199:
629:
external payments, led to a situation whereby many
Western banks refused to enter into credit, deposit and in some cases even foreign exchange arrangements with Soviet banks, including Moscow Narodny. Faced with these circumstances, MNB London practically stopped granting any new credits for operations not connected with Soviet foreign trade, and gradually reduced the bank’s loan portfolio as existing loans were repaid. No new medium-term loans were granted, either, with activities limited to
207:
399:, as the Soviet Union feared that its deposits in North American banks would be frozen in retaliation, it decided to move some of its holdings to the Moscow Narodny Bank Limited. The British bank would then deposit that money in the U.S. banks. There would be no chance of confiscating that money because it belonged to the British bank and not directly to the Soviets. On 28 February 1957, a sum of $ 800,000 was transferred. The Soviets also owned a bank in Paris, called the
215:
35:
2207:[The Russian Court of Auditors denounces the opacity of the foreign subsidiaries of the Central Bank: A report by the Moscow Court of Auditors, commissioned by the Duma, severely criticizes the management of the foreign subsidiaries of the Central Bank of Russia. Five subsidiaries are pinned, including the Commercial Bank for Northern Europe, in Paris, parent company of Fimaco and responsible for investing the reserves of the BCR abroad].
2205:"La Cour des comptes russe dénonce l'opacité des filiales étrangères de la Banque centrale: Un rapport de la Cour des comptes de Moscou, commandé par la Douma, critique sévèrement la gestion des filiales étrangères de la Banque centrale de Russie. Cinq filiales sont épinglées, dont la Banque commerciale pour l'Europe du Nord, à Paris, maison-mère de Fimaco et chargée d'investir les réserves de la BCR à l'étranger"
628:
with new loans as required. In the early 1980s this work was severely disrupted by escalating political and economic tensions. The anti-Soviet campaign that unfolded in the USA, Britain and other
Western countries, combined with difficulties experienced by some socialist countries in keeping up their
497:
From 1960 till 1969 assets have grown from £55.6 million to £331.9 million, and the paid-in capital have grown fourfold during this period and amounted to £5 million. There are a number of reasons for the surge in MNB’s activity in the 1960s. For one thing, it reflected a general upturn in the Soviet
265:
mission, which was formed on 24 February 1920 and was an attempt by the
Bolshevik's Council of People's Commissars to break through the trade and political blockade of Bolshevist Russia by Western countries, travelled to London, met with British authorities beginning on 31 May 1920, and established a
328:
During 1924 the bank balance increased 2.5 fold and by the end of the year amounted to £2.4 million, and the bank’s capital stock increased to £500,000. In 1925 the capital stock doubled to £1 million. Such growth allowed MNB to open its branches in Paris in 1925 and in Berlin in 1928. In 1926, the
1219:
245:
In 1919, due to disruption of relations with the parent company due to its nationalization in Russia, the London branch was incorporated as a
British legal entity in order to protect it. The bank heads, Jean Bubnov and Konstantin Popov, submitted an application to register it as an English limited
485:
secured access to international and
European markets to support various Socialist banks and the MNB conducted export and import settlements of the Soviet Union with Europe and loans to many small companies. He also said that both Gosbank and the department of planning and financial bodies of the
633:
finance operations. Over the period from 1 July 1981 to 1 May 1982, the amount of credits with terms of 1 year or above on MNB’s balance sheet shrank from 794.4 million to 713.2 million rubles. At the same time, work on maintaining the bank’s supply of credit resources was stepped up.
512:
was the deputy manager and then the branch manager
Mosnarbank (Beirut) under Viktor Gerashchenko who was at this bank until 1971 when he was transferred to Moscow. According to Alibegov, the Beirut branch was second in size in Lebanon only to Arabbank and conducted loans among
26:
480:
was at the MNB. He stated that the
Central Bank of England was very strong and prevented MNB from obtaining loans from Moscow to supporting local companies associated with the local Communist Party or KGB, however, MNB and, to a lesser extent, the Paris-based
379:, with its staff gradually depleted. There were times when the number of people working there was down to four. Communications with many of the bank’s correspondents and clients were disrupted. As a result, the bank became little more than a payment agent for
1166:
From 1920 to 1923, Krasin was the People's
Commissar for Foreign Trade from 1920 to 1923, the first plenipotentiary and trade representative in Great Britain from 1920 to 1925, and the first plenipotentiary and trade representative in France from 1924 to
623:
In 1980s, the bank placed a strong focus on foreign exchange dealings, and in particular on attracting funds from
Western Europe's banks to sustain its credit resources. The borrowings enabled it to support existing operations and provide the
442:
had correspondent accounts with Chase
Manhattan Bank prior to 1959 but by 1964 to 1966 had become an international bank using currency swaps and transferred its dollars to correspondent accounts with the West German and Italian bank Airobank
2204:
1596:
360:
Resolution of the minutes of the meeting of the board of directors of MNB of March 1933: “the bank buys 1000 shares of the Dalbank Harbin bank for 50 thousand dollars in silver”. In 1933 the bank took over the Shanghai branch of Dalbank.
309:
The primary goal of the bank was financing of international trade of the Russian cooperative organizations with Britain and other countries. MNB became the first cooperative bank created as an international trade-support facility.
586:
On 7 November 1966, Dubonosov had a heart attack and in April 1967, Nikolai Vasilievich Nikitkin replaced Dubonosov as chairman of the board, but he was nominal and Dix, who ran operations, controlled the bank.
490:, not far from the Soviet trade mission at 32-33, Highgate West Hill, London N6 6NL, UK, which Leonid Krasin obtained after ending the trade embargo against Bolshevik Russia on 16 January 1920, and the grave of
1841:
1719:
1894:
1761:
1190:
760:
427:
362:
152:
430:
was appointed to a managerial position in the London branch of the bank and led Mosnarbank until 1967. During the period from 1958 till 1960 the number of staff members increased from 40 to almost 100.
498:
Union’s foreign economic relations: the volume of foreign trade in 1960, at over 10 billion rubles, was more than eight times higher than in 1946. Another factor was the re-organization in 1961 of the
1178:
458:
445:
338:
272:
1286:
in Luxembourg. In order to financially assist Communist Parties, anti-imperialism, and pro national liberation movements worldwide, these banks acted as subsidiaries or daughters to their "mother"
2214:
742:
1959:
1922:
283:) and supported Bolshevik control of the Moscow Narodny Bank (London), which had formed in October 1919, through Centrosoyuz, as the next Soviet bank located overseas.
1255:
482:
400:
254:
2236:
2343:
1875:
1629:
1545:
435:
1889:
1756:
1565:(1969). "Chapter 6 Offensive and Counteroffensive: The 1927 War Scare (see section: The Arcos Raid and the Break in Diplomatic Relations)".
1295:
640:
In August 1986, after the redemption of imperial bonds issued before 1917, MNB played a key role in provision of an opportunity for the
354:
2348:
2338:
1566:
1388:
1971:
1934:
2171:
2157:
473:, the Italian banks Banco Commerciale Italiano and Credita Italiana, BNL, and the Australian based English-Scotch-Australian Bank
2087:
1334:
246:
liability company, which was registered in London on October 18, 1919 as a company of England and Wales under number No.159752.
291:
262:
350:
2105:
1737:
1662:
2097:
2248:
1723:
557:
and was sold to Saudi Arabia after the branch in Beirut closed and moved to Cyprus and became the Russian Commercial Bank
403:. The Paris Russian bank took some Narodny's dollars and lent them. Initially dubbed "Eurobank dollars" after the bank's
1845:
1812:
1490:
1223:
2302:
2147:
1682:
1644:
1472:
1448:
333:
267:
1512:
2053:
1358:
625:
499:
439:
2036:
F. J. Weale (February 12, 1965). "Zum Euro-Dollar ein Euro-Rubel" [One Euroruble for the Eurodollar].
594:
opened. From the end of 1971 till the end of 1973 the bank’s assets have grown from £391.8 to £835.9 million.
1968:Экономическая Летопись России (Economic Chronicle Russia) (Следующая остановка — Бейрут on pages 36, 41-42)
1962:[Tomas Ivanovich Alibegov: There was an opinion that I had no place in the Soviet banking system!]
1925:[Tomas Ivanovich Alibegov: There was an opinion that I had no place in the Soviet banking system!]
1848:[The Way of Hercules: the story of the banker Viktor Gerashchenko, told by him to Nikolai Krotov].
1482:
878:
821:
648:
396:
230:
68:
1478:
1344:
1330:
1147:
727:
366:
1457:
1430:
486:
Central Committee of the CPSU supervised MNB. He said that MNB owned residences for its employees at
48:
1931:Экономическая Летопись России (Economic Chronicle Russia) (Следующая остановка — Бейрут on pages 36)
1846:""Путь Геракла : история банкира Виктора Геращенко, рассказанная им Николаю Кротову" – читать"
793:
160:
386:
By the end of 1948 the capital of the bank increased to £15.5 million (1945 – £1.5 million).
1900:
1767:
1960:"Томас Иванович Алибегов: Последовало мнение, что мне в советской банковской системе не место!"
1923:"Томас Иванович Алибегов: Последовало мнение, что мне в советской банковской системе не место!"
1239:
1112:
688:
655:
1424:
336:
or Soviet House, also known as the All-Russian Cooperative Limited Liability Company "ARCOS" (
1650:
1283:
620:
By 1977, the bank has been among 300 top banks in the world with assets of over $ 1 billion.
601:
416:
1396:
1267:
1194:
611:
286:
The declared authorized capital stock of MNB is £250,000. Original shareholding structure:
8:
2239:[Victor Konstantinovich Yakunin: Our capabilities matched, Ost-West Handelsbank]
542:
477:
357:
in May 1927. In 1932 MNB took over the Russian Trade Bank established in London in 1923.
287:
234:
96:
2237:"Виктор Константинович Якунин: Нашим возможностям соответствовал, Ost-West Handelsbank"
1654:
1562:
1539:
1517:
630:
487:
266:"Soviet House" or "Russia House" at 49 Moorgate in London, which was known as the
178:
58:
2101:
1869:
1808:
1804:
1733:
1658:
1623:
1486:
1340:
198:
1579:
1182:
462:
449:
372:
The Paris branch of the bank was closed in 1934, and the branch in Berlin in 1935.
342:
276:
170:
2089:
Major Companies of The Far East and Australasia 1990/91: Volume 1: South East Asia
1363:ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИЯ РОССИЙСКОГО КУПЕЧЕСТВА (ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RUSSIAN MERCHANTS) (okipr.ru)
736:
554:
229:), London was created as an independent bank in October 1919 on the basis of the
174:
2188:[Moscow Narodny Bank returns to its historical homeland] (in Russian).
1792:
1215:
605:
580:
569:
514:
509:
2025:(September 14, 1964). "Where East meets West. City faces: Andrei Doubonossov".
1600:
383:. The balance sheet total during those years remained constant at £1 million.
2332:
2038:
1251:
662:
250:
130:
1568:
The Secret Road to World War II Soviet Versus Western Intelligence 1921-1939
206:
2022:
1791:
1515:[How much is the dowry of the "daughters" of the Bank of Russia?].
1299:
1291:
1243:
787:
641:
565:
522:
470:
376:
156:
1853:
597:
In 1972, MNB worked with Americans to obtain a very large grain purchase.
505:
In 1963, MNB worked with Americans to obtain a very large grain purchase.
1131:
1033:
684:
608:
404:
100:
2279:
2189:
2185:
1996:
1678:
1474:
British and American Commercial Relations with Soviet Russia, 1918–1924
1453:
1444:
1275:
1022:
680:
518:
408:
2054:"Лондонский Московский народный банк (Моснарбанк, г. Лондон): ИСТОРИЯ"
1523:
1242:
and, before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the daughters of the
575:
In 1965, the bank declared the possibility of exchanging transferable
508:
In 1963, the Beirut branch of the bank was opened. From 1969 to 1975,
214:
34:
2274:
2064:
2056:[London Moscow People's Bank (Mosnarbank, London): HISTORY].
1646:
Soviet Foreign Trade: Organization, Operations, and Policy, 1918–1971
1366:
1271:
666:
591:
491:
2277:[The first sovzagranbank was redeemed: Whose money, Zin?].
2209:
558:
423:
2121:
617:
In 1975, the Moscow representative office started its operations.
1575:
1303:
1287:
1247:
695:
534:
380:
2153:
2093:
2058:
1800:
1729:
1688:
1279:
1263:
1193:(Russian: Андрей Ильич Дубоносов; 1900 – 1978) who established
673:
576:
550:
546:
530:
412:
322:
126:
2310:
2186:"Московский народный банк возвращается на историческую родину"
1450:
The co-operative movement and co-operative banking of U.S.S.R.
1205:(«Нелегал за океаном» «Консалтбанкир», 2003, ISBN 5851871032).
1259:
538:
526:
258:
186:
25:
1970:(in Russian). April 2015. pp. 7, 12–13. Archived from
1329:
318:
568:
named Andrey Dubonosov one of the most popular men in the
2307:Экономическая Летопись России (Economic Chronicle Russia)
1605:
1256:
Banque commerciale pour l'Europe du Nord or BCEN-Eurobank
1235:
1198:
702:
268:
All-Russian Cooperative Limited Liability Company "ARCOS"
202:
Certificate of Incorporation of MNB as an English company
553:. In 1973, the branch moved into a building next to the
502:— the second largest shareholder in MNB after Gosbank.
349:), established its own Russian Trade Bank known as the
1952:
1511:Сухотина, Инна (Sukhotina, Inna) (November 10, 2003).
261:
as the first overseas Soviet bank, he, as head of the
1915:
1296:
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russia)
2295:
2203:Stern, Babette; Duparc, Agathe (October 10, 1999).
1933:(in Russian). April 2015. p. 7. Archived from
637:In 1985 it was decided to close the Beirut branch.
389:In May 1950 the Shanghai branch of MNB was closed.
2229:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1470:
694:In 1999 a new representative office was opened in
2275:"Выкуплен первый совзагранбанк: Чьи деньги, Зин?"
1725:Moscow Narodny Bank. One hundred years of history
708:
347:ООО Всероссийское Кооперативное Общество, «АРКОС»
281:ООО Всероссийское Кооперативное Общество, «АРКОС»
2330:
1642:
1302:from 1923 to 1991. These banks only support the
1226:in Northern Manchuria with the center in Harbin.
672:In 1995 MNB opened its representative office in
411:. as such deposits were at first held mostly by
1552:
2085:
1899:(in Russian). October 26, 2017. Archived from
1766:(in Russian). October 26, 2017. Archived from
1718:
1591:
1589:
1513:"Сколько стоит приданое "дочек" Банка России?"
658:became the owner of the control stock of MNB.
1892:[DUBONOSOV ANDREY ILYICH 1900–1978].
1759:[DUBONOSOV ANDREY ILYICH 1900–1978].
2140:
2063:(in Russian). April 21, 2022. Archived from
2021:
1874:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1751:
1749:
1628:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1544:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1426:Soviet Union Review. The Moscow Narodny Bank
2202:
2035:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1597:Румянцев, Вячеслав (Rumyantsev, Vyacheslav)
1586:
1218:was the head of the legal residency of the
392:In 1952 the balance reduced to £6 million.
237:, which had operated in London since 1915.
1677:
1443:
2305:[Ponomaryov Yury Valentinovich].
2183:
1746:
644:to get direct international loans again.
407:address, they eventually became known as
329:bank agency was established in New York.
1897:(ANO "Economic Chronicle") (letopis.org)
1821:
1787:
1785:
1764:(ANO "Economic Chronicle") (letopis.org)
1732:: International Relations. p. 464.
1595:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1395:(in Russian). April 2022. Archived from
1365:(in Russian). March 2013. Archived from
1336:Soviet Commercial Operations in the West
249:After Bolshevik supporters organized by
213:
205:
197:
2272:
2184:Bulgakova, Anastassia (March 4, 1997).
1220:Foreign (Intelligence) Department (INO)
733:Alexander I. Shvetsov (12.1931–12.1932)
715:Jean (Ivan) V. Bubnov (10.1919–06.1920)
401:Banque Commercial pour l'Europe du Nord
2331:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1422:
781:Alexander P. Semikoz (08.1991–07.1997)
769:Sergei A. Shevchenko (09.1972–12.1976)
705:acquires Moscow Narodny Bank Limited.
683:in Moscow, which later on merged with
313:In 1923, the bank set up a subsidiary
2344:Soviet Union–United Kingdom relations
2098:Springer Science & Business Media
1782:
1499:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1325:
1323:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1028:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1003:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
888:
886:
884:
882:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
831:
829:
827:
825:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
778:Alexander S. Maslov (03.1987–07.1991)
766:Nikolai V. Nikitkin (04.1967–09.1972)
757:Alexei A. Chernozub (05.1953–05.1959)
754:Alexei A. Kuznetsov (06.1950–05.1953)
721:Nikolai V. Gavrilov (10.1924–09.1925)
2079:
1671:
1603:[Krasin Leonid Borisovich].
1437:
1250:which were the 1921 established and
1238:has the western subsidiaries of the
600:In 1973 they began investing in the
1695:
1691:: P. S. King & son. p. 81.
1636:
784:Yury V. Poletayev (01.1997–07.1997)
775:Dmitry Ya. Penzin (12.1982–03.1987)
661:Support on the part of MNB allowed
590:On 22 November 1971, the branch in
296:Central Association of Flax Growers
13:
2029:
1890:"ДУБОНОСОВ АНДРЕЙ ИЛЬИЧ 1900–1978"
1840:
1757:"ДУБОНОСОВ АНДРЕЙ ИЛЬИЧ 1900–1978"
1411:
1320:
801:
748:Ivan M. Andreyev (03.1940–05.1947)
14:
2360:
2349:Banks based in the City of London
2339:Defunct banks of the Soviet Union
2172:A Soviet Bank Takes Up Capitalism
2122:"Bragg, Stockdale, Hall & Co"
1842:Кротов, Николай (Krotov, Nikolai)
1793:"Adam Smith" (George J.W. George)
1464:
772:Oleg N. Kulikov (12.1976–12.1982)
679:In 1997 MNB created a subsidiary
2273:Симонов, Дмитрий (May 4, 1992).
1391:[Moscow People's Bank].
1361:[Moscow People's Bank].
724:F. I. Shmelyov (09.1925–08.1927)
718:F. I. Shmelyov (06.1920–10.1924)
422:In 1959, the former head of the
369:Dalbank during the early 1930s.
315:Genossenschaftliche Transit Bank
33:
24:
2266:
2196:
2177:
2164:
2126:Bragg, Stockdale, Hall & Co
2114:
2046:
2015:
1989:
1882:
1229:
1208:
1170:
1160:
751:A. A. Oleinik (05.1947–06.1950)
2158:USSR Ministry of Foreign Trade
2003:(in Russian). February 8, 1996
1381:
1351:
709:Directors and General Managers
626:Foreign Trade Bank of the USSR
500:Foreign Trade Bank of the USSR
440:Foreign Trade Bank of the USSR
317:(Cooperative Transit Bank) in
233:or Mosnarbank (London) of the
1:
2303:"Пономарёв Юрий Валентинович"
1313:
649:Morgan Grenfell & Company
581:freely convertible currencies
2309:(in Russian). Archived from
2247:(in Russian). Archived from
2174:, Published: October 7, 1990
1895:АНО «Экономическая летопись»
1852:(in Russian). Archived from
1762:АНО «Экономическая летопись»
1684:Russian co-operative banking
1522:(in Russian). Archived from
1483:University of North Carolina
1201:illegal that wrote the book
879:Moscow Narodny Bank (London)
822:Moscow Narodny Bank (Moscow)
665:to become the first British
80:; 105 years ago
69:Moscow Narodny Bank (London)
7:
2213:(in French). Archived from
2042:(in German). No. 1631.
1997:"Российские банки на Кипре"
1471:Christine A. White (1992).
1458:The Blackfriars Press, Ltd.
1345:Central Intelligence Agency
1331:Central Intelligence Agency
1148:Banking in the Soviet Union
1141:
935:Moscow Narodny Bank Limited
375:The bank worked during the
223:Moscow Narodny Bank Limited
210:MNB 20th anniversary dinner
19:Moscow Narodny Bank Limited
10:
2365:
1389:"Московский народный банк"
1359:"Московский Народный Банк"
1298:from 1921 to 1922 and the
240:
1643:Glen Alden Smith (1973).
1601:"Красин Леонид Борисович"
1431:Soviet Information Bureau
1262:, Moscow Narodny Bank in
1186:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1043:
1041:
1001:
999:
983:
981:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
951:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
906:
904:
849:
847:
647:MNB had long worked with
466:
453:
353:which operated until the
346:
280:
184:
166:
146:
136:
122:
107:
92:
74:
64:
54:
49:Limited liability company
44:
32:
23:
1153:
218:MNB office at 4 Moorgate
39:MNB building in Moorgate
2086:Joseph J. Carr (2012).
1429:. Vol. 6. Moscow:
1274:, the 1974 established
1266:, the 1971 established
1191:Andrey Ilyich Dubonosov
192:over $ 1 billion (1977)
1240:Central Bank of Russia
1113:Evrofinance Mosnarbank
689:Evrofinance Mosnarbank
656:Central Bank of Russia
476:From 1963 until 1972,
417:financial institutions
219:
211:
203:
1977:on September 10, 2016
1940:on September 10, 2016
1284:East-West United Bank
1189:), who is the son of
685:OJSC JCSB Evrofinance
602:London Stock Exchange
217:
209:
201:
2313:on February 13, 2020
2170:The New York Times,
1526:on November 29, 2003
1520:(Rossiyskaya Gazeta)
1485:Press. p. 345.
1268:Ost-West Handelsbank
1195:Ost-West Handelsbank
1903:on October 26, 2017
1770:on October 26, 2017
1606:Хронос (сайт)XPOHOC
1582:. pp. 132–135.
1518:«Российская газета»
761:Andrey I. Dubonosov
614:, today Fiske PLC.
564:In September 1964,
478:Viktor Gerashchenko
395:In 1956, after the
288:Moscow Narodny Bank
235:Moscow Narodny Bank
153:Andrey I. Dubonosov
97:Moscow Narodny Bank
20:
2254:on August 13, 2021
2128:. December 1, 2021
1805:MacDonald & Co
1563:Paul W. Blackstock
1176:Leonid Dubonosov (
794:Yury V. Ponomaryov
728:M. V. Zemblyukhter
681:CB Mosnarbank CJSC
488:Highgate West Hill
220:
212:
204:
179:investment banking
161:Yury V. Ponomaryov
111:December 2005
59:Financial services
18:
2217:on March 27, 2022
2107:978-9-4009-0805-5
2067:on April 22, 2022
2001:www.kommersant.ru
1856:on March 19, 2022
1739:978-5-7133-1643-3
1664:978-0-2752-8650-7
1139:
1138:
796:(03.1998–09.1999)
790:(07.1997–12.2005)
763:(05.1959–04.1967)
739:(12.1932–09.1934)
730:(08.1927–12.1931)
701:In December 2005
196:
195:
175:corporate banking
2356:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2242:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2181:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1965:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1838:
1819:
1818:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1716:
1693:
1692:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1580:Quadrangle Books
1573:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1508:
1497:
1496:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1420:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1399:on April 8, 2022
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1369:on March 5, 2013
1355:
1349:
1348:
1327:
1307:
1290:, which was the
1233:
1227:
1214:From 1927–1929,
1212:
1206:
1188:
1187:Леонид Дубоносов
1181:
1174:
1168:
1164:
1132:VTB Capital (UK)
806:
805:
631:short-term trade
468:
461:
455:
448:
428:Andrey Dubonosov
397:Hungarian revolt
363:Andrey Dubonosov
348:
341:
332:On 29 May 1923,
282:
275:
189:
171:Asset management
118:
116:
88:
86:
81:
37:
28:
21:
17:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2271:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2201:
2197:
2182:
2178:
2169:
2165:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2100:. p. 365.
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1857:
1839:
1822:
1815:
1807:. p. 122.
1790:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1717:
1696:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1657:. p. 370.
1641:
1637:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1611:
1594:
1587:
1571:
1560:
1553:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1527:
1509:
1500:
1493:
1469:
1465:
1442:
1438:
1423:M.E.D. (1925).
1421:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1234:
1230:
1213:
1209:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1144:
1130:
1111:
1032:
1021:
934:
877:
820:
804:
802:MNB Family tree
799:
788:Igor G. Suvorov
737:Emanuel Kviring
711:
555:Bank of Lebanon
457:
456:), Mosnarbank (
444:
367:associated with
337:
271:
243:
185:
157:Igor G. Suvorov
149:
139:
114:
112:
84:
82:
79:
40:
12:
11:
5:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2325:
2324:
2294:
2265:
2228:
2195:
2176:
2163:
2139:
2113:
2106:
2078:
2045:
2028:
2014:
1988:
1951:
1914:
1881:
1820:
1813:
1781:
1745:
1738:
1720:Nikolai Krotov
1694:
1670:
1663:
1635:
1585:
1551:
1498:
1491:
1463:
1436:
1433:. p. 122.
1410:
1380:
1350:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:'s objectives.
1228:
1216:Nahum Eitingon
1207:
1203:Illegal Abroad
1169:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1027:
1025:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
969:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
929:
927:
925:
923:
920:
918:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
892:
890:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
872:
870:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
815:
813:
811:
809:
803:
800:
798:
797:
791:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
745:(09.1934–1937)
740:
734:
731:
725:
722:
719:
716:
712:
710:
707:
612:Fiske & Co
570:City of London
515:Czechoslovakia
510:Tomas Alibegov
436:Tomas Aligebov
242:
239:
194:
193:
190:
182:
181:
168:
164:
163:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
124:
120:
119:
109:
105:
104:
94:
90:
89:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
38:
30:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2361:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2149:Foreign Trade
2143:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2109:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2041:
2040:
2039:Die Weltwoche
2032:
2024:
2018:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1955:
1936:
1932:
1924:
1918:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1877:
1871:
1855:
1851:
1850:knigosite.org
1847:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1816:
1814:0-356-08573-2
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1631:
1625:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1494:
1492:9780807820339
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1347:. p. 26.
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:Leonid Krasin
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1114:
1110:
1098:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1069:
1061:
1048:
1046:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1008:
1006:
970:
967:
954:
949:
933:
921:
919:
893:
891:
880:
876:
864:
862:
836:
834:
823:
819:
807:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:
706:
704:
699:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
677:
675:
670:
669:in May 1991.
668:
664:
663:Helen Sharman
659:
657:
652:
650:
645:
643:
638:
635:
632:
627:
621:
618:
615:
613:
610:
607:
603:
598:
595:
593:
588:
584:
582:
579:for gold and
578:
573:
571:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
506:
503:
501:
495:
493:
489:
484:
479:
474:
472:
464:
460:
451:
447:
441:
437:
434:According to
432:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
390:
387:
384:
382:
378:
373:
370:
368:
364:
358:
356:
352:
344:
340:
335:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
278:
274:
269:
264:
260:
256:
255:BCEN-Eurobank
252:
251:Leonid Krasin
247:
238:
236:
232:
231:London branch
228:
224:
216:
208:
200:
191:
188:
183:
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
151:
145:
141:
135:
132:
131:Great Britain
128:
125:
121:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:
91:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
36:
31:
27:
22:
16:
2315:. Retrieved
2311:the original
2306:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2283:(in Russian)
2278:
2268:
2256:. Retrieved
2249:the original
2244:
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2215:the original
2208:
2198:
2179:
2166:
2148:
2142:
2130:. Retrieved
2125:
2116:
2088:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:the original
2061:(letopis.ru)
2057:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2023:The Guardian
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
2000:
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1972:the original
1967:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1935:the original
1930:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1901:the original
1893:
1884:
1858:. Retrieved
1854:the original
1849:
1796:
1774:September 9,
1772:. Retrieved
1768:the original
1760:
1724:
1683:
1673:
1645:
1638:
1612:. Retrieved
1610:(in Russian)
1604:
1567:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:the original
1516:
1473:
1466:
1449:
1439:
1425:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:the original
1392:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1367:the original
1362:
1353:
1335:
1300:Soviet Union
1292:central bank
1244:Soviet Union
1231:
1210:
1202:
1172:
1162:
1127:
1108:
1029:
1018:
931:
874:
817:
743:Michael Wuhl
700:
693:
678:
671:
660:
654:In 1991 the
653:
646:
642:Soviet Union
639:
636:
622:
619:
616:
599:
596:
589:
585:
574:
566:The Guardian
563:
523:East Germany
507:
504:
496:
475:
471:Deutschebank
467:«Моснарбанк»
433:
421:
394:
391:
388:
385:
377:World War II
374:
371:
359:
355:ARCOS affair
334:Russia House
331:
327:
314:
312:
308:
303:
299:
295:
285:
248:
244:
226:
222:
221:
187:Total assets
123:Headquarters
45:Company type
15:
2280:Коммерсантъ
1797:Paper Money
1479:Chapel Hill
1460:p. 47.
1254:associated
1034:Evrofinance
687:and formed
609:stockbroker
543:North Yemen
409:eurodollars
300:Selskosoyuz
292:Centrosoyuz
263:Centrosoyuz
138:Area served
101:Centrosoyuz
65:Predecessor
2333:Categories
2245:letopis.ru
2190:Kommersant
1679:Noah Barou
1454:Manchester
1445:Noah Barou
1314:References
1276:Donau Bank
1023:Mosnarbank
519:Yugoslavia
454:«Эйробанк»
415:banks and
351:ARCOS Bank
148:Key people
2317:August 2,
2071:April 21,
1981:August 6,
1907:April 20,
1540:cite news
1272:Frankfurt
1270:(OWH) in
1179:‹See Tfd›
667:cosmonaut
592:Singapore
492:Karl Marx
459:‹See Tfd›
446:‹See Tfd›
339:‹See Tfd›
304:Zakupsbyt
273:‹See Tfd›
253:obtained
142:Worldwide
2287:April 7,
2258:April 7,
2221:April 7,
2210:Le Monde
2007:April 7,
1944:April 7,
1870:cite web
1860:April 7,
1795:(1982).
1722:(2019).
1681:(1930).
1651:Westport
1624:cite web
1614:April 7,
1608:(CRONOS)
1599:(2004).
1530:April 7,
1447:(1928).
1403:April 7,
1393:banki.ru
1373:April 7,
1333:(1977).
1197:, was a
1142:See also
604:through
559:RCB Bank
483:Eurobank
424:Shanghai
413:European
167:Products
93:Founders
55:Industry
2160:. 1978.
2132:May 23,
1655:Praeger
1576:Chicago
1341:Langley
1304:Kremlin
1288:Gosbank
1248:Gosbank
1222:of the
1183:Russian
696:Beijing
535:Lebanon
463:Russian
450:Russian
426:branch
381:Gosbank
343:Russian
277:Russian
241:History
115:2005-12
113: (
108:Defunct
83: (
75:Founded
2154:Moscow
2104:
2094:Berlin
1811:
1801:London
1736:
1730:Moscow
1689:London
1661:
1489:
1282:, and
1280:Vienna
1264:London
674:Canada
577:rubles
551:Jordan
549:, and
547:Turkey
531:France
438:, the
323:Latvia
127:London
103:et al.
2252:(PDF)
2241:(PDF)
1975:(PDF)
1964:(PDF)
1938:(PDF)
1927:(PDF)
1572:(PDF)
1260:Paris
1167:1925.
1154:Notes
539:Egypt
527:Libya
405:telex
259:Paris
2319:2021
2289:2022
2260:2022
2223:2022
2134:2024
2102:ISBN
2073:2022
2009:2022
1983:2021
1946:2022
1909:2022
1876:link
1862:2022
1809:ISBN
1776:2024
1734:ISBN
1659:ISBN
1630:link
1616:2022
1546:link
1532:2022
1487:ISBN
1405:2022
1375:2022
1224:OGPU
1128:2005
1109:2003
1030:1993
1019:1995
932:1919
875:1915
818:1911
606:City
319:Riga
302:and
85:1919
78:1919
2059:VEB
1294:of
1278:in
1258:in
1246:'s
1236:VTB
1199:KGB
703:VTB
469:),
365:is
257:in
227:MNB
2335::
2243:.
2156::
2152:.
2124:.
2096::
2092:.
1999:.
1966:.
1929:.
1872:}}
1868:{{
1844:.
1823:^
1803::
1799:.
1784:^
1748:^
1728:.
1697:^
1687:.
1653::
1649:.
1626:}}
1622:{{
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1538:{{
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1481::
1477:.
1456::
1413:^
1343::
1339:.
1322:^
1185::
698:.
691:.
676:.
651:.
583:.
572:.
561:.
545:,
541:,
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