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504:; the changes were to take effect in July 2020. On June 10, 2020, protestors tore down the statue of Jefferson Davis from its pedestal. On the first day the new law was in effect, July 1, 2020, Mayor Stoney had a State of Emergency extended to justify the removal of the statue of Stonewall Jackson by a city of Richmond contract, followed with the removal of the Maury statue and the defensive cannon display on July 2. Mayor Stoney then announced plans to remove a total of 11 Confederate memorials. There was an investigation into the awarding of the contract for removal by Stoney as
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457:. A few houses were demolished to make way for parking lots or building expansions, and several modern additions were tucked between earlier existing buildings. But protections put in place by the city by designating Monument Avenue as an Old and Historic Neighborhood have helped maintain the integrity of the neighborhood. In 1969, a group was incorporated called The Residents and Associates for the Preservation of Monument Avenue, led by Zayde Rennolds Dotts (Mrs. Walter Dotts, Jr.), granddaughter of
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to erect statues for three
Virginians who had helped defend the city (two of whom were killed in the defense). City plans as early as 1887 show the proposed site, a circle of land, just past the end of West Franklin Street, a premier uptown residential avenue at the time. The land was owned by a wealthy Richmonder, Otway C. Allen. The plan for the statue included building a grand avenue extending west lined with trees along a central grassy median, in accordance with the
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796:. The monument became a significant discussion point in the city around the times of its commission and its unveiling. Many of the city's residents cited Ashe's distinguished place in the modern history of the city as a reason for inclusion, while some residents and other parties rejected it as inappropriate for Monument Avenue, which had contained only statues of men with a relationship to the
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announced he had been working for a full year on plans to remove the Lee monument from the avenue. Immediately following Gov. Northam's announcement, Richmond's Mayor Stoney announced plans to remove the other four
Confederate statues along with seven additional related monuments throughout the city.
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announced that the city's
Monument Avenue commission would look at providing contextual markers around the Confederate monuments as an option for dealing with the issues raised by statues honoring men who fought to preserve slavery and fracture the Union. At that time, removal of such statues was not
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part of
Monument Avenue includes a combination of large houses (especially in the 3100 block), apartment buildings, and smaller single-family houses. West of Interstate 195, Monument Avenue becomes a more typically suburban avenue, although it continues the wide lanes and expansive grassy median with
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mythos. The
Southern economy was largely devastated due to the war; former Confederates therefore held onto their pride and demanded respect. Monument Avenue was conceived during a site search for a memorial statue of General Robert E. Lee after Lee's death in 1870. Richmond citizens had been wanting
512:
Commonwealth
Attorney Tim Martin found because of the circumstances (where most contractors rejected bidding on the removal due to the perception of possible threats against their business for doing so), that the contracted contractor created a new company to carry out the work specifically to avoid
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It would take about 10 years for wealthy
Richmonders and speculative developers to start buying the lots and building houses along the avenue, but in the years between 1900 and 1925 Monument Avenue exploded with architecturally significant houses, churches and apartment buildings. The architects who
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directed removal of the remaining
Confederate monuments on city-owned land including J.E.B. Stuart, Stonewall Jackson, Matthew Fontaine Maury, the cannons marking the Richmond Defenses, and other monuments around the Richmond area. Public opinion regarding the removal or retention of the statues was
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was handled differently as it was owned by the
Commonwealth, in contrast with the other monuments which were owned by the city. Dedicated in 1890, it was removed on September 8, 2021. All these monuments, including their pedestals, have now been removed completely from the Avenue. The last remaining
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was located in the traffic circle at the intersection of
Monument Avenue and Allen Street. Dedicated in 1890, the Lee Monument was the first and the largest of the street's monuments. It was removed on September 8, 2021 by the Commonwealth of Virginia following a state Supreme Court ruling. At the
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The City of Richmond began work to remove the city-controlled statues, beginning with the Stonewall Jackson monument, on July 1, 2020. Matthew Maury's statue was removed on July 2, and J. E. B. Stuart's on July 7. The Lee Monument was removed by the Commonwealth of Virginia on September 8, 2021.
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In late 2017, Mayor Levar Stoney announced the formation of a "Monument Avenue Commission" that was chartered to solicit the public's input and ultimately provide recommendations on the future of the monuments. In mid-2018, the Commission issued its recommendations, calling for the removal of the
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in Minneapolis, the statues again became a focal point in Richmond. They became a frequent site for both peaceful as well as violent protests. Throughout this period, the statues were covered in graffiti and surrounded with materials such as signs, artwork, candles, and flowers. Richmond-based
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The J. E. B. Stuart Monument was located in the traffic circle at the intersection of West Franklin Street and North Lombardy Street. The statue of Stuart was removed by the City of Richmond on July 7, 2020. The empty pedestal stood until February 2022, when it too was removed, and the traffic
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Through the decades, the avenue has had its ups and downs. As early as 1910, but mostly during the 1950s and '60s, many of the large homes were subdivided into apartments, or interior rooms and carriage houses were let to boarders as the upper class abandoned Monument Avenue for newer suburban
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selected Monument Avenue as one of the "10 Great Streets in America for 2007" based upon the corridor's historical residential design and craftsmanship, diversity of land uses, the integration of multiple forms of transportation, and the commitment of the community to preserve its legacy.
361:"Monument Avenue Historic District" includes the part of Monument Avenue beginning at the traffic circle in the east at the intersection of West Franklin Street and North Lombardy Street, extending westward for some fourteen blocks to Roseneath Avenue, and is listed on the
811:. Ashe stands, racket in hand, on a pedestal bearing the Biblical quote: “Since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which so easily ensnares us, and let us run with endurance the race that is set before us.”
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and should be removed or revised. Proponents of preservation recognize the monuments as veterans' memorials erected to commemorate the hundreds of thousands of Confederate soldiers and citizens who died fighting to defend Richmond during the Civil War. The
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to be placed on Monument Avenue. The statue's placement lacked a correlation between the tennis star and the Confederate leaders already represented on the Avenue. Some residents thought the monument should be placed at the
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permitted at the local level under Virginia law. In April 2020, the Democratic Party took over the Virginia legislature and changed the law, allowing local jurisdictions to remove monuments other than in cemeteries and the
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was located on Monument Avenue at Belmont Avenue. The statue of Maury was removed on July 2, 2020, and the globe followed on July 9. The empty pedestal was removed in February 2022 and the site is now a garden.
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461:, a banker who had commissioned a Jacobean mansion on Monument Avenue in 1914 by the firm of John Russell Pope. In 1970 the group changed its name to the Monument Avenue Preservation Society (MAPS).
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style of urban planning and civic design during this time. The plan shows building plots which Allen intended to sell to developers and those wishing to build houses on the new grand avenue.
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1902:"A US city took down its racist statues. Where do they go next? Richmond, Virginia, removed likenesses of Confederate generals after 2020's protests. Now they're in a statue graveyard"
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those threats, and that the bid price was justified for the circumstances, nor was it connected to the mayor's campaign at all, clearing Stoney and the contractor of any wrongdoing.
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Mayor Stoney had the monument removed on July 1, 2020. In February 2022 the empty pedestal was removed and the site has been paved over, making it a "normal" traffic junction.
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1374:
876:
The statues are presently in an open-air industrial area in Richmond, whose location has been withheld. Richmond recently transferred ownership of the fallen memorials to the
283:. Between 1900 and 1925, Monument Avenue greatly expanded with architecturally significant houses, churches, and apartment buildings. Four of the bronze statues representing
1103:
819:
The Confederate memorials on Monument Avenue have been a source of controversy from time to time since they were first built. Opponents have pointed to their roots in the "
433:. Speculative builders such as W. J. Payne, Harvey C. Brown and the Davis Brothers bought lots and built many houses to sell to those not designing with an architect.
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In the fall of 2023, the Jefferson Davis statue will travel to Los Angeles, where it will be exhibited as part of a display of toppled Confederate art works.
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was located at the intersection of Monument Avenue and North Davis Street. The statue was toppled on June 10, 2020, during the protests following the
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1987:
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a series of light projections that transformed the Confederate statues at night, in particular the Robert E. Lee Monument. In June 2020, Governor
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2009:
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mostly split in several polls down the middle, with other varying figures for retention with historical context or moving them elsewhere.
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Jefferson Davis monument while expressing a desire to attach signage "reinterpreting" the Lee, Jackson, Stuart and Maury monuments.
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On May 29, 1890, crowds were estimated at 100,000 to view the unveiling of the first monument, a massive memorial to Robert E. Lee.
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Bounded by Grace and Birch Sts., Park Ave., and Roseneath Rd.; Roughly, Franklin St. from Roseneath Rd. to Cleveland St.,
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997:
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a variety of trees through to its termination a little over two miles past the current city limits in Henrico County.
1958:
279:, originally named for its emblematic complex of structures honoring those who fought for the Confederacy during the
561:
The Avenue previously included several statues dedicated to Confederate military and political figures, including:
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755:
653:
473:
1786:
1761:"Powerful Video Projections Supporting BLM Help Reclaim Controversial Confederate Statue [Interview]"
1061:"Lawsuit seeks to halt Stoney from removing Richmond's Confederate iconography; heritage group wants statues"
918:
797:
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Nearly a century after the original monuments were put in place, the Richmond community approved a statue of
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in 2020, the Davis monument was torn down by protestors, while the Lee monument was ordered to be removed by
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355:
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70:
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Few streets in the United States can match the splendor imparted by Monument Avenue and its surroundings.
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From 1981 to 1988, just over 1 mile (1.6 km) of Monument Avenue between Malvern Avenue (VA 197) and
61:
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Monument Avenue is the site of several annual events, particularly in the spring, including an annual
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351:
1718:
Monument Avenue Commission: Remove Jefferson Davis monument, reinterpret others honoring Confederacy
2846:
1760:
1427:"Augusta County Commonwealth's Attorney finds no public corruption in Confederate monument removal"
895:, a Virginia holiday from 1984 to 2000 honoring two Confederate leaders and Martin Luther King, Jr.
697:
688:
time it was removed, the Lee Statue was the last existing Confederate Monument on Monument Avenue.
599:
509:
1248:
395:
1309:"Mayor Stoney: Commission to consider removal of Confederate statues on Richmond's Monument Ave"
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2025:
855:
765:
722:
324:
296:
904:
List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests#Confederate monuments
2825:
1183:
953:
851:
841:
484:
445:
1612:
1571:"Stonewall Jackson statue down after Richmond mayor orders removal of Confederate monuments"
778:
547:
405:
built on Monument Avenue practiced in the region and nationally, and included the firms of
328:
309:
17:
1295:
803:
Ashe's statue was the farthest one placed on the Avenue, situated in what is known as the
8:
2020:
Richmond, Virginia, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
505:
350:
and other finery. Prior to 2020, at various times (such as Robert E. Lee's birthday and
343:
2019:
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604:
280:
276:
158:
1400:
458:
224:
1970:
1954:
1230:
1220:
1127:
468:
Monument Avenue is designated as State Route 418, though not signed as such publicly.
426:
410:
406:
288:
1534:"Virginia removes Richmond's Robert E. Lee statue, its largest Confederate monument"
586:
83:
414:
1735:"PHOTOS: Richmond's Monument Avenue during the recent Black Lives Matter protests"
1931:
1436:
1134:
828:
788:
555:
389:
The former capital of the Confederacy, Richmond became a central location of the
292:
284:
1839:"LIVE: Stonewall Jackson statue being removed following order from Mayor Stoney"
1349:"New law allows Virginia localities to remove Confederate statues and monuments"
2882:
Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
2014:
436:
The street was once a favored residential area for Richmond's upper class. The
1927:"White contractors wouldn't remove Confederate statues. So a Black man did it"
1457:
827:" to racial integration of public schools to argue that the statues symbolize
534:
2840:
864:
347:
346:
race and "Easter on Parade", when many Richmonders stroll the avenue wearing
331:
185:
172:
1997:
1234:
275:
is a tree-lined grassy mall dividing the eastbound and westbound traffic in
2003:
1906:
1277:
1104:"News articles — L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs"
838:
a similar controversy with Charlottesville, Virginia's Robert E. Lee statue
808:
496:
437:
430:
335:
2877:
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
1939:
1373:
Times-Dispatch, ZACH JOACHIM AND JOHANNA ALONSO Richmond (June 10, 2020).
2063:
1214:
784:
551:
440:
section, in particular, is lined with large mansions from the end of the
313:
1991:
1827:
Stoney to propose removing all Confederate statues from Monument Avenue
1482:
743:
was located at the intersection of Monument Avenue and North Boulevard.
820:
441:
1940:
Driggs, Sarah Shields; Richard Guy Wilson; Robert P. Winthrop (2001).
1670:"Rally Planned by Tennessee Group to Protect Lee Monument in Richmond"
924:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Richmond, Virginia
1944:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.
1794:
1278:
State Highway and Transportation Commission (September 17, 1981).
1182:. American Planning Association. November 11, 2007. Archived from
880:; it is now up to the institution to decide what to do with them.
1510:
943:
381:
2571:
1180:"Monument Avenue, Richmond Virginia, A Grand American Boulevard"
1461:
538:
464:
1556:"Statue of Confederate Gen. J.E.B. Stuart removed in Richmond"
2030:" documentary film about Monument Avenue's history and legacy
1697:"Stoney's Monument Avenue Commission schedules five meetings"
2006:" online exhibits about the avenue's origins and development
1611:. American Civil War Museum. August 17, 2017. Archived from
358:
gathered along Monument Avenue in period military costumes.
1431:
1401:"Stonewall Jackson removed from Richmond's Monument Avenue"
2892:
National Register of Historic Places in Richmond, Virginia
1876:"Virginia's Massive Robert E. Lee Statue Has Been Removed"
1398:
1506:"Virginia to take down Robert E. Lee statue on Wednesday"
1494:. VA Department of Historic Resources, Sec: 7. p. 1.
1492:
National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination
1285:(Report). Richmond: Commonwealth of Virginia. p. 24.
1263:. Richmond Times Distpatch, Sept 29, 2007. Archived from
1166:
National Register of Historic Inventory - Nomination Form
1046:
National Register of Historic Inventory - Nomination Form
1483:
Robert A. Carter and Jennifer W. Murdock (August 2006).
1375:"Statue of Jefferson Davis torn down on Monument Avenue"
1976:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
1918:
1874:
Evans, Whittney; Streever, David (September 9, 2021).
385:
Confederate Parade on Monument Ave, Richmond, Virginia
1659:, Richmond Times-Dispatch, Retrieved on June 14, 2018
1861:"Maury statue removed on Richmond's Monument Avenue"
878:
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia
2811:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1816:
Virginia Governor to Announce Removal of Lee Statue
1969:
1951:Monument & Boulevard: Richmond's Grand Avenues
749:
299:were removed from their memorial pedestals amidst
16:"Monument Ave" redirects here. For the film, see
2838:
1949:DuPriest, James E. Jr.; Douglas O. Tice (1996).
1605:"On Monument Ave: Controversial From The Start"
1249:The Confederate Image: Prints of the Lost Cause
909:List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
871:
476:(VA 161) was officially designated as unsigned
2867:Historic American Buildings Survey in Virginia
1372:
1346:
1216:Monuments: America's History in Art and Memory
859:artists, Dustin Klein and Alex Criqui created
842:"Unite The Right" rally on August 11–12, 2017.
2049:
1873:
1399:Denise Lavoie; Alan Suderman (July 1, 2020).
728:
713:Jefferson Davis Memorial (Richmond, Virginia)
1657:Removing statues removes a chance to educate
1636:"The Motionless Ghosts That Haunt the South"
1594:, New York Times, Retrieved on July 28, 2007
1148:, New York Times, Retrieved on July 28, 2007
1021:"The Meaning of Our Confederate "Monuments""
1972:Matthew Fontaine Maury Scientist of the Sea
970:. Virginia Department of Historic Resources
899:List of Confederate monuments and memorials
706:
679:Robert E. Lee Monument (Richmond, Virginia)
2056:
2042:
1306:
994:National Historic Landmark summary listing
365:as a National Historic Landmark District.
82:
2857:Georgian Revival architecture in Virginia
2852:Colonial Revival architecture in Virginia
2065:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1925:Schneider, Gregory S. (January 2, 2023).
1924:
1899:
1334:"§ 15.2-1812. Memorials for war veterans"
1092:. Richmond Times-Dispatch. June 10, 2020.
691:
672:
44:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1967:
1948:
1307:Times-Dispatch, MARK ROBINSON Richmond.
1219:(1st ed.). New York: Random House.
1058:
463:
380:
53:U.S. National Historic Landmark District
2887:National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
2862:Gothic Revival architecture in Virginia
2010:Review of Driggs, Wilson, Winthrop book
1018:
996:. National Park Service. Archived from
960:
772:
136:
111:
2839:
1568:
1424:
944:"National Register Information System"
741:equestrian statue of Stonewall Jackson
92:on Monument Avenue, Richmond, Virginia
2037:
1900:Seisdedos, Iker (February 28, 2023).
1450:
1261:"Preservationist Zayde R. Dotts dies"
1253:
1212:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1086:"Statue of Jefferson Davis Torn Down"
982:
2897:Transportation in Richmond, Virginia
2872:National Historic Landmark Districts
1694:
949:National Register of Historic Places
703:circle has been made into a garden.
558:, it was unveiled on July 10, 1996.
363:National Register of Historic Places
2015:Monument Avenue Internet Repository
1919:Further reading (most recent first)
1159:"Monument Avenue Preservation Zone"
1039:"Monument Avenue Preservation Zone"
990:"Monument Avenue Historic District"
936:
266:December 2, 1969, December 12, 1989
13:
1988:Historic American Buildings Survey
1592:Richmond Approves Monument to Ashe
1201:
1146:Richmond Approves Monument to Ashe
14:
2908:
1981:
1425:Church, Chelsea (July 29, 2021).
1347:Zach Rosenthal (April 13, 2020).
1296:Virginia Highways Project: VA 418
840:and the subsequent events of the
308:statue on Monument Avenue is the
36:Monument Avenue Historic District
2570:
2563:
1968:Williams, Frances Leigh (1963).
1787:"Dustin Klein & Alex Criqui"
1633:
550:, a memorial to Richmond native
529:
314:African-American tennis champion
135:
128:
110:
103:
1893:
1867:
1853:
1831:
1820:
1809:
1779:
1753:
1727:
1711:
1688:
1662:
1650:
1627:
1597:
1585:
1562:
1548:
1526:
1498:
1476:
1418:
1392:
1366:
1340:
1326:
1300:
1289:
1271:
1241:
1172:
1151:
1139:
1059:Robinson, Mark (July 8, 2020).
914:List of works by Antonin Mercié
756:Matthew Fontaine Maury Monument
750:Matthew Fontaine Maury Monument
654:Matthew Fontaine Maury Monument
546:Monument Avenue is home to the
334:. In July 2020, Richmond mayor
71:Richmond City Historic District
1536:. USA Today. September 8, 2021
1121:
1096:
1078:
1052:
1031:
1019:Shapiro, Gary (May 15, 2017).
1012:
814:
483:In August 2017, following the
232:
219:
1:
1569:Helsel, Phil (July 1, 2020).
968:"Virginia Landmarks Register"
929:
919:Lost Cause of the Confederacy
798:Confederate States of America
391:Lost Cause of the Confederacy
370:American Planning Association
144:Show map of the United States
1676:. RVA Mag. September 6, 2017
872:Disposition of the monuments
516:
356:Sons of Confederate Veterans
25:United States historic place
7:
2793:National Historic Landmarks
2027:How the Monuments Came Down
1168:. VA DHR. December 2, 1969.
1048:. VA DHR. December 2, 1969.
886:
794:Arthur Ashe Athletic Center
502:Virginia Military Institute
459:Beulah and John Kerr Branch
62:Virginia Landmarks Register
10:
2913:
1998:Monument Avenue Commission
1990:(HABS) No. VA-1322, "
1942:Richmond's Monument Avenue
836:gained momentum following
807:, just west of the city's
776:
753:
735:Stonewall Jackson Monument
732:
729:Stonewall Jackson Monument
710:
695:
676:
636:Stonewall Jackson Monument
376:
15:
2801:
2780:
2579:
2561:
2075:
1699:. Richmond Times-Dispatch
659:Frederick William Sievers
641:Frederick William Sievers
528:
523:
493:Charlottesville, Virginia
352:Confederate History Month
262:
254:
246:
241:
230:
218:NRHP reference
217:
209:
201:
164:
153:
97:
81:
77:
68:
59:
50:
41:
34:
30:
1953:. Richmond Discoveries.
1485:"Robert E. Lee Monument"
861:Reclaiming the Monument,
719:Jefferson Davis Memorial
707:Jefferson Davis Memorial
698:J. E. B. Stuart Monument
618:Jefferson Davis Memorial
600:J. E. B. Stuart Monument
213:Georgian, Gothic Revival
210:Architectural style
90:Jefferson Davis Memorial
1739:Richmond Times-Dispatch
1722:Richmond Times-Dispatch
1379:Richmond Times-Dispatch
1313:Richmond Times-Dispatch
1065:Richmond Times-Dispatch
854:that erupted after the
2806:Keeper of the Register
2718:Poquoson (no listings)
1213:Dupré, Judith (2007).
856:murder of George Floyd
766:Matthew Fontaine Maury
723:murder of George Floyd
692:J.E.B. Stuart Monument
685:Robert E. Lee Monument
673:Robert E. Lee Monument
582:Robert E. Lee Monument
469:
386:
325:murder of George Floyd
305:Robert E. Lee monument
297:Matthew Fontaine Maury
2826:Contributing property
1247:Boritt & Holzer,
954:National Park Service
485:Unite the Right rally
474:Arthur Ashe Boulevard
467:
453:neighborhoods in the
384:
316:, dedicated in 1996.
186:37.55833°N 77.46778°W
1280:"Minutes of Meeting"
1267:on February 4, 2013.
893:Lee–Jackson–King Day
779:Arthur Ashe Monument
773:Arthur Ashe Monument
548:Arthur Ashe Monument
312:, memorializing the
310:Arthur Ashe Monument
255:Designated NHLD
119:Show map of Virginia
18:Monument Ave. (film)
1797:on December 8, 2022
1514:. September 6, 2021
1464:. November 29, 2010
1186:on October 11, 2007
956:. January 23, 2007.
506:political patronage
344:Monument Avenue 10K
319:In the wake of the
263:Designated VLR
191:37.55833; -77.46778
182: /
88:Former Location of
2004:On Monument Avenue
1133:2007-02-03 at the
1025:The New York Times
1000:on October 6, 2012
825:Massive Resistance
823:" and Virginia's "
663:November 11, 1929
605:Frederick Moynihan
594:September 8, 2021
470:
387:
323:that followed the
303:in July 2020. The
281:American Civil War
277:Richmond, Virginia
159:Richmond, Virginia
2834:
2833:
2821:Historic district
1720:. Mark Robinson.
1458:"Monument Avenue"
1226:978-1-4000-6582-0
670:
669:
645:October 11, 1919
544:
543:
495:, Richmond Mayor
427:D. Wiley Anderson
411:William Bottomley
407:John Russell Pope
289:Stonewall Jackson
270:
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250:February 16, 1970
242:Significant dates
205:John Russell Pope
2904:
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1849:on July 1, 2020.
1845:. Archived from
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1793:. Archived from
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396:“City Beautiful”
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2781:Other lists
2599:Buena Vista
2500:Southampton
2395:Northampton
2370:Mecklenburg
2325:King George
2280:Greensville
1190:October 15,
850:During the
815:Controversy
785:Arthur Ashe
552:Arthur Ashe
189: /
165:Coordinates
2841:Categories
2772:Winchester
2762:Waynesboro
2722:Portsmouth
2714:Petersburg
2609:Chesapeake
2589:Alexandria
2535:Washington
2490:Shenandoah
2475:Rockingham
2470:Rockbridge
2380:Montgomery
2315:James City
2260:Gloucester
2205:Cumberland
2155:Buckingham
2110:Appomattox
1674:RVAMag.com
1573:. NBC News
930:References
821:Lost Cause
442:Gilded Age
177:77°28′04″W
174:37°33′30″N
2679:Lynchburg
2674:Lexington
2619:Covington
2375:Middlesex
2355:Lunenburg
2335:Lancaster
2265:Goochland
2250:Frederick
2215:Dinwiddie
2210:Dickenson
2180:Charlotte
2145:Brunswick
2140:Botetourt
2115:Arlington
2095:Alleghany
2090:Albemarle
2078:by county
1468:March 16,
1442:March 12,
974:March 19,
573:Unveiled
570:Sculptor
567:Monument
517:Monuments
231:VLR
202:Architect
2747:Staunton
2732:Richmond
2684:Manassas
2669:Hopewell
2644:Franklin
2624:Danville
2525:Tazewell
2510:Stafford
2460:Richmond
2430:Powhatan
2405:Nottoway
2390:New Kent
2305:Highland
2245:Franklin
2240:Fluvanna
2230:Fauquier
2200:Culpeper
2165:Caroline
2160:Campbell
2150:Buchanan
2085:Accomack
2069:Virginia
1801:March 1,
1771:March 1,
1609:acwm.org
1384:June 11,
1235:70046094
1131:Archived
1113:March 2,
1070:July 10,
1004:June 27,
887:See also
762:monument
576:Removed
537:(5:34),
455:West End
329:Governor
321:protests
237:127-0174
225:70000883
154:Location
2788:Bridges
2752:Suffolk
2737:Roanoke
2727:Radford
2704:Norfolk
2659:Hampton
2634:Fairfax
2629:Emporia
2594:Bristol
2582:by city
2480:Russell
2465:Roanoke
2450:Pulaski
2420:Patrick
2365:Mathews
2360:Madison
2345:Loudoun
2295:Henrico
2290:Hanover
2285:Halifax
2270:Grayson
2225:Fairfax
2170:Carroll
2130:Bedford
2120:Augusta
2105:Amherst
1791:TEDxRVA
1745:June 7,
1680:May 10,
1577:July 2,
1511:Reuters
1410:July 1,
1358:July 1,
377:History
354:), the
2709:Norton
2530:Warren
2520:Sussex
2410:Orange
2385:Nelson
2350:Louisa
2275:Greene
2190:Clarke
2100:Amelia
1957:
1703:May 9,
1642:May 9,
1619:May 9,
1462:C-SPAN
1233:
1223:
539:C-SPAN
508:, but
487:and a
444:. The
2742:Salem
2654:Galax
2580:Lists
2550:Wythe
2515:Surry
2495:Smyth
2485:Scott
2300:Henry
2255:Giles
2235:Floyd
2220:Essex
2195:Craig
2135:Bland
2076:Lists
1488:(PDF)
1283:(PDF)
1162:(PDF)
1042:(PDF)
2555:York
2545:Wise
2415:Page
2125:Bath
1955:ISBN
1887:2022
1803:2021
1773:2021
1747:2020
1705:2018
1682:2018
1644:2018
1621:2018
1579:2020
1542:2021
1520:2021
1470:2013
1444:2024
1432:WWBT
1412:2020
1386:2020
1360:2020
1320:2017
1231:OCLC
1221:ISBN
1192:2020
1115:2024
1072:2020
1006:2008
976:2013
760:The
739:The
717:The
683:The
429:and
368:The
295:and
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2067:in
1880:NPR
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