1193:
1201:
1209:
412:, via an attack on Gaddafi's headquarters. The attack failed. Al-Magariaf, the "National Front for the Salvation of Libya" broadcast opposition propaganda into Libya. Magariaf dedicated himself to overthrowing the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya with violence. In response, Gaddafi later targeted Al-Magariaf. Subsequent to the founding of the National Front for the Salvation of Libya, el-Magariaf is one of few people who knew he was targeted by Gaddafi's bombing of
1185:
1217:
437:
419:
The NFSL was founded in 1981, as the first opposition group pushing for democratic reforms in Libya. The NFSL called for a democratic government with constitutional guarantees, free and fair elections, free press, separation of powers, non-discriminatory rule of law, gender equality, multi-partyism,
516:
mission aimed at helping the government restore security and crack down on smuggling operations in the south of the country. Magarief told reporters that his hotel was attacked by gunmen, triggering a three-hour gun battle with his personal bodyguards in which three of them were injured. Magarief
391:
He served from 1972 to 1977 as head of the board of auditors at the Libyan Arab
Republic's Revenue Court, where he proved uncomfortable for the regime because of his anti-corruption stance and was subsequently designated Libya's Ambassador to
499:
in
November. After serving as President for 9 months he resigned in May 2013 in anticipation of the political isolation law which was passed, barring him from office due to his previous role as an ambassador under the Gaddafi regime.
778:
A one-time ambassador to India, Magariaf has a consistent track record as an anti-Qaddafi stalwart, having established the NFSL in 1981 and survived no fewer than three attempts on his life by the
Qaddafi regime subsequent to
525:
Magariaf is reported to have good relations with the Muslim
Brotherhood, yet is perceived as a moderate pragmatist who led one of the most liberal parties in the 2012 election. His agenda is to focus on the Libyan economy.
31:
1463:
1478:
465:
551:(1987). "LIBYA: a country study, Chapter 4. Government and Politics: Opposition to Qadhafi: Exiled Opposition". Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
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sustainable development, and a realistic democratic road-map that benefits from Libyan, Arab and
Islamic traditions as well as democratic learning from
1483:
1147:
409:
1200:
1192:
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428:, Magariaf remained active in engaging with his political contacts, in an effort to gain international support for himself and the Libyan people.
792:
1503:
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846:
472:
356:
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Magarief, seen as a moderate
Islamist, is effectively Libya's acting head of state, but the true extent of his powers is yet to be determined.
674:
As
Speaker, Magarief is now effectively Libya's acting head of state, although the true extent of his powers remain undetermined as yet.
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360:
269:
174:
969:
408:
On 8 May 1984, el-Magariaf directed commandos from the
National Front for the Salvation of Libya led by Ahmed Ibrahim Ihwas in an
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1448:
1228:
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864:
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661:
545:
International
Strategic Studies Association, Defense & foreign affairs handbook, 2002 - Technology & Engineering
1323:
802:
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1073:
535:
Banks, Arthur S., Thomas C. Muller, and
William Overstreet. Political Handbook of the World 2008, CQ Press, 2008.
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from its first meeting in August 2012 until his resignation in May 2013. In this role he was effectively Libya's
42:
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due to his certainty that he would be purged on return. He survived at least three assassination attempts.
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491:(GNC) on 9 August 2012. He received 113 votes in Congress against 85 votes for his independent rival,
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Mr Magarief, the parliamentary speaker who acts as head of state until elections next year.
8:
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424:'s democratisation experience from South Africa, amongst others. At the onset of the
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on 4 January 2013. He had been visiting the town with a GNC delegation as part of a
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847:"On eve of Libya's first real elections, many candidates tout time spent in exile"
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460:, the formal successor of the NFSL which was dissolved on 9 May 2012, after the
1363:
1174:
871:
421:
413:
728:"Mohammed Magarief: From Libya's most hunted man to National Congress speaker"
1427:
554:
Vandewalle, Dirk (2006). History of Modern Libya. Cambridge University Press.
453:
345:
244:
508:
Magariaf survived an attempt on his life in the southwestern Libyan town of
456:, where he had spent most of his 30 years in exile. He is now the leader of
509:
1125:
763:"Analysis: Magariaf victory paves way for emergence of Abushagur as PM"
492:
396:. After being recalled to Libya in 1980, he announced his defection in
279:
69:
30:
762:
727:
586:
142:
999:
436:
381:
240:
133:
397:
686:
Libyan parliamentary chief resigns after political isolation law
482:
393:
334:
294:
970:"Reports emerge of Magarief assassination attempt in Sebha"
607:"Libya leader Magarief vows to disband illegal militias"
995:"New Libya parliament elects Mohammed Magarief as head"
466:
Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
1204:
Flag of the Libyan Arab Republic between 1972 and 1977
1196:
Flag of the Libyan Arab Republic between 1969 and 1972
794:
El Dorado Canyon: Reagan's Undeclared War with Qaddafi
1464:
National Front for the Salvation of Libya politicians
933:
931:
1074:
President of the General National Congress of Libya
440:Magariaf, alongside former U.S. Secretary of State
370:
43:
President of the General National Congress of Libya
662:"Magarief elected as Speaker of National Congress"
102:(Chairperson of the National Transitional Council)
1479:Members of the General National Congress of Libya
928:
910:"Libya GNC Chairman Muhammad al-Magarief resigns"
1425:
939:"Magarief assassination attempt fails in Sabha"
636:"Gaddafi opponent elected Libya assembly chief"
475:, Magariaf was elected congressman, within the
431:
337:politician who served as the President of the
1141:
542:, Volume 1, Issues 3-4, 1986, pp. 56–59.
321:) or, as he writes on his official website,
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721:
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713:
483:Presidency of the General National Congress
403:
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1134:
29:
700:"Profile: Libyan leader Mohamed Magariaf"
571:"Profile: Libyan leader Mohamed Magariaf"
361:National Front for the Salvation of Libya
270:National Front for the Salvation of Libya
175:National Front for the Salvation of Libya
1484:National Front Party (Libya) politicians
710:
503:
464:seized power. Magariaf is Fellow of the
435:
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750:
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1426:
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894:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
790:
487:Magariaf was elected President of the
452:, Magariaf returned to Libya from the
410:attempt to assassinate Muammar Gaddafi
1504:Libyan emigrants to the United States
1474:People of the Libyan civil war (2011)
1129:
760:
697:
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473:Libyan Congressional election of 2012
348:, until his resignation in May 2013.
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55:9 August 2012 – 28 May 2013
587:Official website of Dr. Al Magariaf
330:
13:
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1212:Flag of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
1207:
1199:
1191:
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791:Stanik, Joseph T. (May 24, 2003).
14:
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187:May 1982 – 5 August 2001
945:. 6 January 2013. Archived from
761:Grant, George (12 August 2012).
698:Jawad, Rana (October 12, 2012).
538:International Security Council,
371:Early life and opposition career
987:
961:
902:
857:
839:
820:
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517:escaped the incident unharmed.
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355:, which won three seats in the
968:Little, Tom (6 January 2013).
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384:, he studied Economics at the
351:Magariaf is the leader of the
1:
1489:Ambassadors of Libya to India
1449:Government ministers of Libya
1413:indicate interim officeholder
829:"Libya's postponed democracy"
726:Khan, Umar (11 August 2012).
558:
462:National Transitional Council
323:Dr. Mohamed Yusuf Al Magariaf
1188:Flag of the Kingdom of Libya
217:1977 – 31 July 1980
205:Ambassador of Libya to India
7:
596:. (in English & Arabic)
432:Mainstream political career
307:Mohammed Yousef el-Magariaf
238:1940 (age 83–84)
10:
1520:
1106:Commander-in-Chief of the
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235:Mohamed Yousef el-Magariaf
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807:– via Google Books.
797:. Naval Institute Press.
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1021:Party political offices
404:With the NFSL: 1984-2011
1454:Heads of state of Libya
1157:Heads of state of Libya
198:Ibrahim Abdulaziz Sahad
1260:Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
1221:
1213:
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1197:
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688:Europe Online Magazine
495:who went on to become
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386:University of Benghazi
363:against the regime of
285:University of Benghazi
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1203:
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504:Assassination attempt
439:
1469:People from Benghazi
1240:Libyan Arab Republic
1108:Libyan National Army
1034:National Front Party
638:. Al Jazeera English
477:National Front Party
458:National Front Party
353:National Front Party
255:National Front Party
168:Position established
1324:Transitional period
1229:Libya under Gaddafi
613:. 23 September 2013
333:; born 1940), is a
99:Mustafa Abdul Jalil
1222:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1118:Giuma Ahmed Atigha
1084:Giuma Ahmed Atigha
1063:Mohammed Ali Salim
1055:Political offices
1044:Mohamed Ali Darrat
949:on 16 January 2013
851:The World from PRX
592:2014-05-06 at the
577:, 12 October 2012.
549:Metz, Helen Chapin
521:Political ideology
446:
114:Giuma Ahmed Atigha
92:Mohammed Ali Salim
66:Abdurrahim El-Keib
1459:Libyan economists
1418:
1417:
1318:
1317:
1124:
1123:
1115:Succeeded by
1095:Military offices
1081:Succeeded by
1041:Succeeded by
833:www.aljazeera.com
573:, by Rana Jawad,
331:محمد يوسف المقريف
309:(also written as
304:
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80:Juma Ahmad Atigha
16:Libyan politician
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1003:. 10 August 2012
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916:. 28 May 2013
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1005:. Retrieved
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974:Libya Herald
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951:. Retrieved
947:the original
942:
918:. Retrieved
913:
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879:. Retrieved
872:the original
859:
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822:
817:Metz (1987).
813:
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770:. Retrieved
767:Libya Herald
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735:. Retrieved
732:Libya Herald
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514:fact-finding
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109:Succeeded by
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1434:1940 births
1263:(1977–2011)
1243:(1969–1977)
1232:(1969–2011)
1168:(1951–1969)
471:During the
273:(1981–2012)
164:Preceded by
87:Preceded by
1428:Categories
1377:Abusahmain
1358:Abusahmain
1112:2012–2013
1078:2012–2013
1027:New office
881:2012-08-10
559:References
493:Ali Zeidan
448:After the
319:Almegaryaf
315:Elmegaryaf
280:Alma mater
70:Ali Zeidan
1385:al-Sarraj
1295:az-Zanati
1275:al-Obeidi
1101:New title
1007:11 August
979:6 January
953:6 January
772:24 August
737:24 August
668:6 January
642:11 August
617:6 January
416:in 1989.
213:In office
183:In office
143:Incumbent
51:In office
1400:al-Menfi
1346:Magariaf
1290:as-Sawsa
1000:BBC News
914:BBC News
890:cite web
704:BBC News
611:BBC News
590:Archived
575:BBC News
382:Benghazi
343:de facto
311:Magariaf
241:Benghazi
134:Ajdabiya
117:(Acting)
95:(Acting)
1411:Italics
1310:al-Zwai
1305:Shamekh
1270:Gaddafi
1250:Gaddafi
530:Sources
398:Morocco
291:Website
1352:Atigha
1088:Acting
1067:Acting
1048:Acting
920:28 May
801:
335:Libyan
327:Arabic
76:Deputy
1364:Baira
1340:Salim
1334:Jalil
1300:K'eba
1280:Rajab
1175:Idris
1038:2012
875:(PDF)
868:(PDF)
779:that.
510:Sabha
394:India
156:
1392:Issa
1370:Issa
1285:Umar
1009:2012
981:2013
955:2013
922:2013
896:link
799:ISBN
774:2012
739:2012
670:2013
644:2012
619:2013
231:Born
132:for
317:or
1430::
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930:^
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892:}}
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243:,
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