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January 1, 2009) makes it an infraction to write, send, or read text-based communication on an electronic wireless communications device, such as a cell phone, while driving a motor vehicle. Two additional laws dealing with the use of wireless telephones while driving went into effect July 1, 2008. The first law prohibits all drivers from using a handheld wireless telephone while operating a motor vehicle. The law allows a driver to use a wireless telephone to make emergency calls to a law enforcement agency, a medical provider, the fire department, or other emergency services agency. The base fine for the FIRST offense is $ 20 and $ 50 for subsequent convictions. With penalty assessments, the fine can be more than triple the base fine amount. According to
California Vehicle Code §23123, Motorists 18 and over may use a “hands-free device". The second law effective July 1, 2008, prohibits drivers under the age of 18 from using a wireless telephone or hands-free device while operating a motor vehicle (VC §23124). The consistency of increased crash risk between hands-free and hand-held phone use is at odds with legislation in over 30 countries that prohibit hand-held phone use but allow hands-free. Scientific literature is mixed on the dangers of talking on a phone versus those of talking with a passenger, with the Accident Research Unit at the
357:
397:. The first call on a handheld mobile phone was made on April 3, 1973, by Martin Cooper, then of Motorola to his opposite number in Bell Labs who were also racing to be first. Bell Labs went on to install the first trial cellular network in Chicago in 1978. This trial system was licensed by the FCC to ATT for commercial use in 1982 and, as part of the divestiture arrangements for the breakup of ATT, the AMPS technology was distributed to local telcos. The first commercial system opened in Chicago in October 1983. A system designed by Motorola also operated in the Washington D.C./Baltimore area from summer 1982 and became a full public service later the following year. Japan's first commercial radiotelephony service was launched by
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dropped. Both problems were solved by Bell Labs employee Amos Joel who, in 1970 applied for a patent for a mobile communications system. However, a business consulting firm calculated the entire U.S. market for mobile telephones at 100,000 units and the entire worldwide market at no more than 200,000 units based on the ready availability of pay telephones and the high cost of constructing cell towers. As a consequence, Bell Labs concluded that the invention was "of little or no consequence," leading it not to attempt to commercialize the invention. The invention earned Joel induction into the
National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2008.
293:
316:, United States in 1946 whilst other countries followed in the succeeding decades. The UK introduced its 'System 1' manual radiotelephone service as the South Lancashire Radiophone Service in 1958. Calls were made via an operator using handsets identical to ordinary phone handsets. The phone itself was a large box located in the boot (trunk) of the vehicle containing valves and other early electronic components. Although an uprated manual service ('System 3') was extended to cover most of the UK, automation did not arrive until 1981 with 'System 4'. Although this non-cellular service, based on German
623:(for example, in a road tunnel), when the signal is re-established, the phone sends out a 're-connect' signal to the nearest cell-tower, identifying itself and signalling that it is again ready to transmit. With the proper equipment, it is possible to intercept the re-connect signal and encode the data it contains into a 'blank' phone—in all respects, the 'blank' is then an exact duplicate of the real phone and any calls made on the 'clone' will be charged to the original account. This problem was widespread with the first generation analogue technology, however the modern digital standards such as
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the AeroMobile system to be used on
Emirates. Passengers were able to make and receive voice calls as well as use text messaging. The system automatically came into operation as the Airbus A340-300 reached cruise altitude. Passengers wanting to use the service received a text message welcoming them to the AeroMobile system when they first switched their phones on. The approval by EASA has established that GSM phones are safe to use on airplanes, as the AeroMobile system does not require the modification of aircraft components deemed "sensitive," nor does it require the use of modified phones.
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886:, warned about the radiation from mobile phones. He stated that there was no definitive proof of the link between mobile phones and brain tumors but there was enough studies that mobile phone usage should be reduced as a precaution. To reduce the amount of radiation being absorbed hands free devices can be used or texting could supplement calls. Calls could also be shortened or limit mobile phone usage in rural areas. Radiation is found to be higher in areas that are located away from mobile phone towers.
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590:("Conférence Européenne des Postes et Telecommunications", European Postal and Telecommunications conference). The Franco-German R&D cooperation demonstrated the technical feasibility, and in 1987 a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between 13 European countries who agreed to launch a commercial service by 1991. The first version of the GSM (=2G) standard had 6,000 pages. The IEEE/RSE awarded to
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communications. Shut-off mobile phones do not interfere with aircraft avionics. The recommendation why phones should not be used during take-off and landing, even on planes that allow calls or messaging, is so that passengers pay attention to the crew for any possible accident situations, as most aircraft accidents happen on take-off and landing.
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traffic will reach by 10 billion connections with 94% traffic comes from smartphones, laptops and tablets. Also 69% of mobile traffic will be from videos since we have high definition screens available in smart phones and 176.9 wearable devices to be at use. Apparently, 4G will be dominating the traffic by 51% of total mobile data by 2018.
704:. Many remote regions in the third world went from having no telecommunications infrastructure to having satellite based communications systems. At present, Africa has the largest growth rate of cellular subscribers in the world, its markets expanding nearly twice as fast as Asian markets. The availability of
958:), offering text messaging via e-mail in Japan, South Korea, China, and India. Most mobile internet access is much different from computer access, featuring alerts, weather data, e-mail, search engines, instant messages, and game and music downloading; most mobile internet access is hurried and short.
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One disadvantage of the receiving party pays systems is that phone owners keep their phones turned off to avoid receiving unwanted calls, which results in the total voice usage rates (and profits) in
Calling Party Pays countries outperform those in Receiving Party Pays countries. To avoid the problem
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There are more than 500 million used mobile phones in the US sitting on shelves or in landfills, and it is estimated that over 125 million will be discarded this year alone. The problem is growing at a rate of more than two million phones per week, putting tons of toxic waste into landfills daily.
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In many markets from Japan and South Korea, to Europe, to
Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong, most children age 8-9 have mobile phones and the new accounts are now opened for customers aged 6 and 7. Where mostly parents tend to give hand-me-down used phones to their youngest children, in Japan
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system was launched in Sweden. The early efforts to develop mobile telephony faced two significant challenges: allowing a great number of callers to use the comparatively few available frequencies simultaneously and allowing users to seamlessly move from one area to another without having their calls
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a major cause in the collapse of bee populations, with controlled experiments demonstrating a rapid and catastrophic effect on individual hives near masts. Mobile phones were in fact not covered in the study, and the original researchers have since emphatically disavowed any connection between their
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There are over five hundred million active mobile phone accounts in China, as of 2007, but the total penetration rate there still stands below 50%. The total number of mobile phone subscribers in the world was estimated at 2.14 billion in 2005. The subscriber count reached 2.7 billion by end of 2006
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at 158 mobile subscriptions per 100 people, closely followed by
Lithuania and Italy. In Hong Kong the penetration rate reached 139.8% of the population in July 2007. Over 50 countries have mobile phone subscription penetration rates higher than that of the population and the Western European average
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In Hong Kong, Singapore, Canada, and the United States, it is common for the party receiving the call to be charged per minute, although a few carriers are beginning to offer unlimited received phone calls. This is called the "Receiving Party Pays" model. In China, it was reported that both of its
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On March 20, 2008, an
Emirates flight was the first time voice calls have been allowed in-flight on commercial airline flights. The breakthrough came after the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the United Arab Emirates-based General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) granted full approval for
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Driving while using a hands-free device is not safer than driving while using a hand-held phone, as concluded by case-crossover studies. epidemiological studies, simulation studies, and meta-analysis. Even with this information, California initiated new
Wireless Communications Device Law (effective
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A working group made up of
Finnish telephone companies, public transport operators and communications authorities has launched a campaign to remind mobile phone users of courtesy, especially when using mass transit—what to talk about on the phone, and how to. In particular, the campaign wants
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Law enforcement have used mobile phone evidence in a number of different ways. Evidence about the physical location of an individual at a given time can be obtained by triangulating the individual's cellphone between several cellphone towers. This triangulation technique can be used to show that an
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for their contributions to the first digital mobile telephone standard. In 2018, the GSM was used by over 5 billion people in over 220 countries. The GSM (2G) has evolved into 3G, 4G and 5G. The standardisation body for GSM started at the CEPT Working Group GSM (Group
Special Mobile) in 1982 under
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As of 2007, several airlines are experimenting with base station and antenna systems installed on the airplane, allowing low power, short-range connection of any phones aboard to remain connected to the aircraft's base station. Thus, they would not attempt connection to the ground base stations as
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Since the world is operating quickly to 3G and 4G networks, mobile traffic through video is heading high. It is expected that by the end of 2018, the global traffic will reach an annual rate of 190 exabytes/year. This is the result of people shifting to smartphones. It is predicted by 2018, mobile
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cellphones which must have the transmission antenna held inches from the user's skull are limited to a maximum transmission power of 0.6 watts ERP. Regardless of the potential biological effects, the reduced transmission range of modern handheld phones limits their usefulness in rural locations as
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was the first to propose a cellular radio telephone network. The primary innovation was the development of a network of small overlapping cell sites supported by a call switching infrastructure that tracks users as they move through a network and passes their calls from one site to another without
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Many US cities with subway transit systems underground are studying or have implemented mobile phone reception in their tunnels for their riders, and trains, particularly those involving long-distance services, often offer a "quiet carriage" where phone use is prohibited, much like the designated
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The use of mobile phones by people who are driving has become increasingly common, for example as part of their job, as in the case of delivery drivers who are calling a client, or socially as for commuters who are chatting with a friend. While many drivers have embraced the convenience of using
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is starting to be allowed with several airlines already offering the ability to use phones during flights. Mobile phone use during flights used to be prohibited and many airlines still claim in their in-plane announcements that this prohibition is due to possible interference with aircraft radio
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Between the 1980s and the 2000s, the mobile phone has gone from being an expensive item used by the business elite to a pervasive, personal communications tool for the general population. In most countries, mobile phones outnumber land-line phones, with fixed landlines numbering 1.3 billion but
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that was charged with the specification and development tasks but latterly as the 'Global System for Mobile Communications'. The GSM standard eventually spread outside Europe and is now the most widely used cellular technology in the world and the de facto standard. The industry association, the
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18 studies have been conducted on the link between cell phones and brain cancer; A review of these studies found that cell phone use of 10 years or more "give a consistent pattern of an increased risk for acoustic neuroma and glioma". The tumors are found mostly on the side of the head that the
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created usage controls that meter service and can switch phones off, so that children could get some sleep. There have also been attempts to limit use by persons operating moving trains or automobiles, coaches when writing to potential players on their teams, and movie theater audiences. By one
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Since the introduction of mobile phones, concerns (both scientific and public) have been raised about the potential health impacts from regular use. But by 2008, American mobile phones transmitted and received more text messages than phone calls. Numerous studies have reported no significant
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into the use of evidence from mobile phone devices, prompting leading mobile telephone forensic specialists to identify forensic techniques available in this area. NIST have published guidelines and procedures for the preservation, acquisition, examination, analysis, and reporting of digital
893:, The British Association of Dermatologists is warning of a rash occurring on people's ears or cheeks caused by an allergic reaction from the nickel surface commonly found on mobile devices’ exteriors. There is also a theory it could even occur on the fingers if someone spends a lot of time
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Pay as you go (also known as "pre-pay" or "prepaid") accounts were invented simultaneously in Portugal and Italy and today form more than half of all mobile phone subscriptions. USA, Canada, Costa Rica, Japan, Israel and Finland are among the rare countries left where most phones are still
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has announced plans to allow limited mobile phone usage on some flights. However, in the past, commercial airlines have prevented the use of cell phones and laptops, due to the assertion that the frequencies emitted from these devices may disturb the radio waves contact of the airplane.
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research, mobile phones, and CCD, specifically indicating that the Independent article had misinterpreted their results and created "a horror story". While the initial claim of damage to bees was widely reported, the corrections to the story were almost non-existent in the media.
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of users keeping their phone turned off, most Receiving Party Pays countries have either switched to Calling Party Pays, or their carriers offer additional incentives such as a large number of monthly minutes at a sufficiently discounted rate to compensate for the inconvenience.
946:" sub-culture amongst younger users. In December 1993, the first person-to-person SMS text message was transmitted in Finland. Currently, texting is the most widely used data service; 1.8 billion users generated $ 80 billion of revenue in 2006 (source ITU). Many phones offer
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card in the corresponding mobile phone gave the first serious lead about the terrorists to investigators. By tracking the whereabouts of the SIM card and correlating other mobile phones that had been registered in those areas, police were able to locate the terrorists.
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according to Information, and 3.3 billion by November, 2007, thus reaching an equivalent of over half the planet's population. Around 80% of the world's population has access to mobile phone coverage, as of 2006. This figure is expected to increase to 90% by 2010.
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804:, as the radio signal of a cellphone attempting to connect to a base station can be detected by overflying rescue aircraft with special detection gear. Also, users in the United States can sign up through their provider for free text messages when an
539:, or switch, with its unique identifiers, and can then be alerted by the mobile switch when there is an incoming telephone call. The handset constantly listens for the strongest signal being received from the surrounding base stations, and is able to
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where bills are paid by regular intervals after the service has been consumed. It is increasingly common for a consumer to purchase a basic package and then bolt-on services and functionality to create a subscription customised to the users needs.
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have relatively low-power (often only one or two watts) radio transmitters which broadcast their presence and relay communications between the mobile handsets and the switch. The switch in turn connects the call to another subscriber of the same
1176:. There have been reports that warning lights on cellular masts, TV-towers and other high structures can attract and confuse birds. US authorities estimate that millions of birds are killed near communication towers in the country each year.
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already new cameraphones are on the market whose target age group is under 10 years of age, introduced by KDDI in February 2007. The USA also lags on this measure, as in the US so far, about half of all children have mobile phones. In many
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prohibiting the use of mobile phones, due to possible safety issues. However, it is unlikely that mobile phone use can cause any problems, and in fact "petrol station employees have themselves spread the rumour about alleged incidents."
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was established and all CEPT standardization activities were transferred to ETSI. Working Group GSM became Technical Committee GSM. In 1991, it became Technical Committee SMG (Special Mobile Group) when ETSI tasked the committee with UMTS
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has adopted. The technologies are grouped by generation. The first-generation systems started in 1979 with Japan, are all analog and include AMPS and NMT. Second-generation systems, started in 1991 in Finland, are all digital and include
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technology, was expanded rapidly throughout the UK between 1982 and 1985 and continued in operation for several years before finally closing in Scotland, it was overtaken by the introduction in January 1985 of two cellular systems - the
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during takeoff and landing. Simultaneously, airlines may offer phone services to their travelling passengers either as full voice and data services, or initially only as SMS text messaging and similar services. The Australian airline
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of 0.08% to those conversing on a cell phone, and after controlling for driving difficulty and time on task, the study concluded that cell phone drivers exhibited greater impairment than intoxicated drivers. Meta-analysis by The
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may allow the use of mobile phones immediately after landing on a domestic flight within the US, whereas they may state "not until the doors are open" on an international flight arriving in the Netherlands. In April 2007 the US
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The dialogue between the handset and the cell site is a stream of digital data that includes digitised audio (except for the first generation analog networks). The technology that achieves this depends on the system which the
1186:(CCD) which has reduced bee hive numbers by up to 75% in many areas, especially near cities in the US. The Independent newspaper cited a scientific study claiming it provided evidence for the theory that mobile phone masts
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were crucial to the police investigation. In particular, calls made on two mobile phones which were tracked from south of the Irish border to Omagh and back on the day of the bombing, were considered of vital importance.
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An increasing number of countries, particularly in Europe, now have more mobile phones than people. According to the figures from Eurostat, the European Union's in-house statistical office, Luxembourg had the highest
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In an effort to limit the potential harm from having a transmitter close to the user's body, the first fixed/mobile cellular phones that had a separate transmitter, vehicle-mounted antenna, and handset (known as
447:) technology. The advent of cellular technology encouraged European countries to co-operate in the development of a pan-European cellular technology to rival those of the US and Japan. This resulted in the
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Several companies offer to buy back and recycle mobile phones from users. In the United States many unwanted but working mobile phones are donated to women's shelters to allow emergency communication.
460:" (although some users have multiple subscriptions, or inactive subscriptions), which also makes the mobile phone the most widely spread technology and the most common electronic device in the world.
512:. These sites are usually mounted on a tower, pole or building, located throughout populated areas, then connected to a cabled communication network and switching system. The phones have a low-power
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An example of the way mobile phones and mobile networks have sometimes been perceived as a threat is the widely reported and later discredited claim that mobile phone masts are associated with the
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to communicate with a cell tower far outside of normal range, and a repeater to rebroadcast on a small short-range local antenna that allows any cellphone within a few meters to function properly.
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non-smoking carriage of the past. Most schools in the United States and Europe and Canada have prohibited mobile phones in the classroom, or in school in an effort to limit class disruptions.
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Public mobile phone systems were first introduced in the years after the Second World War and made use of technology developed before and during the conflict. The first system opened in
1263:. As mobile phone adoption rates increased, competition between operators meant that some decided not to charge for incoming calls in some markets (also called "calling party pays").
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On a numerical basis, India is the largest growth market, adding about 6 million mobile phones every month. It currently has a mobile subscriber base of 937.06 million mobile phones.
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notifies the company if the user is safe or in distress. In Finland rescue services suggest hikers carry mobile phones in case of emergency even when deep in the forests beyond
467:, was released in 1996, creating a new category of multi-use devices called smartphones. In 1999 the first mobile internet service was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan under the
1051:. Officials from these jurisdictions argue that using a mobile phone while driving is an impediment to vehicle operation that can increase the risk of road traffic accidents.
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Because mobile phones are often used publicly, social norms have been shown to play a major role in the usage of mobile phones. Furthermore, the mobile phone can be a fashion
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935:' households it has supplanted the land-line phone. Mobile phone usage is banned in some countries, such as North Korea and restricted in some other countries such as Burma.
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custom-decorated to reflect the owner's personality and may be a part of their self-identity. This aspect of the mobile telephony business is, in itself, an industry, e.g.
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Listening to Cell Phone Warnings: Researchers Working Overtime to Find Out If the Greatest Tool of Business is Causing Brian Cancer in Those Who Use it Constantly
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The Finnish government decided in 2005 that the fastest way to warn citizens of disasters was the mobile phone network. In Japan, mobile phone companies provide
562:, which includes the networks of other wireless carriers. Many of these sites are camouflaged to blend with existing environments, particularly in scenic areas.
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GSMA, now represents 219 countries and nearly 800 mobile network operators. There are now estimated to be over 5 billion phone subscriptions according to the "
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The European market adopted a calling party pays model throughout the GSM environment and soon various other GSM markets also started to emulate this model.
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Like all high structures, cellular antenna masts pose a hazard to low flying aircraft. Towers over a certain height or towers that are close to airports or
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individual's cellphone was at a certain location at a certain time. The concerns over terrorism and terrorist use of technology prompted an inquiry by the
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discussed developing a wireless phone in 1915, but were afraid that deployment of the technology could undermine its monopoly on wired service in the U.S.
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In any case, there are inconsistencies between practices allowed by different airlines and even on the same airline in different countries. For example,
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measure, nearly 40% of automobile drivers aged 16 to 30 years old text while driving, and by another, 40% of teenagers said they could text blindfolded.
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compared to car/bag phones, and handhelds require that cell towers are spaced much closer together to compensate for their lack of transmission power.
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started to work on this vision in 1966, and is considered as the father of the NMT system and some also consider him the father of the cellular phone.
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Mobile phone use can be an important matter of social discourtesy: phones ringing during funerals or weddings; in toilets, cinemas and theatres. Some
700:, mobile phone use has quadrupled in the last decade. The rise of mobile phone technology in developing countries is often cited as an example of the
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However, most mobile phone networks operate close to capacity during normal times, and spikes in call volumes caused by widespread emergencies often
412:(NMT) system, simultaneously launched in 1981 in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. NMT was the first mobile phone network featuring international
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higher than normal driving (i.e., an average driver, while talking on a cell phone, has response times of a driver in roughly the 40th percentile).
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that transmits voice and data to the nearest cell sites, normally not more than 8 to 13 km (approximately 5 to 8 miles) away. In areas of low
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finding that the number of utterances was usually higher for mobile calls when compared to blindfolded and non-blindfolded passengers, but the
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services, where the subscriber is not committed to a long-term contract, has helped fuel this growth in Africa as well as in other continents.
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relationship between mobile phone use and health, but the effect of mobile phone usage on health continues to be an area of public concern.
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Further example of criminal investigations using mobile phones is the initial location and ultimate identification of the terrorists of the
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crews can locate trapped or injured people using the signals from their mobile phones. An interactive menu accessible through the phone's
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905:, Rhode Island, and his colleagues tested 22 popular handsets from eight different manufacturers and found nickel on 10 of the devices.
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their cellphone while driving, some jurisdictions have made the practice against the law, such as Australia, the Canadian provinces of
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Given the high levels of societal mobile phone service penetration, it is a key means for people to communicate with each other. The
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as well as the United Kingdom, consisting of a zero-tolerance system operated in Scotland and a warning system operated in England,
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Some cellular antenna towers have been camouflaged to make them less obvious on the horizon, and make them look more like a tree.
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service. By 2007 over 798 million people around the world accessed the internet or equivalent mobile internet services such as
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Burger, Christoph; Riemer, Valentin; Grafeneder, Jürgen; Woisetschläger, Bianca; Vidovic, Dragana; Hergovich, Andreas (2010).
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767:. In the attacks, mobile phones had been used to detonate the bombs. However, one of the bombs failed to detonate, and the
233:). Telephony is supposed to specifically point to a voice-only service or connection, though sometimes the line may blur.
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3228:, vol. 309, no. 11 (4 November 2019), pp. 27–30. The multifarious abuses perpetrated by individuals, organizations,
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model where conversation time is purchased and added to a phone unit via an Internet account or in shops or ATMs, or the
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meta-analysis concluding that passenger conversations were just as costly to driving performance as cell phone ones.
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The nature of cellular technology renders many phones vulnerable to 'cloning': anytime a cell phone moves out of
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Visited and evaluated by a group of (soon-to-be) British Telecoms staff (including writer) in September 1982.
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1058:(RR). Two separate studies using case-crossover analysis each calculated RR at 4, while an epidemiological
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Mobile Phones and Service Stations: Rumour, Risk and Precaution, by Adam Burgess (2007) Diogenes 213 54: 1
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prohibit their use, so that other patrons will not be disturbed by conversations. Some facilities install
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2683:"Role of mobile phones in motor vehicle crashes resulting in hospital attendance: a case-crossover study"
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McEvoy, Suzanne; Stevenson, MR; McCartt, AT; Woodward, M; Haworth, C; Palamara, P; Cercarelli, R (2005).
2527:"Reaching the Mobile Respondent: Determinants of High-Level Mobile Phone Use Among a High-Coverage Group"
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Booth presenting the first Dutch vehicle or watercraft telephone ("Mobilofoon"), a collaboration of the
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In the UK in 2000 it was claimed that recordings of mobile phone conversations made on the day of the
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charged for all air time consumed by the mobile phone user, which included both outbound and inbound
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just when it is needed the most. Examples reported in the media where this has occurred include the
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2405:"The BBC. "US Cancer Boss in Mobiles Warning." BBC News 24 July 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2008"
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found that response time while using both hands-free and hand-held phones was approximately 0.5
5957:
5743:
5558:
5503:
5498:
5311:
5276:
5100:
4212:
4061:
3790:
3775:
3740:
3416:
3265:
3151:
2568:
1707:
1464:
1300:
1141:
In a similar vein, signs are put up in many countries, such as Canada, the UK and the U.S., at
1095:
1079:
1000:
to prevent their use, although in many countries, including the US, such equipment is illegal.
870:
75:
2809:"Effects of Cellular Telephones on Driving Behaviour and Crash Risk: Results of Meta-Analysis"
1742:
5859:
5663:
5628:
5548:
5528:
5450:
5338:
5259:
5038:
4965:
4391:
4104:
4008:
3922:
3569:
3547:
3328:
3118:
2733:
Laberge-Nadeau, Claire (September 2003). "Wireless telephones and the risk of road crashes".
2215:
1256:
1235:
1070:
939:
567:
427:
telecommunications towards the end of the 20th century, primarily due to the introduction of
394:
5192:
2843:"Examining the Impact of Cell Phone Conversations on Driving Using Meta-Analytic Techniques"
2470:
2444:" National Research Center for Women and Families. August 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2013. /
2052:
1638:
1545:"iSurrender: Apple's new iPhone augurs the inevitable return of the Bell telephone monopoly"
5773:
5733:
5703:
5460:
5395:
5217:
5043:
5028:
5018:
4244:
4239:
4026:
3491:
3392:
3318:
2947:
1231:
816:
709:
488:
370:
1117:
is the first airline to run a test aeroplane in this configuration in the autumn of 2007.
8:
5783:
5723:
5482:
5444:
5242:
5227:
5033:
5023:
3915:
3835:
3683:
3345:
2908:"Text Messaging Law Effective January 1, 2009 Cellular Phone Laws Effective July 1, 2008"
2360:
2247:
1204:
1083:
997:
918:
738:
540:
417:
313:
752:
information present on mobile phones can be found under the NIST Publication SP800-101.
6010:
5967:
5898:
5768:
5698:
5673:
5608:
5455:
5176:
3961:
3818:
3251:
frenzy might not be fundamentally always at odds with human flourishing." (p. 30.)
3044:
2972:
2873:
2707:
2682:
2653:
2549:
2365:
1118:
1066:
693:
475:
and i-Mode at least occasionally using a mobile phone rather than a personal computer.
464:
386:
2746:
2003:
1825:
1797:
6050:
5972:
5886:
5869:
5832:
5678:
5508:
5477:
5343:
5237:
5136:
4141:
4099:
3934:
3890:
3713:
3706:
3564:
3323:
2976:
2865:
2750:
2712:
2645:
1648:
1484:
Starting with EVDO the following techniques can also be used to improve performance:
1294:
1062:
found RR, when adjusted for crash-risk exposure, of 1.11 for men and 1.21 for women.
947:
828:
801:
793:
521:
444:
5718:
2657:
2553:
1896:
1689:
Article by Larry Kahaner and Alan Green in the Chicago Tribune of December 22, 1983
6055:
5995:
5962:
5891:
5849:
5763:
5618:
5603:
5578:
5553:
5513:
5363:
5222:
5207:
5050:
4945:
4822:
4264:
4194:
4036:
3981:
3847:
3813:
3723:
3658:
3459:
3313:
3296:
2964:
2877:
2857:
2742:
2702:
2694:
2637:
2541:
2203:
1921:
1508:
1448:
1155:
1048:
1028:
993:
898:
789:
547:" are performed to allow the device to switch sites without interrupting the call.
484:
390:
237:
151:
2387:
2237:, Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, May 2007.
2025:
1285:
apply to all calls received, regardless of the model adopted in the home country.
1160:
922:
Cellular phones allow people to communicate from almost anywhere at their leisure.
40:
5683:
5538:
5306:
5281:
5269:
4994:
3875:
3865:
3840:
3823:
3800:
3630:
3625:
3518:
2441:
2430:
2277:
1928:
1513:
1208:
1142:
1130:
846:, regardless of the presence of a SIM card or the payment status of the account.
812:
701:
249:
2698:
2641:
2404:
1008:
to impact loud mobile phone usage as well as calls regarding sensitive matters.
5881:
5753:
5728:
5688:
5658:
5533:
5368:
5321:
5296:
5254:
5085:
5080:
4909:
4526:
4215:
3857:
3830:
3808:
3542:
3219:
2861:
2773:"Fatal Distraction? A Comparison Of The Cell-Phone Driver And The Drunk Driver"
1458:
1260:
894:
697:
463:
The first mobile phone to enable internet connectivity and wireless email, the
345:' (from voice + data + phone) service. These cellular systems were based on US
230:
161:
2968:
611:
6241:
6030:
5803:
5793:
5708:
5598:
5593:
5583:
5568:
5390:
5249:
5090:
4163:
3971:
3620:
3584:
3535:
3523:
2545:
1055:
950:
services for simple, easy texting. Mobile phones have Internet service (e.g.
756:
32:
2207:
1941:
1668:
1270:
two operators will adopt the caller-pays approach as early as January 2007.
5908:
5748:
5693:
5623:
5588:
5523:
5422:
5412:
5264:
5065:
4812:
4796:
4429:
4003:
3966:
3900:
3610:
3501:
3288:
2915:
2869:
2754:
2716:
2623:"Association Between Cellular-Telephone Calls And Motor Vehicle Collisions"
1518:
1443:
1345:
1319:
1059:
943:
580:
529:
525:
241:
226:
147:
143:
84:
2950:"Regulating conversation during driving: a problem for mobile telephones?"
2948:
David Crundall; Manpreet Bains; Peter Chapman; Geoffrey Underwood (2005).
2649:
1768:
497:
Mobile phone subscriptions, not subscribers, per 100 inhabitants 1997-2007
6108:
5758:
5668:
5653:
5613:
5573:
5432:
4894:
4843:
4753:
4741:
3991:
3956:
3905:
3880:
3442:
3382:
3248:
3237:
3229:
3215:
3119:"Wireless: Case of the disappearing bees creates a buzz about cellphones"
1496:
1282:
1036:
805:
797:
591:
535:
When the mobile phone or data device is turned on, it registers with the
513:
342:
165:
115:
842:
Under FCC regulations, all mobile telephones must be capable of dialing
6113:
5820:
5518:
5427:
5383:
5353:
5331:
4079:
3895:
3870:
3767:
3678:
3635:
3574:
3244:
3224:
989:
951:
785:
4520:
3189:
3138:"Researchers: Often-cited study doesn't relate to bee colony collapse"
1138:
officially prohibited passengers' use of cell phones during a flight.
6098:
5563:
5378:
5145:
3615:
3377:
2358:
1640:
MOSFET Technologies for Double-Pole Four-Throw Radio-Frequency Switch
1217:
1212:
1169:
1021:
550:
506:
502:
365:
326:
253:
245:
222:
2524:
6093:
6083:
6000:
5825:
5648:
4873:
4777:
4676:
4599:
4566:
3986:
3758:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3241:
3233:
3024:
2359:
Steinhauser, Jennifer & Holson, Laura M. (September 19, 2008).
1544:
1402:
1377:
966:
424:
338:
334:
322:
2899:
2171:
792:
to their customers free of charge. In the event of an emergency,
6088:
6073:
5291:
5107:
4637:
4604:
4479:
4410:
4344:
4339:
4259:
3885:
3663:
3340:
2520:
2518:
1855:
1523:
1371:
1324:
1278:
890:
781:
615:
Mr Dupuis and Mr Haug during a GSM meeting in Belgium, April 1992
544:
440:
413:
330:
3257:
2957:
Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour
501:
Mobile phones receive and send radio signals with any number of
6118:
6078:
5400:
4816:
4687:
4587:
4329:
4269:
3998:
3718:
1393:
1365:
1114:
1032:
955:
666:
468:
317:
2680:
2515:
2330:
1230:
There are two principal ways to pay for mobile telephony: the
6103:
6040:
5348:
4904:
4889:
4852:
4839:
4758:
4736:
4542:
4334:
2778:. University of Utah Department of Psychology. Archived from
1875:"Duke of Cambridge Presents Maxwell Medals to GSM Developers"
1478:
1453:
1407:
1388:
1293:
The list below is a non-comprehensive attempt at listing the
1044:
962:
932:
509:
2621:
Redelmeier, Donald; Tibshirani, Robert (February 13, 1997).
1877:. IEEE United Kingdom and Ireland Section. September 1, 2018
6045:
5070:
4768:
4582:
4450:
4377:
3360:
2300:"New Japanese phones offer Earthquake early warning alerts"
1488:
1418:
1413:
1360:
1339:
1334:
661:
627:
greatly improve security and make cloning hard to achieve.
604:
586:
The GSM standard is a European initiative expressed at the
576:
559:
543:
between sites. As the user moves around the network, the "
4490:
4465:
4386:
4373:
4349:
4071:
3496:
2937:
videos about California cellular phone laws; with caption
2840:
2467:"Mobile Phones for Kids Under 15: a Responsible Question"
1329:
685:
penetration rate was 110% in 2007 (source Informa 2007).
624:
572:
448:
3057:"Communication Towers and the Fish and Wildlife Service"
869:
For example, at the request of some of their customers,
4868:
4791:
4561:
4363:
4284:
3469:
3464:
3454:
3437:
3432:
3421:
1922:
Office of the Telecommunications Authority in Hong Kong
1471:
1430:
1353:
1312:
1306:
405:
349:(AMPS) technology, the modified technology being named
265:
five billion mobile cellular subscriptions in the world
171:
157:
139:
121:
103:
80:
2914:. California, USA: State of California. Archived from
1704:"Mobile Phone History - Invention of the Mobile Phone"
992:, libraries, bathrooms, cinemas, doctors' offices and
3086:
Lean, Geoffrey; Shawcross, Harriet (April 15, 2007).
2771:
Strayer, David; Drews, Frank; Crouch, Dennis (2003).
2728:
2726:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2174:"Supplementary memorandum submitted by Gregory Smith"
927:
mobile subscriptions 3.3 billion at the end of 2007.
897:
on metal menu buttons. In 2008, Lionel Bercovitch of
260:(PSTN) to allow any phone in the world to be dialed.
2856:(1). Human Factors and Ergonomics Society: 196–205.
2841:
Horrey, William; Christopher Wickens (Spring 2006).
2620:
2429:
Rachel Lieberman, Brandel France de Bravo, MPH, and
1765:"Mobile and technology: The Basics of Mobile Phones"
1669:"30th Anniversary of First Wireless Cell Phone Call"
878:
mobile phone is in contact with. In July 2008, Dr.
2998:"Europe closer to allowing in-flight cellphone use"
2818:. CAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. Archived from
1978:"Up to 90 percent of globe to have mobile coverage"
1739:"Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology"
458:
List of countries by number of mobile phones in use
3176:Amy Gu, "Mainland mobile services to be cheaper",
2807:Jeffrey K. Caird; et al. (October 25, 2004).
2770:
2723:
2345:
1637:Srivastava, Viranjay M.; Singh, Ghanshyam (2013).
524:may be used, which uses a long-distance high-gain
1980:. Textually.org. October 17, 2006. Archived from
1623:List of National Inventors Hall of Fame inductees
669:trains in North America uses cellular technology.
6239:
3240:to muse whether "a technical complex born... of
2806:
1691:Reach out and touch someone--by land, sea or air
1069:Professor David Strayer compared drivers with a
2361:"Text Messages Seen as Dangerously Distracting"
2045:"Phone revolution makes Africa upwardly mobile"
1636:
4193:
2732:
2195:Ayers, Richard; Jansen, Wayne (May 30, 2007).
2135:
1164:Cellular antenna disguised to look like a tree
236:Modern mobile phones connect to a terrestrial
5161:
4179:
3273:
3135:
3085:
2616:
2614:
1851:"Global cellphone penetration reaches 50 pct"
808:goes out for a missing person in their area.
360:Use of an early mobile phone in Austria, 1964
199:
3116:
2394:. May 31, 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2008.
1845:
1843:
1632:
1630:
6176:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
2469:. Point.com. April 13, 2006. Archived from
2194:
2111:"The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India"
2075:"The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India"
302:Netherlands Postal, Telegraph and Telephone
256:. Both networks are interconnected to the
6212:
5168:
5154:
4186:
4172:
3280:
3266:
2766:
2764:
2611:
2454:Doctors warn of rash from mobile phone use
1964:"Total mobile subscribers top 1.8 billion"
1613:Patent No. 3,663,762, issued May 16, 1972.
206:
192:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2706:
2676:
2674:
1840:
1627:
969:sales amounted to $ 3.5 billion in 2005.
884:University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
727:
451:system, the initials originally from the
435:, driven by the development of low-cost,
27:Provision of telephone services to phones
3088:"Are mobile phones wiping out our bees?"
2941:
2802:
2800:
2456:Reuters.com. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
2172:The Committee Office, House of Commons.
1591:. Imagelibrary.btplc.com. Archived from
1565:. Imagelibrary.btplc.com. Archived from
1246:
1216:
1159:
1149:
917:
660:
610:
492:
355:
291:
39:
31:
2912:California Department of Motor Vehicles
2761:
1767:. Sharelie-download.com. Archived from
1315:networks (the first digital networks):
14:
6240:
5175:
5056:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
3021:"FCC Says No To Cell Phones On Planes"
2829:
2671:
2606:campaign to promote cell phone manners
2566:
1942:"500 mln cell phone accounts in China"
1701:
913:
369:dropping the connection. In 1956, the
5149:
4167:
3261:
3018:
2797:
1645:Springer Science & Business Media
1295:technologies used in mobile telephony
393:led to the development of affordable
6222:
5014:Spectral efficiency comparison table
3170:
2324:
2197:"Guidelines on Cell Phone Forensics"
2042:
1915:
1863:from the original on April 26, 2023.
1288:
1054:Studies have found vastly different
849:
775:
639:) were limited to a maximum 3 watts
229:rather than fixed-location phones (
2630:The New England Journal of Medicine
2493:"Rise in executions for mobile use"
1741:. Tekniskamuseet.se. Archived from
478:
281:History of the prepaid mobile phone
263:In 2010 there were estimated to be
24:
4110:USA use restrictions while driving
4085:Legality of recording by civilians
3209:
2905:
2735:Accident Analysis & Prevention
2248:"Mobile phones key to Omagh probe"
2004:"Cell phone use booming worldwide"
1897:"Europeans hang up on fixed lines"
1542:
1225:
1101:
908:
732:
696:with little "landline" telephone
416:. The Swedish electrical engineer
306:Amsterdam International Motor Show
287:American Telephone & Telegraph
25:
6264:
3287:
3201:REGULATORY AND MARKET ENVIRONMENT
3152:"Study: Cell Phone Waste Harmful"
2026:"Mobile growth fastest in Africa"
1589:"Asset Bank | Image Details"
1563:"Asset Bank | Image Details"
1205:GSM services § Voice charges
1136:Federal Communications Commission
1011:
861:Mobile phone radiation and health
351:Total Access Communication System
258:public switched telephone network
6221:
6211:
6202:
6201:
6190:
5811:Free-space optical communication
5130:
5119:
4205:List of mobile phone generations
4147:
4146:
4135:
4123:
3136:Chloe Johnson (April 22, 2007).
2567:Aquino, Grace (April 28, 2006).
2435:Can Cell Phones Harm Our Health?
1706:. Ideafinder.com. Archived from
1198:
1018:Mobile phones and driving safety
675:List of mobile network operators
3194:
3183:
3158:. Associated Press. May 7, 2002
3144:
3129:
3117:Eric Sylvers (April 22, 2007).
3110:
3079:
3049:
3038:
3012:
2990:
2930:
2599:
2586:
2560:
2499:. June 15, 2007. Archived from
2485:
2459:
2447:
2423:
2397:
2380:
2318:
2292:
2276:. Nokia-n98.org. Archived from
2266:
2240:
2188:
2165:
2103:
2067:
2036:
2018:
1996:
1970:
1956:
1934:
1889:
1867:
1814:
1783:
1757:
1731:
1722:
1076:Canadian Automobile Association
854:
656:
603:the umbrella of CEPT. In 1988,
44:Mobile telephone antennas tower
3061:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
2534:Social Science Computer Review
1824:. Gsmworld.com. Archived from
1695:
1683:
1661:
1616:
1607:
1581:
1555:
1536:
1253:early days of mobile telephony
1172:are normally required to have
837:2007 Minnesota bridge collapse
13:
1:
3236:and mobile telephony, prompt
3232:, and governments, using the
3180:, December 18, 2006, Page A1.
2747:10.1016/S0001-4575(02)00043-X
2594:"Mastertones ring up profits"
1529:
1283:international roaming tariffs
749:Home Affairs Select Committee
682:mobile phone penetration rate
347:Advanced Mobile Phone Service
285:According to internal memos,
61:Wireless network technologies
6197:Telecommunication portal
5978:Telecommunications equipment
5126:Telecommunication portal
4130:Telecommunication portal
3218:, "The Confidence Game: How
3123:International Herald Tribune
3019:Clark, Amy (April 3, 2007).
3000:. Engadget. October 18, 2007
2327:"Cellular Phones and Cancer"
2176:. Publications.parliament.uk
1065:A simulation study from the
977:
971:Mobile phone use on aircraft
665:This Railfone found on some
437:very large-scale integration
423:There was a rapid growth of
7:
5714:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2699:10.1136/bmj.38537.397512.55
2642:10.1056/NEJM199702133360701
2043:Rice, Xan (March 4, 2006).
1502:
1309:networks (analog networks)
1221:Mobile phone shop in Uganda
844:emergency telephone numbers
298:Royal Dutch Automobile Club
10:
6269:
5418:Telecommunications history
4623:CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0
4052:Phantom vibration syndrome
4047:Mental health from overuse
2862:10.1518/001872006776412135
2440:February 24, 2015, at the
1822:"Full Members ~ GSM World"
1202:
1153:
1105:
1015:
981:
858:
833:2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake
817:September 11, 2001 attacks
765:2004 Madrid train bombings
736:
718:
672:
505:base stations fitted with
482:
404:The first fully automatic
274:
270:
6248:Mobile telecommunications
6185:
6127:
6064:
6026:Public Switched Telephone
5986:
5950:
5907:
5848:
5838:telecommunication circuit
5799:Fiber-optic communication
5782:
5544:Francis Blake (telephone)
5491:
5339:Optical telecommunication
5183:
5116:
4938:
4918:
4882:
4867:
4832:
4805:
4790:
4767:
4726:
4697:
4647:
4636:
4615:
4575:
4560:
4535:
4513:
4505:EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE
4489:
4478:
4438:
4430:D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136)
4419:
4400:
4372:
4362:
4317:
4293:
4283:
4211:
4202:
4118:
4070:
4017:
3947:
3856:
3799:
3766:
3753:
3731:Open-source mobile phones
3692:
3644:
3594:
3583:
3482:
3401:
3309:
3295:
2969:10.1016/j.trf.2005.01.003
2569:"Cell Phone Fashion Show"
1543:Wu, Tim (June 10, 2008).
1303:(mobile radio telephone)
1108:Mobile phones on aircraft
1041:Newfoundland and Labrador
825:2005 London Tube bombings
600:James Clerk Maxwell medal
556:wireless service provider
537:mobile telephone exchange
429:digital signal processing
379:metal–oxide–semiconductor
182:Mobile telecommunications
5937:Orbital angular-momentum
5374:Satellite communications
5213:Communications satellite
3178:South China Morning Post
2546:10.1177/0894439309353099
1791:"Facts about the Mobile"
1184:Colony Collapse Disorder
1092:University of Nottingham
998:signal-jamming equipment
821:2003 Northeast blackouts
746:British House of Commons
651:
641:Effective Radiated Power
560:public telephone network
408:cellular system was the
333:' service and the Racal/
277:History of mobile phones
5816:Molecular communication
5639:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
5468:Undersea telegraph line
5203:Cable protection system
4961:Comparison of standards
4600:UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA
4095:Photography and the law
4090:Mobile phones in prison
2596:, USA Today, 11/29/2006
2208:10.6028/NIST.SP.800-101
433:wireless communications
410:Nordic Mobile Telephone
383:large-scale integration
5958:Communication protocol
5744:Charles Sumner Tainter
5559:Walter Houser Brattain
5504:Edwin Howard Armstrong
5312:Information revolution
4966:Channel access methods
4605:UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA
3247:and mainstreamed in a
2274:"Communication safety"
2223:Cite journal requires
1944:. ITFacts Mobile usage
1927:March 9, 2009, at the
1467:(never commercialized)
1465:Ultra Mobile Broadband
1461:(WirelessMAN-Advanced)
1277:Note that when a user
1222:
1165:
1096:University of Illinois
1080:University of Illinois
923:
782:immediate notification
728:By government agencies
670:
616:
498:
361:
309:
45:
37:
5932:Polarization-division
5664:Narinder Singh Kapany
5629:Erna Schneider Hoover
5549:Jagadish Chandra Bose
5529:Alexander Graham Bell
5260:online video platform
5137:Telephones portal
4245:MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD
4142:Telephones portal
4105:Texting while driving
4042:External power supply
3741:Windows Phone devices
2825:on February 16, 2008.
2143:"Mobile Network 2018"
1247:Incoming call charges
1220:
1163:
1150:Environmental impacts
1071:blood alcohol content
942:feature spawned the "
921:
664:
614:
568:mobile phone operator
496:
453:Groupe Spécial Mobile
395:mobile communications
359:
295:
43:
35:
5774:Vladimir K. Zworykin
5734:Almon Brown Strowger
5704:Charles Grafton Page
5359:Prepaid mobile phone
5287:Electrical telegraph
4754:iBurst (IEEE 802.20)
4527:CDMA2000 1X Advanced
4057:Radiation and health
3373:Standards comparison
3222:broke the economy",
3094:. UK. Archived from
2887:on February 25, 2009
2667:on January 18, 2009.
2325:Campbell, Jonathan.
2280:on December 24, 2008
2087:on February 25, 2009
2051:. UK. Archived from
2006:. September 15, 2007
1281:in another country,
1257:operators (carriers)
984:Cell Phone Etiquette
694:developing countries
489:Cellular frequencies
252:connect to orbiting
221:is the provision of
6253:American inventions
5724:Johann Philipp Reis
5483:Wireless revolution
5445:The Telephone Cases
5302:Hydraulic telegraph
4640:(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)
4482:(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G)
4250:Mobile TeleSeratout
2333:on January 20, 1998
2306:on January 21, 2008
2123:on February 8, 2015
2055:on October 13, 2008
1903:. November 28, 2007
1745:on October 22, 2008
1084:standard deviations
914:Culture and customs
813:overload the system
739:Lawful interception
391:cellular networking
377:The development of
314:St. Louis, Missouri
5922:Frequency-division
5899:Telephone exchange
5769:Charles Wheatstone
5699:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
5674:Innocenzo Manzetti
5609:Reginald Fessenden
5344:Optical telegraphy
5177:Telecommunications
5128:
4714:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)
4708:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)
4706:1xEV-DO Revision A
3140:. Foster's Online.
2503:on August 17, 2007
2386:Hamilton, Tyler. "
2366:The New York Times
2254:. October 10, 2000
1803:on August 13, 2010
1223:
1166:
1067:University of Utah
924:
882:, director of the
671:
617:
499:
465:Nokia Communicator
387:information theory
385:(LSI) technology,
362:
310:
304:(PTT) at the 1948
223:telephone services
46:
38:
36:Mobile phone tower
6235:
6234:
5973:Store and forward
5968:Data transmission
5882:Network switching
5833:Transmission line
5679:Guglielmo Marconi
5644:Internet pioneers
5509:Mohamed M. Atalla
5478:Whistled language
5143:
5142:
4946:Cellular networks
4934:
4933:
4863:
4862:
4786:
4785:
4632:
4631:
4588:UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA
4556:
4555:
4523:(TIA/EIA/IS-2000)
4474:
4473:
4358:
4357:
4161:
4160:
4100:Telephone tapping
3943:
3942:
3891:Instant messaging
3749:
3748:
3478:
3477:
3067:on August 5, 2007
2986:on June 16, 2007.
2918:on August 7, 2013
2785:on April 11, 2009
2592:Gundersen, Edna,
2153:on April 29, 2015
1289:Technologies used
994:places of worship
948:Instant Messenger
850:Impact on society
829:Hurricane Katrina
802:cellular coverage
794:disaster response
790:natural disasters
776:Disaster response
541:switch seamlessly
522:cellular repeater
445:complementary MOS
443:(radio-frequency
216:
215:
16:(Redirected from
6260:
6225:
6224:
6215:
6214:
6205:
6204:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6066:Notable networks
6056:Wireless network
5996:Cellular network
5988:Types of network
5963:Computer network
5850:Network topology
5764:Thomas A. Watson
5619:Oliver Heaviside
5604:Philo Farnsworth
5579:Daniel Davis Jr.
5554:Charles Bourseul
5514:John Logie Baird
5223:Data compression
5218:Computer network
5170:
5163:
5156:
5147:
5146:
5135:
5134:
5133:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5051:Mobile broadband
4951:Mobile telephony
4939:Related articles
4880:
4879:
4823:LTE Advanced Pro
4803:
4802:
4718:EV-DO Revision C
4712:EV-DO Revision B
4645:
4644:
4573:
4572:
4487:
4486:
4370:
4369:
4291:
4290:
4216:radio telephones
4195:Cellular network
4188:
4181:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4150:
4149:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4037:Electronic waste
4027:BlackBerry thumb
3977:Japanese culture
3764:
3763:
3724:iOS jailbreaking
3592:
3591:
3514:Operating system
3329:Network operator
3314:Channel capacity
3307:
3306:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3203:
3198:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3063:. Archived from
3053:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2979:. Archived from
2954:
2945:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2906:Domain, Public.
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2880:. Archived from
2847:
2838:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2777:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2660:. Archived from
2627:
2618:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2473:on July 15, 2011
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2356:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2329:. Archived from
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2302:. Archived from
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2211:
2201:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2149:. Archived from
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2116:. Archived from
2115:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2086:
2080:. Archived from
2079:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2032:. March 9, 2005.
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1984:on July 16, 2011
1974:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1938:
1932:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1828:on July 11, 2011
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1796:. Archived from
1795:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1771:on July 16, 2011
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1710:on July 13, 2011
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1634:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1540:
1509:Cellular network
1449:LTE Advanced Pro
1410:(air interface)
1380:(air interface)
1243:contract-based.
1156:Electronic waste
1049:Northern Ireland
1029:British Columbia
899:Brown University
880:Ronald Herberman
798:Internet browser
485:Cellular network
479:Cellular systems
406:first generation
300:(KNAC), and the
250:satellite phones
238:cellular network
219:Mobile telephony
208:
201:
194:
48:
47:
21:
18:Mobile Telephony
6268:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6238:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6191:
6189:
6181:
6123:
6060:
5982:
5946:
5903:
5852:
5844:
5785:
5778:
5684:Robert Metcalfe
5539:Tim Berners-Lee
5487:
5307:Information Age
5179:
5174:
5144:
5139:
5131:
5129:
5120:
5118:
5112:
5019:Frequency bands
4930:
4914:
4872:
4859:
4828:
4795:
4782:
4763:
4722:
4693:
4639:
4638:3G transitional
4628:
4611:
4565:
4552:
4531:
4509:
4481:
4480:2G transitional
4470:
4434:
4415:
4411:cdmaOne (IS-95)
4396:
4354:
4313:
4279:
4207:
4198:
4192:
4162:
4157:
4136:
4134:
4124:
4122:
4114:
4066:
4019:
4013:
3939:
3852:
3795:
3791:Cloud computing
3757:
3755:
3745:
3736:Symbian devices
3702:Android devices
3688:
3640:
3631:Satellite phone
3626:Projector phone
3586:
3579:
3484:
3474:
3397:
3302:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3255:
3212:
3210:Further reading
3207:
3206:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3184:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3134:
3130:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3098:on July 6, 2008
3092:The Independent
3084:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2983:
2952:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2931:
2921:
2919:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2845:
2839:
2830:
2822:
2811:
2805:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2731:
2724:
2679:
2672:
2664:
2625:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2565:
2561:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2442:Wayback Machine
2431:Diana Zuckerman
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2411:. July 24, 2008
2403:
2402:
2398:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2357:
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2336:
2334:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2199:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2147:www.Phoneam.com
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2041:
2037:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1929:Wayback Machine
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1849:
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1815:
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1800:
1793:
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1662:
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1635:
1628:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1514:Mobile Internet
1505:
1374:(air interface)
1368:(air interface)
1291:
1261:telephone calls
1249:
1232:'pay-as-you-go'
1228:
1226:Payment methods
1215:
1209:Mobile Internet
1201:
1158:
1152:
1143:petrol stations
1131:Delta Air Lines
1110:
1104:
1102:Use on aircraft
1024:
1016:Main articles:
1014:
986:
980:
916:
911:
909:Human behaviour
863:
857:
852:
778:
741:
735:
733:Law enforcement
730:
721:
710:'pay-as-you-go'
702:leapfrog effect
677:
659:
654:
596:Philippe Dupuis
491:
483:Main articles:
481:
323:British Telecom
283:
275:Main articles:
273:
231:landline phones
212:
176:
90:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6266:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6233:
6232:
6230:
6229:
6219:
6209:
6199:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6151:
6150:
6145:
6137:
6131:
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6124:
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6121:
6116:
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6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
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6081:
6076:
6070:
6068:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5992:
5990:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5917:Space-division
5913:
5911:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5867:
5862:
5856:
5854:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5796:
5790:
5788:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5754:Camille Tissot
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5729:Claude Shannon
5726:
5721:
5719:Tivadar Puskás
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5689:Antonio Meucci
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5659:Charles K. Kao
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5634:Harold Hopkins
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5534:Emile Berliner
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5473:Videotelephony
5470:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5448:
5441:
5436:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5376:
5371:
5369:Radiotelephone
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5255:Internet video
5247:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5189:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5173:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5150:
5141:
5140:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5016:
5011:
5010:
5009:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4886:
4884:
4877:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4850:
4836:
4834:
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4829:
4827:
4826:
4820:
4809:
4807:
4800:
4788:
4787:
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4780:
4774:
4772:
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4756:
4751:
4746:
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4733:
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4720:
4715:
4709:
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4699:
4695:
4694:
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4691:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4669:
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4667:
4662:
4651:
4649:
4642:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4579:
4577:
4570:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
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4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4496:
4494:
4484:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4367:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4288:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4260:Autotel (PALM)
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4191:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4144:
4132:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4032:Driving safety
4029:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
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3920:
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3918:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3862:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3761:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3716:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3698:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3595:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3543:Text messaging
3540:
3539:
3538:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3407:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3220:Silicon Valley
3211:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3193:
3182:
3169:
3143:
3128:
3109:
3078:
3048:
3037:
3011:
2989:
2963:(3): 197–211.
2940:
2929:
2898:
2828:
2796:
2760:
2741:(5): 649–660.
2722:
2670:
2636:(7): 453–458.
2610:
2598:
2585:
2559:
2540:(3): 336–349.
2514:
2484:
2458:
2446:
2422:
2396:
2379:
2344:
2317:
2291:
2265:
2239:
2235:(1.44 MB)
2225:|journal=
2187:
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2017:
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1606:
1595:on May 6, 2016
1580:
1569:on May 6, 2016
1554:
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1459:WiMAX-Advanced
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1245:
1236:contract model
1227:
1224:
1200:
1197:
1174:warning lights
1151:
1148:
1106:Main article:
1103:
1100:
1056:relative risks
1013:
1012:Use by drivers
1010:
982:Main article:
979:
976:
915:
912:
910:
907:
895:text messaging
859:Main article:
856:
853:
851:
848:
777:
774:
737:Main article:
734:
731:
729:
726:
720:
717:
698:infrastructure
658:
655:
653:
650:
480:
477:
418:Östen Mäkitalo
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6002:
5999:
5997:
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5991:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5943:
5942:Code-division
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5927:Time-division
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:and switching
5851:
5847:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5831:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5805:
5804:optical fiber
5802:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5794:Coaxial cable
5792:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5781:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5709:Radia Perlman
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5599:Lee de Forest
5597:
5595:
5594:Thomas Edison
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5584:Donald Davies
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5569:Claude Chappe
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5490:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5413:Smoke signals
5411:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5391:Semiconductor
5389:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5250:Digital media
5248:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5171:
5166:
5164:
5159:
5157:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5138:
5127:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5101:Wi-Fi Calling
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5061:NGMN Alliance
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4973:
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4967:
4964:
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4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
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4937:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4870:
4866:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4838:
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4835:
4831:
4824:
4821:
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4814:
4811:
4810:
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4801:
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4755:
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4735:
4734:
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4725:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4689:
4685:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4670:
4666:
4663:
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4657:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
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4635:
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4606:
4603:
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4522:
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4512:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4477:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:AMPS - N-AMPS
4302:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4189:
4184:
4182:
4177:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4154:
4145:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3752:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:BlackBerry 10
3712:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3621:Feature phone
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3600:Manufacturers
3597:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3536:airplane mode
3534:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3524:phone cloning
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3290:
3289:Mobile phones
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3173:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3071:September 26,
3066:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3045:
3041:
3026:
3022:
3015:
2999:
2993:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2938:
2933:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2850:Human Factors
2844:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2801:
2781:
2774:
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1199:Tariff models
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242:base stations
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227:mobile phones
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59:
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50:
49:
42:
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30:
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6015:
5909:Multiplexing
5784:Transmission
5749:Nikola Tesla
5739:Henry Sutton
5694:Samuel Morse
5624:Robert Hooke
5589:Amos Dolbear
5524:John Bardeen
5443:
5423:Telautograph
5327:Mobile phone
5282:Edholm's law
5265:social media
5198:Broadcasting
5066:Push-to-talk
4950:
4844:IEEE 802.16m
4813:LTE Advanced
4797:IMT Advanced
4742:IEEE 802.16e
4737:Mobile WiMAX
4698:3GPP2 family
4625:(TIA/IS-856)
4616:3GPP2 family
4514:3GPP2 family
4493:/3GPP family
4309:TACS - ETACS
3957:Box breaking
3928:address book
3781:Distribution
3646:Form factors
3611:Camera phone
3598:
3575:Web browsing
3530:
3426:
3410:
3254:
3230:corporations
3223:
3216:Chen, Adrian
3196:
3185:
3177:
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3155:
3146:
3131:
3122:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3096:the original
3091:
3081:
3069:. Retrieved
3065:the original
3051:
3040:
3028:. Retrieved
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2992:
2981:the original
2960:
2956:
2943:
2932:
2920:. Retrieved
2916:the original
2911:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2882:the original
2853:
2849:
2820:the original
2815:
2787:. Retrieved
2780:the original
2738:
2734:
2690:
2686:
2662:the original
2633:
2629:
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2588:
2576:. Retrieved
2572:
2562:
2537:
2533:
2505:. Retrieved
2501:the original
2496:
2487:
2475:. Retrieved
2471:the original
2461:
2449:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2408:
2399:
2392:Toronto Star
2391:
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2364:
2335:. Retrieved
2331:the original
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2304:the original
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:the original
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2251:
2242:
2216:cite journal
2190:
2178:. Retrieved
2167:
2157:September 8,
2155:. Retrieved
2151:the original
2146:
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2118:the original
2105:
2089:. Retrieved
2082:the original
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2053:the original
2048:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1982:the original
1972:
1958:
1948:September 5,
1946:. Retrieved
1936:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1900:
1891:
1881:December 10,
1879:. Retrieved
1869:
1854:
1830:. Retrieved
1826:the original
1816:
1805:. Retrieved
1798:the original
1785:
1773:. Retrieved
1769:the original
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1743:the original
1733:
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1708:the original
1702:Phil Ament.
1697:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1663:
1639:
1618:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1567:the original
1557:
1548:
1538:
1519:Mobile phone
1483:
1470:
1444:LTE Advanced
1429:
1352:
1346:Evolved EDGE
1320:Digital AMPS
1311:
1305:
1299:
1292:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1250:
1241:
1229:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1167:
1140:
1128:
1124:
1111:
1088:
1064:
1060:cohort study
1053:
1025:
1006:
1002:
987:
960:
937:
933:young adults
929:
925:
888:
876:
868:
864:
855:Human health
841:
810:
779:
762:
754:
742:
722:
714:
691:
687:
678:
657:By civilians
644:
636:
632:
629:
618:
585:
564:
549:
534:
530:yagi antenna
526:dish antenna
500:
462:
452:
422:
403:
376:
363:
311:
284:
262:
235:
218:
217:
181:
29:
6109:NPL network
5821:Radio waves
5759:Alfred Vail
5669:Hedy Lamarr
5654:Dawon Kahng
5614:Elisha Gray
5574:Yogen Dalal
5499:Nasir Ahmed
5433:Teleprinter
5297:Heliographs
4895:5G-Advanced
4883:3GPP family
4833:IEEE family
4825:(4.5G/4.9G)
4806:3GPP family
4648:3GPP family
4576:3GPP family
4521:CDMA2000 1X
4392:CSD - HSCSD
4018:Environment
3992:silent mode
3836:contactless
3819:advertising
3776:Development
3694:Smartphones
3403:Generations
3319:Frequencies
3249:free-market
3238:Adrian Chen
3030:December 9,
2608:(in finish)
2127:February 2,
2091:February 8,
1497:Beamforming
1037:Nova Scotia
1035:, Ontario,
806:AMBER Alert
786:earthquakes
592:Thomas Haug
514:transceiver
248:), whereas
6242:Categories
6155:Antarctica
6114:Toasternet
6036:Television
5519:Paul Baran
5451:Television
5435:(teletype)
5428:Telegraphy
5406:transistor
5384:Phryctoria
5354:Photophone
5332:Smartphone
5322:Mass media
4749:Flash-OFDM
4080:Carrier IQ
4020:and health
3935:Television
3786:Management
3679:Smartwatch
3636:Smartphone
3324:Multi-band
3245:militarism
3225:The Nation
2922:August 19,
2310:January 8,
1807:2011-07-11
1671:. 3g.co.uk
1530:References
1474:networks:
1433:networks:
1356:networks:
1203:See also:
1154:See also:
990:book shops
952:NTT DoCoMo
903:Providence
835:, and the
788:and other
673:See also:
637:bag phones
633:car phones
558:or to the
551:Cell sites
308:(AutoRAI).
254:satellites
246:cell sites
134:3.9G/3.95G
6139:Americas
6128:Locations
6099:Internet2
5860:Bandwidth
5564:Vint Cerf
5461:streaming
5439:Telephone
5379:Semaphore
5270:streaming
4849:WiMax 2.1
4704:CDMA2000
4197:standards
4062:Recycling
4009:Wallpaper
3987:Ringtones
3848:Ticketing
3824:campaigns
3814:Marketing
3616:Car phone
3531:Telephony
3485:operation
3378:Tethering
3303:protocols
2977:143502056
2816:Ama.ab.ca
2433:, Ph.D. "
2049:The Times
1213:flat rate
1170:heliports
1022:Handsfree
978:Etiquette
692:In some
643:. Modern
598:the 2018
507:microwave
503:cell site
401:in 1979.
366:Bell Labs
364:In 1947,
327:Securicor
6207:Category
6094:Internet
6084:CYCLADES
6001:Ethernet
5951:Concepts
5875:terminal
5826:wireless
5649:Bob Kahn
5492:Pioneers
5317:Internet
5208:Cable TV
4874:IMT-2020
4778:HiperMAN
4677:DC-HSDPA
4567:IMT-2000
4153:Category
3896:Learning
3876:Gambling
3866:Blogging
3841:donating
3831:Payments
3801:Commerce
3759:software
3756:specific
3606:3D phone
3570:Tracking
3519:Security
3502:services
3492:Features
3443:adoption
3411:Analogue
3393:XHTML-MP
3366:SIM lock
3356:dual SIM
3351:SIM card
3299:networks
3242:Cold War
3234:Internet
3190:OECD.org
3162:July 11,
3025:CBS News
3004:July 11,
2891:June 27,
2870:16696268
2789:June 27,
2755:12850065
2717:16012176
2658:23723296
2578:July 11,
2573:PC World
2554:61640965
2507:June 23,
2497:ITV News
2477:July 11,
2438:Archived
2415:July 11,
2409:BBC News
2337:March 2,
2284:July 11,
2258:July 11,
2252:BBC News
2180:July 11,
2030:BBC News
1988:July 11,
1925:Archived
1907:July 11,
1901:BBC News
1861:Archived
1832:July 11,
1775:July 11,
1749:July 29,
1714:July 11,
1675:July 11,
1599:July 11,
1573:July 11,
1503:See also
1440:(TD-LTE)
1403:CDMA2000
1378:TD-SCDMA
1342:(IMT-SC)
1119:Emirates
1078:and The
967:ringtone
645:handheld
621:coverage
545:handoffs
518:coverage
510:antennas
425:wireless
353:(TACS).
343:Vodafone
339:Barclays
335:Millicom
53:a series
51:Part of
6227:Commons
6217:Outline
6170:Oceania
6089:FidoNet
6074:ARPANET
5887:circuit
5456:digital
5185:History
5108:Osmocom
4956:History
4926:DECT-5G
4900:NR-IIoT
4345:DataTAC
4340:Mobitex
4004:Txt-spk
3949:Culture
3858:Content
3809:Banking
3707:rooting
3664:Phablet
3587:devices
3509:History
3483:General
3427:Digital
3341:Roaming
3102:May 12,
2878:3918855
2708:1188107
2650:9017937
2059:May 12,
1856:Reuters
1524:OpenBTS
1372:TD-CDMA
1325:cdmaOne
1279:roaming
1251:In the
944:texting
891:Reuters
871:Verizon
719:Traffic
706:prepaid
441:RF CMOS
439:(VLSI)
414:roaming
331:Cellnet
271:History
144:4G/4.5G
95:Digital
6165:Europe
6135:Africa
6119:Usenet
6079:BITNET
6016:Mobile
5892:packet
5401:MOSFET
5396:device
5193:Beacon
4910:NB-IoT
4876:(2021)
4871:(2018)
4817:E-UTRA
4799:(2013)
4794:(2009)
4771:family
4730:family
4688:E-UTRA
4569:(2001)
4564:(1998)
4423:family
4404:family
4380:family
4366:(1991)
4297:family
4287:(1979)
4270:B-Netz
4218:(1946)
4151:
3999:Selfie
3982:Novels
3972:Dating
3967:Comics
3962:Charms
3923:Social
3911:Search
3886:Health
3881:Gaming
3754:Mobile
3719:iPhone
3669:Slider
3585:Mobile
3346:Signal
3297:Mobile
2975:
2876:
2868:
2753:
2715:
2705:
2656:
2648:
2552:
2233:
2097:
1651:
1366:W-CDMA
1255:, the
1211:, and
1115:Qantas
1047:, and
1039:, and
1033:Quebec
956:i-mode
831:, the
823:, the
819:, the
667:Amtrak
469:i-Mode
381:(MOS)
318:B-Netz
67:Analog
55:on the
6148:South
6143:North
6104:JANET
6041:Telex
6031:Radio
5870:Nodes
5865:Links
5786:media
5364:Radio
5349:Pager
5277:Drums
5243:video
5238:image
5228:audio
5086:ViLTE
5081:VoLTE
5039:5G NR
4988:STDMA
4976:OFDMA
4919:Other
4905:LTE-M
4890:5G NR
4853:WiBro
4840:WiMAX
4759:WiBro
4672:HSPA+
4665:HSUPA
4660:HSDPA
4543:WiDEN
4536:Other
4439:Other
4402:3GPP2
4335:Hicap
4330:C-450
4318:Other
4235:Altai
3916:local
3901:Music
3871:Email
3674:Slate
3156:Wired
2984:(PDF)
2973:S2CID
2953:(PDF)
2885:(PDF)
2874:S2CID
2846:(PDF)
2823:(PDF)
2812:(PDF)
2783:(PDF)
2776:(PDF)
2665:(PDF)
2654:S2CID
2626:(PDF)
2550:S2CID
2530:(PDF)
2200:(PDF)
2121:(PDF)
2114:(PDF)
2085:(PDF)
2078:(PDF)
1801:(PDF)
1794:(PDF)
1549:Slate
1479:5G NR
1454:WiMAX
1408:OFDMA
1394:HSPA+
1389:HSDPA
1045:Wales
963:totem
652:Usage
608:(3G).
162:5.25G
130:3.75G
112:2.75G
6160:Asia
6046:UUCP
6006:ISDN
5096:ViNR
5091:VoNR
5071:MIMO
5044:CDMA
5029:UMTS
5007:SDMA
5000:CDMA
4995:SSMA
4983:TDMA
4971:FDMA
4769:ETSI
4728:IEEE
4655:HSPA
4593:FOMA
4583:UMTS
4548:DECT
4500:GPRS
4451:iDEN
4446:CDPD
4421:AMPS
4378:3GPP
4295:AMPS
4255:AMTS
4230:IMTS
3906:News
3768:Apps
3684:Fold
3659:Flip
3565:Spam
3460:4.5G
3450:3.5G
3383:VoIP
3361:eSIM
3334:list
3164:2011
3104:2010
3073:2007
3032:2017
3006:2011
2924:2013
2893:2009
2866:PMID
2791:2009
2751:PMID
2713:PMID
2646:PMID
2580:2011
2509:2007
2479:2011
2417:2011
2374:2008
2339:2007
2312:2008
2286:2011
2260:2011
2229:help
2182:2011
2159:2015
2129:2015
2093:2009
2061:2010
2012:2007
1990:2011
1950:2007
1909:2011
1883:2020
1834:2011
1777:2011
1751:2009
1716:2011
1677:2011
1649:ISBN
1601:2011
1575:2011
1495:and
1493:SDMA
1489:MIMO
1419:SVDO
1414:EVDO
1384:HSPA
1361:UMTS
1340:EDGE
1335:GPRS
1020:and
635:and
605:ETSI
594:and
588:CEPT
581:TDMA
579:and
577:CDMA
520:, a
487:and
389:and
279:and
166:5.5G
152:4.9G
148:4.5G
126:3.5G
116:2.9G
108:2.5G
85:1.5G
6051:WAN
6021:NGN
6011:LAN
5292:Fax
5233:DCT
5076:IMS
5034:LTE
5024:GSM
4684:LTE
4491:GSM
4466:CT2
4461:PHS
4456:PDC
4387:GSM
4374:GSM
4350:CT1
4325:NMT
4275:AMR
4265:ARP
4240:OLT
4225:MTS
4072:Law
3654:Bar
3558:RCS
3553:MMS
3548:SMS
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