3563:
Judaeo-Christian and classical traditions, to which
Arthurian writers were also heir. Woman's evilness is linked with voracious female sexuality, felt to rob man of his dominance and reduce him to abject subjection. It is connected with an old awareness of the irrational and overwhelming nature of passionate desire, regarded as a supernatural force." According to Maureen Fries, "This character elaboration, incidentally coinciding with the growth of women-hatred in the latter Middle Ages, turns Morgan from a nurturing ruler of a sea-girt paradise into a destructive sorceress who entraps men sexually rather than healing them. (...) In spite of this murderous and adulterous career, Morgan retains her nurturing function as Arthur's conductress to Avalon after his wounding. But this 'good' Morgan is overshadowed by the ubiquitous 'bad' woman. She is the most extreme villain of Arthurian romanceâeven worse than the infamous Sir Breunz sans PitiĂ©. Her gradual change (...) from a connector of life with healing, as mistress of Avalon, into a connector of death with illicit sex indicates the inability of male Arthurian authors to cope with the image of a woman of power in positive terms."
788:
3573:
indicates her origins in the greater body of water, the sea)". Fries wrote about this "fluid figure, always at least double and usually multiple in her manifestations": "Obviously the Lady has been retailored to represent the (mostly) nurturing side of the split mother-image, as Morgan has become the (mostly) devouring side. A combination of these split images appears in the figure of Nimue (also called
Niniane and Viviane), who first serves as a devourer and then as a restorer of Arthurian males. Like her sister-avatar, she is called the Lady of the Lake. In a borrowing from Morgan's career, she has the besotted Merlin teach her his magic, but without yielding to him sexually. (...) But Nimue then becomes the devoted and influential friend of Arthurian society: she saves the King and his knights from Morgan's death-dealing (...) and emerges as one of the three (or more, depending on the work) queens who bear the King away to Avalon. This last function allies her, of course, with her originalâMorgan le Fay."
2363:(the Vale of No Return), serving as an enchanted prison for false lovers since she took an unnamed knight as her lover but then discovered his affair with another woman. There, Lancelot frees the 250 unfaithful knights entrapped by Morgan, including her former lover Guiomar whom she has turned to stone for his infidelity, but Morgan then captures Lancelot himself under her spell, using a magic ring and keeps him prisoner in the hope Guinevere would then go mad or die of sorrow. She also otherwise torments Guinevere, causing her great distress and making her miserable until the Lady of the Lake gives her a ring that protects her from Morgan's power. Since then, Lancelot becomes Morgan's prime object of sexual desire but he consistently refuses her obsessive advances due to his great love of Guinevere, even as Morgan repeatedly courts, drugs, enchants or imprisons the knight. Their one-sided relationship (as well as interactions between her and Arthur) may evoke that of the goddess
1459:
1585:
ease, in the dew. (...) And when it took her fancy she could change a man into a bird or an animal. (...) Mighty was she in magic and her life was greatly in defiance of God, for at her command were the birds in the wild, in the woods and fields, and what seems to me greatest, those evil spirits, that are called devils â they were all at her command. She was well capable of marvels for dragons had to bring from the air support in her affairs, as well as the fish in the sea. Moreover, she had kin deep in Hell: the Devil was her companion. He sent her aid, even from the fire, as much as she wanted. And whatever she would have from this earth, she took, without peril, in ample measure, all for herself. The earth bore no root, the power of which was not as familiar to her as the back of my hand is to me. (...) This earth never acquired a better mistress of magic arts than
FeimurgĂąn.
2197:), who pardons her when she protests she has been under the devil's power and promises to abandon her wicked ways. After Arthur nevertheless mortally defeats Accolon in a duel arranged by Morgan, her former mentor Merlin, still having feelings for her, saves her from Arthur's wrath by enabling her to escape. To avenge Accolon's death, which caused her great sorrow, Morgan again steals the scabbard from the sleeping king. Pursued by Arthur for her betrayal, Morgan throws the scabbard into a lake, before temporarily turning herself and her entourage to stone, the sight of which makes Arthur think they have been already punished by God. That action of Morgan ultimately causes the death of Arthur, who would otherwise be protected by the scabbard's magic in his final battle. On her way out, Morgan saves Arthur's knight named Manassen (
1852:
555:
2477:
2654:
but
Tristan ends up killing or routing thirty of her knights. Malory mentions Arthur's attempts to conquer at least one of her castles, which originally had been his own gift to her, and which he could not retake (apparently due to magical defences). Nevertheless, despite all of their prior hostility towards each other and her numerous designs directed against Arthur personally (and his own promise to get a terrible revenge on her as long as he lives), she is still redeemed and is one of the four grieving enchantress queens (the others being Nimue, marking the end of conflict between her and Morgan, and two of Morgan's allies, the Queen of the Northgales and the Queen of the
2899:
1743:
2150:
2193:, which has been previously confided to Morgan by Arthur himself as he had trusted her even more than his wife, replacing the real ones with fakes. In a conspiracy with the villainous lord Damas, Morgan plans for Accolon to use Arthur's own magic items against him in single combat, so she and her beloved Accolon would become the rulers. As part of her convoluted plan, both Arthur and Accolon are spirited away from their hunt with Urien by a magical boat of twelve damsels. Confident of her coming victory, Morgan also attempts to murder her sleeping husband Urien with his own sword, but in this act she is stopped by their son Yvain (
2328:
3356:
961:
2117:
2280:
3166:) in her giant serpent form before becoming his lover; she and her fairy army then save Gawain from the jealous Guinevere, who wants Gawain dead after having been spurned by him. She then herself is imprisoned in a magical torment in her mother's glass-and-diamond magical castle Pela-Orso, because of how Morgana wanted to force her to marry Tristan. Eventually, Gawain storms the castle after three years of siege and frees her from a cursed dungeon, also capturing her tyrannical mother for the same punishment. The 15th-century Italian compilation of Arthur and Tristan legends,
1822:
and deeds as being much more sinister and aggressive than they are in
Geoffrey or Chrétien, showing her undergoing a series of transformations in the process of becoming a much more chaotic and unpredictable character. Beginning as an erratic ally of Arthur and a notorious temptress opposed to his wife and some of his knights (especially Lancelot, doubling as her unrequited love interest) in the original stories of the Vulgate Cycle, Morgan's figure eventually often turns into an ambitious and depraved nemesis of King Arthur himself in the Post-Vulgate stories.
3237:
1772:
1185:
62:
2671:
3583:
rarely successful in any of her plots. Nevertheless, she remains a medieval symbol of the potential danger of uncontrolled female power." According to
Corinne Saunders, Malory's "Morgan is also characterized as following the pattern of the otherworldly ruler who wishes both to destroy and to possess bodies. She shapes herself as the faery mistress and her magic is partly directed towards the destruction of female rivals." Some modern researchers attribute Malory's "personal misogyny" to his portrayal of Morgan as well as women in general.
1027:
2012:
1284:
871:("Land of Youth"). As summarised by Will Hasty, "while this is difficult to establish with certainty the relationship between female figures such as these in the Arthurian tradition and the otherworldly goddesses, sprites, and nymphs of Irish and Welsh myths (a relationship is assumed especially in the case of Morgan le Fay), both groups demonstrate similar ambivalent characteristics: they are by turns dangerous and desirable, implicated alternately in fighting, death, sexuality, and fertility."
3385:, fata Morgana (initially as lady Fortune) is beautiful but wicked fairy enchantress, a sister of King Arthur and a pupil of Merlin. Morgana lives in her paradise-like garden in a crystal cavern under a lake, plotting to eventually destroy the entire world. There, she abducts her favourites until she is thwarted by Orlando who defeats, chases and captures Morgana, destroying her underwater prison and letting her keep only one of her forced lovers, a knight named Ziliante. In
3053:: following his initial epics, when he is 100 years old, the fairy queen Morgan restores him to his youthful form but removes his memory, then takes him to her mystical island palace in Avalon (where Arthur and Gawain are also still alive) to be her lover for 200 years. She later protects him during his adventures in the mortal world as he defends France from Muslim invasion, before his eventual return to Avalon. In some accounts, Ogier begets her two sons, including Marlyn (
2562:
2920:
2255:. Their friendship is further tested when a quarrel over a handsome widower named Berengier (captured by Sebile after Morgan kidnapped his child) ends in a violent attack by Sebile that leaves Morgan half-dead; Morgan swears revenge, but their relationship is later restored. After Merlin's entombment by the Lady of the Lake, Morgan and her three enchantresses also try to find and rescue him but they fail in that task. Morgan's other allies in the
2100:, Morgan had been tutored by Merlin even before her relationship with Guiomar, and later she returns to learn more. They meet at Lot's funeral, during the time when Morgan is pregnant with Yvain. After Merlin teaches her so much she becomes "the wisest woman in the world", Morgan scorns and drives Merlin away by threatening to torture and kill him if he would not leave her alone, which causes him great sorrow out of his "foolish love" (
8506:
1179:); and at will she glides down from the sky onto your shores. (...) Morgen received us with due honor. She put the king in her chamber on a golden bed, uncovered his wound with her noble hand and looked long at it. At length she said he could be cured if only he stayed with her a long while and accepted her treatment. We therefore happily committed the king to her care, and spred our sails to favourable winds on return journey.
8518:
2505:, Morgan is the only one who is recognised among the black-hooded ladies who take the dying Arthur to his final rest and possible revival in Avalon. Depending on the manuscript, she is either the leading lady (usually, being recognised by Griflet as the one holding Arthur's hand as he enters the boat), a subordinate to another who is unnamed, or neither of them are superior. The latter part of the Post-Vulgate versions of
998:
3431:(1590), Argante (Layamon's name for Morgan) is lustful giantess queen of the "secret Ile", evoking the Post-Vulgate story of Morgan's kidnapping of Sir Alexander. It also features three other counterpart characters: Acrasia, Duessa, and Malecasta, all representing different themes from Malory's description of Morgan. Morgan might have also inspired the characters of the healer Loosepaine and the fay Oriande in the
2879:
whether she took a dislike to the court, or the court to her, she thought proper to retire to the forest we speak of; where, at her command, her invisible agents erected an enchanted palace. She was followed in her delicious retreats by young and beautiful
Varlets, Esquires, and as many Knights as preferred the inglorious, but delightful pleasures that awaited them with Morgana, to the honourable toils of
8530:
2371:. One time, she lets the captive Lancelot go to rescue Gawain when he promises to come back (but also keeping him the company of the most beautiful of her maidens to do "whatever she could to entice him"), and he keeps his word and does return; she eventually releases him altogether after over a year, when his health falters and he is near death. On another occasion, Lancelot captured in Cart Castle (
2532:
2304:
2247:) and the unnamed Queen of Sorestan. Together, the three "knew so much about magic, they enjoyed one another's company and always rode together and ate and drank together." Sebile and Morgan are particularly close companions, working their magic together, but they tend to fall into petty squabbles due to their rivalries and bad tempers, including a conflict between them when they both seduce
2598:), though he reduces her in role and detail of characterisation, in particular either removing or limiting her traditions of healing and prophecy, and making her more consistently and inherently evil than she is in most of his sources, just as he makes Merlin more good. He also diminishes Morgan's conflict with Guinevere, since there is no mention of Guiomar and instead Accolon ("of
2456:, Lancelot has a vision of Hell where Morgan still will be able to control demons even in afterlife as they torture Guinevere. In one of her castles, Tugan in Garlot, Morgan has hidden a magic book given to her by Merlin, which actually prophesied the deaths of Arthur and Gawain and who would kill them, but no one can read this passage without dying instantly. In the Vulgate
2602:") is her first named lover in a much abbreviated version of his story, but does not clarify Morgan's motivations for her very antagonistic behaviour against Arthur. Overall, up until the war between Arthur and Lancelot and the rebellion of Mordred, it is the evil and chaotic Morgan who remains the main and constant source of direct and indirect threat to the realm.
2435:, after Morgan hosts her nephews Gawain, Mordred and Gaheriet to heal them, Mordred spots the images of Lancelot's passionate love for Guinevere that Lancelot painted on her castle's walls while he was imprisoned there. Morgan shows it to Gawain and his brothers, encouraging them to take action in the name of loyalty to their king, but they decide not to do this.
3176:), too makes Morgan a sister to the Lady of the Lake as well as to Arthur (about the fate of whom it says Morgan "brought him away to a little island in the sea; and there he died of his wounds, and the fairy buried him on that island"). It is based on the French prose romances, but here Morgan is a prophetic figure whose main role is to ensure the fulfilment of
2633:. Morgan is widely feared and hated, so much that "many knights wished her burnt." She is now the leader of the four (not three) witch queens who capture Lancelot (the others being the Queen of the Northgales, the Queen of Eastland, and the Queen of the Outer Isles). In an episode that had been first introduced by the anonymous writer of the earlier Prose
2351:. It applies in particular to the greatest of them all, Lancelot, whom she alternately tries to seduce and to expose as Guinevere's adulterous lover. Her magic aside, Lancelot is always disempowered in his dealings with Morgan as he could never hurt a woman, which, coupled with her being his king's kin, made the Vulgate's Morgan a perfect
2947:, where she is a sister of both Gwyar (Morgause) and Gwalchmei (Gawain), as well as of the other sisters Gracia and Graeria, and is sent off by Uther to Avallach (Avalon). The island of Avalon is often described as an otherworldly place ruled by Morgan in other later texts from all over Western Europe, especially these written in
538:. In some variants, including in the popular retelling by Malory, Morgan is the greatest enemy of Arthur, scheming to usurp his throne and indirectly becoming an instrument of his death. However, she eventually reconciles with Arthur, retaining her original role of taking him on his final journey to Avalon.
2856:) holds the eponymous Wandering Knight captive inside a magnificent castle in her forest realm PaĂŻenie ('Pagania'), until messengers from her brother Arthur arrive with a request to lift her enchantment and let him go, to which she agrees. Loosely drawing from the Vulgate Cycle, the Old French anonymous
2828:. She arrives accompanied by two of her fay sisters named Arsile and Maglore to dispense enchantment gifts to and curses upon several characters including the author himself, and in the course of the story reverts her love interest in the local mortal (and unfaithful) knight Robert to her previous lover
2662:
is based, and where Morgan and Arthur usually would either have first made peace or have just never fought to begin with, here her change of attitude towards him is sudden and unexplained (similar to the Post-Vulgate). Arthur is last seen in Morgan's lap, with her lament of sorrow referring to him as
541:
Many other medieval and
Renaissance works feature continuations of her evolutionary tale from the aftermath of Camlann as she becomes the immortal queen of Avalon in both Arthurian and non-Arthurian stories, sometimes alongside Arthur. After a period of being largely absent from contemporary culture,
2653:
in a slightly modified form, resulting in Morgan's damsel instantly burnt to cinders by its curse when she is forced to take it on. In one of later episodes, Morgan plots an elaborate ambush in "The Book of Sir
Tristram de Lyons", after learning of the death of one of her favourites in a tournament,
2426:
to Arthur's court a magical drinking horn from which no unfaithful lady can drink without spilling, hoping to disgrace
Guinevere by revealing her infidelity, but it is Isolde whose adultery is disclosed instead. With same intent, when Tristan was to be Morgan's champion at a jousting tournament, she
2061:). The high queen intervenes to break their relationship to prevent the loss of honor (according to some scholarship, possibly also because of Guinevere's perception of Morgan, with her kinship and close relationship with Arthur, as a rival in political power). This incident, introduced in the Prose
1821:
religious order, which might explain the texts' demonisation of pagan motifs and increasingly anti-sexual attitudes, altrough some of these attitudes may be arguably shared with the pre-Christian source material.) Integrating her figure fully into the Arthurian world, they also portray Morgan's ways
1590:
In writing that, Hartmann might have not been influenced by Chrétien, but rather by an earlier oral tradition from the stories of Breton bards. Hartmann also separated Arthur's sister (that is Feimurgùn) from the fairy mistress of the lord of Avalon (Chrétien's Guigomar), who in his version is named
1261:
and gifts him a wonderful horse, but then pursues him with hate after he rejects her. The abrupt way in which she is used suggests BenoĂźt did expect his aristocratic audience to have been already familiar with her character. Another such ancient-times appearance of a Morgan character can be found in
1150:
She who is first among them is more skilled in the healing art, and also surpasses her sisters in beauty. Morgen is her name, and she has learned what useful properties all the herbs contain, so that she can cure the body ills. She knows, too, the art by which to change her shape, and to fly through
2726:
makes Morgan an unquestionably good sister of Arthur, concerned only about his honour in regard to the affair of Lancelot and Guinevere. Entering her boat (she is not named in the scene, but addresses him as her brother), Arthur believes he is going to be healed, yet his tomb is later discovered by
2217:
cloak, but Morgan's messenger maiden is made put on the gift first by Ninianne'a advice to Arthur, for "if she dies of it, Morgan will be angrier than at anything else that could happen to her, for she loves her with a very great love." The girl indeed falls dead, and Arthur has her body burned. It
2000:
She was comely in body and features, she stood straight and was wonderfully pleasant and a good singer. She was the best worker with her hands that anyone knew about in any land, and she was the cleverest of all. And she had the fairest head of any suited for a woman, and the most beautiful hands,
1584:
When she began to demonstrate her magic powers, she had very soon circumnavigated the world and come back again. (...) Both in the air and on the earth she could hover at her ease, on the waves and beneath them. She was totally indifferent as to whether she lived in the fire or, just as much at her
3313:
name for Etna), where, in the role of a fairy godmother, Morgane and two other fays spirit away and raises Floriant, a son of a murdered Sicilian king and the hero of the story. Floriant, with the help of her magic ship, eventually reunites with Morgane at her castle when he returns there with his
2472:
wander into Morgan's incredibly beautiful castle while lost in a forest, where Arthur is received extremely well and instantly reconciles with his sister. Overjoyed with their reunion, the king allows Morgan to return to Camelot, but she refuses and declares her plan to move to the Isle of Avalon,
2410:
in Malory's version) who is mortally wounded when he attacks the great Cornish knight out of his jealously for her attention; the knight soon dies after returning to her, and the anguished Morgan buries him in a grand tomb. In one variation, Morgan then takes revenge as she takes possession of the
1941:
with the half-demon Merlin's magic aid. In the poem's prose version and its continuations, she has at least two elder sisters. Various manuscripts list up to five sisters or half-sisters of Arthur, sometimes from different fathers, and some do not mention Morgan being a bastard (step)child. In the
3592:
For example, Angela Carson proposed, citing a dual nature of Morgan seen in the poem's sources, that not only the two women are one and the same but also that Bertilak's true identity is Morgan's sometime-husband Urien. According to Corinne Saunders, "Morgan is typically depicted as beautiful and
3582:
Elizabeth Sklar described Malory's version of Morgan's character as "an essentially sociopathic personality, respecting no boundaries and acknowledging no rules save those dictated by her own ambitions, envy, and lust." As noted by Mary Lynn Saul: "Curiously, in spite of all her powers, Morgan is
3572:
For example, Maureen Fries, describing Morgan as the most influential Arthurian female counter-hero, wrote about how "more beneficent splittings-off from her original role emerge in the several Ladies of the Lake who later develop from her archetype: literally watered-down from Morgan (whose name
2766:
and simply an artistic device to further connect Gawain's episode to the Arthurian legend, but some regard her as a central character and the driving force of the plot. Opinions are also divided regarding Morgan's intentions and whether she succeeds or fails, and how the story's shapeshifting and
2803:
and dialects, especially still in France but also in Italy, Spain and elsewhere. In the case of Spain, even public edicts dating from the end of the 14th and the beginning of the 15th century tell of the belief in Morgan continuing to enchant and imprison people at Tintagel and in "the Valley of
2513:
both seem to revert to Morgan's friendly attitude toward Arthur from the end of the Vulgate Cycle, despite the Post-Vulgate' own characterisation of Morgan as thoroughly evil and the earlier fierce hostility between them. As Arthur steps into her boat after Camlann but assures he is not going to
2878:
Morgana made several conquests, and of course, many enemies amongst the damsels who found themselves forsaken by their disloyal Knights. The fairy gave proofs of her partial preference to the great Lancelot of the Lake, which Genievre, Arthur's beauteous consort, bore very impatiently. At last,
1905:
is the first known work linking Morgan to Igraine and mentioning her learning sorcery after having been sent away for an education. The reader is informed that Morgan was given her moniker 'la fée' ("the fairy") due to her great knowledge. A 14th-century massive prequel to the Arthurian legend,
2496:
However, disaster strikes Arthur when the sight of Lancelot's frescoes and Morgan's confession finally convinces him about the truth to the rumours of the two's secret love affair (about which he has been already warned by his nephew Agravain). This leads to a great conflict between Arthur and
1825:
A common image of Morgan becomes a malicious, jealous and cruel sorceress, the source of many intrigues at the royal court of Arthur and elsewhere. In some of the later works, she is also subversively working to take over Arthur's throne through her mostly harmful magic and scheming, including
1683:
is the only known instance of medieval Arthurian literature presented as being composed by Morgan herself. This late 12th-century text is purportedly addressed to her court official and tells of the story of a knight called Piers the Fierce; it is likely that the author's motive was to draw a
2807:
Later standalone romances often feature Morgan as a lover and benefactor of various heroes, and yet she can also be their opponent, especially when abducting those who turned down her amorous offers or working to separate true lovers. Such texts may also introduce her additional offspring or
3562:
wrote: "Christian writers may have found it hard to cope with such an ambivalent figure (...) However this may be, in most of the stories about her Morgan personifies the old and deep-rooted male fear of the evilness of woman, which is not confined to the Celtic background but exists in the
2715:, written around 1270, casts a villainous Morgan in the role of the Lady of the Lake and gives her a brother named Morganor as an illegitimate son of King Urien; her wondrous castle Palaus is built mostly of crystal and glass. Conversely, a 14th-century Middle English version of the Vulgate
2443:
It is said that Morgan concentrates on witchcraft to such degree that she goes to live in seclusion in the exile of far-away forests. She learns more spells than any other woman, gains an ability to transform herself into any animal, and people begin to call her Morgan the Goddess
1838:
serving as a "benevolent anti-Morgan", especially in the Post-Vulgate tradition: a largely (but not entirely) opposite character created using Morgan's copied traits. Although Morgan is usually depicted in medieval romances as beautiful and seductive, the medieval archetype of the
2212:
are repeatedly frustrated by the king's new sorceress advisor Ninianne (the Lady of the Lake). An iconic case of Morgan's such further and very underhanded plots to kill Arthur in the Post-Vulgate occurs when Morgan sends him a supposed offering of peace in the form of a rich
1500:
in the Welsh myth, and Morgan would be assigned this role in the later literature, this first continental association between Yvain (the romances' version of Owain) and Morgan does not imply they are son and mother. The earliest mention of Morgan as Yvain's mother is found in
1454:
with a healing balm made by his sister Morgan. This episode affirms her early role as a healer, in addition to being one of the first instances of Morgan presented as Arthur's sister. Healing remains Morgan's chief ability, but Chrétien also hints at her potential to harm.
424:, or a sorceress, generally benevolent and connected to Arthur as his magical saviour and protector. Her prominence increased as the legend of Arthur developed over time, as did her moral ambivalence, and in some texts there is an evolutionary transformation of her to an
2001:
and her skin was softer than millet. But she was the most lustful woman in all Great Britain and the lewdest. And as long as she was in her right mind, she was more courteous than any, but when she was angry with anyone, there was no need in trying to reconcile them.
9603:
2181:) toward Guinevere, in the Post-Vulgate Cycle, where Morgan's explicitly evil nature is directly stated and accented, she also works to destroy Arthur's rule and end his life. The most famous and important of these machinations is introduced in the Post-Vulgate
1224:(her earliest shared supernatural ability being able to traverse on or under water). Such stories being told by wandering storytellers (as credited by Gerald of Wales) would then influence multiple authors writing independently from each other, especially since
480:
and others, Morgan's chief role is that of a great healer. Several of numerous and often unnamed fairy-mistress and maiden-temptress characters found through the Arthurian romance genre may also be considered as appearances of Morgan in her different aspects.
2052:
for the high queen, Arthur's newly married young wife Guinevere. At first, Morgan and the also young Guinevere are close friends, even wearing shared near-identical rings. However, everything changes when Morgan is caught in an affair with her lover
2883:. The fairy was also constantly attended by spirits, and other familiars, who gave her an exact account of what passed within a certain distance from her palace, and assisted her in inveigling every traveller whom she best thought worth her notice.
2108:, Morgan learns all her magic only from Merlin (and not in the nunnery). In any case, having finished her studies under Merlin, Morgan begins scheming her vengeance as she tries to undermine virtue and achieve Guinevere's downfall whenever she can.
2238:
Morgan is often emphasised as promiscuous, even more than her sister Morgause, as she is "so lustful and wanton that a looser woman could not have been found." In some versions, she also associates with two other lascivious enchantresses, Queen
851:", a Welsh ancestor figure also known as Avallach or Avalloc, whose name can also be interpreted as a noun meaning 'a place of apples'; in the tale of Owain and Morfydd's conception in Peniarth 147, Modron is called the "daughter of the King of
1220:, it is possible that Geoffrey has not been the original inventor of Morgan, as character may have had already existed in Breton folklore in the hypothetical unrecorded oral stories that featured her as Arthur's fairy saviour, or even also his
835:(daughter) â and a later folktale have recorded more fully in the manuscript Peniarth 147. A fictionalised version of the historical king Urien is usually Morgan le Fay's husband in the variations of Arthurian legend informed by continental
2294:"She was clad in all the glory at her command, and her appearance was so shining and radiant that when she came into that room Sir Launcelot knew not whether it was a vision his eyes beheld or whether she was a creature of flesh and blood."
1215:
to have the power to cure disease and perform various other awesome magic, such as controlling the sea through incantations, foretelling the future, and changing themselves into any animal. In addition, according to a theory postulated by
2576:"And Sir Bedivere stood upon the shore and looked upon the face of King Arthur as it lay within the lap of Queen Morgana, and he beheld that the face of King Arthur was white like to the ashes of wood, wherefore he wist that he was dead."
3395:(1532), Morgana is revealed as a twin sister of two other sorceresses, the good Logistilla and the evil Alcina; Orlando again defeats Morgana, rescuing Ziliante who has been turned into a dragon, and forces Morgana to swear by her lord
2394:), where he has been held, for a year and a day, and then dutifully continues to guard it even after the castle gets burned down; this eventually leads to his death. Morgan's other fancied good knights include Alexander's relative
2096:, it is rather Merlin who goes to live with Morgan and her two ladies for a long time following the betrayal of him by Niniane (the Lady of the Lake) with her other lover, just as Morgan wished for him to do. In the Post-Vulgate
2872:
in a later manuscript) with twelve other beautiful fairy ladies including the sorceress Madoine. There, they lure and ensnare many hundreds of young and attractive knights, who then spend the rest of their lives in the palace:
4458:
2057:(derived from Chrétien's Guigomar) by Guinevere. Usually, Guiomar is depicted as Guinevere's cousin (alternatively, appearing there as Gaimar, he is Guinevere's early lover instead of her relative in the German version
3162:) features the titular beautiful young fairy daughter of Morgana (Italian version of Morgan's name, here too also a sister of the Lady of the Lake) with Hemison. In her own tale, Morgana's daughter defeats Gawain (
2230:. The reasons for Morgan's hatred of her brother in the Post-Vulgate narrative are never fully explained, other than by just a "natural" extreme antipathy against goodness by the evil that she is an embodiment of.
3220:
story of the eponymous Corsican knight armed by Morgan with enchanted weapons to avenge his brother killed by Lancelot, and a yet another telling of the familiar story of Morgana's good fairy daughter titled the
2140:"There was a time when great was her enmity towards King Arthur, so that she plotted his ruin not once only nor twice; and that is a strange thing, for it is said that she herself was the kinswoman of the King."
5391:
When Family and Politics Mix: Female Agency, Mixed Spaces, and Coercive Kinship in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Awntyrs off Arthure at Terne Wathelyne, and "The Deth of Arthur" from Le Morte Darthur
3147:), "a live devil who did nothing but evil." When Renoart jilts her and escapes to rescue his other son Maileffer, Morgan sends her demonic monster servant Kapalu (character derived from the Welsh legends'
874:
While many works make Morgan specifically human, she almost always keeps her magical powers and often also her otherworldly if not divine attributes and qualities. Some medieval authors refer to her as a
1970:
by King Lot, and the traitor Mordred by Arthur (in some romances the wife of King Lot is called Morcades, a name that R. S. Loomis argued was another name of Morgan). At a young age, Morgan is sent to a
784:â who, similar to Morgan, are often alternately benevolent and malicious. A chiefly Greek (instead of Celtic) construction Morgan in medieval romances is a relatively new theory by Carolyne Larrington.
2760:
in a role evoking the loathly lady tradition), as a test for Arthur and his knights and to frighten Guinevere to death. Morgan's importance to this particular narrative has been disputed and called a
1354:
character might be also related to Geoffrey's Morgen, as well as to the early Breton oral tradition of Morgan's figure, especially as her son there is named Mabuz, similar to the name of Modron's son
3091:, Morgue la FĂ©e lives in her palace in Avalon together with Arthur and Oberon, who both seem to be her brothers. Variants of Ogier's and Huon's stories typically involve Morgan, Arthur, and Oberon (
3407:(1560) further introduces Morgana's three daughters: Carvilia, Morganetta, and Nivetta, themselves temptresses of knights. Morgan's other 16th-century appearances include these of Morgue la fée in
484:
Romance authors of the late 12th century established Morgan as Arthur's supernatural elder sister. In the 13th-century prose cycles â and the later works based on them, including the influential
2081:
with all her wealth to seek out Merlin and greater powers. The pregnant Morgan later gives birth to Guiomar's son, who is not named in the story but is said to grow up to become a great knight.
2375:) by Morgan and her fellow magical queens, each of whom tries to make Lancelot her lover; he refuses to choose either of them and escapes with the help of one of their maidservants, Rocedon.
3593:
seductive, but here Bertilak's wife functions as the youthful, desirable counterpart of the loathly old hag: the poem separates out the two faces of the enchantress, beautiful and monstrous."
2868:) as a fairy sister of Arthur as well as a former pupil of the Lady of Lake, Viviane. Ever lascivious and sexual, Morgan lives in a splendid enchanted castle in the wilderness (identified as
2204:
In the same narrative, having been banished from Camelot, Morgan then retires to her lands in the magical kingdom of Gorre and then to her castle near the stronghold of Tauroc (possibly in
546:. Notably, her modern character is frequently being conflated with her sister's as mother of Arthur's son and nemesis Mordred, the status that Morgan herself never had in medieval legend.
9937:
1450:(which some later authors would say she has created as a place of punishment for unfaithful knights). She is later mentioned in the same poem when Arthur provides the wounded hero
2514:
return, she makes no mention of Avalon or her intentions when taking him away. His supposed grave is later said to be found mysteriously empty but for his helmet. (Spanish poem
1316:
that is also occurring in an Italian version of the Avalon motif in some later works). Here, she is the ruler of an underground kingdom who takes the protagonist knight Jaufre (
1615:
inverted Hartmann's FĂąmurgĂąn's name to create that of Arthur's fairy ancestor named Terdelaschoye de FeimurgĂąn, the wife of MazadĂąn, where the part "Terdelaschoye" comes from
6705:
1826:
manipulating men. Most of the time, Morgan's magic arts correspond with these of Merlin's and the Lady of the Lake's, featuring shapeshifting, illusion, and sleeping spells (
787:
2084:
Morgan then either undertakes or continues her studies of dark magic under Merlin, enamored for her, the details of which vary widely depending on the telling. In the Prose
6146:
4065:
9993:
3737:
3399:
to abandon her plots. The story also features the medieval motif where uses a magic horn to convince Arthur of the infidelity of his queen (Geneura), here successfully.
2840:
who has been trying to woo her back. Hellequin's character in this case may be connected in some way to Arthur, who like him sometimes also figures as the leader of the
1714:. Notably, it is one of the first known texts that made her a sister to Arthur, as she is in the works of ChrĂ©tien and many others after him. As described by Ătienne,
6735:
8567:
1442:
who shares many characteristics with Chrétien's Morgan. It was noted that even Chrétien' earliest mention of Morgan already shows an enmity between her and Queen
5566:
3348:), a German retelling of the enchanted horn episode, moved Morgan's Mediterranean Sea island domain to the east of Sicily, referring to her only as the Queen of
2931:"And, in tones more musical than mortals often hear, she sang a sweet lullaby, a song of fairyland and of the island of Avalon, where the souls of heroes dwell."
1885:, which later served as the original source for the Vulgate Cycle and consequently also the Post-Vulgate Cycle. It was written c. 1200 by the French knight-poet
2390:, whom she promises to heal but he vows to castrate himself rather than to pleasure her. Nevertheless, Alexander promises to defend her castle of Fair Guard (
5405:
2629:
magic, employed usually through enchantments and potions. Her powers, however, seem to be inspired by fairy magic of Celtic folklore rather than by medieval
2569:
5665:
438:. A significant aspect in many of Morgan's medieval and later iterations is the unpredictable duality of her nature, with potential for both good and evil.
4499:"Britannia After the Romans: Being an Attempt to Illustrate the Religious and Political Revolutions of that Province in the Fifth and Succeeding Centuries"
3204:) but turns him evil, and gives him an armour made in Hell as well as a magical ship in her revenge plot against Gawain as well as Arthur himself, and the
5330:
1975:
after Arthur's father Uther marries her mother, who later gives him a son, Arthur (which makes him Morgan's younger half-brother). There, Morgan masters
657:'; Malory would also use the form "le Fey" alternatively with "le Fay") and some traits indicate, the figure of Morgan appears to have been a remnant of
764:) was one of Geoffrey's prime sources for at least his own, unique version. Also suggested have been possible influence by other magical women from the
1532:, may be derived from Morgan le Fay, though this has been a matter of debate among Arthurian scholars since the 19th century (the epithet Tud may be a
412:, in which most often she and he are siblings. Early appearances of Morgan in Arthurian literature do not elaborate her character beyond her role as a
288:
1276:. Here, she has a daughter named Morganette and an adoptive son named Passelion, who in turn have a son named Morgan, described as an ancestor of the
863:, the marvelous "Isle of Apples" with which Morgan has been associated since her earliest appearances, and the Irish legend of the otherworldly woman
2700:
to warn Arthur prior to his fatal final battle, foretelling his death. She also appears in some other English texts, such as the early-13th-century
5884:
1458:
1125:
and flying, and (at least seemingly) use their powers only for good. Morgen is also said to be a learned mathematician and to have taught it and
1922:, Morgain and Morgue la fee are introduced as two different half-sisters of Arthur who then become merged into one character later in the text.
1105:
was forged. (Geoffrey's Arthur does have a sister, whose name is Anna, but the possibility of her being a predecessor to Morgan is unknown.) In
6762:
9547:
9460:
8560:
3797:
2287:
1692:
is titled in it as "empress of the wilderness, queen of the damsels, lady of the isles, and governor of the waves of the great sea." Morgan (
6630:
929:) had removed Arthur's body to the Isle of Avalon, so that she might cure his wounds there," for the purpose of enabling the possibility of
2641:
from being trapped in an enchanted boiling bath by Morgan and the Queen of the Northgales, both envious of Elaine's great beauty (echoing
10078:
8307:
7678:
6483:
3042:, the protagonist Joana ends up marrying the fairy queen Morgana's son named Beuteusell after passing his mother's test with his help.
677:(Ahes). Speculatively, beginning with Lucy Allen Paton in 1904, Morgan has been connected with the shapeshifting and multifaced Irish
3832:
3143:) to Avalon, where Arthur is the king. Renoart falls in love with Morgan and impregnates her with his illegitimate son named Corbon (
2588:
follows Morgan's portrayals from the Old French prose cycles in his late-15th-century seminal work of the selective compilation book
1843:
is used frequently, as Morgan can be in a contradictory fashion described as both beautiful and ugly even within the same narration.
1605:, and the two have a son Brangemuer who became the king of an otherworldly isle "where no mortal lived". In the 13th-century romance
1308:
Arthurian romance dated c. 1180, Morgan seems to appear, without being named other than introducing herself as the "Fairy of Gibel" (
3001:, Morgan brings Arthur back to his senses by removing Excalibur from his hands, after which they celebrate and leave to Avalon. The
1851:
9978:
8553:
8427:
6713:
2658:) who arrive in a black boat to transport the wounded king to Avalon in the end. Unlike in the French and earlier stories on which
2024:
9665:
9635:
6150:
4062:
1634:
further identified other perceived avatars of Morgan as the "Besieged Lady" archetype in various early works associated with the
1407:(Guingomar, Guinguemar), the Lord of the Isle of Avalon and a nephew of King Arthur, a character derivative of Guigemar from the
4396:
9866:
2808:
alternate siblings, or connect her closer with the figure of the Lady of the Lake. For instance, the fairy queen Lady Morgan (
9835:
9772:
7633:
7614:
7595:
7576:
7557:
7538:
7519:
7398:
7371:
7317:
7228:
7139:
7113:
7086:
7033:
6996:
6896:
6851:
6825:
6676:
6613:
6546:
6519:
6449:
6367:
6341:
6228:
6060:
6033:
5921:
5805:
5763:
5632:
5510:
5369:
5252:
5181:
5063:
5008:
4981:
4954:
4927:
4883:
4843:
4676:
4622:
4596:
4523:
4221:
4137:
7414:
3095:) all living in a fairyland where time passes much slower than in human world. Such works include the 14th century's French
8763:
8669:
7344:
4568:
Thebenroman - Eneasroman - Trojaroman: Studien zur Rezeption der Antike in der französischen Literatur des 12. Jahrhunderts
4194:
3710:"Echoes of Legend: Magic as the Bridge Between a Pagan Past and a Christian Future in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte Darthur"
1685:
2473:"where the women live who know all the world's magic," so she can dwell there with these (unspecified) other sorceresses.
2048:, who later was recast as the husband of her sister Elaine). Now a queen but unhappy with her husband, Morgan serves as a
5967:
3038:
1719:
Arthur, gravely wounded, sought the help of his sister, who held the holy Isle of Avalon. Morgan, the everlasting nymph (
530:. In this tradition, she is also sexually active and even predatory, taking numerous lovers that may include Merlin and
9932:
9742:
9507:
8881:
8634:
5389:
4481:
1446:, and although Morgan is represented only in a benign role by Chrétien, she resides in a mysterious place known as the
968:
947:(Morganda the Fairy). Morgan retains her early role as Arthur's legendary healer throughout later Arthurian tradition.
5556:
5100:
The Female Figure as the Antagonist in the Arthurian World: The Role of Morgan le Fay in Thomas Malory's Morte Darthur
3024:(1532), features a later appearance of Arthur together with his sister Morgaina, "better known as Morgana the fairy" (
10023:
10003:
9983:
8876:
8475:
7489:
7166:
6801:
6314:
6287:
4245:
3559:
3260:
3108:
2468:), Morgan ceases troubling Arthur and vanishes for a long time, and the king assumes her to be dead. One day, he and
930:
10068:
10033:
6535:
Lacy, Norris J.; Ashe, Geoffrey; Ihle, Sandra Ness; Kalinke, Marianne E.; Thompson, Raymond H. (5 September 2013).
5562:
5460:. New York Public Library. London : J. M. Dent & Sons Limited; New York : E. P. Dutton & Company.
2975:
writes about having visited the Enchanted Isle and met Arthur who has been brought back to life by the fay Morgan (
1597:
1269:
847:
who plotted to assassinate him, much as Morgan attempts to kill Urien. Additionally, Modron is called "daughter of
1937:
in a war over his wife (Morgan's mother) at the same moment as when Arthur is conceived by Uther, who infiltrates
10038:
9650:
9274:
8577:
8000:
7279:"THE MAGICAL MANTLE, THE DRINKING HORN AND THE CHASTITY TEST: A STUDY OF A "TALE" IN ARTHURIAN CELTIC LITERATURE"
7182:
3450:
3012:
ends, that is with the departure and disappearance of Arthur and his sister Morgaina, described there as a fairy
2845:
2736:
2378:
Another of Morgan's illicit love subjects is the rescued-but-abducted young Cornish knight Alexander the Orphan (
1723:), received her brother here, cured him, nourished him, revived him, and made him immortal. He was presented the
543:
7862:
5990:
2787:. She appears in a variety of roles, generally appearing in works related to the literary cycles of Arthur (the
1567:
has Erec healed by Guinevere with a special plaster that was given to Arthur by the king's sister, the goddess (
10048:
9988:
9630:
9491:
8856:
7671:
2427:
also gives him an enchanted shield depicting Arthur, Guinevere and Lancelot to deliver to Camelot in the Prose
666:
633:
shapeshifting female saint who was associated with the sea). The name is not to be confused with the unrelated
31:
17:
10083:
10018:
9968:
9716:
8893:
8824:
6668:
Florambel de Lucea: primera parte, libros I, II y III : Valladolid, Nicola Tierri, 1532: guĂa de lectura
4112:
The Mabinogion: From the Llyfr Coch O Hergest (the Red Book of Hergest) with an English Translation and Notes
3975:
1881:
1472:
1199:-type character and her sisters, Geoffrey might have been influenced by the first-century Roman cartographer
554:
445:
as well as from other ancient and medieval myths and historical figures. The earliest documented account, by
3017:
2476:
1727:
as his kingdom. The faerie folk being unarmed, the great war leader comes to their aid: he fears no battle.
10088:
10073:
10053:
10013:
9998:
9531:
7952:
7917:
7480:"Thoroughly Modern Morgan: Morgan le Fey in Twentieth-Century Popular Arthuriana". Sklar, Elizabeth S., in
4460:
Which Witch?: Morgan le Fay as Shape-Shifter and English Perceptions of Magic Reflected in Arthurian Legend
1036:
645:
in the Old Welsh period). As her epithet "le Fay" (a pseudo-French phrase coined up in the 15th century by
5040:"'Morgan le Fay, Empress of the Wilderness': A Newly Recovered Arthurian Text in London, BL Royal 12.C.ix"
4266:
3259:
as a location of her enchanted realm in the mythological landscape of medieval Europe (at least since the
1424:
links him to the beautiful magical entity known only as the "fairy mistress", who was later identified by
10028:
9117:
8888:
8422:
1627:
better known as Kundry) through her plot function as mistress of illusions in an enchanted fairy garden.
7013:
2518:
has Morgan explain that by saying the tomb's purpose was to prevent knights from searching for Arthur.)
10043:
9555:
8470:
8080:
7817:
7075:
Lacy, Norris J.; Ashe, Geoffrey; Ihle, Sandra Ness; Kalinke, Marianne E.; Thompson, Raymond H. (2013).
5890:
2686:
2621:) as a young teenager; in this narrative she did not study with Merlin. Unlike Malory's good sorceress
2348:
2218:
is possible that this motif was inspired by classical stories like that how Medea killed her rival for
2201:) from certain death when she learns Accolon was Manessen's cousin and enables him to kill his captor.
2054:
1756:
1404:
997:
709:
239:
2997:, the noble Queen Morgan searches the world for her missing brother. Finally finding him entranced in
10058:
10008:
9891:
9587:
8724:
7664:
3482:
3463:, historical fiction and other genres across various mediums, especially since the mid-20th century.
3349:
2955:, the island kingdom of Arthur and his fairy sister Morgan the Beautiful is hidden by a cloud in the
2149:
1742:
1631:
1069:
897:
816:
697:
6766:
4666:
2177:
While Morgan's antagonistic actions in the Vulgate Cycle have been motivated by her "great hatred" (
1710:, written for political propaganda purpose of having 'Arthur' criticise King Henry for invading the
1245:
in which Morgan herself makes an unexplained appearance in this second known text featuring her. As
1232:
717:
9917:
9695:
9685:
9595:
9467:
8756:
6465:
3413:
3188:) who wants to rape her but she is rescued by Lancelot. The Italian Morgana appears in a number of
2898:
2711:
2531:
67:
6736:"El tractament de la dona com a pensadora en l Aplec de rondaies mallorquines d Antoni M. Alcover"
6400:
5302:
3806:
3028:), who explains how she saved her brother and gifts Excalibur to the eponymous hero Florambel. In
2327:
2271:, and she enlists the help of the latter in her failed attempt to eliminate the Lady of the Lake.
1943:
195:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9711:
9523:
9475:
9262:
9144:
8936:
8650:
7699:
6638:
5316:
4498:
3472:
3371:, Morgan has been primarily featured in relation to the cycle of epic poems of Orlando (based on
2960:
1995:
narration describes Morgan's unmatched beauty and her various skills and qualities of character:
1623:
further identified a Morganian figure in Wolfram's ambiguous character of Cundrie the Sorceress (
918:
173:
7446:
Caldwell, James R. (1965). "A Medieval Romance of Friendship: Eger and Grime. Mabel van Duzee".
7278:
1547:, 'north, left', 'sinister, wicked', also 'fairy (fay), elf'). There, Morgan is called to treat
1137:) sisters, whose names are listed as Moronoe, Mazoe, Gliten, Glitonea, Gliton, Tyronoe, Thiten (
9973:
9793:
9777:
9767:
9726:
9721:
9579:
9571:
6947:
5821:
4321:
3881:
1976:
1834:). Some scholars even see the figure of the Lady (or Ladies) of the Lake as Morgan's split-off
1666:
1612:
1331:
1008:
7388:
7361:
7334:
7129:
7103:
6871:
6841:
6603:
6509:
6357:
6331:
6304:
6277:
6218:
6023:
5794:
Zimo, Ann E.; Sprecher, Tiffany D. Vann; Reyerson, Kathryn; Blumenthal, Debra (2 March 2020).
5753:
5500:
5359:
5242:
4998:
4917:
4612:
4513:
4211:
3263:), and local folklore describes her as living in a magical castle located at or floating over
1925:
In a popular tradition, Morgan is the youngest of the daughters of Igraine and her husband, a
1117:
who dwell there, ruling in their own right. Morgen agrees to take Arthur, delivered to her by
960:
9808:
9803:
9680:
9202:
8958:
8931:
8871:
8432:
7307:
7156:
7076:
6886:
6815:
6666:
6536:
6439:
6050:
5795:
5622:
5171:
5098:
4971:
4873:
4833:
4184:
4167:
4110:
3680:
Different Faces of Morgan le Fay: The Changing Image of the Sorceress in Arthurian Literature
3360:
3355:
3272:
3065:, one of their sons is a giant and they live in a palace made of jewels. In the 13th-century
2720:
2701:
2655:
2489:
1680:
1672:
1196:
713:
670:
6359:
Prowess, Piety, and Public Order in Medieval Society: Studies in Honor of Richard W. Kaeuper
5864:
2040:), the realm described as an Otherworldly northern British kingdom, possibly the historical
1664:, among others, including some in later works (such as with Lady Lufamore of Maydenlande in
1394:
1372:(c. 1215), Arthur was taken to Avalon by two women to be healed there by its most beautiful
477:
9927:
9922:
9645:
9640:
9437:
8797:
8772:
8642:
8185:
8170:
8145:
8095:
7970:
7792:
7717:
7131:
The Arthur of the Italians: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval Italian Literature and Culture
3376:
3062:
2972:
2630:
2590:
2279:
1898:
1516:
1217:
1060:
1017:
981:
686:
570:
486:
472:, as the leader of the nine magical sisters unrelated to Arthur. Therein, and in the early
446:
92:
3678:
3619:
3408:
3049:
of Charlemagne, she is most associated with one of the Paladins, the Danish folklore hero
2116:
8:
9813:
9798:
9539:
9499:
9154:
9139:
8941:
8836:
8831:
8807:
8749:
3368:
1707:
1551:, Knight of the Sparrowhawk, following the latter's defeat at the hands of his adversary
638:
630:
293:
7656:
6843:
The Arthur of the French: The Arthurian Legend in Medieval French and Occitan Literature
5998:. Department of English and American Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno.
5780:
4238:
Encyclopedia of Fairies: Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures
3977:
Masks of the Dark Goddess in Arthurian Literature: Origin and Evolution of Morgan le Fay
3709:
3334:), whom Arthur saves from the evil Knight of the Wasteland (similar to the story in the
3236:
3192:
poems of the 14th to 15th century. Some of these are original new episodes, such as the
1771:
1703:
625:
9690:
9622:
8866:
8490:
8485:
8085:
8045:
7975:
7463:
7217:
7212:
6257:
5969:
Characterizing Action: Sir Thomas Malory's Development of Character in Le Morte Darthur
5935:
5927:
4755:
4372:"The Enchantress, the Knight and the Cleric: Authorial Surrogates in Arthurian Romance"
3947:
3939:
3855:
3381:
3244:
3208:
that features her evil fairy son, the Knight of the False Shield, who ends up slain by
3002:
2988:
2638:
2347:
Morgan uses her skills in her dealings, amorous or otherwise, with several of Arthur's
2159:
1827:
1814:
973:
940:
435:
405:
7588:
The Arthur of the Iberians: The Arthurian Legends in the Spanish and Portuguese Worlds
7363:
The Romance Epics of Boiardo, Ariosto, and Tasso: From Public Duty to Private Pleasure
4018:
Die Religion der Kelten in den antiken literarischen Zeugnissen: Von Cicero bis Florus
3115:
in which Arthur's sister Morgan is mother of not Oberon but Merlin. In another French
1676:, a 19th-century ballad "containing Arthurian material dating back to the year 1200."
1272:, where the fairy Morgane lives in the isle of Zeeland and has learned her magic from
1184:
823:
70 ("Three Blessed Womb-Burdens of the Island of Britain") â in which her children by
796:
9912:
9319:
9149:
8953:
8802:
8717:
8455:
8100:
8035:
7691:
7629:
7610:
7591:
7572:
7553:
7534:
7515:
7485:
7394:
7367:
7340:
7313:
7224:
7162:
7135:
7109:
7082:
7029:
6992:
6967:
6930:
6892:
6847:
6821:
6797:
6763:"The Realm of Prester John by Robert Silverberg, 1972 | Online Research Library"
6672:
6609:
6542:
6515:
6445:
6363:
6337:
6310:
6283:
6224:
6182:
6056:
6029:
5939:
5917:
5847:
5801:
5759:
5628:
5605:
5506:
5455:
5365:
5269:
5248:
5177:
5059:
5035:
5004:
4977:
4950:
4923:
4879:
4839:
4759:
4672:
4618:
4592:
4519:
4404:
4341:
4241:
4217:
4190:
4133:
3951:
3901:
3859:
3427:
3168:
2948:
2800:
2788:
2775:
Morgan further turns up frequently throughout the Western European literature of the
2670:
2352:
2315:
2214:
2088:, for instance, it is Morgan who finds Merlin, whom she "loves passionately". In the
2045:
1760:
1711:
1698:
1654:
1635:
1484:). Morgan the Wise is female in Chrétien's original, as well as in the Norse version
1439:
1367:
1082:
864:
856:
836:
729:
473:
469:
119:
51:
1862:"She was known to have studied magic while she was being brought up in the nunnery."
1794:
Morgan's role was greatly expanded by the unknown authors of the early-13th-century
1026:
61:
9886:
9402:
9122:
9003:
8993:
8926:
8819:
8730:
8369:
8175:
8155:
8110:
7455:
7021:
6959:
5909:
5198:
5051:
4875:
Arthurian Romances, Tales, and Lyric Poetry: The Complete Works of Hartmann Von Aue
4747:
4333:
3931:
3893:
3847:
3477:
3386:
3072:
3067:
2993:
2964:
2817:
2796:
2780:
2776:
2412:
2337:
2011:
1926:
1564:
1492:
1305:
1277:
1114:
977:
662:
597:
364:
313:
165:
72:
8545:
7650:
7390:
Rewriting Arthurian Romance in Renaissance France: From Manuscript to Printed Book
7245:
7105:
Handbook of Arthurian Romance: King Arthur's Court in Medieval European Literature
4542:
1991:
describes her as "wonderfully adept" and "working hard all the time." The Vulgate
1283:
10063:
9856:
9212:
9112:
9008:
8460:
8450:
8404:
8379:
8359:
8337:
8325:
8135:
8040:
7797:
7732:
7507:
6986:
6913:
6384:
5440:
4944:
4900:
4586:
4127:
4069:
3414:
Les grandes chroniques du grand et énorme géant Gargantua et il publie Pantagruel
3391:
3310:
3277:
2762:
2705:
2552:"With haughty, wicked eyes and lovely face, Studied him steadily a little space."
2360:
2248:
2049:
1938:
1934:
1886:
1835:
1780:
1537:
1497:
1486:
1447:
1417:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1221:
935:
892:
868:
828:
773:
765:
705:
499:
442:
299:
199:
9397:
4031:
La légende arthurienne, études et documents: Des origines à Geoffroy de Monmouth
2364:
2077:), begins a lifelong feud between Guinevere and Morgan, who leaves the court of
682:
107:
9442:
8898:
8694:
8534:
8522:
8297:
8251:
6183:"The Obstacle and the Way: Women and Gender in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight"
3432:
3422:
3400:
3340:
3075:, Morgan is a protector of the eponymous hero and the mother of the fairy king
3050:
2998:
2678:
2546:
1803:
1749:
1533:
1425:
1399:
1363:
1237:
1200:
808:
753:
693:
430:
356:
251:
8332:
7025:
6872:"Popular Epics of the Middle Ages of the Norse-German and Carlovingian Cycles"
5055:
4060:
Charlotte Spivack, Roberta Lynne Staples. "Morgan le Fay: Goddess or Witch?".
3833:"From The Lady to The Tramp: The Decline of Morgan le Fay in Medieval Romance"
3417:(1532) and of the good Morgana in Erasmo di Valvasone's Italian didactic poem
3275:, since the 14th century. References linking Avalon to Sicily can be found in
2869:
2709:
where she is only "name-dropped" as a minor character. Middle English romance
2368:
2355:
for Lancelot as "the woman he most feared in the world." As told in the Prose
1524:
or derived from a common source, mentions King Arthur's chief physician named
1204:
741:
9962:
9942:
9432:
9357:
9237:
8812:
8676:
8602:
8210:
7995:
6971:
4345:
3905:
3080:
2880:
2757:
2697:
2585:
2398:, but her interest in him turns into burning hatred of him and his true love
2134:
2032:
Uther (or Arthur himself in the Post-Vulgate) betroths her to his ally, King
1807:
1799:
1548:
1156:
1122:
1012:
867:
including the motif of apple in connection to Avalon-like Otherworld isle of
646:
6963:
5931:
2756:
who takes an appearance of an elderly woman (contrasting from the beautiful
2752:), whose prior mentorship by Merlin is mentioned. Here, she is an ambiguous
542:
Morgan's character again rose to prominence in the 20th and 21st centuries,
9907:
9563:
9515:
9299:
9252:
9247:
9207:
8968:
8851:
8592:
8510:
8465:
8256:
8075:
8005:
7219:
World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions: a Resource for Readers and Writers
4337:
3897:
3151:) after him; the shipwrecked Renoart ends up luckily rescued by a mermaid.
2741:
2422:, wherein Morgan presents herself as Arthur's full sister, she delivers by
2382:), a cousin of Tristan and Mark's enemy from a later addition in the Prose
2208:). However, her treacherous attempts to bring about Arthur's demise in the
2093:
1840:
1620:
1601:, the fairy lover of its variant of Guigomar (here as Guingamuer) is named
1511:
1287:
1054:
987:
844:
820:
658:
634:
608:
576:
452:
86:
7607:
King Arthur's Enchantresses: Morgan and Her Sisters in Arthurian Tradition
6915:
L'enchanteur pourrissant: Ăd. Ă©tablie, prĂ©sentĂ© et annotĂ©e par Jean Burgos
5869:. Department of English Language and Literature, Masaryk University, Brno.
4751:
3851:
3799:'Wichecraft & Vilaine': Morgan le Fay in Medieval Arthurian Literature
2692:, Morgan appears in Arthur's dream as Lady Fortune (that is, the goddess
1648:
939:, written around the same time and with similar derision for this belief,
721:
9483:
9427:
9367:
9267:
9232:
9217:
9159:
9072:
8998:
8921:
8711:
8374:
8292:
8120:
8090:
8060:
7687:
6389:(in French). Centro interuniversitario di ricerche sul viaggio in Italia.
5913:
2904:
2792:
2784:
2626:
2610:
2498:
2310:
2205:
2163:
2126:
2019:
1818:
1556:
1430:
1351:
1264:
910:
902:
876:
812:
701:
669:(also known as Mari-Morgans or just Morgans), the Welsh and Breton fairy
562:
523:
409:
280:
203:
9412:
7158:"Der muoz mir sĂŒezer worte jehen": liber amicorum fĂŒr Norbert Voorwinden
6104:"Morgan le Fay and the fairy mound in 'Sir Gawain and the Green Knight'"
5406:"The Tournament at Logres; King Lot and his Sons; and Morgan and Gyomar"
2767:
enigmatic Morgan might be, or might be not, also Lady Bertilak herself.
2740:, one of the best-known Arthurian tales, it is revealed that the entire
2649:). Malory also reused the magic mantle assassination plot from the Huth
2561:
1476:, in an episode in which the Lady of Norison restores the maddened hero
1067:, it elaborates some episodes from Geoffrey's more famous earlier work,
468:), to which Arthur was carried after having been fatally wounded at the
9851:
9655:
9314:
9257:
9242:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9067:
9047:
8846:
8776:
8741:
8277:
8246:
8190:
7907:
7827:
7467:
7210:
7049:
5206:. Department of English and American Studies, Masaryk University, Brno.
3943:
3456:
3396:
3264:
3148:
3013:
2984:
2919:
2617:") in the nunnery where she was raised, before being married to Urien (
2614:
2411:
lance that was used to kill Huneson, enchants it, and sends it to King
1795:
1660:
1470:
Chrétien again refers to Morgan as a great healer in his later romance
1408:
1321:
1313:
1257:
in the original-text), there she first lustfully loves the Trojan hero
1242:
590:
490:â she is usually described as the youngest daughter of Arthur's mother
425:
421:
6563:
2744:
plot has been instigated by Gawain's aunt, the goddess Morgan le Fay (
1817:. (Both of these cycles are believed to be at least influenced by the
1670:). Loomis also linked her to the eponymous seductress evil queen from
909:
carried the dead Arthur to her island of Avalon (identified by him as
9347:
9129:
9107:
9057:
9052:
9030:
8607:
8480:
8272:
8241:
8215:
8150:
8125:
8015:
7985:
7937:
7927:
7762:
7757:
7727:
3742:. Department of Religious Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta.
3437:
2841:
2829:
2753:
2542:
2264:
1984:
1724:
1541:
1443:
1421:
1126:
1102:
620:
586:
527:
8903:
7847:
7459:
5039:
3935:
3922:
Loomis, Roger S. (1945). "Morgain La Fee and the Celtic Goddesses".
1231:
Geoffrey's description of Morgan is notably very similar to that in
769:
9938:
Feminist interpretations of witch trials in the early modern period
9861:
9604:
Treatise on the Apparitions of Spirits and on Vampires or Revenants
9422:
9304:
9222:
9062:
9025:
8841:
8399:
8389:
8364:
8354:
8344:
8205:
8160:
8130:
8055:
8025:
7990:
7965:
7932:
7897:
7877:
7832:
7787:
7707:
7247:
Arthuriana: Early Arthurian Tradition and the Origins of the Legend
6641:
on 1 April 2016 – via Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes.
6103:
6077:
5145:
4739:
4063:
The Company of Camelot: Arthurian Characters in Romance and Fantasy
3286:
2728:
2469:
2260:
2227:
2223:
2190:
1959:
1955:
1933:. Her father dies in battle with the army of the British high king
1894:
1879:) first appears in the few surviving verses of the Old French poem
1639:
1624:
1619:, or Land of Joy; the text also mentions the mountain of FĂąmorgĂąn.
1607:
1412:
1335:
1326:
1273:
1211:
and its nine virgin priestesses believed by the continental Celtic
1208:
1164:
1152:
1118:
1011:(1908), featuring a later version of the character in a scene from
848:
792:
716:, was recorded as having a sister named Maithgen (daughter of king
535:
522:, and a capricious and vindictive adversary of some knights of the
507:
243:
191:
8861:
6147:"Sovereign Fantasies: Arthurian Romance and the Making of Britain"
5783:. Carnegie Institution of Washington – via Internet Archive.
5621:
Hopkins, Amanda; Rouse, Robert Allen; Rushton, Cory James (2014).
5443:. Carnegie Institution of Washington – via Internet Archive.
5305:. Carnegie Institution of Washington – via Internet Archive.
5119:
King Arthur and the Grail: The Arthurian Legends and Their Meaning
4397:"Two Accounts of the Exhumation of Arthur's Body: Gerald of Wales"
4371:
2189:
to obtain the enchanted sword Excalibur as well as its protective
1831:
1528:. It is believed that this character, though considered a male in
9407:
9337:
9227:
8988:
8963:
8617:
8349:
8315:
8287:
8282:
8115:
8070:
8030:
7980:
7960:
7942:
7922:
7912:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7872:
7867:
7857:
7852:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7742:
7722:
6333:
Elf Queens and Holy Friars: Fairy Beliefs and the Medieval Church
5886:
Malory's Morgan le Fay: The Danger of Unrestrained Feminine Power
5317:"Bibliographical bulletin of the International Arthurian Society"
3460:
3209:
3177:
3132:
3046:
2956:
2693:
2538:
2423:
2395:
2309:"How Morgain granted Lancelot a leave from her prison to conquer
2303:
2268:
2186:
2078:
1972:
1963:
1930:
1890:
1706:, which contains a fictitious letter addressed by King Arthur to
1552:
1480:
to his senses with a magical potion provided by Morgan the Wise (
1359:
1317:
1078:
843:. Furthermore, the historical Urien had a treacherous ally named
832:
678:
531:
503:
495:
491:
413:
284:
235:
217:
187:
183:
1555:, and is later called on by Arthur to treat Geraint himself. In
692:
Further early inspiration for her figure likely came from other
9417:
9372:
9342:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9197:
9180:
9175:
9102:
8597:
8394:
8384:
8320:
8236:
8200:
8195:
8165:
8140:
8105:
8020:
7902:
7842:
7752:
7747:
6484:"Gateway to the Classics: The Story of Roland by James Baldwin"
5000:
Studies in Medieval Literature: A Memorial Collection of Essays
3372:
3268:
3256:
3184:, where she is kidnapped by the knight Burletta of the Desert (
3076:
2837:
2646:
2605:
In Malory's backstory, Morgan has studied astrology as well as
2415:, her possible lover, who years later uses it to slay Tristan.
2399:
2240:
2041:
1967:
1958:, the latter of whom is the mother of Arthur's knights Gawain,
1951:
1643:
1503:
1300:
1268:(1330s), within the fourth book which is set in Britain during
1258:
1090:
1064:
860:
804:
803:
Morgan has also been often linked with the supernatural mother
519:
465:
276:
255:
247:
103:
5793:
5421:
5419:
4740:"Animal Encounters: Contacts and Concepts in Medieval Britain"
3882:"Objections to the Celtic origin of the "MatiĂšre de Bretagne""
3455:
The character of Morgan has become ubiquitous in works of the
2983:) and they both are now forever young due to the power of the
2770:
2406:. In this story, Morgan's paramours include Huneson the Bald (
1910:, also implies that Arthur's sister was later named after its
526:, all the while harbouring a special hatred for Arthur's wife
502:, is thus Morgan's half-brother, and her full sisters include
328:
9947:
9387:
9382:
9362:
9352:
9279:
9190:
9185:
9134:
9042:
9020:
9015:
8946:
8220:
8180:
8065:
8050:
7807:
7802:
7712:
6796:(Foundation Werkplaats Wetenschap, NL). Rubicon Press, 1987.
6306:
Mervelous Signals: Poetics and Sign Theory in the Middle Ages
6199:
Carson, Angela. "Morgain la Fee as the Principle of Unity in
5852:. New York Public Library. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
4562:
4560:
3487:
3225:. Evangelista Fossa combined and retold some of those in his
2825:
2642:
2622:
2219:
2044:(early versions have alternatively named Morgan's husband as
2033:
1477:
1464:
Voyage of King Arthur and Morgan le Fay to the Isle of Avalon
1403:, completed around 1170. In it, a love of Morgan (Morgue) is
1212:
1172:
1130:
1046:
913:), where he was buried. Writing in the early 13th century in
852:
840:
824:
781:
777:
737:
725:
674:
654:
515:
511:
417:
404:
among other names and spellings, is a powerful and ambiguous
266:
221:
115:
111:
4515:
Celtic Visions: Seership, Omens and Dreams of the Otherworld
2521:
322:
9377:
9309:
9077:
9035:
8010:
7837:
7737:
6127:
Williams, Edith Whitehurst. "Morgan La Fee as Trickster in
5416:
4483:
Morgan le Fay as Other in English Medieval and Modern Texts
2599:
1451:
1346:) and raised in her paradise island country of Meidelant ('
925:
invented the legend that some kind of a fantastic goddess (
922:
649:, who derived it from the original French descriptive form
464:) refers to Morgan in association with the Isle of Apples (
347:
336:
6466:"Claris and Laris | Robbins Library Digital Projects"
5781:"The Vulgate Version of the Arthurian Romances (Volume 6)"
5441:"The Vulgate Version of the Arthurian Romances (Volume 1)"
5303:"The Vulgate Version of the Arthurian Romances (Volume 1)"
4557:
3506:
Variant spellings of the name in the manuscripts include:
1109:, Geoffrey describes this island in more detail and names
732:. Geoffrey's description of Morgen and her sisters in the
428:, particularly as portrayed in cyclical prose such as the
371:; all meaning 'Morgan the Fairy'), alternatively known as
7686:
7512:
Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain
3301:
places Morgan's secret mountain castle of Mongibel (also
2667:), as they disappear from the work's narrative together.
1979:
and begins her study of magic, going on to specialise in
1914:
character Morgane from several centuries earlier. In the
1373:
1085:, is taken off to the blessed Isle of Apple Trees (Latin
685:('Great Queen'). Proponents of this theory have included
325:
4183:
Newcomb, Jacky; Geddes-Ward, Alicen (29 November 2007).
1889:, who described her as an illegitimate daughter of Lady
1684:
satirical moral from the downfall of the English knight
1121:
to have him revived. She and her sisters are capable of
7309:
Encyclopedia of Fairies in World Folklore and Mythology
6948:"Il manoscritto quattrocentesco della " Ponzela Gaia ""
6078:"An Exploration of the Evolution of the Arthurian Myth"
5673:. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras (ULICES).
4997:
Loomis, Roger Sherman; Roberts, Ruth (18 August 1970).
3016:, after the battle with Mordred. Another Spanish work,
1679:
A recently discovered moralistic manuscript written in
1386:
or Argane; it is possible her name had been originally
1077:, Geoffrey relates how King Arthur, gravely wounded by
665:, and her main name could be connected to the myths of
6985:
Busby, Keith; Thompson, Raymond H. (8 November 2005).
6279:
Stages of Evil: Occultism in Western Theater and Drama
6220:
Magic and the Supernatural in Medieval English Romance
5244:
Magic and the Supernatural in Medieval English Romance
3441:, possibly originally written in 15th-century England.
3200:, in which Morgana heals the wounded Hector de Maris (
3180:. Her daughter also appears, as Gaia Donzella, in the
2734:
At the end of the 14th-century Middle English romance
2233:
1646:. These characters include the Queen of Meidenlant in
1101:) is also mentioned as the place where Arthur's sword
950:
7339:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 108.
7215:; Sienkewicz, Thomas J.; McDonough, James T. (1999).
6511:
Journey to Avalon: The Final Discovery of King Arthur
6025:
Journey to Avalon: The Final Discovery of King Arthur
5849:
The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur
5558:
Creating Her Own Power: Morte Darthur's Morgan le Fay
2570:
The Story of the Grail and the Passing of King Arthur
2359:, they first meet in her magical domain known as the
344:
6628:
6157:
5822:"Accolon of Gaul | Robbins Library Digital Projects"
5624:
Sexual Culture in the Literature of Medieval Britain
5586:
5584:
5481:
5479:
5283:
5281:
4614:
Perceforest: The Prehistory of King Arthur's Britain
4268:
Magic and Femininity as Power in Medieval Literature
4169:
The Dwarfs of Arthurian Romance and Celtic Tradition
2402:
after he kills her lover as introduced in the Prose
1638:
motif, often appearing as (usually unnamed) wife of
1595:. In the anonymous First Continuation of Chrétien's
1155:, on strange wings. When she wishes, she is now at
917:, Gerald also wrote that "as a result, the fanciful
752:), as described by the 1st-century Roman geographer
333:
9994:
Fictional characters introduced in the 12th century
8575:
7155:Jongen, Ludo; Onderdelinden, Sjaak (1 April 1997).
7154:
7074:
6562:Torroella, Guillem de. Compagna, Anna Maria (ed.).
6534:
5904:Leitch, Megan G; Rushton, Cory James, eds. (2019).
5620:
4902:
Studies in the Fairy Mythology of Arthurian Romance
4807:
Studies in the Fairy Mythology of Arthurian Romance
4020:, Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2008, p. 273.
3643:Lot, Ferdinand, "Morgue la FĂ©e et Morgan-Tud", in:
3255:in Italian, has been in particular associated with
2006:
1702:, a 12th-century (c. 1167â1169) Latin chronicle by
544:
appearing in a wide variety of roles and portrayals
341:
319:
316:
7531:Avalon Revisited: Reworkings of the Arthurian Myth
7216:
4182:
2497:Lancelot, which brings down the fellowship of the
1390:before it was changed in manuscript transmission.
980:) in her initial literary portrayal and role from
724:), whose name also appears as that of a prophetic
7569:Shapeshifter: The Manifestations of Morgan le Fay
7336:Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato: An Ethics of Desire
6874:. Macmillan and Company – via Google Books.
6382:
6180:
5581:
5476:
5278:
3739:Goddess Dethroned: The Evolution of Morgan le Fay
138:Human, fairy or goddess (depending on the source)
9960:
6022:Barber, Chris; Pykitt, David (15 January 1997).
5121:. London: Wedienfled and Nicholson. p. 123.
4271:. East Tennessee State University, Johnson City.
7183:"FOSSA, Evangelista in "Dizionario Biografico""
7014:"La Tavola Ritonda: Magic and the Supernatural"
5219:, p. xxxvi of Thelma S. Fenster's introduction.
2334:How Morgan le Fay Gave a Shield to Sir Tristram
2092:, where Morgan's first lover is a knight named
1330:, translated by the end of the 12th century by
9461:Witchcraft and divination in the Old Testament
7276:
7101:
6846:. University of Wales Press. 15 October 2020.
6635:AntologĂa de libros de caballerĂas castellanas
5610:. New York Public Library. New York: Scribner.
5473:, p. xxxi of Thelma S. Fenster's introduction.
4236:Briggs, Katharine (1978). "Morgan le Fay". In
3314:wife Florete. The 15th-century French romance
3289:literature, for example in the aforementioned
2951:. In the 14th-century French Crusadic fantasy
9548:A Dialogue Concerning Witches and Witchcrafts
8757:
8561:
7672:
7223:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 142.
6984:
6870:Ludlow, John Malcolm Forbes (6 August 1865).
6712:(in Catalan). 1 February 2004. Archived from
6706:"Bramimonda i els cavallers carolingis (778)"
6629:Dorothy A. Carpenter, ed. (21 October 2001).
5903:
5667:Morgan le Fay: The Inheritance of the Goddess
5607:The Story of the Champions of the Round Table
5267:
5146:"The Role of Women in the Arthurian Material"
4996:
3660:, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 16; 458; 537; 702; 1602.
3297:. The 13th-century Chrétien-inspired romance
3032:, Morgana offers her love to Tristan. In the
2625:, Morgan deals mostly in "black" rather than
2288:The Story of the Champions of the Round Table
2156:Morgan le Fay Casts Away Excalibur's Scabbard
1658:, and the nameless heroine of the Breton lai
7134:. University of Wales Press. 15 April 2014.
6507:
6021:
5457:Stories from King Arthur and His Round Table
5319:. 21 February 1954 – via Google Books.
4738:Figg, Kristen; Crane, Susan (January 2014).
3330:) a sister known as the Lady Without Pride (
2943:in the 14th-century Welsh fragment known as
1253:, likely a corruption of a spelling such as
569:The earliest spelling of the name (found in
7206:
7204:
7078:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia: New edition
6911:
6671:(in Spanish). Centro Estudios Cervantinos.
6665:Perdomo, MarĂa del Rosario Aguilar (2004).
6538:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia: New edition
6052:Arthurian Studies in Honour of P.J.C. Field
5797:Rethinking Medieval Margins and Marginality
3346:Ain Hupsches Vasnacht Spill von KĂŒnig Artus
3267:. As such she gave her name to the form of
2771:Other later portrayals in various countries
2185:, where she arranges for her devoted lover
1897:, after whose death she is adopted by King
1397:already mentions her in his first romance,
1377:
1052:
1005:How Four Queens Found Sir Lancelot Sleeping
985:
574:
450:
84:
8764:
8750:
8568:
8554:
7679:
7665:
7604:
6330:Green, Richard Firth (28 September 2016).
6181:Neimneh, Shadi; Al-Thebyan, Qusai (2012).
5439:Sommer, H. Oskar (Heinrich Oskar) (1911).
5271:The Legends of King Arthur and His Knights
4822:, Columbia University Press, 1949, p. 488.
4820:Arthurian Tradition and Chretien de Troyes
4466:. Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton.
4125:
2926:How the Fairies Came to See Ogier the Dane
2131:Stories of King Arthur and the Round Table
1857:The Legends of King Arthur and His Knights
1047:Geoffrey, Chrétien and other early authors
123:
60:
6813:
6601:
6217:Saunders, Corinne J. (13 February 2024).
5988:
5889:. Worcester State College. Archived from
5866:Femininity and Death in Arthurian Legends
5862:
5387:
5116:
4737:
4095:Preserved in Peniarth 147. See Bromwich,
3805:. University of Leicester. Archived from
3322:) gives Morgaine the Fairy of Montgibel (
2522:Malory and other medieval English authors
2438:
708:. One of the proposed candidates for the
704:, and perhaps historical figures such as
8771:
7506:
7445:
7201:
6945:
6865:
6863:
6216:
5992:Women Characters in Arthurian Literature
5646:
5644:
5240:
4969:
4584:
4511:
3980:. Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond.
3354:
3235:
3154:The 14th-century Italian romance titled
3057:). In the 14th-century pseudo-chronicle
2959:, where it is visited by King Bauduins (
2888:1780 English translation by Lewis Porney
2669:
2475:
2168:Tales of King Arthur and the Round Table
2025:The Story of King Arthur and His Knights
2010:
1850:
1846:
1457:
1334:from a now-lost French text, the infant
1312:; Gibel was the Arabic name of Sicily's
1282:
1183:
1063:. Purportedly an account of the life of
786:
736:closely resembles the story of the nine
553:
549:
7566:
7552:. Garland Publishing (published 2015).
7547:
7529:Faedo, MarĂa JosĂ© Alvarez, ed. (2007).
7474:
7359:
7332:
7102:Tether, Leah; McFadyen, Johnny (2017).
6664:
6631:"Arderique: (1517) [selecciĂłn]"
5878:
5876:
5663:
5268:Knowles, James; Malory, Thomas (1895).
5196:
5169:
4942:
4916:Loomis, Roger Sherman (1 August 2005).
4537:
4535:
4496:
4165:
4054:
3973:
3795:
3676:
1806:cycle, and its subsequent rewrite, the
1241:(c. 1155â1160), a story of the ancient
689:, who doubted the Muirgen connection.
441:Her character may have originated from
14:
9961:
9867:List of people executed for witchcraft
7386:
7108:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
7011:
6935:(in Italian) (1893 ed.). Firenze.
6869:
6760:
6602:Martorell, Joanot (4 September 2013).
6163:Albert B. Friedman, "Morgan le Fay in
5984:
5982:
5708:
5706:
5569:from the original on 25 September 2023
5438:
5034:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5020:
4915:
4871:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4475:
4473:
4456:
4369:
4319:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4264:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4126:Koch, John T.; Minard, Antone (2012).
3921:
3879:
3735:
3707:
1929:(or Tintagel) who today best known as
1867:This version of Morgan (usually named
1785:Legends of King Arthur and His Knights
1778:Queen Morgan le Fay took the scabbard.
1732:
1496:. While the fairy Modron is mother of
756:, strongly suggesting that Pomponius'
9836:Witch trials in the Holy Roman Empire
8745:
8549:
7660:
7623:
7528:
7243:
6928:
6860:
6561:
6508:Barber, Chris; Pykitt, David (1997).
6329:
6302:
6144:
6048:
5641:
5554:
5550:
5548:
5394:. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
5383:
5381:
5106:. Autonomous University of Barcelona.
5096:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5082:
4898:
4664:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4501:. H.G. Bohn – via Google Books.
4486:. University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
4479:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4209:
4108:
4043:
4041:
4039:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3917:
3915:
3830:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3271:common off the shores of Sicily, the
3087:, a prose redaction of the epic poem
3061:written by the French-Belgian author
2824:, in which she visits a contemporary
1652:, the lady of Castellum Puellarum in
1320:) through a fountain to gift him her
1203:, who has described an oracle at the
901:, a noblewoman and close relative of
740:priestesses of the isle of Sena (now
696:, as well as possibly other works of
510:. The young Morgan unhappily marries
8670:The Squire, His Knight, and His Lady
7585:
7305:
6884:
6608:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
6437:
6383:Thomas III; Chaubet, Daniel (2001).
6336:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
6275:
5965:
5882:
5873:
5845:
5752:Lacy, Norris J. (21 February 2010).
5751:
5603:
5498:
5453:
5357:
4976:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.
4543:"The Camelot Project: Morgan le Fay"
4532:
4512:Matthews, Caitlin (1 January 2012).
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3666:
1942:best-known version, her sisters are
1686:Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall
1507:, an early 13th-century Breton lai.
1228:was a relatively little-known text.
561:(Italian for 'Morgan the Fairy') by
6932:Pulzella Gaia: Cantare Cavalleresco
5979:
5779:Sommer, H. Oskar (Heinrich Oskar).
5755:Lancelot-Grail: The death of Arthur
5703:
5412:. Robbins Library Digital Projects.
5361:Lancelot-Grail: The story of Merlin
5301:Sommer, H. Oskar (Heinrich Oskar).
5017:
4831:
4573:
4497:Herbert, Algernon (14 March 1836).
4470:
4251:
4073:(Greenwood Press, 2000), pp. 32â45.
3375:of the historical Charlemagne). In
2234:Lancelot, Tristan and other knights
1855:W. H. Margetson's illustration for
1563:, the 12th-century knight and poet
1338:is spirited away by a water fairy (
1324:of protection. In the romance poem
951:Medieval and Renaissance literature
27:Enchantress in the Arthurian legend
24:
10079:People whose existence is disputed
9933:Left-hand path and right-hand path
9508:De Lamiis et Pythonicis Mulieribus
7533:. Literary Criticism. Peter Lang.
6049:Field, P. J. C. (18 August 2004).
5778:
5545:
5378:
5300:
5143:
5079:
4936:
4631:
4570:, Walter de Gruyter, 1991, p. 209.
4445:
4352:
4322:"Morgain la fée in oral tradition"
4288:
4036:
3974:Shearer, John Christopher (2017).
3958:
3912:
3690:
3359:Morgana and Orlando as painted by
2820:'s late-13th-century French farce
2549:'s poem "Accolon of Gaul" (1907).
2452:). In the Post-Vulgate version of
1893:with an initially unnamed Duke of
1438:, the daughter of the King of the
969:The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon
673:related to the legend of Princess
25:
10100:
7644:
6276:Lima, Robert (23 December 2005).
6101:
6075:
5332:Scotland and the Arthurian Legend
4973:Sir Gawain: Knight of the Goddess
4919:Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance
4213:A Companion to Wolfram's Parzival
4033:, H. Champion, 1929, pp. 303â307.
3746:
3720:
3663:
3444:
3411:' French satirical fantasy novel
3261:Norman conquest of southern Italy
1292:Prince Arthur and the Fairy Queen
1059:, written by Norman-Welsh cleric
776:sorceresses or goddesses such as
8528:
8516:
8504:
7548:Fenster, Thelma S., ed. (1996).
7439:
7426:
7407:
7380:
7353:
7326:
7306:Bane, Theresa (30 August 2013).
7299:
7270:
7257:
7237:
7175:
7148:
7122:
7095:
7068:
7042:
7005:
6978:
6939:
6922:
6905:
6878:
6834:
6807:
6786:
6773:
6754:
6728:
6698:
6685:
6658:
6645:
6622:
6595:
6582:
6555:
6528:
6501:
6476:
6458:
6431:
6418:
6405:Robbins Library Digital Projects
6393:
6376:
6350:
6323:
6303:Vance, Eugene (1 January 1989).
6296:
6282:. University Press of Kentucky.
6269:
6250:
6237:
6210:
6193:
6174:
6138:
6121:
6095:
6069:
6042:
6015:
6002:
5959:
5946:
5897:
5856:
5839:
5814:
5787:
5772:
5745:
5563:University of Texas-Pan American
4970:Matthews, John (25 March 2003).
3586:
3576:
3113:The Boke of Duke Huon of Burdeux
2918:
2897:
2799:) and written mostly in various
2567:Howard Pyle's illustration from
2560:
2530:
2326:
2302:
2285:Howard Pyle's illustration from
2278:
2148:
2115:
2007:Schism with Guinevere and Arthur
1770:
1741:
1598:Perceval, the Story of the Grail
1051:Morgan first appears by name in
1025:
996:
959:
772:, and elements of the classical
312:
9979:Female characters in literature
8578:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
7571:. Western Michigan University.
7499:
7366:. University of Toronto Press.
6912:Apollinaire, Guillaume (1972).
6165:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
6129:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
5732:
5719:
5690:
5677:
5657:
5614:
5597:
5532:
5519:
5492:
5464:
5447:
5432:
5398:
5351:
5338:
5323:
5309:
5294:
5261:
5234:
5222:
5210:
5190:
5163:
5137:
5125:
5110:
4990:
4963:
4909:
4892:
4872:Vivian, Kim (1 November 2010).
4865:
4852:
4825:
4812:
4799:
4786:
4773:
4731:
4718:
4705:
4692:
4605:
4591:. Routledge. pp. 149â150.
4505:
4490:
4432:
4419:
4389:
4275:
4230:
4203:
4176:
4159:
4146:
4119:
4102:
4089:
4076:
4023:
4010:
3997:
3984:
3566:
3553:
3500:
3451:Morgan le Fay in modern culture
2737:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
1787:by Janet MacDonald Clark (1914)
1195:In the making of this arguably
807:, derived from the continental
603:, the masculine form of which,
585:, which is likely derived from
518:. She becomes an apprentice of
9631:Jamyi Witch hiring controversy
9492:Summis desiderantes affectibus
8476:King Arthur's messianic return
6918:(in French). Lettres modernes.
5555:Scott, Cynthia A. (May 2014).
5200:Magic in the Arthurian Legends
4665:Bruce, Christopher W. (1999).
4320:Loomis, Roger Sherman (1959).
4240:, p. 303. New York: Pantheon.
4189:. Hay House, Inc. p. 93.
3880:Loomis, Roger Sherman (1958).
3873:
3824:
3650:
3637:
3612:
3389:'s continuation of this tale,
3216:, a standalone version of the
931:King Arthur's messianic return
534:, with an unrequited love for
32:Morgan le Fay (disambiguation)
13:
1:
7605:Larrington, Carolyne (2006).
7590:. University of Wales Press.
7514:. University of Wales Press.
7018:Handbook of Arthurian Romance
5241:Saunders, Corinne J. (2010).
5170:Markale, Jean (1 June 1995).
4668:The Arthurian Name Dictionary
4480:Capps, Sandra Elaine (1996).
3994:, Cengage Gale, 1994, p. 119.
3600:
3324:Morgaine, la fée de Montgibel
1611:, another German knight-poet
1520:, either based on Chrétien's
1473:Yvain, the Knight of the Lion
1393:The 12th-century French poet
933:. In his encyclopaedic work,
839:, wherein their son is named
728:in the Irish legend of Saint
498:. Arthur, son of Igraine and
458:
9636:accusations against children
9532:The Discoverie of Witchcraft
7567:Thebert, Jill Marie (2008).
7482:Popular Arthurian Traditions
7393:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
6637:(in Spanish). Archived from
5758:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
5627:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
5335:. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
4210:Hasty, Will (1 April 1999).
3620:"Definition of FATA MORGANA"
3605:
2909:Morgan le Fay with Excalibur
2864:(c. 1270), has its Morgan (
2858:Li Romans de Claris et Laris
2685:In the c. 1400 English poem
2501:. At the end of the Vulgate
2065:and expanded in the Vulgate
1191:by Edward Burne-Jones (1862)
1015:'s 15th-century compilation
879:or even outright a goddess (
7:
8635:Gawain and the Green Knight
7550:Arthurian Women: A Casebook
7387:Taylor, Jane H. M. (2014).
7265:King Arthur's Enchantresses
6888:Fairies in Medieval Romance
6792:Sion, C.M.H. (translated).
6781:King Arthur's Enchantresses
6441:Fairies in Medieval Romance
6201:Gawain and the Green Knight
5966:Keys, Amanda Leigh (2009).
5954:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5740:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5727:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5714:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5698:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5652:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5592:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5527:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5487:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5346:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5289:King Arthur's Enchantresses
5117:Cavendish, Richard (1978).
5097:Zafra, Laura Calvo (2015).
4860:King Arthur's Enchantresses
4781:King Arthur's Enchantresses
4585:Goodrich, Peter H. (2004).
4440:King Arthur's Enchantresses
4166:Harward, Vernon J. (1958).
3736:Carver, Dax Donald (2006).
3466:
3285:, as well as in Breton and
3198:Cantare di Astore e Morgana
2609:(which might actually mean
1696:) is also mentioned in the
799:fresco (early 14th century)
768:such as the mother of hero
596:, meaning 'sea-born' (from
514:, with whom she has a son,
10:
10105:
9556:Daemonolatreiae libri tres
8471:Historicity of King Arthur
6946:Varanini, Giorgio (1959).
6814:Keightley, Thomas (1828).
6693:The Arthur of the Iberians
6653:The Arthur of the Iberians
6590:The Arthur of the Iberians
6245:The Arthur of the Iberians
5989:KopĆivovĂĄ, Monika (2007).
5975:. Baylor University, Waco.
5664:Martins, Ana Rita (2015).
5388:Pomerleau, Lainie (2013).
4899:Paton, Lucy Allen (1903).
4832:Aue, Hartmann Von (1982).
4809:, Ginn, 1903, pp. 259â274.
3448:
3326:, as she is also known in
3127:) and her sister Marsion (
3103:, the 15th-century French
3101:Chanson de Lion de Bourges
3071:story of another Paladin,
3018:Francisco de Enciso ZĂĄrate
2349:Knights of the Round Table
2104:) for her. In the Vulgate
1630:Speculatively, Loomis and
1490:, but male in the English
1115:nine magical queen sisters
29:
9900:
9879:
9844:
9828:
9786:
9735:
9704:
9673:
9664:
9621:
9614:
9588:A Guide to Grand-Jury Men
9451:
9328:
9168:
8981:
8914:
8790:
8783:
8725:Honi soit qui mal y pense
8704:
8686:
8661:
8626:
8585:
8499:
8443:
8415:
8306:
8265:
8229:
7951:
7816:
7698:
7626:The Myth of Morgan la Fey
7171:– via Google Books.
7054:Maria Bendinelli Predelli
7026:10.1515/9783110432466-023
6856:– via Google Books.
6426:The Myth of Morgan la Fey
6372:– via Google Books.
6346:– via Google Books.
6319:– via Google Books.
6292:– via Google Books.
6205:Modern Language Quarterly
6171:, volume 35, pp. 260â274.
6065:– via Google Books.
6010:The Myth of Morgan la Fey
5906:A New Companion to Malory
5863:PuĆĄkĂĄĆĄovĂĄ, Pavla (2013).
5810:– via Google Books.
5768:– via Google Books.
5561:(M.A.). Edinburg, Texas:
5274:. New York: Warne and Co.
5197:OrlickĂĄ, Barbora (2012).
5186:– via Google Books.
5075:– via Academia.edu.
5056:10.1017/9781846156113.004
5013:– via Google Books.
4986:– via Google Books.
4713:The Myth of Morgan la Fey
4528:– via Google Books.
4518:. Watkins Media Limited.
4457:Oliver, Cheyenne (2015).
4226:– via Google Books.
4109:Guest, Charlotte (1877).
4049:The Myth of Morgan la Fey
4007:, ABC-CLIO, 2006, p. 146.
3796:Enstone, Zoë Eve (2011).
3483:Medieval female sexuality
3119:, the early-13th-century
3036:('folk tale' in Catalan)
2464:, also known as just the
2259:include the opponents of
2251:in the late 13th-century
2226:sent a poisoned tunic to
1987:) and healing; the Prose
1759:with another lady at the
1755:shows Morgan discovering
1270:Julius Caesar's invasions
1097:in the Welsh versions of
1070:Historia Regum Britanniae
898:De instructione principis
817:medieval Welsh literature
795:under an apple tree in a
698:medieval Irish literature
272:
261:
227:
213:
158:
150:
142:
134:
129:
98:
80:
59:
49:
44:
10024:Fictional mathematicians
10004:Fictional Christian nuns
9984:Female literary villains
9918:Christian views on magic
9596:The Discovery of Witches
9468:Directorium Inquisitorum
7624:PĂ©rez, Kristina (2014).
7360:Cavallo, Jo Ann (2004).
7333:Cavallo, Jo Ann (1993).
6929:Rajna, Pio, ed. (1893).
6885:Wade, J. (23 May 2011).
6488:gatewaytotheclassics.com
6438:Wade, J. (23 May 2011).
6223:. Boydell & Brewer.
6145:Clare, Patricia (2001).
5908:. Boydell & Brewer.
5505:. Boydell & Brewer.
5499:Lacy, Norris J. (2010).
5364:. Boydell & Brewer.
5358:Lacy, Norris J. (2010).
5247:. Boydell & Brewer.
5173:Merlin: Priest of Nature
4922:. Chicago Review Press.
4671:. Taylor & Francis.
4216:. Boydell & Brewer.
3493:
3320:The Knight of the Parrot
3241:Fata Morgana; Nude Study
3227:Innamoramento di Galvano
3111:'s 16th-century English
2939:A human Morgan is named
2613:in general rather than "
2462:The Death of King Arthur
1721:Morganis nympha perennis
1540:cognate or borrowing of
1462:Frank William Warwick's
1369:The Chronicle of Britain
1093:, to be healed; Avalon (
1037:John R. Spencer Stanhope
976:(1898), showing Morgan (
758:Description of the World
720:, a 6th-century king of
10069:Mythological princesses
10034:Fictional shapeshifters
9524:De praestigiis daemonum
9476:De maleficis mulieribus
8111:Lady/Ladies of the Lake
7012:Murgia, Giulia (2017).
6964:10.3406/scrip.1959.3001
6362:. BRILL. 6 March 2017.
6309:. U of Nebraska Press.
5883:Saul, MaryLynn (2010).
5454:Clay, Beatrice (1913).
4838:. U of Nebraska Press.
4818:Loomis, Roger Sherman.
4401:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3831:Fries, Maureen (1994).
3686:. University of Vienna.
3624:www.merriam-webster.com
3316:La Chevalier du Papegau
3206:Cantari del Falso Scudo
2963:). In his 14th-century
2961:Baldwin II of Jerusalem
2836:), a demonic prince of
1748:An illustration of the
927:dea quaedam phantastica
130:In-universe information
10039:Fictional Welsh people
9580:Compendium Maleficarum
9572:Magical Investigations
9463:(8thâ2nd centuries BC)
8380:Land/Castle of Maidens
7653:at The Camelot Project
7628:. Palgrave Macmillan.
7244:Green, Thomas (2009).
5176:. Simon and Schuster.
4943:Markale, Jean (1999).
4370:Larrington, Carolyne.
4338:10.3406/roma.1959.3184
4172:. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
3898:10.3406/roma.1958.3112
3677:Dalecky, Elke (2008).
3647:28 (1899), pp. 321â28.
3364:
3248:
3231:Gawain Falling in Love
3186:Burletta della Diserta
3083:. In the 14th-century
2987:. In the 15th-century
2885:
2682:
2584:Middle English writer
2493:
2454:Queste del Saint Graal
2439:Later years and Avalon
2380:Alisaunder le Orphelin
2029:
2003:
1864:
1798:prose romances of the
1729:
1667:Sir Perceval of Galles
1613:Wolfram von Eschenbach
1587:
1467:
1378:
1332:Ulrich von Zatzikhoven
1295:
1233:BenoĂźt de Sainte-Maure
1192:
1181:
1053:
1009:William Frank Calderon
986:
800:
581:, written c. 1150) is
575:
566:
494:and her first husband
451:
368:
361:MorgĂȘn y Dylwythen Deg
360:
85:
10049:Family of King Arthur
9989:Fictional astronomers
9203:Cloak of invisibility
8959:Solitary practitioner
8872:Witch-cult hypothesis
6794:Saints and She-Devils
5846:Pyle, Howard (1910).
5604:Pyle, Howard (1905).
4752:10.1353/art.2014.0022
4545:. D.lib.rochester.edu
4265:McGill, Anna (2015).
3852:10.1353/art.1994.0018
3708:Mangle, Josh (2018).
3425:'s English epic poem
3379:'s late-15th-century
3361:George Frederic Watts
3358:
3239:
3059:Ly Myreur des Histors
3045:In the legend of the
2953:Le BĂątard de Bouillon
2876:
2860:better known as just
2846:Thomas III of Saluzzo
2673:
2479:
2069:and the Post-Vulgate
2022:'s illustration from
2014:
1998:
1854:
1847:Family and upbringing
1717:
1673:The Queen of Scotland
1582:
1461:
1350:'). Ulrich's unnamed
1286:
1187:
1148:
984:'s 12th-century poem
790:
557:
550:Etymology and origins
10084:Supernatural legends
10019:Fictional kidnappers
9969:Arthurian characters
9923:Magical organization
9438:Witches of Benevento
8643:Sword of the Valiant
8146:Lynette and Lyonesse
7971:Angharad Golden-Hand
7793:Ambrosius Aurelianus
7586:Hook, David (2015).
7277:Therese SAINT PAUL.
7020:. pp. 355â372.
6761:Silverberg, Robert.
6716:on 23 September 2020
6135:96 (1985), p. 38-56.
5914:10.2307/j.ctv136bvg0
5893:on 25 November 2015.
5044:Arthurian Literature
4878:. Penn State Press.
4154:Trioedd Ynys Prydein
4097:Trioedd Ynys Prydein
4084:Trioedd Ynys Prydein
4068:18 June 2018 at the
4016:Hofeneder, Andreas,
3992:Geoffrey of Monmouth
3990:Curley, Michael J.,
3473:King Arthur's family
3377:Matteo Maria Boiardo
3332:la Dame sans Orgueil
3295:La Bataille Loquifer
3121:La Bataille Loquifer
2973:Guillem de Torroella
2928:by H.J. Ford (1921)
2852:, the fairy Morgan (
2783:, as well as of the
2663:her "dear brother" (
2631:Christian demonology
2545:'s illustration for
2388:Prophéties de Merlin
2367:and the Celtic hero
2253:Prophéties de Merlin
2222:'s affection or how
2162:'s illustration for
2059:Lancelot und Ginevra
2016:Queen Morgana Le Fey
1802:, also known as the
1783:'s illustration for
1757:her unfaithful lover
1517:Geraint son of Erbin
1113:as the chief of the
1061:Geoffrey of Monmouth
982:Geoffrey of Monmouth
895:in his 12th-century
819:. Modron appears in
687:Roger Sherman Loomis
619:; a cognate form in
571:Geoffrey of Monmouth
447:Geoffrey of Monmouth
174:King Arthur's family
93:Geoffrey of Monmouth
30:For other uses, see
10089:Witches in folklore
10074:Mythological queens
10054:Literary archetypes
10014:Fictional goddesses
9999:Fictional immortals
9540:Newes from Scotland
9500:Malleus Maleficarum
8877:Anglo-Saxon England
7253:. The Lindes Press.
7213:Acquah-Dadzie, Kofi
7050:"Cantari arturiani"
6817:The Fairy Mythology
6470:d.lib.rochester.edu
6386:Le chevalier errant
6207:23 (1962), p. 3-16.
5826:d.lib.rochester.edu
5410:d.lib.rochester.edu
4805:Paton, Lucy Allen.
4617:. DS Brewer. 2011.
3369:Italian Renaissance
3328:Floriant et Florete
3309:, derived from the
3299:Floriant et Florete
3194:Cantari di Tristano
3123:, the fays Morgan (
3097:Tristan de Nanteuil
3079:by none other than
2945:The Birth of Arthur
2850:Le Chevalier Errant
2637:, Lancelot rescues
2596:The Death of Arthur
2486:The Death of Arthur
2458:La Mort le Roi Artu
2123:Queen Morgan le Fay
1954:sometimes known as
1950:) and the Queen of
1733:French prose cycles
1708:Henry II of England
1681:Anglo-Norman French
1422:Guingamor's own lai
681:of strife known as
508:the Queen of Orkney
408:from the legend of
265:Various, including
234:Various, including
39:Fictional character
10029:Fictional prophets
9892:Witches in fiction
9880:In popular culture
9454:historic treatises
8535:History portal
8523:England portal
8491:Tristan and Iseult
8486:Knight of the Swan
8086:Guiron le Courtois
8046:Elaine of Corbenic
7976:Anguish of Ireland
7211:Adeleye, Gabriel;
6988:Gawain: A Casebook
6769:on 3 October 2015.
6401:"Claris and Laris"
6259:Jeu de la feuillée
6153:on 3 October 2015.
4946:Les dames du Graal
4588:Merlin: A Casebook
3382:Orlando Innamorato
3365:
3338:). Meanwhile, the
3251:Morgan le Fay, or
3249:
3245:John Macallan Swan
3022:Florambel de Lucea
2822:Jeu de la feuillée
2804:False Trickery".
2712:Arthour and Merlin
2683:
2639:Elaine of Corbenic
2494:
2450:Morgue la dieuesse
2125:, illustration by
2030:
1865:
1830:connected it with
1828:Richard Kieckhefer
1815:Post-Vulgate Cycle
1557:the German version
1468:
1395:Chrétien de Troyes
1296:
1193:
974:Edward Burne-Jones
941:Gervase of Tilbury
915:Speculum ecclesiae
801:
567:
478:Chrétien de Troyes
474:chivalric romances
436:Post-Vulgate Cycle
154:Enchantress, queen
10044:Fictional witches
9956:
9955:
9913:Witch (archetype)
9875:
9874:
9824:
9823:
9150:Sympathetic magic
8977:
8976:
8739:
8738:
8718:The Greene Knight
8543:
8542:
8456:Battle of Camlann
8230:Animal characters
8186:Percival's sister
8036:Elaine of Astolat
7692:Matter of Britain
7635:978-1-137-33298-1
7616:978-1-78453-041-9
7597:978-1-78316-243-7
7578:978-0-549-75664-4
7559:978-0-203-76081-9
7540:978-3-03911-231-9
7521:978-0-7083-1386-2
7400:978-1-84384-365-8
7373:978-0-8020-8915-1
7319:978-1-4766-1242-3
7230:978-0-86516-423-9
7141:978-1-78316-051-8
7115:978-3-11-043246-6
7088:978-1-136-60633-5
7035:978-3-11-043246-6
6998:978-1-136-78351-7
6898:978-0-230-11915-4
6853:978-1-78683-743-1
6827:978-1-365-61978-6
6678:978-84-88333-97-1
6615:978-0-307-82854-5
6548:978-1-136-60633-5
6521:978-1-60925-146-8
6451:978-0-230-11915-4
6369:978-90-04-34109-8
6343:978-0-8122-4843-2
6230:978-1-84384-221-7
6062:978-1-84384-013-8
6035:978-1-57863-024-0
5923:978-1-78744-444-7
5807:978-1-000-03484-4
5765:978-1-84384-230-9
5634:978-1-84384-379-5
5512:978-1-84384-238-5
5371:978-1-84384-234-7
5254:978-1-84384-221-7
5183:978-1-62055-450-0
5065:978-1-84615-611-3
5010:978-0-8337-4733-4
4983:978-0-89281-970-6
4956:978-2-85704-604-2
4929:978-1-61373-210-6
4885:978-0-271-04359-3
4845:978-0-8032-7329-0
4678:978-0-8153-2865-0
4624:978-1-84384-262-0
4598:978-1-135-58340-8
4525:978-1-78028-272-5
4407:on 3 October 2013
4223:978-1-57113-152-2
4186:A Faerie Treasury
4139:978-1-59884-964-6
3560:Richard Cavendish
3428:The Faerie Queene
3409:François Rabelais
3169:La Tavola Ritonda
3063:Jean d'Outremeuse
3030:TristĂĄn de Leonis
3008:begins where the
2932:
2801:Romance languages
2789:Matter of Britain
2660:Le Morte d'Arthur
2591:Le Morte d'Arthur
2577:
2553:
2446:Morgain-la-déesse
2431:. In the Vulgate
2319:c. 1494 or later)
2316:Lancelot en prose
2295:
2141:
2046:Nentres of Garlot
1899:Neutres of Garlot
1863:
1761:Vale of No Return
1712:Duchy of Brittany
1699:Draco Normannicus
1655:De Ortu Waluuanii
1636:Castle of Maidens
1579:, Fairy Murgan):
1440:Celtic Otherworld
1207:off the coast of
1083:Battle of Camlann
1018:Le Morte d'Arthur
857:Celtic Otherworld
730:Brigid of Kildare
718:ĂedĂĄn mac GabrĂĄin
710:historical Arthur
487:Le Morte d'Arthur
470:Battle of Camlann
305:
304:
180:Le Morte d'Arthur
52:Matter of Britain
16:(Redirected from
10096:
10059:Matter of France
10009:Fictional giants
9887:Magic in fiction
9717:Northern Moravia
9671:
9670:
9651:Papua New Guinea
9619:
9618:
9403:Nine sorceresses
9155:Witches' Sabbath
9004:Ceremonial magic
8994:Apotropaic magic
8788:
8787:
8766:
8759:
8752:
8743:
8742:
8731:Pearl Manuscript
8651:The Green Knight
8570:
8563:
8556:
8547:
8546:
8533:
8532:
8531:
8521:
8520:
8519:
8511:Wales portal
8509:
8508:
8507:
8370:Esplumoir Merlin
8176:Nine sorceresses
8156:Mark of Cornwall
8041:Elaine of Benoic
7953:Other characters
7838:Bors the Younger
7733:Elaine of Garlot
7681:
7674:
7667:
7658:
7657:
7639:
7620:
7601:
7582:
7563:
7544:
7525:
7508:Bromwich, Rachel
7493:
7478:
7472:
7471:
7443:
7437:
7430:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7411:
7405:
7404:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7357:
7351:
7350:
7346:978-0-8386-35346
7330:
7324:
7323:
7303:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7292:
7286:Era.lib.ed.ac.uk
7283:
7274:
7268:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7241:
7235:
7234:
7222:
7208:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7126:
7120:
7119:
7099:
7093:
7092:
7072:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7061:
7046:
7040:
7039:
7009:
7003:
7002:
6982:
6976:
6975:
6943:
6937:
6936:
6926:
6920:
6919:
6909:
6903:
6902:
6882:
6876:
6875:
6867:
6858:
6857:
6838:
6832:
6831:
6811:
6805:
6790:
6784:
6777:
6771:
6770:
6765:. Archived from
6758:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6747:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6702:
6696:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6662:
6656:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6626:
6620:
6619:
6599:
6593:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6532:
6526:
6525:
6514:. Weiser Books.
6505:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6480:
6474:
6473:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6435:
6429:
6422:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6397:
6391:
6390:
6380:
6374:
6373:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6327:
6321:
6320:
6300:
6294:
6293:
6273:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6254:
6248:
6241:
6235:
6234:
6214:
6208:
6197:
6191:
6190:
6178:
6172:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6149:. Archived from
6142:
6136:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6102:North, Richard.
6099:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6046:
6040:
6039:
6028:. Weiser Books.
6019:
6013:
6006:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5986:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5963:
5957:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5880:
5871:
5870:
5860:
5854:
5853:
5843:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5791:
5785:
5784:
5776:
5770:
5769:
5749:
5743:
5736:
5730:
5723:
5717:
5710:
5701:
5694:
5688:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5661:
5655:
5648:
5639:
5638:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5601:
5595:
5588:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5552:
5543:
5536:
5530:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5496:
5490:
5483:
5474:
5468:
5462:
5461:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5436:
5430:
5423:
5414:
5413:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5385:
5376:
5375:
5355:
5349:
5342:
5336:
5327:
5321:
5320:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5298:
5292:
5285:
5276:
5275:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5238:
5232:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5141:
5135:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5094:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5038:(January 2008).
5032:
5015:
5014:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4869:
4863:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4829:
4823:
4816:
4810:
4803:
4797:
4790:
4784:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4735:
4729:
4722:
4716:
4709:
4703:
4700:Avalon Revisited
4696:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4662:
4629:
4628:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4582:
4571:
4564:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4539:
4530:
4529:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4454:
4443:
4436:
4430:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4403:. Archived from
4393:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4367:
4350:
4349:
4332:(319): 337â367.
4317:
4286:
4283:Avalon Revisited
4279:
4273:
4272:
4262:
4249:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4196:978-1-8485-06930
4180:
4174:
4173:
4163:
4157:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4100:
4093:
4087:
4080:
4074:
4058:
4052:
4045:
4034:
4027:
4021:
4014:
4008:
4001:
3995:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3956:
3955:
3919:
3910:
3909:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3837:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3812:on 9 August 2017
3811:
3804:
3793:
3744:
3743:
3733:
3718:
3717:
3705:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3674:
3661:
3654:
3648:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3616:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3557:
3551:
3504:
3478:Margot the fairy
3387:Ludovico Ariosto
3212:. Other include
3160:The Merry Maiden
3156:La Pulzella Gaia
3117:chanson de geste
3073:Huon of Bordeaux
3068:chanson de geste
2930:
2922:
2901:
2889:
2862:Claris and Laris
2818:Adam de la Halle
2797:Matter of France
2781:Late Middle Ages
2750:Morgne ĂŸe goddes
2698:Wheel of Fortune
2645:'s treatment of
2575:
2564:
2551:
2534:
2482:La Mort d'Arthur
2413:Mark of Cornwall
2338:Aubrey Beardsley
2330:
2306:
2293:
2282:
2152:
2139:
2119:
1927:Duke of Cornwall
1861:
1774:
1745:
1704:Ătienne de Rouen
1617:Terre de la Joie
1565:Hartmann von Aue
1493:Ywain and Gawain
1381:
1306:Occitan language
1278:Lady of the Lake
1058:
1029:
1000:
991:
978:with her sisters
963:
891:). According to
815:and featured in
714:Artuir mac ĂedĂĄn
663:Celtic mythology
631:Celtic Christian
629:, the name of a
598:Common Brittonic
580:
463:
460:
456:
369:Morgen an Spyrys
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
343:
339:
338:
335:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
297:
289:Kingdom of Gorre
231:
204:Arthur Pendragon
90:
81:First appearance
73:Frederick Sandys
64:
42:
41:
21:
10104:
10103:
10099:
10098:
10097:
10095:
10094:
10093:
9959:
9958:
9957:
9952:
9896:
9871:
9840:
9820:
9782:
9736:Northern Europe
9731:
9700:
9660:
9610:
9453:
9447:
9330:
9324:
9263:Magical weapons
9213:Flying ointment
9164:
9009:Magical formula
8973:
8910:
8857:Greece and Rome
8779:
8770:
8740:
8735:
8700:
8682:
8657:
8622:
8581:
8574:
8544:
8539:
8529:
8527:
8517:
8515:
8505:
8503:
8495:
8461:Dolorous Stroke
8451:Battle of Badon
8439:
8411:
8405:Tintagel Castle
8360:Chapel perilous
8338:Val sans retour
8326:Glastonbury Tor
8302:
8261:
8225:
8076:Green Knight(s)
8001:Black Knight(s)
7986:Balin and Balan
7947:
7819:
7812:
7798:Uther Pendragon
7694:
7685:
7647:
7642:
7636:
7617:
7609:. I.B. Tauris.
7598:
7579:
7560:
7541:
7522:
7502:
7497:
7496:
7479:
7475:
7460:10.2307/2856494
7444:
7440:
7431:
7427:
7419:
7413:
7412:
7408:
7401:
7385:
7381:
7374:
7358:
7354:
7347:
7331:
7327:
7320:
7304:
7300:
7290:
7288:
7281:
7275:
7271:
7262:
7258:
7250:
7242:
7238:
7231:
7209:
7202:
7192:
7190:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7169:
7153:
7149:
7142:
7128:
7127:
7123:
7116:
7100:
7096:
7089:
7073:
7069:
7059:
7057:
7048:
7047:
7043:
7036:
7010:
7006:
6999:
6983:
6979:
6944:
6940:
6927:
6923:
6910:
6906:
6899:
6883:
6879:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6840:
6839:
6835:
6828:
6812:
6808:
6791:
6787:
6778:
6774:
6759:
6755:
6745:
6743:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6719:
6717:
6704:
6703:
6699:
6690:
6686:
6679:
6663:
6659:
6650:
6646:
6627:
6623:
6616:
6605:Tirant Lo Blanc
6600:
6596:
6587:
6583:
6573:
6571:
6560:
6556:
6549:
6533:
6529:
6522:
6506:
6502:
6492:
6490:
6482:
6481:
6477:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6452:
6436:
6432:
6423:
6419:
6409:
6407:
6399:
6398:
6394:
6381:
6377:
6370:
6356:
6355:
6351:
6344:
6328:
6324:
6317:
6301:
6297:
6290:
6274:
6270:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6251:
6242:
6238:
6231:
6215:
6211:
6198:
6194:
6179:
6175:
6162:
6158:
6143:
6139:
6126:
6122:
6112:
6110:
6100:
6096:
6086:
6084:
6074:
6070:
6063:
6047:
6043:
6036:
6020:
6016:
6007:
6003:
5995:
5987:
5980:
5972:
5964:
5960:
5951:
5947:
5924:
5902:
5898:
5881:
5874:
5861:
5857:
5844:
5840:
5830:
5828:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5808:
5792:
5788:
5777:
5773:
5766:
5750:
5746:
5737:
5733:
5724:
5720:
5711:
5704:
5695:
5691:
5682:
5678:
5670:
5662:
5658:
5649:
5642:
5635:
5619:
5615:
5602:
5598:
5589:
5582:
5572:
5570:
5553:
5546:
5537:
5533:
5524:
5520:
5513:
5497:
5493:
5484:
5477:
5471:Arthurian Women
5469:
5465:
5452:
5448:
5437:
5433:
5424:
5417:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5356:
5352:
5343:
5339:
5328:
5324:
5315:
5314:
5310:
5299:
5295:
5286:
5279:
5266:
5262:
5255:
5239:
5235:
5229:Arthurian Women
5227:
5223:
5217:Arthurian Women
5215:
5211:
5203:
5195:
5191:
5184:
5168:
5164:
5154:
5152:
5142:
5138:
5132:Arthurian Women
5130:
5126:
5115:
5111:
5103:
5095:
5080:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5036:Twomey, Michael
5033:
5018:
5011:
5003:. B. Franklin.
4995:
4991:
4984:
4968:
4964:
4957:
4941:
4937:
4930:
4914:
4910:
4897:
4893:
4886:
4870:
4866:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4830:
4826:
4817:
4813:
4804:
4800:
4791:
4787:
4778:
4774:
4764:
4762:
4736:
4732:
4723:
4719:
4710:
4706:
4697:
4693:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4663:
4632:
4625:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4599:
4583:
4574:
4566:Schöning, Udo,
4565:
4558:
4548:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4510:
4506:
4495:
4491:
4478:
4471:
4463:
4455:
4446:
4437:
4433:
4424:
4420:
4410:
4408:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4380:
4378:
4368:
4353:
4318:
4289:
4280:
4276:
4263:
4252:
4235:
4231:
4224:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4181:
4177:
4164:
4160:
4151:
4147:
4140:
4124:
4120:
4107:
4103:
4094:
4090:
4081:
4077:
4070:Wayback Machine
4059:
4055:
4046:
4037:
4029:Faral, Edmond,
4028:
4024:
4015:
4011:
4002:
3998:
3989:
3985:
3972:
3959:
3936:10.2307/2854594
3920:
3913:
3878:
3874:
3864:
3862:
3835:
3829:
3825:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3802:
3794:
3747:
3734:
3721:
3714:Graduate Theses
3706:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3664:
3655:
3651:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3567:
3558:
3554:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3469:
3453:
3447:
3392:Orlando Furioso
3278:Otia Imperialia
3174:The Round Table
3085:Ogier le Danois
3039:La fada Morgana
2994:Tirant lo Blanc
2937:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2902:
2891:
2887:
2881:knight-errantry
2866:Morgane la Faye
2773:
2763:deus ex machina
2706:Roman de Waldef
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2535:
2524:
2441:
2386:as well as the
2361:Val sans Retour
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2331:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2249:Hector de Maris
2236:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2120:
2071:Suite du Merlin
2050:lady-in-waiting
2009:
2004:
1993:Suite du Merlin
1983:(astronomy and
1939:Tintagel Castle
1935:Uther Pendragon
1887:Robert de Boron
1860:
1849:
1836:literary double
1792:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1781:W. H. Margetson
1775:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1746:
1735:
1730:
1588:
1514:Arthurian tale
1498:Owain mab Urien
1418:Marie de France
1356:Mabon ap Modron
1348:Land of Maidens
1344:Old High German
1262:the much later
1247:Orvan the Fairy
1222:fairy godmother
1182:
1141:), and Thiton (
1049:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1001:
993:
992:
964:
953:
945:Morganda Fatata
936:Otia Imperialia
893:Gerald of Wales
829:Owain mab Urien
797:SiedlÄcin Tower
780:and especially
774:Greek mythology
766:Irish mythology
706:Empress Matilda
637:masculine name
552:
500:Uther Pendragon
461:
443:Welsh mythology
340:
332:
315:
311:
300:Tintagel Castle
291:
229:
209:
200:Uther Pendragon
178:
76:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10102:
10092:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9954:
9953:
9951:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9904:
9902:
9898:
9897:
9895:
9894:
9889:
9883:
9881:
9877:
9876:
9873:
9872:
9870:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9848:
9846:
9842:
9841:
9839:
9838:
9832:
9830:
9826:
9825:
9822:
9821:
9819:
9818:
9817:
9816:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9790:
9788:
9787:Western Europe
9784:
9783:
9781:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9739:
9737:
9733:
9732:
9730:
9729:
9724:
9719:
9714:
9708:
9706:
9705:Eastern Europe
9702:
9701:
9699:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9677:
9675:
9668:
9662:
9661:
9659:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9638:
9633:
9627:
9625:
9616:
9612:
9611:
9609:
9608:
9600:
9592:
9584:
9576:
9568:
9560:
9552:
9544:
9536:
9528:
9520:
9512:
9504:
9496:
9488:
9480:
9472:
9464:
9457:
9455:
9449:
9448:
9446:
9445:
9443:Witch of Endor
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9334:
9332:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9322:
9320:Witch's ladder
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9271:
9270:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9194:
9193:
9183:
9178:
9172:
9170:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9126:
9125:
9120:
9115:
9105:
9100:
9095:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9039:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9018:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8985:
8983:
8979:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8950:
8949:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8918:
8916:
8912:
8911:
8909:
8908:
8907:
8906:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8885:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8829:
8828:
8827:
8817:
8816:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8794:
8792:
8785:
8781:
8780:
8769:
8768:
8761:
8754:
8746:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8733:
8728:
8721:
8714:
8708:
8706:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8698:
8690:
8688:
8684:
8683:
8681:
8680:
8673:
8665:
8663:
8659:
8658:
8656:
8655:
8647:
8639:
8630:
8628:
8624:
8623:
8621:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8589:
8587:
8583:
8582:
8573:
8572:
8565:
8558:
8550:
8541:
8540:
8538:
8537:
8525:
8513:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8447:
8445:
8441:
8440:
8438:
8437:
8436:
8435:
8425:
8419:
8417:
8413:
8412:
8410:
8409:
8408:
8407:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8341:
8340:
8330:
8329:
8328:
8318:
8312:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8301:
8300:
8298:Siege Perilous
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8269:
8267:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8259:
8254:
8252:Questing Beast
8249:
8244:
8239:
8233:
8231:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8061:Fisher King(s)
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8011:Bors the Elder
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7957:
7955:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7824:
7822:
7818:Knights of the
7814:
7813:
7811:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7704:
7702:
7696:
7695:
7684:
7683:
7676:
7669:
7661:
7655:
7654:
7646:
7645:External links
7643:
7641:
7640:
7634:
7621:
7615:
7602:
7596:
7583:
7577:
7564:
7558:
7545:
7539:
7526:
7520:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7473:
7454:(1): 170â172.
7438:
7436:, pp. 110â116.
7425:
7406:
7399:
7379:
7372:
7352:
7345:
7325:
7318:
7298:
7269:
7256:
7236:
7229:
7200:
7174:
7167:
7147:
7140:
7121:
7114:
7094:
7087:
7067:
7056:. 11 July 2016
7041:
7034:
7004:
6997:
6977:
6954:(in Italian).
6938:
6921:
6904:
6897:
6877:
6859:
6852:
6833:
6826:
6806:
6785:
6772:
6753:
6727:
6697:
6684:
6677:
6657:
6644:
6621:
6614:
6594:
6581:
6568:rialc.unina.it
6554:
6547:
6527:
6520:
6500:
6475:
6457:
6450:
6430:
6417:
6392:
6375:
6368:
6349:
6342:
6322:
6315:
6295:
6288:
6268:
6249:
6236:
6229:
6209:
6192:
6173:
6156:
6137:
6120:
6094:
6076:Still, Angie.
6068:
6061:
6041:
6034:
6014:
6001:
5978:
5958:
5945:
5922:
5896:
5872:
5855:
5838:
5813:
5806:
5786:
5771:
5764:
5744:
5731:
5718:
5702:
5689:
5676:
5656:
5640:
5633:
5613:
5596:
5580:
5544:
5531:
5518:
5511:
5502:Lancelot-Grail
5491:
5475:
5463:
5446:
5431:
5415:
5397:
5377:
5370:
5350:
5337:
5329:R. S. Loomis,
5322:
5308:
5293:
5277:
5260:
5253:
5233:
5221:
5209:
5189:
5182:
5162:
5136:
5124:
5109:
5078:
5064:
5016:
5009:
4989:
4982:
4962:
4955:
4935:
4928:
4908:
4891:
4884:
4864:
4851:
4844:
4824:
4811:
4798:
4785:
4772:
4730:
4717:
4704:
4691:
4677:
4630:
4623:
4604:
4597:
4572:
4556:
4531:
4524:
4504:
4489:
4469:
4444:
4431:
4418:
4388:
4351:
4287:
4274:
4250:
4229:
4222:
4202:
4195:
4175:
4158:
4156:, pp. 274â275.
4145:
4138:
4129:The Celts: A-H
4118:
4101:
4099:, pp. 449â451.
4088:
4075:
4053:
4035:
4022:
4009:
4005:Celtic Culture
3996:
3983:
3957:
3930:(2): 183â203.
3911:
3892:(313): 47â77.
3872:
3823:
3745:
3719:
3689:
3662:
3658:Celtic Culture
3649:
3636:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3575:
3565:
3552:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3468:
3465:
3449:Main article:
3446:
3445:Modern culture
3443:
3433:Scots language
3423:Edmund Spenser
3401:Bernardo Tasso
3341:Fastnachtspiel
3336:Tavola Ritonda
3281:(c. 1211) and
3218:Tavola Ritonda
3182:Tavola Ritonda
3135:hero Renoart (
3109:John Bourchier
3051:Ogier the Dane
2999:Constantinople
2981:Morguan la fea
2977:Morgan la feya
2924:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2903:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2875:
2854:la fée Morgane
2816:) shows up in
2772:
2769:
2746:Morgue la Faye
2679:Daniel Maclise
2675:Morte D'Arthur
2566:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2547:Madison Cawein
2536:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2440:
2437:
2332:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2311:Dolereuse Gard
2308:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2284:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2235:
2232:
2154:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2121:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2008:
2005:
1997:
1977:the seven arts
1848:
1845:
1804:Lancelot-Grail
1776:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1716:
1642:and mother of
1581:
1522:Erec and Enide
1482:Morgue la sage
1426:Thomas Chestre
1400:Erec and Enide
1382:) queen named
1364:Middle English
1238:Roman de Troie
1201:Pomponius Mela
1151:the air, like
1147:
1129:to her fellow
1087:Insula Pomorum
1048:
1045:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1002:
995:
994:
965:
958:
957:
956:
955:
954:
952:
949:
859:. This evokes
809:mother goddess
754:Pomponius Mela
694:Welsh folklore
607:, survived in
551:
548:
431:Lancelot-Grail
303:
302:
274:
270:
269:
263:
259:
258:
252:Ogier the Dane
232:
225:
224:
215:
211:
210:
208:
207:
206:(half-brother)
202:(stepfather),
176:
162:
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
127:
126:
100:
96:
95:
82:
78:
77:
65:
57:
56:
47:
46:
38:
26:
18:Morgana le Fay
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10101:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9974:Fairy royalty
9972:
9970:
9967:
9966:
9964:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9943:Folk religion
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9905:
9903:
9899:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9878:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9849:
9847:
9843:
9837:
9834:
9833:
9831:
9827:
9815:
9812:
9811:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9791:
9789:
9785:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9734:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9709:
9707:
9703:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9678:
9676:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9663:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9639:
9637:
9634:
9632:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9624:
9620:
9617:
9613:
9606:
9605:
9601:
9598:
9597:
9593:
9590:
9589:
9585:
9582:
9581:
9577:
9574:
9573:
9569:
9566:
9565:
9561:
9558:
9557:
9553:
9550:
9549:
9545:
9542:
9541:
9537:
9534:
9533:
9529:
9526:
9525:
9521:
9518:
9517:
9513:
9510:
9509:
9505:
9502:
9501:
9497:
9494:
9493:
9489:
9486:
9485:
9481:
9478:
9477:
9473:
9470:
9469:
9465:
9462:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9450:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9433:Three Witches
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9393:Morgan le Fay
9391:
9389:
9386:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9346:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9335:
9333:
9327:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9269:
9266:
9265:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9238:Kitchen witch
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9199:
9196:
9192:
9189:
9188:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9167:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9110:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9099:
9096:
9094:
9091:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9023:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9010:
9007:
9006:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8980:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8948:
8945:
8944:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8919:
8917:
8913:
8905:
8902:
8901:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8889:Latin America
8887:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8834:
8833:
8830:
8826:
8823:
8822:
8821:
8818:
8814:
8813:Witch smeller
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8800:
8799:
8796:
8795:
8793:
8789:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8767:
8762:
8760:
8755:
8753:
8748:
8747:
8744:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8726:
8722:
8720:
8719:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8703:
8697:
8696:
8692:
8691:
8689:
8685:
8679:
8678:
8677:The Hollowing
8674:
8672:
8671:
8667:
8666:
8664:
8660:
8653:
8652:
8648:
8645:
8644:
8640:
8637:
8636:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8625:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8613:Morgan le Fay
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8603:Lady Bertilak
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8590:
8588:
8584:
8580:
8579:
8571:
8566:
8564:
8559:
8557:
8552:
8551:
8548:
8536:
8526:
8524:
8514:
8512:
8502:
8501:
8498:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8442:
8434:
8431:
8430:
8429:
8428:List of works
8426:
8424:
8421:
8420:
8418:
8414:
8406:
8403:
8402:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8331:
8327:
8324:
8323:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8313:
8311:
8309:
8305:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8264:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8211:Tegau Eurfron
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8191:Red Knight(s)
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7996:Lady Bertilak
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7954:
7950:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7815:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7783:Morgan le Fay
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7682:
7677:
7675:
7670:
7668:
7663:
7662:
7659:
7652:
7651:Morgan le Fay
7649:
7648:
7637:
7631:
7627:
7622:
7618:
7612:
7608:
7603:
7599:
7593:
7589:
7584:
7580:
7574:
7570:
7565:
7561:
7555:
7551:
7546:
7542:
7536:
7532:
7527:
7523:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7504:
7491:
7490:0-87972-562-1
7487:
7483:
7477:
7469:
7465:
7461:
7457:
7453:
7449:
7442:
7435:
7429:
7422:(in Italian).
7418:
7417:
7410:
7402:
7396:
7392:
7391:
7383:
7375:
7369:
7365:
7364:
7356:
7348:
7342:
7338:
7337:
7329:
7321:
7315:
7312:. McFarland.
7311:
7310:
7302:
7287:
7280:
7273:
7266:
7260:
7249:
7248:
7240:
7232:
7226:
7221:
7220:
7214:
7207:
7205:
7188:
7184:
7178:
7170:
7168:90-420-0363-4
7164:
7160:
7159:
7151:
7143:
7137:
7133:
7132:
7125:
7117:
7111:
7107:
7106:
7098:
7090:
7084:
7081:. Routledge.
7080:
7079:
7071:
7055:
7051:
7045:
7037:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7008:
7000:
6994:
6991:. Routledge.
6990:
6989:
6981:
6973:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6949:
6942:
6934:
6933:
6925:
6917:
6916:
6908:
6900:
6894:
6890:
6889:
6881:
6873:
6866:
6864:
6855:
6849:
6845:
6844:
6837:
6829:
6823:
6819:
6818:
6810:
6803:
6802:0-948695-06-4
6799:
6795:
6789:
6782:
6776:
6768:
6764:
6757:
6741:
6737:
6731:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6701:
6694:
6688:
6680:
6674:
6670:
6669:
6661:
6654:
6648:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6625:
6617:
6611:
6607:
6606:
6598:
6591:
6585:
6569:
6565:
6558:
6550:
6544:
6541:. Routledge.
6540:
6539:
6531:
6523:
6517:
6513:
6512:
6504:
6489:
6485:
6479:
6471:
6467:
6461:
6453:
6447:
6443:
6442:
6434:
6427:
6421:
6406:
6402:
6396:
6388:
6387:
6379:
6371:
6365:
6361:
6360:
6353:
6345:
6339:
6335:
6334:
6326:
6318:
6316:0-8032-9608-8
6312:
6308:
6307:
6299:
6291:
6289:0-8131-7176-8
6285:
6281:
6280:
6272:
6261:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6240:
6232:
6226:
6222:
6221:
6213:
6206:
6202:
6196:
6188:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6166:
6160:
6152:
6148:
6141:
6134:
6130:
6124:
6109:
6105:
6098:
6083:
6079:
6072:
6064:
6058:
6055:. DS Brewer.
6054:
6053:
6045:
6037:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6018:
6011:
6005:
5994:
5993:
5985:
5983:
5971:
5970:
5962:
5955:
5949:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5900:
5892:
5888:
5887:
5879:
5877:
5868:
5867:
5859:
5851:
5850:
5842:
5827:
5823:
5817:
5809:
5803:
5800:. Routledge.
5799:
5798:
5790:
5782:
5775:
5767:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5748:
5741:
5735:
5728:
5722:
5715:
5709:
5707:
5699:
5693:
5686:
5680:
5669:
5668:
5660:
5653:
5647:
5645:
5636:
5630:
5626:
5625:
5617:
5609:
5608:
5600:
5593:
5587:
5585:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5551:
5549:
5541:
5535:
5528:
5522:
5514:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5495:
5488:
5482:
5480:
5472:
5467:
5459:
5458:
5450:
5442:
5435:
5428:
5422:
5420:
5411:
5407:
5401:
5393:
5392:
5384:
5382:
5373:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5354:
5347:
5341:
5334:
5333:
5326:
5318:
5312:
5304:
5297:
5290:
5284:
5282:
5273:
5272:
5264:
5256:
5250:
5246:
5245:
5237:
5230:
5225:
5218:
5213:
5202:
5201:
5193:
5185:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5166:
5151:
5147:
5144:Marxen, Lis.
5140:
5133:
5128:
5120:
5113:
5102:
5101:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5067:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5021:
5012:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4993:
4985:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4966:
4958:
4952:
4949:. Pygmalion.
4948:
4947:
4939:
4931:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4912:
4904:
4903:
4895:
4887:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4868:
4861:
4855:
4847:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4828:
4821:
4815:
4808:
4802:
4795:
4789:
4782:
4776:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4721:
4714:
4708:
4701:
4695:
4680:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4626:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4608:
4600:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4569:
4563:
4561:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4527:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4493:
4485:
4484:
4476:
4474:
4462:
4461:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4441:
4435:
4428:
4422:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4392:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4284:
4278:
4270:
4269:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4247:
4246:0-394-73467-X
4243:
4239:
4233:
4225:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4170:
4162:
4155:
4149:
4141:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4113:
4105:
4098:
4092:
4085:
4079:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4032:
4026:
4019:
4013:
4006:
4000:
3993:
3987:
3979:
3978:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3916:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3888:(in French).
3887:
3883:
3876:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3808:
3801:
3800:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3682:
3681:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3659:
3653:
3646:
3640:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3611:
3589:
3579:
3569:
3561:
3556:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3499:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3089:Roman d'Ogier
3086:
3082:
3081:Julius Caesar
3078:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2927:
2921:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2814:Morgue li fee
2811:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2758:Lady Bertilak
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2724:
2719:known as the
2718:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2689:Morte Arthure
2687:Alliterative
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2586:Thomas Malory
2572:
2571:
2563:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2418:In the Prose
2416:
2414:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2290:
2289:
2281:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2136:
2135:Beatrice Clay
2132:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:Livre d'Artus
2087:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1858:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1801:
1800:Vulgate Cycle
1797:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:John Matthews
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1549:Edern ap Nudd
1546:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1448:Vale Perilous
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:Dame Tryamour
1433:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:fada de Gibel
1307:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1235:'s epic poem
1234:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1189:Morgan le Fay
1186:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:shapeshifting
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Ynys Afallach
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1038:
1034:
1033:Morgan Le Fay
1028:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1013:Thomas Malory
1010:
1006:
999:
990:
989:
983:
979:
975:
971:
970:
962:
948:
946:
942:
938:
937:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
798:
794:
789:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:De situ orbis
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
671:water spirits
668:
664:
661:females from
660:
656:
652:
648:
647:Thomas Malory
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
599:
595:
592:
588:
584:
579:
578:
572:
564:
560:
556:
547:
545:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:
482:
479:
475:
471:
467:
455:
454:
448:
444:
439:
437:
433:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
392:
388:
385:
381:
377:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
352:
309:
308:Morgan le Fay
301:
295:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
271:
268:
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
175:
171:
167:
164:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:
89:
88:
83:
79:
74:
70:
69:
68:Morgan le Fay
63:
58:
54:
53:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
9908:Witch (word)
9857:Witch's mark
9666:Early Modern
9602:
9594:
9586:
9578:
9570:
9564:Daemonologie
9562:
9554:
9546:
9538:
9530:
9522:
9516:Laienspiegel
9514:
9506:
9498:
9490:
9482:
9474:
9466:
9398:Muma PÄdurii
9392:
9329:Folklore and
9300:Sator Square
9253:Magic circle
9248:Magic carpet
9208:Crystal ball
9145:Spiritualism
8969:Witch doctor
8852:Cunning folk
8723:
8716:
8693:
8675:
8668:
8649:
8641:
8633:
8612:
8593:Green Knight
8576:
8466:Loathly lady
8423:Bibliography
8257:Twrch Trwyth
8006:Blanchefleur
7782:
7625:
7606:
7587:
7568:
7549:
7530:
7511:
7500:Bibliography
7481:
7476:
7451:
7447:
7441:
7434:Shapeshifter
7433:
7428:
7415:
7409:
7389:
7382:
7362:
7355:
7335:
7328:
7308:
7301:
7289:. Retrieved
7285:
7272:
7264:
7263:Larrington,
7259:
7246:
7239:
7218:
7191:. Retrieved
7189:(in Italian)
7186:
7177:
7157:
7150:
7130:
7124:
7104:
7097:
7077:
7070:
7058:. Retrieved
7053:
7044:
7017:
7007:
6987:
6980:
6958:(1): 70â79.
6955:
6951:
6941:
6931:
6924:
6914:
6907:
6891:. Springer.
6887:
6880:
6842:
6836:
6820:. Lulu.com.
6816:
6809:
6793:
6788:
6780:
6779:Larrington,
6775:
6767:the original
6756:
6744:. Retrieved
6742:(in Spanish)
6740:docplayer.es
6739:
6730:
6718:. Retrieved
6714:the original
6709:
6700:
6692:
6687:
6667:
6660:
6652:
6647:
6639:the original
6634:
6624:
6604:
6597:
6589:
6584:
6572:. Retrieved
6570:(in Catalan)
6567:
6557:
6537:
6530:
6510:
6503:
6491:. Retrieved
6487:
6478:
6469:
6460:
6444:. Springer.
6440:
6433:
6425:
6420:
6408:. Retrieved
6404:
6395:
6385:
6378:
6358:
6352:
6332:
6325:
6305:
6298:
6278:
6271:
6265:(in French).
6258:
6252:
6244:
6239:
6219:
6212:
6204:
6200:
6195:
6187:ResearchGate
6186:
6176:
6168:
6164:
6159:
6151:the original
6140:
6132:
6128:
6123:
6111:. Retrieved
6108:Academia.edu
6107:
6097:
6085:. Retrieved
6082:Academia.edu
6081:
6071:
6051:
6044:
6024:
6017:
6009:
6004:
5991:
5968:
5961:
5953:
5952:Larrington,
5948:
5932:j.ctv136bvg0
5905:
5899:
5891:the original
5885:
5865:
5858:
5848:
5841:
5829:. Retrieved
5825:
5816:
5796:
5789:
5774:
5754:
5747:
5739:
5738:Larrington,
5734:
5726:
5725:Larrington,
5721:
5713:
5712:Larrington,
5697:
5696:Larrington,
5692:
5685:Shapeshifter
5684:
5679:
5666:
5659:
5654:, pp. 42â43.
5651:
5650:Larrington,
5623:
5616:
5606:
5599:
5591:
5590:Larrington,
5571:. Retrieved
5557:
5540:Shapeshifter
5539:
5534:
5526:
5525:Larrington,
5521:
5501:
5494:
5486:
5485:Larrington,
5470:
5466:
5456:
5449:
5434:
5427:Shapeshifter
5426:
5409:
5400:
5390:
5360:
5353:
5345:
5344:Larrington,
5340:
5331:
5325:
5311:
5296:
5288:
5287:Larrington,
5270:
5263:
5243:
5236:
5228:
5224:
5216:
5212:
5199:
5192:
5172:
5165:
5153:. Retrieved
5149:
5139:
5131:
5127:
5118:
5112:
5099:
5069:. Retrieved
5047:
5043:
4999:
4992:
4972:
4965:
4945:
4938:
4918:
4911:
4901:
4894:
4874:
4867:
4859:
4858:Larrington,
4854:
4834:
4827:
4819:
4814:
4806:
4801:
4794:Shapeshifter
4793:
4788:
4780:
4779:Larrington,
4775:
4763:. Retrieved
4743:
4733:
4726:Shapeshifter
4725:
4720:
4715:, pp. 73â75.
4712:
4707:
4699:
4694:
4682:. Retrieved
4667:
4613:
4607:
4587:
4567:
4547:. Retrieved
4514:
4507:
4492:
4482:
4459:
4439:
4438:Larrington,
4434:
4427:Shapeshifter
4426:
4421:
4409:. Retrieved
4405:the original
4400:
4391:
4379:. Retrieved
4375:
4329:
4325:
4282:
4277:
4267:
4237:
4232:
4212:
4205:
4185:
4178:
4168:
4161:
4153:
4148:
4132:. ABC-CLIO.
4128:
4121:
4111:
4104:
4096:
4091:
4083:
4078:
4061:
4056:
4048:
4030:
4025:
4017:
4012:
4004:
4003:Koch, John,
3999:
3991:
3986:
3976:
3927:
3923:
3889:
3885:
3875:
3865:19 September
3863:. Retrieved
3843:
3839:
3826:
3814:. Retrieved
3807:the original
3798:
3738:
3713:
3679:
3657:
3656:Koch, John,
3652:
3644:
3639:
3627:. Retrieved
3623:
3614:
3588:
3578:
3568:
3555:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3454:
3436:
3426:
3418:
3412:
3404:
3390:
3380:
3366:
3345:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3282:
3276:
3273:Fata Morgana
3253:Fata Morgana
3252:
3250:
3240:
3233:, c. 1494).
3230:
3226:
3223:Ponzela Gaia
3222:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:) bring the
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3026:fada Morgana
3025:
3021:
3009:
3005:
2992:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2952:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2925:
2908:
2886:
2877:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2833:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2774:
2761:
2749:
2745:
2742:Green Knight
2735:
2733:
2723:Morte Arthur
2722:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2702:Anglo-Norman
2688:
2684:
2674:
2665:dere brothir
2664:
2659:
2650:
2634:
2618:
2606:
2604:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2568:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2490:James Archer
2485:
2481:
2480:A detail of
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2432:
2428:
2419:
2417:
2407:
2403:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2372:
2356:
2346:
2333:
2314:
2286:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2237:
2209:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2167:
2155:
2130:
2122:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2037:
2031:
2023:
2015:
1999:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1947:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1856:
1841:loathly lady
1824:
1813:-influenced
1809:
1793:
1784:
1777:
1751:
1720:
1718:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1678:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1629:
1621:Jean Markale
1616:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1583:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1544:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:Middle Welsh
1509:
1502:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1463:
1435:
1429:
1411:
1398:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1368:
1339:
1325:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1288:Henry Fuseli
1263:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1230:
1226:Vita Merlini
1225:
1218:R. S. Loomis
1194:
1188:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1149:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1110:
1107:Vita Merlini
1106:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1074:
1068:
1055:Vita Merlini
1050:
1032:
1016:
1004:
1003:A detail of
988:Vita Merlini
967:
966:A detail of
944:
934:
926:
914:
906:
896:
888:
884:
880:
873:
845:Morcant Bulc
802:
791:Morgan with
761:
757:
749:
745:
734:Vita Merlini
733:
691:
683:the MorrĂgan
659:supernatural
650:
642:
635:Modern Welsh
624:
616:
612:
609:Middle Welsh
604:
600:
593:
582:
577:Vita Merlini
568:
559:Fata Morgana
558:
540:
485:
483:
453:Vita Merlini
440:
429:
401:
397:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
375:
372:
307:
306:
228:Significant
179:
170:Vita Merlini
169:
108:the MorrĂgan
87:Vita Merlini
66:
50:
36:
9615:Persecution
9484:Formicarius
9428:Spearfinger
9368:Elbow witch
9268:Magic sword
9233:Julleuchter
9218:Goofer dust
9160:White magic
9073:Incantation
8999:Black magic
8954:Renaissance
8922:Chaos magic
8894:Middle East
8825:Philippines
8712:Gawain Poet
8375:Joyous Gard
8333:Brocéliande
8293:Round Table
8121:Leodegrance
8091:Gwenhwyfach
7820:Round Table
7718:Constantine
7688:King Arthur
7484:pp. 24â32.
7187:treccani.it
6952:Scriptorium
6113:7 September
6087:7 September
5573:2 September
5231:, p. 70-71.
5155:7 September
5134:, p. 69-70.
5071:7 September
4765:7 September
4381:7 September
3459:, spanning
3421:(1591). In
3367:During the
3014:necromancer
2905:Dora Curtis
2870:Brocéliande
2810:Dame Morgue
2793:Charlemagne
2785:Renaissance
2696:) with the
2611:black magic
2607:nigremancie
2537:Morgan and
2499:Round Table
2392:Belle Garde
2369:CĂș Chulainn
2206:North Wales
2179:grant hayne
2164:Andrew Lang
2127:Dora Curtis
2020:Howard Pyle
1918:version of
1916:Huth-Merlin
1908:Perceforest
1832:Norse magic
1431:Sir Launfal
1352:fairy queen
1304:, an early
1265:Perceforest
1251:Orva la fée
1205:Ăle de Sein
1197:Virgin Mary
1073:(1136). In
911:Glastonbury
903:King Arthur
877:fairy queen
821:Welsh Triad
813:Dea Matrona
742:Ăle de Sein
702:hagiography
605:*Mori-genos
563:Giambologna
524:Round Table
506:'s mother,
462: 1150
410:King Arthur
406:enchantress
292: [
281:Broceliande
198:(sisters),
190:(parents),
166:Her sisters
9963:Categories
9928:Maleficium
9852:Witch-hunt
9656:Witch camp
9315:Witch ball
9258:Magic ring
9243:Love charm
9098:Necromancy
9093:Moon magic
9088:Mediumship
9083:Love magic
9068:Gray magic
9048:Divination
8847:Benandanti
8777:witchcraft
8662:Literature
8586:Characters
8278:Holy Grail
8247:Petitcrieu
7828:Bagdemagus
7193:14 January
7161:. Rodopi.
7060:14 January
6564:"La faula"
6493:1 February
5831:1 February
4744:Arthuriana
4152:Bromwich,
4082:Bromwich,
3840:Arthuriana
3601:References
3457:modern era
3397:Demogorgon
3307:Montegibel
3265:Mount Etna
3149:Cath Palug
2985:Holy Grail
2615:necromancy
2257:Prophéties
2160:H. J. Ford
2073:(the Huth
2036:of Gorre (
1981:astronomie
1819:Cistercian
1796:Old French
1603:Brangepart
1526:Morgan Tud
1487:Ivens saga
1409:Breton lai
1388:Margan(te)
1322:magic ring
1314:Mount Etna
1243:Trojan War
1171:), now at
1163:), now at
943:calls her
921:and their
869:TĂr na nĂg
831:(son) and
827:are named
811:figure of
750:Gallizenae
746:Gallisenae
601:*Mori-genÄ
591:Old Breton
426:antagonist
151:Occupation
9829:Classical
9348:Baba Yaga
9331:mythology
9140:Spiritism
9130:Sex magic
9108:Shamanism
9103:Occultism
9058:Evocation
9053:Entheogen
9031:Damnation
8982:Practices
8608:Guinevere
8481:Pendragon
8273:Excalibur
8242:Gringolet
8216:Vortigern
8151:Maleagant
8126:Lohengrin
8021:Brunor(s)
8016:Brangaine
7938:Sagramore
7928:Pellinore
7918:Palamedes
7763:Guinevere
7758:Gingalain
7416:La caccia
6972:0036-9772
6695:, p. 289.
6655:, p. 184.
6592:, p. 155.
6428:, p. 108.
6247:, p. 148.
5940:166203958
5542:, p. 170.
5050:: 67â92.
4760:161664560
4702:, p. 135.
4549:1 January
4411:1 January
4346:0035-8029
4285:, p. 134.
4086:, p. 195.
3952:161308783
3906:0035-8029
3860:162377628
3606:Citations
3438:Greysteil
3419:La caccia
3405:L'Amadigi
3303:Montgibel
3287:Provençal
3141:Rainouart
3010:Mort Artu
3006:Arderique
3003:Castilian
2989:Valencian
2842:Wild Hunt
2830:Hellequin
2754:trickster
2721:Stanzaic
2717:Mort Artu
2656:Wasteland
2543:Eric Pape
2503:Mort Artu
2466:Mort Artu
2094:Bertolais
1985:astrology
1763:(c. 1480)
1725:Antipodes
1649:Diu CrĂŽne
1573:FeimurgĂąn
1542:Old Irish
1444:Guinevere
1294:(c. 1788)
1127:astronomy
1103:Excalibur
744:) called
722:DĂĄl Riata
641:(spelled
621:Old Irish
587:Old Welsh
565:(c. 1574)
528:Guinevere
457:(written
102:Possibly
55:character
9862:Pricking
9773:Scotland
9696:Virginia
9686:New York
9681:Maryland
9674:Americas
9423:Sorginak
9413:Pasiphaë
9305:Talisman
9275:Mojo bag
9223:Grimoire
9118:Regional
9063:Familiar
9026:Anathema
8942:Neopagan
8937:Medieval
8842:Akelarre
8416:In media
8400:Tintagel
8390:Lyonesse
8365:Corbenic
8355:Celliwig
8345:Caerleon
8206:Taliesin
8161:Meliodas
8096:Hellawes
8056:Feirefiz
8026:Catigern
7966:Agrestes
7933:Percival
7898:Lancelot
7878:Galehaut
7833:Bedivere
7788:Morgause
7708:Agravain
7690:and the
7510:(1963).
7448:Speculum
7432:Hebert,
7267:, p. 93.
6783:, p. 94.
6710:dBalears
6169:Speculum
6133:Folklore
5956:, p. 16.
5742:, p. 24.
5729:, p. 45.
5716:, p. 83.
5700:, p. 88.
5687:, p. 69.
5683:Hebert,
5594:, p. 13.
5567:Archived
5538:Hebert,
5529:, p. 36.
5489:, p. 33.
5429:, p. 71.
5425:Hebert,
5348:, p. 15.
5291:, p. 41.
5150:Academia
4862:, p. 11.
4796:, p. 44.
4792:Hebert,
4783:, p. 40.
4728:, p. 47.
4724:Hebert,
4429:, p. 43.
4425:Hebert,
4376:Academia
4066:Archived
4051:, p. 95.
3924:Speculum
3846:: 1â18.
3645:Romania
3467:See also
3283:La faula
3214:Lasencis
3196:group's
3137:Renouart
3099:and the
3047:Paladins
3034:rondalla
2991:romance
2969:La faula
2834:Hellekin
2729:Bedivere
2635:Lancelot
2516:La Faula
2470:Sagramor
2365:MorrĂgan
2357:Lancelot
2263:such as
2261:chivalry
2228:Hercules
2224:Deianira
2199:Manessen
2191:scabbard
2106:Lancelot
2102:fol amor
2067:Lancelot
1960:Agravain
1956:Morgause
1895:Tintagel
1752:Lancelot
1750:Vulgate
1694:Morganis
1690:Morgayne
1640:King Lot
1608:Parzival
1577:FĂąmurgĂąn
1413:Guigemar
1405:Guigomar
1340:merfeine
1336:Lancelot
1327:Lanzelet
1209:Brittany
1165:Chartres
1153:Daedalus
1119:Taliesin
1099:Historia
1075:Historia
907:Morganis
849:Afallach
837:romances
793:Lancelot
536:Lancelot
434:and the
262:Children
244:Lancelot
192:Morgause
99:Based on
9901:Related
9845:Related
9763:Iceland
9758:Finland
9753:England
9748:Denmark
9712:Hungary
9408:Obayifo
9338:Agamede
9295:Potions
9228:Incense
9169:Objects
8989:Animism
8964:Warlock
8899:Oceania
8882:Britain
8705:Related
8618:Caradoc
8350:Camelot
8316:Astolat
8288:Prydwen
8283:Pridwen
8266:Objects
8171:Nentres
8116:Laudine
8101:Hengist
8081:Guiomar
8071:Gorlois
8031:Claudas
7981:Annowre
7961:Accolon
7943:Tristan
7923:Pelleas
7913:Moriaen
7893:Lamorak
7888:Griflet
7883:Geraint
7873:Galahad
7868:Dinadan
7858:Dagonet
7853:Caradoc
7778:Mordred
7768:Igraine
7743:Gaheris
7723:Culhwch
7468:2856494
7291:5 March
6746:9 March
6720:9 March
6424:PĂ©rez,
6012:, p. 3.
6008:PĂ©rez,
4905:. Ginn.
4711:PĂ©rez,
4698:Faedo,
4442:, p. 8.
4326:Romania
4281:Faedo,
4047:PĂ©rez,
3944:2854594
3886:Romania
3816:18 June
3540:moruein
3536:morgain
3524:orueins
3520:ornains
3461:fantasy
3210:Galahad
3190:cantari
3164:Galvano
3145:Corbans
3133:Saracen
3129:Marrion
3105:Mabrien
3093:Auberon
3055:Meurvin
2965:Catalan
2957:Red Sea
2941:Dioneta
2694:Fortuna
2627:"white"
2573:(1909)
2539:Accolon
2429:Tristan
2424:Lamorak
2420:Tristan
2408:Hemison
2404:Tristan
2396:Tristan
2384:Tristan
2373:Charyot
2291:(1905)
2269:Claudas
2187:Accolon
2137:(1905)
2079:Camelot
2055:Guiomar
1973:convent
1964:Gaheris
1948:Blasine
1931:Gorlois
1891:Igraine
1873:Morgain
1869:Morgane
1859:(1908)
1810:Tristan
1593:Marguel
1569:gotinne
1553:Geraint
1530:Gereint
1384:Argante
1360:Layamon
1318:Griflet
1255:*Morgua
1169:Carnoti
1161:Brisiti
1135:nymphae
1081:at the
1079:Mordred
919:Britons
889:gotinne
833:Morfydd
738:Gaulish
679:goddess
667:Morgens
643:Morcant
626:Muirgen
532:Accolon
504:Mordred
496:Gorlois
492:Igraine
414:goddess
391:Morgant
380:Morgain
365:Cornish
285:Camelot
240:Guiomar
236:Accolon
218:Nentres
188:Gorlois
184:Igraine
135:Species
10064:Merlin
9814:Basque
9799:Geneva
9794:France
9778:Sweden
9768:Norway
9743:Baltic
9727:Russia
9722:Poland
9623:Modern
9607:(1751)
9599:(1647)
9591:(1627)
9583:(1608)
9575:(1599)
9567:(1597)
9559:(1595)
9551:(1593)
9543:(1591)
9535:(1584)
9527:(1563)
9519:(1509)
9511:(1489)
9503:(1487)
9495:(1484)
9487:(1475)
9479:(1440)
9471:(1376)
9418:Sebile
9373:Hecate
9343:Aradia
9290:Poppet
9285:Nkondi
9198:Censer
9181:Athame
9176:Amulet
9135:Sigils
9123:Yellow
8932:Hoodoo
8927:Goetia
8904:MÄkutu
8832:Europe
8803:Azande
8798:Africa
8791:Region
8695:Gawain
8654:(2021)
8646:(1984)
8638:(1973)
8598:Gawain
8444:Topics
8433:comics
8395:Sarras
8385:Logres
8321:Avalon
8308:Places
8237:Cavall
8201:Sebile
8196:Rience
8166:Merlin
8141:Lunete
8136:Lucius
8106:Iseult
7908:Lionel
7903:Lanval
7863:Daniel
7848:CligĂšs
7843:Brunor
7753:Gawain
7748:Gareth
7700:Family
7632:
7613:
7594:
7575:
7556:
7537:
7518:
7488:
7466:
7397:
7370:
7343:
7316:
7227:
7165:
7138:
7112:
7085:
7032:
6995:
6970:
6895:
6850:
6824:
6800:
6691:Hook,
6675:
6651:Hook,
6612:
6588:Hook,
6574:3 July
6545:
6518:
6448:
6410:3 June
6366:
6340:
6313:
6286:
6243:Hook,
6227:
6059:
6032:
5938:
5930:
5920:
5804:
5762:
5631:
5509:
5368:
5251:
5180:
5062:
5007:
4980:
4953:
4926:
4882:
4842:
4758:
4684:24 May
4675:
4621:
4595:
4522:
4344:
4244:
4220:
4193:
4136:
3950:
3942:
3904:
3858:
3629:12 May
3548:moranz
3546:, and
3532:ornais
3528:oruain
3373:Roland
3363:(1865)
3350:Cyprus
3311:Arabic
3291:Jaufre
3269:mirage
3257:Sicily
3247:(1905)
3202:Astore
3125:Morgue
3107:, and
3077:Oberon
2949:Iberia
2911:(1905)
2838:Faerie
2681:(1857)
2651:Merlin
2647:Scylla
2619:Uriens
2507:Queste
2492:(1860)
2433:Queste
2400:Isolde
2340:(1893)
2245:Sedile
2241:Sebile
2215:mantle
2195:Uwayne
2170:(1902)
2086:Merlin
2075:Merlin
2063:Merlin
2042:Rheged
2028:(1903)
1989:Merlin
1968:Gareth
1952:Orkney
1944:Elaine
1920:Merlin
1903:Merlin
1882:Merlin
1877:Morgue
1808:Prose
1644:Gawain
1538:Breton
1504:Tyolet
1466:(1888)
1301:Jaufre
1274:Zephir
1259:Hector
1143:Thetis
1139:Thitis
1111:Morgen
1091:Avalon
1065:Merlin
1039:(1880)
905:named
885:déesse
861:Avalon
805:Modron
770:FrĂĄech
651:la fée
639:Morgan
617:Morien
613:Moryen
594:Morgen
583:Morgen
520:Merlin
466:Avalon
402:Morgue
400:, and
373:Morgan
277:Avalon
256:Sebile
248:Merlin
214:Spouse
196:Elaine
159:Family
146:Female
143:Gender
124:others
104:Modron
75:, 1864
45:Morgan
9948:Adept
9809:Spain
9804:Italy
9691:Salem
9646:Nepal
9641:India
9452:Major
9388:Medea
9383:Kalku
9363:Drude
9358:Dayan
9353:Circe
9280:Nkisi
9191:besom
9186:Broom
9113:Black
9043:Demon
9021:Curse
9016:Coven
8947:Wicca
8867:Völva
8862:SeiĂ°r
8837:Italy
8808:Ghana
8784:Types
8773:Magic
8687:Opera
8221:Yniol
8181:Olwen
8066:Garel
8051:Enide
7808:Yvain
7803:Urien
7728:Ector
7713:Cador
7464:JSTOR
7420:(PDF)
7282:(PDF)
7251:(PDF)
6263:(PDF)
6167:" in
5996:(PDF)
5973:(PDF)
5936:S2CID
5928:JSTOR
5671:(PDF)
5204:(PDF)
5104:(PDF)
4756:S2CID
4464:(PDF)
3948:S2CID
3940:JSTOR
3856:S2CID
3836:(PDF)
3810:(PDF)
3803:(PDF)
3684:(PDF)
3544:moran
3494:Notes
3488:Medea
3435:poem
2967:poem
2844:. In
2826:Arras
2795:(the
2791:) or
2643:Circe
2623:Nimue
2488:) by
2220:Jason
2210:Suite
2183:Suite
2129:from
2098:Suite
2034:Urien
1625:later
1545:tuath
1534:Welsh
1478:Yvain
1379:aluen
1374:elfen
1366:poem
1358:. In
1213:Gauls
1177:Papie
1173:Pavia
1157:Brest
1131:nymph
923:bards
865:Niamh
855:", a
853:Annwn
841:Yvain
825:Urien
782:Medea
778:Circe
726:druid
675:Dahut
655:fairy
653:'the
516:Yvain
512:Urien
422:witch
395:Morge
357:Welsh
296:]
267:Ywain
230:other
222:Urien
172:) or
120:Niamh
116:Medea
112:Circe
9378:Huld
9310:Wand
9078:Jinn
9036:Jinx
8915:Form
8820:Asia
8775:and
8627:Film
7738:Hoel
7630:ISBN
7611:ISBN
7592:ISBN
7573:ISBN
7554:ISBN
7535:ISBN
7516:ISBN
7486:ISBN
7395:ISBN
7368:ISBN
7341:ISBN
7314:ISBN
7293:2022
7225:ISBN
7195:2019
7163:ISBN
7136:ISBN
7110:ISBN
7083:ISBN
7062:2019
7030:ISBN
6993:ISBN
6968:ISSN
6893:ISBN
6848:ISBN
6822:ISBN
6798:ISBN
6748:2019
6722:2019
6673:ISBN
6610:ISBN
6576:2018
6543:ISBN
6516:ISBN
6495:2019
6446:ISBN
6412:2018
6364:ISBN
6338:ISBN
6311:ISBN
6284:ISBN
6225:ISBN
6115:2015
6089:2015
6057:ISBN
6030:ISBN
5918:ISBN
5833:2019
5802:ISBN
5760:ISBN
5629:ISBN
5575:2024
5507:ISBN
5366:ISBN
5249:ISBN
5178:ISBN
5157:2015
5073:2015
5060:ISBN
5005:ISBN
4978:ISBN
4951:ISBN
4924:ISBN
4880:ISBN
4840:ISBN
4835:Erec
4767:2015
4686:2010
4673:ISBN
4619:ISBN
4593:ISBN
4551:2015
4520:ISBN
4413:2015
4383:2015
4342:ISSN
4242:ISBN
4218:ISBN
4191:ISBN
4134:ISBN
3902:ISSN
3867:2015
3818:2018
3631:2019
3512:orna
3508:orua
3293:and
3178:fate
2779:and
2777:High
2600:Gaul
2511:Mort
2509:and
2353:foil
2313:." (
2267:and
2265:Mark
2038:Gore
1966:and
1661:Doon
1561:Erec
1510:The
1452:Erec
748:(or
700:and
420:, a
416:, a
384:Morg
273:Home
194:and
186:and
8131:Lot
7991:Ban
7773:Kay
7456:doi
7022:doi
6960:doi
6203:."
5910:doi
5052:doi
4748:doi
4334:doi
3932:doi
3894:doi
3848:doi
3516:oua
3403:'s
3305:or
3243:by
3020:'s
2848:'s
2677:by
2541:in
2336:by
2166:'s
2133:by
1912:fée
1875:or
1559:of
1536:or
1434:as
1428:'s
1416:by
1362:'s
1342:in
1298:In
1290:'s
1145:).
1089:),
1035:by
1007:by
972:by
881:dea
623:is
615:or
611:as
589:or
573:'s
476:by
449:in
418:fay
323:ÉËr
220:or
91:by
71:by
9965::
7462:.
7452:40
7450:.
7284:.
7203:^
7185:.
7052:.
7028:.
7016:.
6966:.
6956:13
6950:.
6862:^
6738:.
6708:.
6633:.
6566:.
6486:.
6468:.
6403:.
6185:.
6131:.
6106:.
6080:.
5981:^
5934:.
5926:.
5916:.
5875:^
5824:.
5705:^
5643:^
5583:^
5565:.
5547:^
5478:^
5418:^
5408:.
5380:^
5280:^
5148:.
5081:^
5058:.
5048:25
5046:.
5042:.
5019:^
4754:.
4746:.
4742:.
4633:^
4575:^
4559:^
4534:^
4472:^
4447:^
4399:.
4374:.
4354:^
4340:.
4330:80
4328:.
4324:.
4290:^
4253:^
4038:^
3960:^
3946:.
3938:.
3928:20
3926:.
3914:^
3900:.
3890:79
3884:.
3854:.
3842:.
3838:.
3748:^
3722:^
3712:.
3692:^
3665:^
3622:.
3542:,
3538:,
3534:,
3530:,
3526:,
3522:,
3518:,
3514:,
3510:,
3352:.
3139:,
2979:,
2971:,
2907:,
2812:,
2748:,
2731:.
2448:,
2158:,
2018:,
1962:,
1901:.
1871:,
1688:.
1571:)
1420:.
1280:.
887:,
883:,
712:,
459:c.
393:,
389:,
387:ne
382:,
378:,
367::
363:;
359::
355:;
348:eÉȘ
329:Én
298:,
294:fr
287:,
283:,
279:,
254:,
250:,
246:,
242:,
238:,
182::
122:,
118:,
114:,
110:,
106:,
8765:e
8758:t
8751:v
8569:e
8562:t
8555:v
7680:e
7673:t
7666:v
7638:.
7619:.
7600:.
7581:.
7562:.
7543:.
7524:.
7492:.
7470:.
7458::
7403:.
7376:.
7349:.
7322:.
7295:.
7233:.
7197:.
7144:.
7118:.
7091:.
7064:.
7038:.
7024::
7001:.
6974:.
6962::
6901:.
6830:.
6804:.
6750:.
6724:.
6681:.
6618:.
6578:.
6551:.
6524:.
6497:.
6472:.
6454:.
6414:.
6233:.
6189:.
6117:.
6091:.
6038:.
5942:.
5912::
5835:.
5637:.
5577:.
5515:.
5374:.
5257:.
5159:.
5054::
4959:.
4932:.
4888:.
4848:.
4769:.
4750::
4688:.
4627:.
4601:.
4553:.
4415:.
4385:.
4348:.
4336::
4248:.
4199:.
4142:.
4115:.
3954:.
3934::
3908:.
3896::
3869:.
3850::
3844:4
3820:.
3716:.
3633:.
3550:.
3344:(
3318:(
3229:(
3172:(
3158:(
2832:(
2594:(
2484:(
2460:(
2444:(
2243:(
1946:(
1575:(
1376:(
1249:(
1175:(
1167:(
1159:(
1133:(
760:(
398:n
376:a
351:/
345:f
342:Ë
337:É
334:l
326:ÉĄ
320:m
317:Ë
314:/
310:(
168:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.