1778:
1578:
1699:
4264:
5619:
4322:
4876:
4600:
4476:
4662:
918:
4285:
5093:
5246:
936:
5430:
4538:
2664:
5708:
2947:
5000:
4446:
5062:
4786:
4845:
4415:
5491:
4182:
5584:
4631:
4199:
51:
5746:
4384:
4915:
5215:
4938:
4232:
5738:
4569:
4755:
4165:
5561:
4141:
5368:
4825:
4817:
5460:
5184:
4724:
5153:
4248:
4216:
5522:
5658:
4693:
2436:) called for opposing Le Pen, even if it meant voting for Chirac. The 14-day period between the two rounds of voting was marked by demonstrations against Le Pen and slogans such as "Vote for the crook, not for the fascist" or "Vote with a clothespin on your nose". Chirac won re-election by a landslide, with 82 per cent of the vote on the second ballot. However, Chirac became increasingly unpopular during his second term. According to a July 2005 poll, 37 per cent judged Chirac favourably and 63 per cent unfavorably. In 2006,
2164:
4507:
1478:
5031:
5123:
4484:
5308:
4515:
11973:
5678:
5553:
4353:
2152:
786:
2533:
5686:
4113:
4969:
2374:, ran over a strip of metal on takeoff puncturing its left fuel tank and sliced electrical wires near the left landing gear. The sequence of events ignited a large fire and caused the Concorde to veer left on its takeoff roll. As it reached takeoff speed and lifted off the ground, it came within 30 feet of hitting Chirac's 747. The photograph of Flight 4590 ablaze, the only picture taken of the Concorde on fire, was taken by passenger Toshihiko Sato on Chirac's jetliner.
5407:
2837:
than his first.) "My whole life has been committed to serving France, and serving peace", Chirac said, adding that he would find new ways to serve France after leaving office. He did not explain the reasons for his decision. He did not, during the broadcast, endorse any of the candidates running for election, but did devote several minutes of his talk to a plea against extremist politics that was considered a thinly disguised invocation to voters not to vote for
5438:
4361:
2389:
5101:
4884:
4853:
2854:
5223:
5192:
5650:
5399:
5277:
4577:
5627:
5592:
4977:
4670:
4608:
4423:
5716:
5376:
5254:
5008:
4794:
4546:
4330:
4040:
3720:
3534:
1954:
1298:
4946:
4763:
4732:
4701:
9836:
5070:
5039:
2235:, only controls foreign and military policyâ and even then, allocation of funding is under the control of Parliament and under the significant influence of the prime minister. Short of dissolving parliament and calling for new elections, the president was left with little power to influence public policy regarding crime, the economy, and public services. Chirac seized the occasion to periodically criticise Jospin's government.
4392:
5530:
5161:
5131:
4454:
5346:
5316:
5285:
4639:
2056:
5499:
5468:
9824:
5338:
2208:, where 13,000 Jews had been held for deportation to concentration camps in July 1942, Chirac said, "France, on that day, committed the irreparable". Those responsible for the roundup were "4,500 policemen and gendarmes, French, under the authority of their leaders obeyed the demands of the Nazis. ... the criminal folly of the occupiers was seconded by the French, by the French State".
4907:
13765:
3443:. On 10 May 2006, following a Cabinet meeting, Chirac made a rare television appearance to try to protect Villepin from the scandal and to debunk allegations that Chirac himself had set up a Japanese bank account containing 300 million francs in 1992 as Mayor of Paris. Chirac said that "The Republic is not a dictatorship of rumours, a dictatorship of calumny."
2350:, which failed after the French demand for parity with the United States went unmet. The possibility of a further attempt foundered after Chirac was forced into cohabitation with a Socialist-led cabinet between 1997 and 2002, then poor Franco-American relations after the French UN veto threat over Iraq in 2003 made transatlantic negotiations impossible.
1666:
RPR headquarters. He passed himself off, as a right-wing voter, by changing his voice. The RPR employee advised him "certainly do not vote
Giscard!" After 1981, the relationship between the two men became tense, with Giscard, even though he had been in the same government coalition as Chirac, criticising Chirac's actions openly.
7263:
1911:, who had promised that he would not run for the presidency against Chirac in 1995. However, benefiting from positive polls, Balladur decided to be a presidential candidate, with the support of a majority of right-wing politicians. Balladur broke from Chirac along with a number of friends and allies, including Charles Pasqua,
2133:. Reacting to criticism, Chirac said, "You only have to look back at 1935...There were people then who were against France arming itself, and look what happened." On 1 February 1996, Chirac announced that France had ended "once and for all" its nuclear testing and intended to accede to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
919:
1650:, thus splitting the centre-right vote. He was eliminated in the first round with 18% of the vote. He reluctantly supported Giscard in the second round. He refused to give instructions to the RPR voters but said that he supported the incumbent president "in a private capacity", which was interpreted as almost
1665:
Giscard has always blamed Chirac for his defeat. He was told by
Mitterrand, before his death, that the latter had dined with Chirac before the election. Chirac told the Socialist candidate that he wanted to "get rid of Giscard". In his memoirs, Giscard wrote that between the two rounds, he phoned the
3316:
convictions of some politicians and aides. However, a controversial judicial decision in 1999 granted Chirac immunity while he was president of France. He refused to testify on these matters, arguing that it would be incompatible with his presidential functions. Investigations concerning the running
3406:
On 15 December 2011, Chirac was found guilty and given a suspended sentence of two years. He was convicted of diverting public funds, abuse of trust and illegal conflict of interest. The suspended sentence meant he did not have to go to prison, and took into account his age, health, and status as a
2836:
In a pre-recorded television broadcast aired on 11 March 2007, he announced, in a widely predicted move, that he would not choose to seek a third term as president. (In 2000 the constitution had been amended to reduce the length of the presidential term to five years, so his second term was shorter
2869:
in June 2008. Since then it has been striving for peace through five advocacy programmes: conflict prevention, access to water and sanitation, access to quality medicines and healthcare, access to land resources, and preservation of cultural diversity. It supports field projects that involve local
937:
1868:
criticised his abandonment of
Gaullist doctrines. On the right, a new generation of politicians, the "renovation men", accused Chirac and Giscard of being responsible for the electoral defeats. In 1992, convinced a candidate could not become president whilst advocating anti-European policies, he
1536:
After his departure from the cabinet, Chirac wanted to gain the leadership of the political right, to gain the French presidency in the future. The RPR was conceived as an electoral machine against
President Giscard d'Estaing. Paradoxically, Chirac benefited from Giscard's decision to create the
3383:
Chirac's immunity from prosecution ended in May 2007, when he left office as president. In
November 2007 a preliminary charge of misuse of public funds was filed against him. Chirac is said to be the first former French head of state to be formally placed under investigation for a crime. On 30
2310:
During his two terms, he increased the Elysee Palace's total budget by 105 per cent (to âŹ90 million, whereas 20 years before it was the equivalent of âŹ43.7 million). He doubled the number of presidential cars â to 61 cars and seven scooters in the Palace's garage. He hired 145 extra
7260:
2729:
formulated upon request by the Heads of State of Brazil, Chile, France and Spain (issued in
December 2004), these documents present various opportunities for innovative financing mechanisms while equally stressing the advantages (stability and predictability) of tax-based models. The
2338:
was commissioned. He also reduced expenditure on nuclear weapons and the French nuclear arsenal was reduced to include 350 warheads, compared to the
Russian nuclear arsenal of 16,000 warheads. He also published a plan to reduce the number of fighters the French military had by 30.
3380:(who allegedly destroyed all archives of the period 1978â93 during night raids in 1999â2000). Thousands of people were invited each year to receptions in the Paris city hall, while many political, media and artistic personalities were hosted in private flats owned by the city.
3106:. He was originally portrayed as a rather likeable, though overexcited, character; following the corruption allegations, however, he was depicted as a kind of dilettante and incompetent who pilfered public money and lied through his teeth. His character for a while developed a
1468:
in favour of
Giscard d'Estaing, the leader of the non-Gaullist part of the parliamentary majority. Giscard d'Estaing was elected as Pompidou's successor after France's most competitive election campaign in years. In return, the new president chose Chirac to lead the cabinet.
2105:
Chirac was elected on a platform of tax cuts and job programmes, but his policies did little to ease the labour strikes during his first months in office. On the domestic front, neo-liberal economic austerity measures introduced by Chirac and his conservative prime minister
2660:. Whereas the disagreement on Iraq had caused a rift between Paris and Washington, recent analysis suggests that both governments worked closely together on the Syria file to end the Syrian occupation of Lebanon, and that Chirac was a driver of this diplomatic cooperation.
1514:
As prime minister, Chirac quickly set about persuading the
Gaullists that, despite the social reforms proposed by President Giscard, the basic tenets of Gaullism, such as national and European independence, would be retained. Chirac was advised by Pierre Juillet and
3167:("Welcome to Chirac-land") as being the leader of a political mafia behaving outside of the laws applicable to normal citizenry. In June 2005, the band attracted media controversy when, on live television during midday news, it stopped early playing the gentle
1734:, gave Chirac the lead in domestic affairs. However, it is generally conceded that Mitterrand used the areas granted to the President of the Republic, or "reserved domains" of the Presidency, Defence and Foreign Affairs, to belittle his prime minister.
1421:
and Rural
Development under Pompidou, who had been elected president in 1969, after de Gaulle retired. Chirac quickly earned a reputation as a champion of French farmers' interests, and first attracted international attention when he assailed U.S.,
1673:
that year. However, as Giscard had been knocked out, Chirac appeared as the principal leader of the right-wing opposition. Due to his attacks against the economic policy of the Socialist government, he gradually aligned himself with prevailing
1527:
group, the Rally for the Republic (RPR). Chirac's first tenure as prime minister was also an arguably progressive one, with improvements in both the minimum wage and the social welfare system carried out during the course of his premiership.
13970:
2772:
with Dominique de Villepin. In an address to the nation, Chirac declared that the new cabinet's top priority was to curb unemployment, which was consistently hovering above 10 per cent, calling for a "national mobilisation" to that effect.
1522:
Citing Giscard's unwillingness to give him authority, Chirac resigned as prime minister in 1976. He proceeded to build up his political base among France's several conservative parties, with a goal of reconstituting the Gaullist UDR into a
2192:
and that the Republic had been re-established when the war was over. It was not for France, therefore, to apologise for the roundup of Jews for deportation that happened while the Republic had not existed and was carried out by a state,
8182:
2110:, including budgetary cutbacks, proved highly unpopular. At about the same time, it became apparent that Juppé and others had obtained preferential conditions for public housing, as well as other perks. At the year's end Chirac faced
3283:
alleged that the reactor's imminent commissioning was a threat to its security, and pre-emptively bombed the Osirak reactor on 7 June 1981, provoking considerable anger from French officials and the United Nations Security Council.
3659:: MarchâApril 1967 (became Secretary of State in April 1967), reelected in 1968, 1973, but he remained a minister in 1976â1986 (became prime minister in 1986), 1988â95 (resigned to become President of the French Republic in 1995).
1761:
was killed by the police, leading to massive demonstrations and the proposal's withdrawal. It has been said during other student crises that this event strongly affected Jacques Chirac, who was afterwards careful about possible
1507:('young wolves') of French politics, but he was faced with the hostility of the "Barons of Gaullism" who considered him a traitor for his role during the previous presidential campaign. In December 1974, he took the lead of the
3295:
and forcibly removed Hussein's government from power. France led several other European countries in an effort to prevent the invasion. The Osirak deal was then used by parts of the American media to criticise the Chirac-led
2285:
on 22 September 2000, in which Jean-Claude MĂ©ry, in charge of the RPR's financing, directly accused Chirac of organising the network, and of having been physically present on 5 October 1986, when MĂ©ry gave in cash 5 million
13930:
7939:
9132:
1635:
After the poor results of the election, Chirac broke with Garaud and Juillet. Vexed Marie-France Garaud stated: "We thought Chirac was made of the same marble of which statues are carved in, we perceive he's of the same
1280:, using personal connections to be sent despite the reservations of his superiors. His superiors did not want to make him an officer because they suspected he had communist leanings. In 1965, he became an auditor in the
1453:. From March 1974, he was entrusted by President Pompidou with preparations for the presidential election then scheduled for 1976. These elections were moved forward because of Pompidou's sudden death on 2 April 1974.
6967:
1519:, two former advisers of Pompidou. These two organised the campaign against Chaban-Delmas in 1974. They advocated a clash with Giscard d'Estaing because they thought his policy bewildered the conservative electorate.
13985:
9021:
8163:
9185:
8304:
2319:
As the Supreme Commander of the French armed forces, he reduced the military budget, as did his predecessor. At the end of his first term it accounted for three per cent of GDP. In 1997 the aircraft carrier
10732:
12657:
12472:
12287:
12090:
1904:. Chirac announced that he did not want to come back as prime minister as his previous term had ended with his unsuccessful run for the presidency against Mitterrand who was still president at this point.
8426:
8094:
13960:
5326:
2881:. He sat for the first time on the council on 15 November 2007, six months after leaving the presidency. Immediately after Sarkozy's victory, Chirac moved into a 180-square-metre (1,900 sq ft)
6874:
10358:
13915:
1096:. He was the son of Abel François Marie Chirac (1898â1968), a successful executive for an aircraft company, and Marie-Louise Valette (1902â1973), a housewife. His grandparents were all teachers from
9076:
9800:
7800:
9449:"Real Decreto 377/2006, de 24 de marzo, por el que se concede el Collar de la Real y Muy Distinguida Orden de Carlos III a su excelencia señor Jacques Chirac, Presidente de la RepĂșblica Francesa"
2220:
in a gamble designed to bolster support for his conservative economic program. But instead, it created an uproar, and his power was weakened by the subsequent backlash. The Socialist Party (PS),
8577:
6259:
8179:
5618:
13940:
8247:
8742:
3395:(1977â95). Along with Chirac, nine others stood trial in two separate cases, one dealing with fictional jobs for 21 people and the other with jobs for the remaining seven. The President of
8863:
7336:
14090:
10406:
2611:, and rallied other governments to his position. "Iraq today does not represent an immediate threat that justifies an immediate war", Chirac said on 18 March 2003. Future prime minister
10559:
10457:
8517:
10525:
10508:
14005:
12650:
12465:
12280:
12083:
7931:
6226:
2926:. On 10 December 2015, Chirac was hospitalised in Paris for undisclosed reasons, although his state of health did not "give any cause for concern", he remained for about a week in
10576:
9129:
8456:
9153:
10491:
6521:
13925:
10641:
10542:
10389:
8950:
4269:
2764:(TCE). The result was a victory for the No campaign, with 55 per cent of voters rejecting the treaty on a turnout of 69 per cent, dealing a devastating blow to Chirac and the
10474:
10423:
6959:
10610:
3068:
Because of Jacques Chirac's long public career, he was often parodied or caricatured: Young Jacques Chirac is the basis of a young, dashing bureaucrat character in the 1976
2807:(CPE) by "promulgating without applying it", an unheard-of â and, some claim, illegal â move intended to appease the protesters while giving the appearance of not making a
3391:
On 7 March 2011, he went on trial on charges of diverting public funds, accused of giving fictional city jobs to 28 activists from his political party while serving as the
3057:, with only close family in attendance. Andorra announced three days of national mourning. Lebanon declared the day of the ex-president's funeral national day of mourning.
2974:, and attended by representatives from about 175 countries, included 69 past and present heads of state, government and international organisations. Notable names included
14075:
14070:
14065:
14060:
13945:
12932:
12643:
12458:
12273:
12076:
4341:
3520:â), which he had entered three years before. The 182-page typewritten work, supervised by Professor Jean Chardonnet, is illustrated by photographs, sketches and diagrams.
3407:
former head of state. He did not attend his trial, since medical doctors deemed that his neurological problems damaged his memory. His defence team decided not to appeal.
10658:
6681:"Giscard appoints Chirac, Gaullist, France's Premier; Interior Minister, 41, Picked by President for Support During the Campaign Worked Under Giscard Largest in Assembly"
1777:
13990:
10593:
10440:
9013:
8547:
2908:
as "irritable, rash, impetuous, disloyal, ungrateful, and un-French". Chirac wrote that he considered firing Sarkozy previously, and conceded responsibility in allowing
2508:
celebrations, Chirac survived an assassination attempt by a lone gunman with a rifle hidden in a guitar case. The would-be assassin fired a shot toward the presidential
2204:
Chirac was the first president of France to take responsibility for the deportation of Jews during the Vichy regime. In a speech made on 16 July 1995 at the site of the
1556:
Chirac supporters point out that, as mayor, he provided programmes to help the elderly, people with disabilities, and single mothers, and introduced the street-cleaning
8160:
7213:
13980:
7431:
3268:
in 1975. Hussein approved a deal granting French oil companies a number of privileges plus a 23-percent share of Iraqi oil. As part of this deal, France sold Iraq the
1501:
on 27 May 1974, to reconcile the "Giscardian" and "non-Giscardian" factions of the parliamentary majority. At the age of 41, Chirac stood out as the very model of the
9175:
13935:
13920:
7769:
6596:
6322:
7280:
14095:
14055:
13910:
13885:
10882:
10867:
6289:
5991:
4475:
3932:
9051:
8074:
8039:
7710:
7687:
6629:
3473:
in her youth, did not participate in her father's political activities. Chirac was the grandfather of Martin Rey-Chirac by the relationship of Claude with French
2121:
Shortly after taking office, Chirac – undaunted by international protests by environmental groups – insisted upon the resumption of
14115:
13379:
10837:
10083:
9277:
8430:
8091:
7388:
3786:
1577:
13880:
8625:
8274:
1798:
14085:
13900:
13855:
13830:
13427:
8020:
6882:
2383:
1620:
after a car crash, he declared that "as always about the drooping of France, the pro-foreign party acts with its peaceable and reassuring voice". He appointed
13705:
13698:
13691:
9073:
8920:
5245:
13965:
13890:
6147:
3350:
2870:
people and provide concrete and innovative solutions. Chirac chaired the jury for the Prize for Conflict Prevention awarded every year by his foundation.
2118:, one of the largest since May 1968. The demonstrations were largely pitted against Juppé's plan for pension reform, and ultimately led to his dismissal.
14010:
13905:
7996:
7792:
3317:
of Paris's city hall, the number of whose municipal employees increased by 25% from 1977 to 1995 (with 2,000 out of approximately 35,000 coming from the
2090:
represented by his challenger on the right and promised to reduce the "social fracture", placing himself more to the centre and thus forcing Balladur to
1853:. He obtained 20 per cent of the vote in the first round, but lost the second with only 46 per cent. He resigned from the cabinet and the right lost the
8296:
7281:"Allocution de M. Jacques CHIRAC Président de la République prononcée lors des cérémonies commémorant la grande rafle des 16 et 17 juillet 1942 (Paris)"
7156:
3868:
14040:
8569:
6485:
3807:
13369:
8649:
7261:
Allocution de M. Jacques CHIRAC Président de la République prononcée lors des cérémonies commémorant la grande rafle des 16 et 17 juillet 1942 (Paris)
14045:
13950:
10737:
8239:
3887:
8734:
8493:
8337:
7125:
3912:
12925:
9912:
7059:
2141:
1602:
441:
8855:
6833:
1549:(1871â1940) feared that having municipal control of the capital would give the mayor too much power. In 1977, Chirac stood as a candidate against
13895:
13860:
7333:
6738:
6173:
559:
8359:
540:
13975:
10363:
10328:
8457:
https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/musique/quand-jacques-chirac-etait-la-cible-de-chansons-contestataires-et-droles-en-six-videos_3633475.html
7362:
6344:
8056:
6204:
517:
13955:
11562:
9601:
8509:
7029:
2768:(UMP) party, and to part of the centre-left which had supported the TCE. Following the referendum defeat, Chirac replaced his prime minister
2761:
2751:
2484:
Despite past opposition to state intervention the Chirac government approved a âŹ2.8 billion aid package to troubled manufacturing giant
2201:
had reiterated this position: "The Republic had nothing to do with this. I do not believe France is responsible," he said in September 1994.
1753:(ISF), a symbolic tax on those with high value assets introduced by Mitterrand's government. Elsewhere, the plan for university reform (plan
8602:
8399:
7589:
7536:
1140:
Chirac was an only child (his elder sister, Jacqueline, died in infancy nearly ten years before his birth). He was educated in Paris at the
13875:
9100:
7484:
4895:
2747:
2232:
1397:. Although Chirac was well-situated in de Gaulle's entourage, being related by marriage to the general's sole companion at the time of the
9637:
Gaffney, John. "Protocol, Image, and Discourse in Political leadership Competition: the case of prime minister Lionel Jospin, 1997-2002."
9380:
8799:
6083:
5899:
2922:
Chirac suffered from frail health and memory loss in later life. In February 2014 he was admitted to hospital because of pains related to
14000:
13825:
12918:
10830:
8974:
8113:
7845:
6236:
1629:
2825:
In early September 2005, Chirac suffered an event that his doctors described as a "vascular incident". It was officially reported as a "
2250:, Chirac's successor at the Paris city hall, was forced to resign after having been put under investigations in June 1999 on charges of
1698:
14110:
13800:
13420:
11051:
9792:
9108:
8672:
7461:
5955:
5296:
4263:
2912:
to advance in 2002. A poll conducted in 2010 suggested Chirac was the most admired political figure in France, while Sarkozy was 32nd.
9149:
7908:
2136:
Elected as President of the Republic, he refused to discuss the existence of French military bases in Africa, despite requests by the
14080:
11914:
10754:
8942:
7738:
5726:
4619:
2703:
2333:
10945:
10862:
10564:
6517:
5737:
2687:" issues. Chirac continued to be the voice within the G8 summit meetings to support international action to curb global warming and
1678:
opinion, even though it did not correspond with Gaullist doctrine. While the far-right National Front grew, taking advantage of the
14100:
13810:
13805:
10513:
8377:
5964:
5142:
10411:
12795:
10892:
9511:
8996:
7559:
7405:
6059:
3411:
2239:
1075:. In 2011, the Paris court declared Chirac guilty of diverting public funds and abusing public confidence, giving him a two-year
14025:
12192:
10462:
2412:
At the age of 69, Chirac faced his fourth presidential campaign in 2002. He received 20% of the vote in the first ballot of the
1553:, a close friend of the president, and won. As mayor of Paris, Chirac's political influence grew. He held this post until 1995.
10823:
10530:
6706:
5918:
5894:
5111:
4650:
3312:
Chirac has been named in several cases of alleged corruption that occurred during his term as mayor, some of which have led to
2122:
1405:, Chirac played a central role in negotiating a truce. Then, as state secretary of economy (1968â1971), he worked closely with
8539:
7205:
1393:, a stronghold of the left. This surprising victory in the context of a Gaullist ebb permitted him to enter the government as
1249:
960:
771:
14015:
13462:
13413:
8896:
8832:
8497:
8144:
7839:
6269:
6122:
5356:
2018:
1060:
9355:
7439:
6800:
5773:
On 22 July 2003, Jacques Chirac was presented with the inaugural Kuala Lumpur World Peace Award by Malaysian Prime Minister
1417:
After some months in the ministry for Relations with Parliament, Chirac's first high-level post came in 1972 when he became
13348:
12807:
10940:
10496:
8207:
7961:
7621:
7239:
2608:
1990:
10749:
10712:
10581:
10394:
9840:
7761:
13474:
13358:
11023:
11003:
10098:
9558:
7872:
7506:
7291:
6588:
6312:
4557:
1508:
1394:
688:
11942:
10615:
9043:
8036:
7720:
7684:
6619:
2450:
As the left-wing Socialist Party was in thorough disarray following Jospin's defeat, Chirac reorganised politics on the
1207:
Sanskrit teacher in Paris who ended up teaching him Russian; by age 17 Chirac was almost fluent in Russian. Inspired by
13820:
13815:
13737:
10321:
10229:
8078:
6552:
6382:
6285:
4588:
2709:
Chirac espoused a staunchly pro-Moroccan policy, and the already established pro-Moroccan French stances vis-Ă -vis the
2321:
1789:(1913â1997), who had been de Gaulle's and his successors' leading counsellor for African matters, called by journalist
10786:
10646:
10547:
8764:
8472:
7385:
3367:
revealed the astronomical "food expenses" paid by the Parisian municipality (âŹ15 million a year according to the
1997:
1004:
After pursuing these policies in his second term as prime minister, Chirac changed his views. He argued for different
13644:
13640:
13630:
12941:
12667:
12482:
12297:
12100:
10950:
10915:
10846:
10479:
10428:
9953:
9810:
9733:
8622:
8270:
6680:
6576:
5889:
5638:
5172:
4920:
4875:
4321:
4079:
3767:
3581:
2413:
2072:
2037:
1850:
1793:
the "father of all "networks" on the continent, at the time aged 72." Foccart, who had also co-founded the Gaullist
1647:
1438:
1370:
1337:
1072:
1064:
1009:
982:
978:
974:
356:
8017:
7646:
3749:
3563:
3053:
in France and a minute of silence was held nationwide at 15:00. Following the public ceremony, Chirac was buried at
2873:
As a former president of France, he was entitled to a lifetime pension and personal security protection, and was an
2332:
decommissioned in 2000 after 37 years of service, leaving the French Navy with no aircraft carrier until 2001, when
2094:
himself. Ultimately, he obtained more votes than Balladur in the first round (20.8 per cent), and then defeated the
12252:
9926:
9044:"BBC World Service: "Letter from Paris â John Laurenson on Claude Chirac's crucial but understated electoral role""
7178:
7081:
Appleton, Andrew (1992). "Maastricht and the French Party System: Domestic Implications of the Treaty Referendum".
4434:
4154:
2467:
2370:
taxiing toward the terminal when the jet had to stop and wait for Flight 4590 to take off. The departing plane, an
2217:
1901:
1854:
1723:
1683:
1670:
1418:
1033:
970:
408:
11369:
9533:
2307:, and the highest echelons of the French justice system declared that he could not be inculpated while in office.
1726:, Mitterrand (PS) appointed Chirac prime minister (though many in Mitterrand's inner circle lobbied him to choose
785:
13865:
13840:
13326:
12771:
11880:
10689:
10663:
8917:
7560:"France's § 2.8 billion aid package unlikely to bring quick fix : Alstom bailout may be long haul"
6654:
6400:
5606:
4988:
4661:
4057:
3741:
3599:
3555:
3288:
3214:
3187:
for peace, for commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Hiroshima with atomic bomb tests in the Pacific (1996).
2878:
2648:
on 14 July 2006. However, Israeli Army Radio later reported that Chirac had secretly told Israeli prime minister
2347:
2137:
1971:
1315:
14020:
10598:
10445:
6139:
3681:
Mayor of Paris: 1977â95 (Resignation, became President of the French Republic in 1995). Reelected in 1983, 1989.
3078:, proposing methods to quell Gallic unrest to elderly, old-style Roman politicians. Chirac was also featured in
2897:. During the Didier Schuller affair, the latter accused Hariri of having participated in illegal funding of the
2004:
13870:
11061:
10872:
10707:
9772:
5510:
5081:
4061:
3745:
3559:
2963:
2792:
2786:
1975:
1893:(1960â1993), although the latter was being called a "thief" by the local population. Chirac then declared that
1319:
13002:
12140:
11987:
11947:
10728:
9410:"ENTIDADES ESTRANGEIRAS AGRACIADAS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS - PĂĄgina Oficial das Ordens HonorĂficas Portuguesas"
7992:
1494:
1406:
205:
13845:
11962:
11907:
10854:
10796:
10776:
10314:
7148:
6495:
6057:
Privatization Is Essential, Chirac Warns Socialists: Resisting Global Currents, France Sticks to Being French
5092:
4599:
4205:
3906:
2130:
1771:
1766:
during such demonstrations (e.g., maybe explaining part of the decision to "promulgate without applying" the
716:
10201:
10172:
8646:
7898:
14035:
13995:
13436:
12843:
10766:
10337:
9325:
7618:
5265:
3396:
2765:
2603:
Despite British and American pressure, Chirac threatened to veto, at that given point, a resolution in the
2474:
2455:
2327:
1986:
1464:
announced his candidacy in spite of the disapproval of the "Pompidolians". Chirac and others published the
700:
13446:
4537:
2393:
2371:
1826:
1369:
caught on in French political circles, where it also referred to his abrasive manner. As late as the 1988
14105:
14050:
12879:
10935:
9577:
Bell, David S., Erwin C. Hargrove, and Kevin Theakston. "Skill in context: A comparison of politicians."
8427:"INTERVIEW - Chirac juge "sympathique" sa marionnette des Guignols, actualité Médias 2.0 : Le Point"
8327:
7117:
5707:
5541:
4864:
4805:
4712:
4465:
4297:
4284:
4188:
2955:
2796:
2782:
2634:
2442:
wrote that Chirac "is the most unpopular occupant of the Elysée Palace in the fifth republic's history."
1890:
1794:
1679:
1093:
17:
11690:
10887:
7051:
6823:
6763:
2652:
that France would support an Israeli invasion of Syria and the overthrow of the government of President
1401:
1940, he was more of a "Pompidolian" than a "Gaullist". When student and worker unrest rocked France in
13850:
13755:
13732:
13548:
13468:
13456:
12891:
12819:
12747:
12437:
12365:
12145:
11972:
11119:
11094:
7000:
5387:
5203:
4926:
4743:
3427:
During April and May 2006, Chirac's administration was beset by a crisis as his chosen prime minister,
3297:
3292:
2946:
2663:
2463:
2428:(FN), who came in 200,000 votes ahead of Jospin. All parties other than the National Front (except for
1790:
1687:
1560:, while providing incentives for businesses to stay in Paris. His opponents contend that he installed "
1005:
682:
12766:
12635:
12450:
12265:
12068:
6930:
6904:
6745:
6169:
5429:
5061:
4445:
12855:
12216:
11738:
11124:
7528:
6348:
6172:[Death file â year 2019] (in French). National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies.
5019:
4785:
4414:
4221:
3097:
2830:
2804:
2641:
had been reconfigured to include the ability to make a tactical strike in retaliation for terrorism.
2366:
after they landed at Charles de Gaulle International Airport. The first couple were in an Air France
2342:
After François Mitterrand left office in 1995, Chirac began a rapprochement with NATO by joining the
2262:
of Paris affairs (related to the illegal financing of the RPR). Tiberi was finally expelled from the
2225:
1767:
1731:
1076:
1037:
11542:
11469:
11013:
7359:
4844:
260:
14030:
13835:
13341:
13282:
12735:
12527:
12316:
12119:
11900:
11874:
11134:
11099:
10088:
10031:
9980:
8060:
6087:
5448:
4774:
4495:
3730:
3544:
3232:
3125:
3050:
2577:
2205:
2095:
1758:
1750:
1498:
1381:
1188:
947:
141:
10925:
9764:
Paroles de président. Jacques Chirac (1995-2003) et le discours présidentiel sous la Ve République
9723:
9674:
National interests and European integration: Discourse and politics of Blair, Chirac and Schroeder
9651:
Knapp, Andrew. "Jacques Chirac: Surviving without Leading?." in David Bell and John Gaffney, eds.
9598:
9233:
7021:
6854:
6196:
5490:
5122:
4999:
4383:
4181:
1873:, against the opinion of Pasqua, SĂ©guin and a majority of the RPR voters, who chose to vote "no".
1211:, Chirac started to pursue a civil service career in the 1950s. During this period, he joined the
1172:, behind his father's back he went off to serve for three months as a sailor on a coal-transport.
13785:
13591:
13511:
12712:
11923:
11259:
10436:
9251:
8599:
7831:
7597:
5929:
4630:
4526:
4403:
4198:
4171:
4050:
3734:
3548:
3362:
3332:
and the communal debt, were thwarted by the legal impossibility of questioning him as president.
3258:
2995:
2710:
2619:
2576:
in 2003 during the organisation and deployment of American and British forces participating in a
2425:
2343:
2231:
Cohabitation significantly weakened the power of Chirac's presidency. The French president, by a
1964:
1625:
1308:
1281:
1056:
31:
11675:
9278:"Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunnan suurristin ketjuineen ulkomaalaiset saajat - Ritarikunnat"
8791:
7476:
3007:
2496:
where Alstom was given âŹ1 billion in contracts and promises of future investment in China.
1686:, he signed an electoral pact with the Giscardian (and more or less Christian Democratic) party
1159:
13480:
12831:
12686:
12574:
12550:
12501:
12389:
12342:
12180:
12168:
11597:
10995:
10628:
10345:
10123:
9828:
9474:
6111:
5583:
5214:
4957:
4937:
4830:
4754:
3702:
3323:
region where Chirac had held his seat as deputy), as well as a lack of financial transparency (
3254:
2898:
2702:
was named Jacques Chirac Street in November 2019 in celebration of Chirac's efforts to bolster
2454:, establishing a new party â initially called the Union of the Presidential Majority, then the
2363:
2263:
2111:
1655:
1212:
1184:
990:
966:
801:
694:
676:
298:
13112:
13097:
13062:
12311:
12114:
10745:
10218:
10193:
10165:
10148:
10051:
8971:
8110:
7823:
4568:
2915:
On 11 April 2008, Chirac's office announced that he had undergone successful surgery to fit a
2401:
2198:
1659:
1582:
122:
13667:
13567:
13212:
13207:
11813:
11788:
11743:
11715:
11081:
10676:
10376:
9299:
8679:
8412:
Peter Baxter, "The cinema of Jacques Chirac: governing the French film industry, 1995â2007."
6642:
Prime Minister Chirac, whose abrasive manner once earned him the nickname "the Bulldozer,"...
5757:
5234:
4164:
4140:
3992:
3428:
3054:
2931:
2814:
2612:
2581:
2181:
1727:
1546:
1461:
942:; 29 November 1932 – 26 September 2019) was a French politician who served as
657:
486:
107:
13573:
10985:
10960:
9846:
6110:
4010:
3998:
3435:, a top level French spy, for a secret investigation into Villepin's chief political rival,
2011:
1722:
When the RPR/UDF right-wing coalition won a slight majority in the National Assembly in the
969:, entering politics shortly thereafter. Chirac occupied various senior positions, including
13795:
13790:
13661:
13232:
13122:
12759:
12593:
12247:
11808:
11204:
11179:
11154:
11139:
11129:
11109:
11089:
11038:
10155:
9448:
6261:
Jacques Chirac authentique : la biographie inédite du Ve Président de la Ve République
6045:
5663:
5479:
4237:
4231:
4146:
4118:
3947:
3826:
3031:
3019:
2769:
2615:
acquired much of his popularity for his speech against the war at the United Nations (UN).
2516:, underwent psychiatric testing; the violent far-right group with which he was associated,
2091:
1894:
1363:, and referred to him as "my bulldozer" for his skill at getting things done. The nickname
102:
13247:
10877:
10782:
9658:
Levy, Jonah, Alistair Cole, and Patrick Le GalĂšs. "From Chirac to Sarkozy. A New France."
9581:
29.3 (1999): 528â548; comparison of George Bush (US), John Major (UK), and Jacques Chirac.
8180:"Jacques Chirac breaks four-year silence on Nicolas Sarkozy to criticise French president"
7734:
5367:
5307:
3873:
1482:
1231:â which led him to be questioned when he applied for his first visa to the United States.
8:
13334:
13237:
13162:
12783:
12610:
12598:
12401:
12240:
12235:
12228:
11937:
11439:
11349:
11224:
10555:
10453:
10402:
10058:
8673:"Out of Area or Out of Reach? European Military Support for Operations in Southwest Asia"
8453:
Quand Jacques Chirac était la cible de chansons contestataires et drÎles, en sept vidéos
7715:
7696:
5986:
4681:
4372:
3812:
3688:
3643:
3081:
2979:
2971:
2927:
2845:
not to orient his campaign so as to include themes traditionally associated with Le Pen.
2760:
was held in France to decide whether the country should ratify the proposed treaty for a
2604:
1675:
1598:
1516:
1427:
1262:
1099:
943:
66:
13187:
13177:
12545:
12039:
11838:
11793:
11504:
11459:
11444:
11394:
11364:
11299:
11164:
10521:
10504:
9409:
5950:
5459:
5183:
4723:
3962:
2975:
2623:
2565:
2541:
2243:
2168:
1926:
1223:, and took part in meetings of a communist cell. In 1950, he signed the Soviet-inspired
13536:
13262:
13057:
12952:
12850:
12790:
12413:
11957:
11344:
11279:
11071:
10975:
10965:
10930:
9963:
8360:"Andorran government announces three-day national mourning over Jacques Chirac's death"
8332:
7962:"Rivals in open warfare after Chirac's stroke raises stakes in succession fight battle"
7098:
6936:
6624:
6453:
5418:
5152:
5106:
4816:
4253:
3892:
3832:
3820:
3801:
3440:
3359:, a close friend of Chirac, were also criticised. Furthermore, the satirical newspaper
2253:
2064:
1550:
1402:
1243:
401:
13971:
Recipients of the Grand Star of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
13673:
13597:
13277:
13137:
13092:
13042:
12992:
12742:
11848:
11818:
11547:
11532:
11514:
11434:
11389:
11374:
10980:
9503:
7567:
7409:
6056:
4247:
4215:
3974:
3917:
2901:'s political campaigns, but the judge closed the case without further investigations.
2185:
1865:
1359:. This appointment launched Chirac's political career. Pompidou considered Chirac his
13742:
13579:
13305:
13287:
13222:
13067:
13032:
13012:
12910:
12886:
12754:
12707:
12622:
12617:
12581:
12557:
12420:
12372:
12199:
11833:
11823:
11723:
11705:
11572:
11494:
11454:
11409:
11274:
10897:
10685:
9946:
9936:
9917:
9806:
9778:
9768:
9729:
9423:
7903:
7894:
7835:
7455:
7090:
6999:â Le prĂ©sident a poursuivi une politique privilĂ©giant les hommes forts au pouvoir.",
6768:
6572:
6548:
6445:
6378:
6265:
6118:
5697:
5521:
5050:
3452:
3356:
3280:
3209:
3195:
2991:
2909:
2882:
2838:
2813:
regarding the contract, and therefore to continue his support for his prime minister
2585:
2549:
2478:
2421:
2224:, soundly defeated Chirac's conservative allies, forcing Chirac into a new period of
1870:
1830:
1711:
1607:
1434:
1398:
1208:
1204:
1068:
993:(RPR). Chirac's internal policies initially included lower tax rates, the removal of
829:
446:
389:
12586:
12425:
12384:
12211:
12204:
11695:
11419:
11239:
11046:
11008:
7667:
Stefano Recchia, "Did Chirac Say"'Non'"? Revisiting UN Diplomacy on Iraq, 2002-03."
6014:
4016:
2519:
2431:
2397:
1615:
13769:
13727:
13722:
13609:
13374:
13127:
13102:
13087:
13037:
12944:
12874:
12802:
12778:
12699:
12605:
12514:
12396:
12329:
12175:
12132:
11733:
11474:
11464:
11314:
10920:
10703:
10572:
8892:
8824:
8141:
6437:
5933:
5774:
4692:
4130:
3862:
3655:
Elected in 1967, reelected in 1968, 1973, 1976, 1981, 1986, 1988, 1993: Member for
3470:
3466:
3403:, was sentenced to a 14-month suspended prison sentence for the same case in 2004.
2983:
2866:
2800:
2735:
2699:
2668:
2645:
2163:
2126:
1908:
1818:
1356:
1269:
1224:
1128:
1048:
885:
879:
853:
564:
13356:
13197:
13047:
12008:
11783:
11429:
11414:
11404:
11379:
11339:
11149:
10254:
8328:"Jacques Chirac, French President Who Championed European Identity, Is Dead at 86"
6931:"Mitterrand beats Giscard; Socialist victory reverses trend of 23 years in France"
6875:"La "Cruella" de la droite revient... Marie-France Garaud taclera-t-elle Sarkozy?"
6490:
3027:
2420:(PS) in the second round of elections; instead, Chirac faced far-right politician
2078:
1814:
1477:
1218:
985:, he unsuccessfully ran for president as the standard-bearer for the conservative
545:
50:
13636:
13585:
13517:
13505:
13272:
13202:
13017:
12982:
11952:
11700:
11630:
11582:
11399:
11384:
11359:
11354:
11334:
11329:
11319:
11304:
11294:
11284:
11269:
11234:
11214:
11194:
11189:
11159:
10792:
10772:
10239:
10209:
10183:
10068:
9762:
9746:
9605:
9351:
9136:
9085:
9080:
8978:
8924:
8653:
8629:
8606:
8186:
8167:
8148:
8117:
8098:
8043:
8024:
7691:
7625:
7392:
7366:
7340:
7267:
7235:
6790:
6404:
6063:
6019:
5030:
4506:
4126:
4022:
3980:
3838:
3436:
3432:
3273:
3136:
criticized Chirac's declarations on the "noise and smell" of immigrant families.
2905:
2842:
2684:
2653:
2638:
2630:
2589:
2513:
2489:
1912:
1786:
1763:
1486:
1355:
In April 1962, Chirac was appointed head of the personal staff of Prime Minister
1134:
930:
847:
134:
12838:
12223:
11728:
11324:
11264:
11244:
11209:
11028:
10815:
10487:
9014:"The troubled daughter of a French President, hidden away for decades, has died"
8203:
8161:"'Impetuous, disloyal, and un-French': Chirac attempts coup de grace on Sarkozy"
7969:
6996:
5552:
4352:
3668:
President of the General Council of CorrĂšze: 1970â1979. Reelected in 1973, 1976.
3469:
assistant and personal adviser to her father, while Laurence, who suffered from
3003:
2416:
in April 2002. It had been expected that he would face incumbent prime minister
1829:, leading to the deaths of 19 militants. He allegedly refused any alliance with
1808:
1167:
1151:
1067:, he won 82.2% of the vote in the second round against the far-right candidate,
1059:, and his reduction of the presidential term from seven years to five through a
13405:
13315:
13252:
13217:
13182:
13077:
12997:
12862:
12562:
12432:
12377:
11992:
11858:
11768:
11748:
11645:
11635:
11625:
11620:
11610:
11484:
11449:
10970:
10955:
10637:
10538:
10385:
10292:
10225:
10024:
10004:
9973:
9758:
5691:
4520:
3956:
3481:
3392:
3287:
The Osirak deal became a controversy again in 2002â2003, when an international
3250:
3221:
3184:
3074:
2999:
2987:
2967:
2935:
2904:
In Volume 2 of his memoirs published in June 2011, Chirac mocked his successor
2803:, one of the poorest communes in Paris' suburbs, Chirac retracted the proposed
2695:" and called for serious action by the world's leading industrialised nations.
2688:
2680:
2657:
2593:
2569:
2557:
2545:
2537:
2459:
2359:
2311:
employees â the total number of the people he employed simultaneously was 963.
2291:
2156:
2151:
2115:
1861:
1836:
1802:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1594:
1538:
1457:
1258:
1228:
1143:
994:
951:
751:
236:
217:
172:
13499:
13267:
11798:
11650:
11640:
11615:
11577:
11184:
10470:
10419:
10133:
9610:
Drake, Helen. "Jacques chirac's balancing acts: The French right and Europe."
7868:
7386:
CIA â The World Factbook â Rank Order â Military expenditures â percent of GDP
5677:
3986:
3400:
2679:
met to discuss international energy concerns. Despite the rising awareness of
2303:
of Chirac, Chirac refused to attend court in response to his summons by judge
2107:
1922:
92:
13931:
Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
13779:
13257:
13142:
13072:
13027:
13022:
12987:
12962:
12814:
12730:
12522:
12408:
12360:
12187:
11853:
11803:
11778:
11763:
11758:
11670:
11660:
11605:
11309:
11254:
11249:
11229:
11219:
11199:
11174:
11018:
10907:
10606:
10041:
9990:
9902:
9782:
8716:
7932:"Minor stroke puts Chirac in hospital but he hangs on to reins of government"
7094:
6449:
6441:
6231:
3968:
3900:
3881:
3844:
3462:
3336:
2888:
2532:
2438:
2417:
2099:
2087:
1822:
1738:
1703:
1669:
After the May 1981 presidential election, the right also lost the subsequent
1542:
1028:
1013:
998:
747:
510:
229:
184:
97:
13394:
13389:
11665:
10108:
8297:"Former French President Jacques Chirac is hospitalized with lung infection"
8122:
8046:
by John Leicester, Associated Press, 11 March 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
4968:
2622:'s death on 5 February 2005, Chirac gave him tribute and supported his son,
13227:
13172:
13147:
13107:
13082:
12977:
12972:
12055:
12044:
11828:
11552:
11537:
11524:
11509:
11479:
11424:
11289:
11104:
10354:
10272:
9863:
9688:
Political leaders of contemporary Western Europe: a biographical dictionary
9180:
8658:
8468:
7824:"Diplomatic Struggle in Africa and Europe over the Western Sahara Conflict"
6960:"Jacques Chirac promulgue la loi sur le CPE, mais repousse son application"
6828:
6317:
5602:
5571:
5412:
4289:
4112:
4004:
3491:
3385:
3377:
3199:
3039:
3035:
2959:
2894:
2858:
2826:
2505:
2304:
2194:
2189:
2060:
1817:
when Chirac won the 1995 presidential election. Furthermore, confronted by
1707:
1590:
1524:
1277:
1052:
1041:
13986:
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 1st class
11587:
11499:
11489:
10654:
9207:
7118:"Jacques Chirac, Who Led France Envisioning European Unity, Is Dead at 86"
3850:
1929:. When Nicolas Sarkozy became president in 2007, Juppé was one of the few
13310:
13152:
13052:
12034:
12013:
11843:
11680:
11655:
11169:
11144:
11114:
10721:
10696:
10589:
10014:
9130:
French leaders featured in extramarital affair website billboard campaign
7638:
5443:
4150:
4122:
3856:
3509:
3477:
3422:
3103:
3043:
3015:
3011:
2734:
project was born. Today the organisation's executive board is chaired by
2649:
2247:
2221:
1715:
1646:
Chirac made his first run for president against Giscard d'Estaing in the
1561:
1423:
1237:
1176:
811:
766:
290:
7672:
7182:
7102:
6457:
6425:
2405:
13603:
13542:
13242:
13167:
13117:
13007:
12826:
12665:
12569:
12480:
12295:
12098:
11685:
10306:
10282:
9887:
8075:"Fondation Chirac " The Fondation Chirac Prize for Conflict Prevention"
7793:"Street named in honour of Jacques Chirac at Louvre Abu Dhabi ceremony"
4366:
4064: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3160:
3148:
3023:
2757:
2573:
2451:
2388:
2367:
2145:
1978: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1557:
1360:
1322: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
758:
498:
9854:
8707:
6397:
5649:
5398:
5276:
3684:
Councillor of Paris: 1977â1995 (Resignation). Reelected in 1983, 1989.
3671:
General councillor of CorrĂšze: 1968â88. Reelected in 1970, 1976, 1982.
3656:
2853:
2656:, promising to veto any moves against Israel in the United Nations or
2358:
On 25 July 2000, as Chirac and the first lady were returning from the
1385:
1107:
12967:
8983:
7590:"People's Daily Online â France's Alstom, China ink $ 1.3b contracts"
7317:
5327:
Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg"
4889:
4858:
3204:
3139:
Because of his alleged improprieties, Chirac was lambasted in a song
3107:
2916:
2893:
in Paris lent to him by the family of former Lebanese prime minister
2629:
On 19 January 2006, Chirac said that France was prepared to launch a
2561:
2509:
2493:
2269:
1621:
1026:, allowing for state-directed investment, stood in opposition to the
1023:
7828:
Perspectives on Western Sahara: Myths, Nationalisms, and Geopolitics
4039:
3965:â Minister of State, Minister of Economy, Finance, and Privatisation
3719:
3533:
2228:
with Jospin as prime minister (1997â2002), which lasted five years.
1953:
1825:, Prime Minister Chirac ordered a military intervention against the
1572:
1445:
project due to privacy concerns after its existence was revealed by
1297:
902:
13961:
Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
9176:"The Hollande Affair and the End of Presidential Privacy in France"
8378:"PM Hariri declares day of mourning for Chirac 'friend of Lebanon'"
6795:
6711:
6471:
5751:
5228:
5197:
3301:
2597:
2326:
was decommissioned after 37 years of service, with her sister ship
2290:, which came from companies who had benefited from state deals, to
2280:
1448:
1377:
1200:
1180:
986:
11892:
4013:â Minister of Housing, Equipment, Regional Planning, and Transport
13916:
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
13157:
9835:
9667:
Economic Management and French Business: From de Gaulle to Chirac
8494:
Sinsemilia "Tout le bonheur du monde" et "Bienvenue en Chiraquie"
5960:
5721:
5632:
5597:
5566:
5381:
5259:
5013:
4982:
4799:
4675:
4613:
4582:
4551:
4428:
4335:
3342:
3265:
3069:
2731:
2692:
1877:
1785:
One of his first acts concerning foreign policy was to call back
1730:
instead). This unprecedented power-sharing arrangement, known as
1637:
1456:
Chirac vainly attempted to rally Gaullists behind Prime Minister
1113:
9630:
Gaffney, John. "The Mainstream Right: Chirac and Balladur." in
6343:
6313:"Jacques Chirac verdict welcomed by anti-corruption campaigners"
5337:
2727:
Report of the Technical Group on Innovative Financing Mechanisms
2481:, which left between 80,000 and 90,000 dead, as "unacceptable".
2362:
in Okinawa, Japan, they were placed in a dangerous situation by
2274:
on 18 November 2000: "Jacques Chirac is not my friend anymore".
2266:, Chirac's party, on 12 October 2000, declaring to the magazine
2055:
1860:
For the first time, his leadership over the RPR was challenged.
1016:, after campaigning on a platform of healing the "social rift" (
1012:, with 52.6% of the vote in the second round, beating Socialist
9858:
9823:
8702:
8700:
8400:"Lebanon declares Monday a national day of mourning for Chirac"
5923:
5535:
5351:
5321:
5290:
5166:
5136:
5075:
5044:
4951:
4768:
4737:
4706:
4489:
4459:
4293:
3595:
President of the French Republic: 1995â2007. Reelected in 2002.
3474:
3313:
3269:
2485:
2458:(UMP). The RPR had broken down; a number of members had formed
2175:
2144:. The French Army thus remained in CĂŽte d'Ivoire as well as in
1876:
While he still was mayor of Paris (since 1977), Chirac went to
1442:
1273:
1133:, that of the troubadours, therefore that of poetry". He was a
9565:
Biographical Dictionary of French Political Leaders Since 1870
8111:
Chirac trouve un point de chute Ă Paris chez la famille Hariri
4270:
North Africa Security and Order Operations Commemorative Medal
3971:â Minister of Industry, Tourism, Posts, and Telecommunications
3835:â Minister of Industry, Tourism, Posts, and Telecommunications
1643:
are made of." His rivalry with Giscard d'Estaing intensified.
1430:
agricultural policies which conflicted with French interests.
1183:'s youth team, and also played at university level. He played
888:
862:
13941:
Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
12867:
5504:
5473:
4644:
4397:
3133:
2477:
on 21 July 2005, Chirac described the repression of the 1947
2287:
2180:
Prior to 1995, the French government had maintained that the
1640:
905:
891:
8997:
Caught in deep water: Chirac swims against a tide of scandal
8697:
4342:
Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
3399:, who later served as France's Minister of Foreign Affairs,
3065:
Chirac was a major supporter of the nation's film industry.
14091:
Recipients of the Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay
9326:"H.H. the Amir of Kuwait meets French President 30/11/2006"
7899:"Stung by Voters on EU, Chirac Replaces His Prime Minister"
6227:"The last true Gaullist: how Jacques Chirac charmed France"
3487:
Chirac remained married, but had many other relationships.
2923:
2833:). He recovered and returned to his duties soon afterward.
1612:, which had first been called by Pompidou. Hospitalised in
8887:
8885:
8883:
8881:
7022:"Chirac labels 'racist' Le Pen as threat to nation's soul"
5847:, Paris, ed. Presses universitaires du Nouveau Monde, 2007
4906:
3339:
of the Parisian water system acquired very cheaply by the
3116:('super liar') to get him out of embarrassing situations.
1693:
1593:
policy and made a nationalist turn with the December 1978
1191:. At age 18, his ambition was to become a ship's captain.
997:, strong punishment for crime and terrorism, and business
899:
859:
9646:
The French presidential and legislative elections of 2002
8893:"French ex-President Jacques Chirac guilty of corruption"
8735:"Chirac faces investigation into 'misuse of public cash'"
8712:
Les Scandales de la RĂ©publique. De Panama Ă l'Affaire Elf
3484:, is a foster daughter of Jacques and Bernadette Chirac.
2259:
2246:(PS), won a majority on the city council of the capital.
2240:
scandals about the financing of RPR by Paris municipality
1511:(UDR) against the will of its more senior personalities.
865:
14006:
Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Senegal
9101:"Troubled Chirac's adopted daughter rides to his rescue"
8326:
Clarity, James F.; Tagliabue, John (26 September 2019).
8027:
Associated Press, 11 March 2007. Retrieved 11 March 2007
7116:
Clarity, James F.; Tagliabue, John (26 September 2019).
6518:"Jacques Chirac, former French president, is dead at 86"
5992:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
5796:
La Lueur de l'espérance. Réflexion du soir pour le matin
5668:
Collar of the Order of Etihad (Order of the Federation)
2698:
After Chirac's death in 2019, the street leading to the
1781:
Chirac (centre) during his second term as prime minister
1749:'s Socialist government of 1984â1986, and abolished the
1092:
Jacques René Chirac was born on 29 November 1932 in the
1047:
Chirac was known for his stand against the American-led
10262:
9074:"Chirac's wife tells of anorexic daughter's death wish"
8878:
8142:"France election 2012: Chirac mocks Sarkozy in memoirs"
8085:
6108:
3618:
Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development: 1972â74.
3384:
October 2009, a judge ordered Chirac to stand trial on
2691:
concerns. Chirac warned that "humanity is dancing on a
2676:
2211:
1849:
Chirac ran against Mitterrand for a second time in the
1472:
1350:
1032:
policies of the United Kingdom under the ministries of
12940:
6084:"Jacques Chirac President of France from 1995 to 2007"
2607:
that would authorise the use of military force to rid
2512:, before being overpowered by bystanders. The gunman,
1915:, etc., who supported his candidacy. A small group of
13926:
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
13753:
9717:
Chirac de A Ă Z, dictionnaire critique et impertinent
9344:
8271:"Former French President Jacques Chirac Hospitalized"
7866:
7147:
Rotella, Sebastian; Sicakyuz, Achrene (19 May 2007).
6569:
Chirac de A Ă Z, dictionnaire critique et impertinent
2950:
Chirac's grave in Montparnasse Cemetery, October 2019
2776:
1254:, which trains France's top civil servants, in 1957.
908:
894:
868:
8765:"Le dossier judiciaire de Jacques Chirac s'alourdit"
8714:, Robert Laffon, 2004), "La dérive des affaires" in
8170:, John Lichfield. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011
8057:"Chirac launches foundation 'to awaken consciences'"
8018:
France's Chirac says he will not run for re-election
7826:. In Boukhars, Anouar; Roussellier, Jacques (eds.).
7762:"Jacques Chirac â explorateur du monde multipolaire"
7007:
n°313, October 2006 (special issue on Chirac), p.70
5868:
MĂ©moires : Tome I, Chaque pas doit ĂȘtre un but
3624:
Secretary of State for Economy and Finance: 1968â71.
3388:
charges, dating back to his time as mayor of Paris.
2799:
in autumn 2005 after the death of two young boys in
2725:(published in September 2004) and combined with the
1541:
in Paris, which had been in abeyance since the 1871
1071:, and was the last president to be re-elected until
14076:
Candidates in the 2002 French presidential election
14071:
Candidates in the 1995 French presidential election
14066:
Candidates in the 1988 French presidential election
14061:
Candidates in the 1981 French presidential election
13946:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
8819:
8817:
8059:. Agence France-Presse. 8 June 2008. Archived from
6739:"France more liberalised than social democratized?"
2384:
Jacques Chirac's second term as President of France
1797:militia (dissolved by Mitterrand in 1982 after the
1682:electoral system which had been introduced for the
1125:According to Chirac, his name "originates from the
856:
13991:Grand Knights with Star of the Order of the Falcon
9679:Nester, William R. "President Chirac." in Nester,
6929:
6478:
4007:â Minister of Overseas Departments and Territories
3461:(4 March 1958 – 14 April 2016) and
3439:, in 2004. This matter has been called the second
3089:
2958:on 26 September 2019, surrounded by his family. A
2713:were strengthened during his presidential tenure.
1409:, who headed the ministry of economy and finance.
409:Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development
13981:Recipients of the National Order of Merit (Malta)
10845:
9352:"Kadhafi awards Chirac the Grand Conqueror Medal"
8570:"Jacques Chirac, cinématographique mais pas trop"
7685:Chirac: Nuclear Response to Terrorism Is Possible
6426:"The Trials and Triumphs of 'Egocentric Buffalo'"
2704:links between France and the United Arab Emirates
2462:breakaways. While the Giscardian liberals of the
2277:After the publication of the Jean-Claude MĂ©ry by
1869:called for a "yes" vote in the referendum on the
1844:
1573:Struggle for the right-wing leadership: 1976â1986
13936:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Pope Pius IX
13921:Grand Crosses of the Order of Vytautas the Great
13777:
13435:
8814:
8706:Jean Guarrigues, professor at the University of
8540:"Bernard Le Coq dans la peau du retraité Chirac"
8325:
7735:"France Urged Israel to Invade Syria During War"
7149:"Sarkozy's team is small in size, wide in scope"
7115:
4835:First Class of the Order of the Grand Conqueror
3612:Prime minister: 1974â76 (Resignation) / 1986â88.
3175:as a political gesture, before being cut early.
2934:, Chirac was again hospitalised in Paris with a
2637:against French interests. He said his country's
2114:which turned, in NovemberâDecember 1995, into a
1757:) caused a crisis in 1986 when a student called
1268:Chirac trained as a reserve military officer in
518:President of the General Council of CorrĂšze
14096:First Class of the Order of the Star of Romania
14056:State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates
13911:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)
13886:Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
9632:French Presidentialism and the Election of 1995
9139:, 22 October 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
8943:"Chirac Found Guilty in Political Funding Case"
8825:"France: Jacques Chirac corruption trial opens"
7893:
7206:"Chirac Affirms France's Guilt in Fate of Jews"
7146:
5876:Mémoires : Tome II, Le Temps présidentiel
5844:Le Développement du port de la Nouvelle-Orléans
3627:Secretary of State for Social Affairs: 1967â68.
3465:(born 6 December 1962). Claude was a long-term
2470:that followed the presidential poll with ease.
950:from 1974 to 1976 and 1986 to 1988, as well as
14116:Members of the Constitutional Council (France)
9894:Delegate Minister for Parliamentary Relations
8240:"Jacques Chirac in hospital with 'acute gout'"
7521:
7019:
5807:(With Alain Berger), Paris, ed. Albatros, 1984
3650:
3621:Minister of Relation with Parliament: 1971â72.
2865:Shortly after leaving office, he launched the
2466:(UDF) had moved to the right, the UMP won the
1433:On 27 February 1974, after the resignation of
1412:
14086:Heads of government who were later imprisoned
13901:Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
13856:French military personnel of the Algerian War
13421:
13342:
12926:
12651:
12466:
12281:
12084:
11908:
10831:
10322:
9557:(Infobase Publishing, 2007), short biography
8600:"The Chirac Doctrine: France's Iraq-war plan"
6764:"Chirac Named French Premier; Cabinet Picked"
6707:"Safari et la (nouvelle) chasse aux Français"
6197:"Jacques Chirac, French president, 1932-2019"
6109:Giavazzi, Francesco; Alberto Alesina (2006).
2752:Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe
1194:
601:
30:"Chirac" redirects here. For other uses, see
12060:
9868:
9798:
9790:
9750:
9739:
9721:
9715:
9618:
9585:
9212:Secrétariat général du Gouvernement du Bénin
8623:"1981: Israel bombs Baghdad nuclear reactor"
7711:"France Criticizes Israel Attack on Lebanon"
7557:
5874:
5866:
5858:
5850:
5842:
5834:
5826:
5818:
5810:
5802:
5794:
5786:
4896:Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
3515:
3507:
3368:
3360:
3348:
3340:
3324:
3318:
3307:
3225:
3154:
3146:
3140:
3111:
3095:
3094:Jacques Chirac was a favourite character of
3079:
2886:
2848:
2808:
2748:2005 French European Constitution referendum
2568:, Chirac emerged as a leading voice against
2517:
2429:
2346:and attempting to negotiate a return to the
2295:
2278:
2267:
2251:
2176:State responsibility for the roundup of Jews
2076:
1930:
1916:
1907:Chirac instead suggested the appointment of
1881:
1834:
1806:
1613:
1531:
1502:
1446:
1388:
1384:in 1967. He was elected deputy for his home
1364:
1247:
1235:
1216:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1141:
1126:
1117:
1112:. His great-grandparents on both sides were
1105:
1097:
1017:
958:
13966:Recipients of the Cross for Military Valour
13891:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles
13881:Grand Cross of the Ordre national du MĂ©rite
9683:(Palgrave Macmillan 2014) pp. 151â172.
9653:The presidents of the French Fifth Republic
9572:Presidential Power in Fifth Republic France
8918:"Jacques Chirac found guilty of corruption"
8856:"Jacques Chirac trial faces further delays"
8789:
8303:. Agence France-Presse. 18 September 2016.
8092:"Chirac found guilty on corruption charges"
6744:. Chercheur CNRS au CEVIPOF. Archived from
6257:
3977:â Minister of Employment and Social Affairs
3841:â Minister of Employment and Social Affairs
3748:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3562:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3506:, a short geography/economic thesis to the
2609:Iraq of alleged weapons of mass destruction
1624:, an intellectual who would later join the
1082:
14011:Knights of the Order of Agricultural Merit
13906:Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry
13428:
13414:
13349:
13335:
12933:
12919:
12658:
12644:
12473:
12459:
12288:
12274:
12091:
12077:
11915:
11901:
10838:
10824:
10329:
10315:
9655:(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013). pp 159â180.
7993:"France's New Five-Year Presidential Term"
7315:"Rien ne va plus entre Chirac et Tiberi",
6732:
6730:
5956:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
5788:Discours pour la France Ă l'heure du choix
4967:
3504:The Development of the Port of New-Orleans
2941:
1935:to serve in François Fillon's government.
1567:
1376:At Pompidou's suggestion, Chirac ran as a
965:, Chirac began his career as a high-level
311:5 December 1976 â 4 November 1994
49:
14041:People convicted of misusing public funds
10808:Acting presidents are denoted by italics.
9150:"First lady tells of Chirac's infidelity"
8732:
8238:Marszal, Andrew, ed. (17 February 2014).
8151:, BBC. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011
7360:La suite du testament de Jean-Claude MĂ©ry
7290:(in French). 16 July 1995. Archived from
6857:, "Vous avez dit bonapartiste ?" in
6264:(in French). FeniXX réédition numérique.
6078:
6076:
5985:
5945:
5943:
5727:Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay
4620:Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary
4080:Learn how and when to remove this message
3926:
3768:Learn how and when to remove this message
3646:: 1979â80 (Resignation). Elected in 1979.
3606:
3582:Learn how and when to remove this message
3416:
3145:('Chirac in prison') by French punk band
2741:
2524:, was thence administratively dissolved.
2377:
2216:In 1997, Chirac dissolved parliament for
2129:in 1995, a few months before signing the
2038:Learn how and when to remove this message
1938:
1497:became president, he nominated Chirac as
1338:Learn how and when to remove this message
1287:
1148:, a private school. He then attended the
1116:in the rural south-western region of the
1040:, which Chirac described as "Anglo-Saxon
14046:Politicians of the French Fifth Republic
13951:Officers of the National Order of Quebec
10336:
9757:
9404:
9402:
8940:
8268:
8037:Chirac Leaving Stage Admired and Scorned
7929:
7821:
7080:
6991:
6989:
6987:
6985:
6310:
5143:Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
4283:
4019:â Minister for Relations with Parliament
3995:â Minister of Culture and Communications
3780:
2945:
2852:
2662:
2531:
2499:
2387:
2197:, which it did not recognise. President
2162:
2150:
2075:, Chirac criticised the "sole thought" (
2054:
1943:
1776:
1697:
1576:
1476:
1022:). Chirac's economic policies, based on
13831:Ăcole nationale d'administration alumni
9801:Presses Universitaires du Nouveau Monde
9793:La Nouvelle-Orléans et son port en 1954
9098:
8510:"Jacques Chirac au cinéma, ce sera lui"
8237:
7990:
7020:de Quetteville, Harry (25 April 2002).
6761:
6727:
6705:Manache, Jean-Marc (23 December 2010).
6704:
6617:
6494:(in French). 8 May 1995. Archived from
6140:"Chirac gets 2-year suspended sentence"
6113:The Future of Europe: Reform Or Decline
3412:Corruption scandals in the Paris region
2552:and other state leaders in Moscow, 2005
2392:Chirac greets the President of Brazil,
1694:Prime Minister of Mitterrand: 1986â1988
1662:, who was elected by a broad majority.
1628:, as director of his campaigns for the
1257:In the United States, Chirac worked at
421:7 July 1972 â 27 February 1974
369:27 February 1974 â 28 May 1974
14:
13896:Collars of the Order of the White Lion
13861:French politicians convicted of crimes
13778:
9623:: studying the 1997â2002 experience."
9534:"Chirac receives KL World Peace Award"
9375:
9373:
9208:"Décret N° 1996-41 du 08 février 1996"
8853:
8792:"Frances Chirac Ordered to Face Trial"
8636:, BBC News. Retrieved 5 September 2008
8469:"Chirac en prison - Vidéo Dailymotion"
8340:from the original on 26 September 2019
8307:from the original on 18 September 2016
7848:from the original on 27 September 2021
7790:
7759:
7460:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
7395:. Cia.gov. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
7203:
7128:from the original on 26 September 2019
6821:
6618:Markham, James M. (28 February 1988).
6430:French Politics, Culture & Society
6398:Famous Ruggers by Wes Clark and others
6391:
6372:
6258:Boué-Merrac, Pierre (1 January 1995).
6194:
6073:
5940:
5112:Grand Collar of the State of Palestine
4680:Grand Knight's Cross with Star of the
4651:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
3636:
3276:, designed to test nuclear materials.
2626:, who has since succeeded his father.
2560:(whom he called "a personal friend"),
2167:Chirac with German federal chancellor
1276:. He then volunteered to fight in the
1246:'s summer school, before entering the
530:15 March 1970 â 25 March 1979
13976:Recipients of the Heydar Aliyev Order
13463:National Centre of Social Republicans
13409:
13330:
12914:
12639:
12454:
12269:
12072:
12059:
11896:
10819:
10310:
9867:
9767:(in French). Paris: Honoré Champion.
9612:South European Society & Politics
9399:
9024:from the original on 6 September 2017
8953:from the original on 15 December 2011
8941:Erlanger, Steven (15 December 2011).
8899:from the original on 15 December 2011
8847:
8580:from the original on 11 December 2019
8550:from the original on 30 November 2019
8475:from the original on 30 November 2021
8277:from the original on 11 December 2015
8137:
8135:
7991:Duhamel, Olivier (30 November 2001).
7236:"France opens WW2 Vichy regime files"
7062:from the original on 14 December 2019
6982:
6905:"Chirac, ex-ally, challenges Giscard"
6848:
6419:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6368:
6366:
6086:. Bonjourlafrance.net. Archived from
5900:MusĂ©e du Quai Branly â Jacques Chirac
5863:, Paris, ed. Desclée de Brouwer, 2008
5357:State Prize of the Russian Federation
3695:
3631:
3615:Minister of Interior: MarchâMay 1974.
3510:Institut d'Ătudes Politiques de Paris
3244:
3190:
3132:("anarchy in Chirac-land"). In 1995,
2188:instituted a new French State during
2102:in the second round (52.6 per cent).
1805:, and who was a key component of the
1441:. On 21 March 1974, he cancelled the
1373:, Chirac maintained this reputation.
1242:, he attended a non-credit course at
946:from 1995 to 2007. He was previously
929:
732:
476:7 January 1971 â 5 July 1972
197:27 May 1974 â 25 August 1976
27:President of France from 1995 to 2007
13956:Recipients of the Aeronautical Medal
9381:"Tildelinger av ordener og medaljer"
9054:from the original on 15 January 2009
8745:from the original on 18 January 2009
8733:Lichfield, John (22 November 2007).
8520:from the original on 18 January 2021
8210:from the original on 27 October 2021
8193:. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011
7942:from the original on 4 December 2011
7539:from the original on 13 October 2007
7487:from the original on 1 December 2016
7477:"Concorde: the unanswered questions"
7242:from the original on 9 November 2017
7216:from the original on 7 December 2017
6542:
6423:
6195:Graham, Robert (26 September 2019).
4062:adding citations to reliable sources
4033:
3746:adding citations to reliable sources
3713:
3675:
3560:adding citations to reliable sources
3527:
3300:, despite French involvement in the
3298:opposition to starting a war in Iraq
3264:), Chirac made an official visit to
3086:as an overexcited, jumpy character.
2829:" or a mild stroke (also known as a
2633:against any country that sponsors a
2242:. In 2001, the left, represented by
1976:adding citations to reliable sources
1947:
1921:would remain with Chirac, including
1473:Prime Minister of Giscard: 1974â1976
1320:adding citations to reliable sources
1291:
1087:
465:Minister for Parliamentary Relations
249:20 March 1977 â 16 May 1995
154:20 March 1986 â 10 May 1988
13876:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
13475:Union of Democrats for the Republic
13359:Union of Democrats for the Republic
11922:
10099:Union of Democrats for the Republic
9847:Some of Jacques Chirac's quotations
9514:from the original on 8 January 2021
9370:
7897:; Sicakyuz, Achrene (1 June 2005).
7803:from the original on 30 August 2020
7791:Dajani, Haneen (11 November 2019).
7772:from the original on 1 October 2019
7619:Chirac escapes lone gunman's bullet
6836:from the original on 26 August 2013
6655:"Valéry Giscard d'Estaing obituary"
6599:from the original on 1 October 2020
6524:from the original on 1 October 2020
6325:from the original on 1 October 2020
6292:from the original on 1 October 2020
6207:from the original on 1 October 2020
6176:from the original on 1 January 2021
5967:from the original on 22 August 2019
5696:Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the
5297:Order "For Merit to the Fatherland"
4558:Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
4092:
3523:
3490:Chirac was a close friend of actor
2488:. In October 2004, Chirac signed a
2222:joined by other parties on the left
1589:In 1978, Chirac attacked Giscard's
1509:Union of Democrats for the Republic
1234:In 1953, after graduating from the
24:
14001:Order of the White Rose of Finland
13826:Ministers of agriculture of France
13738:Gaullism, a way forward for France
10230:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
9694:
9634:(Routledge, 2018) pp. 99â115.
9627:(2002) 10#3 pp 297â31, in English.
9547:
9424:"Korea's Grand Order of Mugunghwa"
9066:
9036:
8592:
8498:Institut national de l'audiovisuel
8429:. 13 December 2009. Archived from
8250:from the original on 24 March 2016
8132:
7999:from the original on 20 April 2017
7968:. 6 September 2005. Archived from
7930:Willsher, Kim (4 September 2005).
7875:from the original on 22 April 2021
7741:from the original on 5 August 2019
7159:from the original on 24 March 2020
6762:Meisler, Stanley (21 March 1986).
6736:
6410:
6363:
6311:Willsher, Kim (15 December 2011).
6137:
4589:Order of the White Rose of Finland
4279:
3953:AndrĂ© Giraud â Minister of Defence
3662:
3455:, with whom he had two daughters:
3119:
3060:
2777:2005 civil unrest and CPE protests
2762:Constitution of the European Union
1199:At age 16, Chirac wanted to learn
1053:collaborationist French government
79:17 May 1995 â 16 May 2007
25:
14127:
14111:21st-century presidents of France
13801:20th-century presidents of France
12668:2002 French presidential election
12483:1995 French presidential election
12298:1988 French presidential election
12101:1981 French presidential election
9816:
9188:from the original on 28 June 2019
9156:from the original on 28 June 2019
9099:Bremner, Charles (21 July 2005).
8866:from the original on 9 March 2011
8835:from the original on 8 March 2011
7911:from the original on 3 April 2010
7760:Duclos, Michel (1 October 2019).
7649:from the original on 29 June 2011
7596:. 10 October 2004. Archived from
6970:from the original on 30 July 2021
6803:from the original on 23 July 2020
6632:from the original on 4 March 2016
6561:
6464:
6377:. St Martin's Press. p. 11.
5895:Musée du Président Jacques Chirac
5890:1995 French presidential election
5836:Mon combat pour la France, tome I
5820:Une nouvelle France. RĂ©flexions 1
5799:, Paris, ed. La Table ronde, 1978
5639:Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise
4921:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
4773:Commander Grand Cross with Chain
3931:Further information (in French):
3829:â Minister of Economy and Finance
3785:Further information (in French):
3497:
2527:
2314:
2050:
14081:Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
13763:
11971:
9834:
9822:
9639:Modern & Contemporary France
9625:Modern & Contemporary France
9595:Modern & Contemporary France
9526:
9496:
9467:
9441:
9416:
9358:from the original on 26 May 2021
9318:
9292:
9270:
9244:
9226:
9200:
9168:
9142:
9123:
9092:
9006:
8990:
8965:
8934:
8911:
8802:from the original on 12 May 2013
8783:
8757:
8726:
8720:n° 313, October 2006, pp. 66â71
8665:
8639:
8616:
8576:(in French). 30 September 2019.
8562:
8204:"France's Chirac gets pacemaker"
7474:
7406:"Porte-avions Charles de Gaulle"
7204:Simons, Marlise (17 July 1995).
7181:. Acronym.org.uk. Archived from
7032:from the original on 10 May 2008
6567:Emmanuel Hecht and François Vey
6486:"Jacques Chirac, sabre au clair"
6170:"Fichier des dĂ©cĂšs â annĂ©e 2019"
6150:from the original on 7 June 2021
6102:
5852:Mon combat pour la paix, tome II
5744:
5736:
5714:
5706:
5684:
5676:
5656:
5648:
5625:
5617:
5590:
5582:
5559:
5551:
5528:
5520:
5497:
5489:
5466:
5458:
5436:
5428:
5405:
5397:
5374:
5366:
5344:
5336:
5314:
5306:
5283:
5275:
5252:
5244:
5221:
5213:
5190:
5182:
5159:
5151:
5129:
5121:
5099:
5091:
5068:
5060:
5037:
5029:
5006:
4998:
4975:
4944:
4936:
4913:
4905:
4882:
4874:
4851:
4843:
4823:
4815:
4792:
4784:
4761:
4753:
4730:
4722:
4711:Grand Cordon with Collar of the
4699:
4691:
4668:
4660:
4637:
4629:
4606:
4598:
4575:
4567:
4544:
4536:
4513:
4505:
4482:
4474:
4452:
4444:
4435:Order of the Condor of the Andes
4421:
4413:
4390:
4382:
4359:
4351:
4328:
4320:
4262:
4246:
4230:
4214:
4197:
4180:
4163:
4139:
4111:
4038:
3989:â Minister of National Education
3853:â Minister of National Education
3718:
3600:Constitutional Council of France
3532:
3446:
3239:
3153:, with a video clip made by the
1952:
1900:Nevertheless, the right won the
1813:system, was again called to the
1296:
1250:Ăcole nationale d'administration
961:Ăcole nationale d'administration
884:
852:
784:
14101:Recipients of the Olympic Order
13811:21st-century princes of Andorra
13806:20th-century princes of Andorra
9660:Developments in French politics
9620:La cohabitation de longue durée
8790:Alan Cowell (30 October 2009).
8532:
8502:
8487:
8461:
8445:
8419:
8406:
8392:
8370:
8352:
8319:
8289:
8262:
8231:
8222:
8196:
8173:
8154:
8104:
8067:
8049:
8030:
8011:
7984:
7954:
7923:
7887:
7860:
7815:
7784:
7753:
7727:
7703:
7678:
7661:
7631:
7612:
7582:
7551:
7499:
7468:
7424:
7408:. Netmarine.net. Archived from
7398:
7379:
7353:
7334:"Un témoignage pour l'histoire"
7327:
7309:
7273:
7254:
7228:
7197:
7179:"Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty"
7171:
7140:
7109:
7074:
7044:
7013:
6952:
6922:
6897:
6867:
6861:n°313, October 2006, pp. 60â63
6815:
6783:
6755:
6698:
6673:
6647:
6611:
6581:
6536:
6510:
6337:
6304:
6278:
6251:
6219:
6188:
6162:
5879:, Paris, ed. NiL Ăditions, 2011
5831:, Paris, ed. NiL Ăditions, 1995
5815:, Paris, ed. Albin Michel, 1988
5780:
4649:Knight Grand Cross with Collar
4587:Grand Cross with Collar of the
4049:needs additional citations for
3791:(27 May 1974 â 25 August 1976)
3480:. A former Vietnamese refugee,
3128:lambasted Chirac in their song
3090:A major fixture of the Guignols
2966:on 30 September, celebrated by
2954:Chirac died at his home in the
2793:student protests in spring 2006
2596:that resulted in the 2003â2011
1963:needs additional citations for
1597:, initiated by his counsellors
1481:Chirac with Romanian president
1307:needs additional citations for
728:
602:§ Offices and distinctions
9593:: No longer a family affair."
9579:Presidential Studies Quarterly
9256:Vabariigi Presidendi Kantselei
9234:"Jacques Chirac (1932 â 2019)"
8854:Samuel, Henry (7 March 2011).
8380:. Ya Libnan. 28 September 2019
8077:. 24 June 2009. Archived from
7719:. 14 July 2006. Archived from
7558:Eric Pfanner (8 August 2003).
6131:
6050:
6035:
6020:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
6007:
5979:
5911:
5855:, Paris, ed. Odile Jacob, 2007
5839:, Paris, ed. Odile Jacob, 2006
5756:Knight with the Collar of the
5511:Order of Isabella the Catholic
5082:Royal Norwegian Order of Merit
4618:Grand Cross with Chain of the
3937:(20 March 1986 â 12 May 1988)
2930:. According to his son-in-law
2787:2006 labour protests in France
2667:Chirac and Armenian president
2646:Israeli offensive into Lebanon
2155:Chirac with Russian president
2123:nuclear tests at Mururoa Atoll
1845:Crossing the desert: 1988â1995
1581:Jacques Chirac with president
13:
1:
11963:Jean-Baptiste Fleuriot-Lescot
10847:Heads of government of France
9714:Emmanuel Hecht, Thierry Vey,
8771:(in French). 22 February 2008
8269:Tim Hume (10 December 2015).
8228:BBC News, 24 17 February 2014
6822:Henley, Jon (12 April 2002).
5995:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
5905:
5574:of the Order of Independence
4206:Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
3950:â Minister of Foreign Affairs
3922:â Minister of Quality of Life
3907:Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber
3897:â Minister of Trade and Craft
3804:â Minister of Foreign Affairs
3709:
3691:: 1965â77. Reelected in 1971.
3453:Bernadette Chodron de Courcel
3163:lambasted Chirac in the song
2820:
2716:
2445:
2353:
2238:His position was weakened by
2131:Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
1827:separatists in the Ouvéa cave
1545:, because the leaders of the
1008:and was elected president in
717:Bernadette Chodron de Courcel
345:1970–1979
14016:Harvard Summer School alumni
13438:Union for a Popular Movement
9741:Le pouvoir et la vie, tome 3
9708:
9280:(in Finnish). 9 October 2020
7564:International Herald Tribune
7509:. Bloomberg L.P. 2 June 2005
7270:, Président de la république
6966:(in French). 31 March 2006.
6547:(in French). Paris: Fayard.
6068:International Herald Tribune
5266:Order of the Star of Romania
3878:â Minister of External Trade
3397:Union for a Popular Movement
3171:and instead started playing
2766:Union for a Popular Movement
2473:During an official visit to
2456:Union for a Popular Movement
1772:large student demonstrations
7:
14026:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
13357:Secretaries-general of the
11943:JĂ©rĂŽme PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
9690:(Greenwood, 1995) pp 63â70.
9676:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2012).
9584:Chafer, Tony. "Chirac and '
7867:World Health Organisation.
7669:Political Science Quarterly
7083:French Politics and Society
6407:. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
6345:"Quelques Anciens Celebres"
6286:"Jacques Chirac Fast Facts"
5883:
5812:Une ambition pour la France
5542:Royal Order of the Seraphim
4865:Order of Vytautas the Great
4806:National Order of the Cedar
4713:Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali
4466:Order of the Southern Cross
4189:Order of Agricultural Merit
3651:National Assembly of France
3343:Compagnie Générale des Eaux
3178:
2956:6th arrondissement of Paris
2783:2005 civil unrest in France
2683:issues, the G8 focused on "
2348:integrated military command
2218:early legislative elections
2142:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1680:proportional representation
1413:Cabinet minister: 1971â1974
1094:5th arrondissement of Paris
599:
10:
14132:
13733:Modern and Humanist France
13549:Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet
13469:Union for the New Republic
13457:Rally of the French People
9738:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing,
9482:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
9475:"III. Otras disposiciones"
9453:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
9252:"TeenetemÀrkide kavalerid"
7822:Tisseron, Antonin (2014).
6520:. CNN. 26 September 2019.
6347:. Hattemer. Archived from
6117:. MIT Press. p. 125.
5388:National Order of the Lion
4927:Order pro Merito Melitensi
4744:Order of Mubarak the Great
4029:
3959:â Minister of the Interior
3930:
3823:â Minister of the Interior
3784:
3502:In 1954, Chirac presented
3420:
3409:
3208:Marc Rioufol plays him in
2780:
2745:
2464:Union for French Democracy
2381:
2212:"Cohabitation" with Jospin
2073:1995 presidential campaign
1891:President Houphouët-Boigny
1819:anti-colonialist movements
1739:sold many public companies
1688:Union for French Democracy
1684:1986 legislative elections
1395:Minister of Social Affairs
1351:The "Bulldozer": 1962â1971
1195:Education and early career
1065:2002 presidential election
29:
13821:French interior ministers
13816:Prime ministers of France
13715:
13683:
13654:
13619:
13558:
13527:
13490:
13445:
13365:
13296:
12951:
12723:
12697:
12674:
12538:
12512:
12489:
12353:
12327:
12304:
12156:
12130:
12107:
12066:
12022:
12001:
11980:
11969:
11930:
11867:
11714:
11596:
11561:
11523:
11080:
11060:
11037:
10994:
10906:
10853:
10806:
10675:
10627:
10375:
10344:
10289:
10279:
10269:
10259:
10251:
10246:
10236:
10223:
10215:
10208:
10198:
10190:
10180:
10153:
10145:
10140:
10130:
10120:
10115:
10105:
10095:
10080:
10075:
10065:
10056:
10048:
10038:
10029:
10021:
10011:
10002:
9997:
9987:
9978:
9970:
9960:
9951:
9943:
9933:
9924:
9909:
9899:
9892:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9799:
9722:
8895:. BBC. 15 December 2011.
7238:. BBC. 28 December 2015.
7052:"Jacques Chirac obituary"
6791:"Profile: Jacques Chirac"
5860:Demain, il sera trop tard
5020:Order of Ouissam Alaouite
4222:Cross for Military Valour
4025:â Minister of Cooperation
4001:â Minister of Agriculture
3903:â Minister of Cooperation
3865:â Minister of Agriculture
3349:
3341:
3319:
3308:Conviction for corruption
3291:led by the United States
3147:
2887:
2849:Post-presidency and death
2831:transient ischemic attack
2805:First Employment Contract
2518:
2430:
2400:during a ceremony at the
2394:Luiz InĂĄcio Lula da Silva
2372:AĂ©rospatiale-BAC Concorde
2233:constitutional convention
2184:had been dismantled when
2059:Chirac with US president
1902:1993 legislative election
1855:next legislative election
1768:First Employment Contract
1614:
1532:Mayor of Paris: 1977â1995
1248:
1236:
1158:
1150:
1142:
1118:
1106:
1098:
1077:suspended prison sentence
1051:, his recognition of the
959:
835:
825:
817:
807:
797:
792:
780:
757:
742:
710:
664:
653:
639:
618:
613:
609:
597:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
553:
534:
523:
516:
504:
492:
480:
469:
464:
454:
435:
425:
414:
407:
395:
383:
373:
362:
355:
351:
341:
337:
327:
315:
304:
296:
284:
272:
253:
242:
235:
223:
211:
201:
190:
178:
166:
158:
147:
140:
128:
116:
83:
72:
64:
60:
48:
41:
12141:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
12061:Presidential candidacies
11948:Henri LefĂšvre d'Ormesson
11875:Chief minister of France
10729:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
10355:Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
10202:Joan Enric Vives SicĂlia
10173:Joan Enric Vives SicĂlia
10076:Party political offices
10032:Prime Minister of France
9981:Prime Minister of France
9954:Minister of the Interior
9869:Offices and distinctions
9563:Bell, David et al. eds.
9107:. London. Archived from
9079:25 December 2017 at the
8628:17 December 2008 at the
8185:25 December 2017 at the
8166:11 November 2012 at the
8101:, CNN, 15 December 2011.
8097:16 December 2011 at the
7832:Rowman & Littlefield
7624:30 November 2021 at the
6442:10.3167/fpcs.2013.310107
6373:Chirac, Jacques (2012).
6288:. CNN. 21 January 2013.
5791:, Paris, ed. Stock, 1978
5768:
5449:Grand Order of Mugunghwa
5295:Member 1st Class of the
5173:Order of the White Eagle
4775:Order of the Three Stars
4556:Member 1st Class of the
4496:National Order of Quebec
3705:: 1976â94 (Resignation).
3687:Municipal councillor of
3451:In 1956, Chirac married
3431:, was accused of asking
3215:The Special Relationship
3169:Tout le bonheur du monde
3051:national day of mourning
2841:and a recommendation to
2592:under the leadership of
2504:On 14 July 2002, during
1897:was a "kind of luxury".
1751:solidarity tax on wealth
1495:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
1439:Minister of the Interior
1407:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
1083:Early life and education
975:minister of the interior
948:Prime Minister of France
357:Minister of the Interior
206:Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
142:Prime Minister of France
13620:Presidential candidates
12767:Jean-Pierre ChevĂšnement
9927:Minister of Agriculture
9604:4 February 2021 at the
9504:"Resolución N° 814/996"
8977:11 January 2008 at the
8923:8 February 2017 at the
8042:7 November 2017 at the
7690:4 December 2016 at the
7639:"Europe's bear problem"
7365:13 October 2007 at the
7339:13 October 2007 at the
6620:"Au revoir to ideology"
5930:Oxford University Press
4527:Order of the White Lion
4404:National Order of Benin
4172:Order of the Black Star
4155:National Order of Merit
3884:â Minister of Equipment
3049:The day was declared a
2996:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2942:Death and state funeral
2877:member for life of the
2711:Western Sahara conflict
2706:during his presidency.
2468:parliamentary elections
1568:Governmental opposition
1437:, Chirac was appointed
1419:Minister of Agriculture
971:minister of agriculture
32:Chirac (disambiguation)
13866:French Roman Catholics
13841:French anti-communists
13481:Rally for the Republic
10210:Catholic Church titles
10124:Rally for the Republic
9839:Quotations related to
9791:
9751:
9740:
9716:
9619:
9586:
9238:Gouvernement du Québec
8611:National Review Online
8605:14 August 2007 at the
8416:56.3 (2015): 357-368 .
8147:1 January 2018 at the
7671:130.4 (2015): 625-654
6403:19 August 2009 at the
5875:
5871:, Paris, ed. NiL, 2009
5867:
5859:
5851:
5843:
5835:
5827:
5823:, Paris, ed. NiL, 1994
5819:
5811:
5803:
5795:
5787:
4958:Order of Saint-Charles
4925:Civilian Class of the
4831:Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
4300:
3933:Second Chirac ministry
3927:Second Chirac ministry
3703:Rally for the Republic
3607:Governmental functions
3516:
3508:
3417:The Clearstream Affair
3376:, expenses managed by
3369:
3361:
3335:The conditions of the
3325:
3255:vice-president of Iraq
3226:
3173:Bienvenue en Chiraquie
3165:Bienvenue en Chiraquie
3159:. Similarly, the band
3155:
3141:
3112:
3098:Les Guignols de l'Info
3096:
3080:
2951:
2938:on 18 September 2016.
2879:Constitutional Council
2862:
2809:
2742:2005 referendum on TCE
2672:
2644:Chirac criticised the
2553:
2414:presidential elections
2409:
2378:Second term: 2002â2007
2364:Air France Flight 4590
2296:
2294:, personal secretary (
2279:
2268:
2264:Rally for the Republic
2252:
2172:
2160:
2112:major workers' strikes
2077:
2068:
1939:Presidency (1995â2007)
1931:
1917:
1882:
1835:
1807:
1782:
1719:
1630:1979 European election
1586:
1503:
1490:
1447:
1389:
1365:
1288:Early political career
1217:
1213:French Communist Party
1166:
1127:
1057:role in deporting Jews
1018:
991:Rally for the Republic
931:[ÊakÊÉneÊiÊak]
802:French Fourth Republic
299:Rally for the Republic
261:Christian de La MalĂšne
13871:Government of Andorra
13668:Dominique de Villepin
13568:Philippe Douste-Blazy
13380:Alexandre Sanguinetti
11881:Deputy Prime Minister
10084:Alexandre Sanguinetti
9724:Ăditions Albin Michel
9686:Wilsford, David, ed.
9641:10.3 (2002): 313â323.
9614:10.2 (2005): 297â313.
8023:20 March 2007 at the
7966:The Belfast Telegraph
7869:"Unitaid: Governance"
7266:13 April 2009 at the
7058:. 26 September 2019.
6595:. 30 September 2019.
6545:L'inconnu de l'Elysée
6543:PĂ©an, Pierre (2007).
6424:Ross, George (2013).
5926:UK English Dictionary
5758:Order of Pope Pius IX
5607:Order of the Republic
5235:Order of Prince Henry
4989:Order of the Republic
4298:Order of the Seraphim
4287:
3983:â Minister of Justice
3909:â Minister of Reforms
3847:â Minister of Justice
3817:â Minister of Defence
3787:First Chirac ministry
3781:First Chirac ministry
3429:Dominique de Villepin
3421:Further information:
3249:At the invitation of
3236:by Xavier Durringer.
3198:voices Chirac in the
3130:Anarchie en Chiraquie
3055:Montparnasse Cemetery
3046:plus many ministers.
2949:
2932:Frederic Salat-Baroux
2856:
2815:Dominique de Villepin
2781:Further information:
2746:Further information:
2721:Chirac requested the
2666:
2613:Dominique de Villepin
2535:
2500:Assassination attempt
2391:
2166:
2154:
2058:
1944:First term: 1995â2002
1780:
1728:Jacques Chaban-Delmas
1701:
1580:
1480:
1462:Jacques Chaban-Delmas
1371:presidential election
1227:for the abolition of
818:Years of service
658:Montparnasse Cemetery
487:Jacques Chaban-Delmas
279:Office re-established
108:Dominique de Villepin
13846:French Army officers
13662:Jean-Pierre Raffarin
12594:Philippe de Villiers
12248:Huguette Bouchardeau
10338:Presidents of France
10156:Co-Prince of Andorra
9831:at Wikimedia Commons
9152:. 22 February 2014.
9135:28 June 2019 at the
8634:On this day â 7 June
8366:. 27 September 2019.
7645:. 25 February 2010.
7442:on 22 September 2020
7391:13 June 2007 at the
7373:, 23 September 2000
7347:, 22 September 2000
6799:. 15 December 2011.
6046:Co-Prince of Andorra
5664:United Arab Emirates
5480:Order of Charles III
5264:Grand Collar of the
5233:Grand Collar of the
4804:Grand Cordon of the
4742:Grand Cordon of the
4058:improve this article
3948:Jean-Bernard Raimond
3859:â Minister of Health
3827:Jean-Pierre Fourcade
3742:improve this section
3556:improve this section
3227:La DerniĂšre Campagne
3032:Vaira Vike-Freiberga
3020:Salome Zourabichvili
3008:Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan
2770:Jean-Pierre Raffarin
2618:After Togo's leader
2297:directeur de cabinet
1972:improve this article
1676:economically liberal
1671:legislative election
1316:improve this article
1160:Lycée Louis-le-Grand
957:After attending the
593:Additional positions
103:Jean-Pierre Raffarin
14036:20th-century mayors
14021:Lycée Carnot alumni
13996:Order of Saint Olav
13560:Secretaries-General
13297:Permanent President
12953:President-in-Office
12312:François Mitterrand
12241:miscellaneous right
12236:Marie-France Garaud
12229:miscellaneous right
12115:François Mitterrand
11988:Louis Antoine PagĂšs
11938:Jean Sylvain Bailly
10746:François Mitterrand
10556:Alexandre Millerand
10454:Jean Casimir-Perier
10403:Patrice de MacMahon
10281:Chairperson of the
10261:Chairperson of the
10219:François Mitterrand
10149:François Mitterrand
10117:New political party
10059:President of France
10052:François Mitterrand
9752:Ă Table avec Chirac
9702:My Life in Politics
9644:Gaffney, John, ed.
9597:13.1 (2005): 7-23.
9428:Korean Medals íê” ë©ëŹ
9385:Det norske kongehus
9258:(in Estonian). 2023
9184:. 15 January 2014.
8931:, 15 December 2011.
8652:11 May 2008 at the
8433:on 13 December 2009
8244:The Daily Telegraph
7936:The Daily Telegraph
7723:on 24 October 2012.
7716:The Washington Post
7697:The Washington Post
7628:, BBC, 15 July 2002
7535:. 26 October 2006.
7529:"What France needs"
7321:, 18 November 2000
6571:, A. Michel, 1995,
6375:My Life in Politics
6144:connexionfrance.com
6138:France, Connexion.
5828:La France pour tous
5637:First Class of the
5417:Grand Cross of the
5386:Grand Cross of the
5202:Grand Cross of the
5141:Grand Cross of the
5080:Grand Cross of the
5049:Grand Cross of the
5018:Grand Cross of the
4956:Grand Cross of the
4894:Grand Cross of the
4863:Grand Cross of the
4682:Order of the Falcon
4525:Grand Cross of the
4402:Grand Cross of the
4373:Heydar Aliyev Order
3644:European Parliament
3637:European Parliament
3355:, then directed by
3224:portrays Chirac in
2980:Jean-Claude Juncker
2972:Archbishop of Paris
2605:UN Security Council
2492:with PRC president
2402:PalĂĄcio da Alvorada
2254:trafic d'influences
2199:François Mitterrand
2138:Ministry of Defence
1889:where he supported
1660:François Mitterrand
1658:'s (PS) candidate,
1599:Marie-France Garaud
1583:François Mitterrand
1517:Marie-France Garaud
1428:European Commission
1263:St. Louis, Missouri
954:from 1977 to 1995.
944:President of France
842:Jacques René Chirac
752:Anh Dao Traxel
623:Jacques René Chirac
162:François Mitterrand
123:François Mitterrand
67:President of France
14106:Ig Nobel laureates
14051:Sciences Po alumni
13592:Jean-François Copé
13574:Pierre MĂ©haignerie
13537:Jean-Claude Gaudin
13512:Jean-François Copé
12851:Christiane Taubira
12791:Olivier Besancenot
12666:Candidates in the
12481:Candidates in the
12414:miscellaneous left
12296:Candidates in the
12099:Candidates in the
11958:Jean-Nicolas Pache
9964:Michel Poniatowski
9880:Political offices
9681:De Gaulle's Legacy
9648:(Routledge, 2018).
9484:(in Spanish). 1999
9455:(in Spanish). 2006
9332:. 30 November 2006
9240:(in French). 2019.
8947:The New York Times
8796:The New York Times
8471:. 13 August 2009.
8333:The New York Times
8116:9 May 2008 at the
7972:on 4 November 2012
7895:Rotella, Sebastian
7766:Institut Montaigne
7600:on 16 January 2009
7288:jacqueschirac-asso
7210:The New York Times
7122:The New York Times
6937:The New York Times
6909:The New York Times
6855:Alain-GĂ©rard Slama
6685:The New York Times
6625:The New York Times
6475:, 12 November 1993
6062:9 May 2008 at the
5419:Order of Good Hope
4340:Grand Star of the
4301:
4254:Aeronautical Medal
4011:Pierre MĂ©haignerie
3999:François Guillaume
3821:Michel Poniatowski
3802:Jean Sauvagnargues
3696:Political function
3632:Electoral mandates
3441:Clearstream Affair
3363:Le Canard enchaßné
3351:Lyonnaise des Eaux
3289:military coalition
3245:Osirak controversy
3191:Portrayals in film
3124:In 1988, the band
3102:, a satiric latex
3072:comic strip album
2952:
2863:
2756:On 29 May 2005, a
2675:In July 2006, the
2673:
2620:Gnassingbé Eyadéma
2588:controlled by the
2584:the government of
2578:military coalition
2554:
2410:
2344:Military Committee
2206:Vel' d'Hiv Roundup
2173:
2161:
2069:
1783:
1720:
1706:, Jacques Chirac,
1587:
1491:
1485:during a visit to
1380:for a seat in the
1244:Harvard University
1061:referendum in 2000
402:Michel Poniatowski
343:Political offices
13851:French fraudsters
13751:
13750:
13743:The Popular Right
13580:Patrick Devedjian
13403:
13402:
13324:
13323:
13003:Giscard d'Estaing
12942:Presidents of the
12908:
12907:
12902:
12901:
12895:
12887:Daniel Gluckstein
12883:
12871:
12859:
12847:
12835:
12823:
12811:
12799:
12787:
12775:
12763:
12755:Arlette Laguiller
12751:
12739:
12716:
12708:Jean-Marie Le Pen
12690:
12633:
12632:
12626:
12618:Jacques Cheminade
12614:
12602:
12590:
12582:Arlette Laguiller
12578:
12566:
12558:Jean-Marie Le Pen
12554:
12531:
12505:
12448:
12447:
12441:
12429:
12421:Arlette Laguiller
12417:
12405:
12393:
12381:
12373:Jean-Marie Le Pen
12369:
12346:
12320:
12263:
12262:
12256:
12244:
12232:
12220:
12208:
12200:Arlette Laguiller
12196:
12184:
12172:
12149:
12123:
12053:
12052:
11890:
11889:
11739:Couve de Murville
10813:
10812:
10783:François Hollande
10686:Charles de Gaulle
10304:
10303:
10299:
10298:
10290:Succeeded by
10270:Succeeded by
10247:Diplomatic posts
10237:Succeeded by
10199:Succeeded by
10194:Joan MartĂ Alanis
10181:Succeeded by
10166:Joan MartĂ Alanis
10131:Succeeded by
10106:Succeeded by
10066:Succeeded by
10039:Succeeded by
10012:Succeeded by
9988:Succeeded by
9961:Succeeded by
9947:Raymond Marcellin
9937:Raymond Marcellin
9934:Succeeded by
9900:Succeeded by
9827:Media related to
9700:Chirac, Jacques.
9669:(Springer, 2002).
9574:(2000) pp 211â40.
9538:New Straits Times
9050:. 21 March 2002.
8613:, 4 November 2002
8546:. 16 April 2013.
8206:. 11 April 2008.
7904:Los Angeles Times
7841:978-1-4422-2685-2
7737:. 18 March 2007.
7700:, 20 January 2006
7153:Los Angeles Times
6885:on 22 August 2014
6824:"Merde most foul"
6769:Los Angeles Times
6661:. 3 December 2020
6271:978-2-402-13414-9
6239:on 4 October 2019
6124:978-0-262-01232-4
6023:. Merriam-Webster
5951:"Chirac, Jacques"
5936:on 17 April 2022.
5919:"Chirac, Jacques"
5766:
5765:
5698:Order of the Bath
5051:Order of St. Olav
4277:
4276:
4238:Combatant's Cross
4187:Commander of the
4090:
4089:
4082:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3701:President of the
3676:Municipal Council
3592:
3591:
3584:
3281:Israeli Air Force
3210:Richard Loncraine
3196:J. Grant Albrecht
3183:He was given the
2992:Sergio Mattarella
2910:Jean-Marie Le Pen
2839:Jean-Marie Le Pen
2795:, which followed
2550:Junichiro Koizumi
2479:Malagasy uprising
2422:Jean-Marie Le Pen
2335:Charles de Gaulle
2048:
2047:
2040:
2022:
1871:Maastricht Treaty
1831:Jean-Marie Le Pen
1737:Chirac's cabinet
1712:Bernadette Chirac
1483:Nicolae CeauÈescu
1435:Raymond Marcellin
1399:Appeal of 18 June
1382:National Assembly
1348:
1347:
1340:
1282:Court of Auditors
1215:, sold copies of
1209:Charles de Gaulle
1088:Family background
1069:Jean-Marie Le Pen
1034:Margaret Thatcher
1006:economic policies
839:
838:
830:Second lieutenant
643:26 September 2019
572:
571:
460:Raymond Marcellin
390:Raymond Marcellin
322:Party established
16:(Redirected from
14123:
13768:
13767:
13766:
13759:
13728:The Social Right
13723:The Strong Right
13708:
13701:
13694:
13610:Laurent Wauquiez
13561:
13530:
13493:
13449:
13439:
13430:
13423:
13416:
13407:
13406:
13375:Alain Peyrefitte
13351:
13344:
13337:
13328:
13327:
12945:European Council
12935:
12928:
12921:
12912:
12911:
12889:
12877:
12875:Christine Boutin
12865:
12853:
12841:
12829:
12817:
12805:
12803:Jean Saint-Josse
12793:
12781:
12769:
12757:
12745:
12733:
12724:Other candidates
12710:
12684:
12660:
12653:
12646:
12637:
12636:
12620:
12608:
12606:Dominique Voynet
12596:
12584:
12572:
12560:
12548:
12546:Ădouard Balladur
12539:Other candidates
12525:
12499:
12475:
12468:
12461:
12452:
12451:
12435:
12423:
12411:
12399:
12397:Antoine Waechter
12387:
12375:
12363:
12354:Other candidates
12340:
12314:
12290:
12283:
12276:
12267:
12266:
12250:
12238:
12226:
12214:
12202:
12190:
12178:
12176:Georges Marchais
12166:
12157:Other candidates
12143:
12117:
12093:
12086:
12079:
12070:
12069:
12057:
12056:
12040:Bertrand Delanoë
11975:
11917:
11910:
11903:
11894:
11893:
11877:(pre-Revolution)
11691:BourgĂšs-Maunoury
11260:Waldeck-Rousseau
11064:National Defense
11052:Cousin-Montauban
11004:Dupont de l'Eure
10840:
10833:
10826:
10817:
10816:
10758:
10741:
10716:
10704:Georges Pompidou
10667:
10650:
10619:
10602:
10585:
10573:Gaston Doumergue
10568:
10551:
10534:
10522:Raymond Poincaré
10517:
10505:Armand FalliĂšres
10500:
10483:
10466:
10449:
10432:
10415:
10398:
10367:
10331:
10324:
10317:
10308:
10307:
10252:Preceded by
10216:Preceded by
10191:Preceded by
10178:
10146:Preceded by
10092:
10081:Preceded by
10049:Preceded by
10022:Preceded by
9971:Preceded by
9944:Preceded by
9921:
9910:Preceded by
9885:Preceded by
9877:
9876:
9865:
9864:
9851:
9838:
9826:
9804:
9803:
9796:
9789:Jacques Chirac,
9786:
9754:
9743:
9727:
9726:
9719:
9672:Milzow, Katrin.
9665:Maclean, Mairi.
9622:
9617:Elgie, Robert. "
9592:
9589:
9567:(1990) pp 82â86.
9542:
9541:
9530:
9524:
9523:
9521:
9519:
9500:
9494:
9493:
9491:
9489:
9479:
9471:
9465:
9464:
9462:
9460:
9445:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9434:
9420:
9414:
9413:
9406:
9397:
9396:
9394:
9392:
9377:
9368:
9367:
9365:
9363:
9348:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9337:
9322:
9316:
9315:
9313:
9311:
9296:
9290:
9289:
9287:
9285:
9274:
9268:
9267:
9265:
9263:
9248:
9242:
9241:
9230:
9224:
9223:
9221:
9219:
9204:
9198:
9197:
9195:
9193:
9172:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9161:
9146:
9140:
9127:
9121:
9120:
9118:
9116:
9096:
9090:
9070:
9064:
9063:
9061:
9059:
9040:
9034:
9033:
9031:
9029:
9010:
9004:
8994:
8988:
8969:
8963:
8962:
8960:
8958:
8938:
8932:
8915:
8909:
8908:
8906:
8904:
8889:
8876:
8875:
8873:
8871:
8851:
8845:
8844:
8842:
8840:
8831:. 7 March 2011.
8821:
8812:
8811:
8809:
8807:
8787:
8781:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8761:
8755:
8754:
8752:
8750:
8730:
8724:
8723:
8704:
8695:
8694:
8692:
8690:
8685:on 28 April 2011
8684:
8678:. Archived from
8677:
8669:
8663:
8643:
8637:
8620:
8614:
8596:
8590:
8589:
8587:
8585:
8566:
8560:
8559:
8557:
8555:
8536:
8530:
8529:
8527:
8525:
8506:
8500:
8491:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8480:
8465:
8459:
8449:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8438:
8423:
8417:
8410:
8404:
8403:
8396:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8374:
8368:
8367:
8356:
8350:
8349:
8347:
8345:
8323:
8317:
8316:
8314:
8312:
8293:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8282:
8266:
8260:
8259:
8257:
8255:
8235:
8229:
8226:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8215:
8200:
8194:
8189:, Henry Samuel.
8177:
8171:
8158:
8152:
8139:
8130:
8129:
8126:, 27 April 2007
8108:
8102:
8089:
8083:
8082:
8081:on 24 June 2009.
8071:
8065:
8064:
8053:
8047:
8034:
8028:
8015:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8004:
7988:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7977:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7947:
7927:
7921:
7920:
7918:
7916:
7891:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7880:
7864:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7853:
7819:
7813:
7812:
7810:
7808:
7788:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7777:
7757:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7746:
7731:
7725:
7724:
7707:
7701:
7682:
7676:
7665:
7659:
7658:
7656:
7654:
7635:
7629:
7616:
7610:
7609:
7607:
7605:
7586:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7566:. Archived from
7555:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7525:
7519:
7518:
7516:
7514:
7503:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7492:
7472:
7466:
7465:
7459:
7451:
7449:
7447:
7438:. Archived from
7428:
7422:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7402:
7396:
7383:
7377:
7376:
7357:
7351:
7350:
7331:
7325:
7324:
7313:
7307:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7296:
7285:
7277:
7271:
7258:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7232:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7221:
7201:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7175:
7169:
7168:
7166:
7164:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7133:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7078:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7067:
7048:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7017:
7011:
7010:
6995:"Naufrage de la
6993:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6975:
6956:
6950:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6933:
6926:
6920:
6919:
6917:
6915:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6881:. Archived from
6871:
6865:
6864:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6841:
6819:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6808:
6787:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6776:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6750:
6743:
6734:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6720:
6702:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6691:
6677:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6651:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6637:
6615:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6604:
6589:"Jacques Chirac"
6585:
6579:
6565:
6559:
6558:
6540:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6498:on 29 March 2010
6482:
6476:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6421:
6408:
6395:
6389:
6388:
6370:
6361:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6282:
6276:
6275:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6235:. Archived from
6223:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6192:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6166:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6155:
6135:
6129:
6128:
6116:
6106:
6100:
6099:
6097:
6095:
6090:on 7 August 2004
6080:
6071:
6054:
6048:
6039:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5947:
5938:
5937:
5932:. Archived from
5915:
5878:
5870:
5862:
5854:
5846:
5838:
5830:
5822:
5814:
5806:
5798:
5790:
5775:Mahathir Mohamad
5750:
5748:
5747:
5740:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5710:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5680:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5652:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5621:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5586:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5555:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5524:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5493:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5462:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5432:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5401:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5370:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5340:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5310:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5279:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5248:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5217:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5186:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5125:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5095:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5064:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5033:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5002:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4971:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4940:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4909:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4878:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4847:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4819:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4788:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4757:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4695:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4664:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4602:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4571:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4540:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4509:
4494:Officier of the
4488:
4486:
4485:
4478:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4448:
4427:
4425:
4424:
4417:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4355:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4324:
4303:
4302:
4266:
4250:
4234:
4218:
4201:
4184:
4167:
4143:
4131:Legion of Honour
4125:of the National
4115:
4097:
4096:
4093:National honours
4085:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4065:
4042:
4034:
3993:François Léotard
3963:Ădouard Balladur
3944:â Prime Minister
3921:
3896:
3877:
3863:Christian Bonnet
3816:
3808:Jacques Soufflet
3798:â Prime Minister
3773:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3753:
3722:
3714:
3587:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3567:
3536:
3528:
3524:Political career
3519:
3513:
3471:anorexia nervosa
3467:public relations
3460:
3459:
3375:
3372:
3366:
3354:
3353:
3346:
3345:
3331:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3229:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3142:Chirac en prison
3115:
3101:
3085:
2984:Jens Stoltenberg
2976:AntĂłnio Guterres
2892:
2891:
2867:Fondation Chirac
2812:
2801:Clichy-sous-Bois
2791:Following major
2736:Marisol Touraine
2700:Louvre Abu Dhabi
2669:Robert Kocharyan
2635:terrorist attack
2624:Faure Gnassingbé
2566:Gerhard Schröder
2542:Gerhard Schröder
2523:
2522:
2435:
2434:
2302:
2299:
2284:
2273:
2257:
2244:Bertrand Delanoë
2169:Gerhard Schröder
2127:French Polynesia
2085:
2082:
2043:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2021:
1987:"Jacques Chirac"
1980:
1956:
1948:
1934:
1927:Jean-Louis Debré
1920:
1909:Edouard Balladur
1888:
1885:
1840:
1812:
1745:initiated under
1718:, 31 Mars 1987).
1619:
1618:
1611:
1506:
1452:
1392:
1368:
1357:Georges Pompidou
1343:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1300:
1292:
1270:armoured cavalry
1253:
1252:
1241:
1240:
1225:Stockholm Appeal
1222:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1132:
1121:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1049:invasion of Iraq
1021:
1019:fracture sociale
964:
963:
941:
940:
939:
933:
928:
924:
923:
922:
921:
914:
911:
910:
907:
904:
901:
897:
896:
893:
890:
883:
875:
874:
871:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
851:
793:Military service
788:
736:
734:
730:
646:
633:29 November 1932
632:
630:
614:Personal details
604:
568:
556:
549:
537:
528:
507:
495:
483:
474:
457:
450:
438:
428:
419:
398:
386:
376:
367:
346:
339:
338:
330:
318:
309:
287:
275:
247:
226:
214:
195:
181:
169:
152:
131:
119:
86:
77:
53:
39:
38:
21:
14131:
14130:
14126:
14125:
14124:
14122:
14121:
14120:
14031:Mayors of Paris
13836:Former Marxists
13776:
13775:
13774:
13764:
13762:
13754:
13752:
13747:
13711:
13704:
13697:
13690:
13679:
13674:François Fillon
13655:Prime Ministers
13650:
13637:Nicolas Sarkozy
13615:
13598:MichĂšle Tabarot
13586:Xavier Bertrand
13559:
13554:
13529:Vice Presidents
13528:
13523:
13518:Nicolas Sarkozy
13506:Nicolas Sarkozy
13491:
13486:
13447:
13441:
13437:
13434:
13404:
13399:
13361:
13355:
13325:
13320:
13298:
13292:
13123:Nyrup Rasmussen
12955:
12947:
12939:
12909:
12904:
12903:
12898:
12743:François Bayrou
12719:
12693:
12670:
12664:
12634:
12629:
12534:
12508:
12485:
12479:
12449:
12444:
12349:
12323:
12300:
12294:
12264:
12259:
12152:
12126:
12103:
12097:
12062:
12054:
12049:
12018:
11997:
11976:
11967:
11953:Nicolas Chambon
11926:
11924:Mayors of Paris
11921:
11891:
11886:
11863:
11710:
11598:Fourth Republic
11592:
11564:
11557:
11519:
11370:François-Marsal
11076:
11063:
11056:
11033:
10996:Second Republic
10990:
10902:
10849:
10844:
10814:
10809:
10802:
10793:Emmanuel Macron
10773:Nicolas Sarkozy
10752:
10735:
10710:
10671:
10661:
10644:
10629:Fourth Republic
10623:
10613:
10596:
10579:
10562:
10545:
10528:
10511:
10494:
10477:
10460:
10443:
10426:
10409:
10392:
10371:
10361:
10346:Second Republic
10340:
10335:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10286:
10275:
10266:
10257:
10242:
10240:Nicolas Sarkozy
10233:
10221:
10204:
10196:
10186:
10184:Nicolas Sarkozy
10176:
10162:
10161:
10159:
10151:
10136:
10127:
10111:
10102:
10093:
10086:
10071:
10069:Nicolas Sarkozy
10062:
10054:
10044:
10035:
10027:
10017:
10008:
9993:
9984:
9976:
9966:
9957:
9949:
9939:
9930:
9922:
9915:
9905:
9896:
9890:
9870:
9849:
9819:
9775:
9759:Mayaffre, Damon
9747:Frederic Lepage
9711:
9697:
9695:Primary sources
9662:4 (2008): 1-21.
9606:Wayback Machine
9590:
9587:la Francafrique
9553:Allport, Alan.
9550:
9548:Further reading
9545:
9540:. 23 July 2003.
9532:
9531:
9527:
9517:
9515:
9502:
9501:
9497:
9487:
9485:
9477:
9473:
9472:
9468:
9458:
9456:
9447:
9446:
9442:
9432:
9430:
9422:
9421:
9417:
9408:
9407:
9400:
9390:
9388:
9379:
9378:
9371:
9361:
9359:
9350:
9349:
9345:
9335:
9333:
9330:www.kuna.net.kw
9324:
9323:
9319:
9309:
9307:
9304:Forseti Ăslands
9298:
9297:
9293:
9283:
9281:
9276:
9275:
9271:
9261:
9259:
9250:
9249:
9245:
9232:
9231:
9227:
9217:
9215:
9206:
9205:
9201:
9191:
9189:
9174:
9173:
9169:
9159:
9157:
9148:
9147:
9143:
9137:Wayback Machine
9128:
9124:
9114:
9112:
9097:
9093:
9086:Daily Telegraph
9081:Wayback Machine
9072:Colin Randall,
9071:
9067:
9057:
9055:
9042:
9041:
9037:
9027:
9025:
9018:The Independent
9012:
9011:
9007:
8995:
8991:
8979:Wayback Machine
8970:
8966:
8956:
8954:
8939:
8935:
8925:Wayback Machine
8916:
8912:
8902:
8900:
8891:
8890:
8879:
8869:
8867:
8852:
8848:
8838:
8836:
8823:
8822:
8815:
8805:
8803:
8788:
8784:
8774:
8772:
8763:
8762:
8758:
8748:
8746:
8739:The Independent
8731:
8727:
8721:
8710:(and author of
8705:
8698:
8688:
8686:
8682:
8675:
8671:
8670:
8666:
8654:Wayback Machine
8647:Rebuilding Iraq
8644:
8640:
8630:Wayback Machine
8621:
8617:
8607:Wayback Machine
8597:
8593:
8583:
8581:
8568:
8567:
8563:
8553:
8551:
8538:
8537:
8533:
8523:
8521:
8516:. 20 May 2010.
8508:
8507:
8503:
8492:
8488:
8478:
8476:
8467:
8466:
8462:
8450:
8446:
8436:
8434:
8425:
8424:
8420:
8411:
8407:
8398:
8397:
8393:
8383:
8381:
8376:
8375:
8371:
8358:
8357:
8353:
8343:
8341:
8324:
8320:
8310:
8308:
8301:The Japan Times
8295:
8294:
8290:
8280:
8278:
8267:
8263:
8253:
8251:
8236:
8232:
8227:
8223:
8213:
8211:
8202:
8201:
8197:
8187:Wayback Machine
8178:
8174:
8168:Wayback Machine
8159:
8155:
8149:Wayback Machine
8140:
8133:
8127:
8118:Wayback Machine
8109:
8105:
8099:Wayback Machine
8090:
8086:
8073:
8072:
8068:
8063:on 7 June 2013.
8055:
8054:
8050:
8044:Wayback Machine
8035:
8031:
8025:Wayback Machine
8016:
8012:
8002:
8000:
7989:
7985:
7975:
7973:
7960:
7959:
7955:
7945:
7943:
7928:
7924:
7914:
7912:
7892:
7888:
7878:
7876:
7865:
7861:
7851:
7849:
7842:
7834:. p. 154.
7820:
7816:
7806:
7804:
7789:
7785:
7775:
7773:
7758:
7754:
7744:
7742:
7733:
7732:
7728:
7709:
7708:
7704:
7692:Wayback Machine
7683:
7679:
7666:
7662:
7652:
7650:
7637:
7636:
7632:
7626:Wayback Machine
7617:
7613:
7603:
7601:
7588:
7587:
7583:
7573:
7571:
7556:
7552:
7542:
7540:
7527:
7526:
7522:
7512:
7510:
7505:
7504:
7500:
7490:
7488:
7473:
7469:
7453:
7452:
7445:
7443:
7436:defense.gouv.fr
7432:"Archived copy"
7430:
7429:
7425:
7415:
7413:
7412:on 6 April 2010
7404:
7403:
7399:
7393:Wayback Machine
7384:
7380:
7374:
7367:Wayback Machine
7358:
7354:
7348:
7341:Wayback Machine
7332:
7328:
7322:
7314:
7310:
7300:
7298:
7297:on 24 July 2014
7294:
7283:
7279:
7278:
7274:
7268:Wayback Machine
7259:
7255:
7245:
7243:
7234:
7233:
7229:
7219:
7217:
7202:
7198:
7188:
7186:
7185:on 25 July 2009
7177:
7176:
7172:
7162:
7160:
7145:
7141:
7131:
7129:
7114:
7110:
7079:
7075:
7065:
7063:
7050:
7049:
7045:
7035:
7033:
7018:
7014:
7008:
6994:
6983:
6973:
6971:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6943:
6941:
6928:
6927:
6923:
6913:
6911:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6888:
6886:
6873:
6872:
6868:
6862:
6853:
6849:
6839:
6837:
6820:
6816:
6806:
6804:
6789:
6788:
6784:
6774:
6772:
6760:
6756:
6751:on 3 July 2010.
6748:
6741:
6737:Palier, Bruno.
6735:
6728:
6718:
6716:
6703:
6699:
6689:
6687:
6679:
6678:
6674:
6664:
6662:
6653:
6652:
6648:
6635:
6633:
6616:
6612:
6602:
6600:
6587:
6586:
6582:
6566:
6562:
6555:
6541:
6537:
6527:
6525:
6516:
6515:
6511:
6501:
6499:
6484:
6483:
6479:
6469:
6465:
6422:
6411:
6405:Wayback Machine
6396:
6392:
6385:
6371:
6364:
6354:
6352:
6351:on 18 June 2015
6342:
6338:
6328:
6326:
6309:
6305:
6295:
6293:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6272:
6256:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6210:
6208:
6201:Financial Times
6193:
6189:
6179:
6177:
6168:
6167:
6163:
6153:
6151:
6136:
6132:
6125:
6107:
6103:
6093:
6091:
6082:
6081:
6074:
6064:Wayback Machine
6055:
6051:
6040:
6036:
6026:
6024:
6013:
6012:
6008:
5998:
5996:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5968:
5949:
5948:
5941:
5917:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5886:
5783:
5777:at his office.
5771:
5745:
5743:
5715:
5713:
5685:
5683:
5657:
5655:
5626:
5624:
5591:
5589:
5560:
5558:
5529:
5527:
5498:
5496:
5467:
5465:
5437:
5435:
5406:
5404:
5375:
5373:
5345:
5343:
5315:
5313:
5284:
5282:
5253:
5251:
5222:
5220:
5204:Order of Christ
5191:
5189:
5160:
5158:
5130:
5128:
5100:
5098:
5069:
5067:
5038:
5036:
5007:
5005:
4976:
4974:
4945:
4943:
4914:
4912:
4883:
4881:
4852:
4850:
4824:
4822:
4793:
4791:
4762:
4760:
4731:
4729:
4700:
4698:
4669:
4667:
4638:
4636:
4607:
4605:
4576:
4574:
4545:
4543:
4514:
4512:
4483:
4481:
4453:
4451:
4422:
4420:
4391:
4389:
4360:
4358:
4329:
4327:
4296:of the Swedish
4288:Jacques Chirac
4282:
4280:Foreign honours
4095:
4086:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4055:
4043:
4032:
4023:Michel Aurillac
3981:Albin Chalandon
3975:Philippe SĂ©guin
3935:
3929:
3915:
3890:
3888:Vincent Ansquer
3871:
3839:Michel Durafour
3833:Michel d'Ornano
3810:
3789:
3783:
3774:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3739:
3723:
3712:
3698:
3678:
3665:
3663:General Council
3653:
3639:
3634:
3609:
3588:
3577:
3571:
3568:
3553:
3537:
3526:
3500:
3457:
3456:
3449:
3437:Nicolas Sarkozy
3433:Philippe Rondot
3425:
3419:
3414:
3373:
3329:
3326:marchés publics
3310:
3274:nuclear reactor
3247:
3242:
3193:
3181:
3122:
3120:Satirical songs
3092:
3063:
3061:Popular culture
2944:
2906:Nicolas Sarkozy
2851:
2843:Nicolas Sarkozy
2823:
2789:
2779:
2754:
2744:
2719:
2685:energy security
2654:Bashar al-Assad
2639:nuclear arsenal
2582:forcibly remove
2530:
2514:Maxime Brunerie
2502:
2490:trade agreement
2448:
2396:, and his wife
2386:
2380:
2356:
2317:
2300:
2214:
2186:Philippe PĂ©tain
2182:French Republic
2178:
2083:
2053:
2044:
2033:
2027:
2024:
1981:
1979:
1969:
1957:
1946:
1941:
1913:Nicolas Sarkozy
1886:
1866:Philippe SĂ©guin
1847:
1799:Auriol massacre
1787:Jacques Foccart
1764:police violence
1759:Malik Oussekine
1741:, renewing the
1696:
1656:Socialist Party
1654:support of the
1605:
1575:
1570:
1551:Michel d'Ornano
1534:
1475:
1415:
1353:
1344:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1313:
1301:
1290:
1229:nuclear weapons
1197:
1090:
1085:
1042:ultraliberalism
935:
934:
926:
917:
916:
898:
887:
878:
877:
855:
846:
845:
776:
738:
726:
722:
719:
706:
673:
672:
665:Political party
648:
644:
634:
628:
626:
625:
624:
562:
554:
543:
535:
529:
524:
505:
493:
481:
475:
470:
455:
444:
436:
426:
420:
415:
396:
384:
374:
368:
363:
347:
344:
328:
316:
310:
305:
285:
273:
268:
248:
243:
224:
212:
196:
191:
179:
167:
153:
148:
135:Nicolas Sarkozy
129:
117:
112:
84:
78:
73:
56:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14129:
14119:
14118:
14113:
14108:
14103:
14098:
14093:
14088:
14083:
14078:
14073:
14068:
14063:
14058:
14053:
14048:
14043:
14038:
14033:
14028:
14023:
14018:
14013:
14008:
14003:
13998:
13993:
13988:
13983:
13978:
13973:
13968:
13963:
13958:
13953:
13948:
13943:
13938:
13933:
13928:
13923:
13918:
13913:
13908:
13903:
13898:
13893:
13888:
13883:
13878:
13873:
13868:
13863:
13858:
13853:
13848:
13843:
13838:
13833:
13828:
13823:
13818:
13813:
13808:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13786:Jacques Chirac
13773:
13772:
13749:
13748:
13746:
13745:
13740:
13735:
13730:
13725:
13719:
13717:
13713:
13712:
13710:
13709:
13702:
13695:
13687:
13685:
13681:
13680:
13678:
13677:
13671:
13665:
13658:
13656:
13652:
13651:
13649:
13648:
13634:
13627:Jacques Chirac
13623:
13621:
13617:
13616:
13614:
13613:
13607:
13601:
13595:
13589:
13583:
13577:
13571:
13564:
13562:
13556:
13555:
13553:
13552:
13546:
13540:
13533:
13531:
13525:
13524:
13522:
13521:
13515:
13509:
13503:
13496:
13494:
13488:
13487:
13485:
13484:
13478:
13472:
13466:
13460:
13453:
13451:
13443:
13442:
13433:
13432:
13425:
13418:
13410:
13401:
13400:
13398:
13397:
13392:
13387:
13385:Jacques Chirac
13382:
13377:
13372:
13366:
13363:
13362:
13354:
13353:
13346:
13339:
13331:
13322:
13321:
13319:
13318:
13313:
13308:
13302:
13300:
13294:
13293:
13291:
13290:
13285:
13280:
13275:
13270:
13265:
13260:
13255:
13250:
13245:
13240:
13235:
13230:
13225:
13220:
13215:
13213:Fogh Rasmussen
13210:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13190:
13185:
13180:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13160:
13155:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13095:
13090:
13085:
13080:
13075:
13070:
13065:
13060:
13055:
13050:
13045:
13040:
13035:
13030:
13025:
13020:
13015:
13010:
13005:
13000:
12995:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12965:
12959:
12957:
12949:
12948:
12938:
12937:
12930:
12923:
12915:
12906:
12905:
12900:
12899:
12897:
12896:
12884:
12872:
12863:Corinne Lepage
12860:
12848:
12836:
12824:
12812:
12800:
12788:
12776:
12764:
12752:
12740:
12727:
12725:
12721:
12720:
12718:
12717:
12704:
12702:
12695:
12694:
12692:
12691:
12682:Jacques Chirac
12678:
12676:
12672:
12671:
12663:
12662:
12655:
12648:
12640:
12631:
12630:
12628:
12627:
12615:
12603:
12591:
12579:
12567:
12555:
12542:
12540:
12536:
12535:
12533:
12532:
12519:
12517:
12510:
12509:
12507:
12506:
12497:Jacques Chirac
12493:
12491:
12487:
12486:
12478:
12477:
12470:
12463:
12455:
12446:
12445:
12443:
12442:
12433:Pierre Lambert
12430:
12418:
12406:
12394:
12385:André Lajoinie
12382:
12370:
12357:
12355:
12351:
12350:
12348:
12347:
12338:Jacques Chirac
12334:
12332:
12325:
12324:
12322:
12321:
12308:
12306:
12302:
12301:
12293:
12292:
12285:
12278:
12270:
12261:
12260:
12258:
12257:
12245:
12233:
12221:
12212:Michel Crépeau
12209:
12197:
12185:
12173:
12164:Jacques Chirac
12160:
12158:
12154:
12153:
12151:
12150:
12137:
12135:
12128:
12127:
12125:
12124:
12111:
12109:
12105:
12104:
12096:
12095:
12088:
12081:
12073:
12067:
12064:
12063:
12051:
12050:
12048:
12047:
12042:
12037:
12032:
12030:Jacques Chirac
12026:
12024:
12023:(1977âpresent)
12020:
12019:
12017:
12016:
12011:
12005:
12003:
11999:
11998:
11996:
11995:
11993:Armand Marrast
11990:
11984:
11982:
11978:
11977:
11970:
11968:
11966:
11965:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11940:
11934:
11932:
11928:
11927:
11920:
11919:
11912:
11905:
11897:
11888:
11887:
11885:
11884:
11878:
11871:
11869:
11865:
11864:
11862:
11861:
11856:
11851:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11831:
11826:
11821:
11816:
11811:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11761:
11756:
11751:
11746:
11741:
11736:
11731:
11726:
11720:
11718:
11716:Fifth Republic
11712:
11711:
11709:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11643:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11602:
11600:
11594:
11593:
11591:
11590:
11585:
11580:
11575:
11569:
11567:
11559:
11558:
11556:
11555:
11550:
11545:
11540:
11535:
11529:
11527:
11521:
11520:
11518:
11517:
11512:
11507:
11502:
11497:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11407:
11402:
11397:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11377:
11372:
11367:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11247:
11242:
11237:
11232:
11227:
11225:Casimir-Perier
11222:
11217:
11212:
11207:
11202:
11197:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11172:
11167:
11162:
11157:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11127:
11122:
11117:
11112:
11107:
11102:
11097:
11092:
11086:
11084:
11082:Third Republic
11078:
11077:
11075:
11074:
11068:
11066:
11058:
11057:
11055:
11054:
11049:
11043:
11041:
11035:
11034:
11032:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11000:
10998:
10992:
10991:
10989:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10968:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10943:
10938:
10933:
10928:
10923:
10918:
10912:
10910:
10904:
10903:
10901:
10900:
10895:
10890:
10885:
10880:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10859:
10857:
10851:
10850:
10843:
10842:
10835:
10828:
10820:
10811:
10810:
10807:
10804:
10803:
10801:
10800:
10790:
10780:
10770:
10763:Jacques Chirac
10760:
10743:
10726:
10718:
10701:
10693:
10682:
10680:
10679:(1958âpresent)
10677:Fifth Republic
10673:
10672:
10670:
10669:
10652:
10638:Vincent Auriol
10634:
10632:
10625:
10624:
10622:
10621:
10604:
10587:
10570:
10553:
10539:Paul Deschanel
10536:
10519:
10502:
10485:
10468:
10451:
10434:
10417:
10400:
10386:Adolphe Thiers
10382:
10380:
10377:Third Republic
10373:
10372:
10370:
10369:
10351:
10349:
10342:
10341:
10334:
10333:
10326:
10319:
10311:
10302:
10301:
10297:
10296:
10293:George W. Bush
10291:
10288:
10277:
10276:
10271:
10268:
10258:
10253:
10249:
10248:
10244:
10243:
10238:
10235:
10226:Honorary Canon
10222:
10217:
10213:
10212:
10206:
10205:
10200:
10197:
10192:
10188:
10187:
10182:
10179:
10152:
10147:
10143:
10142:
10141:Regnal titles
10138:
10137:
10132:
10129:
10119:
10113:
10112:
10107:
10104:
10097:Leader of the
10094:
10082:
10078:
10077:
10073:
10072:
10067:
10064:
10055:
10050:
10046:
10045:
10040:
10037:
10028:
10025:Laurent Fabius
10023:
10019:
10018:
10013:
10010:
10005:Mayor of Paris
10001:
9995:
9994:
9989:
9986:
9977:
9974:Pierre Messmer
9972:
9968:
9967:
9962:
9959:
9950:
9945:
9941:
9940:
9935:
9932:
9923:
9913:Michel Cointat
9911:
9907:
9906:
9901:
9898:
9891:
9886:
9882:
9881:
9875:
9872:
9871:
9862:
9861:
9852:
9844:
9841:Jacques Chirac
9832:
9829:Jacques Chirac
9818:
9817:External links
9815:
9814:
9813:
9787:
9773:
9755:
9744:
9736:
9710:
9707:
9706:
9705:
9696:
9693:
9692:
9691:
9684:
9677:
9670:
9663:
9656:
9649:
9642:
9635:
9628:
9615:
9608:
9582:
9575:
9568:
9561:
9555:Jacques Chirac
9549:
9546:
9544:
9543:
9525:
9495:
9466:
9440:
9415:
9398:
9387:(in Norwegian)
9369:
9343:
9317:
9306:(in Icelandic)
9300:"OrĂ°uhafaskrĂĄ"
9291:
9269:
9243:
9225:
9199:
9167:
9141:
9122:
9111:on 4 June 2011
9091:
9089:. 12 July 2004
9065:
9035:
9005:
8989:
8964:
8933:
8910:
8877:
8846:
8813:
8782:
8756:
8725:
8696:
8664:
8662:, 2 March 2003
8645:Joshua Glenn,
8638:
8615:
8598:Taheri, Amir,
8591:
8561:
8531:
8501:
8486:
8460:
8451:FranceTVInfo,
8444:
8418:
8405:
8391:
8369:
8351:
8318:
8288:
8261:
8230:
8221:
8195:
8172:
8153:
8131:
8103:
8084:
8066:
8048:
8029:
8010:
7983:
7953:
7922:
7886:
7859:
7840:
7830:. Lanham, MD:
7814:
7783:
7752:
7726:
7702:
7677:
7660:
7630:
7611:
7594:People's Daily
7581:
7550:
7520:
7498:
7467:
7423:
7397:
7378:
7352:
7326:
7308:
7272:
7253:
7227:
7196:
7170:
7139:
7108:
7073:
7043:
7012:
6981:
6951:
6921:
6896:
6866:
6847:
6814:
6782:
6754:
6726:
6697:
6672:
6646:
6610:
6580:
6560:
6554:978-2213631493
6553:
6535:
6509:
6477:
6463:
6436:(1): 105â117.
6409:
6390:
6384:978-1137088031
6383:
6362:
6336:
6303:
6277:
6270:
6250:
6218:
6187:
6161:
6130:
6123:
6101:
6072:
6049:
6034:
6006:
5978:
5939:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5872:
5864:
5856:
5848:
5840:
5832:
5824:
5816:
5808:
5804:Oui Ă l'Europe
5800:
5792:
5782:
5779:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5754:
5741:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5724:
5711:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5694:
5692:United Kingdom
5681:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5653:
5645:
5644:
5641:
5635:
5622:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5600:
5587:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5569:
5556:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5540:Knight of the
5538:
5525:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5509:Collar of the
5507:
5494:
5486:
5485:
5482:
5478:Collar of the
5476:
5463:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5446:
5433:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5415:
5402:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5384:
5371:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5354:
5341:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5324:
5311:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5293:
5280:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5262:
5249:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5231:
5218:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5200:
5187:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5171:Knight of the
5169:
5156:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5139:
5126:
5118:
5117:
5114:
5109:
5096:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5078:
5065:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5047:
5034:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5016:
5003:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4987:Collar of the
4985:
4972:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4954:
4941:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4923:
4910:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4892:
4879:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4861:
4848:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4820:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4802:
4789:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4771:
4758:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4740:
4727:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4709:
4696:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4678:
4665:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4647:
4634:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4616:
4603:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4585:
4572:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4554:
4541:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4523:
4521:Czech Republic
4510:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4492:
4479:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4464:Collar of the
4462:
4449:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4433:Collar of the
4431:
4418:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4400:
4387:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4371:Collar of the
4369:
4356:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4338:
4325:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4251:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4235:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4219:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4204:Knight of the
4202:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4185:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4170:Knight of the
4168:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4144:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4116:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4046:
4044:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4020:
4017:André Rossinot
4014:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3957:Charles Pasqua
3954:
3951:
3945:
3942:Jacques Chirac
3928:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3885:
3879:
3869:Norbert SĂ©gard
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3805:
3799:
3796:Jacques Chirac
3782:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3726:
3724:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3689:Sainte-Féréole
3685:
3682:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3664:
3661:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:Member of the
3596:
3590:
3589:
3540:
3538:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3499:
3498:Academic works
3496:
3482:Anh Dao Traxel
3448:
3445:
3418:
3415:
3393:mayor of Paris
3309:
3306:
3251:Saddam Hussein
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3222:Bernard Le Coq
3192:
3189:
3185:Ig Nobel prize
3180:
3177:
3121:
3118:
3091:
3088:
3082:Le BĂȘbĂȘte Show
3075:Obelix and Co.
3062:
3059:
3000:Charles Michel
2988:Vladimir Putin
2968:Michel Aupetit
2943:
2940:
2936:lung infection
2850:
2847:
2822:
2819:
2778:
2775:
2743:
2740:
2718:
2715:
2689:climate change
2681:global warming
2658:European Union
2631:nuclear strike
2594:Saddam Hussein
2570:George W. Bush
2558:Vladimir Putin
2546:Vladimir Putin
2538:George W. Bush
2529:
2528:Foreign policy
2526:
2520:Unité Radicale
2501:
2498:
2447:
2444:
2432:Lutte ouvriĂšre
2426:National Front
2398:Marisa LetĂcia
2382:Main article:
2379:
2376:
2355:
2352:
2316:
2315:Defence policy
2313:
2292:Michel Roussin
2213:
2210:
2177:
2174:
2157:Vladimir Putin
2116:general strike
2052:
2051:Juppé ministry
2049:
2046:
2045:
2028:September 2019
1960:
1958:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1862:Charles Pasqua
1846:
1843:
1837:Front National
1803:Charles Pasqua
1747:Laurent Fabius
1743:liberalisation
1695:
1692:
1626:National Front
1616:HĂŽpital Cochin
1603:Pierre Juillet
1595:Call of Cochin
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1547:Third Republic
1533:
1530:
1499:prime minister
1474:
1471:
1466:call of the 43
1458:Pierre Messmer
1414:
1411:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1304:
1302:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1259:Anheuser-Busch
1196:
1193:
1175:Chirac played
1144:Cours Hattemer
1100:Sainte-Féréole
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
995:price controls
952:Mayor of Paris
837:
836:
833:
832:
827:
823:
822:
819:
815:
814:
809:
808:Branch/service
805:
804:
799:
795:
794:
790:
789:
782:
778:
777:
775:
774:
769:
763:
761:
755:
754:
744:
740:
739:
724:
720:
715:
714:
712:
708:
707:
705:
704:
698:
692:
686:
680:
679:(before 1962)
670:
669:
668:
666:
662:
661:
655:
651:
650:
647:(aged 86)
641:
637:
636:
622:
620:
616:
615:
611:
610:
607:
606:
595:
594:
590:
589:
586:
585:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
557:
551:
550:
538:
532:
531:
521:
520:
514:
513:
508:
502:
501:
496:
490:
489:
484:
482:Prime Minister
478:
477:
467:
466:
462:
461:
458:
452:
451:
442:Michel Cointat
439:
433:
432:
431:Pierre Messmer
429:
427:Prime Minister
423:
422:
412:
411:
405:
404:
399:
393:
392:
387:
381:
380:
379:Pierre Messmer
377:
375:Prime Minister
371:
370:
360:
359:
353:
352:
349:
348:
342:
335:
334:
331:
325:
324:
319:
313:
312:
302:
301:
294:
293:
288:
282:
281:
276:
270:
269:
267:
266:
263:
257:
255:
251:
250:
240:
239:
237:Mayor of Paris
233:
232:
227:
221:
220:
218:Pierre Messmer
215:
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
173:Laurent Fabius
170:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
145:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
120:
114:
113:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
89:
87:
85:Prime Minister
81:
80:
70:
69:
62:
61:
58:
57:
55:Chirac in 1997
54:
46:
45:
43:Jacques Chirac
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14128:
14117:
14114:
14112:
14109:
14107:
14104:
14102:
14099:
14097:
14094:
14092:
14089:
14087:
14084:
14082:
14079:
14077:
14074:
14072:
14069:
14067:
14064:
14062:
14059:
14057:
14054:
14052:
14049:
14047:
14044:
14042:
14039:
14037:
14034:
14032:
14029:
14027:
14024:
14022:
14019:
14017:
14014:
14012:
14009:
14007:
14004:
14002:
13999:
13997:
13994:
13992:
13989:
13987:
13984:
13982:
13979:
13977:
13974:
13972:
13969:
13967:
13964:
13962:
13959:
13957:
13954:
13952:
13949:
13947:
13944:
13942:
13939:
13937:
13934:
13932:
13929:
13927:
13924:
13922:
13919:
13917:
13914:
13912:
13909:
13907:
13904:
13902:
13899:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13889:
13887:
13884:
13882:
13879:
13877:
13874:
13872:
13869:
13867:
13864:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13852:
13849:
13847:
13844:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13834:
13832:
13829:
13827:
13824:
13822:
13819:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13783:
13781:
13771:
13761:
13760:
13757:
13744:
13741:
13739:
13736:
13734:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13724:
13721:
13720:
13718:
13714:
13707:
13703:
13700:
13696:
13693:
13689:
13688:
13686:
13682:
13675:
13672:
13669:
13666:
13663:
13660:
13659:
13657:
13653:
13646:
13642:
13638:
13635:
13632:
13628:
13625:
13624:
13622:
13618:
13611:
13608:
13605:
13602:
13599:
13596:
13593:
13590:
13587:
13584:
13581:
13578:
13575:
13572:
13569:
13566:
13565:
13563:
13557:
13550:
13547:
13544:
13541:
13538:
13535:
13534:
13532:
13526:
13519:
13516:
13513:
13510:
13507:
13504:
13501:
13498:
13497:
13495:
13489:
13482:
13479:
13476:
13473:
13470:
13467:
13464:
13461:
13458:
13455:
13454:
13452:
13450:
13444:
13440:
13431:
13426:
13424:
13419:
13417:
13412:
13411:
13408:
13396:
13393:
13391:
13388:
13386:
13383:
13381:
13378:
13376:
13373:
13371:
13370:René Tomasini
13368:
13367:
13364:
13360:
13352:
13347:
13345:
13340:
13338:
13333:
13332:
13329:
13317:
13314:
13312:
13309:
13307:
13304:
13303:
13301:
13295:
13289:
13286:
13284:
13281:
13279:
13276:
13274:
13271:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13254:
13251:
13249:
13246:
13244:
13241:
13239:
13236:
13234:
13231:
13229:
13226:
13224:
13221:
13219:
13216:
13214:
13211:
13209:
13206:
13204:
13201:
13199:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13189:
13186:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13099:
13096:
13094:
13091:
13089:
13086:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13074:
13071:
13069:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13059:
13056:
13054:
13051:
13049:
13046:
13044:
13041:
13039:
13036:
13034:
13031:
13029:
13026:
13024:
13021:
13019:
13016:
13014:
13011:
13009:
13006:
13004:
13001:
12999:
12996:
12994:
12991:
12989:
12986:
12984:
12981:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12960:
12958:
12954:
12950:
12946:
12943:
12936:
12931:
12929:
12924:
12922:
12917:
12916:
12913:
12893:
12888:
12885:
12881:
12876:
12873:
12869:
12864:
12861:
12857:
12852:
12849:
12845:
12840:
12837:
12833:
12828:
12825:
12821:
12816:
12815:Alain Madelin
12813:
12809:
12804:
12801:
12797:
12792:
12789:
12785:
12780:
12777:
12773:
12768:
12765:
12761:
12756:
12753:
12749:
12744:
12741:
12737:
12732:
12731:Lionel Jospin
12729:
12728:
12726:
12722:
12714:
12709:
12706:
12705:
12703:
12701:
12696:
12688:
12683:
12680:
12679:
12677:
12673:
12669:
12661:
12656:
12654:
12649:
12647:
12642:
12641:
12638:
12624:
12619:
12616:
12612:
12607:
12604:
12600:
12595:
12592:
12588:
12583:
12580:
12576:
12571:
12568:
12564:
12559:
12556:
12552:
12547:
12544:
12543:
12541:
12537:
12529:
12524:
12523:Lionel Jospin
12521:
12520:
12518:
12516:
12511:
12503:
12498:
12495:
12494:
12492:
12488:
12484:
12476:
12471:
12469:
12464:
12462:
12457:
12456:
12453:
12439:
12434:
12431:
12427:
12422:
12419:
12415:
12410:
12409:Pierre Juquin
12407:
12403:
12398:
12395:
12391:
12386:
12383:
12379:
12374:
12371:
12367:
12362:
12361:Raymond Barre
12359:
12358:
12356:
12352:
12344:
12339:
12336:
12335:
12333:
12331:
12326:
12318:
12313:
12310:
12309:
12307:
12303:
12299:
12291:
12286:
12284:
12279:
12277:
12272:
12271:
12268:
12254:
12249:
12246:
12242:
12237:
12234:
12230:
12225:
12222:
12218:
12213:
12210:
12206:
12201:
12198:
12194:
12189:
12188:Brice Lalonde
12186:
12182:
12177:
12174:
12170:
12165:
12162:
12161:
12159:
12155:
12147:
12142:
12139:
12138:
12136:
12134:
12129:
12121:
12116:
12113:
12112:
12110:
12106:
12102:
12094:
12089:
12087:
12082:
12080:
12075:
12074:
12071:
12065:
12058:
12046:
12043:
12041:
12038:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12027:
12025:
12021:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12009:Ătienne Arago
12007:
12006:
12004:
12000:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11986:
11985:
11983:
11979:
11974:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11935:
11933:
11929:
11925:
11918:
11913:
11911:
11906:
11904:
11899:
11898:
11895:
11882:
11879:
11876:
11873:
11872:
11870:
11866:
11860:
11857:
11855:
11852:
11850:
11847:
11845:
11842:
11840:
11837:
11835:
11832:
11830:
11827:
11825:
11822:
11820:
11817:
11815:
11812:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11744:Chaban-Delmas
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11721:
11719:
11717:
11713:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11676:MendĂšs France
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11642:
11639:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11603:
11601:
11599:
11595:
11589:
11586:
11584:
11581:
11579:
11576:
11574:
11571:
11570:
11568:
11566:
11560:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11544:
11541:
11539:
11536:
11534:
11531:
11530:
11528:
11526:
11522:
11516:
11513:
11511:
11508:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11493:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11406:
11403:
11401:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11381:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11371:
11368:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11228:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11191:
11188:
11186:
11183:
11181:
11178:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11168:
11166:
11163:
11161:
11158:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11131:
11128:
11126:
11123:
11121:
11120:A. de Broglie
11118:
11116:
11113:
11111:
11108:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11095:A. de Broglie
11093:
11091:
11088:
11087:
11085:
11083:
11079:
11073:
11070:
11069:
11067:
11065:
11062:Government of
11059:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11044:
11042:
11040:
11039:Second Empire
11036:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11001:
10999:
10997:
10993:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10951:V. de Broglie
10949:
10947:
10944:
10942:
10939:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10917:
10916:V. de Broglie
10914:
10913:
10911:
10909:
10908:July Monarchy
10905:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10879:
10876:
10874:
10871:
10869:
10866:
10864:
10861:
10860:
10858:
10856:
10852:
10848:
10841:
10836:
10834:
10829:
10827:
10822:
10821:
10818:
10805:
10798:
10794:
10791:
10788:
10784:
10781:
10778:
10774:
10771:
10768:
10764:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10747:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10730:
10727:
10724:
10723:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10705:
10702:
10699:
10698:
10694:
10691:
10687:
10684:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10674:
10665:
10660:
10656:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10639:
10636:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10626:
10617:
10612:
10608:
10607:Albert Lebrun
10605:
10600:
10595:
10591:
10588:
10583:
10578:
10574:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10557:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10540:
10537:
10532:
10527:
10523:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10506:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10489:
10486:
10481:
10476:
10472:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10455:
10452:
10447:
10442:
10438:
10435:
10430:
10425:
10421:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10404:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10387:
10384:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10374:
10365:
10360:
10356:
10353:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10343:
10339:
10332:
10327:
10325:
10320:
10318:
10313:
10312:
10309:
10294:
10285:
10284:
10278:
10274:
10265:
10264:
10256:
10255:Jean Chrétien
10250:
10245:
10241:
10232:
10231:
10227:
10220:
10214:
10211:
10207:
10203:
10195:
10189:
10185:
10175:
10174:
10168:
10167:
10158:
10157:
10150:
10144:
10139:
10135:
10126:
10125:
10118:
10114:
10110:
10101:
10100:
10090:
10085:
10079:
10074:
10070:
10061:
10060:
10053:
10047:
10043:
10042:Michel Rocard
10034:
10033:
10026:
10020:
10016:
10007:
10006:
10000:
9996:
9992:
9991:Raymond Barre
9983:
9982:
9975:
9969:
9965:
9956:
9955:
9948:
9942:
9938:
9929:
9928:
9919:
9914:
9908:
9904:
9903:Robert Boulin
9895:
9889:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9866:
9860:
9856:
9853:
9848:
9845:
9842:
9837:
9833:
9830:
9825:
9821:
9820:
9812:
9811:1-931948-68-2
9808:
9802:
9795:
9794:
9788:
9784:
9780:
9776:
9770:
9766:
9765:
9760:
9756:
9753:
9748:
9745:
9742:
9737:
9735:
9734:2-226-07664-6
9731:
9725:
9718:
9713:
9712:
9703:
9699:
9698:
9689:
9685:
9682:
9678:
9675:
9671:
9668:
9664:
9661:
9657:
9654:
9650:
9647:
9643:
9640:
9636:
9633:
9629:
9626:
9621:
9616:
9613:
9609:
9607:
9603:
9600:
9596:
9588:
9583:
9580:
9576:
9573:
9570:Bell, David.
9569:
9566:
9562:
9560:
9556:
9552:
9551:
9539:
9535:
9529:
9513:
9509:
9505:
9499:
9483:
9476:
9470:
9454:
9450:
9444:
9429:
9425:
9419:
9411:
9405:
9403:
9386:
9382:
9376:
9374:
9357:
9353:
9347:
9331:
9327:
9321:
9305:
9301:
9295:
9279:
9273:
9257:
9253:
9247:
9239:
9235:
9229:
9213:
9209:
9203:
9187:
9183:
9182:
9177:
9171:
9155:
9151:
9145:
9138:
9134:
9131:
9126:
9110:
9106:
9102:
9095:
9088:
9087:
9082:
9078:
9075:
9069:
9053:
9049:
9045:
9039:
9023:
9019:
9015:
9009:
9003:, 11 May 2006
9002:
8998:
8993:
8987:, 11 May 2006
8986:
8985:
8980:
8976:
8973:
8968:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8937:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8919:
8914:
8898:
8894:
8888:
8886:
8884:
8882:
8865:
8861:
8860:The Telegraph
8857:
8850:
8834:
8830:
8826:
8820:
8818:
8801:
8797:
8793:
8786:
8770:
8766:
8760:
8744:
8740:
8736:
8729:
8719:
8718:
8713:
8709:
8703:
8701:
8681:
8674:
8668:
8661:
8660:
8655:
8651:
8648:
8642:
8635:
8631:
8627:
8624:
8619:
8612:
8608:
8604:
8601:
8595:
8579:
8575:
8571:
8565:
8549:
8545:
8541:
8535:
8519:
8515:
8511:
8505:
8499:
8495:
8490:
8474:
8470:
8464:
8458:
8454:
8448:
8432:
8428:
8422:
8415:
8409:
8401:
8395:
8379:
8373:
8365:
8361:
8355:
8339:
8335:
8334:
8329:
8322:
8306:
8302:
8298:
8292:
8276:
8272:
8265:
8249:
8245:
8241:
8234:
8225:
8209:
8205:
8199:
8192:
8191:The Telegraph
8188:
8184:
8181:
8176:
8169:
8165:
8162:
8157:
8150:
8146:
8143:
8138:
8136:
8125:
8124:
8119:
8115:
8112:
8107:
8100:
8096:
8093:
8088:
8080:
8076:
8070:
8062:
8058:
8052:
8045:
8041:
8038:
8033:
8026:
8022:
8019:
8014:
7998:
7994:
7987:
7971:
7967:
7963:
7957:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7926:
7910:
7906:
7905:
7900:
7896:
7890:
7874:
7870:
7863:
7847:
7843:
7837:
7833:
7829:
7825:
7818:
7802:
7798:
7794:
7787:
7771:
7768:(in French).
7767:
7763:
7756:
7740:
7736:
7730:
7722:
7718:
7717:
7712:
7706:
7699:
7698:
7693:
7689:
7686:
7681:
7674:
7670:
7664:
7648:
7644:
7643:The Economist
7640:
7634:
7627:
7623:
7620:
7615:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7585:
7570:on 9 May 2008
7569:
7565:
7561:
7554:
7538:
7534:
7533:The Economist
7530:
7524:
7508:
7502:
7486:
7482:
7478:
7475:Rose, David.
7471:
7463:
7457:
7441:
7437:
7433:
7427:
7411:
7407:
7401:
7394:
7390:
7387:
7382:
7372:
7368:
7364:
7361:
7356:
7346:
7342:
7338:
7335:
7330:
7320:
7319:
7312:
7293:
7289:
7282:
7276:
7269:
7265:
7262:
7257:
7241:
7237:
7231:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7200:
7184:
7180:
7174:
7158:
7154:
7150:
7143:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7112:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7077:
7061:
7057:
7053:
7047:
7031:
7028:. Australia.
7027:
7023:
7016:
7006:
7002:
7001:Stephen Smith
6998:
6992:
6990:
6988:
6986:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6955:
6939:
6938:
6932:
6925:
6910:
6906:
6900:
6884:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6860:
6856:
6851:
6835:
6831:
6830:
6825:
6818:
6802:
6798:
6797:
6792:
6786:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6758:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6731:
6714:
6713:
6708:
6701:
6686:
6682:
6676:
6660:
6656:
6650:
6643:
6631:
6627:
6626:
6621:
6614:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6584:
6578:
6577:2-226-07664-6
6574:
6570:
6564:
6556:
6550:
6546:
6539:
6523:
6519:
6513:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6487:
6481:
6474:
6473:
6467:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6394:
6386:
6380:
6376:
6369:
6367:
6350:
6346:
6340:
6324:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6307:
6291:
6287:
6281:
6273:
6267:
6263:
6262:
6254:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6232:New Statesman
6228:
6222:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6191:
6175:
6171:
6165:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6134:
6126:
6120:
6115:
6114:
6105:
6089:
6085:
6079:
6077:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6058:
6053:
6047:
6044:
6038:
6022:
6021:
6016:
6010:
5994:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5946:
5944:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5925:
5920:
5914:
5910:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5801:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5753:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5693:
5682:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5634:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5506:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5475:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5456:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5414:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5292:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5261:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5230:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5199:
5188:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5168:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5127:
5124:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5077:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5046:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5027:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5015:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4922:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4897:
4893:
4891:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4860:
4849:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4821:
4818:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4801:
4790:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4770:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4739:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4708:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4615:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4522:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4461:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4430:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4399:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4368:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4286:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4084:
4081:
4073:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4047:This section
4045:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3969:Alain Madelin
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3919:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3901:Pierre Abelin
3899:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3882:Robert Galley
3880:
3875:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3845:Jean Lecanuet
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3788:
3772:
3769:
3761:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3727:This section
3725:
3721:
3716:
3715:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3602:: Since 2007.
3601:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3583:
3575:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3541:This section
3539:
3535:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3454:
3447:Personal life
3444:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3344:
3338:
3337:privatisation
3333:
3327:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3240:Controversies
3237:
3235:
3234:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3212:'s 2010 film
3211:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3188:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3114:
3113:Super Menteur
3109:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3028:Jean Chrétien
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2964:Saint-Sulpice
2961:
2957:
2948:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2889:Quai Voltaire
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2860:
2855:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2723:Landau-report
2714:
2712:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2439:The Economist
2433:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2418:Lionel Jospin
2415:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2100:Lionel Jospin
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:neoliberalism
2081:
2080:
2079:pensée unique
2074:
2066:
2065:ĂlysĂ©e Palace
2062:
2057:
2042:
2039:
2031:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989: â
1988:
1984:
1983:Find sources:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1961:This section
1959:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1883:CĂŽte d'Ivoire
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:1988 election
1842:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1823:New Caledonia
1820:
1816:
1815:Elysée Palace
1811:
1810:
1804:
1801:) along with
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:Stephen Smith
1788:
1779:
1775:
1774:against it).
1773:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:1986 election
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:Ronald Reagan
1700:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:1981 election
1644:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1342:
1339:
1331:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1305:This section
1303:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:White Russian
1202:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1115:
1109:
1101:
1095:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1029:laissez-faire
1025:
1020:
1015:
1014:Lionel Jospin
1011:
1007:
1002:
1000:
999:privatisation
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
967:civil servant
962:
955:
953:
949:
945:
938:
932:
920:
913:
881:
873:
849:
843:
834:
831:
828:
824:
820:
816:
813:
810:
806:
803:
800:
796:
791:
787:
783:
779:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
762:
760:
756:
753:
749:
746:3, including
745:
741:
718:
713:
709:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
674:
667:
663:
659:
656:
654:Resting place
652:
649:Paris, France
642:
638:
635:Paris, France
621:
617:
612:
608:
603:
596:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
566:
561:
560:Georges Debat
558:
552:
547:
542:
539:
533:
527:
522:
519:
515:
512:
511:Robert Boulin
509:
503:
500:
497:
491:
488:
485:
479:
473:
468:
463:
459:
453:
448:
443:
440:
434:
430:
424:
418:
413:
410:
406:
403:
400:
394:
391:
388:
382:
378:
372:
366:
361:
358:
354:
350:
340:
336:
332:
326:
323:
320:
314:
308:
303:
300:
297:President of
295:
292:
289:
283:
280:
277:
271:
264:
262:
259:
258:
256:
252:
246:
241:
238:
234:
231:
230:Raymond Barre
228:
222:
219:
216:
210:
207:
204:
200:
194:
189:
186:
185:Michel Rocard
183:
177:
174:
171:
165:
161:
157:
151:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
127:
124:
121:
115:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
98:Lionel Jospin
96:
94:
91:
90:
88:
82:
76:
71:
68:
63:
59:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
13626:
13448:Predecessors
13384:
13299:(since 2009)
13192:
13132:
12839:Bruno MĂ©gret
12689:; incumbent)
12681:
12496:
12337:
12319:; incumbent)
12224:Michel Debré
12163:
12148:; incumbent)
12045:Anne Hidalgo
12029:
11773:
11753:
11525:Vichy France
11440:Paul-Boncour
10797:2017âpresent
10762:
10720:
10695:
10488:Ămile Loubet
10280:
10273:Bill Clinton
10260:
10224:
10170:
10169:(until 2003)
10163:
10154:
10121:
10116:
10096:
10057:
10030:
10003:
9998:
9979:
9952:
9925:
9893:
9843:at Wikiquote
9763:
9701:
9687:
9680:
9673:
9666:
9659:
9652:
9645:
9638:
9631:
9624:
9611:
9594:
9578:
9571:
9564:
9554:
9537:
9528:
9516:. Retrieved
9507:
9498:
9488:14 September
9486:. Retrieved
9481:
9469:
9459:14 September
9457:. Retrieved
9452:
9443:
9431:. Retrieved
9427:
9418:
9391:14 September
9389:. Retrieved
9384:
9360:. Retrieved
9346:
9334:. Retrieved
9329:
9320:
9310:14 September
9308:. Retrieved
9303:
9294:
9282:. Retrieved
9272:
9262:14 September
9260:. Retrieved
9255:
9246:
9237:
9228:
9216:. Retrieved
9211:
9202:
9190:. Retrieved
9181:The Atlantic
9179:
9170:
9158:. Retrieved
9144:
9125:
9113:. Retrieved
9109:the original
9104:
9094:
9084:
9068:
9056:. Retrieved
9047:
9038:
9026:. Retrieved
9017:
9008:
9000:
8992:
8982:
8972:French farce
8967:
8955:. Retrieved
8946:
8936:
8929:The Guardian
8928:
8913:
8901:. Retrieved
8868:. Retrieved
8859:
8849:
8837:. Retrieved
8828:
8804:. Retrieved
8795:
8785:
8773:. Retrieved
8768:
8759:
8747:. Retrieved
8738:
8728:
8715:
8711:
8687:. Retrieved
8680:the original
8667:
8659:Boston Globe
8657:
8641:
8633:
8618:
8610:
8594:
8582:. Retrieved
8573:
8564:
8552:. Retrieved
8543:
8534:
8522:. Retrieved
8513:
8504:
8489:
8477:. Retrieved
8463:
8452:
8447:
8435:. Retrieved
8431:the original
8421:
8413:
8408:
8394:
8382:. Retrieved
8372:
8363:
8354:
8344:26 September
8342:. Retrieved
8331:
8321:
8311:18 September
8309:. Retrieved
8300:
8291:
8279:. Retrieved
8264:
8252:. Retrieved
8243:
8233:
8224:
8212:. Retrieved
8198:
8190:
8175:
8156:
8121:
8106:
8087:
8079:the original
8069:
8061:the original
8051:
8032:
8013:
8001:. Retrieved
7986:
7974:. Retrieved
7970:the original
7965:
7956:
7944:. Retrieved
7935:
7925:
7913:. Retrieved
7902:
7889:
7877:. Retrieved
7862:
7850:. Retrieved
7827:
7817:
7805:. Retrieved
7797:The National
7796:
7786:
7774:. Retrieved
7765:
7755:
7743:. Retrieved
7729:
7721:the original
7714:
7705:
7695:
7680:
7668:
7663:
7651:. Retrieved
7642:
7633:
7614:
7602:. Retrieved
7598:the original
7593:
7584:
7572:. Retrieved
7568:the original
7563:
7553:
7541:. Retrieved
7532:
7523:
7511:. Retrieved
7501:
7489:. Retrieved
7481:The Guardian
7480:
7470:
7444:. Retrieved
7440:the original
7435:
7426:
7414:. Retrieved
7410:the original
7400:
7381:
7370:
7355:
7344:
7329:
7316:
7311:
7299:. Retrieved
7292:the original
7287:
7275:
7256:
7244:. Retrieved
7230:
7218:. Retrieved
7209:
7199:
7187:. Retrieved
7183:the original
7173:
7161:. Retrieved
7152:
7142:
7130:. Retrieved
7121:
7111:
7086:
7082:
7076:
7064:. Retrieved
7056:The Guardian
7055:
7046:
7034:. Retrieved
7025:
7015:
7004:
6997:Françafrique
6972:. Retrieved
6963:
6954:
6942:. Retrieved
6940:. p. A1
6935:
6924:
6912:. Retrieved
6908:
6899:
6887:. Retrieved
6883:the original
6878:
6869:
6858:
6850:
6838:. Retrieved
6829:The Guardian
6827:
6817:
6805:. Retrieved
6794:
6785:
6773:. Retrieved
6767:
6757:
6746:the original
6717:. Retrieved
6710:
6700:
6688:. Retrieved
6684:
6675:
6663:. Retrieved
6659:The Guardian
6658:
6649:
6641:
6634:. Retrieved
6623:
6613:
6601:. Retrieved
6592:
6583:
6568:
6563:
6544:
6538:
6528:26 September
6526:. Retrieved
6512:
6500:. Retrieved
6496:the original
6489:
6480:
6470:
6466:
6433:
6429:
6393:
6374:
6353:. Retrieved
6349:the original
6339:
6329:28 September
6327:. Retrieved
6318:The Guardian
6316:
6306:
6294:. Retrieved
6280:
6260:
6253:
6241:. Retrieved
6237:the original
6230:
6221:
6209:. Retrieved
6200:
6190:
6178:. Retrieved
6164:
6152:. Retrieved
6143:
6133:
6112:
6104:
6092:. Retrieved
6088:the original
6067:
6052:
6042:
6037:
6025:. Retrieved
6018:
6009:
5997:. Retrieved
5990:
5981:
5969:. Retrieved
5954:
5934:the original
5922:
5913:
5781:Publications
5772:
5603:Grand Cordon
5572:Grand Cordon
5413:South Africa
4290:coat of arms
4147:Grand Master
4119:Grand Master
4076:
4067:
4056:Please help
4051:verification
4048:
4005:Bernard Pons
3941:
3936:
3913:André Jarrot
3795:
3790:
3764:
3758:October 2022
3755:
3740:Please help
3728:
3654:
3578:
3572:October 2022
3569:
3554:Please help
3542:
3503:
3501:
3492:Gregory Peck
3489:
3486:
3450:
3426:
3405:
3390:
3386:embezzlement
3382:
3378:Roger Romani
3357:JĂ©rĂŽme Monod
3334:
3311:
3293:invaded Iraq
3286:
3278:
3259:
3248:
3233:The Conquest
3231:
3220:
3213:
3203:
3200:Oliver Stone
3194:
3182:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3093:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3048:
3040:Hamid Karzai
3036:Bill Clinton
3004:Viktor OrbĂĄn
2962:was held at
2960:requiem mass
2953:
2921:
2914:
2903:
2895:Rafik Hariri
2874:
2872:
2864:
2859:Saint-Tropez
2835:
2827:minor stroke
2824:
2797:civil unrest
2790:
2755:
2726:
2722:
2720:
2708:
2697:
2674:
2643:
2628:
2617:
2602:
2590:Ba'ath Party
2555:
2536:Chirac with
2506:Bastille Day
2503:
2483:
2472:
2449:
2437:
2411:
2357:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2318:
2309:
2305:Eric Halphen
2276:
2237:
2230:
2226:cohabitation
2215:
2203:
2195:Vichy France
2190:World War II
2179:
2135:
2120:
2104:
2070:
2063:outside the
2061:Bill Clinton
2034:
2025:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1982:
1970:Please help
1965:verification
1962:
1906:
1899:
1895:multipartism
1875:
1859:
1848:
1809:Françafrique
1784:
1770:(CPE) after
1736:
1732:cohabitation
1721:
1708:Nancy Reagan
1668:
1664:
1651:
1645:
1634:
1591:pro-European
1588:
1564:" policies.
1555:
1535:
1525:Neo-Gaullist
1521:
1513:
1504:jeunes loups
1492:
1465:
1455:
1432:
1416:
1375:
1366:Le Bulldozer
1354:
1334:
1325:
1314:Please help
1309:verification
1306:
1278:Algerian War
1267:
1256:
1233:
1203:and found a
1198:
1174:
1168:baccalauréat
1164:. After his
1152:Lycée Carnot
1139:
1124:
1091:
1046:
1027:
1003:
956:
841:
840:
703:(2002â2007)
697:(1976â2002)
691:(1968â1976)
685:(1962â1968)
645:(2019-09-26)
555:Succeeded by
525:
506:Succeeded by
471:
456:Succeeded by
416:
397:Succeeded by
364:
333:Alain Juppé
329:Succeeded by
321:
306:
286:Succeeded by
278:
244:
225:Succeeded by
192:
180:Succeeded by
149:
130:Succeeded by
74:
36:
13796:2019 deaths
13791:1932 births
13676:(2007â2012)
13670:(2005â2007)
13664:(2002â2005)
13612:(2014â2015)
13600:(2012â2014)
13594:(2010â2012)
13588:(2008â2010)
13582:(2007â2008)
13576:(2004â2007)
13570:(2002â2004)
13551:(2014â2015)
13545:(2012â2014)
13539:(2002â2007)
13520:(2014â2015)
13514:(2012â2014)
13508:(2004â2007)
13502:(2002â2004)
13500:Alain Juppé
13483:(1976â2002)
13477:(1967â1976)
13471:(1958â1967)
13465:(1954â1958)
13459:(1947â1955)
13203:Verhofstadt
12956:(1975â2009)
12779:Noël MamÚre
12035:Jean Tiberi
12014:Jules Ferry
12002:(1870â1871)
11931:(1789â1794)
11563:Provisional
10855:Restoration
10753: [
10736: [
10722:Alain Poher
10711: [
10697:Alain Poher
10662: [
10645: [
10631:(1947â1958)
10614: [
10597: [
10590:Paul Doumer
10580: [
10563: [
10546: [
10529: [
10512: [
10495: [
10478: [
10471:FĂ©lix Faure
10461: [
10444: [
10437:Sadi Carnot
10427: [
10420:Jules Grévy
10410: [
10393: [
10379:(1870â1940)
10362: [
10348:(1848â1852)
10177:(from 2003)
10134:Alain Juppé
10087: [
10015:Jean Tiberi
9916: [
9855:Appearances
9850:(in French)
9518:27 November
9508:impo.com.uy
9214:(in French)
8957:15 December
8903:15 December
8722:(in French)
8514:Le Parisien
8437:14 November
8364:All Andorra
8281:11 December
8128:(in French)
7915:10 December
7375:(in French)
7349:(in French)
7323:(in French)
7220:28 December
7089:(4): 1â18.
7009:(in French)
6889:14 December
6863:(in French)
6715:(in French)
6502:17 December
6296:30 December
5609:of Tunisia
5444:South Korea
4151:Grand Cross
4123:Grand Cross
4103:Description
3987:René Monory
3916: [
3891: [
3872: [
3857:Simone Veil
3811: [
3517:Sciences Po
3478:Thierry Rey
3423:Clearstream
3401:Alain Juppé
3110:alter ego,
3104:puppet show
3044:Dai Bingguo
3016:Borut Pahor
3012:Saad Hariri
2650:Ehud Olmert
2556:Along with
2460:Eurosceptic
2248:Jean Tiberi
2108:Alain Juppé
2071:During the
1932:chiraquiens
1923:Alain Juppé
1716:White House
1606: [
1562:clientelist
1424:West German
1390:département
1238:Sciences Po
1177:rugby union
1129:langue d'oc
812:French Army
767:Sciences Po
563: [
544: [
536:Preceded by
494:Preceded by
445: [
437:Preceded by
385:Preceded by
317:Preceded by
291:Jean Tiberi
274:Preceded by
265:Jean Tiberi
213:Preceded by
168:Preceded by
118:Preceded by
93:Alain Juppé
18:Moh Chelali
13780:Categories
13684:Congresses
13604:Luc Chatel
13543:Luc Chatel
13492:Presidents
13395:Yves Guéna
13390:André Bord
13306:Van Rompuy
13233:Balkenende
13223:Berlusconi
13098:Mitterrand
13068:FitzGerald
13063:Mitterrand
13058:Papandreou
12827:Robert Hue
12570:Robert Hue
11565:Government
11345:Clemenceau
11280:Clemenceau
11135:Waddington
11125:Rochebouët
10863:Talleyrand
10283:Group of 8
10263:Group of 7
10234:1995â2007
10128:1976â1994
10122:Leader of
10109:André Bord
10103:1974â1975
10063:1995â2007
10036:1986â1988
10009:1977â1995
9999:New office
9985:1974â1976
9931:1972â1974
9897:1971â1972
9888:Roger Frey
9774:2745311344
8806:30 October
8741:. London.
8717:L'Histoire
8554:10 January
8524:10 January
8246:. London.
8214:13 October
8123:Libération
7938:. London.
7446:15 January
7005:L'Histoire
6859:L'Histoire
6603:17 January
6491:L'Humanité
6180:26 January
6043:ex officio
5906:References
4367:Azerbaijan
4070:March 2022
3710:Ministries
3642:Member of
3410:See also:
3161:Sinsemilia
3149:Les Wampas
3126:Parabellum
3024:Tony Blair
2875:ex officio
2857:Chirac in
2821:Retirement
2810:volte-face
2758:referendum
2717:Flight tax
2574:Tony Blair
2475:Madagascar
2446:Early term
2368:Boeing 747
2354:Close call
2323:Clemenceau
2148:'s Gabon.
2146:Omar Bongo
2098:candidate
2092:radicalise
1998:newspapers
1702:President
1558:Motocrotte
1537:office of
1219:L'Humanité
1189:second row
1038:John Major
798:Allegiance
759:Alma mater
629:1932-11-29
541:Ălie Rouby
499:Roger Frey
13770:Biography
13716:Movements
13288:Reinfeldt
13278:TopolĂĄnek
13103:Andreotti
13043:JĂžrgensen
12993:JĂžrgensen
12988:Tindemans
12983:Callaghan
11883:(defunct)
11834:Cazeneuve
11789:Bérégovoy
11724:De Gaulle
11706:De Gaulle
11573:De Gaulle
11495:Chautemps
11465:Doumergue
11455:Chautemps
11410:Chautemps
11350:Millerand
11315:Doumergue
11240:Bourgeois
11205:Freycinet
11180:Freycinet
11165:FalliĂšres
11155:Freycinet
11140:Freycinet
11014:Cavaignac
10893:Martignac
10883:Richelieu
10873:Dessolles
10868:Richelieu
10787:2012â2017
10777:2007â2012
10767:1995â2007
10750:1981â1995
10733:1974â1981
10725:(interim)
10708:1969â1974
10700:(interim)
10690:1959â1969
10659:1954â1959
10655:René Coty
10642:1947â1954
10611:1932â1940
10594:1931â1932
10577:1924â1931
10560:1920â1924
10526:1913â1920
10509:1906â1913
10492:1899â1906
10475:1895â1899
10458:1894â1895
10441:1887â1894
10424:1879â1887
10407:1873â1879
10390:1871â1873
10359:1848â1851
10160:1995â2007
9783:800518999
9709:In French
9105:The Times
9001:The Times
8984:The Times
8584:9 January
7852:21 August
7776:1 October
7318:Le Figaro
7095:0882-1267
6450:1537-6370
6243:1 January
6211:1 January
6027:22 August
5999:22 August
5971:22 August
5107:Palestine
4890:Lithuania
4859:Lithuania
3851:René Haby
3729:does not
3543:does not
3108:superhero
2917:pacemaker
2562:Hu Jintao
2510:motorcade
2494:Hu Jintao
2360:G7 Summit
2270:Le Figaro
2096:Socialist
1622:Yvan Blot
1063:. At the
1024:dirigisme
821:1954â1957
781:Signature
526:In office
472:In office
417:In office
365:In office
307:In office
245:In office
202:President
193:In office
159:President
150:In office
75:In office
65:22nd
13263:SĂłcrates
13253:Vanhanen
13248:SchĂŒssel
13188:Guterres
13183:Lipponen
13178:Schröder
13138:GonzĂĄlez
13093:GonzĂĄlez
13048:SchlĂŒter
13033:Thatcher
12963:Cosgrave
12698:Lost in
12513:Lost in
12328:Lost in
12131:Lost in
11839:Philippe
11814:Villepin
11809:Raffarin
11794:Balladur
11734:Pompidou
11701:Pflimlin
11696:Gaillard
11646:Queuille
11636:Queuille
11626:Queuille
11606:Ramadier
11505:Daladier
11475:Bouisson
11460:Daladier
11445:Daladier
11395:Poincaré
11380:Painlevé
11365:Poincaré
11340:Painlevé
11300:Poincaré
11295:Caillaux
11150:Gambetta
11047:Ollivier
11024:Hautpoul
10921:Laffitte
10898:Polignac
9761:(2004).
9602:Archived
9512:Archived
9362:23 March
9356:Archived
9186:Archived
9154:Archived
9133:Archived
9077:Archived
9058:20 April
9052:Archived
9048:BBC News
9028:18 April
9022:Archived
8975:Archived
8951:Archived
8921:Archived
8897:Archived
8864:Archived
8833:Archived
8829:BBC News
8800:Archived
8743:Archived
8650:Archived
8626:Archived
8603:Archived
8578:Archived
8548:Archived
8544:Télérama
8518:Archived
8473:Archived
8338:Archived
8305:Archived
8275:Archived
8254:10 March
8248:Archived
8208:Archived
8183:Archived
8164:Archived
8145:Archived
8114:Archived
8095:Archived
8040:Archived
8021:Archived
8003:19 April
7997:Archived
7976:20 April
7946:20 April
7940:Archived
7909:Archived
7879:22 April
7873:Archived
7846:Archived
7807:21 April
7801:Archived
7770:Archived
7745:5 August
7739:Archived
7688:Archived
7647:Archived
7622:Archived
7604:20 April
7574:20 April
7543:5 August
7537:Archived
7513:20 April
7507:"Europe"
7485:Archived
7456:cite web
7416:20 April
7389:Archived
7371:Le Monde
7363:Archived
7345:Le Monde
7337:Archived
7264:Archived
7240:Archived
7214:Archived
7189:20 April
7163:24 March
7157:Archived
7132:24 March
7126:Archived
7103:42844330
7066:24 March
7060:Archived
7036:20 April
7030:Archived
6968:Archived
6964:Le Monde
6834:Archived
6801:Archived
6796:BBC News
6712:Le Monde
6636:14 March
6630:Archived
6597:Archived
6522:Archived
6472:France 3
6458:24517586
6401:Archived
6323:Archived
6290:Archived
6205:Archived
6174:Archived
6148:Archived
6094:20 April
6060:Archived
6015:"Chirac"
5987:"Chirac"
5965:Archived
5884:See also
5752:Holy See
5229:Portugal
5198:Portugal
3458:Laurence
3347:and the
3302:Gulf War
3262:dictator
3260:de facto
3179:Ig Nobel
3156:Guignols
2598:Iraq War
2406:BrasĂlia
2281:Le Monde
2140:and the
1755:Devaquet
1652:de facto
1449:Le Monde
1403:May 1968
1378:Gaullist
1328:May 2017
1201:Sanskrit
1156:and the
1135:Catholic
1114:peasants
987:Gaullist
743:Children
671:See list
13283:Fischer
13273:Sarkozy
13238:Juncker
13218:Simitis
13198:Persson
13163:Juncker
13128:Dehaene
13108:Lubbers
13088:Martens
13083:Lubbers
13038:Martens
13028:Van Agt
13018:Haughey
13013:Cossiga
12998:Schmidt
12978:Den Uyl
11868:Related
11859:Barnier
11824:Ayrault
11784:Cresson
11749:Messmer
11631:Bidault
11621:Schuman
11611:Schuman
11583:Bidault
11543:Flandin
11510:Reynaud
11485:Sarraut
11470:Flandin
11450:Sarraut
11435:Herriot
11430:Tardieu
11415:Tardieu
11405:Tardieu
11390:Herriot
11375:Herriot
11355:Leygues
11325:Viviani
11310:Barthou
11275:Sarrien
11270:Rouvier
11250:Brisson
11195:Floquet
11190:Rouvier
11175:Brisson
11160:Duclerc
11130:Dufaure
11110:Dufaure
11090:Dufaure
11029:Faucher
10946:Mortier
10888:VillĂšle
10878:Decazes
10228:of the
10171:, then
9704:(2012).
9559:excerpt
9433:5 March
9336:5 March
9284:5 March
9218:5 March
9192:28 June
9160:28 June
8870:8 March
8839:8 March
8769:Capital
8708:Orléans
8689:13 June
8273:. CNN.
7653:8 March
7491:21 July
7301:17 July
7246:21 June
7026:The Age
6974:30 July
6879:Le Post
6840:29 July
6593:CVCE.eu
6355:30 June
6041:He was
5961:Longman
5722:Uruguay
5633:Ukraine
5605:of the
5598:Tunisia
5567:Tunisia
5382:Senegal
5260:Romania
5014:Morocco
4983:Moldova
4800:Lebanon
4676:Iceland
4614:Hungary
4583:Finland
4552:Estonia
4429:Bolivia
4336:Austria
4309:Country
4153:of the
4129:of the
4030:Honours
3750:removed
3735:sources
3657:CorrĂšze
3564:removed
3549:sources
3320:CorrĂšze
3266:Baghdad
3070:Asterix
2885:on the
2732:UNITAID
2693:volcano
2424:of the
2258:in the
2012:scholar
1878:Abidjan
1690:(UDF).
1638:faience
1585:(1986).
1543:Commune
1386:CorrĂšze
1361:protégé
1119:CorrĂšze
1108:CorrĂšze
927:French:
737:
725:
721:
660:, Paris
13756:Portal
13606:(2014)
13316:Michel
13258:Merkel
13193:Chirac
13153:Bruton
13133:Chirac
13113:Cavaco
13078:Santer
13023:Werner
12700:runoff
12675:Winner
12515:runoff
12490:Winner
12330:runoff
12305:Winner
12133:runoff
12108:Winner
11981:(1848)
11844:Castex
11819:Fillon
11804:Jospin
11779:Rocard
11774:Chirac
11769:Fabius
11764:Mauroy
11754:Chirac
11686:Mollet
11671:Laniel
11651:Pleven
11641:Pleven
11548:Darlan
11533:PĂ©tain
11515:PĂ©tain
11400:Briand
11385:Briand
11360:Briand
11330:Briand
11305:Briand
11285:Briand
11265:Combes
11245:MĂ©line
11210:Loubet
11200:Tirard
11185:Goblet
11105:Buffet
11100:Cissey
11072:Trochu
11019:Barrot
10981:Guizot
10971:Thiers
10956:Thiers
10936:GĂ©rard
10926:Perier
9859:C-SPAN
9809:
9781:
9771:
9732:
9599:online
9115:20 May
8775:6 July
8749:6 July
8479:7 June
8414:Screen
7838:
7673:online
7101:
7093:
6944:14 May
6914:14 May
6832:. UK.
6807:5 June
6775:19 May
6719:19 May
6690:19 May
6665:19 May
6575:
6551:
6456:
6448:
6381:
6268:
6154:7 June
6121:
5924:Lexico
5749:
5719:
5689:
5661:
5630:
5595:
5564:
5536:Sweden
5533:
5502:
5471:
5441:
5410:
5379:
5352:Russia
5349:
5322:Russia
5319:
5291:Russia
5288:
5257:
5226:
5195:
5167:Poland
5164:
5137:Poland
5134:
5104:
5076:Norway
5073:
5045:Norway
5042:
5011:
4980:
4952:Monaco
4949:
4918:
4887:
4856:
4828:
4797:
4769:Latvia
4766:
4738:Kuwait
4735:
4707:Jordan
4704:
4673:
4642:
4611:
4580:
4549:
4518:
4490:Canada
4487:
4460:Brazil
4457:
4426:
4395:
4364:
4333:
4312:Honour
4306:Ribbon
4294:knight
4149:&
4121:&
4100:Ribbon
3475:judoka
3463:Claude
3370:Canard
3314:felony
3270:Osirak
3257:, but
3253:(then
2883:duplex
2861:, 2010
2671:, 2006
2564:, and
2486:Alstom
2408:, 2006
2288:Francs
2171:, 2003
2159:, 2001
2067:, 1999
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1985:
1918:fidels
1641:bidets
1489:, 1975
1487:Neptun
1443:SAFARI
1426:, and
1274:Saumur
989:party
748:Claude
731:
711:Spouse
254:Deputy
13268:JanĆĄa
13243:Blair
13228:Ahern
13208:Aznar
13173:Klima
13168:Blair
13148:Prodi
13118:Major
13073:Craxi
13008:Lynch
12973:Thorn
12868:Cap21
11854:Attal
11849:Borne
11829:Valls
11799:Juppé
11759:Barre
11729:Debré
11681:Faure
11666:Mayer
11661:Pinay
11656:Faure
11616:Marie
11578:Gouin
11553:Laval
11538:Laval
11480:Laval
11425:Laval
11420:Steeg
11335:Ribot
11320:Ribot
11290:Monis
11255:Dupuy
11235:Ribot
11230:Dupuy
11220:Dupuy
11215:Ribot
11170:Ferry
11145:Ferry
11115:Simon
11009:Arago
10976:Soult
10966:Soult
10941:Maret
10931:Soult
10757:]
10740:]
10715:]
10666:]
10649:]
10618:]
10601:]
10584:]
10567:]
10550:]
10533:]
10516:]
10499:]
10482:]
10465:]
10448:]
10431:]
10414:]
10397:]
10366:]
10287:2003
10267:1996
10164:With
10091:]
9958:1974
9920:]
9591:'
9478:(PDF)
8683:(PDF)
8676:(PDF)
8574:Slate
8384:4 May
7295:(PDF)
7284:(PDF)
7099:JSTOR
6749:(PDF)
6742:(PDF)
6454:JSTOR
5769:Other
5762:1996
5731:1996
5671:1997
5643:1997
5612:2003
5577:1986
5546:2000
5515:1999
5505:Spain
5484:2006
5474:Spain
5453:2000
5423:1996
5392:2005
5361:1997
5331:2003
5301:1997
5270:1998
5239:2000
5208:1975
5177:2000
5116:1996
5086:1988
5055:2000
5024:1987
4993:1998
4962:1997
4931:1996
4900:2001
4869:1999
4838:2004
4810:2012
4779:2006
4748:2006
4717:2012
4686:1983
4655:1999
4645:Italy
4624:2001
4593:1999
4562:2001
4531:1997
4500:1987
4439:1997
4408:1996
4398:Benin
4377:2007
4346:1998
4315:Year
4292:as a
4127:Order
4106:Year
3920:]
3895:]
3876:]
3815:]
3374:)
3330:)
3202:film
3134:Zebda
2452:right
2301:)
2084:)
2019:JSTOR
2005:books
1887:)
1610:]
1539:mayor
1493:When
1185:no. 8
1181:Brive
977:. In
915:
735:)
727:(
723:
567:]
548:]
449:]
13706:2012
13699:2004
13692:2002
13645:2012
13641:2007
13631:2002
13311:Tusk
13143:Dini
13053:Kohl
12968:Moro
12808:CPNT
12438:MPPT
11588:Blum
11500:Blum
11490:Blum
10986:Molé
10961:Molé
10543:1920
9807:ISBN
9779:OCLC
9769:ISBN
9730:ISBN
9520:2020
9490:2023
9461:2023
9435:2024
9393:2023
9364:2021
9338:2024
9312:2023
9286:2024
9264:2023
9220:2024
9194:2019
9162:2019
9117:2018
9060:2010
9030:2016
8959:2011
8905:2011
8872:2011
8841:2011
8808:2009
8777:2008
8751:2008
8691:2010
8586:2020
8556:2020
8526:2020
8481:2021
8439:2019
8386:2022
8346:2019
8313:2016
8283:2015
8256:2016
8216:2021
8005:2017
7978:2010
7948:2010
7917:2017
7881:2021
7854:2021
7836:ISBN
7809:2020
7778:2019
7747:2019
7655:2011
7606:2010
7576:2010
7545:2007
7515:2010
7493:2016
7462:link
7448:2022
7418:2010
7303:2014
7248:2018
7222:2017
7191:2010
7165:2020
7134:2020
7091:ISSN
7068:2020
7038:2010
6976:2021
6946:2022
6916:2022
6891:2014
6842:2010
6809:2020
6777:2022
6721:2022
6692:2022
6667:2022
6638:2010
6605:2020
6573:ISBN
6549:ISBN
6530:2019
6504:2011
6446:ISSN
6379:ISBN
6357:2015
6331:2019
6298:2019
6266:ISBN
6245:2020
6213:2020
6182:2021
6156:2021
6119:ISBN
6096:2010
6029:2019
6001:2019
5973:2019
3733:any
3731:cite
3547:any
3545:cite
3279:The
3272:MTR
3230:and
2924:gout
2785:and
2750:and
2586:Iraq
2572:and
2329:Foch
2260:HLMs
1991:news
1925:and
1864:and
1710:and
1601:and
1187:and
1179:for
1073:2022
1036:and
1010:1995
983:1988
981:and
979:1981
973:and
903:ÉȘÉËr
826:Rank
750:and
733:1956
640:Died
619:Born
600:see
13158:Kok
12880:FRS
12856:PRG
12844:MNR
12832:PCF
12796:LCR
12772:MDC
12748:UDF
12687:RPR
12623:FNS
12599:MPF
12575:PCF
12551:RPR
12502:RPR
12390:PCF
12366:UDF
12343:RPR
12253:PSU
12217:MRG
12193:MEP
12181:PCF
12169:RPR
12146:UDF
9857:on
7003:in
6438:doi
4060:by
3744:by
3558:by
2928:ICU
2899:RPR
2580:to
2404:in
2125:in
2086:of
1974:by
1833:'s
1821:in
1795:SAC
1714:, (
1318:by
1272:at
1261:in
1104:in
1055:'s
1044:".
863:ÉȘÉr
772:ENA
701:UMP
695:RPR
689:UDR
683:UNR
677:PCF
13782::
13643:,
12892:PT
12820:DL
12784:LV
12760:LO
12736:PS
12713:FN
12611:LV
12587:LO
12563:FN
12528:PS
12426:LO
12402:LV
12378:FN
12317:PS
12205:LO
12120:PS
10755:fr
10738:fr
10713:fr
10664:fr
10647:fr
10616:fr
10599:fr
10582:fr
10565:fr
10548:fr
10531:fr
10514:fr
10497:fr
10480:fr
10463:fr
10446:fr
10429:fr
10412:fr
10395:fr
10364:fr
10089:fr
9918:fr
9805:,
9797:,
9777:.
9749:,
9728:,
9720:,
9536:.
9510:.
9506:.
9480:.
9451:.
9426:.
9401:^
9383:.
9372:^
9354:.
9328:.
9302:.
9254:.
9236:.
9210:.
9178:.
9103:.
9083:.
9046:.
9020:.
9016:.
8999:,
8981:,
8949:.
8945:.
8927:,
8880:^
8862:.
8858:.
8827:.
8816:^
8798:.
8794:.
8767:.
8737:.
8699:^
8656:,
8632:,
8609:,
8572:.
8542:.
8512:.
8496:,
8455:,
8362:.
8336:.
8330:.
8299:.
8242:.
8134:^
8120:,
7995:.
7964:.
7934:.
7907:.
7901:.
7871:.
7844:.
7799:.
7795:.
7764:.
7713:.
7694:,
7641:.
7592:.
7562:.
7531:.
7483:.
7479:.
7458:}}
7454:{{
7434:.
7369:,
7343:,
7286:.
7212:.
7208:.
7155:.
7151:.
7124:.
7120:.
7097:.
7087:10
7085:.
7054:.
7024:.
6984:^
6962:.
6934:.
6907:.
6877:.
6826:.
6793:.
6766:.
6729:^
6709:.
6683:.
6657:.
6640:.
6628:.
6622:.
6591:.
6488:.
6452:.
6444:.
6434:31
6432:.
6428:.
6412:^
6365:^
6321:.
6315:.
6229:.
6203:.
6199:.
6146:.
6142:.
6075:^
6066:,
6017:.
5989:.
5963:.
5959:.
5953:.
5942:^
5928:.
5921:.
3918:fr
3893:fr
3874:fr
3813:fr
3494:.
3304:.
3218:.
3205:W.
3042:,
3038:,
3034:,
3030:,
3026:,
3022:,
3018:,
3014:,
3010:,
3006:,
3002:,
2998:,
2994:,
2990:,
2986:,
2982:,
2978:,
2970:,
2919:.
2817:.
2738:.
2677:G8
2600:.
2548:,
2544:,
2540:,
1857:.
1841:.
1632:.
1608:fr
1460:.
1284:.
1265:.
1137:.
1122:.
1001:.
925:;
906:ÉË
892:ÉË
882::
880:US
876:,
850::
848:UK
729:m.
565:fr
546:fr
447:fr
13758::
13647:)
13639:(
13633:)
13629:(
13429:e
13422:t
13415:v
13350:e
13343:t
13336:v
12934:e
12927:t
12920:v
12894:)
12890:(
12882:)
12878:(
12870:)
12866:(
12858:)
12854:(
12846:)
12842:(
12834:)
12830:(
12822:)
12818:(
12810:)
12806:(
12798:)
12794:(
12786:)
12782:(
12774:)
12770:(
12762:)
12758:(
12750:)
12746:(
12738:)
12734:(
12715:)
12711:(
12685:(
12659:e
12652:t
12645:v
12625:)
12621:(
12613:)
12609:(
12601:)
12597:(
12589:)
12585:(
12577:)
12573:(
12565:)
12561:(
12553:)
12549:(
12530:)
12526:(
12504:)
12500:(
12474:e
12467:t
12460:v
12440:)
12436:(
12428:)
12424:(
12416:)
12412:(
12404:)
12400:(
12392:)
12388:(
12380:)
12376:(
12368:)
12364:(
12345:)
12341:(
12315:(
12289:e
12282:t
12275:v
12255:)
12251:(
12243:)
12239:(
12231:)
12227:(
12219:)
12215:(
12207:)
12203:(
12195:)
12191:(
12183:)
12179:(
12171:)
12167:(
12144:(
12122:)
12118:(
12092:e
12085:t
12078:v
11916:e
11909:t
11902:v
10839:e
10832:t
10825:v
10799:)
10795:(
10789:)
10785:(
10779:)
10775:(
10769:)
10765:(
10759:)
10748:(
10742:)
10731:(
10717:)
10706:(
10692:)
10688:(
10668:)
10657:(
10651:)
10640:(
10620:)
10609:(
10603:)
10592:(
10586:)
10575:(
10569:)
10558:(
10552:)
10541:(
10535:)
10524:(
10518:)
10507:(
10501:)
10490:(
10484:)
10473:(
10467:)
10456:(
10450:)
10439:(
10433:)
10422:(
10416:)
10405:(
10399:)
10388:(
10368:)
10357:(
10330:e
10323:t
10316:v
9785:.
9522:.
9492:.
9463:.
9437:.
9412:.
9395:.
9366:.
9340:.
9314:.
9288:.
9266:.
9222:.
9196:.
9164:.
9119:.
9062:.
9032:.
8961:.
8907:.
8874:.
8843:.
8810:.
8779:.
8753:.
8693:.
8588:.
8558:.
8528:.
8483:.
8441:.
8402:.
8388:.
8348:.
8315:.
8285:.
8258:.
8218:.
8007:.
7980:.
7950:.
7919:.
7883:.
7856:.
7811:.
7780:.
7749:.
7675:.
7657:.
7608:.
7578:.
7547:.
7517:.
7495:.
7464:)
7450:.
7420:.
7305:.
7250:.
7224:.
7193:.
7167:.
7136:.
7105:.
7070:.
7040:.
6978:.
6948:.
6918:.
6893:.
6844:.
6811:.
6779:.
6723:.
6694:.
6669:.
6607:.
6557:.
6532:.
6506:.
6460:.
6440::
6387:.
6359:.
6333:.
6300:.
6274:.
6247:.
6215:.
6184:.
6158:.
6127:.
6098:.
6070:.
6031:.
6003:.
5975:.
4083:)
4077:(
4072:)
4068:(
4054:.
3771:)
3765:(
3760:)
3756:(
3752:.
3738:.
3585:)
3579:(
3574:)
3570:(
3566:.
3552:.
3514:(
2041:)
2035:(
2030:)
2026:(
2016:·
2009:·
2002:·
1995:·
1968:.
1880:(
1341:)
1335:(
1330:)
1326:(
1312:.
1079:.
912:/
909:k
900:Ê
895:k
889:Ê
886:/
872:/
869:k
866:ĂŠ
860:Ê
857:Ë
854:/
844:(
631:)
627:(
605:)
598:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_(cropped).jpg)