in Armenian). Archived from 2551:(in Armenian). Archived from 2435:. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 1030: 911:. The prominent 18th-century 621:Destruction and current state 348:Foundation to the Middle Ages 3714:National Assembly of Armenia 3588:(1959). "Ղողանջ հերոսական". 3205:Holy Trinity Church, Yerevan 2662:(in Armenian). 9 June 2015. 2609:(in Turkish). Archived from 2190:(in Armenian). p. 620. 2186:Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia 1868:Araratian Pontifical Diocese 1379:(in Turkish). Archived from 966:Church of the Holy Sepulchre 762: 561:of the Armenians. Edited by 7: 5741:Churches destroyed by arson 5731:World War I sites in Turkey 3242:(in Turkish). 20 May 2011. 2599:Örer, Ayça (30 July 2013). 2544:Ուխտագնացություն դեպի էրգիր 1618:Hayat türkiye ansiklopedisi 1278:Armenia: A Historical Atlas 1050:: Մշոյ Սուրբ Կարապետ վանք; 1012: 741:Floor plan of the monastery 10: 5757: 3772:Ghrejyan, Lousine (2010). 3757:Costandian, E. A. (1999). 3561:Jerusalem, City of Longing 3348:Yernjakyan, Lilit (2012). 2882:(September–October 2014). 2709:Metropolitan Museum of Art 1994:Mkhitarian, S. M. (2005). 703:Metropolitan Museum of Art 667:." According to historian 376:which he had brought from 327: 229: 5563: 5445: 5391: 5236: 4915: 4815: 4675: 4639: 4017: 3962:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3767:(in Armenian) (1): 66–76. 3151:Zakaryan, Almast (2001). 2705:"Carved Doors / Armenian" 2373:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1673:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1005:(Artsakh), opposition MP 1003:Nagorno-Karabakh Republic 800:Western (Turkish) Armenia 275:Turkish (Western) Armenia 244:, in present-day eastern 221: 203: 195: 185: 173: 163: 158: 119: 90: 75: 70: 62: 57:Armenian Apostolic Church 50: 45: 33: 26: 21: 5655:San Lazzaro degli Armeni 5432:Monastery of St. Saviour 3779:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 3656: 3590: 3533:(in Armenian). Yerevan: 3350: 3278:(in Armenian) (1): 109. 3275:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 3268:Ordoyan, Grigor (2009). 3195: 3161:(in Armenian) (2): 297. 3158:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 3078: 2652: 2543: 2358:Yerevan State University 2316:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 2309:Hambaryan, Azat (2000). 2137:Yerevan State University 2065:(in Armenian) (1): 104. 2062:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 2055:Papazian, A. H. (1992). 2029:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 1954:Patma-Banasirakan Handes 1858: 1826:(in Armenian). Yerevan: 1524: 1098:(from Western Armenian). 986:In the historical novel 811:Msho sultan Surb Karapet 696: 362:Tiridates III of Armenia 288: 3624:Hovannisian, Richard G. 2895:Cleveland Museum of Art 2345:Avagyan, Gohar (2014). 2032:(in Armenian) (1): 197. 354:Gregory the Illuminator 264:Gregory the Illuminator 190:Gregory the Illuminator 143:38.961068°N 41.191697°E 5711:1915 disasters in Asia 5517:St. Nicholas Monastery 5417:Cathedral of St. James 3869:Richard G. Hovannisian 2319:(in Armenian) (2): 34. 1910:, Translator's Preface 1603:on 22 September 2014. 1568:on 23 September 2014. 1433:on 23 September 2014. 1066: 979:, who was among those 962:Chapel of Saint Helena 742: 693: 650: 559:national consciousness 478: 436:, the inventor of the 344: 226:Msho Surb Karapet vank 222:Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետ վանք 121:Geographic coordinates 28:Մշո Սուրբ Կարապետ վանք 22:Surb Karapet Monastery 3691:on 29 December 2014. 3487:on 22 December 2014. 3475:Sargsyan, L. (2002). 3125:Iran and the Caucasus 3120:"The Yezidi Pantheon" 2987:Kévorkian, Raymond H. 2924:Tozer, Henry Fanshawe 2566:Darke, Diana (2011). 2529:Kharatyan et al. 2013 2517:Kharatyan et al. 2013 2169:on 21 December 2014. 1874:on 21 December 2014. 1778:Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1754:on 29 December 2014. 1411:on 23 September 2014. 1071:Surpgarabet Manastırı 1056:Mšo Surp Garabed vank 793:Cultural significance 740: 691: 665:own building purposes 648: 563:Garegin Srvandztiants 543:Gegham Ter-Karapetian 476: 402:by John the Baptist ( 335: 322:Surpgarabet Manastırı 5701:4th-century churches 5437:Chapel of St. Helena 3092:on 24 December 2014. 2868:on 31 December 2019. 2843:on 31 December 2019. 2821:on 31 December 2019. 2799:on 25 February 2021. 2777:on 27 February 2019. 2555:on 21 December 2014. 2506:on 5 September 2024. 2484:on 5 September 2024. 2354:Armenological Issues 2004:(in Armenian): 105. 1770:Thierry, Jean-Michel 1383:on 17 January 2020. 1199:Adalian, Rouben Paul 1187:on 31 December 2019. 756:Henry Fanshawe Tozer 539:Armenak Shahmuradyan 524:. Among others, the 491:Ottoman–Persian Wars 463:Sökmen II Shah Armen 148:38.961068; 41.191697 5706:1910s fires in Asia 5422:Church of St. Toros 5363:St. Sarkis, Isfahan 5178:Skanchelagordz Vank 5021:Barthoghimevos Vank 4857:Jigrasheni Avetyats 3716:. 28 October 2010. 3591:Անլռելի զանգակատուն 3520:Tumanyan, Hovhannes 3211:on 29 December 2014 3038:Ormanian, Maghakʻia 2640:on 26 January 2021. 2613:on 3 January 2020. 2572:Bradt Travel Guides 2356:(in Armenian) (1). 2270:Hacikyan, Agop Jack 2045:, pp. 176–177. 1496:Hacikyan, Agop Jack 1181:Library of Congress 1118:Jean-Michel Thierry 1019:Arakelots Monastery 999:Armenian Parliament 988:The Call of Plowmen 926:Cultural references 831:Traditional dancing 547:The Eaglet of Taron 139: / 111:Shown within Turkey 5536:Notre Dame de Tyre 4628:St. Paul and Peter 4034:Arshakid Mausoleum 3865:Maranci, Christina 3817:on 3 January 2015. 3652:Dashtents, Khachik 3428:(2). New York: 26. 3362:on 30 January 2019 3105:, pp. 351–52. 2880:Kouymjian, Dickran 1448:Saint-Martin, Jean 1088:classical spelling 947:Hovhannes Tumanyan 933:In the 1866 novel 880:Assumption of Mary 743: 694: 684:Surfaced artifacts 677:Treaty of Lausanne 653:Many buildings in 651: 611:Hamidian massacres 479: 345: 234:Armenian Apostolic 207:4th–19th centuries 5736:Armenian genocide 5663: 5662: 5612:Nor Nakhichevan ( 4315:Mashtots Hayrapet 4188:Targmanchats Vank 3807:978-3-942755-12-2 3744:Avetisyan, Kamsar 3657:Ռանչպարների կանչը 3066:, pp. 202–3. 2949:, pp. 123–4. 2500:collectif2015.org 2478:collectif2015.org 2252:978-1-4128-4245-7 2020:Matevosyan, Karen 1921:Adjarian, Hrachia 1740:Terian, Abraham. 1585:Hovhannisyan, A. 1274:Hewsen, Robert H. 1216:978-0-8108-7450-3 1094:: Գլակա վանք) or 1092:reformed spelling 1007:Raffi Hovannisian 992:Khachik Dashtents 884:Tightrope walking 868:tightrope walking 843:Tightrope walking 776:Syriac (Assyrian) 747:Dickran Kouymjian 727:Levon Chookaszian 627:Armenian genocide 541:, and the writer 451:Christina Maranci 445:Armenian calendar 438:Armenian alphabet 283:Armenian genocide 211: 210: 5748: 5721:John the Baptist 5624:St. Petersburg ( 5411:Armenian Quarter 5025:Constantinople ( 4802:Yeghishe Arakyal 4670: 4662: 4653: 4645: 4006: 3999: 3992: 3983: 3982: 3975: 3967: 3961: 3953: 3943: 3926: 3903: 3876: 3860: 3855:. Archived from 3844:History of Taron 3839:Mamikonean, John 3834: 3818: 3816: 3810:. Archived from 3799: 3787: 3768: 3753: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3606: 3598: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3537:. 1988. p. 3527: 3526:" (in Armenian). 3516: 3510: 3509: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3367: 3345: 3336: 3335: 3316: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3297: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3253: 3251: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3216: 3207:. Archived from 3190: 3184: 3183: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3116:Asatrian, Garnik 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3093: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3055: 3049: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3015: 2996: 2983: 2974: 2968: 2962: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2888: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2502:. Archived from 2492: 2486: 2485: 2480:. Archived from 2451: 2445: 2444: 2425:Ussher, Clarence 2421: 2415: 2414: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2372: 2364: 2351: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2321: 2320: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2266: 2260: 2259: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2201: 2195: 2194: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2165:. Archived from 2151: 2145: 2144: 2139:. Archived from 2129: 2120: 2114: 2105: 2104: 2099:. Archived from 2097:houshamadyan.org 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2033: 2016: 2010: 2009: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1966: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1894: 1888: 1879: 1878: 1870:. Archived from 1864:araratian-tem.am 1854: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1835: 1819: 1792: 1791: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1722:. Archived from 1711: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1664: 1654: 1646: 1633: 1632: 1614: 1608: 1607: 1602: 1596:. Archived from 1591: 1582: 1573: 1572: 1558: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1492: 1475: 1469: 1460: 1459: 1444: 1438: 1437: 1429:. Archived from 1419: 1413: 1412: 1401: 1388: 1387: 1366: 1357: 1356: 1355:on 3 March 2022. 1339: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1318: 1298: 1292: 1291: 1270: 1249: 1243: 1224: 1223: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1183:. Archived from 1173: 1158: 1153: 1147: 1142: 1136: 1127: 1121: 1114: 1108: 1105: 1099: 1080: 1074: 1059: 1052:Western Armenian 1045: 840: 828: 669:Robert H. Hewsen 589: 580: 517:Mkrtich Khrimian 459:Grigor Magistros 455:Bagratid Armenia 430:Hrachia Acharian 415:Patmutiun Tarono 411:History of Taron 390:James R. Russell 374:John the Baptist 342:John the Baptist 260:John the Baptist 258:" and refers to 228:, also known by 223: 154: 153: 151: 150: 149: 144: 140: 137: 136: 135: 132: 106: 105: 99: 38: 19: 18: 5756: 5755: 5751: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5666: 5665: 5664: 5659: 5559: 5441: 5387: 5232: 4911: 4873:Karmir Avetaran 4811: 4807:Yerits Mankants 4766:Kusanats Anapat 4671: 4664: 4663: 4655: 4654: 4647: 4646: 4637: 4467:Bgheno-Noravank 4084:Kristapori Vank 4013: 4010: 3973: 3955: 3954: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3900: 3823:Lynch, H. F. B. 3814: 3808: 3797: 3738: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3712:(in Armenian). 3704: 3703: 3699: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3662:Call of Plowmen 3658: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3620: 3616: 3600: 3599: 3592: 3583: 3579: 3572: 3556:Goldhill, Simon 3553: 3549: 3529: 3517: 3513: 3505:(in Armenian). 3499: 3495: 3473: 3469: 3455: 3437: 3433: 3421:The New Armenia 3412: 3408: 3382: 3378: 3365: 3363: 3352: 3346: 3339: 3317: 3313: 3305:on 2014-12-21. 3302: 3295: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3266: 3262: 3249: 3247: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3214: 3212: 3203:(in Armenian). 3197: 3191: 3187: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3149: 3145: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3080: 3074: 3070: 3062: 3058: 3035: 3031: 3023: 3019: 3009: 2984: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2957: 2953: 2945: 2941: 2921: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2886: 2877: 2873: 2852: 2848: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2809: 2808: 2804: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2771:Armenians Today 2765: 2764: 2760: 2750: 2748: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2684: 2683: 2679: 2669: 2667: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2597: 2593: 2586: 2564: 2560: 2545: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2523: 2515: 2511: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2472: 2452: 2448: 2422: 2418: 2407:Toynbee, Arnold 2404: 2400: 2387: 2386: 2382: 2366: 2365: 2349: 2343: 2339: 2331: 2324: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2284: 2267: 2263: 2253: 2239: 2235: 2222: 2220: 2211:(in Armenian). 2209:encyclopedia.am 2203: 2202: 2198: 2181: 2177: 2161:(in Armenian). 2159:encyclopedia.am 2153: 2152: 2148: 2143:on 1 July 2019. 2131: 2130: 2123: 2117:Costandian 1999 2115: 2108: 2103:on 24 May 2021. 2089: 2085: 2079:Costandian 1999 2077: 2073: 2053: 2049: 2041: 2037: 2017: 2013: 1992: 1988: 1980: 1976: 1964: 1962: 1945: 1941: 1918: 1914: 1908:Mamikonean 1985 1906: 1897: 1889: 1882: 1866:(in Armenian). 1860: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1843: 1839: 1820: 1795: 1788: 1767: 1763: 1738: 1734: 1726: 1720: 1709: 1701: 1697: 1689: 1682: 1666: 1665: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1636: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1600: 1589: 1583: 1576: 1560: 1559: 1552: 1539: 1537: 1536:on 3 March 2016 1528:(in Armenian). 1526: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1510: 1493: 1478: 1470: 1463: 1445: 1441: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1403: 1402: 1391: 1367: 1360: 1341: 1340: 1329: 1316: 1314: 1299: 1295: 1288: 1271: 1252: 1244: 1227: 1217: 1196: 1192: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1090:: Գլակայ վանք; 1081: 1077: 1057: 1054:pronunciation: 1046: 1042: 1033: 1015: 964:at Jerusalem's 928: 905:Mount Parnassus 895: 860: 848: 847: 846: 845: 844: 841: 833: 832: 829: 795: 765: 735: 719: 699: 686: 632:Clarence Ussher 623: 599: 598: 597: 596: 592: 591: 590: 582: 581: 555:modern Armenian 513: 471: 434:Mesrop Mashtots 432:suggested that 419:John Mamikonean 350: 330: 314:Çengelli Kilise 291: 254:translates to " 147: 145: 141: 138: 133: 130: 128: 126: 125: 115: 114: 113: 112: 109: 108: 107: 41: 29: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5754: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5651: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5637: 5636: 5630: 5629: 5622: 5617: 5609: 5608: 5602: 5601: 5593: 5592: 5586: 5585: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5567: 5565: 5564:Rest of Europe 5561: 5560: 5558: 5557: 5551: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5527: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5506: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5406: 5404: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5374: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5263:Dzordzori Vank 5260: 5255: 5249: 5247: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4996:Arakelots Vank 4993: 4988: 4977:Tigran Honents 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4928: 4926: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4845:Ejmiatsnetsots 4828: 4826: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4772:Ghazanchetsots 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4688: 4686: 4673: 4672: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4608: 4601: 4593: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4418: 4417: 4411: 4410: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4352: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4247: 4245:Makenyats Vank 4242: 4237: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4192:Vagharshapat ( 4190: 4184: 4183: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4023: 4021: 4015: 4014: 4009: 4008: 4001: 3994: 3986: 3978: 3977: 3968: 3933: 3932:External links 3930: 3928: 3927: 3921: 3904: 3898: 3877: 3861: 3859:on 2005-12-15. 3835: 3819: 3806: 3788: 3786:on 2022-08-07. 3769: 3754: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3697: 3670: 3643: 3637:978-1412806190 3636: 3614: 3577: 3570: 3547: 3528:Reproduced in 3511: 3501:Raffi (1866). 3493: 3467: 3454:978-0814327470 3453: 3431: 3406: 3389:Buxton, Harold 3376: 3337: 3311: 3284: 3260: 3225: 3201:holytrinity.am 3185: 3167: 3143: 3107: 3095: 3068: 3064:Avetisyan 1979 3056: 3029: 3025:Avetisyan 1979 3017: 3007: 2975: 2973:, p. 124. 2963: 2961:, p. 205. 2959:Avetisyan 1979 2951: 2939: 2915: 2913:, p. 177. 2903: 2871: 2846: 2824: 2802: 2780: 2758: 2726: 2696: 2677: 2643: 2619: 2591: 2584: 2568:Eastern Turkey 2558: 2533: 2521: 2519:, p. 107. 2509: 2487: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2446: 2416: 2398: 2380: 2337: 2335:, p. 179. 2322: 2301: 2299:, p. 206. 2297:Avetisyan 1979 2289: 2282: 2261: 2251: 2233: 2196: 2175: 2146: 2121: 2106: 2083: 2071: 2047: 2035: 2011: 1986: 1984:, p. 122. 1974: 1939: 1912: 1895: 1893:, p. 352. 1880: 1849: 1847:, p. 204. 1845:Avetisyan 1979 1837: 1793: 1787:978-0810906259 1786: 1761: 1732: 1729:on 2022-08-07. 1718: 1695: 1693:, p. 187. 1680: 1634: 1609: 1574: 1550: 1515: 1508: 1476: 1474:, p. 203. 1472:Avetisyan 1979 1461: 1439: 1414: 1389: 1358: 1327: 1293: 1286: 1250: 1248:, p. 123. 1225: 1215: 1190: 1167: 1160: 1159: 1148: 1137: 1122: 1109: 1100: 1075: 1039: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1014: 1011: 927: 924: 894: 888: 859: 856: 842: 835: 834: 830: 823: 822: 821: 820: 819: 794: 791: 764: 761: 734: 731: 718: 715: 711:Deutsche Marks 698: 695: 685: 682: 622: 619: 607:H. F. B. Lynch 594: 593: 584: 583: 575: 574: 573: 572: 571: 551:Artzvik Tarono 531:Kevork Chavush 522:Zharangavorats 512: 509: 470: 467: 356:, who went to 349: 346: 329: 326: 303:Innaknian vank 290: 287: 256:Holy Precursor 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 197: 196:Groundbreaking 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 177: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 156: 155: 123: 117: 116: 110: 101: 100: 94: 93: 92: 91: 88: 87: 77: 73: 72: 68: 67: 64: 60: 59: 54: 48: 47: 43: 42: 39: 31: 30: 27: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5753: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5627: 5626:St. Catherine 5623: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5610: 5607: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5471: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5454: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5347:St. Catherine 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4985:Holy Apostles 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4792:Tsitsernavank 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4751: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4644: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4602: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4477:Tatevi Anapat 4474: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4325:Neghutsi Vank 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4020: 4016: 4007: 4002: 4000: 3995: 3993: 3988: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3924: 3922:90-429-1418-1 3918: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3899:9781904597704 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3813: 3809: 3803: 3796: 3795: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3710:parliament.am 3707: 3701: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3680: 3674: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3639: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3610: 3604: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3586:Sevak, Paruyr 3581: 3573: 3571:9780674034686 3567: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3551: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3508: 3504: 3497: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3471: 3464: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3410: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3373: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3344: 3342: 3334: 3332: 3326: 3322: 3315: 3308: 3301: 3294: 3288: 3281: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3264: 3257: 3245: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3229: 3222: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3189: 3182: 3177: 3171: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3111: 3104: 3103:van Lint 2005 3099: 3091: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3072: 3065: 3060: 3053: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3026: 3021: 3014: 3010: 3008:9781848855618 3004: 3000: 2995: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2980: 2972: 2967: 2960: 2955: 2948: 2943: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2919: 2912: 2907: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2885: 2881: 2875: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2806: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2784: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2762: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2736: 2730: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2665: 2661: 2660: 2655: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2595: 2587: 2585:9781841623399 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2562: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2537: 2531:, p. 69. 2530: 2525: 2518: 2513: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2491: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2420: 2412: 2408: 2402: 2394: 2390: 2384: 2376: 2370: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2348: 2341: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2318: 2317: 2312: 2305: 2298: 2293: 2285: 2283:9780814332214 2279: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2254: 2248: 2244: 2237: 2230: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2193: 2189: 2187: 2179: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2150: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2128: 2126: 2119:, p. 67. 2118: 2113: 2111: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2087: 2081:, p. 66. 2080: 2075: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2051: 2044: 2039: 2031: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2015: 2008: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1990: 1983: 1978: 1971: 1961:on 2014-12-25 1960: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1943: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1916: 1909: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1892: 1891:van Lint 2005 1887: 1885: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1846: 1841: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1789: 1783: 1780:p. 175. 1779: 1775: 1771: 1765: 1758: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1736: 1725: 1721: 1719:5-540-01771-4 1715: 1708: 1707: 1699: 1692: 1691:Ghrejyan 2010 1687: 1685: 1676: 1670: 1662: 1658: 1651: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1613: 1606: 1599: 1595: 1588: 1581: 1579: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1557: 1555: 1547: 1535: 1531: 1530:Vatican Radio 1527: 1519: 1511: 1509:9780814330234 1505: 1501: 1497: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1443: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1418: 1410: 1406: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1377: 1372: 1365: 1363: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1344: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1324: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1297: 1289: 1287:0-226-33228-4 1283: 1279: 1275: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1222: 1218: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1194: 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