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eruption would stop before the artificial basins created behind the barriers would be completely filled. Instead, the eruption continued, and lava surmounted the barriers, heading directly toward
Zafferana. Engineers then decided to use explosives near the source of the lava flow, to disrupt a very efficient lava tube system through which the lava travelled for up to 7 km (4 mi) without losing significant heat or fluidity. The main explosion on 23 May 1992 destroyed the tube and forced the lava into a new artificial channel, far from Zafferana, and it would have taken months to re-establish a long lava tube. Shortly after the blasting, the rate of lava emission dropped, and during the remainder of the eruption (until 30 March 1993) the lava never advanced close to the town again.
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stopping in the rear of the
Benedictine monastery, without reaching the centre of the town. Contrary to widespread reports of up to 15,000 (or even 20,000) human fatalities caused by the lava, contemporaneous accounts written both in Italian and English mention no deaths related to the 1669 eruption (but give very precise figures of the number of buildings destroyed, the area of cultivated land lost, and the economic damage). Therefore, it is uncertain where the enormous number of fatalities can be attributed. One possibility is confusion between this eruption and an earthquake that devastated southeast Sicily (including Catania) 24 years later in
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911:, close to or even well within inhabited areas. Numerous villages and small towns lie around or on cones of past flank eruptions. Since the year AD 1600, at least 60 flank eruptions and countless summit eruptions have occurred; nearly half of these have happened since the start of the 20th century. Since 2000, Etna has had four flank eruptions – in 2001, 2002–2003, 2004–2005, and 2008–2009. Summit eruptions occurred in 2006, 2007–2008, January–April 2012, in July–October 2012, December 2018, and again in February 2021.
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1228:. Seismic activity in this eruption caused the eastern flanks of the volcano to slip by up to two metres, and many houses on the flanks of the volcano experienced structural damage. The eruption also completely destroyed the tourist station Piano Provenzana, on the northeastern flank of the volcano, and part of the tourist station "Etna Sud" around the Rifugio Sapienza on the south flank. Footage from the eruptions was recorded by
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the longest flank eruption of Etna since the 1991–1993 eruption that lasted 473 days. Previous eruptions, in 2001, 2002–2003, and 2004–2005 had lasted 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. Lava flows advanced 6.5 km during the first few days of this eruption but thereafter stagnated at many minor distances from the vents; during the last months of the eruption lava rarely advanced more than 1 km downslope.
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the villages of Santa Tecla and Stazzo are built on the broad delta built by this lava flow into the sea; (2) an eruption in about 1160 (or 1224), from a fissure at only 350–450 m (1,148–1,476 ft) elevation on the south-southeast flank near the village of
Mascalucia, whose lava flow reached the sea just to the north of Catania, in the area now occupied by the portion of the city named Ognina.
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1125:, lying down-slope of the Ripe della Naca, was almost completely destroyed in two days. Only a church and a few surrounding buildings survived in the north part of the village, called Sant'Antonino or "il quartiere". During the last days of the eruption, the flow interrupted the Messina-Catania railway line and destroyed the train station of Mascali. The event was used by
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2219:. This claim has been contested, however, as "there is no evidence of tsunami deposits, nor of sudden and catastrophic changes such as damaged structures, whole animal carcases or evidence of traumatic injury, such as might be expected to result from a tsunami event" (Galili E., Rosen B., Evron M.W., Hershkovitz I., Eshed V., Horwitz L.K. (2020)
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was blown west by the wind and then turned southeast. There was large lava flow in the western flank. On 19 February at 10.15 am there was an explosive eruption, again from the
Southeast Crater, high lava fountains and lava flows, the longest of which went down the north-eastern flank towards the Bove Valley.
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An eruption on 24 December 2018, following a dyke intrusion at shallow depth, spewed ash into the air, forcing the closure of airspace around Mount Etna. Two days later, a magnitude 4.9 earthquake shook the town of Fleri and surrounding towns and hamlets in the
Province of Catania, damaging buildings
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The most recent collapse event at the summit of Etna is thought to have occurred about 2,000 years ago, forming what is known as the Piano
Caldera. This caldera has been almost entirely filled by subsequent lava eruptions but is still visible as a distinct break in the slope of the mountain near
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Volcanic activity first took place at Etna about 500,000 years ago, with eruptions occurring beneath the sea off the ancient coastline of Sicily. About 300,000 years ago, volcanism began occurring to the southwest of the summit (centre top of the volcano), then activity moved towards the present
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Through
January 2011 to February 2012, the summit craters of Etna were the site of intense activity. Frequent eruptions and ash columns forced the authorities to shut down the Catania airport on several occasions. The July 2011 episode also endangered the Sapienza Refuge, the main tourist hub on the
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An eruption on the morning of 13 May 2008, immediately to the east of Etna's summit craters was accompanied by a swarm of more than 200 earthquakes and significant ground deformation in the summit area. The eruption continued at a slowly diminishing rate for 417 days, until 6 July 2009, making this
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On 4 September 2007, a major episode of lava fountaining occurred from the new vent on the east side of the
Southeast Crater, also producing a plume of ash and scoriae which fell over the east flank of the volcano. A lava flow travelled about 4.5 km (2.8 mi) into the uninhabited Valle del
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Following six years (1995–2001) of unusually intense activity at the four summit craters of Etna, the volcano produced its first flank eruption since 1991–1993 in July–August 2001. This eruption, which involved activity from seven distinct eruptive fissures mostly on the south slope of the volcano,
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Other major 20th-century eruptions occurred in 1949, 1971, 1979, 1981, 1983 and 1991–1993. In 1971, lava buried the Etna
Observatory (built in the late 19th century), destroyed the first generation of the Etna cable-car, and seriously threatened several small villages on Etna's east flank. In March
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five weeks later, on 15 April. The lava was largely diverted by these walls into the sea to the south of the city, filling the harbour of
Catania. A small portion of lava eventually broke through a fragile section of the city walls on the western side of Catania and destroyed a few buildings before
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During the first 1500 years CE, many eruptions went unrecorded (or records have been lost); among the more significant are: (1) an eruption in about 1030 CE near Monte Ilice on the lower southeast flank, which produced a lava flow that travelled about 10 km, reaching the sea north of Acireale;
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In February 2022 there were two eruptions. On 11 February 2022, at 6 pm, there were lava fountains from the Southeast Crater which became a single Strombolian eruption by 7 pm. Between 10 and 11 pm it had reached a height of almost 1,000 m and lava bombs were thrown at a considerable distance. Ash
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On 3 December 2015, an eruption occurred which climaxed between 03:20 and 04:10 local time. The Voragine crater exhibited a lava fountain which reached 1 km (3,300 ft) in height, with an ash plume which reached 3 km (9,800 ft) in height. The activity continued on the following
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Eruptions of Etna follow multiple patterns. Most occur at the summit, where there are five distinct craters: the Northeast Crater, the Voragine, the Bocca Nuova, and two at the Southeast Crater Complex. Other eruptions occur on the flanks, which have more than 300 vents ranging in size from small
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station which had previously been destroyed in the 1983 eruption; it has now been rebuilt. Following a slow and non-destructive lava outflow on the upper southeastern flank between September 2004 and March 2005, intense eruptions occurred at the Southeast Crater in July–December 2006. These were
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stages (Monte Calanna; Trifoglietto 1; Trifoglietto 2), then to the present Mongibello system (which has developed in two successive stages from about 15,000 years ago). The volcanic activity has gradually shifted from SE to NW (from offshore to onshore). The Valle del Bove is the former eastern
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A major eruption took place in June 1923, lasting from 6 June until 29 June. A large lava flow from an eruption in 1928 led to the destruction of a population centre for the first time since the 1669 eruption. The eruption started high on Etna's northeast flank on 2 November. Then new eruptive
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On 29 May 2022 a sudden collapse of the Southeast Crater created a fracture on its northern flank at an elevation of circa 2,800 m (9,186 ft). A small lava flow emerged and headed in the direction of the Leone Valley, just above the much larger Bove Valley. It continued for three days and was
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threatened by a lava flow, but successful diversion efforts saved the town with the loss of only one building a few hundred metres from the town's margin. Initially, such efforts consisted of the construction of earth barriers built perpendicularly to the flow direction; it was hoped that the
1305:
Beginning in February 2021, Mount Etna began a series of explosive eruptions, which have had an impact on nearby villages and cities, with volcanic ash and rock falling as far away as Catania. As of 12 March 2021, the volcano has erupted 11 times in three weeks. The eruptions have
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centre 170,000 years ago. Eruptions at this time built up the first major volcanic edifice, forming a stratovolcano in alternating explosive and effusive eruptions. The growth of the mountain was occasionally interrupted by major eruptions, leading to the collapse of the summit to form
1217:. It also occurred close to one of the tourist areas on the volcano, and thus was easily accessible. Part of the "Etna Sud" tourist area, including the arrival station of the Etna cable car, were damaged by this eruption, which otherwise was a rather modest-sized event by Etna standards.
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fissures opened at decreasing elevations down the flank of the volcano. The third and most vigorous of these fissures opened late on 4 November at an unusually low elevation, approximately 1,200 m (3,937 ft) above sea-level, in a zone known as Ripe della Naca. The village of
1442:, one of the first recorded events of this type, which are extremely rare. This happened again in 2000. Video footage of 8 June 2000 event was captured. Another event occurred on 11 April 2013. Other similar events occurred during the summer of 2023 (see photo) and 2024.
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with a current height (September 2024) of 3,403 m (11,165 ft), though this varies with summit eruptions. For instance, in 2021 the southeastern crater reached a height of 3,357 m, but was then surpassed by the Voragine crater after the summer 2024 eruptions.
1090:. A study on the damage and fatalities caused by eruptions of Etna in historical times reveals that only 77 human deaths are attributable with certainty to eruptions of Etna, most recently in 1987 when two tourists were killed by a sudden explosion near the summit.
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Aiuppa, Alessandro; Moretti, Roberto; Federico, Cinzia; Giudice, Gaetano; Gurrieri, Sergio; Liuzzo, Marco; Papale, Paolo; Shinohara, Hiroshi; Valenza, Mariano (1 December 2008). "Forecasting Etna eruptions by real-time observation of volcanic gas composition".
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The elevation varies with volcanic activity. The volcano last erupted 21 May 2023. It is frequently given as 3,350 m (10,990 ft), but many sources that support this concede that this is approximate. The coordinates given, which are consistent with
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for propaganda purposes, with the evacuation, aid, and rebuilding operations being presented as models of fascist planning. Mascali was rebuilt on a new site, and its church contains the Italian fascist symbol of the torch, placed above the statue of
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Etna is one of Sicily's main tourist attractions, with thousands of visitors every year. The most common route is through the road leading to Sapienza Refuge ski area, lying at the south of the crater at elevation of 1,910 m. From the Refuge, a
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holes in the ground to large craters hundreds of metres across. Summit eruptions can be highly explosive and spectacular but rarely threaten the inhabited areas around the volcano. In contrast, flank eruptions can occur down to a few hundred metres
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1981, the town of Randazzo on the northwestern flank of Etna narrowly escaped destruction by unusually fast-moving lava flows. That eruption was remarkably similar to one in 1928 that destroyed Mascali. The 1991–1993 eruption saw the town of
886:, while it is clear from her name that the fairy queen in question is Morgan le Fay, the rich underworld queendom of which she is the mistress is accessed not through a fiery grotto on the slopes of Etna, but through a 'fountain' (i.e., a
890:) – a circumstance more in keeping with Morgan's original watery, rather than fiery, associations, before her incorporation into the folklore of Sicily. Another Sicilian conception of the fairy realm or castle of Morgan le Fay is the
843:(dating from the late twelfth century) featuring accounts of Arthur's returning of a lost horse which had strayed into his subterranean kingdom beneath Etna. Caesarius quotes as his authority for the story a certain canon
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979:. The landslide left a large depression in the side of the volcano, known as 'Valle del Bove' (Valley of the Ox). Research published in 2006 suggested this occurred around 8,000 years ago, and caused a huge
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1081:, Etna's most destructive since 122 BCE, started on 11 March 1669 and produced lava flows that destroyed at least 10 villages on its southern flank before reaching the city walls of the town of
1748:
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1051:, where many roofs collapsed. To help with reconstruction after the devastating effects of the eruption, the Roman government exempted the population of Catania from paying taxes for ten years.
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days, with an ash plume that reached 7 km (23,000 ft) in height that forced Catania airport to shut down for a few hours. Volcanic gas emissions from this volcano are measured by a
1001:
Mount Etna is moving towards the Mediterranean Sea at an average rate of 14 mm (0.55 in) per year, the massif sliding on an unconsolidated layer above the older sloping terrain.
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As "Europe's most active volcano", eruptions occur frequently (with as many as 16 eruptions taking place in 2001). However, several eruptions of note have occurred over the last century.
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spread across the lower slopes of the mountain and the broad Plain of Catania to the south. Due to its history of recent activity and nearby population, Mount Etna has been designated a
1666:
831:" and were then transplanted into a Sicilian milieu, by Bretons impressed by the already otherworldly associations of the great, volcanic mountain of their new home. Mediaevalist
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Duncan, Angus M.; Dibben, Christopher; Chester, David K.; Guest, John E. (1996). "The 1928 Eruption of Mount Etna Volcano, Sicily, and the Destruction of the Town of Mascali".
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Mount Etna is one of the world's most active volcanoes and is in an almost constant state of activity. The fertile volcanic soils produced from this activity support extensive
1541:– Round-Etna railway – is a narrow-gauge railway constructed between 1889 and 1895. It runs around the volcano in a 110-km long semi-circle starting in Catania and ending in
2143:
Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages: A Collaborative History ed. Roger Sherman Loomis, pub. Oxford University Press 1959, special edition for Sandpiper Books Ltd. 2001,
2009:
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5th edition (1817) quotes from the eyewitness report of Lord Winchelsea, Ambassador to Constantinople, to the Court of England. It happens not to mention casualties.
2227:, vol 35. Springer, Cham). See also, Galili, E., Horwitz, L. K., Hershkovitz, I., Eshed, V., Salamon, A., Zviely, D., Weinstein‐Evron, M., and Greenfield, H. (2008),
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was well covered by the mass-media because it occurred at the height of the tourist season and numerous reporters and journalists were already in Italy to cover the
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Etna covers an area of 1,190 km (459 sq mi) with a basal circumference of 140 km (87 miles). This makes it by far the largest of the three
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of the Mt. Etna volcanic complex (not to scale), showing its evolution from an early stage of submarine fissural activity, producing pillow lavas and a first
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Comment on "Holocene tsunamis from Mount Etna and the fate of Israeli Neolithic communities" by Maria Teresa Pareschi, Enzo Boschi, and Massimiliano Favalli
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On August 14, 2024, Mt. Etna erupted violently sending an ash cloud 9.5km into the atmosphere. Catania Airport was forced to close the following day.
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The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from Their Commencement, in 1665, to the Year 1800; Abridged...: From 1665 to 1672. 1
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followed by four episodes of lava fountaining, again at the Southeast Crater, on 29 March, 11 April, 29 April and 7 May 2007. Ash emissions and
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3077:"Terremoto 4 km NE Viagrande (CT), Magnitudo Mw 4.9, 26 dicembre 2018 ore 03:19:14 (Fuso Orario Italia) » INGV Centro Nazionale Terremoti"
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consistently sent ash clouds over 10 km (33,000 ft) into the air, closing Sicilian airports. There have been no reports of injuries.
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Thomaidis, Konstantinos; Troll, Valentin R.; Deegan, Frances M.; Freda, Carmela; Corsaro, Rosa A.; Behncke, Boris; Rafailidis, Savvas (2021).
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Pareschi, M. T.; Boschi, E. & Favalli, M. (2007), "Holocene tsunamis from Mount Etna and the fate of Israeli Neolithic communities",
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Bove. This eruption was visible far into the plains of Sicily, ending the following morning between the hours of 5 to 7 a.m. local time.
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There are two ski resorts on Etna: one at the Sapienza Refuge, with a chairlift and three ski lifts, and a smaller one on the north, at
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Barberi, F.; Carapezza, M. L.; Valenza, M.; Villari, L. (1993). "The control of lava flow during the 1991–1992 eruption of Mt. Etna".
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Coltelli, M.; Del Carlo, P. & Vezzoli, L. (1998), "Discovery of a Plinian basaltic eruption of Roman age at Etna Volcano, Italy",
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Loomis, Roger Sherman, Arthurian Tradition And Chrétien de Troyes pub. Columbia University Press, New York 1948, pp. 66 & 306.
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In 2002–2003, a much larger eruption threw up a huge column of ash that could easily be seen from space and fell as far away as
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2320:"Mount Etna eruptions of the last 2,750 years: Revised chronology and location through archeomagnetic and 226Ra-230Th dating"
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A lateral crater of the 2002–2003 eruption near the Torre del Filosofo, about 450 m (1,480 ft) below Etna's summit
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Since 1750, seven of Etna's eruptions have had durations of more than 5 years, more than any other volcano except Vesuvius.
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flank of the volcano, which collapsed about 64,000 years ago and thus allows the older volcanic edifices to be recognized.
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Thousands of years ago, the eastern flank of the mountain experienced a catastrophic collapse, generating an enormous
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Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, Enlarged and Improved
1948:
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volcano, but the lava flow was successfully diverted. In 2014, a flank eruption started involving lava flows and
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Neri, M.; et al. (2008), "The changing face of Mount Etna's summit area documented with Lidar technology",
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Israel: Submerged Prehistoric Sites and Settlements on the Mediterranean Coastline—the Current State of the Art
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From about 35,000 to 15,000 years ago, Etna experienced some highly explosive eruptions, generating large
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exposed in the valley walls provide an important and easily accessible record of Etna's eruptive history.
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Chevedden, Paul E. (2010), "A Crusade from the First: The Norman Conquest of Islamic Sicily, 1060–1091",
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runs uphill to an elevation of 2,500 m, from where the crater area at 2,920 m is accessible.
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Mount Etna from the south with the smoking peak in the upper left and a lateral crater in the centre
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accompanied by small and sporadic eruptions from two of the many vents at the top of this crater.
804:, localised at Etna, according to traditions concerning them derived from the stories told by the
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2431:". (the Encyclopædia Britannica has been wrongly cited as one source of this false information).
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2121:, pub. University of Wales Press, Cardiff 1956 and reprinted by Folcroft Press 1973, Chapter 5
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1891:"A message from the 'underground forge of the gods': history and current eruptions at Mt Etna"
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Long exposure image of a "dual-vent" eruption from Mount Etna's NSEC (New South East Crater)
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The steep walls of the valley have suffered subsequent collapses on numerous occasions. The
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757:), both meaning 'mountain'. According to another hypothesis, the term comes from the Latin
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769:, 'he who placates the fire'), one of the Latin names of the god Vulcan. Today, the name
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Southern flank of Mount Etna showing lateral cones and flow from the eruption of 2001.
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surpasses it in the whole of the European–North-African region west of the Black Sea.
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Tanguy, J. C.; Condomines, M.; Goff, M.; Chillemi, V.; Delfa, S.; Patanè, G. (2007).
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1667:"Il cratere Voragine dell'Etna cresce, bordo supera 3.400 metri - Notizie - Ansa.it"
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started from a vent on the eastern side of the Southeast Crater in mid-August 2007.
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Bruce, Christopher W. (1999). The Arthurian Name Dictionary. Taylor & Francis.
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Map of municipalities in the Metropolitan City of Catania (Mount Etna at top right)
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Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
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2451:. Vol. 1 (5th ed.). Edinburgh: A. Constable. 1823. pp. 248–249.
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4589:
4436:
4431:
4391:
4351:
4336:
4266:
4178:
3984:
3802:
3780:
1922:
1483:
1157:
1025:
932:
805:
797:
778:
612:
499:
475:
319:
175:
162:
3615:
931:, to a subsequent mixed effusive and explosive activity building three main
5605:
5575:
5207:
5057:
4947:
4931:
4802:
4792:
4512:
4492:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4291:
4186:
4138:
2293:
1606:
1553:
1515:
1322:
1243:
1135:
677:
595:
4286:
2665:
964:
deposits. Ash from these eruptions has been found as far away as south of
882:, the composition of which is dated to between 1180 and 1230. However, in
5620:
5479:
5451:
5335:
5239:
5202:
5194:
4837:
4761:
4714:
4649:
4614:
4476:
4356:
4346:
4331:
4281:
3989:
2473:"Eruption of Snow-Covered Mt. Etna Kills 2 Tourists and Injures 7 Others"
2454:
2206:
1978:
1733:
1455:
1439:
1276:
801:
561:
4163:
4110:
3433:"Vortex rings made of water vapour rise from Italy's Mount Etna volcano"
2225:
The Archaeology of Europe’s Drowned Landscapes. Coastal Research Library
919:
827:
became attached to the quasi-historic figure of Arthur as "Ruler of the
706:, 'the Mountain of Fire'). According to both Greek and Roman mythology,
5590:
5545:
5492:
5273:
5212:
5040:
5001:
4921:
4807:
4674:
4560:
4396:
4341:
4306:
4276:
4261:
4238:
4229:
4128:
4100:
3572:
Chester, D. K.; Duncan, A. M.; Guest, J. E.; Kilburn, C. R. J. (1985).
3076:
2247:"Gravitational sliding of the Mt. Etna massif along a sloping basement"
2228:
1987:
1523:
961:
844:
824:
793:
711:
554:
80:
4609:
2982:
2935:"Etna show, nuova fontana di lava: non-si ferma l'emissione di cenere"
2223:. In: Bailey G., Galanidou N., Peeters H., Jöns H., Mennenga M. (eds)
1914:
1058:
gave what was probably a first-hand description of an eruption in the
847:
of Bonn, who considered it a matter of historical fact of the time of
362:
5570:
5565:
5430:
5394:
5307:
Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale
5124:
5120:
5025:
4743:
4471:
4376:
4361:
4301:
3930:
2614:
2182:), now below sea level, was suddenly abandoned around that time. See
2175:
2174:
It has been suggested that this was the reason why the settlement of
1229:
1189:
828:
667:
632:
553:, the god of the sky and thunder and king of gods, and the forges of
4321:
1985:. Room dismisses the hypothesis that 'Etna' has a Greek derivation.
5503:
5475:
5457:
5244:
5036:
5019:
4817:
4784:
4684:
4654:
4644:
4599:
4451:
4406:
4401:
2075:
1707:(Light Detection and Ranging) survey carried out in June 2007, see
1586:
1532:
1519:
1479:
1475:
1459:
1295:
1287:, which detects pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving
1233:
1214:
908:
820:
638:
565:
531:
522:, being about two and a half times the height of the next largest,
2754:"Spectacular Eruptions of Mt. Etna in Sicily from Space and Earth"
5560:
5488:
5471:
5463:
5425:
5376:
5361:
5278:
5226:
5030:
4943:
4766:
4547:
4502:
4497:
4446:
4371:
4366:
4311:
3002:
2529:
Global Volcanism Program — Volcanoes of the World (Version 4.9.2)
1542:
1471:
1331:
1196:
1122:
1082:
1048:
991:
980:
950:
733:
in Italian, generally regarded as deriving from the Romance word
673:
569:
495:
86:
4426:
5615:
5467:
5253:
5174:
5154:
5110:
5087:
5082:
4993:
4917:
4594:
4584:
4386:
4326:
3678:
3673:
2179:
1451:
1060:
1055:
1044:
874:
546:
507:
479:
100:
2861:"Etna Volcano (Italy): Eruption Update & Current Activity"
2678:
1298:
television crew, after magma exploded upon contact with snow.
1259:
shut down operations during the night for safety precautions.
861:('within Etna') to describe the location of Arthur's kingdom.
773:
is used for the area of Mount Etna containing the two central
498:. It is located above the convergent plate margin between the
5610:
5230:
5169:
4997:
4912:
4900:
4756:
4748:
4206:
4168:
3385:"Mt Etna – Sicily, Italy – the greatest show on earth !"
3103:"Mount Etna Erupts for the 11th Time in Three Weeks (PHOTOS)"
1704:
1221:
1043:) summit eruption occurred in 122 BCE, and caused heavy
1024:
In 396 BCE, an eruption of Etna reportedly thwarted the
816:
661:
626:
527:
483:
469:
62:"Mongibello" redirects here. For the fictional location, see
3210:"Sicily's Catania airport reopens after Mount Etna eruption"
2959:
2317:
2245:
Murray, J.B.; van Wyk de Vries, B.; Pitty, A. (April 2018).
1294:
An eruption on 16 March 2017 injured 10 people, including a
1279:
eruptions. This was the first flank eruption since 2008–09.
714:, the god of blacksmithing, had his forge under mount Etna.
5159:
3621:
Youtube video: eruption phases of Etna in 2018 (in Italian)
2392:
10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<1095:DOAPBE>2.3.CO;2
2244:
1696:
1344:(VEI) to all of Mount Etna's eruptions since January 1955:
1204:
965:
550:
511:
3526:"Skiing Mount Etna: Hit the slopes one day, sail the next"
3463:, National Geographic Travel, 8 April 2011, archived from
3360:. WJLA (ABC) Storm Watch 7. 16 August 2011. Archived from
2839:"BBC News – Footage shows Mount Etna spewing lava and ash"
1096:
5421:
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries
2884:"Italy's Etna Unleashes a Short but Spectacular Eruption"
2779:"There she blows! Stunning images of Mount Etna eruption"
2307:
Gravitational collapse of Mount Etna’s southeastern flank
1888:
1812:"Etna & Aeolian Islands 2012 – Cambridge Volcanology"
777:, and the craters located southeast and northeast of the
3411:"Mount Etna blows smoke rings during volcanic eruptions"
3136:"Etna spews smoke and ashes in spectacular new eruption"
2635:
2367:
1831:"Mount Etna is 100 feet taller than it was 6 months ago"
1749:"L'Etna si supera. Nuovo record di altezza a 3357 metri"
855:
1194. Caesarius employs in his account the Latin phrase
3626:
Smithsonian Institution: Global Volcanism Program: Etna
983:, which left its mark in several places in the eastern
59:
Active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy
5093:
City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto
3163:"Mount Etna volcano in Italy puts on spectacular show"
2455:
Charles Hutton; Georges Shaw; Richard Pearson (1809).
1779:"Watch: Ash from Etna Eruption Closes Catania Airport"
1426:
Vortex ring above Mount Etna observed on 9 August 2023
1009:
The first known record of eruption at Etna is that of
3160:
2183:
1878:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
2998:"Volcanic explosion on Mount Etna injures 10 people"
1582:
644:. Another view is that the name is derived from the
5357:
Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)
4080:
3051:"Mount Etna: 4.8-magnitude earthquake jolts Sicily"
2417:
The history of the life and travels of Rabban Sawma
1317:Etna erupted once again on 4 July 2024 causing the
968:'s border, 800 km (497 mi) to the north.
2516:
1490:) meet on the summit of Mount Etna, making this a
4878:
3025:"Mount Etna: BBC crew caught up in volcano blast"
2559:
2557:
2159:
2010:"Woodhouse's English-Greek Dictionary Page Image"
5638:
3630:Footage of the 1971 eruption is featured in the
3603:Mount Etna Nord Live Webcams by Linguaglossa H24
3236:Watch: Spectacular Mount Etna eruption in Sicily
2629:
2525:"What volcanoes have had the longest eruptions?"
1325:in the air. The airport reopened the next day.
1232:and integrated into the landscape of the planet
901:
650:
591:Multidirectional Hillshade relief of Mount Etna
506:. It is one of the tallest active volcanoes in
3057:. Rome. Agence France-Presse. 26 December 2018
2798:Eruption of Mt. Etna closes airport in Catania
2681:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
2554:
2037:Al-Masaq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean
1332:Volcanic explosivity index of recent eruptions
1047:falls to the southeast, including the town of
878:, the only surviving Arthurian romance in the
740:
718:
447:
200:
5519:
5130:Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme
4864:
4066:
3656:
2461:. London. pp. 357–358, 383–387, 637–638.
1242:. The Rifugio Sapienza is near the site of a
1224:, 600 km (370 mi) south across the
1208:House destroyed by lava on the slopes of Etna
734:
728:
510:, and the tallest peak in Italy south of the
423:
1828:
1239:Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith
1163:Etna's 2002 eruption, photographed from the
752:
701:
580:. In June 2013, it was added to the list of
1020:An artist's impression of the 1766 eruption
856:
764:
758:
685:
23:
5672:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
5526:
5512:
5411:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
4871:
4857:
4073:
4059:
3663:
3649:
3358:"Erupting Mt. Etna coughs up a smoke ring"
3314:"SwissEduc – Stromboli online – Etna 2000"
3161:Washington Post Staff (11 February 2022).
3100:
2751:
1445:
815:occupiers of Sicily. What were originally
606:
131:
24:
2567:. Earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 23 July 2001
2283:
2205:
2034:
1732:
1661:
1659:
1657:
998:the base of the present-day summit cone.
819:conceptions concerning a dwarf king of a
5223:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
5068:Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles
2881:
2863:. Volcanodiscovery.com. 10 February 2022
1988:"Volcano – Podictionary Word of the Day"
1964:Mount Etna Becomes a World Heritage Site
1690:
1688:
1623:List of Italian regions by highest point
1509:
1501:
1429:
1421:
1265:
1203:
1195:
1103:
1015:
975:in an event similar to that seen in the
939:
918:
594:
586:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
3275:
1740:
1097:Modern-day eruptions (1923–present day)
1004:
14:
5639:
4953:Residences of the Royal House of Savoy
3258:"Etna eruption closes Catania Airport"
2995:
2522:
2500:. Boris.vulcanoetna.it. Archived from
1654:
1116:Video of Etna's November 2013 eruption
894:, an optical phenomenon common in the
441:
5507:
4852:
4054:
3644:
2739:"Italy's Mt Etna erupts – WORLD News"
2585:
2565:"The Continuing Eruption of Mt. Etna"
2012:. Artflx.uchicago.edu. Archived from
1685:
1506:Sapienza Refuge, the main tourist hub
914:
428:
417:
129:998.79 km (620.62 mi)
105:3,403 m (11,165 ft)(varies)
5533:
3574:Mount Etna: The Anatomy of a Volcano
3101:Bonaccorso, Nicole (10 March 2021).
2523:Venzke, E., ed. (10 December 2020).
1746:
1708:
1703:. The elevation data are based on a
1556:, with three lifts and a chairlift.
557:were said also to be underneath it.
5115:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
3197:Mount Etna Eruption of 29 May 2022
2081:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
1450:The borders of ten municipalities (
1285:multi-component gas analyzer system
753:
702:
656:meaning 'furnace' or 'chimney'. In
549:was trapped under this mountain by
56:
5717:Volcanoes of the Mediterranean Sea
2996:Balmer, Crispian (16 March 2017).
2882:Klemetti, Erik (3 December 2015).
2658:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00511.x
1559:Sapienza Refuge was the finish of
1039:A particularly violent explosive (
835:quotes passages from the works of
272:
236:
57:
5743:
5667:Highest points of Italian regions
3596:
3382:
977:1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
676:and the city originally known as
599:February 2021 eruption seen from
89:in the foreground (December 2007)
5312:Archaeological Area of Agrigento
4037:
4036:
3762:
3672:
2909:"Etna volcano – eruption update"
1599:
1585:
1173:
1156:
1145:
637:), meaning "I burn", through an
271:
264:
235:
228:
79:
4985:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
4082:Ultra-prominent peaks of Europe
3518:
3503:, Lonely Planet, archived from
3491:
3471:
3451:
3425:
3403:
3387:. Geoff Mackley. Archived from
3376:
3350:
3324:
3306:
3250:
3227:
3202:
3191:
3180:
3154:
3128:
3117:
3094:
3069:
3043:
3017:
2989:
2953:
2927:
2901:
2875:
2853:
2831:
2805:
2789:
2771:
2745:
2731:
2707:
2672:
2579:
2490:
2465:
2434:
2421:
2410:
2397:
2361:
2311:
2300:
2238:
2168:
2153:
2137:
2128:
2111:
2094:
2062:
2028:
2002:
1971:
1955:
1949:United States Geological Survey
1937:
1882:
1849:"Italy volcanoes and Volcanics"
1829:Laura Geggel (16 August 2021).
1673:(in Italian). 18 September 2024
1417:
1355:Number of eruptions (total=49)
1289:prediction of volcanic activity
1028:in their attempt to advance on
5400:Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
4990:Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont
2752:Ken Kremer (15 January 2011).
2119:Wales and the Arthurian Legend
1859:
1841:
1822:
1804:
1793:
1771:
13:
1:
5732:World Heritage Sites in Italy
4880:World Heritage Sites in Italy
3539:
2941:(in Italian). 4 December 2015
2588:"The Recent Eruption of Etna"
2123:King Arthur and the Antipodes
1990:. Blog.oup.com. 29 April 2010
1545:28 km north of Catania.
1497:
902:History of volcanic eruptions
717:The volcano is also known as
115:3,403 m (11,165 ft)
5677:Locations in Greek mythology
5652:17th-century volcanic events
4972:Rock Drawings in Valcamonica
3908:List of presidents of Sicily
3480:Rifugio Sapienza: who we are
2815:. Ct.ingv.it. Archived from
2701:10.1016/0377-0273(93)90048-V
2233:Geophysical Research Letters
2186:Geophysical Research Letters
2049:10.1080/09503110.2010.488891
1967:, Italy Magazine, 4 May 2013
1755:(in Italian). Archived from
1712:Geophysical Research Letters
1257:Catania-Fontanarossa Airport
668:
633:
488:Metropolitan City of Catania
250:Metropolitan City of Catania
7:
5687:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
3955:Derby di Sicilia (football)
3818:War of the Sicilian Vespers
2429:Mount Etna (volcano, Italy)
1816:www.volcano.group.cam.ac.uk
1578:
872:(Fairy of Etna) appears in
747:
696:
601:Naval Air Station Sigonella
582:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
10:
5748:
3936:List of people from Sicily
3913:Sicilian Regional Assembly
3749:Cities, towns and villages
1628:List of volcanoes in Italy
1494:of elevenfold complexity.
1438:In the 1970s Etna erupted
1342:Volcanic Explosivity Index
1302:and injuring four people.
662:
627:
621:One view is that the word
610:
470:
465:
342:UNESCO World Heritage Site
61:
5541:
5446:
5349:
5292:
5193:
5119:Etruscan Necropolises of
5101:
5010:
4886:
4833:Mount Addala-Shukhgelmeer
4783:
4703:
4577:
4521:
4485:
4247:
4195:
4152:
4088:
4034:
4013:
3921:
3881:
3868:Allied invasion of Sicily
3863:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
3771:
3760:
3685:
3637:, hosted by Vincent Price
3460:Etna National Park, Italy
3413:. NBC News. 12 April 2013
2813:"INGV – Etna Observatory"
2801:, Agi.it, 23 October 2011
2715:"press_text_booklet.indd"
2541:10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-2013
2347:10.1007/s00445-007-0121-x
2276:10.1007/s00445-018-1209-1
1401:
1387:
1373:
1359:
1354:
1351:
520:active volcanoes in Italy
396:
388:
380:
368:
358:
348:
339:
335:
325:
313:
303:
298:
221:
216:
196:
191:
152:
140:
123:
109:
99:
94:
78:
73:
5697:Stratovolcanoes of Italy
5218:Castel del Monte, Apulia
4980:of Piedmont and Lombardy
4089:Scandinavia & Arctic
3858:1848 Sicilian revolution
3616:Mount Etna Regional Park
3553:Global Volcanism Program
3288:Global Volcanism Program
3283:"Etna: Eruptive History"
2841:. Bbc.co.uk. 12 May 2011
2442:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1983:Place-names of the World
1872:xi. 3, referenced under
1648:
1338:Global Volcanism Program
925:geological cross section
841:Caesarius of Heisterbach
672:), a name given also to
490:, between the cities of
39:latest accepted revision
5692:Quadripoints and higher
5484:with 17 other countries
5341:Villa Romana del Casale
5331:Necropolis of Pantalica
5266:Royal Palace of Caserta
5063:Orto botanico di Padova
5054:Torre della Ghirlandina
3970:Norman-Sicilian culture
3948:List of Sicilian dishes
3558:Smithsonian Institution
3293:Smithsonian Institution
3246:– via apnews.com.
2586:Ponte, Gaetano (1923).
2533:Smithsonian Institution
2327:Bulletin of Volcanology
2255:Bulletin of Volcanology
2160:Martin-Schutz, Alicia.
1446:Geopolitical boundaries
960:, which left extensive
741:
719:
651:
617:King asleep in mountain
607:Etymology and mythology
448:
443:[mʊntʃɪbˈbɛɖɖʊ]
438:
309:350,000 – 500,000 years
201:
64:The Talented Mr. Ripley
5270:Aqueduct of Vanvitelli
5150:Piazza del Duomo, Pisa
4442:Grande Tête de l'Obiou
4212:Roque de los Muchachos
2117:Loomis, Roger Sherman
1851:. USGS. Archived from
1643:Volcanic Seven Summits
1619:, the Mount Etna broom
1527:
1507:
1468:Castiglione di Sicilia
1435:
1427:
1271:
1249:Strombolian explosions
1209:
1201:
1117:
1021:
945:
937:
857:
851:'s conquest of Sicily
800:and her half-brother,
765:
759:
735:
729:
686:
603:
592:
457:
430:[mondʒiˈbɛllo]
424:
414:
85:Etna with the city of
5727:Wine regions of Italy
5386:Campello sul Clitunno
5058:Piazza Grande, Modena
4704:Mediterranean islands
4387:Grigna Settentrionale
3105:. The Weather Channel
1747:Pezzella, Francesca.
1513:
1505:
1433:
1425:
1269:
1207:
1199:
1115:
1019:
943:
922:
796:castle (or realm) of
792:, as the name of the
745:plus the Arabic word
598:
590:
545:, the deadly monster
478:on the east coast of
5702:Subduction volcanoes
5073:Porticoes of Bologna
3873:Sicilian nationalism
2405:Theodore C. Williams
2207:10.1029/2007GL030717
1800:Suda, alphaiota, 375
1734:10.1029/2008GL033740
1539:Ferrovia Circumetnea
1005:Historical eruptions
833:Roger Sherman Loomis
811:who accompanied the
5682:Mountains of Sicily
5436:Peschiera del Garda
5382:Temple of Clitumnus
5367:Cividale del Friuli
4753:Other Greek islands
3903:Elections in Sicily
3838:Sicilian Parliament
3689:metropolitan cities
3580:. pp. 412 pp.
3391:on 30 December 2012
3167:The Washington Post
2975:2007Geo....35.1115A
2939:Corriere della Sera
2693:1993JVGR...56....1B
2650:1996Disas..20....1D
2607:1923Natur.112..546P
2403:Aeneid, edition of
2384:1998Geo....26.1095C
2339:2007BVol...70...55T
2268:2018BVol...80...40M
2198:2007GeoRL..3416317P
1907:2021GeolT..37..141T
1876:in William Smith's
1725:2008GeoRL..35.9305N
1348:
1034:Second Sicilian War
176:37.7550°N 14.9950°E
172: /
29:Page version status
5722:Vulcan (mythology)
5274:San Leucio Complex
4217:Pico de las Nieves
4144:Mount Kruzenshtern
3893:Politics of Sicily
3823:Lombards of Sicily
3364:on 2 February 2014
3332:"Etna hoops it up"
3142:. 16 February 2021
1945:"Decade Volcanoes"
1565:2011 Giro d'Italia
1528:
1508:
1466:(from two sides),
1436:
1428:
1347:
1272:
1215:G8 summit in Genoa
1210:
1202:
1118:
1022:
946:
938:
915:Geological history
837:Gervase of Tilbury
625:is from the Greek
604:
593:
285:Mount Etna (Italy)
255:Show map of Sicily
95:Highest point
35:
5707:Three-thousanders
5634:
5633:
5501:
5500:
5404:Monte Sant'Angelo
5317:Barumini nuraghes
5235:Certosa di Padula
4927:Monte San Giorgio
4846:
4845:
4533:Gerlachovský štít
4255:
4116:Store Lenangstind
4048:
4047:
3898:Statute of Sicily
3813:Kingdom of Sicily
3587:978-0-8047-1308-5
3500:Funivia dell'Etna
3318:www.stromboli.net
2983:10.1130/G24149A.1
2915:. 3 December 2015
2913:Volcano Discovery
2785:, 9 February 2012
2758:Universetoday.com
2601:(2815): 546–548.
2378:(12): 1095–1098,
2016:on 24 August 2014
1915:10.1111/gto.12362
1789:. 15 August 2024.
1783:uk.news.yahoo.com
1759:on 10 August 2021
1699:data, are from a
1616:Genista aetnensis
1415:
1414:
1236:in the 2005 film
1226:Mediterranean Sea
1113:
958:pyroclastic flows
896:Strait of Messina
868:of the Castle of
790:Arthurian Romance
400:
399:
288:Show map of Italy
47:20 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
5739:
5662:Decade Volcanoes
5657:Active volcanoes
5535:Decade Volcanoes
5528:
5521:
5514:
5505:
5504:
5050:Modena Cathedral
4958:Rhaetian Railway
4873:
4866:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4723:Punta La Marmora
4553:Pietrosul Rodnei
4503:Serra Dolcedorme
4317:Barre des Écrins
4249:
4196:Atlantic islands
4174:Torre de Cerredo
4134:Hvannadalshnúkur
4075:
4068:
4061:
4052:
4051:
4040:
4039:
3975:Sicilian Baroque
3808:County of Sicily
3786:Sicilia province
3766:
3754:List of communes
3677:
3676:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3642:
3641:
3612:
3591:
3578:Chapman and Hall
3568:
3566:
3564:
3534:
3533:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3487:on 26 March 2013
3483:, archived from
3475:
3469:
3468:
3467:on 17 April 2011
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3383:Geoff, Mackley.
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3328:
3322:
3321:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3206:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3132:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2819:on 14 April 2012
2809:
2803:
2802:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2615:10.1038/112546a0
2592:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2452:
2438:
2432:
2425:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2324:
2315:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2287:
2251:
2242:
2236:
2218:
2209:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2157:
2151:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2115:
2109:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1886:
1880:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1808:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1663:
1638:Sacred mountains
1609:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1593:Volcanoes portal
1590:
1589:
1550:Piano Provenzana
1410:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1382:
1381:
1368:
1367:
1349:
1346:
1321:to close due to
1177:
1160:
1149:
1127:Benito Mussolini
1114:
1072:Rabban Bar Sauma
1011:Diodorus Siculus
880:Occitan language
860:
768:
766:qui ignem mulcet
762:
756:
755:
750:
744:
738:
732:
722:
705:
704:
699:
689:
671:
665:
664:
654:
636:
630:
629:
474:), is an active
473:
472:
467:
451:
445:
432:
427:
421:
389:Buffer zone
289:
275:
274:
268:
256:
239:
238:
232:
212:
204:
187:
186:
184:
183:
182:
181:37.7550; 14.9950
177:
173:
170:
169:
168:
165:
136:
135:
83:
71:
70:
21:
5747:
5746:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5712:VEI-6 volcanoes
5637:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5537:
5532:
5502:
5497:
5442:
5345:
5302:Aeolian Islands
5288:
5284:Sassi di Matera
5259:Historic Centre
5189:
5140:Hadrian's Villa
5097:
5035:Le Colline del
5006:
4906:Historic center
4882:
4877:
4847:
4842:
4823:Mount Dyultydag
4779:
4699:
4573:
4517:
4481:
4417:Jôf di Montasio
4297:Hoher Dachstein
4243:
4191:
4148:
4084:
4079:
4049:
4044:
4030:
4021:Railway network
4009:
3980:Sicilian School
3923:
3917:
3884:
3877:
3798:Theme of Sicily
3767:
3758:
3690:
3688:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3609:"VONA bulletin"
3607:
3599:
3594:
3588:
3562:
3560:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3532:, 12 March 2010
3524:
3523:
3519:
3510:
3508:
3507:on 12 July 2013
3497:
3496:
3492:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3394:
3392:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3338:. 31 March 2000
3330:
3329:
3325:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3218:
3216:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3099:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3034:
3032:
3031:. 16 March 2017
3023:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
2994:
2990:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2880:
2876:
2866:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2750:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2677:
2673:
2634:
2630:
2590:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2504:on 22 July 2011
2496:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2398:
2366:
2362:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2301:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2173:
2169:
2158:
2154:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2116:
2112:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1986:
1976:
1972:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1887:
1883:
1864:
1860:
1855:on 1 July 2011.
1847:
1846:
1842:
1827:
1823:
1818:. October 2012.
1810:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1794:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1745:
1741:
1701:2005 GPS survey
1693:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1655:
1651:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1518:and Etna South
1500:
1488:Zafferana Etnea
1448:
1420:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1340:has assigned a
1334:
1319:Catania Airport
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1104:
1099:
1054:The Roman poet
1007:
917:
904:
694:, it is called
660:, it is called
658:Classical Greek
619:
609:
543:Greek mythology
419:[ˈɛtna]
344:
294:
293:
292:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
281:
280:
276:
259:
258:
257:
254:
253:
252:, Sicily, Italy
247:
246:
245:
244:
240:
206:
180:
178:
174:
171:
166:
163:
161:
159:
158:
130:
116:
90:
67:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5745:
5735:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5531:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5508:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5485:
5482:
5460:
5454:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5397:
5388:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5298:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5251:
5242:
5237:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5117:
5107:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5047:
5033:
5028:
5022:
5016:
5014:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4987:
4982:
4974:
4969:
4955:
4950:
4929:
4924:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4853:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4777:
4764:
4759:
4746:
4741:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4635:Pangaion Hills
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4525:
4523:
4522:Eastern Europe
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4272:Finsteraarhorn
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4232:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4183:Massif Central
4176:
4171:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4153:Western Europe
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4055:
4046:
4045:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3927:
3925:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3843:Bourbon Sicily
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3792:Bellum Siculum
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3683:
3682:
3668:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3645:
3639:
3638:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3605:
3598:
3597:External links
3595:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3569:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3517:
3490:
3470:
3450:
3439:. 8 April 2024
3424:
3402:
3375:
3349:
3323:
3305:
3274:
3262:maltatoday.org
3249:
3226:
3201:
3190:
3179:
3153:
3127:
3116:
3093:
3081:cnt.rm.ingv.it
3068:
3042:
3016:
2988:
2952:
2926:
2900:
2874:
2852:
2830:
2804:
2788:
2770:
2744:
2730:
2706:
2671:
2628:
2578:
2553:
2515:
2498:"Etna and Man"
2489:
2464:
2433:
2420:
2409:
2396:
2360:
2310:
2299:
2237:
2192:(16): L16317,
2167:
2152:
2136:
2127:
2110:
2093:
2079:(in Italian).
2061:
2027:
2001:
1970:
1954:
1936:
1901:(4): 141–149.
1881:
1858:
1840:
1821:
1803:
1792:
1770:
1739:
1684:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1633:Mount Vesuvius
1630:
1625:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1596:
1580:
1577:
1526:of the volcano
1499:
1496:
1447:
1444:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1333:
1330:
1179:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1162:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1131:fascist regime
1098:
1095:
1006:
1003:
929:shield volcano
916:
913:
903:
900:
858:in monte Gyber
608:
605:
578:United Nations
574:Decade Volcano
536:Canary Islands
524:Mount Vesuvius
504:Eurasian Plate
398:
397:
394:
393:
390:
386:
385:
382:
378:
377:
370:
366:
365:
360:
356:
355:
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346:
345:
340:
337:
336:
333:
332:
331:14 August 2024
329:
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301:
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156:
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107:
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84:
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75:
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5744:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5536:
5529:
5524:
5522:
5517:
5515:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5445:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:Villa Poppaea
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5165:San Gimignano
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5145:Medici villas
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5045:Valdobbiadene
5042:
5038:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4896:Crespi d'Adda
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4874:
4869:
4867:
4862:
4860:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4702:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4437:Ellmauer Halt
4435:
4433:
4432:Birkkarspitze
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4412:Pointe Percée
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:Dents du Midi
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4337:Gran Paradiso
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4267:Grossglockner
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4246:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4053:
4043:
4033:
4027:
4026:Sulfur mining
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3985:Sicilian cart
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3803:Muslim Sicily
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Magna Graecia
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3704:Caltanissetta
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3654:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3636:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3589:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3412:
3406:
3390:
3386:
3379:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3183:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3120:
3104:
3097:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2862:
2856:
2840:
2834:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2734:
2716:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2687:(1–2): 1–34.
2686:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2413:
2406:
2400:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2248:
2241:
2235:, 35, L08311.
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2163:
2156:
2150:
2149:0 19 811588 1
2146:
2140:
2131:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2106:0-8153-2865-6
2103:
2097:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1977:According to
1974:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1895:Geology Today
1892:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1788:
1787:Yahoo News UK
1784:
1780:
1774:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1719:(9): L09305,
1718:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1689:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1583:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1504:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1443:
1441:
1432:
1424:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1176:
1166:
1159:
1148:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1102:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1079:1669 eruption
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:Carthaginians
1018:
1014:
1012:
1002:
999:
995:
993:
988:
986:
985:Mediterranean
982:
978:
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
954:
952:
942:
934:
933:stratovolcano
930:
926:
921:
912:
910:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
876:
871:
867:
866:Fada de Gibel
862:
859:
854:
850:
849:Emperor Henry
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
807:
803:
799:
798:Morgan le Fay
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
779:volcanic cone
776:
772:
767:
761:
749:
743:
737:
731:
726:
721:
715:
713:
709:
698:
693:
688:
684:it is called
683:
679:
675:
670:
659:
655:
653:
647:
643:
642:pronunciation
640:
635:
624:
618:
614:
613:Aetna (nymph)
602:
597:
589:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:African Plate
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:stratovolcano
463:
462:Ancient Greek
459:
455:
450:
444:
440:
436:
431:
426:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
361:
357:
354:Natural: viii
353:
351:
347:
343:
338:
334:
330:
328:
327:Last eruption
324:
321:
320:Stratovolcano
318:
316:
315:Mountain type
312:
308:
306:
302:
297:
267:
251:
231:
220:
215:
210:
203:
199:
195:
190:
185:
157:
155:
151:
148:
145:
143:
139:
134:
128:
126:
122:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
102:
98:
93:
88:
82:
77:
72:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
28:
19:
5555:
5372:Castelseprio
5321:
5208:Amalfi Coast
5185:Villa d'Este
4977:
4948:Cinque Terre
4932:Porto Venere
4770:
4752:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4718:
4710:
4695:Psili Koryfi
4564:
4556:
4538:Parângu Mare
4528:
4493:Corno Grande
4467:Zirbitzkogel
4457:Grand Combin
4382:Großer Priel
4292:Dufourspitze
4234:
4225:
4202:
4187:Puy de Sancy
4182:
4159:
4139:Newtontoppen
4124:
4106:Jiehkkevárri
4096:Galdhøpiggen
4004:
3883:Politics and
3853:Risorgimento
3848:Two Sicilies
3790:
3634:Days of Fury
3633:
3573:
3561:. Retrieved
3551:
3529:
3520:
3509:, retrieved
3505:the original
3499:
3493:
3485:the original
3479:
3473:
3465:the original
3459:
3453:
3441:. Retrieved
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3405:
3393:. Retrieved
3389:the original
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3362:the original
3352:
3340:. Retrieved
3335:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3296:. Retrieved
3286:
3277:
3265:. Retrieved
3261:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3235:
3229:
3217:. Retrieved
3213:
3204:
3193:
3182:
3170:. Retrieved
3166:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3139:
3130:
3119:
3107:. Retrieved
3096:
3084:. Retrieved
3080:
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3055:The Guardian
3054:
3045:
3033:. Retrieved
3028:
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
3001:
2991:
2969:(12): 1115.
2966:
2962:
2955:
2943:. Retrieved
2938:
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2912:
2903:
2891:. Retrieved
2887:
2877:
2865:. Retrieved
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2817:the original
2807:
2797:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2757:
2747:
2733:
2721:. Retrieved
2709:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2598:
2594:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2544:. Retrieved
2528:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:the original
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2476:
2467:
2457:
2447:
2441:
2436:
2423:
2412:
2399:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2330:
2326:
2313:
2302:
2259:
2253:
2240:
2232:
2224:
2189:
2185:
2170:
2155:
2139:
2130:
2125:, pp. 70–71.
2122:
2118:
2113:
2096:
2084:. Retrieved
2074:Vocabolario
2073:
2070:"mongibèllo"
2064:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2014:the original
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1982:
1973:
1963:
1957:
1939:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1869:
1861:
1853:the original
1843:
1834:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1795:
1782:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:the original
1752:
1742:
1716:
1710:
1677:19 September
1675:. Retrieved
1671:Agenzia ANSA
1670:
1614:
1607:Italy portal
1558:
1554:Linguaglossa
1547:
1537:
1529:
1522:are the two
1516:Linguaglossa
1449:
1440:vortex rings
1437:
1418:Vortex rings
1335:
1327:
1323:volcanic ash
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1281:
1273:
1261:
1253:
1237:
1219:
1211:
1186:
1136:Jesus Christ
1119:
1100:
1092:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1053:
1038:
1023:
1008:
1000:
996:
989:
970:
955:
947:
905:
892:Fata Morgana
883:
873:
869:
865:
863:
852:
808:
788:is found in
785:
783:
770:
716:
697:Jabal al-Nār
649:
622:
620:
559:
540:
517:
406:
405:, or simply
402:
401:
68:
46:
37:This is the
31:
5596:Santa María
5480:Switzerland
5452:Switzerland
5402:located at
5393:located at
5391:Santa Sofia
5384:located at
5350:Countrywide
5336:Val di Noto
5240:Herculaneum
5203:Alberobello
5180:Val d'Orcia
4978:Sacri Monti
4640:Kajmakčalan
4529:Carpathians
4477:Cima Brenta
4357:Chamechaude
4347:Cima Dodici
4121:Sarektjåkkå
3990:Coppola cap
3922:Culture and
3687:Provinces,
3563:25 December
3172:11 February
3146:22 February
3061:26 December
2867:15 February
2644:(1): 1–20.
2571:15 February
2546:15 December
2407:, ca. 1908
1979:Adrian Room
1753:www.ingv.it
1524:ski resorts
1514:Etna North
1456:Biancavilla
1277:strombolian
1032:during the
923:Simplified
845:Godescalcus
802:King Arthur
720:Muncibbeḍḍu
562:agriculture
528:Mount Teide
449:'a Muntagna
439:Muncibbeḍḍu
372:2013 (37th
369:Inscription
305:Age of rock
202:Muncibbeḍḍu
197:Native name
179: /
154:Coordinates
118:Ranked 54th
5647:Mount Etna
5641:Categories
5591:Sakurajima
5581:Nyiragongo
5546:Avachinsky
5493:Montenegro
5322:Mount Etna
5213:Appian Way
5041:Conegliano
5002:Monferrato
4968:Landscapes
4922:Sabbioneta
4808:Tebulosmta
4660:Këndrevica
4561:Roman-Kosh
4543:Moldoveanu
4397:Presanella
4277:Wildspitze
4262:Mont Blanc
4129:Beerenberg
4125:On islands
4101:Kebnekaise
4005:Mount Etna
3885:government
3691:and places
3632:1979 film
3540:References
2945:5 December
2919:3 December
2893:3 December
2453:See also:
2162:"Mt. Etna"
2043:(2): 191,
1498:Facilities
1492:multipoint
1484:Sant'Alfio
962:ignimbrite
825:underworld
794:otherworld
771:Mongibello
730:Mongibello
712:Hephaestus
646:Phoenician
611:See also:
555:Hephaestus
425:Mongibello
403:Mount Etna
279:Mount Etna
243:Mount Etna
111:Prominence
74:Mount Etna
18:Mongibello
5601:Santorini
5571:Mauna Loa
5566:Koryaksky
5456:with the
5431:Palmanova
5395:Benevento
5125:Tarquinia
5121:Cerveteri
5026:Dolomites
5012:Northeast
4888:Northwest
4828:Kaputjugh
4798:Bazardüzü
4744:Lefka Ori
4670:Parnassus
4569:Narodnaya
4486:Apennines
4462:Tournette
4377:Grintovec
4362:Zugspitze
4302:Marmolada
4287:Hochkönig
4000:Triskeles
3699:Agrigento
3530:Telegraph
3342:9 October
3267:15 August
2638:Disasters
2333:(1): 55.
2262:(4): 40.
2216:129407252
2176:Atlit Yam
2057:162316105
1931:238802288
1923:1365-2451
1870:Hist. An.
1835:Space.com
1763:10 August
1573:2017 Giro
1244:cable car
1230:Lucasfilm
1190:Zafferana
973:landslide
829:Antipodes
823:, Celtic
821:paradisal
784:The name
703:جبل النار
566:vineyards
486:, in the
392:26,220 ha
384:19,237 ha
359:Reference
217:Geography
167:14°59.7′E
164:37°45.3′N
125:Isolation
101:Elevation
5626:Vesuvius
5476:Slovenia
5458:Holy See
5327:Syracuse
5245:Oplontis
5135:Florence
5037:Prosecco
5020:Aquileia
4936:Palmaria
4818:Dykh-Tau
4785:Caucasus
4769:—
4755::
4751:—
4733:—
4725:—
4719:Sardinia
4717:—
4685:Valamara
4655:Jakupica
4645:Smolikas
4600:Taygetus
4563:—
4555:—
4508:Montalto
4452:Grimming
4407:Col Nudo
4402:Birnhorn
4224:—
4203:Canaries
4181:—
4179:Almanzor
4164:Mulhacén
4123:—
4111:Snøhetta
4042:Category
3960:Language
3924:heritage
3833:Viceroys
3828:Monarchs
3734:Syracuse
3437:ABC News
3417:15 April
3395:15 April
3368:15 April
3336:BBC News
3214:phys.org
3186:GeoEtna
3140:France24
3123:GeoEtna
3109:14 March
3086:23 March
3035:16 March
3029:BBC News
3009:16 March
2477:LA Times
2355:44241302
2294:31258237
2086:22 April
2076:Treccani
1981:'s book
1874:Aetnaeus
1579:See also
1533:cableway
1520:Nicolosi
1480:Randazzo
1476:Nicolosi
1460:Belpasso
1296:BBC News
1234:Mustafar
1030:Syracuse
951:calderas
909:altitude
870:Gibaldar
809:conteurs
786:Mongibel
760:Mulciber
725:Sicilian
639:iotacist
570:orchards
532:Tenerife
502:and the
435:Sicilian
350:Criteria
209:Sicilian
43:reviewed
5586:Rainier
5561:Galeras
5489:Croatia
5472:Germany
5464:Austria
5426:Bergamo
5377:Spoleto
5362:Brescia
5294:Islands
5279:Pompeii
5227:Paestum
5103:Central
5078:Ravenna
5031:Ferrara
4966:Bernina
4960:in the
4944:Tinetto
4813:Aragats
4775:Olympus
4773::
4767:Fengari
4737::
4729::
4721::
4713::
4711:Corsica
4665:Radomir
4630:Papingu
4620:Kyllini
4610:Jezercë
4590:Olympus
4578:Balkans
4567::
4559::
4548:Peleaga
4531::
4447:Hochtor
4422:Polinik
4392:Bondone
4372:Arcalod
4367:Antelao
4312:Triglav
4282:Bernina
4237::
4235:Madeira
4228::
4222:Malpaso
4205::
4185::
4162::
4127::
4014:Economy
3943:Cuisine
3773:History
3744:Islands
3739:Trapani
3724:Palermo
3719:Messina
3709:Catania
3511:3 April
3443:8 April
3298:26 June
3003:Reuters
2971:Bibcode
2963:Geology
2689:Bibcode
2666:8867507
2646:Bibcode
2623:6883748
2603:Bibcode
2380:Bibcode
2371:Geology
2335:Bibcode
2285:6560784
2264:Bibcode
2194:Bibcode
1903:Bibcode
1721:Bibcode
1571:of the
1569:Stage 4
1563:of the
1561:Stage 9
1543:Riposto
1472:Maletto
1123:Mascali
1083:Catania
1049:Catania
1041:Plinian
981:tsunami
775:craters
674:Catania
576:by the
564:, with
534:in the
526:. Only
496:Catania
492:Messina
411:Italian
374:Session
299:Geology
142:Listing
87:Catania
5616:Ulawun
5576:Merapi
5551:Colima
5478:, and
5468:France
5254:Naples
5175:Urbino
5155:Pienza
5111:Assisi
5088:Verona
5083:Venice
4994:Langhe
4962:Albula
4918:Mantua
4803:Kazbek
4793:Elbrus
4771:Cyprus
4727:Sicily
4595:Vihren
4585:Musala
4557:Crimea
4513:Cimone
4327:Ortler
4322:Säntis
4226:Azores
3931:People
3729:Ragusa
3679:Sicily
3584:
3548:"Etna"
3242:5 July
3219:6 July
2845:2 June
2823:2 June
2783:Mirror
2763:2 June
2723:2 June
2664:
2621:
2595:Nature
2508:2 June
2482:2 June
2353:
2292:
2282:
2214:
2180:Israel
2147:
2104:
2055:
2020:2 June
1994:2 June
1929:
1921:
1866:Aelian
1464:Bronte
1452:Adrano
1402:VEI 3
1388:VEI 2
1374:VEI 1
1360:VEI 0
1061:Aeneid
1056:Virgil
1045:tephra
992:strata
888:spring
884:Jaufre
875:Jaufre
813:Norman
806:Breton
708:Vulcan
692:Arabic
678:Inessa
652:attuna
547:Typhon
508:Europe
480:Sicily
205:
192:Naming
5621:Unzen
5611:Teide
5487:with
5462:with
5450:with
5231:Velia
5195:South
5170:Siena
4998:Roero
4913:Ivrea
4901:Genoa
4838:Shani
4762:Ainos
4757:Dirfi
4749:Dikti
4735:Crete
4715:Cinto
4675:Botev
4650:Giona
4615:Athos
4605:Korab
4565:Urals
4498:Amaro
4472:Kesch
4332:Baldo
4248:Alps
4239:Ruivo
4207:Teide
4169:Aneto
4160:Spain
3995:Flags
3965:Music
2888:Wired
2718:(PDF)
2619:S2CID
2591:(PDF)
2351:S2CID
2323:(PDF)
2250:(PDF)
2212:S2CID
2053:S2CID
1927:S2CID
1705:LIDAR
1649:Notes
1552:near
1222:Libya
853:circa
817:Welsh
748:jabal
742:munti
736:monte
690:. In
687:Aetna
682:Latin
680:. In
669:Aítnē
663:Αἴτνη
648:word
634:aíthō
484:Italy
471:Αἴτνη
466:Αἴτνα
458:Aetna
454:Latin
147:Ultra
5606:Taal
5556:Etna
5491:and
5329:and
5272:and
5247:and
5229:and
5160:Rome
5123:and
5113:and
5056:and
5024:The
5000:and
4942:and
4940:Tino
4920:and
4731:Etna
4690:Baba
4680:Çika
4625:Ossa
4427:Tödi
4342:Coca
4307:Viso
4252:List
4230:Pico
3714:Enna
3582:ISBN
3565:2008
3513:2013
3445:2024
3419:2013
3397:2013
3370:2013
3344:2008
3300:2021
3269:2024
3244:2024
3221:2024
3174:2022
3148:2021
3111:2022
3088:2019
3063:2018
3037:2017
3011:2017
2947:2015
2921:2015
2895:2015
2869:2022
2847:2011
2825:2011
2765:2011
2725:2011
2662:PMID
2573:2022
2548:2020
2510:2011
2484:2019
2440:The
2290:PMID
2145:ISBN
2102:ISBN
2088:2024
2022:2011
1996:2011
1919:ISSN
1765:2021
1697:SRTM
1679:2024
1567:and
1352:VEI
1336:The
1088:1693
1077:The
966:Rome
864:The
839:and
727:and
628:αἴθω
623:Etna
615:and
568:and
551:Zeus
512:Alps
494:and
468:and
415:Etna
407:Etna
381:Area
363:1427
5039:di
4739:Ida
2979:doi
2697:doi
2654:doi
2611:doi
2599:112
2537:doi
2388:doi
2343:doi
2280:PMC
2272:doi
2202:doi
2045:doi
1911:doi
1729:doi
1165:ISS
1129:'s
754:جبل
723:in
541:In
530:on
446:or
422:or
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5643::
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