409:(OAU) seated Western Sahara for the first time in 1982, despite Morocco's vehement objections. This led to Morocco's withdrawal from the OAU two years later. In 1985, Abdelaziz was elected as Vice-President of the OAU at its 21st summit, effectively signalling that the Sahrawi Republic would be a permanent OAU member despite the controversy. When the
40:
450:
There was some criticism against
Abdelaziz from within the Polisario for preventing reforms inside the movement, and for insisting on a diplomatic course which had gained few concessions from Morocco, rather than re-launching the armed struggle favored by many within the movement. The only supposedly
393:
of western
Algeria. According to some former members of Polisario now aligned with Morocco, Abdelaziz was "chosen" by Algeria at the top of the organization although he did not belong to the very closed circle of the organization's founders and "he always considered himself to be their man." Under
458:
Abdelaziz condemned terrorism, insisting the
Polisario's guerrilla war is to be a "clean struggle" (that is, not targeting private citizens' safety or property); he however acknowledged mistreatment to Moroccan prisoners of war as well as attacking civilian populations in Moroccan cities by the
797:
Rapport de
Mission d’observateurs au proces en appel de Ennaama Asfari et de la Mission d’enquete qui s’est deroulee du 6 au 9 Mai 2007 dans les Territoires Occupes (Laayoune et Smara) pour l’Association franÇaise «Droit Solidarite» et l’Association Internationale des Juristes
1032:
381:
Abdelaziz was also the first president of the SADR from August 1982, after a change made in the constitution by the fifth general congress of the
Polisario, deciding the post were to be held by the secretary-general of the Polisario.
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455:, which states that it wants to continue with militant attacks. Abdelaziz specifically denied the existence of such a group; he maintained that only the Polisario exists in the camps.
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463:, justifying this as necessary evils in times of war and that the Polisario had to use every means in order to defend the Sahrawi population from the enemy.
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Abdelaziz was considered a secular nationalist and steered the
Polisario and the Sahrawi republic towards political compromise, notably in backing the
1067:
246:
55:
1008:
712:
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In
December 2005, as leader of the Polisario Front, he received the Spanish Human Rights Association's "Human Rights International Prize".
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598:"El pueblo nos pide volver a la guerra, pero creemos que con el apoyo internacional la solución pacífica es posible"
619:"Esperamos que la comunidad internacional presione a Marruecos para recuperar nuestro derecho de autodeterminación"
941:
1198:
1173:
742:"Le père du dirigeant du Polisario et le garde-corps préféré du roi parmi les bénéficiaires d'agréments | Demain"
961:
1372:
452:
1382:
406:
402:
in 1980s. With the wall limiting attacks, Abdelaziz turned to diplomatic measures to secure SADR's future.
370:(1975–1991). From 1976 until his death, Abdelaziz was Secretary-General of the Polisario Front, replacing
1317:
812:
1387:
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in 2002. His brother is
Mohamed Lahbib Rguibi, lawyer of many Sahrawi human rights activists such as
82:
78:
362:
in 1973. Shortly after Spain relinquished control of the area to
Mauritania and Morocco in the 1975
1097:
342:
of Rabat, he gravitated towards
Sahrawi nationalism, and became one of the founding members of the
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716:
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against Morocco and Mauritania, until the latter's withdrawal in 1979 and the construction of the
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413:(AU) replaced the OAU in 2001, Abdelaziz was elected as AU vice-president at its first summit.
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218:
90:
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1307:
8:
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1183:
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300:
303:. Abdelaziz's father lived in Morocco with a part of his family and was a member of the
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1119:
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584:
Mohamed Abdelaziz: «El Sáhara no puede ser moneda de cambio entre España y Marruecos»
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86:
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366:, Polisario declared the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), leading to the
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117:
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De la case africaine à la villa romaine: un demi-siècle au service de l'état
1136:
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Akyeampong, Emmanuel K.; Gates, Jr., Henry Louis; Niven, Steven J. (2012).
39:
775:
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332:
816:
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710:
444:
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312:
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307:. His father held two transport licences in Morocco for buses serving
320:
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261:
483:"President Mohamed Abdelaziz buried in liberated town of Bir-Lehlou"
273:
1122:
Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro
285:
176:
172:
346:, a Sahrawi independence movement in Western Sahara with strong
924:
308:
265:
258:
Mohamed Abdelaziz ben Khalili ben Mohamed al-Bachir Er-Rguibi
152:
140:
Mohamed Abdelaziz ben Khalili ben Mohamed al-Bachir Er-Rguibi
374:, who had taken the post as interim Secretary-General after
1033:
Mohamed Abdelaziz: Carta abierta al rey de Marruecos (1999)
871:
Western Sahara: War, Nationalism, and Conflict Irresolution
772:"Aminetu Haidar reaparece en un tenso juicio en Casablanca"
844:
521:, Oxford University Press, 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
517:
In: Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong, Henry Louis Gates (eds.)
644:"Le père de Mohamed Abdelaziz voterait pour le Maroc"
873:
Syracuse University Press. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
849:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 13–14.
1363:Presidents of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
247:President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1299:
675:
976:"Polisario Front leader Mohamed Abdelaziz dies"
908:Recognition of Governments in International Law
423:on 31 May 2016, aged 68, and was buried in the
711:Ahmed R. Benchemsi and Mehdi Sekkouri Alaoui.
1105:
962:"Mort du chef du Polisario Mohamed Abdelaziz"
335:" in Moroccan prisons between 1976 and 1991.
678:"De Rguibi Khalili à son fils Abdelaziz ..."
241:; 17 August 1947 – 31 May 2016) was the 3rd
1112:
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910:(1998), Oxford University Press, page 187.
863:
706:
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669:
638:
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305:Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs
38:
847:Dictionary of African Biography, Volume 2
519:Dictionary of African Biography, Volume 6
549:
510:
508:
319:. The first license was given to him by
243:Secretary General of the Polisario Front
699:
666:
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530:
1300:
840:
838:
836:
834:
1093:
931:from the original on 28 October 2002.
736:
734:
505:
68:30 August 1976 – 31 May 2016
676:Gazette du Maroc (24 October 2005).
577:
524:
477:
475:
378:was killed in action in Mauritania.
293:Khalili Ben Mohamed Al-Bachir Rguibi
249:from 1982, until his death in 2016.
1041:President of the SADR photo gallery
942:APDHE – Memoria de actividades 2005
831:
394:Abdelaziz, Polisario continued its
238:
16:Sahrawi President from 1976 to 2016
13:
1323:Deaths from lung cancer in Algeria
731:
14:
1404:
1068:President of the Sahrawi Republic
1026:
472:
56:President of the Sahrawi Republic
1169:Sahrawi People's Liberation Army
569:"African concord, Volumes 2–3".
493:from the original on 5 June 2016
1174:National Union of Sahrawi Women
993:
968:
954:
935:
913:
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876:
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790:
764:
1378:Sahrawi expatriates in Algeria
748:. 2 March 2012. Archived from
612:
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453:Front Polisario Khat al-Shahid
1:
1393:Members of the Reguibat tribe
1328:African democratic socialists
921:"Morocco loses out in Africa"
466:
407:Organization of African Unity
331:or Naama Asfari, and former "
1353:People from Tindouf Province
1338:Mohammed V University alumni
813:"En las mazmorras de Hassan"
276:subtribe, migrating between
252:
7:
1358:Polisario Front politicians
1154:Brahim Ghali (2016–present)
884:"UN Polisario Front report"
434:
10:
1409:
1343:Politicians from Marrakesh
535:. Harmattan. p. 174.
323:in 1983 and the second by
295:, who was a member of the
1197:
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1053:
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869:Zunes S; Mundy J (2010).
715:. Telquel. Archived from
557:Morocco Under King Hassan
385:He lived in exile in the
245:, from 1976, and the 1st
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83:Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
79:Mohamed Lamine Ould Ahmed
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21:
947:4 September 2011 at the
571:Concord Press of Nigeria
451:opposition group is the
297:Moroccan Liberation Army
29:
531:Pierret, Alain (2010).
376:El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed
713:"Au cœur du polisario"
352:launched a few attacks
288:and southern Morocco.
1373:Sahrawi Sunni Muslims
1189:Sahrawi Student Union
387:Sahrawi refugee camps
340:Mohammed V University
272:family of an eastern
219:Mohammed V University
91:Abdelkader Taleb Omar
1383:Sahrawi nationalists
687:on 29 September 2011
624:13 July 2011 at the
603:14 July 2011 at the
515:Abd al-Aziz Muhammad
487:Sahara Press Service
338:As a student in the
1184:Sahrawi Youth Union
1179:Sahrawi Trade Union
1143:Luali Mustafa Sayed
1130:Secretaries-General
1011:on 18 February 2015
1001:"ISS Africa – Home"
719:on 12 November 2013
555:Hughes, Stephen O.
356:Spanish colonialism
301:Royal Moroccan Army
1318:African socialists
1162:Mass organizations
1049:Political offices
819:. 19 November 2007
752:on 1 February 2014
652:Maghreb Arab Press
419:Abdelaziz died of
368:Western Sahara War
291:He was the son of
1388:Muslim socialists
1348:People from Smara
1295:
1294:
1149:Mohamed Abdelaziz
1088:
1087:
1075:Succeeded by
1057:Mahfoud Ali Beiba
778:. 15 October 2010
542:978-2-296-11585-9
372:Mahfoud Ali Beiba
231:Mohamed Abdelaziz
228:
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103:Mahfoud Ali Beiba
87:Mahfoud Ali Beiba
44:Abdelaziz in 2005
23:Mohamed Abdelaziz
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1054:Preceded by
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1007:. Archived from
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927:. 11 July 2002.
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896:on 14 June 2007.
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889:. Archived from
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681:Gazette du Maroc
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654:. 5 January 2002
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391:Tindouf Province
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559:, 2001, p. 247.
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489:. 4 June 2016.
481:
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461:Polisario Front
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344:Polisario Front
329:Aminatou Haidar
255:
239:محمد عبد العزيز
197:Polisario Front
193:Political party
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31:محمد عبد العزيز
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964:. 31 May 2016.
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360:Spanish Sahara
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400:Moroccan Wall
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1137:Brahim Ghali
1066:
1036:(in Spanish)
1013:. Retrieved
1009:the original
1004:
995:
983:. Retrieved
979:
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951:(in Spanish)
937:
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902:
891:the original
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821:. Retrieved
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766:
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750:the original
746:DemainOnline
745:
721:. Retrieved
717:the original
689:. Retrieved
685:the original
680:
656:. Retrieved
647:
629:(in Spanish)
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608:(in Spanish)
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587:(in Spanish)
579:
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495:. Retrieved
486:
457:
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384:
380:
350:ideas which
337:
290:
260:was born in
257:
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230:
229:
168:(2016-05-31)
113:Succeeded by
63:
1313:2016 deaths
1308:1947 births
1287:16th (2023)
1282:15th (2019)
1277:Ext. (2016)
1272:14th (2015)
1267:13th (2011)
1262:12th (2007)
1257:11th (2003)
1252:10th (1999)
1151:(1976–2016)
1145:(1974–1976)
1139:(1973–1974)
1015:18 February
985:20 December
801:(in French)
421:lung cancer
333:disappeared
325:Mohammed VI
166:31 May 2016
98:Preceded by
1333:Guerrillas
1302:Categories
1247:9th (1995)
1242:8th (1991)
1237:7th (1989)
1232:6th (1985)
1227:5th (1982)
1222:4th (1978)
1217:3rd (1976)
1212:2nd (1974)
1207:1st (1973)
1199:Congresses
1072:1976–2016
1005:ISS Africa
925:afrol News
923:. Norway:
823:19 October
798:Democrates
782:19 October
756:24 January
723:2 February
573:: 6. 1989.
467:References
445:Baker Plan
429:Bir Lehlou
313:Casablanca
284:, western
282:Mauritania
214:Alma mater
187:Bir Lehlou
146:1947-08-17
691:26 August
447:in 2003.
425:Free Zone
321:Hassan II
317:Essaouira
262:Marrakesh
253:Biography
64:In office
945:Archived
929:Archived
817:Interviú
648:Maghress
622:Archived
601:Archived
491:Archived
435:Politics
427:town of
354:against
299:and the
274:Reguibat
121:(Acting)
106:(Acting)
389:in the
358:in the
286:Algeria
270:Sahrawi
268:into a
177:Algeria
173:Tindouf
1082:Acting
1061:Acting
853:
658:25 May
539:
497:4 June
264:or in
235:Arabic
203:Spouse
894:(PDF)
887:(PDF)
309:Rabat
266:Smara
153:Smara
1017:2015
987:2017
851:ISBN
825:2010
784:2010
758:2014
725:2013
693:2011
660:2015
537:ISBN
499:2016
405:The
163:Died
136:Born
54:2nd
776:ABC
1304::
1003:.
978:.
833:^
744:.
733:^
701:^
668:^
650:.
646:.
635:^
507:^
485:.
474:^
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431:.
280:,
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175:,
155:,
1113:e
1106:t
1099:v
1019:.
989:.
859:.
827:.
786:.
760:.
727:.
695:.
662:.
545:.
501:.
315:–
311:–
233:(
148:)
144:(
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