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Before there were selectboards, clerks or treasurers in
Vermont, even before there were established towns, there were moderators. When Governor Benning Wentworth chartered the first Vermont town in 1749, he appointed Col. William Williams to be the moderator of Bennington's first meeting, "which he
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Massachusetts moderators serve a term of one or three years, depending on the choice of each town. Vacancies in the office of moderator are filled by the voters. If the moderator is absent from a meeting, the voters elect a temporary moderator. (Moderators; election; tenure; vacancies; assistant
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Moderators serve for two years, beginning at the conclusion of the meeting at which they are elected (or when they qualify, if later). (Government of town meeting: moderator 1996) In addition to presiding at town meeting, moderators are the chief election officials.
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Town moderators are elected at the annual meeting and serve a one-year term. Usually towns have only one town meeting per year; this is the annual meeting. The moderator of a meeting will have been elected at the previous annual meeting. (Colbert 2008)
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generally occurs the next day, and is presided over by the town clerk. In addition to town meetings, "moderators are needed by town school districts, union school districts, villages, and fire districts."(Colbert 2008)
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Vermont town meetings usually include two phases. The open discussion and voting by voice vote (with occasional paper ballots) occurs the first day, and is presided over by the moderator. The
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because these rules govern the town meeting (except when superseded by state law). The voters may appeal a ruling by the moderator and vote to overrule the moderator. (Colbert 2008)
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The moderator serves for the duration of the meeting at which he or she is elected. The election of the moderator is presided over by the town clerk. (Maine
Moderators Manual 1989)
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286:(n.d.). General Laws of Massachusetts Ch. 39 Sec. 14. State of Massachusetts. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
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215:"Election Primer: What are the duties of Ward moderator, clerk and selectman? | Manchester Ink Link"
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is best known for the town meeting form of government. The office of moderator exists in at least
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is to Notify and Govern according to the Laws & Custom of our Said
Province." (Colbert 2008)
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262:(1996). Revised statutes 40:1. New Hampshire General Court. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
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256:(October 2008). New Hampshire Local Government Center. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
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Montpelier: Office of the
Vermont Secretary of State. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
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Some town moderators have the ability to directly appoint the town's
241:(2009). Rhode Island Ethics Commission. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
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284:"Moderators; election; tenure; vacancies; assistant moderators."
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271:(1989). Town of Raymond, Maine. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
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In cities, moderators are in charge of polling places.
190:It is important for moderators to be familiar with
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280:. Town of Simsbury. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
72:Learn how and when to remove this message
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260:"Government of town meeting: moderator.
120:(Advisory Opinion No. 2009-5 2009) and
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52:. Parenthetical referencing has been
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253:Exercising a Public Trust: Voting.
246:A Handbook for Vermont Moderators.
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