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songs called "Khoosloh" to heal the mother camel's stress and encourage her to re-adopt her calf. While re-adoption in animal husbandry practice is widely used in various nomadic civilizations worldwide, uniquely for
Mongolian Gobi herders, only this instrument is used with camels. If a mother camel dies after giving birth to a calf, the herder would use this Khoosloh technique alongside Morin Khuur melodies to encourage another mother camel who has her own calf to adopt the new one. The practice is well documented in the documentary called
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813:), Engl. "University of Arts and Culture". Here, students enter in adult age for obtaining a bachelor's degree after 2 years and a master's degree after 5 years of musical education. After the master's degree, the students are considered to be professional musicians, and can play at one of the state ensembles or later become a teacher at the SUIS.
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direction changes, the right hand moves a little bit in advance to the opposite direction to avoid scratchy sounds and for achieving a better voice. When pushing the bow the hand closes a little bit in direction of a fist, when pulling it the hand opens - nearly to a right angle between the arm and the fingers.
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During the winter time, but also at the beginning of the spring time, a morin khuur player is called in for the "жавар үргээх", the "ceremony for scaring away the frost". In general, many traditional pieces are played, divided in the different styles: "уртын дуу", "urtiin duu" (long song), "магтаал",
794:
On the contemporary Morin Khuur the deep string is placed at the right side and the high string is placed at the left side, seen from the front of the instrument. The Igil has the opposite placement of strings, so a player has to adapt in order to play pieces made for the other one. For contemporary
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Nearly all of the
Mongolian style pieces are in F minor, and often the instrument is tuned 1-2 notes lower for coming closer to the tunes used in the deep past. The instruments in the pre-socialist era of Mongolia were usually covered with skin, which mostly doesn't allow the Bb and F tune - usually
730:
Some parts of the bowing technique is unique - the little and the ring finger of the right hand usually touch the bow hair, which is used for setting accents. The other two fingers maintain a slight pressure on the strings. A common technique with other string instruments is the "Kist". When the bow
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wooden-framed sound box to which two strings are attached. It is held nearly upright with the sound box in the musician's lap or between the musician's legs. The strings are made from hairs from nylon or horses' tails, strung parallel, and run over a wooden bridge on the body up a long neck, past a
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A beginner-grade morin khuur typically features a pine top with birch or laminated back and sides. In contrast, player-grade morin khuur is crafted from higher quality tonewoods, such as spruce for the top and birch for the back and sides. Some instruments, particularly those intended for classical
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The morin khuur is the national instrument in
Mongolia. Many festivals are held for celebrating the importance of this instrument on the Mongolian culture, like the biannual "International Morin Huur Festival and Competition", which is organized by the "World Morinhuur Association". First held in
529:
Another legend credits the invention of the morin khuur to a boy named Sükhe (or Suho). After a wicked lord slew the boy's prized white horse, the horse's spirit came to Sükhe in a dream and instructed him to make an instrument from the horse's body, so the two could still be together and neither
525:
One legend about the origin of the morin khuur is that a shepherd named Namjil the Cuckoo (or Khuhuu Namjil) received the gift of a flying horse; he would mount it at night and fly to meet his beloved. A jealous woman had the horse's wings cut off so that the horse fell from the air and died. The
906:
In the
Mongolian Gobi herder's daily life, the Morin Khuur has another important use. When a mother camel gives birth to a calf, sometimes she rejects her calf due to various natural stress situations. Mongolian camel herders use Morin Khuur-based melodies alongside special low-harmonic types of
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The modern standard height is 1.15 m (3 ft 9 in); the distance between the upper bridge and the lower bridge is about 60 cm (24 in), but the upper bridge especially can be adapted to match smaller player's fingers. The sound box usually has a depth of 8–9 cm
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2008, second in 2010 - with 8 participating countries (Mongolia, Korea, China, Russia, USA, Germany, France, Japan) - and planned for May 2012. Here, many amateurs come and play freestyle pieces, but also a professional contest is held and an instrument making competition.
486:) last for up to 2 years, but only if prepared and placed properly on the instrument. Most beginners don't comb the strings, then the sound quality worsens quickly. Good strings nearly sound like steel strings, and in spectrograms they show about 7-8 harmonics.
477:. When horsehair is used, the luthiers prefer to use the hair of white stallions. In general the quality of a horse hair string depends on its preparation, the climate conditions and the nutrition of the animals. That gives a wide area of quality differences.
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469:(3.1–3.5 in); the width of the soundbox is about 20 cm (7.9 in) at the top and 25 cm (9.8 in) at the bottom. Good quality instruments can achieve a strength of 85 dBA, which allows it to be played (if desired) even in
822:). Accepting students who are not older than 10 years old for the morin khuur class at the conservatory and since September 2017, the conservatory has been offering a Bachelor of Music and a Master of Music in Morin Khuur Performance degree.
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The fourth style, the "биелгее" is rarely played in these ceremonies, but in western
Mongolia it is common for accompanying "tatlaga dancing" in 3 times - like a waltz, but with dance movements imitating daily tasks of a nomad's family.
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On the national festival "Naadam" praise songs are played for the most magnificent horse and for the highest ranked wrestler and archer. The songs are called "Magtaal" and accompanied by a unique style of praise and morin khuur.
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738:", the ability to automatically adapt the finger position when a note wasn't hit properly. The main goal is to achieve a "clear" sound, that means no change in volume or frequency is desired. That depends on three main facts:
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apart, usually to B-flat and F. The strings are stopped either by pinching them in the joints of the index and middle fingers, or by pinching them between the nail of the little finger and the pad of the ring finger.
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During June, the "Roaring Hooves" festival is held. This is a small festival for professional skilled players - but unfortunately a closed festival. These recordings are often shown in TV reports later.
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would be lonely. So the first morin khuur was assembled, with horse bones as its neck, horsehair strings, horse skin covering its wooden soundbox, and its scroll carved into the shape of a horse head.
497:. In addition, the Inner Mongolian instruments have mostly mechanics for tightening the strings, where Mongolian luthiers mostly use traditional ebony or rosewood pegs in a slightly conic shape. In
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or cedar wood resin, and is held from underneath with the right hand. The underhand grip enables the hand to tighten the loose hair of the bow, allowing very fine control of the instrument's
593:(Serbia, Croatia & Albania) is a very similar instrument, and may indicate this is an extremely ancient instrument perhaps even dating back to the outward migration of people out of the
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strings a musician must memorize. The idea is that without moving the string hand too much the sound quality improves. The 2nd hand position on the B string is used to play C, D, E
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The instrument can be used for playing western style classical music, or
Mongolian style pieces. The primary education is to learn the scales, to train the ear for achieving the "
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skin, in which case a small opening would be left in the back. However, since the 1970s, new completely wooden sound box instruments have appeared, with carved
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have combined heavy metal and rock music with traditional
Mongolian lyrical themes and instruments, including the morin khuur; some of these bands include
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Because of its standard tune to Bb and F mostly western music is transposed for being played in one of the four most common scales: F major, F minor, B
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Also many amateur players acquired reasonable skills by taking lessons from private teachers, or being taught by their parents or other relatives.
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grieving shepherd made a horsehead fiddle from the now-wingless horse's skin and tail hair and used it to play poignant songs about his horse.
683:, then moves a little bit for hitting the F' with the little finger, then without moving the G position can be reached with the 1st finger.
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831:). Here several qualification courses are available. Graduates from this school mostly become teachers or enter the SUIS.
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second smaller bridge, to the two tuning pegs in the scroll, which is usually carved into the form of a horse's head.
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656:. The little finger tips the B strings under the F string, while all other fingers touch the strings from the top.
370:. Usually it is abbreviated as "Морин хуур", Latin transcription "Morin huur". In western Mongolia it is known as
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1097:
Pegg, Carole (2003) Mongolian Music, Dance, and Oral
Narrative: Recovering Performance Traditions (with audio CD)
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some 40,000 years ago. Often these instruments are depicted with a goat head instead of a horse in Europe.
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867:"magtaal" (praise songs) and "татлага", "tatlaga" (solo pieces, mostly imitating horses or camels).
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Mongolian culture, introduction into the principles of
Mongolian lyrics and to Mongolian folk songs
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Many
Mongolians have the instrument in their home because it is a symbol for peace and happiness.
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major. When used as a solo instrument the Morin Huur is often tuned a half tone higher or lower.
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tend to have larger bodies and thus possess more volume than the smaller-bodied instruments of
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A number of folk metal and folk rock bands from Mongolia and the Chinese autonomous region of
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string with the thumb to get a C, and use the ring finger under the F string to achieve the D
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Melodies are usually played from F to F' on the F string, then the player switches to the B
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Marsh, Peter K. (2004). Horse-Head Fiddle and the Cosmopolitan Reimagination of Mongolia.
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433:'s tail. Nowadays the strings are made of nylon. Traditionally, the strings were tuned a
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321:, and is considered a symbol of the nation of Mongolia. The morin khuur is one of the
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Santaro, Mikhail (1999). Морин Хуур - Хялгасны эзэрхийгч, available in cyrillic (
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the index finger hits on the low (F) string the G, the middle finger hits the G
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Luvsannorov, Erdenechimeg (2003) Морин Хуурын арга билгийн арванхоёр эгшиглэн,
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628:. That means, the distance between two fingers usually make the distance of a
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717:', F", B", also often players accompanying the F' on the F string with an F"
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Morin khuur vary in form depending on region. Instruments from central
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The larger of the two strings (the "male" string) has 130 hairs from a
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directed by Badraa J. in 1986 and was also remade in 2003 by director
671:. There are 3 hand positions on the F string, and 2 positions on the B
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music, use maple for the back and sides to produce a brighter sound.
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The modern style Morin Khuur is played with nearly natural finger
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Playing Chuurqin (solo 5:58~15:37) (accompaniment 15:37~18:49)
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In Mongolia, the morin khuur can be learned at three schools:
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317:. It is one of the most important musical instruments of the
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Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
1030:"Asia-Pacific Database on Intangible Cultural Heritage(ICH)"
323:
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
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Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella
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apart, though in modern music they are more often tuned a
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Mu. Burenchugula's Harchin epic «Manggusuyin Wulige'er» (
632:
on the lower section of the instrument. On the tune F / B
429:'s tail, while the "female" string has 105 hairs from a
902:
Animal psychological healing use by Gobi Desert farmers
301:
414:
The bow is loosely strung with horse hair coated with
1145:(seems a variant, but not the Xinagan Chuur variant)
541:
possess similar horse hair instruments (such as the
501:, the morin khuur is sometimes used in place of the
705:
is used, so the scale ranges from F to F'. On the B
1158:) played with a Morin huur's Chuur method playing
4607:
170:"Buyant Altai Khairkhan" (Altai Khairkhan, 2000)
4164:UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
826:
817:
808:
481:
337:In Mongolian, the instrument is usually called
16:Traditional Mongolian bowed stringed instrument
4148:
2547:
1927:
1185:
1123:Mongolian culture, including the morin khuur.
1149:The relation between Morin huur and Chuurqin
772:" are generally not used on the Morin Huur.
386:)—while in eastern Mongolia it is known as
382:—not to be confused with the similar Tuvan
4155:
4141:
3537:Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia
2554:
2540:
1934:
1920:
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1178:
748:constant sound after bow direction changes
742:finger force used for touching the strings
711:strings several harmonics are available: B
461:similar to European stringed instruments.
994:. www.silkroadproject.org. Archived from
480:Quality nylon strings (Khalkh Mongolian:
445:Traditionally, the frame is covered with
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
842:
608:
512:
32:This article includes a list of general
3541:Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia
1943:Traditional Chinese musical instruments
847:Mongolian musicians play the morin khur
4608:
4136:
2535:
1915:
1199:
1173:
948:List of Mongolian musical instruments
838:
795:teaching the modern style is in use.
343:
604:
210:Traditional music of the Morin Khuur
18:
3596:La Mare de Déu de la Salut Festival
2563:UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage
752:As variation are usually used the "
218:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
13:
3488:Baltic song and dance celebrations
1076:) and classical Mongolian script (
686:It is also possible to touch the B
533:The fact that most of the eastern
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
4652:
1108:
665:string and continues with G, A, B
366:is Морин толгойтой хуур) meaning
4594:
3874:Violins craftsmanship of Cremona
3561:Dancing procession of Echternach
3259:Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals
3052:Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut
2698:
2652:Sega tambour of Rodrigues Island
1346:
825:The culture school of the SUIS (
701:On the F strings only the first
174:
97:
23:
4083:South Pacific Colombian marimba
3884:Wooden toys of Hrvatsko Zagorje
1051:
401:
3798:Petrykivka decorative painting
3610:French timber framing scribing
2647:Ritual dance of the royal drum
1022:
1009:
984:
965:
918:The Story of the Weeping Camel
816:Mongolian State Conservatory (
760:". Other techniques like the "
570:, and migrated to what is now
1:
4626:Mongolian musical instruments
4053:Popayán Holy Week processions
3546:Copper craftsmanship of Lahij
1019:, 1991, Auvidis-UNESCO D 8207
958:
406:The instrument consists of a
3935:Carnaval de Negros y Blancos
3803:Procession of the Holy Blood
2842:Baul tradition of Bangladesh
972:Монгол ардын хөгжмийн зэмсэг
798:
355:name for the morin khuur is
194:More articles or information
7:
4641:Mongolian traditional music
4241:Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão
4181:Albanian folk iso-polyphony
3940:Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão
1384:Historical cities and towns
1321:Mongolian People's Republic
1017:Mongolia: Traditional Music
931:
721:at the F' position on the B
620:performing in Paris (2005).
302:
10:
4657:
4010:Indigenous Day of the Dead
2565:: Representative List
981:. Accessed 23 April 2010.
915:with a different title of
810:соёлын урлагын их сургууль
368:fiddle with a horse's head
184:The sound of a morin khuur
4631:Tuvan musical instruments
4592:
4171:
3915:
3906:
3717:Moldovan Christmas Carols
3679:Lithuanian cross crafting
3601:Festivity of Saint Blaise
3445:
3436:
3369:Tugging rituals and games
3117:Ladkah Buddhist chantings
2977:Gangneung Danoje Festival
2791:
2784:
2714:
2707:
2696:
2577:
2570:
2498:
2448:
2432:
2396:
2375:
2339:
2332:
2297:
2266:
2245:
2214:
2203:
2178:
2022:
1956:
1949:
1878:
1782:
1697:
1688:
1633:
1624:
1510:
1501:
1364:
1355:
1344:
1211:
1121:Embassy of Mongolia Seoul
1115:Mongolian art and culture
827:
819:Монгол Улсын Консерватори
818:
809:
508:
482:
395:
379:
315:bowed stringed instrument
291:
268:
260:
255:
245:
235:
225:
214:
209:
198:
193:
163:
158:
139:
132:
120:
116:Шоор (Shoor), Икил (Ikil)
112:
105:
96:
4616:Bowed string instruments
4336:Georgian vocal polyphony
3920:Carnaval de Barranquilla
3813:Sauna culture in Finland
3619:Georgian vocal polyphony
3299:Royal ballet of Cambodia
2686:Zambian Makishi Festival
2662:Ugandan barkcloth making
1561:Administrative divisions
1251:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
791:tuned 2-4 notes deeper.
4078:San Basilio de Palenque
3092:Koshikijima no Toshidon
2917:Chinese shadow puppetry
2681:Zafimaniry woodcrafting
1117:traditional instruments
921:which was nominated in
332:
127:Bowed string instrument
53:more precise citations.
3975:Danza de los Voladores
3970:Dancing Devils of Yare
3592:Falles of the Pyrenees
3450:Albanian iso-polyphony
3364:Thathera utensil craft
3309:Royal Ancestral Ritual
2912:Chinese seal engraving
2897:Chinese block printing
2724:Al-Sirah Al-Hilaliyyah
1815:Goyol Fashion Festival
1605:Chief of General Staff
928:for Best Documentary.
848:
828:СУИСы, соёлын сургууль
621:
562:), though not western
522:
357:morin toloğay’ta quğur
4556:The Song of the Sibyl
3965:Costa Rican oxherding
3849:The Song of the Sibyl
3752:Mystery Play of Elche
3567:Daredevils of Sassoun
2952:Durga Puja in Kolkata
2907:Chinese paper cutting
2667:Vimbuza healing dance
1576:Third neighbor policy
1276:Northern Yuan dynasty
1156:legend of the monster
846:
612:
516:
306:), also known as the
4206:Ashiqs of Azerbaijan
3854:Suiti Cultural Space
3455:Ashiqs of Azerbaijan
3344:Songkran in Thailand
3249:Oku-noto no Aenokoto
2942:Dragon Boat Festival
2892:Chinese architecture
2767:Taghribat Bani Hilal
1835:Traditional medicine
1554:Constitutional Court
1396:Environmental issues
1226:Prehistoric Mongolia
1143:Chuur huur folk song
250:Asia and the Pacific
3644:Karagöz and Hacivat
3551:Croatian lacemaking
3147:Manipuri Sankirtana
2902:Chinese calligraphy
2622:Kamablon re-roofing
1520:State Great Khural
1311:Soviet intervention
745:pressure of the bow
614:Sambuugiin Pürevjav
591:Southeastern Europe
359:, (which in modern
353:Classical Mongolian
348:or "horse fiddle".
345:[mɔrinxʊːr]
310:, is a traditional
256:Inscription history
134:Related instruments
93:
3736:Mediterranean diet
3517:Carnival of Binche
3472:Azerbaijani carpet
3152:Mangal Shobhajatra
2957:Epic of King Gesar
2810:Akiu no Taue Odori
2752:Palestinian hikaye
1759:List of Mongolians
1666:Telecommunications
1306:Chinese occupation
1163:2019-12-07 at the
1138:A typical Chuurqin
1015:CD booklet notes,
977:2011-07-22 at the
849:
839:Cultural influence
622:
523:
264:2008 (3rd session)
81:
4603:
4602:
4251:Dainichido Bugaku
4130:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4015:Kallawaya culture
3945:Carnaval de Oruro
3902:
3901:
3818:Semeiskie culture
3467:Aubusson tapestry
3432:
3431:
3167:Mibu no Hana Taue
3027:Hitachi Furyumono
2932:Dainichido Bugaku
2780:
2779:
2694:
2693:
2642:Mbende Jerusarema
2529:
2528:
2494:
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2293:
2292:
2199:
2198:
1909:
1908:
1874:
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1684:
1683:
1620:
1619:
1612:Political parties
1571:Foreign relations
1497:
1496:
1103:978-0-295-98112-3
943:Music of Mongolia
938:Batzorig Vaanchig
913:Byambasuren Davaa
605:Playing technique
537:neighbors of the
300:
278:
277:
205:
204:
200:Music of Mongolia
179:
107:String instrument
79:
78:
71:
4648:
4598:
4531:Slovácko Verbuňk
4401:Khorasan Bakhshi
4266:Cante Alentejano
4157:
4150:
4143:
4134:
4133:
4093:Taquile textiles
3990:Garifuna culture
3980:Danza de tijeras
3913:
3912:
3838:Slovácko Verbuňk
3713:Makishi Festival
3629:Houtem Jaarmarkt
3507:Cante Alentejano
3443:
3442:
3137:Longquan celadon
3022:Hayachine Kagura
2947:Drametse Ngacham
2789:
2788:
2785:Asia and Pacific
2712:
2711:
2702:
2617:Ijele Masquerade
2592:Garifuna culture
2575:
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2556:
2549:
2542:
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2337:
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2212:
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1954:
1953:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1913:
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1894:
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1860:(New Year's Day)
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1727:Southern Mongols
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568:Mongolian Steppe
485:
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397:
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308:horsehead fiddle
305:
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49:this article by
40:inline citations
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4466:Ojkanje singing
4366:Jongmyo Jereyak
4286:Cremona violins
4271:Cantonese opera
4246:Byzantine music
4211:Azerbaijani tar
4167:
4161:
4131:
4122:
4028:Maroon Heritage
4020:Mexican cuisine
3955:Círio de Nazaré
3908:
3898:
3624:Horezu ceramics
3532:Christmas Tsars
3484:Azerbaijani tar
3438:
3428:
3379:Vedic chantings
3042:Indonesian kris
2867:Cantonese opera
2857:Boysun District
2776:
2772:Tan-Tan Moussem
2703:
2690:
2597:Afounkaha Gbofe
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1764:Sex trafficking
1754:Public holidays
1680:
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1595:Law enforcement
1539:
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1338:Modern Mongolia
1333:1990 Revolution
1316:1921 Revolution
1296:1911 Revolution
1286:Dzungar Khanate
1261:Medieval tribes
1207:
1198:
1165:Wayback Machine
1111:
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511:
483:сатуркан хялгас
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4561:Tumba francesa
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4536:Song of Sana'a
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4331:Garifuna music
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4288:
4283:
4278:
4276:Cantu a tenore
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4236:Bistritsa Babi
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4118:Záparo culture
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4108:Wajãpi culture
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4098:Tumba francesa
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4043:Peña de Bernal
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3997:
3995:Gióng Festival
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3879:Wajãpi culture
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3869:Turkish coffee
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3793:Opera dei Pupi
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3334:Sekishu-Banshi
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3197:Namsadang Nori
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266:
265:
262:
258:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
215:
212:
211:
203:
202:
196:
195:
191:
190:
183:
173:
168:
167:
166:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
155:
137:
136:
130:
129:
124:
122:Classification
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
103:
102:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4653:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4597:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4511:Samba de roda
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4376:Istrian scale
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:Hudhud chants
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4256:Beijing opera
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:Aka polyphony
4174:
4173:
4170:
4165:
4158:
4153:
4151:
4146:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:Samba de Roda
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3909:Latin America
3907:Caribbean and
3905:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3664:Kihnu culture
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3634:Istrian scale
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3439:North America
3435:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3314:Sada Shin Noh
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Hudhud Chants
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2937:Darangen Epic
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:Beijing opera
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2832:Bakhshi music
2830:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Jemaa el-Fnaa
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:Chopi timbila
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2202:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:Silk (string)
1948:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:Horse culture
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:Supreme Court
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:Mongol Empire
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:Proto-Mongols
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1093:99929-56-87-9
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:7-80506-802-X
1079:
1075:
1074:99929-5-015-3
1071:
1067:
1064:
1063:0-415-97156-X
1060:
1056:
1055:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1018:
1012:
998:on 2013-10-19
997:
993:
992:"Morin khuur"
987:
980:
976:
973:
968:
964:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
929:
927:
926:Academy Award
924:
920:
919:
914:
910:
899:
898:, and Uuhai.
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
868:
864:
861:
857:
853:
845:
836:
824:
815:
806:
805:
804:
796:
792:
788:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
747:
744:
741:
740:
739:
737:
736:muscle memory
732:
728:
720:
704:
699:
684:
657:
631:
627:
619:
615:
611:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
558:
554:
551:
547:
544:
540:
536:
531:
527:
520:
517:Morin khuur,
515:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
478:
476:
472:
466:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
412:
409:
399:
393:
389:
385:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:
358:
354:
349:
346:
342:
341:
330:
328:
324:
320:
319:Mongol people
316:
313:
309:
304:
298:
289:
285:
284:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
251:
248:
244:
241:
238:
234:
231:
228:
224:
220:
219:
213:
208:
201:
197:
192:
171:
162:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
104:
100:
95:
92:Möring qughur
84:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
4586:Xoan singing
4576:Wayang kulit
4526:Silbo Gomero
4435:
4341:Gong culture
4196:Arabic maqam
4068:Rabinal Achí
4025:Moore Town's
3833:Sinjska alka
3828:Silbo Gomero
3758:Nestinarstvo
3750:
3741:Mesir Macunu
3565:
3419:Yūki-tsumugi
3404:Yeondeunghoe
3324:Sand drawing
3254:Pencak silat
3171:
3077:Katta Ashula
2992:Gong culture
2607:Gule Wamkulu
2109:
1858:Tsagaan Sar
1792:Architecture
1749:Prostitution
1702:Demographics
1583:Human rights
1522:(parliament)
1515:Constitution
1326:World War II
1301:Bogd Khanate
1271:Yuan dynasty
1256:Liao dynasty
1155:
1052:Bibliography
1037:. Retrieved
1033:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1000:. Retrieved
996:the original
986:
967:
916:
909:Ingen Egshig
908:
905:
873:
869:
865:
862:
858:
854:
850:
834:
802:
793:
789:
774:
751:
733:
729:
700:
685:
658:
623:
599:Central Asia
587:gusle/lahuta
584:
532:
528:
524:
488:
479:
467:
463:
444:
424:
413:
405:
402:Construction
387:
371:
367:
356:
350:
339:
338:
336:
307:
282:
281:
279:
216:
159:Sound sample
82:
65:
56:
37:
4636:Spike lutes
4581:Xi'an guyue
4571:Vedic chant
4436:Morin khuur
4396:Koodiyattam
4371:Iraqi Maqam
4063:Quyllurit'i
3773:Azerbaijani
3763:Nijemo Kolo
3694:Lefkaritika
3684:Kvevri wine
3409:Yeongsanjae
3319:Saman dance
3304:Regong arts
3237:Uzbekistani
3177:Mosie ramie
3172:Morin khuur
3157:Mazu belief
3112:Koodiyattam
3017:Hansan Mosi
3007:Guqin music
2927:Daimokutate
2887:Chhau dance
2800:Moxibustion
2796:Acupuncture
2742:Iraqi maqam
2731:culture at
2708:Arab States
2035:Daguangxian
1638:Agriculture
1538:Government
1423:Gobi Desert
1379:Ulaanbaatar
1127:Music Tales
756:" and the "
595:Middle East
408:trapeziform
340:morin khuur
303:morin khuur
283:morin khuur
261:Inscription
113:Other names
51:introducing
4610:Categories
4546:Sutartinės
4541:Sosso Bala
4521:Shashmaqam
4516:Seto Leelo
4406:Kumi odori
4216:Baul music
4058:Pütchipü'ü
4033:Panama hat
3859:Sutartinės
3823:Seto leelo
3437:Europe and
3394:Xuan paper
3374:Urtiin Duu
3339:Shiraz rug
3127:Lenj boats
3097:Kumbh Mela
3072:Kashan rug
2997:Grand Song
2922:Daemokjang
2882:Cheoyongmu
2877:Chakkirako
2805:Ainu dance
2757:Shashmaqam
2657:Sosso Bala
2333:Percussion
2301:(woodwind)
2207:(woodwind)
1847:(festival)
1825:Literature
1660:(currency)
1545:Judiciary
1281:Four Oirat
1039:5 February
1002:2010-04-24
959:References
880:Altan Urag
807:The SUIS (
770:Martellato
768:" or the "
580:Kyrgyzstan
576:Kazakhstan
471:mezzoforte
292:морин хуур
83:Морин хуур
59:April 2021
34:references
4566:Vallenato
4421:Long song
4381:Kgal Laox
4103:Vallenato
4038:Parachico
4005:Huaconada
4000:Harakmbut
3889:Za križen
3669:Kırkpınar
3649:Kelaghayi
3497:Busójárás
3354:Taekkyeon
3329:Sbek Toch
3244:Nuad Thai
3102:Kumiodori
2627:Kankurang
2582:Aka music
2409:Fangxiang
2404:Bianzhong
2309:Hulusheng
2090:Jing erhu
2055:Diyingehu
1964:Duxianqin
1797:Biyelgee
1734:Education
1648:Companies
1566:Elections
1540:(cabinet)
1528:President
1450:Mountains
1428:Grassland
1357:Geography
1291:Qing rule
799:Education
766:Pizzicato
762:Col legno
630:half tone
626:positions
560:Kyl kyyak
555:, or the
475:crescendo
392:Mongolian
376:Mongolian
351:The full
312:Mongolian
297:romanized
288:Mongolian
236:Reference
141:Byzaanchy
4501:Rebetiko
4456:Nhã nhạc
4261:Candombe
4231:Biyelgee
4186:Angklung
3930:Candombe
3894:Zvončari
3842:Turkish
3708:Kraljice
3689:La Patum
3659:Khachkar
3606:Flamenco
3588:Falconry
3502:Călușari
3399:Yamahoko
3212:Nhã nhạc
3182:Mudiyett
3142:Mak yong
3122:Lakalaka
3067:Kalbelia
2820:Angklung
2737:Wadi Rum
2466:Bolanggu
2383:Bianqing
2285:Mangtong
2110:Matouqin
1901:Category
1853:Religion
1744:Language
1600:Military
1503:Politics
1438:Khövsgöl
1221:Timeline
1205:articles
1201:Mongolia
1161:Archived
975:Archived
932:See also
784:♭
781:Major, E
778:♭
764:", the "
727:string.
724:♭
719:overtone
714:♭
708:♭
703:harmonic
695:♯
689:♭
680:♭
674:♭
668:♭
662:♭
653:♯
647:♯
641:♯
635:♭
491:Mongolia
427:stallion
364:cyrillic
230:Mongolia
4551:Táncház
4481:Quan họ
4476:Pirekua
4471:Pansori
4431:Meshrep
4386:Khuumii
4226:Bigwala
4221:Bećarac
4201:Arirang
4166:: Music
4048:Pirekua
3950:Ceviche
3864:Táncház
3788:Olonkho
3783:Ojkanje
3777:Turkish
3699:Licitar
3527:Chovgan
3522:Castell
3492:Bećarac
3477:weaving
3359:Ta'zīye
3349:Ssireum
3289:Ramlila
3279:Quan họ
3274:Pungmul
3264:Pansori
3207:Naqqāli
3162:Meshrep
3087:Khoomei
3057:Jultagi
3047:Jamdani
3012:Haenyeo
2982:Gimjang
2862:Bunraku
2852:Bokator
2826:Arirang
2719:Ahellil
2516:Lusheng
2511:Kouxian
2232:Paixiao
2186:Yangqin
2170:Zhuiqin
2160:Zhonghu
2150:Yazheng
2004:Sanxian
1979:Konghou
1974:Guzheng
1957:Plucked
1885:Outline
1845:Naadam
1810:Cuisine
1799:(dance)
1784:Culture
1717:Buryats
1712:Khalkha
1707:Mongols
1690:Society
1671:Tourism
1658:Tögrög
1643:Banking
1626:Economy
1482:Selenga
1465:Khentii
1460:Khangai
1411:Mammals
1391:Climate
1369:Borders
1241:Xianbei
1236:Xiongnu
1213:History
953:Topshur
892:Hanggai
758:vibrato
539:Mongols
459:f-holes
299::
226:Country
47:improve
4496:Reggae
4461:Nongak
4451:Nanyin
4441:Mugham
4426:Maloya
4356:Hua'er
4321:Gagaku
4316:Fujara
4301:Eshuva
4281:Ca trù
4113:Yaokwa
3960:Cocolo
3844:Sohbet
3768:Nowruz
3746:Mugham
3731:Meddah
3721:Maloya
3704:Ljelje
3654:Keşkek
3614:Fujara
3424:Yunjin
3384:Wayang
3294:Ramman
3269:Pinisi
3232:Afghan
3227:Nowruz
3202:Nanyin
3192:Naadam
3062:Kabuki
3032:Hua'er
2962:Gagaku
2872:Ca trù
2672:Yaaral
2602:Gẹlẹdẹ
2571:Africa
2499:Others
2486:Zhangu
2481:Tanggu
2424:Yunluo
2357:Paiban
2314:Hulusi
2215:Flutes
2205:Bamboo
2179:Struck
2165:Zhuihu
2115:Maguhu
2105:Leiqin
2100:Laruan
2095:Jinghu
2085:Jiaohu
2065:Erxian
2045:Datong
2014:Yueqin
1994:Qinqin
1984:Liuqin
1805:Cinema
1739:Health
1722:Oirats
1487:Orkhon
1477:Rivers
1374:Cities
1203:
1101:
1091:
1080:
1072:
1061:
896:the Hu
754:accent
650:, D, D
564:Turkic
557:Kyrgyz
550:Kazakh
548:, the
535:Turkic
509:Origin
439:fourth
420:timbre
361:Khalkh
327:UNESCO
246:Region
36:, but
4491:Radif
4446:Muqam
4416:Lhamo
4411:Kunqu
4391:Klapa
4351:Gwoka
4346:Guqin
4326:Gagok
4311:Frevo
4296:Duduk
4291:Doina
4088:Tango
3985:Frevo
3726:Manas
3674:Klapa
3578:Duduk
3573:Doina
3556:Daina
3460:Ashik
3284:Radif
3187:Muqam
3132:Lhamo
3107:Kunqu
3002:Guqin
2967:Gagok
2837:Batik
2733:Petra
2676:Degal
2476:Paigu
2471:Jiegu
2461:Bangu
2397:Metal
2376:Stone
2347:Guban
2319:Sheng
2299:Gourd
2272:pipes
2268:Free-
2258:Suona
2246:Oboes
2227:Koudi
2155:Xiqin
2130:Tiqin
2120:Sanhu
2080:Huqin
2070:Gaohu
2030:Banhu
2023:Bowed
1969:Guqin
1892:Index
1866:Sport
1840:Music
1830:Media
1769:Women
1455:Altai
1433:Lakes
1418:Flora
1406:Birds
1401:Fauna
589:from
553:kobyz
543:Tuvan
455:sheep
453:, or
447:camel
435:fifth
416:larch
388:shoor
240:00068
153:Kobyz
149:Gusle
89:ᠬᠣᠭᠣᠷ
87:ᠮᠣᠷᠢᠨ
4506:Sama
4306:Fado
4191:Aqyn
3808:Sama
3583:Fado
3539:and
3414:Yoga
3222:Nora
3082:Khon
2815:Akyn
2798:and
2735:and
2729:Bedu
2674:and
2506:Gudi
2449:Hide
2433:Clay
2414:Gong
2388:Qing
2352:Muyu
2340:Wood
2280:Bawu
2270:reed
2253:Guan
2237:Xiao
2222:Dizi
2145:Yehu
2140:Tuhu
2135:Tihu
2125:Sihu
2075:Gehu
2060:Erhu
2050:Dihu
2040:Dahu
1999:Ruan
1989:Pipa
1588:LGBT
1099:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1078:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1041:2019
923:2005
597:and
585:The
578:and
572:Tuva
546:igil
503:igil
499:Tuva
451:goat
431:mare
396:Шоор
384:igil
380:икил
372:ikil
333:Name
280:The
270:List
145:Igil
3639:Jem
3217:Noh
2612:Ifá
2521:Xun
2440:Fou
2419:Luo
2367:Zhu
2191:Zhu
1443:Uvs
616:of
473:or
398:).
4612::
2362:Yu
2324:Yu
2009:Se
1032:.
894:,
890:,
886:,
882:,
698:.
582:.
574:,
505:.
449:,
422:.
394::
378::
329:.
294:,
290::
151:,
147:,
143:,
4156:e
4149:t
4142:v
3706:/
2828:"
2824:"
2555:e
2548:t
2541:v
1935:e
1928:t
1921:v
1193:e
1186:t
1179:v
1084:)
1065:.
1043:.
1005:.
390:(
374:(
286:(
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
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