Traffic collision - Knowledge

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57% of crashes were due solely to driver factors, 27% to the combined roadway and driver factors, 6% to the combined vehicle and driver factors, 3% solely to roadway factors, 3% to combined roadway, driver, and vehicle factors, 2% solely to vehicle factors, and 1% to combined roadway and vehicle factors. Reducing the severity of injury in crashes is more important than reducing incidence and ranking incidence by broad categories of causes is misleading regarding severe injury reduction. Vehicle and road modifications are generally more effective than behavioral change efforts with the exception of certain laws such as required use of seat belts, motorcycle helmets, and graduated licensing of teenagers.

1577:, compared the statistics for fatality rates in Great Britain, for transport-related incidents both before and after the introduction of the motor vehicle, for journeys, including those once by water that now are undertaken by motor vehicle: For the period 1863–1870 there were: 470 fatalities per million of population (76 on railways, 143 on roads, 251 on water); for the period 1891–1900 the corresponding figures were: 348 (63, 107, 178); for the period 1931–1938: 403 (22, 311, 70) and for the year 1963: 325 (10, 278, 37). Leeming concluded that the data showed that "travel accidents may even have been more frequent a century ago than they are now, at least for men". 1478: 3737:

mph, leaving drivers vulnerable at highway speeds ... Additional testing found that while the advanced headlight technology found in HID and LED headlights illuminated dark roadways 25 percent further than their halogen counter parts, they still may fail to fully illuminate roadways at speeds greater than 45 mph. High-beam settings on these advanced headlights offered significant improvement over low-beam settings, lighting distances of up to 500 feet (equal to 55 mph). Despite the increase, even the most advanced headlights fall 60 percent short of the sight distances that the full light of day provides.

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the rule constantly changes as the motorist proceeds, and is measured at any moment by the distance between the motorist's vehicle and the limit of his vision ahead, or by the distance between the vehicle and any intermediate discernible static or forward-moving object in the street or highway ahead constituting an obstruction in his path. Such rule requires a motorist in the exercise of due care at all times to see, or to know from having seen, that the road is clear or apparently clear and safe for travel, a sufficient distance ahead to make it apparently safe to advance at the speed employed.

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1921 when it reached 12 deaths per 100,000 Americans. The right to walk was considered dispensable a century later in 2021, when the annual death rate was 12.9 per 100,000. Safety focus on protecting the occupants of automobiles has victimized bicyclists and pedestrians whose injuries are attributed to individual carelessness. From 2010 to 2019, fatalities rose 36% for bicyclists and nearly doubled for those on foot. Reasons include larger vehicles, faster driving, and digital distractions making walking and biking in the United States far more dangerous than in other comparable nations.

676:, for example, involve at least one party who hopes to crash a vehicle in order to submit lucrative claims to an insurance company. In the United States during the 1990s, criminals recruited Latin American immigrants to deliberately crash cars, usually by cutting in front of another car and slamming on the brakes. It was an illegal and risky job, and they were typically paid only $ 100. Jose Luis Lopez Perez, a staged crash driver, died after one such maneuver, leading to an investigation that uncovered the increasing frequency of this type of crash. 66: 798: 991: 58: 685: 504: 191: 237: 1593: 956: 1451:

subconscious relaxation on leaving the "dangerous" bend may cause drivers to act with fractionally less care on the rest of the road, resulting in an increase in collisions elsewhere on the road, and no overall improvement over the area. In the same way, increasing familiarity with the treated area will often result in a reduction over time to the previous level of care and may result in faster speeds around the bend due to perceived increased safety (

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behaviors (speed, stopping at intersections when the control light was amber, turning left in front of oncoming traffic, and gaps in following distance) were measured at various sites before and after the law. Changes in these behaviors in Newfoundland were similar to those in Nova Scotia, except that drivers in Newfoundland drove slower on expressways after the law, contrary to the risk compensation theory.

1038: 745:) is a factor in about 40 percent of road deaths. The RTA also says speeding increases the risk of a crash and its severity. On another web page, the RTA qualifies its claims by referring to one specific piece of research from 1997, and writes "Research has shown that the risk of a crash causing death or injury increases rapidly, even with small increases above an appropriately set speed limit." 6222: 1535:(NHTSA) is a person who dies within 30 days of a crash on a US public road involving a vehicle with an engine, the death being the result of the crash. In the U.S., therefore, if a driver has a non-fatal heart attack that leads to a road-traffic crash that causes death, that is a road-traffic fatality. If the heart attack causes death prior to the crash, it is not a road-traffic fatality. 1712:: drivers who are involved in a collision may receive one or more traffic citations for improper driving conduct such as speeding, failure to obey a traffic control device, or driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Convictions for traffic violations are usually penalized with fines, and for more severe offenses, the suspension or revocation of driving privileges. 2732:: "Blame for accidents seems to me to be at best irrelevant and at worst actively harmful." ... "Much of the Leeming case is that by attributing blame and instituting proceedings against the motorist, the law virtually guarantees that none of the participants will be wholly truthful, so that the factors that really led to the accident are never discovered." 1793:

property damage, and injuries to passengers and drivers. Where another driver's vehicle is damaged as the result of a crash, some states allow the owner of the vehicle to recover both the cost of repair for the diminished value of the vehicle from the at-fault driver. Because the financial liability that results from causing a crash is so high,

128:, and property damage as well as financial costs to both society and the individuals involved. Road transport is statistically the most dangerous situation people deal with on a daily basis, but casualty figures from such incidents attract less media attention than other, less frequent types of tragedy. The commonly used term 1683:(GNP) of every country each year. A recent study from Nepal showed that the total economic costs of road injuries were approximately $ 122.88 million, equivalent to 1.52% of the total Nepal GNP for 2017, indicating the growing national financial burden associate with preventable road injuries and deaths. 3736:

AAA's test results suggest that halogen headlights, found in over 80 percent of vehicles on the road today, may fail to safely illuminate unlit roadways at speeds as low as 40 mph. ... high-beam settings on halogen headlights ... may only provide enough light to safely stop at speeds of up to 48

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In France, the Ministry of Interior reported that traffic incidents, crash-related injuries, and fatalities dropped in 2020 compared with 2019. Fatalities dropped 21.4%, injuries dropped 20.9%, and incidents overall dropped 20%. It also reported that the number of vehicles on the road dropped by 75%,

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Road incidents are caused by a large number of human factors such as failing to act according to weather conditions, road design, signage, speed limits, lighting conditions, pavement markings, and roadway obstacles. A 1985 study by K. Rumar, using British and American crash reports as data, suggested

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The economic cost to the individuals involved in an MVC varies widely depending on geographic distribution, and varies largely on depth of accident insurance cover, and legislative policy. In the UK for example, a survey conducted using 500 post-accident insurance policy customers, showed an average

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A 1985 US study showed that about 34% of serious crashes had contributing factors related to the roadway or its environment. Most of these crashes also involved a human factor. The road or environmental factor was either noted as making a significant contribution to the circumstances of the crash or

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Insurance statistics demonstrate a notably higher incidence of collisions and fatalities among drivers aged in their teens or early twenties, with insurance rates reflecting this data. These drivers have the highest incidence of both collisions and fatalities among all driver age groups, a fact that

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of the 1970s. He concluded that the removal of highway clutter, while allowing drivers and other road users to mingle with equal priority, could help drivers recognize environmental clues. They relied on their cognitive skills alone, reducing traffic speeds radically and resulting in lower levels of

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Conversely, a location that does not look dangerous may have a high crash frequency. This is, in part, because if drivers perceive a location as hazardous, they take more care. Collisions may be more likely to happen when hazardous road or traffic conditions are not obvious at a glance, or where the

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when they set insurance rates for different age groups, partly based on their age, sex, and choice of vehicle. Older drivers with slower reactions might be expected to be involved in more collisions, but this has not been the case as they tend to drive less and, apparently, more cautiously. Attempts

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survey of British drivers found 78% of drivers thought they were highly skilled at driving, and most thought they were better than other drivers, a result suggesting overconfidence in their abilities. Nearly all drivers who had been in a crash did not believe themselves to be at fault. One survey of

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It is negligence as a matter of law to drive a motor vehicle at such a rate of speed that it cannot be stopped in time to avoid an obstruction discernible within the driver's length of vision ahead of him. This rule is known generally as the 'assured clear distance ahead' rule * * * In application,

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Various factors such as fatigue or sleep deprivation might increase the risk, or the number of hours of driving might increase the risk of an incident. 41% of drivers self-report having fallen asleep at the wheel. It is estimated that 15% of fatal crashes involve drowsiness (10% of daytime crashes,

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There are demographic differences in crash rates. For example, although young people tend to have good reaction times, disproportionately more young male drivers feature in collisions, with researchers observing that many exhibit behaviors and attitudes to risk that can place them in more hazardous

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found that leading contributing factors for fatal crashes included driving too fast for conditions or in excess of the speed limit, operating under the influence, failure to yield right of way, failure to keep within the proper lane, operating a vehicle in a careless manner, and distracted driving.

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They took into account thirty factors which it was thought might affect the death rate. Among these were included the annual consumption of wine, of spirits and of malt beverages—taken individually—the amount spent on road maintenance, the minimum temperature, certain of the legal measures such as

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Common rates related to road traffic fatalities include the number of deaths per capita, per registered vehicle, per licensed driver, or per vehicle mile or kilometer traveled. Simple counts are almost never used. The annual count of fatalities is a rate, namely, the number of fatalities per year.

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Several driving behaviors were observed on the road before and after the belt use law was enforced in Newfoundland, and in Nova Scotia during the same period without a law. Belt use increased from 16 percent to 77 percent in Newfoundland and remained virtually unchanged in Nova Scotia. Four driver

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updated its style guide to recommend that journalists use "crash, collision, or other terms" rather than "accident" unless culpability is proven. The AP also recommends avoiding "accident" when negligence is proven or claimed because the term "can be read as exonerating the person responsible." In

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Alors qu'ils ne représentent que 13,8 % de la population française âgée de 15 ans et plus, les ouvriers comptaient pour 22,1 % des 3 239 personnes décédées sur la route en 2007 et pour 19 % des blessés hospitalisés. À l'inverse, les cadres supérieurs, professions libérales et chefs

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has changed the legal landscape. For example, Michigan had a unique no-fault system that guaranteed lifetime benefits for people injured in motor vehicle collisions. This changed in 2020, when the state legislature amended the laws, allowing people to opt for less coverage. While the aim of these

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estimated the U.S. cost in 2000 at $ 230 billion. A 2010 US report estimated costs of $ 277 billion, which included lost productivity, medical costs, legal and court costs, emergency service costs (EMS), insurance administration costs, congestion costs, property damage, and workplace losses. "The

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United States judges prioritized pedestrians' rights in city streets when early 20th century automobiles appeared. Pedestrian injuries were regarded as the fault of a motorist driving too fast. As automobile ownership increased, the rate of traffic deaths in the United States doubled from 1915 to

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In 2004 50 million more were injured in motor vehicle collisions. In 2013, between 1.25 million and 1.4 million people were killed in traffic collisions, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990. That number represents about 2.5% of all deaths. Approximately 50 million additional people were injured in

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have a more severe effect on driving performance than either in isolation. Taking recommended doses of several drugs together, which individually do not cause impairment, may cause drowsiness. This could be more pronounced in an elderly person whose renal function is less efficient than a younger

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Females in this age group exhibit somewhat lower collision and fatality rates than males but still register well above the median for drivers of all ages. Also within this group, the highest collision incidence rate occurs within the first year of licensed driving. For this reason, many US states

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Preliminary data also show that even as traffic levels returned to normal after the onset of COVID in March–April 2020, drivers continued to drive at excessive speeds. A 2020 study conducted by INRIX, private company that analyzes traffic patters, behaviors and congestion, showed that as traffic

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and helmets. This difference is reflected in the casualty statistics, where they are more than twice as likely to suffer severely after a collision. In 2005, there were 198,735 road crashes with 271,017 reported casualties on roads in Great Britain. This included 3,201 deaths (1.1%) and 28,954

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research, where the predicted reductions in collision rates have not occurred after legislative or technical changes. One study observed that the introduction of improved brakes resulted in more aggressive driving, and another argued that compulsory seat belt laws have not been accompanied by a

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had nearly four times greater risk of crashing their cars than those who were not. Research from the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute has found that drivers who are texting while driving are 23 times more likely to be involved in a crash as non-texting drivers. Dialing a phone is the most

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Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in the workplace in the United States accounting for 35 percent of all workplace fatalities. In the United States, individuals involved in motor vehicle collisions may be held financially liable for the consequences of a collision, including

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While the advent of the COVID lockdown meant a decrease in road traffic in the United States, the rates of incidents, speeding, and traffic fatalities rose in 2020 and 2021 (rate as measured against vehicle miles traveled). The traffic fatality rate jumped to 1.25 per 100 million vehicle miles

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The safety performance of roadways is almost always reported as a rate. That is, some measure of harm (deaths, injuries, or number of crashes) divided by some measure of exposure to the risk of this harm. Rates are used so the safety performance of different locations can be compared, and to

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individual financial loss of £1300.00. This is due in part to voluntary excesses that are common tactics used to reduce overall premium, and in part due to under valuation of vehicles. By contrast, Australian insurance policy holders are subject to an average financial loss of $ 950.00 AUD.

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the amount spent on police, the number of police per 100,000 inhabitants, the follow-up programme on dangerous drivers, the quality of driver testing, and so on. The thirty factors were finally reduced to six by eliminating those found to have small or negligible effect. The final six were:

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may occur at a dangerous bend. The treatment for this may be to increase signage, post an advisory speed limit, apply a high-friction road surface, add crash barriers or any one of a number of other visible interventions. The immediate result may be to reduce collisions at the bend, but the

1423:, in its Global Status Report on Road Safety 2009, estimates that over 90% of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low-income and middle-income countries, which have only 48% of the world's registered vehicles, and predicts road traffic injuries will rise to become the fifth leading 1302:(NSC) estimated of total motor-vehicle deaths for the first six months of 2021 were 21,450, up 16% from 2020 and up 17% from 18,384 in 2019. The estimated mileage death rate in 2021 was 1.43 deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled, up 3% from 1.39 in 2020 and up 24% from 1.15 in 2019. 482:. Collisions may also be intentionally caused by people who hope to make an insurance claim against the other driver or may be staged for such purposes as insurance fraud. Motor vehicles may also be involved in collisions as part of a deliberate effort to hurt other people, such as in a 1399:

Owing to the global and massive scale of the issue, with predictions that by 2020 road traffic deaths and injuries will exceed HIV/AIDS as a cause of death and disability, the United Nations and its subsidiary bodies have passed resolutions and held conferences on the issue. The first

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to perceive and react in the time and distance available. High incidence of crashes is not indicative of high injury risk. Crashes are common in areas of high vehicle congestion, but fatal crashes occur disproportionately on rural roads at night when traffic is relatively light.

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India recorded 105,000 traffic deaths in a year, followed by China with over 96,000 deaths. This makes motor vehicle collisions the leading cause of injury and death among children worldwide 10–19 years old (260,000 children die a year, 10 million are injured) and the sixth

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The definition of a road-traffic fatality can change with time in the same country. For example, fatality was defined in France as a person who dies in the six days (pre 2005) after the collision and was subsequently changed to the 30 days (post 2005) after the collision.

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the feeling of being confident in more and more challenging situations is experienced as evidence of driving ability, and that 'proven' ability reinforces the feelings of confidence. Confidence feeds itself and grows unchecked until something happens – a near-miss or an

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value of societal harm from motor vehicle crashes, which includes both economic impacts and valuation for lost quality-of-life, was $ 870.8 billion in 2010. Sixty-eight percent of this value represents lost quality-of-life, while 32 percent are economic impacts."

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As of February 2022 the "upper limit" is £25,000 for an accident which occurred on or after 31 July 2013; the limit under a previous version of the protocol was £10,000 for an accident which had occurred on or after 30 April 2010 but before 31 July 2013.

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comprised a steam engine pulling a combined passenger and fuel tender; Mary Ward's collision may be characterized as the first fatality involving a vehicle in the form of a contemporary motorcar, in which the engine is mounted and passengers ride on the same

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shows for 2006, that "exceeding the speed limit" was a contributory factor in 5% of all casualty crashes (14% of all fatal crashes), and "traveling too fast for conditions" was a contributory factor in 11% of all casualty crashes (18% of all fatal crashes).

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is occasionally prosecuted, especially in cases involving alcohol. Convictions for alcohol offenses may result in the revocation or long term suspension of the driver's license, and sometimes jail time, mandatory drug or alcohol rehabilitation, or

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describes the behaviour the court expects of the parties prior to the start of proceedings where a claimant claims damages valued at no more than the Protocol upper limit as a result of a personal injury sustained by that person in a road traffic

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may occur. These issues may make those who have been in a crash afraid to drive again. In some cases, psychological trauma may affect individuals' lives, causing difficulty going to work, attending school, or performing family responsibilities.

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In 2013, 54 million people worldwide sustained injuries from traffic collisions. This resulted in 1.4 million deaths in 2013, up from 1.1 million deaths in 1990. About 68,000 of these occurred with children less than five years old. Almost all

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has also evolved to improve protection after collision, both for vehicle occupants and for those outside of the vehicle. Much of this work was led by automotive industry competition and technological innovation, leading to measures such as

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Human factors in vehicle collisions include anything related to drivers and other road users that may contribute to a collision. Examples include driver behavior, visual and auditory acuity, decision-making ability, and reaction speed.

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have shown the same results. This may be due to working-class people having less access to secure equipment in cars, having older cars which are less protected against crash, and needing to cover more distance to go to work each day.

2199:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" 848:

policy wherein receiving a moving violation within the first six months to one year of obtaining a license results in automatic license suspension. South Dakota is the only state that allows fourteen-year-olds to obtain drivers'

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There is no one rate that is superior to others in any general sense, it depends on the question asked and the available data. Some agencies concentrate on crashes per total vehicle distance traveled and others combine rates.

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levels returned to normal during the three-month period August to October 2020, growth in collisions (57%), outpaced the growth in miles traveled (22%) resulting in a higher than normal collision rate during this period.

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is one example of Nelson's focus on the violence of the wreck with cars and trucks piled into a heap, left to the forces of nature and time. This recurring theme of violence is echoed in the work of Li Yan. His painting

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Varmazyar, S., Mortazavi, S. B., Arghami, S., & Hajizadeh, E. (2016). Relationship between organisational safety culture dimensions and crashes. International journal of injury control and safety promotion, 23(1),

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The passenger vehicle occupant fatality rate at nighttime is about three times higher than the daytime rate. ... The data shows a higher percentage of passenger vehicle occupants killed in speeding-related crashes at

442:'s Highway Safety Office emphasizes that "crashes are no accident", saying that "Using the word accident suggests that an incident was unavoidable, but many roadway crashes can be attributed to human error." The 6077: 6056: 446:

states that "accident" should be dropped in favor of "crash", saying that "Traffic crashes are fixable problems, caused by inattentive drivers and driver behavior. They are NOT accidents." In line with their

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In France, in 2018, the speed limit was reduced from 90 km/h to 80 km/h on a large part of the local outside built-up area road network in the sole aim of reducing the number of road fatalities.

5344:"The Economic and Societal Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2010", by Lawrence Blincoe, Ted R. Miller, Ph.D., Eduard Zaloshnja, Ph.D., Bruce A. Lawrence, Ph.D., DOT HS 812 013, Washington, D.C.: May 2014. 1086:

A well-designed and well-maintained vehicle, with good brakes, tires and well-adjusted suspension will be more controllable in an emergency and thus be better equipped to avoid collisions. Some mandatory

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Research has shown that careful design and maintenance, with well-designed intersections, road surfaces, visibility and traffic control devices, can result in significant improvements in collision rates.

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clearly attributed fall in overall fatalities. Most claims of risk compensation offsetting the effects of vehicle regulation and belt use laws have been discredited by research using more refined data.

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But that progress obscures a surprising type of inequality: The most disadvantaged are more likely — and have grown even more likely over time — to die in car crashes than people who are well-off

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In Michigan in 2019, excessive speed was a factor in 18.8% of the fatalities that resulted from fatal motor vehicle crashes and in 15.6% of the suspected serious injuries resulting from crashes.

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to cover these potential costs. In the event of serious injuries or fatalities, it is possible for injured persons to seek compensation in excess of the at-fault driver's insurance coverage.

2259:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013" 660:'s studies of driver behavior led him to the realization that signs and regulations had an adverse effect on a driver's ability to interact safely with other road users. Monderman developed 636:

to impose traffic policies can be complicated by local circumstances and driver behavior. In 1969 Leeming warned that there is a balance to be struck when "improving" the safety of a road.

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Higgins, J. Stephen; Michael, Jeff; Austin, Rory; Åkerstedt, Torbjörn; Van Dongen, Hans P. A.; Watson, Nathaniel; Czeisler, Charles; Pack, Allan I.; Rosekind, Mark R. (25 January 2017).

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resulting from the collision, including damages to property and injuries to other persons. Companies can be held liable if their employees cause motor vehicle crashes under a theory of

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serious injuries (10.7%) overall. Of these casualties 178,302 (66%) were car users and 24,824 (9%) were motorcyclists, of whom 569 were killed (2.3%) and 5,939 seriously injured (24%).

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compiled more than 30 studies postulating that hands-free is not a safer option because the brain remains distracted by the conversation and cannot focus solely on the task of driving.

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of ownership coupled with the freedom of the road. The violence of a car wreck provides a counterpoint to that promise and is the subject of artwork by a number of artists, such as

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did not allow room to recover. In these circumstances, it is frequently the driver who is blamed rather than the road; those reporting the collisions have a tendency to overlook the

908:. Many jurisdictions now restrict or outlaw the use of some types of phones in the car. Recent research conducted by British scientists suggests that music can also have an effect; 2374: 2352: 731:

In the U.S. in 2018, 9,378 people were killed in motor vehicle crashes involving at least one speeding driver, which accounted for 26% of all traffic-related deaths for the year.

1498:. In the state of Texas alone, there were a total of 415,892 traffic collisions, including 3,005 fatal crashes in 2012. In Canada, they are the cause of 48% of severe injuries. 3501: 1886:(airbrushed oil on linen, 1972). Similarly, Jan Anders Nelson works with the wreck in its resting state in junkyards or forests, or as elements in his paintings and drawings. 4336: 1446:

Collisions migration refers to a situation where action to reduce road traffic collisions in one place may result in those collisions resurfacing elsewhere. For example, an

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report. These statistics show a ten-to-one ratio of in-vehicle fatalities between types of cars. In most cars, occupants have a 2–8% chance of death in a two-car collision.

1519:, for example, selects high collision locations based on a combination of crashes per million miles traveled, crashes per mile per year, and value loss (crash severity). 2165: 3952: 3233: 3614:

Leibowitz, Herschel W.; Owens, D. Alfred; Tyrrell, Richard A. (1998). "The assured clear distance ahead rule: implications for nighttime traffic safety and the law".

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and operating a public transport service between Glasgow and Paisley overturned, causing a boiler explosion which killed four or five passengers and injured others.

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The evidence shows the risk of having a crash is increased both for vehicles traveling slower than the average speed and for those traveling above the average speed.

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Car deaths are also higher in poorer states. The road death rate is negatively associated with GDP per capita (-.47) and even more so with per capita income (-.66).

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survey concluded Irish drivers are very safety-conscious relative to other European drivers. This does not translate to significantly lower crash rates in Ireland.

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ACDA or "assured clear distance ahead" requires a driver to keep his motor vehicle under control so that he can stop in the distance in which he can clearly see.

2830: 1847:, crashes caused by defective tires, or where injuries are caused or worsened as a result of defective airbags, it is possible that the manufacturer will face a 4628: 3206: 1438:, setting a target to reduce global traffic deaths and injuries by 50% within ten years. The decade of 2021–2030 was declared the second decade of road safety. 1600:

He also compared the circumstances around road deaths as reported in various American states before the widespread introduction of 55 mph (89 km/h)

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traveled, up from 1.06 during the same period in 2019. Reasons cited for the increases are greater speeds, not wearing seatbelts, and driving while impaired.

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were worn in collisions involving death or serious injury, rather than light injury; wearing a seat belt reduces the risk of death by about 45 percent.

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Although proficiency in these skills is taught and tested as part of the driving exam, a "good" driver can still be at a high risk of crashing because:

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to reduce the likelihood of rollover. After retrofitting these systems to its models in 1999–2000, Mercedes saw its models involved in fewer crashes.

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dangerous distraction, increasing a drivers' chance of crashing by 12 times, followed by reading or writing, which increased the risk by ten times.

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have shown that poor people have a greater risk of dying in a car crash than people who are well-off. Car deaths are also higher in poorer states.

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Now, about 40% of new US vehicles, mainly the SUVs, vans and pickup trucks that are more susceptible to rollover, are being produced with a lower

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A graph outlining the relationship between the number of hours driven and the percentage of commercial truck crashes related to driver fatigue

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wrote a letter stating that "A crash is not an accident", emphasizing that the Department's Research and Special Programs Administration, the

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Cooper, Peter J. (Summer 1997). "The relationship between speeding behaviour (as measured by violation convictions) and crash involvement".

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and 24% of nighttime crashes). Work factors can increase the risk of drowsy driving such as long or irregular hours or driving at night.

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Some traffic collisions are caused intentionally by a driver. For example, a collision may be caused by a driver who intends to commit

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tests that indicate how "self-explaining" and forgiving a particular road and its roadside would be in the event of a major incident.

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Driver impairment describes factors that prevent the driver from driving at their normal level of skill. Common impairments include:

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alongside law enforcement policies that included drink-driving laws, setting of speed limits, and speed enforcement systems such as

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Following specifically distinct rules too bureaucratically, inflexibly or rigidly when unique circumstances might suggest otherwise

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reduction in road deaths, saving as much as £6 billion per year. A consortium of 13 major road safety stakeholders has formed the

431:(AAA) passed a resolution to replace "car accident" with "car crash" in their vocabulary. In 2022, the traffic management company 1671:

The global economic cost of MVCs was estimated at $ 518 billion per year in 2003, and $ 100 billion in developing countries. The

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may imply that there is no one to blame or that the collision was unavoidable, whereas most traffic collisions are the result of

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Unlike most other developed countries, per capita traffic collision deaths in the US reversed their decline in the early 2010s.

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involved, such as the subtleties of design and maintenance that a driver could fail to observe or inadequately compensate for.

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For example, we find that drivers from low socioeconomic backgrounds are overinvolved in severe accidents with fatal outcomes

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In some cases, involving a defect in the design or manufacture of motor vehicles, such as where defective design results in

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Traffic collision affect the national economy as the cost of road injuries are estimated to account for 1.0% to 2.0% of the

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than standard passenger cars. Rollovers can be fatal, especially if the occupants are ejected because they were not wearing

5619: 5517: 2418: 1571: 1527:

The definition of a road-traffic fatality varies from country to country. In the United States, the definition used in the

1391:

A large body of knowledge has been amassed on how to prevent car crashes, and reduce the severity of those that do occur.

466:

that may discourage the involved parties from fully disclosing the facts, and thus frustrate attempts to address the real

5716: 5355: 3150: 1491: 1249:

to reduce the risk of rollover and meet US federal requirements that mandate anti-rollover technology by September 2011.

775:. Such practice is illegal and is particularly responsible for an increase in fatalities at night – when it occurs most. 4814:

Jiao, Chengwu; Yang, Manjuan; Hao, Yubo (2009). "Analysis of Characters and Causes of Road Traffic Accident Migration".

1172:, other active or passive safety features, and smooth exteriors to reduce the consequences of an impact on pedestrians. 916:

may encourage the driver to step on the acceleration pedal, thus creating a potentially dangerous situation on the road.

4224: 4031: 3785: 3756: 1528: 5636:

Peden, Margie; Scurfield, Richard; Sleet, David; Mohan, Dinesh; Hyder, Adnan A.; Jarawan, Eva; Mathers, Colin (2004).

1496:

36,096 people killed and 2.74 million people injured in motor vehicle traffic crashes on roadways in the United States

1434:

is directed at reducing road injuries and deaths. February 2020 saw a global ministerial conference which brought the

1298:

In their preliminary report covering the first six months of 2021, the US nonprofit public safety advocacy group, the

422:

had all declared that "accident" should be avoided in their published writings and media communications. In 2016, the

5649: 4963: 4831: 4680: 4473: 3845: 3213: 2701: 1816:. Twelve states take the no-fault approach, where injured parties file their primary claims with their own insurer. 1074:. Observation of driver behaviors before and after seat belt laws does not support the risk compensation hypothesis. 452: 3723: 3072: 1563:

The world's first recorded road traffic death involving a motor vehicle occurred on 31 August 1869. Irish scientist

6211: 3065:"New data from Virginia Tech Transportation Institute provides insight into cell phone use and driving distraction" 2056: 1469: 1020: 912:

is considered to be calming, yet too much could relax the driver to a condition of distraction. On the other hand,

905: 581: 6120: 3560: 4793: 4768: 4744: 2626: 1401: 1168:

Common features designed to improve safety include thicker pillars, safety glass, interiors with no sharp edges,

463: 428: 4950: 1812:

system. Most use a tort-based system, wherein injured people seek financial compensation from at-fault parties'

6358: 5365: 4606: 4342: 3707:. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. National Center for Statistics and Analysis. 2141: 1981: 1844: 515:

caused by a collision, ranging from bruising and contusions to catastrophic physical injury (e.g., paralysis),

415: 207: 5273: 1638:

These are placed in descending order of importance. These six accounted for 70% of the variations in the rate.

5224: 4092: 4055: 4021: 3990: 3095: 2324: 1180: 1116: 1016: 789: 749: 5206: 4579: 2860: 2597: 998:

Individual roads also have widely differing performance in the event of an impact. In Europe, there are now

6376: 6294: 6146: 5223:. King's County Chronicle. Offaly Historical & Archaeological Society. 2 September 2007. Archived from 1951: 1829:

laws is to reduce the cost of insurance premiums, catastrophically injured claimants might find themselves

1242: 1227: 1129:

in 1959. Other initiatives were accelerated as a reaction to consumer pressure, after publications such as

932:

Several conditions can combine to create a more dangerous situation, for example, low doses of alcohol and

766: 565:, and other human factors contribute wholly or partly to about 93% of crashes. A 2019 report from the U.S. 3589: 3473: 3149:(Road Safety Research Report No. 74 ed.). Transport Research Laboratory. January 2007. Archived from 2518: 2404: 904:

Research suggests that the driver's attention is affected by distracting sounds such as conversations and

6402: 6319: 6304: 6243: 4202: 2745: 1996: 1906: 1737: 1605: 1420: 1341: 1147: 859:, with some jurisdictions requiring driver retesting for reaction speed and eyesight after a certain age. 784: 396: 172: 5933: 5903: 5592: 2804: 2100:

fatal collision in July 1834 preceded Ward's demise. In the 1834 event, a steam carriage constructed by

6258: 5141:(Final Report). Center for Transportation Research and Education, Iowa State university. Archived from 5120: 3534: 2001: 1386: 1258: 31: 4059: 3936:"Understanding the Distracted Brain, Why Driving While Using Hands-Free Cell Phones is Risky Behavior" 2105: 816:, coroner reports from 2008 suggested almost 40% of fatally injured drivers consumed some quantity of 721:

There is limited evidence suggesting lower speed limits result in lower speeds on a system-wide basis.

5641: 5091: 4990: 4900: 4257: 3704: 3447: 3143:

The Good, the Bad and the Talented: Young Drivers' Perspectives on Good Driving and Learning to Drive

3038: 2672: 1654:

was walking her bicycle outside of the crosswalk, and died in the hospital after she was struck by a

1416: 1408:

was declared in 2005. In 2009 the first high level ministerial conference on road safety was held in

1070:

suggesting that their use may lead to a net increase in road casualties due to a phenomenon known as

272: 5744: 5624:

Pre-Action Protocol for Low Value Personal Injury Claims in Road Traffic Accidents from 31 July 2013

1768:

Pre-Action Protocol for Low Value Personal Injury Claims in Road Traffic Accidents from 31 July 2013

1700: 1481:

Death rate from road collisions, in 2019, Central African Republic and Saudi Arabia being shaded red

1330:

Sudden swerving into somebody's blind spot without first clearly making oneself visible through the

627:

have been expanded to test a new driver's behavior during emergencies, and their hazard perception.

6407: 6096: 4496:

Yair G, Mahalel D. (30 September 2010). "Who by accident? The social morphology of car accidents".

3994: 3958: 3237: 1246: 1231: 1176: 516: 45: 6115: 3363: 1219: 1005:

In the UK, research has shown that investment in a safe road infrastructure program could yield a

6353: 6139: 5981: 5464: 4119: 3649: 2542: 1299: 919: 180: 4922: 4901:"The Rise in U.S. Traffic Deaths / What's behind America's unique problem with vehicle crashes?" 4818:. Ninth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). pp. 1–7. 715:

The risk of being injured increases exponentially with speeds much faster than the median speed.

6268: 5441: 4670: 1680: 1580: 1226:' (sudden swerving to avoid an obstacle) in 1997, some manufacturers enhanced suspension using 974:, or other physical objects can help reduce the consequences of a collision or minimize damage. 562: 483: 253: 141: 4450:

d'entreprise (8,4 % de la population) ne totalisaient que 2,9 % des morts et blessés

4433: 3837: 3807: 1705:

There are a number of possible legal consequences for causing a traffic collision, including:

1477: 527:

estimates that roughly 100 people die in motor vehicle crashes each day in the United States.

5142: 4437: 3326: 1924: 1740:, may result in criminal charges against the driver. In the event of a fatality, a charge of 1564: 1556: 1435: 1216: 1063: 891: 879: 741:(NSW) asserts speeding (traveling too fast for the prevailing conditions or above the posted 4982: 2722:

Charles, Geoffrey (11 March 1969). "Cars And Drivers Accident prevention instead of blame".

6381: 6278: 6230: 5870: 4952:

World health statistics 2018: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals

4505: 4184: 4150: 3291:

An investigation of behavioral adaptation to airbags and antilock brakes among taxi drivers

2096:

Although some sources assert Mary Ward to be the first person killed by a motor vehicle, a

1976: 1195:

have become more common in recent years, perhaps due to the increased popularity of taller

1067: 813: 536: 231: 219: 211: 38: 4567:

In first half of 2020, traffic volumes fell but speeding and other risky behaviors were up

1318:

Other possibly hazardous factors that may alter a driver's soundness on the road include:

8: 6201: 6081: 4373: 2495: 2071: 2061: 2050: 2044: 1946: 1910: 1798: 1723: 1647: 1382: 1146:

started an intensive program of vehicle safety research, producing a number of prototype

1135: 946: 467: 400: 4756: 4509: 4154: 4141:

Lund, Adrian K.; Zador, Paul (March 1984). "Mandatory belt use and driver risk taking".

2569: 6299: 6263: 5409: 5382: 4529: 4318: 4162: 3298: 2467: 2285: 2258: 2225: 2198: 2101: 1809: 1741: 1730:

lawsuit against a company that designed or distributed a dangerous vehicle or car part.

1447: 1088: 697: 573: 487: 404: 257: 215: 176: 149: 5771: 5502: 3627: 2448: 2275: 2215: 1882:. Though English, John Salt was drawn to American landscapes of wrecked vehicles like 6248: 6238: 6191: 6090: 6086: 5645: 5414: 5361: 5072: 4959: 4877: 4827: 4676: 4521: 4517: 4469: 4322: 4310: 4111: 4027: 3895: 3887: 3841: 3830: 3681: 3631: 3269: 2951: 2314: 2290: 2230: 2166:"Crash Not Accident: Better Road-Safety Reporting Could Save Lives, Show Researchers" 2137: 2019: 1971: 1933: 1813: 1727: 1696: 1452: 1238: 1208: 1071: 1032: 875: 827: 649: 479: 462:

for holding back safety improvements, based on the idea that such terms perpetuate a

249: 153: 5793: 5566: 5325: 4533: 4049:"Getting Ahead: Returning Britain to European leadership in road casualty reduction" 1179:

publish road casualty statistics for each type of collision and vehicle through its

6206: 6196: 5845: 5498: 5404: 5394: 5064: 4884:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 15 December 2023. 4819: 4513: 4407: 4300: 4158: 3877: 3680:. Automobiles and Other Vehicles. Miamisburg, OH: LEXIS Publishing. p. § 720. 3623: 2622: 2280: 2270: 2220: 2210: 2066: 1929: 1917: 1840: 1655: 1192: 1155: 1046: 1042: 616: 423: 375:

Many organizations, companies and government agencies have begun to avoid the term

291:

uses the term "motor vehicle traffic collision" (MVTC). Other common terms include

288: 265: 5022: 3028:

Robertson, LS. Injury Epidemiology: Fourth Edition. Free online at www.nanlee.net.

248:

Traffic collisions can be classified by general types. Types of collision include

6186: 6101: 5300:"Self-driving Uber kills Arizona woman in first fatal crash involving pedestrian" 2916: 2131: 1966: 1879: 1755: 1651: 1362: 1150:

demonstrating various innovations for occupant and pedestrian protection such as

1143: 1112: 933: 909: 772: 738: 592:

reading and reacting to road conditions, weather, road signs, and the environment

410:

In 1997, George L. Reagle, the Associate Administrator for Motor Carriers of the

65: 4225:"Fahrunfalle: Dank ESP verunglucken Mercedes-Personenwagen seltener (in German)" 2426: 918:

Cell phone use is an increasingly significant problem on the roads and the U.S.

718:

The severity/lethality of a crash depends on the vehicle speed change at impact.

6273: 3402:

Accidentally, on Purpose: The Making of a Personal Injury Underworld in America

3100: 2939: 2097: 2006: 1871: 1424: 1369: 1200: 1092: 971: 845: 817: 797: 696:, Finland, on August 25, 2006, at around 13:00 local time. The incident caused 657: 589:

controlling a car including a good awareness of the car's size and capabilities

520: 261: 195: 160: 6065: 5989: 5794:"Consumers Claim Tires Are Defective, File Class-Action Suit Against Goodyear" 5541:"In crashes that kill pedestrians, the majority of drivers don't face charges" 5381:

Banstola, Amrit; Kigozi, Jesse; Barton, Pelham; Mytton, Julie (25 June 2020).

2548: 771:

A common cause of collisions is driving faster than one can stop within their

6396: 5068: 4823: 4115: 3891: 3685: 2647: 2029: 1901:

used newspaper pictures of car wrecks with dead occupants in a number of his

1650:

resulting in the death of a pedestrian occurred on 18 March 2018 in Arizona.

1574: 1271: 990: 980: 883: 641: 620: 184: 57: 6071: 4228: 3782:"Regulatory Impact and Small Business Analysis for Hours of Service Options" 2974: 2972: 2882: 1058:

Research has shown that, across all collision types, it is less likely that

684: 140:

recommending caution before using the term. Some collisions are intentional

5418: 5399: 5188: 5076: 4525: 4314: 3914:"Hard-Rock and Classic Music Could Lead to Road Accidents, New Survey Says" 3899: 3882: 3865: 3096:"Reading This While You Drive Could Increase Your Risk of Crashing Tenfold" 2955: 2397:"Statistics and Data – Road and Motor Vehicle Safety – Road Transportation" 2294: 2234: 1986: 1848: 1830: 1322: 1169: 895: 673: 661: 624: 561:

A 1985 report based on British and American crash data found driver error,

512: 271:

Many different terms are commonly used to describe vehicle collisions. The

145: 137: 113: 3635: 3045:. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. August 2021. p. 123 727:

More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of traffic calming.

585:

drivers reported that they thought the key elements of good driving were:

6253: 6181: 4305: 4288: 2969: 2491:"When a car 'crash' isn't an 'accident' — and why the difference matters" 1914: 1898: 1825: 1601: 1567:

died when she fell out of her cousins' steam car and was run over by it.

1331: 1257:

Motorcyclists and pillion-riders have little protection other than their

1130: 950: 742: 448: 244:

slammed on the side by another car. The left side is extensively damaged.

190: 164: 109: 70: 6013:"John Chamberlain, Who Wrested Rough Magic From Scrap Metal, Dies at 84" 5136:"Evaluation of the Iowa DOT's Safety Improvement Candidate List Process" 5049: 1592: 955: 724:

Most crashes related to speed involve speed too fast for the conditions.

458:

On the contrary, some have criticized the use of terminology other than

407:, other risky behavior, poor road design, or other preventable factors. 236: 5567:"The Effectiveness of Legal Sanctions in Dealing with Drinking Drivers" 2938:

Butler, Dennis J.; Moffic, H. Steven; Turkal, Nick W. (1 August 1999).

2375:"The 2009 Statistical Abstract: Motor Vehicle Accidents and Fatalities" 2310:

Global status report on road safety 2013: Supporting a decade of action

1961: 1352: 1348: 1223: 1212: 1162: 1122: 967: 831: 615:

Accompanying changes to road designs have been wide-scale adoptions of

503: 121: 101: 74: 5274:"Self-Driving Uber Car Kills Pedestrian in Arizona, Where Robots Roam" 4848:"Accident 'migration' after remedial treatment at accident blackspots" 3207:"Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Conference Proceedings" 6309: 6131: 4555:"Rate of Crash Deaths on U.S. Roads Rose During Coronavirus Pandemic" 3705:"Passenger Vehicle Occupant Fatalities by Day and Night – A Contrast" 3013:"Interactive Highway Safety Design Model: Accident Predictive Module" 2981:"COVID-19 Effect on Collisions on Interstates and Highways in the US" 2130:

Peden, Margie; Scurfield, Richard; Sleet, David; et al. (2004).

2024: 1956: 1875: 1859: 1585: 1337: 1159: 1059: 913: 632: 97: 4713:

Integrated Safe Driving Information System Development: Final report

2980: 2463:"It's No Accident: Advocates Want to Speak of Car 'Crashes' Instead" 1804:

Liability rules vary from state to state, with some laws adopting a

5956:"Wreckage in Art: A Driving Force in the Work of Jan Anders Nelson" 5596: 2940:"Post-traumatic Stress Reactions Following Motor Vehicle Accidents" 2014: 1547: 1126: 1096: 693: 6048: 4698:

The K53 Yard Test Made Easy: A Practical Guide for Learner Drivers

3293:(29 ed.). Accident Analysis and Prevention. pp. 293–302. 2831:"Police: Lansing man deliberately caused crash that injured woman" 595:

alertness, reading and anticipating the behavior of other drivers.

133: 6125: 5387:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

5167: 5117:"Motor Vehicle Collisions Most Frequent Cause of Severe Injuries" 3122: 2034: 1719: 1204: 1107: 999: 856: 665: 168: 94: 4598: 3415:"Synthesis of Safety Research Related to Speed and Speed Limits" 1928:

is a 1973 novel by English author J. G. Ballard about car-crash

1310:

which suggests the rate (incidents per vehicle-mile) increased.

1115:'s safety cage and reinforced roof pillars of 1946, Ford's 1956 737:

The Road and Traffic Authority (RTA) of the Australian state of

370: 159:

Several factors contribute to the risk of collisions, including

6060: 4759: page 6. 26 October 2005. Retrieved 9 July 2008. 3288: 2519:"Saving Lives and Protecting People from Injuries and Violence" 2170: 1618:

The percentage of the total state highway mileage that is rural

1409: 1282: 1278: 1151: 887: 708:

reviewed research on traffic speed in 1998. The summary says:

689: 435:

announced that "accident" would be removed from their lexicon.

117: 105: 4258:"U.S. to Require Anti-Rollover Technology on New Cars by 2012" 1344:

or other interior handling devices after a recent car purchase

1100: 1037: 507:

A man with visible facial scars resulting from a car collision

3863: 3784:. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. Archived from 2651: 1627:

The percentage of state-administered highway that is surfaced

432: 136:

with many government departments and organizations, with the

125: 112:, or other moving or stationary obstruction, such as a tree, 6221: 5048:

Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL (March 2004).

4783:. page 2. 22 May 2003. Retrieved 9 July 2008. 3471: 1754:

Sometimes, people may make false insurance claims or commit

5047: 4548: 4546: 3866:"Asleep at the Wheel—The Road to Addressing Drowsy Driving" 1805: 1516: 511:

A number of physical injuries can commonly result from the

199: 5380: 3673: 2313:(in English and Russian). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. 2013. 1758:

by staging collisions or jumping in front of moving cars.

1718:: a driver who causes a traffic collision may be sued for 4468:(in French). Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales. 4019: 3742: 3650:"Assured Clear Distance Ahead Law & Legal Definition" 1837: 1356: 1196: 1191:

Some crash types tend to have more serious consequences.

793:

Relative risk of collisions based on blood alcohol levels

609: 524: 5635: 4543: 4244:

Road accidents are rare with ESP Mercedes passenger cars

3986:

Road Safety Part 1: Alcohol, drugs, ageing & fatigue

3954:

Road Safety Part 1: Alcohol, drugs, ageing & fatigue

3010: 2129: 1023:

to make safe road design a national transport priority.

5692:"Do I have to pay if my liability limits are exceeded?" 4725:

Popular Mechanics – Mar 1959 – Page 94, Vol. 111, No. 3

3389:

The economics and politics of choice no-fault insurance

2853:"The Facts: Vehicular Homicide and the Impaired Driver" 2544:

Hot Fuzz clip: Accident Implies There's Nobody To Blame

1139:

accused motor manufacturers of indifference to safety.

631:

situations than other road users. This is reflected by

214:

have increasing death rates due to traffic collisions.

4870: 3607: 3452:

NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration)

4977: 4975: 3613: 2769:"24 face fraud charges in Las Vegas car crash scheme" 2592: 2590: 959:

A potential long fall stopped by an early guardrail,

841:

was observed well before the advent of mobile phones.

6038: 5772:"Tesla's Access to Car Data: A New Tool in Disputes" 5717:"Brief Explanation of Michigan's No-Fault Insurance" 5200:

The first known account of this crash dates to 1801.

4089:

Trends in Fatal Car Accidents: Analysis of CCIS Data

3724:"AAA Tests Shine High-Beam on Headlight Limitations" 3350: 3221:

Most at risk are young males between 17 and 25 years

2794:"Staged Collisions: Separating Accidents from Fraud" 27:

Incident when a vehicle collides with another object

5518:"Can't Pay Your Fines? Your License Could Be Taken" 5383:"Economic Burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Nepal" 5050:"Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000" 5006:

Nearly 300 Indians die daily on roads, shows report

3696: 3420:. U.S. Department of Transportation. Archived from 1866:

by Jan A. Nelson (graphite on Strathmore rag, 1974)

210:have decreasing death rates, while the majority of 4972: 4495: 4369:"The hidden inequality of who dies in car crashes" 3829: 3726:. NewsRoom.AAA.com. AAA Automotive Research Center 2937: 2587: 1621:The percent increase in motor vehicle registration 1486:traffic collisions, a number unchanged from 2004. 37:"Fender Bender" redirects here. For the film, see 4892: 4794:"Road Traffic Deaths Index 2009 Country Rankings" 3559:. NSW Roads and Traffic Authority. Archived from 3533:. NSW Roads and Traffic Authority. Archived from 3504:. NSW Roads and Traffic Authority. Archived from 3006: 3004: 3002: 2909:"The Shocking Truth about Road Trauma – Key text" 1406:World Day of Remembrance for Road Traffic Victims 1026: 455:recommends using "crash" rather than "accident". 218:have the highest rate with 20 deaths per 100,000 6394: 5626:, updated 10 February 2022, accessed 2 June 2022 5469:(APRA) Australia Prudential Regulatory Authority 4983:"World report on road traffic injury prevention" 3957:(Research summary, TRL Report 543 ed.). UK 2353:"World report on road traffic injury prevention" 1368:Traffic safety culture, a variety of aspects of 669:road casualties and lower levels of congestion. 116:or building. Traffic collisions often result in 30:"Car crash" redirects here. For other uses, see 5821:"Have an exploding airbag? You might get $ 500" 4086: 3702: 3549: 3525: 3523: 1992:List of countries by traffic-related death rate 1821:Full tort and limited tort automobile insurance 1066:is controversial, with notable critics such as 760: 640:conditions are too complicated for the limited 5638:World report on road traffic injury prevention 5357:World report on road traffic injury prevention 5248:"When Cities Made Monuments to Traffic Deaths" 5213: 5096:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 4635:. French Ministry of Interior. 29 January 2021 4604: 4572: 4465:L'enracinement social de la mortalité routière 4434:"Des accidents de la route pas si accidentels" 4338:Road Casualties in Great Britain, Main Results 4105: 3715: 3703:Varghese, Cherian; Shankar, Umesh (May 2007). 2999: 2133:World report on road traffic injury prevention 1533:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 567:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 420:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 6364:List of people who died in traffic collisions 6147: 5565:Nichols, James L.; Ross, H. Laurence (1991). 5191:– International Transport Statistics Database 4201:. UK Department for Transport. Archived from 3588:. UK Department for Transport. Archived from 2915:. Austrian Academy of Science. Archived from 2906: 2648:"Why INRIX Now Uses "Crash" (Not "Accident")" 2077:Work-related road safety in the United States 1895:looks at the energy released during a crash. 1701:Hit and run § Country-specific penalties 355:) as well as more unofficial terms including 279:, while the U.S. Census Bureau uses the term 5434:"UK Car Insurance Company Statistical Value" 4287:Vasan, S.S.; Gururaj, G. (22 October 2021). 4286: 4040: 3520: 3303:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2301: 2257:Murray, Christopher J L (17 December 2014). 1736:: More severe driving misconduct, including 664:principles, rooted in the principles of the 6126:U.S. DOT Fatality Analysis Reporting System 5564: 5092:"Overview of Motor Vehicle Crashes in 2019" 4813: 4199:"Annual transport accidents and casualties" 4087:Broughton, J.; Walter, L. (February 2007). 3234:"forecasting older driver's accident rates" 2574:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 1289: 412:Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration 6154: 6140: 5593:"Why Russians Are Obsessed With Dash-Cams" 5331:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 4461: 4431: 4341:(Transport Statistics Bulletin ed.). 3387:Lascher, Edward L. and Michael R. Powers. 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3212:. Driving Standards Agency. Archived from 3011:Harry Lum; Jerry A. Reagan (Winter 1995). 2857:United States Department of Transportation 2746:"The Brutal Truth About Car Crash Suicide" 2040:Transportation safety in the United States 1870:Cars have come to represent a part of the 1673:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1494:in the United States. In 2019, there were 1432:Sustainable Development Goal 3, target 3.6 1091:schemes include tests for some aspects of 5590: 5408: 5398: 5041: 4898: 4304: 4140: 4082: 4080: 3881: 3407: 3093: 3024: 3022: 2347: 2345: 2284: 2274: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2224: 2214: 1909:used components of wrecked cars (such as 1726:. Other times, injured people can file a 750:official British road casualty statistics 69:The aftermath of an accident involving a 5465:"Quarterly General Insurance Statistics" 5431: 5133: 4400:"The Geography of Car Deaths in America" 4289:"Unhelmeted two-wheeler riders in India" 3993:Road Safety Report No. 24 ed.). UK 3721: 3502:"Problem definition and countermeasures" 3289:Sagberg, Fosser, & Saetermo (1997). 3136: 3134: 3132: 3094:St. Fleur, Nicholas (24 February 2016). 2123: 1858: 1591: 1579: 1546: 1476: 1468: 1465:Epidemiology of motor vehicle collisions 1036: 989: 954: 796: 788: 704:The U.S. Department of Transportation's 683: 502: 235: 189: 64: 56: 6010: 5818: 5615: 5613: 5515: 5189:International Road Assistance Programme 4945: 4943: 4695: 4653: 4629:"Chiffres de sécurité routière en 2020" 4552: 3827: 3320:"The efficacy of seat belt legislation" 3263: 3248: 2721: 2715: 2623:"2021 RESOLUTUION: CRASH, NOT ACCIDENT" 1265: 994:Electric scooter crash in New York City 14: 6395: 6161: 5769: 5689: 5488: 5353: 5245: 4911:from the original on 14 December 2023. 4255: 4077: 4013: 3667: 3019: 2978: 2828: 2766: 2342: 2256: 2241: 1661: 1630:The average yearly minimum temperature 1624:The extent of motor vehicle inspection 1559:allegedly crashed into a wall in 1771. 1441: 1404:resolution and debate was in 2003 The 1372:could impact on the number of crashes. 906:operating a mobile phone while driving 748:The contributory factor report in the 679: 6135: 5745:"Ford Settles Explorer Rollover Suit" 5538: 5360:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 5239: 5089: 4899:Leonhardt, David (11 December 2023). 4668: 4607:"Car-Crash Death Rate Surged in 2020" 4605:Craven McGinty, Jo (8 January 2021). 4293:The National Medical Journal of India 4268:from the original on 26 December 2007 3859: 3857: 3774: 3583:"Road Casualties Great Britain: 2006" 3472:Michigan Traffic Crash Facts (2019). 3445: 3317: 3226: 3198: 3129: 2743: 2677:Maryland Department of Transportation 2602:Michigan Department of Transportation 2136:. Geneva: World Health Organization. 1690: 648:This phenomenon has been observed in 444:Michigan Department of Transportation 440:Maryland Department of Transportation 5610: 5516:Shapiro, Joseph (29 December 2014). 5462: 5015: 4940: 4710: 4586:. National Safety Council. July 2021 4020:Ray Fuller; Jorge A. Santos (2002). 3977: 3945: 3351:Ben Hamilton-Baillie (Autumn 2005). 3204: 2767:Crosby, Rachel (18 September 2017). 2163: 778: 574:Drivers distracted by mobile devices 171:, road environment, driving skills, 6011:Kennedy, Randy (21 December 2011). 5770:Barash, Martina (12 October 2017). 4958:. World Health Organization. 2018. 4656:A Clinical Guide to Pediatric Sleep 4432:Grossetete, Mathieu (August 2016). 4106:David Bjerklie (30 November 2006). 4023:Human Factors for Highway Engineers 3115: 2698:"Why we say "crash" not "accident"" 2196: 535:Following collisions, long-lasting 379:, instead preferring terms such as 371:Criticism of "accident" terminology 24: 5988:. 20 November 2008. Archived from 5690:Gusner, Penny (23 February 2012). 5591:Galperina, Marina (13 June 2012). 4580:"Preliminary Semiannual Estimates" 4249: 4163:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1984.tb00130.x 3854: 3832:Drive Right for Safety and Savings 3616:Accident Analysis & Prevention 3325:. SAE Transactions. Archived from 3266:Road Accidents: Prevent or Punish? 2178:from the original on 13 April 2023 2164:Reid, Carlton (17 November 2019). 1529:Fatality Analysis Reporting System 1492:leading preventable cause of death 405:distractions such as mobile phones 173:impairment due to alcohol or drugs 61:A traffic collision in Japan, 2007 25: 6419: 6034: 5023:"UN raises child accidents alarm" 4888:from the original on 6 July 2023. 4553:Calvert, Scott (1 October 2020). 4256:Thomas, Ken (15 September 2006). 4108:"The Hidden Danger of Seat Belts" 3531:"The biggest killer on our roads" 3448:"Traffic Safety Facts – Speeding" 2744:Allen, Samantha (15 March 2016). 2702:Portland Bureau of Transportation 1905:series of silkscreened canvases. 1761: 1666: 1394: 493: 453:Portland Bureau of Transportation 134:increasingly falling out of favor 6220: 6212:Traffic collision reconstruction 6004: 5982:"Andy Warhol Death And Disaster" 5974: 5948: 5918: 5888: 5863: 5838: 5812: 5786: 5763: 5737: 5709: 5683: 5658: 5629: 5584: 5558: 5532: 5509: 5482: 5456: 5425: 5374: 5347: 5338: 5318: 5292: 5266: 5194: 5182: 5160: 5127: 5109: 5083: 4998: 4923:"Death rate from road accidents" 4915: 4854:. 12 August 2020. Archived from 4518:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01423.x 4177:"Safety First: the SSV/SRV cars" 4046: 3941:. National Safety Council. 2012. 3674:Lawyers Cooperative Publishing. 3125:. Drivers.com. 11 February 2000. 3123:"I'm a good driver: you're not!" 2907:Academy staff (September 2004). 2547:, 9 October 2014, archived from 2090: 2057:Traffic collision reconstruction 1787: 1507:prioritize safety improvements. 1125:'s introduction of standard fit 552: 530: 44:. For the Roseanne episode, see 5819:Wattles, Jackie (21 May 2017). 5670:Insurance Information Institute 5432:Robottom, Adam (26 July 2021). 4840: 4807: 4786: 4769:United Nations General Assembly 4762: 4745:United Nations General Assembly 4738: 4728: 4719: 4704: 4689: 4662: 4647: 4621: 4489: 4455: 4425: 4392: 4361: 4329: 4280: 4227:. Mercedes-Benz. Archived from 4217: 4191: 4169: 4134: 4099: 3928: 3906: 3821: 3800: 3722:McKernan, Megan (13 May 2015). 3642: 3575: 3494: 3465: 3439: 3404:. Palgrave Macmillan, 1998, p.3 3394: 3381: 3344: 3311: 3282: 3168: 3087: 3057: 3031: 2931: 2900: 2875: 2845: 2822: 2786: 2760: 2737: 2690: 2665: 2640: 2627:American Automobile Association 2615: 2562: 2535: 2511: 2483: 2455: 2441: 1458: 1402:United Nations General Assembly 927: 429:American Automobile Association 6359:List of level crossing crashes 5246:Norton, Peter (10 June 2022). 5134:Hallmark, Shauna (June 2002). 4343:Office for National Statistics 2803:. 7 April 2014. Archived from 2801:Insurance Institute of Ireland 2730:Accidents and their prevention 2411: 2389: 2367: 2190: 2157: 1982:Global road safety for workers 1845:sudden unintended acceleration 1584:Truck collision with house in 1501: 1419:, a specialized agency of the 1027:Vehicle design and maintenance 940: 706:Federal Highway Administration 416:Federal Highway Administration 225: 13: 1: 5503:10.1016/S0022-4375(96)00040-0 4183:. Keith Adams. Archived from 4093:Transport Research Laboratory 4056:Campaign for Safe Road Design 3997:. Spring 2003. Archived from 3991:Transport Research Laboratory 3961:. Spring 2003. Archived from 3628:10.1016/S0001-4575(97)00067-5 2748:. The Daily Beast Company LLC 2276:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 2216:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4 2116: 1596:A traffic collision from 1952 1376: 1241:and enhanced suspension with 1181:Road Casualties Great Britain 1121:safety package, and Saab and 1017:Campaign for Safe Road Design 960: 6377:Template:Automotive handling 6295:Assured clear distance ahead 5520:. NPR. All Things Considered 5326:"CDC – Motor Vehicle Safety" 4878:"OECD Data / Road Accidents" 4675:. Xulon Press. p. 127. 4462:Grossetete, Mathieu (2010). 3481:Michigan Traffic Crash Facts 2570:"A Crash is Not an Accident" 2197:Vos, Theo (22 August 2015). 1952:Assured Clear Distance Ahead 1920:) in his welded sculptures. 1148:experimental safety vehicles 767:Assured clear distance ahead 761:Assured clear distance ahead 521:non-traumatic cardiac arrest 138:Associated Press style guide 7: 6320:Lists of traffic collisions 6305:Driving under the influence 5666:"What is diminished value?" 5539:Roper, Eric (22 May 2016). 3836:. Scott, Foresman. p. 3750:"www.infrastructure.gov.au" 3039:"Traffic Safety Facts 2019" 2829:Palmer, Ken (6 July 2017). 2728:Quoting from JJ Leeming in 1997:Lists of traffic collisions 1939: 1766:In the United Kingdom, the 1522: 1421:United Nations Organization 785:Driving under the influence 672:Some crashes are intended; 498: 397:driving under the influence 391:. This is because the term 10: 6424: 6259:Multiple-vehicle collision 5875:www.janandersnelsonart.com 5574:Journal of Safety Research 5491:Journal of Safety Research 4091:. Project Report PPR 172. 2913:NOVA – Science in the News 2002:Multiple-vehicle collision 1818: 1694: 1542: 1462: 1387:Collision avoidance system 1380: 1030: 1019:, which is calling on the 944: 782: 764: 229: 36: 32:Car crash (disambiguation) 29: 6372: 6346: 6318: 6287: 6229: 6218: 6169: 6121:NHTSA Accident Statistics 6116:WHO road traffic injuries 6042: 5642:World Health Organization 4991:World Health Organization 4781:Global road safety crisis 4557:. Dow Jones & Company 4232:(Graph of accident share) 2944:American Family Physician 2673:"Crashes Are No Accident" 1770:, otherwise known as the 1417:World Health Organization 1336:Unfamiliarity with one's 543: 473: 321:personal injury collision 273:World Health Organization 5069:10.1001/jama.291.10.1238 3995:Department for Transport 3959:Department for Transport 3474:"Fact Sheets – Speeding" 3238:Department for Transport 3015:. Public Roads Magazine. 2773:Las Vegas Review-Journal 2083: 1934:film by David Cronenberg 1795:most U.S. states require 1749: 1313: 1290:COVID-19 lockdown impact 1247:anti-lock braking system 1232:anti-lock braking system 1177:Department for Transport 1103:conformance inspection. 175:, and behavior, notably 18:Motor vehicle collisions 6354:List of bridge failures 6244:Deer–vehicle collisions 5090:NHTSA (December 2020). 4696:Visagie, Brian (2014). 4026:. Emerald. p. 15. 3808:"Road Safety in Canada" 3205:Thew, Rosemary (2006). 2883:"Transportation Safety" 2833:. Lansing State Journal 1648:autonomous car incident 1588:, United Kingdom (1914) 1300:National Safety Council 920:National Safety Council 313:motor vehicle collision 281:motor vehicle accidents 216:Middle-income countries 142:vehicle-ramming attacks 87:motor vehicle collision 6269:Run-off-road collision 5930:www.saatchigallery.com 5926:"Accident Nº 6 detail" 5900:www.saatchigallery.com 5896:"Accident Nº 6 detail" 5400:10.3390/ijerph17124571 5354:Margie, Peden (2004). 5203:"Le fardier de Cugnot" 4672:William Divot Mulligan 4669:Bryan, Carson (2008). 4654:Mindell, Jodi (2010). 4345:. 2005. Archived from 3677:New York Jurisprudence 3264:Leeming, J.J. (1969). 1867: 1854: 1781: 1681:gross national product 1658:being tested by Uber. 1640: 1597: 1589: 1560: 1482: 1474: 1207:, which have a higher 1050: 995: 975: 892:muscarinic antagonists 880:over-the-counter drugs 802: 794: 701: 606: 508: 484:vehicle-ramming attack 341:road traffic collision 245: 202: 194:A collision between a 179:, distracted driving, 163:, speed of operation, 100:with another vehicle, 78: 62: 5221:"Mary Ward 1827–1869" 4852:trafficresearch.co.uk 4771: Session 57 4747: Session 60 4438:Le Monde diplomatique 3219:on 16 February 2008. 2985:nationalacadamies.org 1932:that was made into a 1862: 1819:Further information: 1776: 1633:The income per capita 1610: 1595: 1583: 1557:Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot 1550: 1480: 1472: 1436:Stockholm Declaration 1217:Mercedes-Benz A-Class 1040: 993: 958: 820:before the collision. 800: 792: 783:Further information: 687: 601: 506: 349:road traffic incident 333:road traffic accident 239: 208:high-income countries 193: 68: 60: 6382:Template:Traffic law 6279:Single-vehicle crash 5871:"American Landscape" 5209:on 26 February 2011. 5170:. Fars.nhtsa.dot.gov 5148:on 24 September 2015 5123:on 26 November 2006. 4824:10.1061/41064(358)94 4711:Katz, Diane (1979). 4306:10.25259/NMJI_455_18 4065:on 22 September 2013 3883:10.1093/sleep/zsx001 3446:NHTSA (April 2020). 3318:Adams, John (1982). 2979:Pishue, Bob (2020). 2598:"Crash Not Accident" 2407:on 19 November 2013. 2385:on 25 December 2007. 1977:Forensic engineering 1808:system and others a 1734:Criminal prosecution 1430:The United Nations' 1266:Sociological factors 1142:In the early 1970s, 1068:Professor John Adams 814:Government of Canada 537:psychological trauma 232:Road collision types 212:low-income countries 6202:Vehicle extrication 5936:on 16 February 2016 5906:on 16 February 2016 5798:Wall Street Journal 5620:Ministry of Justice 4510:2010RiskA..30.1411F 4374:The Washington Post 4234:on 16 February 2008 4205:on 16 December 2007 4155:1984RiskA...4...41L 4122:on 10 December 2006 3989:(Research summary, 3828:Kaywood, A (1982). 3563:on 21 November 2002 3557:"Speeding research" 3537:on 21 November 2002 3508:on 21 November 2002 3244:on 6 February 2007. 3156:on 16 February 2008 3075:on 25 February 2021 2496:The Washington Post 2419:"Current Incidents" 2363:on 6 February 2014. 2062:Vehicle extrication 2051:Unsafe at Any Speed 2045:Underride collision 1947:Accident management 1799:liability insurance 1724:vicarious liability 1662:Society and culture 1442:Collision migration 1383:Road traffic safety 1277:Similar studies in 1136:Unsafe at Any Speed 1095:, such as the UK's 947:Highway engineering 832:physical impairment 823:Physical impairment 680:Motor vehicle speed 277:road traffic injury 6403:Traffic collisions 6300:Distracted driving 6264:Rear-end collision 6163:Traffic collisions 6017:The New York Times 5992:on 30 October 2021 5800:. 24 November 2000 5751:. 28 November 2007 5444:on 28 January 2022 5278:The New York Times 5227:on 1 February 2010 5029:. 10 December 2008 4905:The New York Times 4187:on 8 October 2007. 4001:on 2 February 2010 3965:on 29 January 2007 3180:Galway Independent 2810:on 4 December 2017 2551:on 30 October 2021 2468:The New York Times 2429:on 13 January 2022 2379:U.S. Census Bureau 2106:Russell's carriage 2102:John Scott Russell 2010:, English case law 1888:American Landscape 1868: 1864:American Landscape 1814:insurance carriers 1810:no-fault insurance 1742:vehicular homicide 1691:Legal consequences 1646:The world's first 1598: 1590: 1561: 1531:(FARS) run by the 1483: 1475: 1448:accident blackspot 1220:notoriously failed 1089:vehicle inspection 1051: 1045:was involved in a 996: 976: 876:prescription drugs 803: 795: 702: 698:traffic congestion 623:. Some countries' 513:blunt force trauma 509: 488:vehicular homicide 246: 203: 177:aggressive driving 150:vehicular homicide 85:, also known as a 79: 63: 6390: 6389: 6249:Head-on collision 6239:Back-up collision 6192:Roadside memorial 6111: 6110: 5012:. 17 August 2009. 5010:Business Standard 4927:Our World in Data 4633:interieur.gouv.fr 4410:. 15 October 2015 4262:Insurance Journal 3762:on 26 August 2021 3360:Countryside Voice 3275:978-0-304-93213-9 3069:www.vtnews.vt.edu 2919:on 6 January 2013 2320:978-92-4-156456-4 2209:(9995): 743–800. 2020:Roadside memorial 1972:Defensive driving 1797:drivers to carry 1728:product liability 1710:Traffic citations 1697:Vehicle insurance 1453:risk compensation 1243:stability control 1239:center of gravity 1228:stability control 1209:center of gravity 1187:Center of gravity 1072:risk compensation 1033:Automobile safety 862:Sleep deprivation 812:According to the 779:Driver impairment 650:risk compensation 617:rules of the road 480:vehicular suicide 451:commitments, the 154:vehicular suicide 83:traffic collision 16:(Redirected from 6415: 6224: 6207:Vehicle recovery 6156: 6149: 6142: 6133: 6132: 6040: 6039: 6028: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6008: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5978: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5932:. 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Archived from 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5054: 5045: 5039: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5019: 5013: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4987: 4979: 4970: 4969: 4957: 4947: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4790: 4784: 4766: 4760: 4742: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4666: 4660: 4659: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4640: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4562: 4550: 4541: 4540: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4446: 4444: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4415: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4382: 4377:. 1 October 2015 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4308: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4233: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4118:. Archived from 4103: 4097: 4096: 4084: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4064: 4058:. Archived from 4053: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3981: 3975: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3949: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3885: 3861: 3852: 3851: 3835: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3815:Transport Canada 3812: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3761: 3755:. Archived from 3754: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3733: 3731: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3657: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3595:on 13 April 2008 3594: 3587: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3553: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3527: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3478: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3426: 3419: 3411: 3405: 3400:Dornstein, Ken. 3398: 3392: 3391:. Springer, 2001 3385: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3369:on 13 April 2008 3368: 3362:. Archived from 3357: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3331: 3324: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3302: 3294: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3261: 3246: 3245: 3240:. 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Archived from 2305: 2299: 2298: 2288: 2278: 2269:(9963): 117–71. 2254: 2239: 2238: 2228: 2218: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2127: 2110: 2094: 2067:Warning triangle 1930:sexual fetishism 1907:John Chamberlain 1738:impaired driving 1656:self-driving car 1553:fardier à vapeur 1156:anti-lock brakes 1043:Chevrolet Malibu 1014: 1013: 1009: 965: 962: 464:culture of blame 424:Associated Press 289:Transport Canada 93:, occurs when a 21: 6423: 6422: 6418: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6413: 6412: 6408:Causes of death 6393: 6392: 6391: 6386: 6368: 6342: 6314: 6283: 6231:Road collisions 6225: 6216: 6187:Park-to-reverse 6165: 6160: 6112: 6107: 6106: 6051: 6037: 6032: 6031: 6021: 6019: 6009: 6005: 5995: 5993: 5980: 5979: 5975: 5965: 5963: 5954: 5953: 5949: 5939: 5937: 5924: 5923: 5919: 5909: 5907: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5879: 5877: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5854: 5852: 5844: 5843: 5839: 5829: 5827: 5817: 5813: 5803: 5801: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5777: 5775: 5774:. Bloomberg BNA 5768: 5764: 5754: 5752: 5743: 5742: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5719: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5700: 5698: 5688: 5684: 5674: 5672: 5664: 5663: 5659: 5652: 5634: 5630: 5618: 5611: 5601: 5599: 5589: 5585: 5569: 5563: 5559: 5549: 5547: 5537: 5533: 5523: 5521: 5514: 5510: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5461: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5430: 5426: 5379: 5375: 5368: 5352: 5348: 5343: 5339: 5334:. 24 June 2021. 5324: 5323: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5306:. 19 March 2018 5298: 5297: 5293: 5283: 5281: 5280:. 19 March 2018 5272: 5271: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5244: 5240: 5230: 5228: 5219: 5218: 5214: 5201: 5199: 5195: 5187: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5166: 5165: 5161: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5138: 5132: 5128: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5088: 5084: 5063:(10): 1238–45. 5052: 5046: 5042: 5032: 5030: 5021: 5020: 5016: 5003: 4999: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4973: 4966: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4941: 4931: 4929: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4897: 4893: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4861: 4859: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4834: 4812: 4808: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4773:Verbatim Report 4767: 4763: 4749:Verbatim Report 4743: 4739: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4720: 4709: 4705: 4694: 4690: 4683: 4667: 4663: 4652: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4612: 4610: 4609:. Dow Jones Inc 4603: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4560: 4558: 4551: 4544: 4494: 4490: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4460: 4456: 4442: 4440: 4430: 4426: 4413: 4411: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4380: 4378: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4352: 4350: 4349:on 17 July 2007 4335: 4334: 4330: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4254: 4250: 4237: 4235: 4231: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4197: 4196: 4192: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4104: 4100: 4085: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4051: 4045: 4041: 4034: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3983: 3982: 3978: 3968: 3966: 3951: 3950: 3946: 3938: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3862: 3855: 3848: 3826: 3822: 3810: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3791: 3789: 3788:on 19 June 2013 3780: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3752: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3729: 3727: 3720: 3716: 3701: 3697: 3672: 3668: 3655: 3653: 3652:. US Legal, Inc 3648: 3647: 3643: 3612: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3592: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3529: 3528: 3521: 3511: 3509: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3476: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3399: 3395: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3355: 3353:"Streets ahead" 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3332:on 23 June 2006 3329: 3322: 3316: 3312: 3296: 3295: 3287: 3283: 3276: 3262: 3249: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3216: 3209: 3203: 3199: 3189: 3187: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3146: 3140: 3139: 3130: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3092: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3063: 3062: 3058: 3048: 3046: 3037: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3020: 3009: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2977: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2936: 2932: 2922: 2920: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2836: 2834: 2827: 2823: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2787: 2777: 2775: 2765: 2761: 2751: 2749: 2742: 2738: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2704: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2681: 2679: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2631: 2629: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2606: 2604: 2596: 2595: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2554: 2552: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2516: 2512: 2502: 2500: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2474: 2472: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2395: 2394: 2390: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2351: 2350: 2343: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2321: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2255: 2242: 2195: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2162: 2158: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2113: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2081: 1967:Crashworthiness 1942: 1857: 1823: 1790: 1764: 1756:insurance fraud 1752: 1703: 1693: 1669: 1664: 1636: 1545: 1525: 1504: 1467: 1461: 1444: 1397: 1389: 1379: 1363:People-watching 1316: 1292: 1268: 1201:people carriers 1170:stronger bodies 1144:British Leyland 1035: 1029: 1011: 1007: 1006: 972:median barriers 963: 953: 945:Main articles: 943: 930: 910:classical music 874:Including some 844:have enacted a 787: 781: 773:field of vision 769: 763: 739:New South Wales 682: 555: 546: 533: 523:and death. The 501: 496: 476: 401:excessive speed 373: 262:side collisions 234: 228: 53: 46:Fender Bender ( 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6421: 6411: 6410: 6405: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6350: 6348: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6324: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6276: 6274:Side collision 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6235: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6166: 6159: 6158: 6151: 6144: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6123: 6118: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6093: 6074: 6052: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6043:Classification 6036: 6035:External links 6033: 6030: 6029: 6003: 5973: 5947: 5917: 5887: 5862: 5846:"Desert Wreck" 5837: 5811: 5785: 5762: 5736: 5708: 5682: 5657: 5650: 5644:. p. 44. 5628: 5609: 5583: 5557: 5531: 5508: 5481: 5455: 5438:CarCrashProfit 5424: 5373: 5366: 5346: 5337: 5317: 5291: 5265: 5238: 5212: 5193: 5181: 5159: 5126: 5108: 5082: 5040: 5014: 4997: 4971: 4964: 4939: 4914: 4891: 4869: 4839: 4832: 4806: 4785: 4761: 4737: 4727: 4718: 4703: 4688: 4681: 4661: 4658:. p. 259. 4646: 4620: 4597: 4571: 4542: 4504:(9): 1411–23. 4488: 4474: 4454: 4424: 4391: 4360: 4328: 4299:(3): 171–172. 4279: 4248: 4216: 4190: 4168: 4133: 4098: 4076: 4047:Hill, Joanne. 4039: 4033:978-0080434124 4032: 4012: 3976: 3944: 3927: 3916:. Infoniac.com 3905: 3853: 3846: 3820: 3799: 3773: 3741: 3714: 3695: 3666: 3641: 3606: 3574: 3548: 3519: 3493: 3464: 3438: 3427:on 28 May 2010 3406: 3393: 3380: 3343: 3310: 3281: 3274: 3247: 3225: 3197: 3186:on 10 May 2009 3167: 3128: 3114: 3101:New York Times 3086: 3056: 3030: 3018: 2998: 2968: 2950:(2): 524–530. 2930: 2899: 2874: 2844: 2821: 2785: 2759: 2736: 2714: 2689: 2664: 2639: 2614: 2586: 2561: 2534: 2510: 2482: 2454: 2440: 2410: 2388: 2366: 2341: 2319: 2300: 2240: 2189: 2156: 2142: 2121: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2098:steam carriage 2088: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2012: 2008:Powell v Moody 2004: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1872:American Dream 1856: 1853: 1789: 1786: 1763: 1762:United Kingdom 1760: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1731: 1716:Civil lawsuits 1713: 1692: 1689: 1668: 1667:Economic costs 1665: 1663: 1660: 1652:The pedestrian 1635: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1544: 1541: 1524: 1521: 1503: 1500: 1463:Main article: 1460: 1457: 1443: 1440: 1425:cause of death 1396: 1395:United Nations 1393: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1370:safety culture 1366: 1360: 1355:design, dense 1345: 1342:center console 1334: 1328: 1325: 1315: 1312: 1291: 1288: 1267: 1264: 1255: 1254: 1245:linked to its 1189: 1188: 1106:The design of 1093:roadworthiness 1084: 1083: 1056: 1055: 1031:Main article: 1028: 1025: 942: 939: 929: 926: 925: 924: 902: 899: 884:antihistamines 872: 864: 863: 860: 854: 851: 846:zero-tolerance 838: 835: 824: 821: 810: 780: 777: 765:Main article: 762: 759: 729: 728: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 681: 678: 674:staged crashes 658:Hans Monderman 656:In the 1990s, 597: 596: 593: 590: 554: 551: 545: 542: 532: 529: 500: 497: 495: 494:Health effects 492: 475: 472: 372: 369: 275:uses the term 254:road departure 227: 224: 196:Renault Kangoo 161:vehicle design 146:staged crashes 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6420: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6383: 6380: 6378: 6375: 6374: 6371: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6347:Related lists 6345: 6339: 6338:By death toll 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6317: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6223: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6157: 6152: 6150: 6145: 6143: 6138: 6137: 6134: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6103: 6099: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6045: 6041: 6018: 6014: 6007: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5977: 5962:. 23 May 2016 5961: 5957: 5951: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5876: 5872: 5866: 5851: 5847: 5841: 5826: 5822: 5815: 5799: 5795: 5789: 5773: 5766: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5725: 5718: 5712: 5697: 5693: 5686: 5671: 5667: 5661: 5653: 5651:92-4-156260-9 5647: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5621: 5616: 5614: 5598: 5594: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5568: 5561: 5546: 5542: 5535: 5519: 5512: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5485: 5470: 5466: 5459: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5428: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5377: 5369: 5363: 5359: 5358: 5350: 5341: 5333: 5332: 5327: 5321: 5305: 5301: 5295: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5253: 5252:Bloomberg.com 5249: 5242: 5226: 5222: 5216: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5190: 5185: 5169: 5163: 5144: 5137: 5130: 5122: 5118: 5112: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5051: 5044: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4993: 4992: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4967: 4965:9789241565585 4961: 4954: 4953: 4946: 4944: 4928: 4924: 4918: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4895: 4887: 4883: 4882:data.OECD.org 4879: 4873: 4858:on 9 May 2021 4857: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4835: 4833:9780784410646 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4810: 4795: 4789: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4765: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4741: 4731: 4722: 4715:. p. 27. 4714: 4707: 4700:. p. 48. 4699: 4692: 4684: 4682:9781606474723 4678: 4674: 4673: 4665: 4657: 4650: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4608: 4601: 4585: 4581: 4575: 4568: 4556: 4549: 4547: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4492: 4477: 4475:9782021030297 4471: 4467: 4466: 4458: 4451: 4439: 4436:(in French). 4435: 4428: 4421: 4409: 4405: 4404:Bloomberg.com 4401: 4395: 4388: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4364: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4332: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4283: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4143:Risk Analysis 4137: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4094: 4090: 4083: 4081: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4043: 4035: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4016: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3987: 3980: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3948: 3937: 3931: 3915: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3860: 3858: 3849: 3847:9780673100863 3843: 3839: 3834: 3833: 3824: 3817:. p. 17. 3816: 3809: 3803: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3758: 3751: 3745: 3738: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3706: 3699: 3692: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3670: 3663: 3651: 3645: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3610: 3591: 3584: 3578: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3524: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3423: 3416: 3410: 3403: 3397: 3390: 3384: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3347: 3328: 3321: 3314: 3306: 3300: 3292: 3285: 3277: 3271: 3267: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3222: 3215: 3208: 3201: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3171: 3152: 3145: 3144: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3124: 3118: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3090: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3060: 3044: 3040: 3034: 3025: 3023: 3014: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2986: 2982: 2975: 2973: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2903: 2888: 2884: 2878: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2832: 2825: 2806: 2802: 2795: 2789: 2774: 2770: 2763: 2747: 2740: 2733: 2731: 2725: 2718: 2703: 2699: 2693: 2678: 2674: 2668: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2628: 2624: 2618: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2591: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2538: 2520: 2514: 2498: 2497: 2492: 2486: 2471:. 22 May 2016 2470: 2469: 2464: 2458: 2450: 2449:"M1 Motorway" 2444: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2414: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2392: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2370: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2348: 2346: 2326: 2322: 2316: 2312: 2311: 2304: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2193: 2177: 2173: 2172: 2167: 2160: 2145: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2126: 2122: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2089: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2052: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2030:Solomon curve 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1944: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1913:and crumpled 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1894: 1893:Accident Nº 6 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1865: 1861: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1834: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1788:United States 1785: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1757: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1677: 1674: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1639: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1609: 1607: 1606:drunk-driving 1603: 1594: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1575:J. J. Leeming 1573: 1572:road engineer 1568: 1566: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1520: 1518: 1512: 1508: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1487: 1479: 1471: 1466: 1456: 1454: 1449: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1371: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1319: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1301: 1296: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1272:United States 1263: 1260: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1230:linked to an 1229: 1225: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1171: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1133:'s 1965 book 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064:Seat belt use 1061: 1053: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1024: 1022: 1021:UK Government 1018: 1003: 1001: 992: 988: 984: 982: 981:human factors 973: 969: 957: 952: 948: 938: 935: 923: 921: 915: 911: 907: 903: 900: 897: 896:illegal drugs 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 870: 869: 868: 861: 858: 855: 852: 850: 847: 839: 836: 833: 829: 825: 822: 819: 815: 811: 808: 807: 806: 799: 791: 786: 776: 774: 768: 758: 754: 751: 746: 744: 740: 735: 732: 726: 723: 720: 717: 714: 711: 710: 709: 707: 699: 695: 691: 686: 677: 675: 670: 667: 663: 659: 654: 651: 646: 643: 642:human machine 637: 634: 628: 626: 625:driving tests 622: 621:speed cameras 618: 613: 611: 605: 600: 594: 591: 588: 587: 586: 583: 578: 575: 571: 568: 564: 559: 553:Human factors 550: 541: 538: 531:Psychological 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 505: 491: 489: 485: 481: 471: 469: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 425: 421: 417: 413: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 368: 366: 365:fender bender 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 329:road accident 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 293:auto accident 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 269: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 243: 238: 233: 223: 221: 217: 213: 209: 201: 197: 192: 188: 186: 185:street racing 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 157: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 96: 92: 88: 84: 76: 72: 67: 59: 55: 51: 49: 43: 41: 40:Fender Bender 33: 19: 6333:2000–present 6177:Epidemiology 6162: 6095: 6076: 6068: 6055: 6020:. 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