591:
1399:
171:
20:
1411:
1387:
203:
406:, sought to develop a sense of unity in the region according to the new modernist molds, promoting conferences, art exhibitions and congresses. The document's content emphasizes the importance of restoring both national and, above all, regional and northeastern culture, highlighting its strong aspects. This appreciation of regional culture led to the emergence of new artists from the 1930s onwards, such as
270:
210:
The first phase of
Modernism was characterized by an attempt to define positions, manifestos and fast-circulating magazines. It was the most radical period of the movement due to the necessity of breaking with all the structures of the past. Its anarchic character and strong sense of annihilation was
527:
Prose expanded its area of focus to include new political, social, economic, human and spiritual concerns. The joke was replaced by gravity of spirit, seriousness of soul, purpose and means. The 1930s
Generation adopted a serious attitude towards the world, for whose pains they considered themselves
218:
Most of the intellectuals and artists who represented
Modernism in Brazil lived in Europe in the period after the World War I and, from this experience, absorbed ideas and techniques that resulted in Brazilian Modernism. Consequently, all the excitement that characterized the beginning of the 20th
141:
Didactically, Modernism is divided into three phases. The first, called Heroic, was the most radical and strongly opposed to everything that came before. The second, milder, called the 1930s
Generation, produced great novelists and poets and was characterized by social and political concerns and
448:
was characterized by critical assimilation ("swallowing") of
European avant-gardes and cultures, with the purpose of recreating them to rediscover Brazil in its primitive authenticity. It had two phases: the first with ten issues (1928–1929), directed by Antônio Alcântara Machado and managed by
391:
233:
There was a search for the modern and original. The return to the origins, through the valorization of the indigenous people and the language spoken by the people, were also addressed. However, nationalism was used in two different ways: critical, aligned with the political left by denouncing
86:
in 1922, is considered by official historiography to be the starting point of
Modernism in Brazil. However, recent research reveals that artistic and cultural renewal initiatives were taking place in different parts of the country at that moment. According to some scholars,
219:
century in Europe arrived in Brazil as a moment of renewal and the search to produce a new model of art that was concerned with social issues. However, it wasn't a copy of
European art, but rather its own authentic and original art. With the beginning of the Brazilian
50:
was a broad cultural movement that strongly affected the art scene and
Brazilian society in the first half of the 20th century, especially in the fields of literature and the plastic arts. It was inspired by the cultural and artistic trends launched in
230:. Considered a milestone of Modernism in the country and in Latin America, the event featured poetry recitals, musical concerts and opened doors to a new artistic language in relation to different types of art, such as painting, poetry and literature.
75:. These new modern languages brought by the European artistic and literary movements were gradually assimilated into the Brazilian artistic context, but with elements of the country's culture, as there was a need to valorize the national identity.
646:
magazine in 1947, denied formal freedom, irony, satire and other modernist characteristics; the poets sought a more "balanced and serious" poetry. At the beginning of the 1940s, two unique poets emerged, not aesthetically affiliated to any trend:
614:
were all major influences on the third generation. In prose, both in novels and short stories, there was a search for intimate, psychologically and introspective literature. At the same time, regionalism acquired a new dimension with
225:
and the return of artists to the country, the necessity of organizing events to disseminate new ideas became a concern for them. In this context, the Modern Art Week took place in 1922, scheduled to commemorate the centenary of
1057:
832:
496:
focused especially on the northeast region. The thematic universe expanded with the artists' concern for the destiny of man and his position in the world. Unlike the previous generation, it was constructive.
528:
responsible. Also characteristic of the novel of this period was the author's contact with his people and the search for the
Brazilian man in different regions, which made regionalism important.
500:
Both the poetry of the '22 and '30 generations were contemporary, since most of the '30 poets absorbed the '22 experiences, such as thematic freedom, a taste for updated or inventive expression,
574:
291:
It was published in SĂŁo Paulo from May 15, 1922, to
January 1923. It was the first Brazilian modernist publication after the Modern Art Week and its main purpose was to publicize the movement;
687:
578:(1917). The writers of the second generation also incorporated serious social issues into their works: social inequality, the cruel life of the migrants, the remnants of slavery and the
557:
and José Américo de Almeida presented the problems of the Northeast and the northeastern people in their works and made the region a major symbol of the regionalist genre. Together with
138:, one of the speakers at the event. The movement wasn't dominant from the start, but over time it replaced its predecessors through its freedom of style and approach to spoken language.
398:
The period from 1925 to 1930 was characterized by the dissemination of Modernism throughout the Brazilian states. In this context, the Regionalist Center of the Northeast, located in
695:
679:
504:
and anti-academicism. In this phase, the modernist poetic language, already structured, was improved and the theme of philosophical and religious restlessness was expanded by
234:
reality, and ufanistic, exaggerated and extreme right-wing. Due to the need for definitions and a break with all the structures of the past, this was the most radical phase.
659:
363:
to criticize Oswald's "French nationalism". His proposal was a primitivist nationalism, ufanistic and identified with European nationalist regimes, which evolved into
691:
24:
40:
28:
565:
and other writers, they created a new style, completely modern and totally freed from traditional language, in which they incorporated real regional speech.
466:, it included Antônio de Alcântara Machado, Mário de Andrade, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, as well as drawings by Tarsila do Amaral, articles in favor of the
642:
320:
112:
683:
699:
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32:
488:
Extending from 1930 to 1945, the second phase of Modernism, as well as being rich in poetic work, stood out more in the production of
807:
250:
959:
324:. He presented a proposal for literature linked to Brazilian reality, based on a rediscovery of the country, and stated that
238:
162:; it was characterized by a mixture of styles and a concern with aesthetics, whose predominant literary genre was poetry.
632:
The third generation emerged with poets opposed to the modernist innovations of 1922, which led many scholars (such as
158:
by several authors (or also known as the 1945 Generation), opposed the first stage and was ridiculed with the nickname
1323:"As vanguardas europeias e o modernismo brasileiro e as correspondências entre Mário de Andrade e Manuel Bandeira"
607:
1364:
1339:
1451:
1132:
857:
535:
415:
254:
314:
237:
A month after the Modern Art Week, Brazil was experiencing two moments of great political importance: the
626:
1262:
782:
648:
629:. Research into language was a characteristic feature of the authors, who were called instrumentalists.
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747:
521:
513:
242:
619:'s recreation of the customs and speech of the backlands, reaching deep into the psychology of the
616:
151:
92:
1156:
1081:
462:
445:
598:
The transformation of Brazil's socio-political scenario also changed literature; the end of the
572:, Jorge de Lima and Murilo Mendes introduced a sort of spiritualism that came from Mário's book
1441:
711:
655:. They are considered by many to be the most important representatives of the 1945 Generation.
227:
1208:
897:
727:
1288:
910:
716:
352:
303:
116:
36:
1354:
550:
411:
8:
1436:
1263:"A terceira fase do modernismo - A fase que rompeu com a revolução, o retorno à tradição"
585:
348:
187:
1341:
O tocador pelo pincel: o sonoro, o visual e a sensorialidade, do Modernismo Ă Era Vargas
926:
640:) to describe this group as Post-Modernist. The new proposal, initially defended by the
590:
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212:
183:
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943:
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633:
505:
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1300:
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471:
419:
309:
286:
195:
191:
143:
108:
1177:
833:"Repensar as margens, redefinir os centros: o Modernismo visto do Rio Grande do Sul"
562:
344:
258:
1349:
1235:
938:
905:
667:
554:
470:
language by PlĂnio Salgado and poetry by Guilherme de Almeida. Its name comes from
407:
356:
111:
and the urban changes that occurred in the city during that period. For art critic
1009:
985:"Quem são os integralistas, o fascismo brasileiro que mantém seguidores até hoje"
558:
427:
403:
175:
100:
96:
79:
984:
131:
1107:
637:
431:
179:
27:(seated, second from left) and other 1922 modernists, including (unidentified)
568:
Drummond's almost joking humor was influenced by Mário and Oswald de Andrade.
1425:
1391:
1304:
517:
509:
467:
325:
159:
155:
68:
898:"Modernismo Latino-Americano e construção de identidades através da pintura"
675:
674:(English: 1945 Generation) to the group of poets who emerged at the end of
83:
546:
423:
364:
329:
221:
124:
56:
652:
253:
emerged, with Mário de Andrade as one of its founders, and in 1932, the
170:
135:
1415:
599:
579:
501:
483:
120:
72:
621:
586:
Third generation (1945–1960) - the Post-Modernist (or 1945 Generation)
246:
130:
Not all the participants in the Modern Art Week were modernists, like
450:
611:
603:
390:
64:
19:
1321:
Santos, Paula Cristina Guidelli do; Souza, Adalberto de Oliveira.
670:: There is a New Poetry in Brazil), in which he proposed the name
165:
1410:
476:
453:; and the second, published weekly in 25 issues in the newspaper
202:
91:
pioneered this artistic movement in Brazil through the works of
960:"Modernismo no Brasil: um divisor de águas na história da arte"
399:
88:
60:
52:
269:
690:
and himself. Other names joined them, such as Cyro Pimentel,
489:
147:
104:
808:"Afinal, a Semana de Arte Moderna foi tĂŁo importante assim?"
927:"O modernismo brasileiro e o contexto cultural dos anos 20"
318:
and reprinted in 1924 as the opening of the poetry book
538:, was the landmark of the so-called regionalist novel.
335:
1375:
1209:"Segunda Geração Modernista - 2.ª Fase do Modernismo"
367:. In May 1929, the Verde-Amarelo group published the
123:'s culture has the challenge of confronting internal
484:
Second generation (1930–1945) – the 1930s Generation
1126:
1124:
294:
206:Poster announcing the last day of Modern Art Week.
1257:
1255:
382:
1423:
1121:
658:In 1948, at the 1st SĂŁo Paulo Poetry Congress,
166:First generation (1922–1930) - the Heroic phase
1252:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
277:
1230:
1228:
1058:"Movimento verde-amarelo ou a escola da anta"
257:, a radical nationalist movement founded by
103:, manifestations of popular culture such as
1194:
1133:"MANIFESTO ANTROPÓFAGO – Oswald de Andrade"
764:
457:in 1929, with Geraldo Ferraz as secretary.
264:
1225:
437:
1353:
942:
909:
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895:
880:
855:
589:
389:
268:
201:
169:
18:
1320:
1130:
957:
1424:
1007:
924:
911:10.11606/issn.2316-9141.v0i153p251-282
830:
211:called the "spirit of destruction" by
1355:10.11606/T.8.2012.tde-19092012-093322
1314:
1286:
805:
16:Cultural movement in the 20th century
1362:
1337:
575:Há uma Gota de Sangue em Cada Poema
13:
1105:
944:10.11606/issn.2316-9036.v0i94p9-18
115:, former assistant curator of the
14:
1463:
1166:. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). 1928.
369:Manifesto Nhengaçu Verde-Amarelo,
328:should be an "export", just like
241:and the founding congress of the
127:and the erasure of its history".
1409:
1397:
1385:
480:(meaning " the one that eats").
154:region. The third phase, called
117:Museum of Modern Art in New York
1280:
1170:
1149:
1099:
1074:
1050:
1026:
1001:
976:
896:Capelato, Maria Helena (2005).
831:Macedo, Tarcizio (2022-05-05).
688:PĂ©ricles EugĂŞnio da Silva Ramos
377:Manifesto of the Escola da Anta
1287:Costa, Édison José da (1998).
1131:Almeida, Marcos (2013-07-11).
983:Bernardo, André (2021-08-21).
951:
918:
889:
874:
856:Albertim, Bruno (2020-05-05).
849:
824:
799:
740:
1:
1117:(7 ed.). pp. 47–75.
958:Varella, Paulo (2019-11-28).
858:"MODERNO ANTES DO MODERNISMO"
734:
696:José Paulo Moreira da Fonseca
373:Manifesto of Verde-Amarelismo
43:, in SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil, 1922.
23:Mário de Andrade (top left),
1338:TĂ©o, Marcelo Robson (2011).
806:Veiga, Edison (2022-02-11).
682:, JoĂŁo Cabral de Melo Neto,
664:Há uma Nova Poesia no Brasil
255:Brazilian Integralist Action
7:
1008:Pontes, Iran (2014-01-03).
705:
10:
1468:
881:Coutinho, Afrânio (2004).
660:Domingos Carvalho da Silva
522:Carlos Drummond de Andrade
301:
284:
1365:"Arte-Educação no Brasil"
594:JoĂŁo Cabral de Melo Neto.
514:Augusto Frederico Schmidt
119:, "the historiography of
55:in the period before the
1108:"Manifesto regionalista"
1082:"Manifesto Regionalista"
662:gave a lecture entitled
649:JoĂŁo Cabral de Melo Neto
582:based on land ownership
455:Diário do Rio de Janeiro
265:Manifestos and magazines
178:of Brazilian modernism:
93:Vicente do Rego Monteiro
1164:Revista de Antropofagia
692:Geraldo Pinto Rodrigues
602:, the rise and fall of
536:José Américo de Almeida
463:Manifesto Antropofágico
446:Anthropophagic Movement
439:Revista de Antropofagia
416:José Américo de Almeida
337:Movimento Verde-Amarelo
1034:"Movimento Pau-Brasil"
925:Amaral, Aracy (2012).
883:A literatura no Brasil
783:"Modernismo no Brasil"
748:"Vanguardas europeias"
712:Architecture of Brazil
595:
460:Initiated by Oswald's
395:
384:Manifesto Regionalista
274:
273:Klaxon magazine cover.
239:presidential elections
207:
199:
82:, which took place in
44:
25:Rubens Borba de Moraes
728:Before the Green Ball
608:military dictatorship
593:
393:
312:, first published in
272:
205:
173:
22:
1452:Brazilian literature
885:. SĂŁo Paulo: Global.
717:Brazilian literature
361:Manifesto Pau-Brasil
353:Guilherme de Almeida
304:Manifesto Pau-Brasil
296:Manifesto Pau-Brasil
281:magazine (1922–1923)
146:, especially in the
41:Yan de Almeida Prado
37:Guilherme de Almeida
902:Revista de HistĂłria
492:, characterized by
359:in response to the
349:Menotti del Picchia
188:Menotti del Picchia
99:, the sociology of
48:Modernism in Brazil
1363:Barbosa, Ana Mae.
1315:Additional reading
1106:Freyre, Gilberto.
1088:. 29 December 2018
1010:"A Revista Klaxon"
862:Revista Continente
722:Brazilian painting
634:Alceu Amoroso Lima
596:
506:VinĂcius de Moraes
396:
343:A group formed by
308:It was written by
275:
208:
200:
45:
1447:Culture of Brazil
1369:Estudos Avançados
1289:"A Geração de 45"
1137:Nossa Brasilidade
551:José Lins do Rego
543:Rachel de Queiroz
472:Tarsila do Amaral
420:Rachel de Queiroz
412:José Lins do Rego
310:Oswald de Andrade
287:Klaxon (magazine)
196:Tarsila do Amaral
192:Oswald de Andrade
33:Alcântara Machado
29:Tácito de Almeida
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904:(153): 251–282.
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570:CecĂlia Meireles
555:Graciliano Ramos
541:Authors such as
408:Graciliano Ramos
394:Gilberto Freyre.
371:also called the
357:Cassiano Ricardo
315:Correio da ManhĂŁ
251:Democratic Party
213:Mário de Andrade
184:Mário de Andrade
113:Paulo Herkenhoff
95:, the poetry of
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1267:Brasil Paralelo
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684:Geraldo Vidigal
680:Bueno de Rivera
588:
559:Érico Verissimo
486:
442:
428:Érico VerĂssimo
404:Gilberto Freyre
402:and chaired by
388:
341:
306:
300:
289:
283:
267:
249:. In 1926, the
243:Communist Party
168:
101:Gilberto Freyre
97:Manuel Bandeira
80:Modern Art Week
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1014:Design Culture
1000:
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888:
873:
848:
823:
812:Deutsche Welle
798:
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752:Mundo Educação
738:
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733:
732:
731:
724:
719:
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707:
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638:Ivan Junqueira
627:central Brazil
617:GuimarĂŁes Rosa
587:
584:
563:OrĂgenes Lessa
485:
482:
441:
436:
432:Marques Rebelo
387:
381:
345:PlĂnio Salgado
340:
334:
302:Main article:
299:
293:
285:Main article:
282:
276:
266:
263:
259:PlĂnio Salgado
180:Anita Malfatti
167:
164:
156:Post-Modernist
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1453:
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1442:Brazilian art
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1182:Brasil Escola
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1062:Brasil Escola
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787:Brasil Escola
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672:Geração de 45
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518:Murilo Mendes
515:
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510:Jorge de Lima
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326:Brazilian art
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1213:Toda Matéria
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1086:Todo Estudo
931:Revista USP
700:Geir Campos
547:Jorge Amado
531:A Bagaceira
494:regionalism
424:Jorge Amado
365:Integralism
339:(1926–1929)
298:(1924–1925)
222:avant-garde
144:regionalism
125:colonialism
57:World War I
1437:Modern art
1426:Categories
1404:Literature
1348:(Thesis).
1333:: 789–798.
1273:2023-11-15
1245:2012-11-21
1240:InfoEscola
1218:2023-11-15
1187:2023-11-15
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1092:2023-11-15
1067:2023-11-15
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969:2023-11-15
867:2020-07-01
842:2023-11-15
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735:References
600:Vargas era
580:coronelism
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1432:Modernism
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