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286:(a sweet biscuit). However, being a country wrapped in China and Russia for a long time, the current Mongolian cuisine has its evolution that adapted from both Chinese and Russian dishes that turned into Mongolian style including goulash (slow cooked meat with gravy and vegetables served with rice and mashed potato), tsuivan (stir fried noodle with meat, potatoes and carrots), various stir-fried dishes and soups with veggies and meat.
225:
180:, is the Mongolian traditional garment worn on workdays and special days. It is a long, loose gown cut in one piece with the sleeves; it has a high collar and widely overlaps at the front. The deel is girdled with a sash. Mongolian deels always close on the wearer's right and traditionally have five fastenings. Modern deels often have decoratively cut overflaps, small round necklines, and sometimes contain a
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92:, which reflects the country's nomadic tradition and its harsh weather during the winter months and rugged landscape. Mongolian homes or known as "ger" circular in shape and are constructed using a variety of materials including felt and wooden parts. The interior of a traditional Mongolian "ger" is portable and can be easily dismantled and reassembled, making them well-suited to the nomadic lifestyle.
704:
1121:
911:), or boys would be dressed up as girls. "Since people of the steppe received only one name in life, its selection carried much symbolism, often on several levels; the name imparted to the child its character, fate and destiny." Before going out at night, young children's foreheads are sometimes painted with
195:. In addition to the deel, men and women might wear loose trousers beneath, and men may have worn skirts during the later Buddhist period, and women might wear underskirts, but in fact it appears on some Mongol paintings women wore wide trousers gathered at ankle, similar to shalwar or Turkish trousers.
203:
and
Chinese sources depict men, and often women, wearing their hair in braids. The hair would be divided into two pigtails, each of which would be divided into three braids. The ends of the braids would then be looped up and bound to the top of the braid behind the ears. Men shaved the tops and sides
879:
Mongolians traditionally were afraid of misfortunes and believe in good and evil omens. Misfortune might be attracted by talking about negative things or by persons that are often talked about. They might also be sent by some malicious shaman enraged by breaking some taboo, like stepping on a yurt's
207:
Each ethnic group living in
Mongolia has its own deel design distinguished by cut, color, and trimming. Before the revolution, all social strata in Mongolia had their own manner of dressing. Livestock breeders, for example, wore plain deels, which served them both summer and winter. The priests wore
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traditions, which have played a central role in the country's history and continue to be an important part of its cultural identity today. In addition to these cultural traditions, Mongolia is home to a number of festivals and celebrations that reflect the country's rich cultural heritage, including
569:
Already at the time of the Mongol empire, samples of
Buddhist and Indian literature became known in Mongolia. Another wave of translations of Indian/Tibetan texts came with Mongolia's conversion to Tibetan Buddhism in the late 16th/ early 17th centuries. Beginning in the 1650s, copies of religious
444:
was used in several Mongol words and had the meaning: "to rush headlong, to be inspired or to have a sense of creative thought, and even to take a flight of fancy." It can be seen from
Mongolian perspective as "the look in the eye of a horse that is racing where it wants to go, no matter what the
2099:
UNESCO "Mongol herders have a coaxing ritual, which uses singing, music and chanting to help female camels accept new-borns or adopted calves. A song is performed to the mother tied to a calf, using chants, gestures and music played on a fiddle or flute, to calm and unite them. Most herdswomen
499:
1058:
The
Mongolian Waltz is a dance unique to Mongolia. Typically, one mounted horseman and one mounted horsewoman circle each other in time to a traditional song, which speeds up as it progresses. The three step gait of the horses, as they circle, gives the dance its name.
72:
of 5 main animals including sheep, goat, horse, cow, camel and some yaks. This way of life has had a significant impact on
Mongolian culture, influencing everything from the country's social relationships and family structures to its art, music, and literature.
925:
For a child, the first big celebration is the first haircut, usually at an age between three and five. Birthdays were not celebrated in the past, but today, birthday parties are popular. Wedding ceremonies traditionally include the hand-over of a new
76:
Mongolian culture is also well known for its traditional arts, which include music, dance, and literature. The country's music and dance traditions are closely connected to its nomadic past and are an important part of its cultural heritage.
265:
meat. Dairy products are made from mostly cow's milk and some from yak and goat including cheese, curds, creams and other dessert type dairies. There is also a traditional alcohol drink made from fermented mare's milk called
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around 1831. The play got lost in the early 20th century, but in the meantime other theatre groups had developed. The first professional
Mongolian theatre was founded in Ulaanbaatar in 1930. In the socialist period, every
1054:
In the 20th century, western style classical music has been introduced, and mixed with traditional elements by some composers. Later on the full palette of Pop and Rock music has also been adopted by younger musicians.
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practise the ritual, transmitted during adolescence from parents or elders. It is considered important for maintaining community ties but under threat from rural-urban migration and greater use of modern transport".
1977:
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985:, but has nothing similar to Chinese New Year, and usually falls into January or February. Family members and friends visit each other, exchange presents - very popular presents for all opportunities are the
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of their heads, usually leaving only a short "forelock" in front and the long hair behind. The famous bogtag headdress worn by women seems to have been restricted to married women of very high rank.
384:
Among the topics that are mentioned from the oldest works of
Mongolian literature to modern soft pop songs are love for mothers, parents and homesickness, a longing for the place where one grew up.
531:, literally meaning tales. They include the proverbs attributed to Genghis Khan, and the epics around the Khan's life, or the one about his two white horses. Other well-known epics deal with
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and sweets or the like are sacrificed to have a safe trip. Certain ovoos, especially those on high mountains, are sacrificed to obtain good weather, ward off misfortune, and the like.
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in the 1910s, many important works of
Russian and European literature, or at least those that were not politically incorrect, were translated into Mongolian in the 20th century.
187:
Depictions of
Mongols during the time of the empire, however, show deels with more open necklines, no collars, and very simply cut overlaps, similar to the deels still worn by
1051:(horse headed fiddle) and other string instruments, and several types of songs. Mongolian melodies are typically characterized by pentatonic harmonies and long end notes.
934:) to the marrying couple. Deceased relatives were usually put to rest in the open, where the bodies were eaten by animals and birds. Nowadays, bodies are usually buried.
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832:
Tibetan Buddhism is a ritualistic religion with a large number of deities. This inspired the creation of religious objects including images in paintings and sculptures.
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Before the 20th century, most works of the fine arts in Mongolia had a religious function, and therefore Mongolian fine arts were heavily influenced by religious texts.
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597:, a number of Chinese novels were translated into Mongolian. At the same time, social discontent and an awakening Mongol nationalism lead to the creation of works like
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of the same style are still worn in part of Mongolia and China today; they have plain front and back panels with closely pleated side panels. Paintings of Mongols from
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Beginning from the 17th century, a number of chronicles have been preserved. They also contain long alliterative passages. Notable examples are the Altan Tovch by
1836:
ZURAG – a movie about Otgonbayar Ershuu; Germany/Mongolia 2010; produced by Tobias Wulff (The movie was broadcast twice in the Mongolian State television in 2011)
408:). The word was introduced in the Middle Ages to many non-Mongolic languages by conquering Mongol-speaking nomads, and now exists in different forms such as the
308:, United States, despite efforts by Mongolian President Elbegdorj Tsakhia to stop the sale. The Mongolian government is concerned about maintaining control over
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and the daily activities of pastoral nomads. However, there have been some changes in styles which distinguish modern Mongolian dress from historic costume. The
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Altar of 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu - the spiritual leader of the Gelug lineage among the Khalkha Mongols. Gandantegchinlen Monastery, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
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Mongolian traditional clothing has changed little since the days of the empire because it is supremely well-adapted to the conditions of life on the
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have been founded. They heavily focus on light comedies and skits, and also regularly produce clips that are distributed on DVD or the internet.
123:. Mongolian handicrafts and folk art are often sold as souvenirs to tourists and are an important source of income for many Mongolian families.
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as the leader of all people who live in felt tents, called gers, and even today a large share of Mongolia's population lives in ger, even in
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tradition and its position at the crossroads of various empires and civilizations. Mongolian culture is influenced by the cultures of the
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are played widely. Indigenous card games existed in the 19th century but are now lost. One of the popular card games that is played is
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have always played an important role in daily life as well as in the arts. Mongolians have a lot of epic heroes from ancient times.
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779:" in the late 1980s. Otgonbayar Ershuu is an important painter of the time, he was portrayed in the film "ZURAG" by Tobias Wulff.
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created movies that connected ancient traditions and mythology, and how they may relate to life in a modern world. Byambasuren's
863:. Mongolians have also been known to live in some Latvian and Lithuanian regions because they are so close to the Russian border
209:
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2014:
1989:
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After democratization, film makers turned to international partners for support, as in the Japanese-Mongolian co-production
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489:. It does, however, contain passages of older poetry. Otherwise, few examples of Mongolian literature from the time of the
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peoples, as well as by the country's geography and its history of political and economic interactions with other nations.
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was, except in some remote regions, suppressed and marginalized. On the other hand, a number of shamanic practices, like
817:, Mongolia practiced freedom of worship which is still a defining element of the Mongol character. In the 17th century,
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and various other modern card games are very popular among the younger generations such as 13 (similar to poker).
396:, appears frequently in personal names, and even in the name of Mongolia's capital, Ulaanbaatar, means "red hero" (
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technique. Bronze sculptures usually showed Buddhist deities. A number of great works are attributed to the first
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119:. These crafts are often passed down from generation to generation and are an important part of the country's
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The oldest completely passed down work of Mongolian literature is probably also the most well-known abroad:
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1197:. Not only they use anklebones as a token, but also they have number of games only using “shagai” itself.
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1541:
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1819:
Ronge, Veronika (1986). Weiers, Michael (ed.). "Die Mongolen, Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte und Kultur".
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or soot to deceive evil spirits that this is not a child but a rabbit with black hair on the forehead.
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is so important in the steppes that it is traditionally taken for granted. The Mongolian word for hero,
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for centuries. The nomadic lifestyle is centered around the family and the community, and involves the
1000:
became a big holiday, and it is one of the biggest celebrations, comparable to Christmas in the West.
954:). The biggest one is held each year on July 11–13 in Ulaanbaatar, but there are also smaller ones on
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got its own theatre. Since the 1990s, a number of small privately owned theatre companies, like
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were already performed in the 18th and 19th centuries. The oldest Mongolian drama known today, "
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Mongolian Limbe is registered as an Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding
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750:-like paintings dealing with secular, nationalist themes were also popular, a genre known as "
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Mongolian children were known to have played an ice game on frozen rivers that is similar to
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and Tsagaan Sar, which is a national holidays that celebrates Mongolian culture and history.
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sects are trying to gain a foothold in Mongolia. About 4% of the Mongolian population is
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skeletons originating from Mongolia and transporting them to the United States for sale.
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and dairies, with some regional variations. The most common meat local people consume is
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89:
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29:
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about the mother and the area where one grew up were found in a soldier's grave at the
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1938:
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772:) created by Tsevegjav in the 1960s. The artist was purged as his work was censored.
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242:
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In addition to its traditional architecture, Mongolian culture is also known for its
54:
2123:
2018:
1993:
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103:. Mongolian folk art includes a wide range of crafts and decorative arts, such as
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Other pieces of literature have long been orally traded and typically consist of
417:
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while scientists worry about such items disappearing into private collections. A
181:
173:
1847:
Kaschewsky, Rudolf (1968). Weiers, Michael (ed.). "Die Religion der Mongolian".
1771:; Ray, Michael; Pletcher, Kenneth; McKenna, Amy; Murray, Lorraine (2023-03-14).
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Geburt, Hochzeit, Tod - Der menschliche Lebenszyklus im Brauchtum der Mongolen
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The spoken storytelling traditions that led to Mongolian literature include "
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The most endangered family members were children. They are sometimes given
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In socialist times, movies were treated as a propaganda instrument by the
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1077:. The first topics were popular legends and revolutionary heroes like in
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667:
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also means "home" in a broad sense, and other words are derived from its
352:
250:
3283:
1043:
Mongolia has a very old musical tradition. Key traditional elements are
152:
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112:
96:
1835:
81:, on the other hand, has a long and varied history, and includes both
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304:, was sold to an undisclosed buyer for $ 1,052,500 at an auction in
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1085:. The 1970s saw many documentaries and everyday life stories as in
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720:
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283:
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2612:
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1081:. In the 1950s, the focus shifted to working class heroes, as in
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617:
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575:
116:
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The ger (yurts) is part of the Mongolian national identity. The
60:
One of the most distinctive aspects of Mongolian culture is its
3324:
3216:
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1186:
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986:
860:
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were virtually outlawed in the Mongolian People's Republic. In
675:
671:
624:
571:
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509:
508:
in 1930, 25 manuscript and block print fragments were found in
468:
332:
320:
was convicted in a New York court in December 2012 for looting
309:
213:
177:
169:
136:
64:
economy, which has shaped the traditional way of life for the
2097:
New inscriptions on the lists of intangible cultural heritage
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1325:
1129:
1018:
950:
The most important public festivals are the Naadam (English:
703:
536:
385:
313:
267:
254:
231:, a Mongolian meat stew, served as a special meal for guests.
196:
42:
1120:
1430:
1190:
1017:
Mongolian musicians playing outside the Centre Pompidou in
990:
927:
826:
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and Shamanism have been the dominant belief systems of the
664:
336:
271:
258:
246:
188:
1763:
1659:
1547:
List of World Heritage Sites in Northern and Central Asia
918:
When passing ovoos (cairns) on a journey, they are often
262:
1164:(boy = pawn). The rules used today are the same as in
821:
became the dominant religion in Mongolia. Traditional
678:
of good wishes), and magtaal (the poetry of praise)".
658:
282:(a meat stew, usually a special meal for guests), and
1849:
Die Mongolen, Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte und Kultur
1733:
Die Mongolen, Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte und Kultur
1656:"Mongolia tries to stop sale of rare dinosaur fossil"
829:
worshiping, were incorporated into Buddhist liturgy.
746:
was the dominant painting style, however traditional
126:
Mongolian culture is also strongly influenced by its
1862:
Szynkiewicz, Slawoj (1989). Heissig, Walther (ed.).
1682:"Man Admits to Smuggling Asian Fossils of Dinosaurs"
738:
turned to more realistic painting styles. Under the
440:
signified a way to describe creativity and passion;
88:
Mongolian culture is also known for its distinctive
1978:
Mongolian Intangible Cultural Heritage - unesco.org
851:, traditional religion was heavily affected by the
253:, in the southern region local people also consume
880:threshold, desecrating waters or mountains, etc.
3566:
1965:(exhibition catalogue), Innsbruck 1989, p. 205ff
1731:Heissig, Walther (1986). Weiers, Michael (ed.).
764:into the fine arts of Mongolia was the painting
289:
1901:Genghis Khan and the making of the Modern World
1502:List of historical cities and towns of Mongolia
1893:
1891:
1224:List of Mongolian Intangible Cultural Heritage
775:All forms of fine arts flourished only after "
3299:
2557:
2150:
973:For families, the most important festival is
216:lords put on smart hats and silk waistcoats.
1796:Bartholomew, Terese Tse (7 September 1995).
1710:"Dinosaur smuggler faces 17 years in prison"
1552:List of World Heritage Sites in Eastern Asia
866:
1897:
1888:
1861:
1795:
809:and still retain significant importance in
3306:
3292:
2564:
2550:
2157:
2143:
2114:Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
1990:"The Traditional Music of the Morin Khuur"
1880:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1846:
1749:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1603:"A Brief Guide to Historic Mongol Costume"
623:Religious theatre plays about the Tibetan
590:, but also in some Mongolian monasteries.
3313:
2037:
2035:
2015:"Urtiin Duu - Traditional Folk Long Song"
1230:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
2043:"Naadam, Mongolian traditional festival"
1679:
1429:Traditional craftsmanship of the Mongol
1391:Folk long song performance technique of
1119:
1024:
1012:
941:
870:
786:
734:In the late 19th century, painters like
702:
691:
552:another anonymous work of the same title
543:, Khan Kharangui, Bum Erdene, and more.
462:
331:
223:
159:
151:
28:
2017:. UNESCO Culture Sector. Archived from
1992:. UNESCO Culture Sector. Archived from
1973:
1971:
1730:
1653:
586:. These prints were mainly produced in
14:
3567:
2032:
2007:
1932:
1855:
1075:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
981:), which is roughly equivalent to the
760:Among the first attempts to introduce
294:On May 20, 2012, a rare skeleton of a
164:Mongolian artists in national costumes
3287:
2571:
2545:
2138:
1982:
1818:
1798:"Introduction to the Art of Mongolia"
1039:List of Mongolian musical instruments
1029:Morinhuur: Mongolian Horsehead Fiddle
379:
374:
257:meat, and in the other parts mutton,
142:
3547:
1968:
1708:Fox, Emily Jane (27 December 2012).
1680:Moynihan, Colin (27 December 2012).
1399:) performances - circular breathing
371:, to make a home" >) "to marry."
2164:
1935:The Lost Country: Mongolia Revealed
1707:
1567:Surnames by country § Mongolia
659:Oral traditions and oral literature
24:
1124:Mongolian shatar, variant of chess
707:Sita (White) Tara by Öndör Gegeen
25:
3586:
2107:
1631:. Asia-planet.net. Archived from
1213:have traditionally been popular.
486:The Secret History of the Mongols
41:has been shaped by the country's
3546:
3535:
3534:
3422:Inner Mongolia Normal University
2718:
2525:
2516:
2515:
1654:Pearson, Michael (21 May 2012).
1447:Mongolian knuckle-bone shooting
1345:The Traditional Naadam festival
1112:as foreign documentary in 2005.
1003:
791:A Buddhist monastery in Mongolia
719:were usually painted or made in
493:have come down in written form:
2090:
2078:
2067:
2056:
1961:, in Walther Heissig (editor),
1951:
1926:
1840:
1829:
855:. Since the 1990s, a number of
2483:British Indian Ocean Territory
1825:. Darmstadt. pp. 125–148.
1812:
1789:
1757:
1724:
1701:
1673:
1647:
1621:
1595:
1537:Traditional Mongolian medicine
1272:Urtiin Duu - Traditional Folk
1106:The Story of the Weeping Camel
946:Naadam Festival in Ulaanbaatar
937:
327:
13:
1:
1851:. Darmstadt. pp. 87–123.
1588:
1254:The Traditional Music of the
1205:-like games are also played.
1096:. Independent directors like
989:- and eat huge quantities of
593:In Mongolia's time under the
448:
345:Secret History of the Mongols
290:Cultural artifact controversy
1557:Society of the Mongol Empire
996:Under the Soviet influence,
681:
612:Beginning with the works of
564:Mongol Borjigin ovgiin tüükh
516:brought some fragments from
436:. Traditional words such as
339:in the Mongolian Countryside
208:yellow deels with a cape or
7:
2756:Historical cities and towns
2693:Mongolian People's Republic
2119:National Museum of Mongolia
1542:List of museums in Mongolia
1479:
1433:and its associated customs
782:
740:Mongolian People's Republic
147:
10:
3591:
1937:. Hodder & Stoughton.
1898:Weatherford, Jack (2004).
1363:, a living human heritage
1227:
1066:
1032:
979:white month/Lunar New Year
962:levels. A Naadam involves
794:
685:
452:
367:is a verb that means ("to
270:). Popular dishes include
234:
219:
3530:
3512:Mausoleum of Genghis Khan
3494:
3478:
3435:
3417:Inner Mongolia University
3407:
3374:
3336:
3322:
3250:
3154:
3069:
3060:
3005:
2996:
2882:
2873:
2736:
2727:
2716:
2583:
2511:
2470:
2430:
2172:
2085:Coaxing ritual for camels
1377:Mongolian throat singing
1062:
978:
951:
908:
896:
867:Customs and superstitions
401:
3366:Administrative divisions
2933:Administrative divisions
2623:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
2232:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1492:Architecture of Mongolia
1189:, are used in games, as
1136:. The chess figures are
1128:Popular board games are
1115:
1008:
813:. During the era of the
711:. Mongolia, 17th century
558:, Lomi's History of the
212:thrown over it. Secular
85:and written traditions.
3522:Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda
3517:Hexigten Global Geopark
3445:Music of Inner Mongolia
2493:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2131:, Mongolian art exhibit
2124:Mongolian culture blogs
2045:. UNESCO Culture Sector
1933:Becker, Jasper (1992).
1777:Encyclopedia Britannica
1577:List of nomadic peoples
1211:disentanglement puzzles
696:19th Century Mongolian
578:and also of epics like
3187:Goyol Fashion Festival
2977:Chief of General Staff
1767:; Sanders, Alan J.K.;
1629:"Mongolia Information"
1582:Goyol Fashion Festival
1125:
1030:
1022:
947:
876:
792:
712:
700:
480:
340:
245:is primarily based on
232:
165:
157:
34:
3465:Northeastern Mandarin
3356:Independence movement
2948:Third neighbor policy
2648:Northern Yuan dynasty
1605:. AOL. Archived from
1414:Mongolian calligraphy
1199:Rock, paper, scissors
1185:Sheep anklebones, or
1123:
1108:was nominated for an
1028:
1016:
945:
874:
790:
725:Jebtsundamba Khutuktu
706:
695:
688:Sculpture of Mongolia
674:, tales, yörööl (the
605:or the stories about
471:, Khan of the Mongol
466:
335:
227:
163:
155:
32:
3207:Traditional medicine
2926:Constitutional Court
2768:Environmental issues
2598:Prehistoric Mongolia
2407:United Arab Emirates
1957:Slawoj Szynkiewicz,
1172:) and 'Daur Chess'.
1098:Dorjkhandyn Turmunkh
801:Since ancient times
797:Religion in Mongolia
601:'s historical novel
455:Mongolian literature
322:Tyrannosaurus bataar
302:Tyrannosaurus bataar
79:Mongolian literature
3575:Culture of Mongolia
3495:Visitor attractions
2892:State Great Khural
2683:Soviet intervention
2434:limited recognition
1912:. pp. 14, 22.
1572:Nomadic pastoralism
1532:Mongolian mythology
1497:Mongolian alphabets
1487:History of Mongolia
1461:Coaxing ritual for
853:Cultural Revolution
839:in the 1930s, both
582:began to appear as
527:, and are known as
525:alliterative verses
495:fragments of a song
90:architectural style
39:culture of Mongolia
3450:Mongolian language
3427:Chifeng University
3131:List of Mongolians
3038:Telecommunications
2678:Chinese occupation
2021:on October 7, 2012
1996:on October 7, 2012
1910:Three Rivers Press
1822:Kunst und Künstler
1765:Harris, Chauncy D.
1687:The New York Times
1527:Emblem of Mongolia
1156:(horse = knight),
1152:(camel = bishop),
1148:"tiger" = queen),
1126:
1069:Cinema of Mongolia
1031:
1023:
948:
877:
793:
713:
701:
653:Shine üe prodakshn
566:), and many more.
554:, Sagang Sechen's
481:
410:Bulgarian language
380:Traditional values
375:Literary tradition
341:
297:Tarbosaurus bataar
261:, goat, horse and
233:
166:
158:
143:Material tradition
35:
3562:
3561:
3470:Plain Blue Banner
3454:in Inner Mongolia
3281:
3280:
3246:
3245:
3056:
3055:
2992:
2991:
2984:Political parties
2943:Foreign relations
2869:
2868:
2539:
2538:
2476:other territories
1739:. pp. 70–85.
1477:
1476:
1160:(cart = castle),
1102:Byambasuren Davaa
1035:Music of Mongolia
966:, wrestling, and
744:socialist realism
638:) was created by
278:(a meat pastry),
274:(meat dumpling),
243:Mongolian cuisine
237:Mongolian cuisine
121:cultural heritage
18:Mongolian culture
16:(Redirected from
3582:
3550:
3549:
3538:
3537:
3460:Mongolian script
3308:
3301:
3294:
3285:
3284:
3266:
3259:
3233:
3232:(New Year's Day)
3220:
3172:
3099:Southern Mongols
3067:
3066:
3033:
3003:
3002:
2913:
2895:
2880:
2879:
2734:
2733:
2722:
2618:Rouran Khaganate
2566:
2559:
2552:
2543:
2542:
2529:
2519:
2518:
2488:Christmas Island
2174:Sovereign states
2166:Culture of Asia
2159:
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1959:Sport und Spiele
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1599:
1522:Flag of Mongolia
1240:Year Proclaimed
1234:
1233:
1140:(noble = king),
983:Chinese New Year
980:
953:
910:
898:
837:Stalinist purges
819:Tibetan Buddhism
614:Tseveen Jamsrano
503:
477:Pope Nicholas IV
403:
300:, also known as
156:Üzemchin Mongols
62:nomadic pastoral
21:
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3146:Writing systems
3136:Sex trafficking
3126:Public holidays
3052:
3031:
2988:
2967:Law enforcement
2911:
2893:
2865:
2723:
2714:
2710:Modern Mongolia
2705:1990 Revolution
2688:1921 Revolution
2668:1911 Revolution
2658:Dzungar Khanate
2633:Medieval tribes
2579:
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2540:
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2447:Northern Cyprus
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2013:
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1769:Lattimore, Owen
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1610:
1609:on 11 June 2001
1601:
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1596:
1591:
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1482:
1329:end-blown flute
1243:Year Inscribed
1232:
1226:
1118:
1087:The Clear Tamir
1071:
1065:
1041:
1033:Main articles:
1011:
1006:
940:
920:circumambulated
875:Mongolian child
869:
811:their mythology
799:
785:
736:"Marzan" Sharav
690:
684:
661:
607:"Crazy" Shagdar
570:texts like the
497:
461:
453:Main articles:
451:
382:
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363:. For example,
330:
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182:Mandarin collar
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137:Naadam Festival
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2905:Prime Minister
2902:
2897:
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2108:External links
2106:
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2006:
1981:
1967:
1950:
1943:
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1870:. p. 196.
1854:
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1800:. asianart.com
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1635:on 24 May 2004
1620:
1593:
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1562:Mongolian name
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1517:Soyombo symbol
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1166:European chess
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1067:Main article:
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1045:throat-singing
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970:competitions.
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795:Main article:
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686:Main article:
683:
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603:Blue Chronicle
556:Erdeniin Tovch
450:
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2638:Mongol Empire
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2457:South Ossetia
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2020:
2016:
2010:
1995:
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1110:Academy Award
1107:
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1004:Entertainment
1001:
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770:Mother's love
767:
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636:Saran khökhöö
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491:Mongol Empire
488:
487:
478:
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446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
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312:and cultural
311:
307:
306:New York City
303:
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298:
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264:
260:
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52:
48:
44:
40:
31:
27:
19:
3551:
3539:
3507:Zhaojun Tomb
3436:
3230:Tsagaan Sar
3164:Architecture
3155:
3121:Prostitution
3074:Demographics
2955:Human rights
2894:(parliament)
2887:Constitution
2698:World War II
2673:Bogd Khanate
2643:Yuan dynasty
2628:Liao dynasty
2472:Dependencies
2402:Turkmenistan
2367:Saudi Arabia
2326:
2129:AsianArt.com
2092:
2080:
2069:
2058:
2047:. Retrieved
2023:. Retrieved
2019:the original
2009:
1998:. Retrieved
1994:the original
1984:
1963:Die Mongolen
1962:
1958:
1953:
1934:
1928:
1900:
1863:
1857:
1848:
1842:
1831:
1820:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1791:
1780:. Retrieved
1759:
1732:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1703:
1691:. Retrieved
1685:
1675:
1663:. Retrieved
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1633:the original
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:the original
1597:
1215:
1184:
1174:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1094:Genghis Khan
1091:
1072:
1057:
1053:
1042:
995:
972:
964:horse racing
949:
931:
924:
917:
909:not this one
900:
897:without name
888:
882:
878:
834:
831:
800:
774:
769:
766:Ehiin setgel
765:
759:
753:
747:
733:
714:
662:
652:
648:
640:Danzanravjaa
635:
622:
611:
602:
595:Qing dynasty
592:
584:block prints
568:
563:
548:Luvsandanzan
545:
522:
514:Pyotr Kozlov
512:in 1902/03,
484:
482:
467:Letter from
441:
437:
430:North Indian
405:
393:
383:
368:
364:
356:
349:Genghis Khan
344:
342:
321:
301:
295:
293:
241:Traditional
240:
206:
186:
167:
125:
109:metalworking
94:
87:
75:
59:
38:
36:
26:
3502:Shiretu Juu
3389:Gobi Desert
3010:Agriculture
2910:Government
2795:Gobi Desert
2751:Ulaanbaatar
2531:Asia portal
2432:States with
2352:Philippines
2292:South Korea
2287:North Korea
2182:Afghanistan
1804:10 February
1307:Traditional
1256:Morin Khuur
1049:Morin Khuur
975:Tsagaan Sar
938:Festivities
815:Great Khans
777:Perestroika
632:Moon Cuckoo
518:Khara-Khoto
506:Volga river
498: [
459:Mongol epic
402:Улаанбаатар
390:Hospitality
353:Ulaanbaatar
328:Ger (yurts)
105:woodcarving
97:handicrafts
3219:(festival)
3197:Literature
3032:(currency)
2917:Judiciary
2653:Four Oirat
2412:Uzbekistan
2387:Tajikistan
2302:Kyrgyzstan
2282:Kazakhstan
2202:Bangladesh
2192:Azerbaijan
2063:unesco.org
2049:2011-02-03
2025:2009-09-07
2000:2009-09-07
1782:2023-05-11
1773:"Mongolia"
1716:5 November
1693:5 November
1665:5 November
1639:5 November
1613:5 November
1589:References
1249:Reference
1207:Wood knots
1079:Sükhbaatar
977:(English:
835:After the
616:and other
580:Geser Khan
539:epics are
533:Geser Khan
449:Literature
406:Ulan Bator
191:in modern
128:equestrian
113:embroidery
55:East Asian
3409:Education
3376:Geography
3169:Biyelgee
3106:Education
3020:Companies
2938:Elections
2912:(cabinet)
2900:President
2822:Mountains
2800:Grassland
2729:Geography
2663:Qing rule
2498:Hong Kong
2452:Palestine
2377:Sri Lanka
2372:Singapore
2252:Indonesia
1876:cite book
1868:Innsbruck
1745:cite book
1737:Darmstadt
1507:Long-song
1310:epic poem
1274:Long Song
1021:, France.
905:Mongolian
893:Mongolian
885:non-names
857:Christian
845:Shamanism
823:Shamanism
762:modernism
729:Zanabazar
709:Zanabazar
698:distemper
682:Fine arts
535:. Famous
520:in 1909.
473:Ilkhanate
422:Hungarian
398:Mongolian
361:word stem
347:mentions
276:khuushuur
132:wrestling
3569:Category
3541:Category
3351:Politics
3273:Category
3225:Religion
3116:Language
2972:Military
2875:Politics
2810:Khövsgöl
2593:Timeline
2577:articles
2573:Mongolia
2521:Category
2442:Abkhazia
2392:Thailand
2347:Pakistan
2327:Mongolia
2322:Maldives
2317:Malaysia
2217:Cambodia
1906:New York
1512:Biyelgee
1480:See also
1361:Falconry
1237:Element
1176:Dominoes
1134:checkers
1083:New Year
998:New Year
913:charcoal
841:Buddhism
803:Tengrism
783:Religion
721:applique
717:Thangkas
628:Milarepa
599:Injanash
560:Borjigin
442:temuuleh
438:temuuleh
434:Georgian
318:smuggler
284:boortsog
280:khorkhog
229:Khorkhog
193:Mongolia
148:Clothing
101:folk art
47:Mongolic
3553:Commons
3486:Hot pot
3479:Cuisine
3437:Culture
3399:Climate
3361:Economy
3346:History
3338:General
3329:capital
3257:Outline
3217:Naadam
3182:Cuisine
3171:(dance)
3156:Culture
3089:Buryats
3084:Khalkha
3079:Mongols
3062:Society
3043:Tourism
3030:Tögrög
3015:Banking
2998:Economy
2854:Selenga
2837:Khentii
2832:Khangai
2783:Mammals
2763:Climate
2741:Borders
2613:Xianbei
2608:Xiongnu
2585:History
2417:Vietnam
2332:Myanmar
2312:Lebanon
2242:Georgia
2197:Bahrain
2187:Armenia
1246:Region
1218:curling
1180:Muushig
968:archery
901:Enebish
807:Mongols
752:Mongol
748:thangka
672:legends
618:Buryats
588:Beijing
529:Üligers
426:Persian
414:Russian
365:gerlekh
310:fossils
220:Cuisine
201:Persian
117:weaving
70:herding
66:Mongols
43:nomadic
3384:Cities
3325:Hohhot
3317:topics
3177:Cinema
3111:Health
3094:Oirats
2859:Orkhon
2849:Rivers
2746:Cities
2575:
2462:Taiwan
2397:Turkey
2362:Russia
2297:Kuwait
2277:Jordan
2267:Israel
2227:Cyprus
2212:Brunei
2207:Bhutan
2087:UNESCO
1941:
1916:
1193:or as
1187:shagai
1170:shatar
1063:Cinema
1047:, the
987:khadag
889:Nergui
861:Muslim
676:poetry
665:heroic
625:hermit
576:Tanjur
572:Kanjur
562:clan (
541:Jangar
510:Turpan
479:, 1290
469:Arghun
418:Polish
394:baatar
386:Horses
314:relics
251:mutton
214:feudal
197:Skirts
178:kaftan
170:steppe
115:, and
53:, and
51:Turkic
3264:Index
3238:Sport
3212:Music
3202:Media
3141:Women
2827:Altai
2805:Lakes
2790:Flora
2778:Birds
2773:Fauna
2503:Macau
2422:Yemen
2382:Syria
2357:Qatar
2337:Nepal
2272:Japan
2247:India
2237:Egypt
2222:China
1712:. CNN
1469:2015
1463:camel
1452:2014
1438:2013
1420:2013
1404:2011
1397:flute
1393:Limbe
1382:2010
1368:2012
1351:2010
1348:2010
1338:2008
1335:2009
1326:Tsuur
1316:2009
1297:2009
1281:2008
1278:2005
1263:2008
1260:2003
1203:morra
1195:token
1158:tereg
1150:temee
1144:(cp.
1138:noyon
1130:chess
1116:Games
1019:Paris
1009:Music
956:aimag
899:) or
887:like
754:zurag
668:epics
645:aimag
537:Oirad
502:]
475:, to
337:Yurts
268:Airag
255:camel
210:khimj
189:lamas
176:, or
2960:LGBT
2342:Oman
2307:Laos
2262:Iraq
2257:Iran
1939:ISBN
1914:ISBN
1882:link
1806:2008
1751:link
1718:2022
1695:2022
1667:2022
1641:2022
1615:2022
1209:and
1201:and
1191:dice
1162:khüü
1154:mori
1146:bars
1142:bers
1132:and
1100:and
1037:and
991:buuz
958:and
952:game
928:yurt
843:and
827:ovoo
649:Mask
574:and
550:and
457:and
432:and
272:buuz
259:beef
247:meat
174:deel
135:the
130:and
99:and
83:oral
37:The
2815:Uvs
2474:and
1660:CNN
1431:Ger
960:sum
932:ger
757:".
651:or
634:" (
369:ger
357:Ger
263:yak
3571::
2034:^
1970:^
1908::
1904:.
1890:^
1878:}}
1874:{{
1866:.
1775:.
1747:}}
1743:{{
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1220:.
1089:.
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895::
742:,
731:.
727:,
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500:ru
428:,
424:,
420:,
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355:.
184:.
111:,
107:,
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3456:)
3452:(
3331:)
3327:(
3307:e
3300:t
3293:v
2565:e
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2158:e
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2052:.
2028:.
2003:.
1947:.
1922:.
1884:)
1808:.
1785:.
1753:)
1720:.
1697:.
1669:.
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1617:.
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