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eruption would stop before the artificial basins created behind the barriers would be completely filled. Instead, the eruption continued, and lava surmounted the barriers, heading directly toward
Zafferana. Engineers then decided to use explosives near the source of the lava flow, to disrupt a very efficient lava tube system through which the lava travelled for up to 7 km (4 mi) without losing significant heat or fluidity. The main explosion on 23 May 1992 destroyed the tube and forced the lava into a new artificial channel, far from Zafferana, and it would have taken months to re-establish a long lava tube. Shortly after the blasting, the rate of lava emission dropped, and during the remainder of the eruption (until 30 March 1993) the lava never advanced close to the town again.
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stopping in the rear of the
Benedictine monastery, without reaching the centre of the town. Contrary to widespread reports of up to 15,000 (or even 20,000) human fatalities caused by the lava, contemporaneous accounts written both in Italian and English mention no deaths related to the 1669 eruption (but give very precise figures of the number of buildings destroyed, the area of cultivated land lost, and the economic damage). Therefore, it is uncertain where the enormous number of fatalities can be attributed. One possibility is confusion between this eruption and an earthquake that devastated southeast Sicily (including Catania) 24 years later in
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903:, close to or even well within inhabited areas. Numerous villages and small towns lie around or on cones of past flank eruptions. Since the year AD 1600, at least 60 flank eruptions and countless summit eruptions have occurred; nearly half of these have happened since the start of the 20th century. Since 2000, Etna has had four flank eruptions – in 2001, 2002–2003, 2004–2005, and 2008–2009. Summit eruptions occurred in 2006, 2007–2008, January–April 2012, in July–October 2012, December 2018, and again in February 2021.
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1220:. Seismic activity in this eruption caused the eastern flanks of the volcano to slip by up to two metres, and many houses on the flanks of the volcano experienced structural damage. The eruption also completely destroyed the tourist station Piano Provenzana, on the northeastern flank of the volcano, and part of the tourist station "Etna Sud" around the Rifugio Sapienza on the south flank. Footage from the eruptions was recorded by
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the longest flank eruption of Etna since the 1991–1993 eruption that lasted 473 days. Previous eruptions, in 2001, 2002–2003, and 2004–2005 had lasted 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. Lava flows advanced 6.5 km during the first few days of this eruption but thereafter stagnated at many minor distances from the vents; during the last months of the eruption lava rarely advanced more than 1 km downslope.
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the villages of Santa Tecla and Stazzo are built on the broad delta built by this lava flow into the sea; (2) an eruption in about 1160 (or 1224), from a fissure at only 350–450 m (1,148–1,476 ft) elevation on the south-southeast flank near the village of
Mascalucia, whose lava flow reached the sea just to the north of Catania, in the area now occupied by the portion of the city named Ognina.
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1117:, lying down-slope of the Ripe della Naca, was almost completely destroyed in two days. Only a church and a few surrounding buildings survived in the north part of the village, called Sant'Antonino or "il quartiere". During the last days of the eruption, the flow interrupted the Messina-Catania railway line and destroyed the train station of Mascali. The event was used by
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2211:. This claim has been contested, however, as "there is no evidence of tsunami deposits, nor of sudden and catastrophic changes such as damaged structures, whole animal carcases or evidence of traumatic injury, such as might be expected to result from a tsunami event" (Galili E., Rosen B., Evron M.W., Hershkovitz I., Eshed V., Horwitz L.K. (2020)
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was blown west by the wind and then turned southeast. There was large lava flow in the western flank. On 19 February at 10.15 am there was an explosive eruption, again from the
Southeast Crater, high lava fountains and lava flows, the longest of which went down the north-eastern flank towards the Bove Valley.
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An eruption on 24 December 2018, following a dyke intrusion at shallow depth, spewed ash into the air, forcing the closure of airspace around Mount Etna. Two days later, a magnitude 4.9 earthquake shook the town of Fleri and surrounding towns and hamlets in the
Province of Catania, damaging buildings
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The most recent collapse event at the summit of Etna is thought to have occurred about 2,000 years ago, forming what is known as the Piano
Caldera. This caldera has been almost entirely filled by subsequent lava eruptions but is still visible as a distinct break in the slope of the mountain near
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Volcanic activity first took place at Etna about 500,000 years ago, with eruptions occurring beneath the sea off the ancient coastline of Sicily. About 300,000 years ago, volcanism began occurring to the southwest of the summit (centre top of the volcano), then activity moved towards the present
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Through
January 2011 to February 2012, the summit craters of Etna were the site of intense activity. Frequent eruptions and ash columns forced the authorities to shut down the Catania airport on several occasions. The July 2011 episode also endangered the Sapienza Refuge, the main tourist hub on the
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An eruption on the morning of 13 May 2008, immediately to the east of Etna's summit craters was accompanied by a swarm of more than 200 earthquakes and significant ground deformation in the summit area. The eruption continued at a slowly diminishing rate for 417 days, until 6 July 2009, making this
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On 4 September 2007, a major episode of lava fountaining occurred from the new vent on the east side of the
Southeast Crater, also producing a plume of ash and scoriae which fell over the east flank of the volcano. A lava flow travelled about 4.5 km (2.8 mi) into the uninhabited Valle del
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Following six years (1995–2001) of unusually intense activity at the four summit craters of Etna, the volcano produced its first flank eruption since 1991–1993 in July–August 2001. This eruption, which involved activity from seven distinct eruptive fissures mostly on the south slope of the volcano,
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Other major 20th-century eruptions occurred in 1949, 1971, 1979, 1981, 1983 and 1991–1993. In 1971, lava buried the Etna
Observatory (built in the late 19th century), destroyed the first generation of the Etna cable-car, and seriously threatened several small villages on Etna's east flank. In March
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five weeks later, on 15 April. The lava was largely diverted by these walls into the sea to the south of the city, filling the harbour of
Catania. A small portion of lava eventually broke through a fragile section of the city walls on the western side of Catania and destroyed a few buildings before
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During the first 1500 years CE, many eruptions went unrecorded (or records have been lost); among the more significant are: (1) an eruption in about 1030 CE near Monte Ilice on the lower southeast flank, which produced a lava flow that travelled about 10 km, reaching the sea north of Acireale;
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In February 2022 there were two eruptions. On 11 February 2022, at 6 pm, there were lava fountains from the Southeast Crater which became a single Strombolian eruption by 7 pm. Between 10 and 11 pm it had reached a height of almost 1,000 m and lava bombs were thrown at a considerable distance. Ash
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On 3 December 2015, an eruption occurred which climaxed between 03:20 and 04:10 local time. The Voragine crater exhibited a lava fountain which reached 1 km (3,300 ft) in height, with an ash plume which reached 3 km (9,800 ft) in height. The activity continued on the following
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Eruptions of Etna follow multiple patterns. Most occur at the summit, where there are five distinct craters: the Northeast Crater, the Voragine, the Bocca Nuova, and two at the Southeast Crater Complex. Other eruptions occur on the flanks, which have more than 300 vents ranging in size from small
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station which had previously been destroyed in the 1983 eruption; it has now been rebuilt. Following a slow and non-destructive lava outflow on the upper southeastern flank between September 2004 and March 2005, intense eruptions occurred at the Southeast Crater in July–December 2006. These were
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stages (Monte Calanna; Trifoglietto 1; Trifoglietto 2), then to the present Mongibello system (which has developed in two successive stages from about 15,000 years ago). The volcanic activity has gradually shifted from SE to NW (from offshore to onshore). The Valle del Bove is the former eastern
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A major eruption took place in June 1923, lasting from 6 June until 29 June. A large lava flow from an eruption in 1928 led to the destruction of a population centre for the first time since the 1669 eruption. The eruption started high on Etna's northeast flank on 2 November. Then new eruptive
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On 29 May 2022 a sudden collapse of the Southeast Crater created a fracture on its northern flank at an elevation of circa 2,800 m (9,186 ft). A small lava flow emerged and headed in the direction of the Leone Valley, just above the much larger Bove Valley. It continued for three days and was
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threatened by a lava flow, but successful diversion efforts saved the town with the loss of only one building a few hundred metres from the town's margin. Initially, such efforts consisted of the construction of earth barriers built perpendicularly to the flow direction; it was hoped that the
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Beginning in February 2021, Mount Etna began a series of explosive eruptions, which have had an impact on nearby villages and cities, with volcanic ash and rock falling as far away as Catania. As of 12 March 2021, the volcano has erupted 11 times in three weeks. The eruptions have
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centre 170,000 years ago. Eruptions at this time built up the first major volcanic edifice, forming a stratovolcano in alternating explosive and effusive eruptions. The growth of the mountain was occasionally interrupted by major eruptions, leading to the collapse of the summit to form
1209:. It also occurred close to one of the tourist areas on the volcano, and thus was easily accessible. Part of the "Etna Sud" tourist area, including the arrival station of the Etna cable car, were damaged by this eruption, which otherwise was a rather modest-sized event by Etna standards.
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fissures opened at decreasing elevations down the flank of the volcano. The third and most vigorous of these fissures opened late on 4 November at an unusually low elevation, approximately 1,200 m (3,937 ft) above sea-level, in a zone known as Ripe della Naca. The village of
1434:, one of the first recorded events of this type, which are extremely rare. This happened again in 2000. Video footage of 8 June 2000 event was captured. Another event occurred on 11 April 2013. Other similar events occurred during the summer of 2023 (see photo) and 2024.
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with a current height (September 2024) of 3,403 m (11,165 ft), though this varies with summit eruptions. For instance, in 2021 the southeastern crater reached a height of 3,357 m, but was then surpassed by the Voragine crater after the summer 2024 eruptions.
1082:. A study on the damage and fatalities caused by eruptions of Etna in historical times reveals that only 77 human deaths are attributable with certainty to eruptions of Etna, most recently in 1987 when two tourists were killed by a sudden explosion near the summit.
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Aiuppa, Alessandro; Moretti, Roberto; Federico, Cinzia; Giudice, Gaetano; Gurrieri, Sergio; Liuzzo, Marco; Papale, Paolo; Shinohara, Hiroshi; Valenza, Mariano (1 December 2008). "Forecasting Etna eruptions by real-time observation of volcanic gas composition".
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The elevation varies with volcanic activity. The volcano last erupted 21 May 2023. It is frequently given as 3,350 m (10,990 ft), but many sources that support this concede that this is approximate. The coordinates given, which are consistent with
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for propaganda purposes, with the evacuation, aid, and rebuilding operations being presented as models of fascist planning. Mascali was rebuilt on a new site, and its church contains the Italian fascist symbol of the torch, placed above the statue of
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Etna is one of Sicily's main tourist attractions, with thousands of visitors every year. The most common route is through the road leading to Sapienza Refuge ski area, lying at the south of the crater at elevation of 1,910 m. From the Refuge, a
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holes in the ground to large craters hundreds of metres across. Summit eruptions can be highly explosive and spectacular but rarely threaten the inhabited areas around the volcano. In contrast, flank eruptions can occur down to a few hundred metres
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1981, the town of Randazzo on the northwestern flank of Etna narrowly escaped destruction by unusually fast-moving lava flows. That eruption was remarkably similar to one in 1928 that destroyed Mascali. The 1991–1993 eruption saw the town of
878:, while it is clear from her name that the fairy queen in question is Morgan le Fay, the rich underworld queendom of which she is the mistress is accessed not through a fiery grotto on the slopes of Etna, but through a 'fountain' (i.e., a
882:) – a circumstance more in keeping with Morgan's original watery, rather than fiery, associations, before her incorporation into the folklore of Sicily. Another Sicilian conception of the fairy realm or castle of Morgan le Fay is the
835:(dating from the late twelfth century) featuring accounts of Arthur's returning of a lost horse which had strayed into his subterranean kingdom beneath Etna. Caesarius quotes as his authority for the story a certain canon
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971:. The landslide left a large depression in the side of the volcano, known as 'Valle del Bove' (Valley of the Ox). Research published in 2006 suggested this occurred around 8,000 years ago, and caused a huge
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1073:, Etna's most destructive since 122 BCE, started on 11 March 1669 and produced lava flows that destroyed at least 10 villages on its southern flank before reaching the city walls of the town of
1740:
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1043:, where many roofs collapsed. To help with reconstruction after the devastating effects of the eruption, the Roman government exempted the population of Catania from paying taxes for ten years.
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days, with an ash plume that reached 7 km (23,000 ft) in height that forced Catania airport to shut down for a few hours. Volcanic gas emissions from this volcano are measured by a
993:
Mount Etna is moving towards the Mediterranean Sea at an average rate of 14 mm (0.55 in) per year, the massif sliding on an unconsolidated layer above the older sloping terrain.
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As "Europe's most active volcano", eruptions occur frequently (with as many as 16 eruptions taking place in 2001). However, several eruptions of note have occurred over the last century.
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spread across the lower slopes of the mountain and the broad Plain of Catania to the south. Due to its history of recent activity and nearby population, Mount Etna has been designated a
1658:
823:" and were then transplanted into a Sicilian milieu, by Bretons impressed by the already otherworldly associations of the great, volcanic mountain of their new home. Mediaevalist
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Duncan, Angus M.; Dibben, Christopher; Chester, David K.; Guest, John E. (1996). "The 1928 Eruption of Mount Etna Volcano, Sicily, and the Destruction of the Town of Mascali".
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Mount Etna is one of the world's most active volcanoes and is in an almost constant state of activity. The fertile volcanic soils produced from this activity support extensive
1533:– Round-Etna railway – is a narrow-gauge railway constructed between 1889 and 1895. It runs around the volcano in a 110-km long semi-circle starting in Catania and ending in
2135:
Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages: A Collaborative History ed. Roger Sherman Loomis, pub. Oxford University Press 1959, special edition for Sandpiper Books Ltd. 2001,
2001:
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5th edition (1817) quotes from the eyewitness report of Lord Winchelsea, Ambassador to Constantinople, to the Court of England. It happens not to mention casualties.
2219:, vol 35. Springer, Cham). See also, Galili, E., Horwitz, L. K., Hershkovitz, I., Eshed, V., Salamon, A., Zviely, D., Weinstein‐Evron, M., and Greenfield, H. (2008),
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was well covered by the mass-media because it occurred at the height of the tourist season and numerous reporters and journalists were already in Italy to cover the
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Etna covers an area of 1,190 km (459 sq mi) with a basal circumference of 140 km (87 miles). This makes it by far the largest of the three
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of the Mt. Etna volcanic complex (not to scale), showing its evolution from an early stage of submarine fissural activity, producing pillow lavas and a first
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Comment on "Holocene tsunamis from Mount Etna and the fate of Israeli Neolithic communities" by Maria Teresa Pareschi, Enzo Boschi, and Massimiliano Favalli
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On August 14, 2024, Mt. Etna erupted violently sending an ash cloud 9.5km into the atmosphere. Catania Airport was forced to close the following day.
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The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from Their Commencement, in 1665, to the Year 1800; Abridged...: From 1665 to 1672. 1
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followed by four episodes of lava fountaining, again at the Southeast Crater, on 29 March, 11 April, 29 April and 7 May 2007. Ash emissions and
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3069:"Terremoto 4 km NE Viagrande (CT), Magnitudo Mw 4.9, 26 dicembre 2018 ore 03:19:14 (Fuso Orario Italia) » INGV Centro Nazionale Terremoti"
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consistently sent ash clouds over 10 km (33,000 ft) into the air, closing Sicilian airports. There have been no reports of injuries.
1881:
Thomaidis, Konstantinos; Troll, Valentin R.; Deegan, Frances M.; Freda, Carmela; Corsaro, Rosa A.; Behncke, Boris; Rafailidis, Savvas (2021).
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Pareschi, M. T.; Boschi, E. & Favalli, M. (2007), "Holocene tsunamis from Mount Etna and the fate of Israeli Neolithic communities",
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Bove. This eruption was visible far into the plains of Sicily, ending the following morning between the hours of 5 to 7 a.m. local time.
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There are two ski resorts on Etna: one at the Sapienza Refuge, with a chairlift and three ski lifts, and a smaller one on the north, at
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Barberi, F.; Carapezza, M. L.; Valenza, M.; Villari, L. (1993). "The control of lava flow during the 1991–1992 eruption of Mt. Etna".
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Coltelli, M.; Del Carlo, P. & Vezzoli, L. (1998), "Discovery of a Plinian basaltic eruption of Roman age at Etna Volcano, Italy",
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Loomis, Roger Sherman, Arthurian Tradition And Chrétien de Troyes pub. Columbia University Press, New York 1948, pp. 66 & 306.
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In 2002–2003, a much larger eruption threw up a huge column of ash that could easily be seen from space and fell as far away as
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2312:"Mount Etna eruptions of the last 2,750 years: Revised chronology and location through archeomagnetic and 226Ra-230Th dating"
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A lateral crater of the 2002–2003 eruption near the Torre del Filosofo, about 450 m (1,480 ft) below Etna's summit
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Since 1750, seven of Etna's eruptions have had durations of more than 5 years, more than any other volcano except Vesuvius.
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flank of the volcano, which collapsed about 64,000 years ago and thus allows the older volcanic edifices to be recognized.
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Thousands of years ago, the eastern flank of the mountain experienced a catastrophic collapse, generating an enormous
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Encyclopaedia Britannica: Or, A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, Enlarged and Improved
1940:
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volcano, but the lava flow was successfully diverted. In 2014, a flank eruption started involving lava flows and
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Neri, M.; et al. (2008), "The changing face of Mount Etna's summit area documented with Lidar technology",
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Israel: Submerged Prehistoric Sites and Settlements on the Mediterranean Coastline—the Current State of the Art
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From about 35,000 to 15,000 years ago, Etna experienced some highly explosive eruptions, generating large
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exposed in the valley walls provide an important and easily accessible record of Etna's eruptive history.
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Chevedden, Paul E. (2010), "A Crusade from the First: The Norman Conquest of Islamic Sicily, 1060–1091",
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runs uphill to an elevation of 2,500 m, from where the crater area at 2,920 m is accessible.
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Mount Etna from the south with the smoking peak in the upper left and a lateral crater in the centre
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accompanied by small and sporadic eruptions from two of the many vents at the top of this crater.
796:, localised at Etna, according to traditions concerning them derived from the stories told by the
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2423:". (the Encyclopædia Britannica has been wrongly cited as one source of this false information).
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2113:, pub. University of Wales Press, Cardiff 1956 and reprinted by Folcroft Press 1973, Chapter 5
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1883:"A message from the 'underground forge of the gods': history and current eruptions at Mt Etna"
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Long exposure image of a "dual-vent" eruption from Mount Etna's NSEC (New South East Crater)
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The steep walls of the valley have suffered subsequent collapses on numerous occasions. The
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749:), both meaning 'mountain'. According to another hypothesis, the term comes from the Latin
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Southern flank of Mount Etna showing lateral cones and flow from the eruption of 2001.
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surpasses it in the whole of the European–North-African region west of the Black Sea.
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Tanguy, J. C.; Condomines, M.; Goff, M.; Chillemi, V.; Delfa, S.; Patanè, G. (2007).
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1659:"Il cratere Voragine dell'Etna cresce, bordo supera 3.400 metri - Notizie - Ansa.it"
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started from a vent on the eastern side of the Southeast Crater in mid-August 2007.
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Bruce, Christopher W. (1999). The Arthurian Name Dictionary. Taylor & Francis.
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Map of municipalities in the Metropolitan City of Catania (Mount Etna at top right)
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Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
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2443:. Vol. 1 (5th ed.). Edinburgh: A. Constable. 1823. pp. 248–249.
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4581:
4428:
4423:
4383:
4343:
4328:
4258:
4170:
3976:
3794:
3772:
1914:
1475:
1149:
1017:
924:
797:
789:
770:
604:
491:
467:
311:
167:
154:
3607:
923:, to a subsequent mixed effusive and explosive activity building three main
5597:
5567:
5199:
5049:
4939:
4923:
4794:
4784:
4504:
4484:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4283:
4178:
4130:
2285:
1598:
1545:
1507:
1314:
1235:
1127:
669:
587:
4278:
2657:
956:
deposits. Ash from these eruptions has been found as far away as south of
874:, the composition of which is dated to between 1180 and 1230. However, in
5612:
5471:
5443:
5327:
5231:
5194:
5186:
4829:
4753:
4706:
4641:
4606:
4468:
4348:
4338:
4323:
4273:
3981:
2465:"Eruption of Snow-Covered Mt. Etna Kills 2 Tourists and Injures 7 Others"
2446:
2198:
1970:
1725:
1447:
1431:
1268:
793:
553:
4155:
4102:
3425:"Vortex rings made of water vapour rise from Italy's Mount Etna volcano"
2217:
The Archaeology of Europe’s Drowned Landscapes. Coastal Research Library
911:
819:
became attached to the quasi-historic figure of Arthur as "Ruler of the
698:, 'the Mountain of Fire'). According to both Greek and Roman mythology,
5582:
5537:
5484:
5265:
5204:
5032:
4993:
4913:
4799:
4666:
4552:
4388:
4333:
4298:
4268:
4253:
4230:
4221:
4120:
4092:
3564:
Chester, D. K.; Duncan, A. M.; Guest, J. E.; Kilburn, C. R. J. (1985).
3068:
2239:"Gravitational sliding of the Mt. Etna massif along a sloping basement"
2220:
1979:
1515:
953:
836:
816:
785:
703:
546:
72:
4601:
2974:
2927:"Etna show, nuova fontana di lava: non-si ferma l'emissione di cenere"
2215:. In: Bailey G., Galanidou N., Peeters H., Jöns H., Mennenga M. (eds)
1906:
1050:
gave what was probably a first-hand description of an eruption in the
839:
of Bonn, who considered it a matter of historical fact of the time of
354:
5562:
5557:
5422:
5386:
5299:
Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale
5116:
5112:
5017:
4735:
4463:
4368:
4353:
4293:
3922:
2606:
2174:), now below sea level, was suddenly abandoned around that time. See
2167:
2166:
It has been suggested that this was the reason why the settlement of
1221:
1181:
820:
659:
624:
545:, the god of the sky and thunder and king of gods, and the forges of
4313:
1977:. Room dismisses the hypothesis that 'Etna' has a Greek derivation.
5495:
5467:
5449:
5236:
5028:
5011:
4809:
4776:
4676:
4646:
4636:
4591:
4443:
4398:
4393:
2067:
1699:(Light Detection and Ranging) survey carried out in June 2007, see
1578:
1524:
1511:
1471:
1467:
1451:
1287:
1279:, which detects pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving
1225:
1206:
900:
812:
630:
557:
523:
514:, being about two and a half times the height of the next largest,
2746:"Spectacular Eruptions of Mt. Etna in Sicily from Space and Earth"
5552:
5480:
5463:
5455:
5417:
5368:
5353:
5270:
5218:
5022:
4935:
4758:
4539:
4494:
4489:
4438:
4363:
4358:
4303:
2994:
2521:
Global Volcanism Program — Volcanoes of the World (Version 4.9.2)
1534:
1463:
1323:
1188:
1114:
1074:
1040:
983:
972:
942:
725:
in Italian, generally regarded as deriving from the Romance word
665:
561:
487:
78:
4418:
5607:
5459:
5245:
5166:
5146:
5102:
5079:
5074:
4985:
4909:
4586:
4576:
4378:
4318:
3670:
3665:
2171:
1443:
1052:
1047:
1036:
866:
538:
499:
471:
92:
2853:"Etna Volcano (Italy): Eruption Update & Current Activity"
2670:
1290:
television crew, after magma exploded upon contact with snow.
1251:
shut down operations during the night for safety precautions.
853:('within Etna') to describe the location of Arthur's kingdom.
765:
is used for the area of Mount Etna containing the two central
490:. It is located above the convergent plate margin between the
5602:
5222:
5161:
4989:
4904:
4892:
4748:
4740:
4198:
4160:
3377:"Mt Etna – Sicily, Italy – the greatest show on earth !"
3095:"Mount Etna Erupts for the 11th Time in Three Weeks (PHOTOS)"
1696:
1213:
1035:) summit eruption occurred in 122 BCE, and caused heavy
1016:
In 396 BCE, an eruption of Etna reportedly thwarted the
808:
653:
618:
519:
475:
461:
54:"Mongibello" redirects here. For the fictional location, see
3202:"Sicily's Catania airport reopens after Mount Etna eruption"
2951:
2309:
2237:
Murray, J.B.; van Wyk de Vries, B.; Pitty, A. (April 2018).
1286:
An eruption on 16 March 2017 injured 10 people, including a
1271:
eruptions. This was the first flank eruption since 2008–09.
706:, the god of blacksmithing, had his forge under mount Etna.
5151:
3613:
Youtube video: eruption phases of Etna in 2018 (in Italian)
2384:
10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<1095:DOAPBE>2.3.CO;2
2236:
1688:
1336:(VEI) to all of Mount Etna's eruptions since January 1955:
1196:
957:
542:
503:
3518:"Skiing Mount Etna: Hit the slopes one day, sail the next"
3455:, National Geographic Travel, 8 April 2011, archived from
3352:. WJLA (ABC) Storm Watch 7. 16 August 2011. Archived from
2831:"BBC News – Footage shows Mount Etna spewing lava and ash"
1088:
5413:
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries
2876:"Italy's Etna Unleashes a Short but Spectacular Eruption"
2771:"There she blows! Stunning images of Mount Etna eruption"
2299:
Gravitational collapse of Mount Etna’s southeastern flank
1880:
1804:"Etna & Aeolian Islands 2012 – Cambridge Volcanology"
769:, and the craters located southeast and northeast of the
3403:"Mount Etna blows smoke rings during volcanic eruptions"
3128:"Etna spews smoke and ashes in spectacular new eruption"
2627:
2359:
1823:"Mount Etna is 100 feet taller than it was 6 months ago"
1741:"L'Etna si supera. Nuovo record di altezza a 3357 metri"
847:
1194. Caesarius employs in his account the Latin phrase
3618:
Smithsonian Institution: Global Volcanism Program: Etna
975:, which left its mark in several places in the eastern
51:
Active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy
5085:
City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto
3155:"Mount Etna volcano in Italy puts on spectacular show"
2447:
Charles Hutton; Georges Shaw; Richard Pearson (1809).
1771:"Watch: Ash from Etna Eruption Closes Catania Airport"
1418:
Vortex ring above Mount Etna observed on 9 August 2023
1001:
The first known record of eruption at Etna is that of
3152:
2175:
1870:
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
2990:"Volcanic explosion on Mount Etna injures 10 people"
1574:
636:. Another view is that the name is derived from the
5349:
Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)
4072:
3043:"Mount Etna: 4.8-magnitude earthquake jolts Sicily"
2409:
The history of the life and travels of Rabban Sawma
1309:Etna erupted once again on 4 July 2024 causing the
960:'s border, 800 km (497 mi) to the north.
2508:
1482:) meet on the summit of Mount Etna, making this a
4870:
3017:"Mount Etna: BBC crew caught up in volcano blast"
2551:
2549:
2151:
2002:"Woodhouse's English-Greek Dictionary Page Image"
5630:
3622:Footage of the 1971 eruption is featured in the
3595:Mount Etna Nord Live Webcams by Linguaglossa H24
3228:Watch: Spectacular Mount Etna eruption in Sicily
2621:
2517:"What volcanoes have had the longest eruptions?"
1317:in the air. The airport reopened the next day.
1224:and integrated into the landscape of the planet
893:
642:
583:Multidirectional Hillshade relief of Mount Etna
498:. It is one of the tallest active volcanoes in
3049:. Rome. Agence France-Presse. 26 December 2018
2790:Eruption of Mt. Etna closes airport in Catania
2673:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
2546:
2029:Al-Masaq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean
1324:Volcanic explosivity index of recent eruptions
1039:falls to the southeast, including the town of
870:, the only surviving Arthurian romance in the
732:
710:
439:
192:
5511:
5122:Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme
4856:
4058:
3648:
2453:. London. pp. 357–358, 383–387, 637–638.
1234:. The Rifugio Sapienza is near the site of a
1216:, 600 km (370 mi) south across the
1200:House destroyed by lava on the slopes of Etna
726:
720:
502:, and the tallest peak in Italy south of the
415:
1820:
1231:Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith
1155:Etna's 2002 eruption, photographed from the
744:
693:
572:. In June 2013, it was added to the list of
1012:An artist's impression of the 1766 eruption
848:
756:
750:
677:
15:
5664:Locations associated with Arthurian legend
5518:
5504:
5403:Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps
4863:
4849:
4065:
4051:
3655:
3641:
3350:"Erupting Mt. Etna coughs up a smoke ring"
3306:"SwissEduc – Stromboli online – Etna 2000"
3153:Washington Post Staff (11 February 2022).
3092:
2743:
1437:
807:occupiers of Sicily. What were originally
598:
123:
16:
2559:. Earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 23 July 2001
2275:
2197:
2026:
1724:
1653:
1651:
1649:
990:the base of the present-day summit cone.
811:conceptions concerning a dwarf king of a
5215:Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
5060:Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles
2873:
2855:. Volcanodiscovery.com. 10 February 2022
1980:"Volcano – Podictionary Word of the Day"
1956:Mount Etna Becomes a World Heritage Site
1682:
1680:
1615:List of Italian regions by highest point
1501:
1493:
1421:
1413:
1257:
1195:
1187:
1095:
1007:
967:in an event similar to that seen in the
931:
910:
586:
578:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
3267:
1732:
1089:Modern-day eruptions (1923–present day)
996:
14:
5631:
4945:Residences of the Royal House of Savoy
3250:"Etna eruption closes Catania Airport"
2987:
2514:
2492:. Boris.vulcanoetna.it. Archived from
1646:
1108:Video of Etna's November 2013 eruption
886:, an optical phenomenon common in the
433:
5499:
4844:
4046:
3636:
2731:"Italy's Mt Etna erupts – WORLD News"
2577:
2557:"The Continuing Eruption of Mt. Etna"
2004:. Artflx.uchicago.edu. Archived from
1677:
1498:Sapienza Refuge, the main tourist hub
906:
420:
409:
121:998.79 km (620.62 mi)
97:3,403 m (11,165 ft)(varies)
5525:
3566:Mount Etna: The Anatomy of a Volcano
3093:Bonaccorso, Nicole (10 March 2021).
2515:Venzke, E., ed. (10 December 2020).
1738:
1700:
1695:. The elevation data are based on a
1548:, with three lifts and a chairlift.
549:were said also to be underneath it.
5107:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
3189:Mount Etna Eruption of 29 May 2022
2073:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
1442:The borders of ten municipalities (
1277:multi-component gas analyzer system
745:
694:
648:meaning 'furnace' or 'chimney'. In
541:was trapped under this mountain by
48:
5709:Volcanoes of the Mediterranean Sea
2988:Balmer, Crispian (16 March 2017).
2874:Klemetti, Erik (3 December 2015).
2650:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00511.x
1551:Sapienza Refuge was the finish of
1031:A particularly violent explosive (
827:quotes passages from the works of
264:
228:
49:
5735:
5659:Highest points of Italian regions
3588:
3374:
969:1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
668:and the city originally known as
591:February 2021 eruption seen from
81:in the foreground (December 2007)
5304:Archaeological Area of Agrigento
4029:
4028:
3754:
3664:
2901:"Etna volcano – eruption update"
1591:
1577:
1165:
1148:
1137:
629:), meaning "I burn", through an
263:
256:
227:
220:
71:
4977:Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
4074:Ultra-prominent peaks of Europe
3510:
3495:, Lonely Planet, archived from
3483:
3463:
3443:
3417:
3395:
3379:. Geoff Mackley. Archived from
3368:
3342:
3316:
3298:
3242:
3219:
3194:
3183:
3172:
3146:
3120:
3109:
3086:
3061:
3035:
3009:
2981:
2945:
2919:
2893:
2867:
2845:
2823:
2797:
2781:
2763:
2737:
2723:
2699:
2664:
2571:
2482:
2457:
2426:
2413:
2402:
2389:
2353:
2303:
2292:
2230:
2160:
2145:
2129:
2120:
2103:
2086:
2054:
2020:
1994:
1963:
1947:
1941:United States Geological Survey
1929:
1874:
1841:"Italy volcanoes and Volcanics"
1821:Laura Geggel (16 August 2021).
1665:(in Italian). 18 September 2024
1409:
1347:Number of eruptions (total=49)
1281:prediction of volcanic activity
1020:in their attempt to advance on
5392:Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo
4982:Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont
2744:Ken Kremer (15 January 2011).
2111:Wales and the Arthurian Legend
1851:
1833:
1814:
1796:
1785:
1763:
13:
1:
5724:World Heritage Sites in Italy
4872:World Heritage Sites in Italy
3531:
2933:(in Italian). 4 December 2015
2580:"The Recent Eruption of Etna"
2115:King Arthur and the Antipodes
1982:. Blog.oup.com. 29 April 2010
1537:28 km north of Catania.
1489:
894:History of volcanic eruptions
709:The volcano is also known as
107:3,403 m (11,165 ft)
5669:Locations in Greek mythology
5644:17th-century volcanic events
4964:Rock Drawings in Valcamonica
3900:List of presidents of Sicily
3472:Rifugio Sapienza: who we are
2807:. Ct.ingv.it. Archived from
2693:10.1016/0377-0273(93)90048-V
2225:Geophysical Research Letters
2178:Geophysical Research Letters
2041:10.1080/09503110.2010.488891
1959:, Italy Magazine, 4 May 2013
1747:(in Italian). Archived from
1704:Geophysical Research Letters
1249:Catania-Fontanarossa Airport
660:
625:
480:Metropolitan City of Catania
242:Metropolitan City of Catania
7:
5679:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
3947:Derby di Sicilia (football)
3810:War of the Sicilian Vespers
2421:Mount Etna (volcano, Italy)
1808:www.volcano.group.cam.ac.uk
1570:
864:(Fairy of Etna) appears in
739:
688:
593:Naval Air Station Sigonella
574:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
10:
5740:
3928:List of people from Sicily
3905:Sicilian Regional Assembly
3741:Cities, towns and villages
1620:List of volcanoes in Italy
1486:of elevenfold complexity.
1430:In the 1970s Etna erupted
1334:Volcanic Explosivity Index
1294:and injuring four people.
654:
619:
613:One view is that the word
602:
462:
457:
334:UNESCO World Heritage Site
53:
5533:
5438:
5341:
5284:
5185:
5111:Etruscan Necropolises of
5093:
5002:
4878:
4825:Mount Addala-Shukhgelmeer
4775:
4695:
4569:
4513:
4477:
4239:
4187:
4144:
4080:
4026:
4005:
3913:
3873:
3860:Allied invasion of Sicily
3855:Dictatorship of Garibaldi
3763:
3752:
3677:
3629:, hosted by Vincent Price
3452:Etna National Park, Italy
3405:. NBC News. 12 April 2013
2805:"INGV – Etna Observatory"
2793:, Agi.it, 23 October 2011
2707:"press_text_booklet.indd"
2533:10.5479/si.GVP.VOTW4-2013
2339:10.1007/s00445-007-0121-x
2268:10.1007/s00445-018-1209-1
1393:
1379:
1365:
1351:
1346:
1343:
512:active volcanoes in Italy
388:
380:
372:
360:
350:
340:
331:
327:
317:
305:
295:
290:
213:
208:
188:
183:
144:
132:
115:
101:
91:
86:
70:
65:
5689:Stratovolcanoes of Italy
5210:Castel del Monte, Apulia
4972:of Piedmont and Lombardy
4081:Scandinavia & Arctic
3850:1848 Sicilian revolution
3608:Mount Etna Regional Park
3545:Global Volcanism Program
3280:Global Volcanism Program
3275:"Etna: Eruptive History"
2833:. Bbc.co.uk. 12 May 2011
2434:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1975:Place-names of the World
1864:xi. 3, referenced under
1640:
1330:Global Volcanism Program
917:geological cross section
833:Caesarius of Heisterbach
664:), a name given also to
482:, between the cities of
31:latest accepted revision
5684:Quadripoints and higher
5476:with 17 other countries
5333:Villa Romana del Casale
5323:Necropolis of Pantalica
5258:Royal Palace of Caserta
5055:Orto botanico di Padova
5046:Torre della Ghirlandina
3962:Norman-Sicilian culture
3940:List of Sicilian dishes
3550:Smithsonian Institution
3285:Smithsonian Institution
3238:– via apnews.com.
2578:Ponte, Gaetano (1923).
2525:Smithsonian Institution
2319:Bulletin of Volcanology
2247:Bulletin of Volcanology
2152:Martin-Schutz, Alicia.
1438:Geopolitical boundaries
952:, which left extensive
733:
711:
643:
609:King asleep in mountain
599:Etymology and mythology
440:
435:[mʊntʃɪbˈbɛɖɖʊ]
430:
301:350,000 – 500,000 years
193:
56:The Talented Mr. Ripley
5262:Aqueduct of Vanvitelli
5142:Piazza del Duomo, Pisa
4434:Grande Tête de l'Obiou
4204:Roque de los Muchachos
2109:Loomis, Roger Sherman
1843:. USGS. Archived from
1635:Volcanic Seven Summits
1611:, the Mount Etna broom
1519:
1499:
1460:Castiglione di Sicilia
1427:
1419:
1263:
1241:Strombolian explosions
1201:
1193:
1109:
1013:
937:
929:
849:
843:'s conquest of Sicily
792:and her half-brother,
757:
751:
727:
721:
678:
595:
584:
449:
422:[mondʒiˈbɛllo]
416:
406:
77:Etna with the city of
5719:Wine regions of Italy
5378:Campello sul Clitunno
5050:Piazza Grande, Modena
4696:Mediterranean islands
4379:Grigna Settentrionale
3097:. The Weather Channel
1739:Pezzella, Francesca.
1505:
1497:
1425:
1417:
1261:
1199:
1191:
1107:
1011:
935:
914:
788:castle (or realm) of
784:, as the name of the
737:plus the Arabic word
590:
582:
537:, the deadly monster
470:on the east coast of
5694:Subduction volcanoes
5065:Porticoes of Bologna
3865:Sicilian nationalism
2397:Theodore C. Williams
2199:10.1029/2007GL030717
1792:Suda, alphaiota, 375
1726:10.1029/2008GL033740
1531:Ferrovia Circumetnea
997:Historical eruptions
825:Roger Sherman Loomis
803:who accompanied the
5674:Mountains of Sicily
5428:Peschiera del Garda
5374:Temple of Clitumnus
5359:Cividale del Friuli
4745:Other Greek islands
3895:Elections in Sicily
3830:Sicilian Parliament
3681:metropolitan cities
3572:. pp. 412 pp.
3383:on 30 December 2012
3159:The Washington Post
2967:2007Geo....35.1115A
2931:Corriere della Sera
2685:1993JVGR...56....1B
2642:1996Disas..20....1D
2599:1923Natur.112..546P
2395:Aeneid, edition of
2376:1998Geo....26.1095C
2331:2007BVol...70...55T
2260:2018BVol...80...40M
2190:2007GeoRL..3416317P
1899:2021GeolT..37..141T
1868:in William Smith's
1717:2008GeoRL..35.9305N
1340:
1026:Second Sicilian War
168:37.7550°N 14.9950°E
164: /
21:Page version status
5714:Vulcan (mythology)
5266:San Leucio Complex
4209:Pico de las Nieves
4136:Mount Kruzenshtern
3885:Politics of Sicily
3815:Lombards of Sicily
3356:on 2 February 2014
3324:"Etna hoops it up"
3134:. 16 February 2021
1937:"Decade Volcanoes"
1557:2011 Giro d'Italia
1520:
1500:
1458:(from two sides),
1428:
1420:
1339:
1264:
1207:G8 summit in Genoa
1202:
1194:
1110:
1014:
938:
930:
907:Geological history
829:Gervase of Tilbury
617:is from the Greek
596:
585:
277:Mount Etna (Italy)
247:Show map of Sicily
87:Highest point
27:
5699:Three-thousanders
5626:
5625:
5493:
5492:
5396:Monte Sant'Angelo
5309:Barumini nuraghes
5227:Certosa di Padula
4919:Monte San Giorgio
4838:
4837:
4525:Gerlachovský štít
4247:
4108:Store Lenangstind
4040:
4039:
3890:Statute of Sicily
3805:Kingdom of Sicily
3579:978-0-8047-1308-5
3492:Funivia dell'Etna
3310:www.stromboli.net
2975:10.1130/G24149A.1
2907:. 3 December 2015
2905:Volcano Discovery
2777:, 9 February 2012
2750:Universetoday.com
2593:(2815): 546–548.
2370:(12): 1095–1098,
2008:on 24 August 2014
1907:10.1111/gto.12362
1781:. 15 August 2024.
1775:uk.news.yahoo.com
1751:on 10 August 2021
1691:data, are from a
1608:Genista aetnensis
1407:
1406:
1228:in the 2005 film
1218:Mediterranean Sea
1105:
950:pyroclastic flows
888:Strait of Messina
860:of the Castle of
782:Arthurian Romance
392:
391:
280:Show map of Italy
39:20 September 2024
18:
5731:
5654:Decade Volcanoes
5649:Active volcanoes
5527:Decade Volcanoes
5520:
5513:
5506:
5497:
5496:
5042:Modena Cathedral
4950:Rhaetian Railway
4865:
4858:
4851:
4842:
4841:
4715:Punta La Marmora
4545:Pietrosul Rodnei
4495:Serra Dolcedorme
4309:Barre des Écrins
4241:
4188:Atlantic islands
4166:Torre de Cerredo
4126:Hvannadalshnúkur
4067:
4060:
4053:
4044:
4043:
4032:
4031:
3967:Sicilian Baroque
3800:County of Sicily
3778:Sicilia province
3758:
3746:List of communes
3669:
3668:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3634:
3633:
3604:
3583:
3570:Chapman and Hall
3560:
3558:
3556:
3526:
3525:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3479:on 26 March 2013
3475:, archived from
3467:
3461:
3460:
3459:on 17 April 2011
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3375:Geoff, Mackley.
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3198:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3124:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2811:on 14 April 2012
2801:
2795:
2794:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2607:10.1038/112546a0
2584:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2444:
2430:
2424:
2417:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2316:
2307:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2279:
2243:
2234:
2228:
2210:
2201:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2143:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2107:
2101:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1878:
1872:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1800:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1655:
1630:Sacred mountains
1601:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1585:Volcanoes portal
1582:
1581:
1542:Piano Provenzana
1402:
1401:
1388:
1387:
1374:
1373:
1360:
1359:
1341:
1338:
1313:to close due to
1169:
1152:
1141:
1119:Benito Mussolini
1106:
1064:Rabban Bar Sauma
1003:Diodorus Siculus
872:Occitan language
852:
760:
758:qui ignem mulcet
754:
748:
747:
742:
736:
730:
724:
714:
697:
696:
691:
681:
663:
657:
656:
646:
628:
622:
621:
466:), is an active
465:
464:
459:
443:
437:
424:
419:
413:
381:Buffer zone
281:
267:
266:
260:
248:
231:
230:
224:
204:
196:
179:
178:
176:
175:
174:
173:37.7550; 14.9950
169:
165:
162:
161:
160:
157:
128:
127:
75:
63:
62:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5704:VEI-6 volcanoes
5629:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5529:
5524:
5494:
5489:
5434:
5337:
5294:Aeolian Islands
5280:
5276:Sassi di Matera
5251:Historic Centre
5181:
5132:Hadrian's Villa
5089:
5027:Le Colline del
4998:
4898:Historic center
4874:
4869:
4839:
4834:
4815:Mount Dyultydag
4771:
4691:
4565:
4509:
4473:
4409:Jôf di Montasio
4289:Hoher Dachstein
4235:
4183:
4140:
4076:
4071:
4041:
4036:
4022:
4013:Railway network
4001:
3972:Sicilian School
3915:
3909:
3876:
3869:
3790:Theme of Sicily
3759:
3750:
3682:
3680:
3673:
3663:
3661:
3601:"VONA bulletin"
3599:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3554:
3552:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3524:, 12 March 2010
3516:
3515:
3511:
3502:
3500:
3499:on 12 July 2013
3489:
3488:
3484:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3330:. 31 March 2000
3322:
3321:
3317:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3184:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3023:. 16 March 2017
3015:
3014:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2986:
2982:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2910:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2752:
2742:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2669:
2665:
2626:
2622:
2582:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2496:on 22 July 2011
2488:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2403:
2394:
2390:
2358:
2354:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2297:
2293:
2241:
2235:
2231:
2165:
2161:
2150:
2146:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2108:
2104:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2025:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1964:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1879:
1875:
1856:
1852:
1847:on 1 July 2011.
1839:
1838:
1834:
1819:
1815:
1810:. October 2012.
1802:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1786:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1737:
1733:
1693:2005 GPS survey
1685:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1573:
1510:and Etna South
1492:
1480:Zafferana Etnea
1440:
1412:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1332:has assigned a
1326:
1311:Catania Airport
1177:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1096:
1091:
1046:The Roman poet
999:
909:
896:
686:, it is called
652:, it is called
650:Classical Greek
611:
601:
535:Greek mythology
411:[ˈɛtna]
336:
286:
285:
284:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
273:
272:
268:
251:
250:
249:
246:
245:
244:, Sicily, Italy
239:
238:
237:
236:
232:
198:
172:
170:
166:
163:
158:
155:
153:
151:
150:
122:
108:
82:
59:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
5737:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5523:
5522:
5515:
5508:
5500:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5477:
5474:
5452:
5446:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5389:
5380:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5243:
5234:
5229:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5191:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5109:
5099:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5039:
5025:
5020:
5014:
5008:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4961:
4947:
4942:
4921:
4916:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4868:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4845:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4756:
4751:
4738:
4733:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4627:Pangaion Hills
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4517:
4515:
4514:Eastern Europe
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4264:Finsteraarhorn
4261:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4224:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4175:Massif Central
4168:
4163:
4158:
4148:
4146:
4145:Western Europe
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4047:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3919:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3835:Bourbon Sicily
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3784:Bellum Siculum
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3675:
3674:
3660:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3597:
3590:
3589:External links
3587:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3561:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3509:
3482:
3462:
3442:
3431:. 8 April 2024
3416:
3394:
3367:
3341:
3315:
3297:
3266:
3254:maltatoday.org
3241:
3218:
3193:
3182:
3171:
3145:
3119:
3108:
3085:
3073:cnt.rm.ingv.it
3060:
3034:
3008:
2980:
2944:
2918:
2892:
2866:
2844:
2822:
2796:
2780:
2762:
2736:
2722:
2698:
2663:
2620:
2570:
2545:
2507:
2490:"Etna and Man"
2481:
2456:
2425:
2412:
2401:
2388:
2352:
2302:
2291:
2229:
2184:(16): L16317,
2159:
2144:
2128:
2119:
2102:
2085:
2071:(in Italian).
2053:
2019:
1993:
1962:
1946:
1928:
1893:(4): 141–149.
1873:
1850:
1832:
1813:
1795:
1784:
1762:
1731:
1676:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1625:Mount Vesuvius
1622:
1617:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1588:
1572:
1569:
1518:of the volcano
1491:
1488:
1439:
1436:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1345:
1325:
1322:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1123:fascist regime
1090:
1087:
998:
995:
921:shield volcano
908:
905:
895:
892:
850:in monte Gyber
600:
597:
570:United Nations
566:Decade Volcano
528:Canary Islands
516:Mount Vesuvius
496:Eurasian Plate
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
378:
377:
374:
370:
369:
362:
358:
357:
352:
348:
347:
344:
338:
337:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
323:14 August 2024
321:
315:
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309:
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50:
28:
22:
19:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5736:
5725:
5722:
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5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5521:
5516:
5514:
5509:
5507:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5252:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5241:Villa Poppaea
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5157:San Gimignano
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5137:Medici villas
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5037:Valdobbiadene
5034:
5030:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4888:Crespi d'Adda
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4866:
4861:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4429:Ellmauer Halt
4427:
4425:
4424:Birkkarspitze
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4404:Pointe Percée
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Dents du Midi
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4329:Gran Paradiso
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4259:Grossglockner
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4063:
4061:
4056:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4035:
4025:
4019:
4018:Sulfur mining
4016:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3977:Sicilian cart
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3795:Muslim Sicily
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Magna Graecia
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3696:Caltanissetta
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3658:
3653:
3651:
3646:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3628:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3581:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3446:
3430:
3426:
3420:
3404:
3398:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3175:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3112:
3096:
3089:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3022:
3018:
3012:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2948:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2854:
2848:
2832:
2826:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2732:
2726:
2708:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2679:(1–2): 1–34.
2678:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2405:
2398:
2392:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2233:
2227:, 35, L08311.
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2141:0 19 811588 1
2138:
2132:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2099:
2098:0-8153-2865-6
2095:
2089:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1969:According to
1966:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:Geology Today
1884:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1788:
1780:
1779:Yahoo News UK
1776:
1772:
1766:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1711:(9): L09305,
1710:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1416:
1396:
1392:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1168:
1158:
1151:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1094:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1071:1669 eruption
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:Carthaginians
1010:
1006:
1004:
994:
991:
987:
985:
980:
978:
977:Mediterranean
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
934:
926:
925:stratovolcano
922:
918:
913:
904:
902:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
859:
858:Fada de Gibel
854:
851:
846:
842:
841:Emperor Henry
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
799:
795:
791:
790:Morgan le Fay
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
771:volcanic cone
768:
764:
759:
753:
741:
735:
729:
723:
718:
713:
707:
705:
701:
690:
685:
680:
676:it is called
675:
671:
667:
662:
651:
647:
645:
639:
635:
634:pronunciation
632:
627:
616:
610:
606:
605:Aetna (nymph)
594:
589:
581:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:African Plate
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:stratovolcano
455:
454:Ancient Greek
451:
447:
442:
436:
432:
428:
423:
418:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:
353:
349:
346:Natural: viii
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
326:
322:
320:
319:Last eruption
316:
313:
312:Stratovolcano
310:
308:
307:Mountain type
304:
300:
298:
294:
289:
259:
243:
223:
212:
207:
202:
195:
191:
187:
182:
177:
149:
147:
143:
140:
137:
135:
131:
126:
120:
118:
114:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
85:
80:
74:
69:
64:
61:
57:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
5547:
5364:Castelseprio
5313:
5200:Amalfi Coast
5177:Villa d'Este
4969:
4940:Cinque Terre
4924:Porto Venere
4762:
4744:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4710:
4702:
4687:Psili Koryfi
4556:
4548:
4530:Parângu Mare
4520:
4485:Corno Grande
4459:Zirbitzkogel
4449:Grand Combin
4374:Großer Priel
4284:Dufourspitze
4226:
4217:
4194:
4179:Puy de Sancy
4174:
4151:
4131:Newtontoppen
4116:
4098:Jiehkkevárri
4088:Galdhøpiggen
3996:
3875:Politics and
3845:Risorgimento
3840:Two Sicilies
3782:
3626:Days of Fury
3625:
3565:
3553:. Retrieved
3543:
3521:
3512:
3501:, retrieved
3497:the original
3491:
3485:
3477:the original
3471:
3465:
3457:the original
3451:
3445:
3433:. Retrieved
3419:
3407:. Retrieved
3397:
3385:. Retrieved
3381:the original
3370:
3358:. Retrieved
3354:the original
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3327:
3318:
3309:
3300:
3288:. Retrieved
3278:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3253:
3244:
3232:. Retrieved
3227:
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3205:
3196:
3185:
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3158:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3131:
3122:
3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3072:
3063:
3051:. Retrieved
3047:The Guardian
3046:
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3020:
3011:
2999:. Retrieved
2993:
2983:
2961:(12): 1115.
2958:
2954:
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2930:
2921:
2909:. Retrieved
2904:
2895:
2883:. Retrieved
2879:
2869:
2857:. Retrieved
2847:
2835:. Retrieved
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2809:the original
2799:
2789:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2753:. Retrieved
2749:
2739:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2701:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2590:
2586:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2536:. Retrieved
2520:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2494:the original
2484:
2472:. Retrieved
2468:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2433:
2428:
2415:
2404:
2391:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2322:
2318:
2305:
2294:
2251:
2245:
2232:
2224:
2216:
2181:
2177:
2162:
2147:
2131:
2122:
2117:, pp. 70–71.
2114:
2110:
2105:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2066:Vocabolario
2065:
2062:"mongibèllo"
2056:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2010:. Retrieved
2006:the original
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1974:
1965:
1955:
1949:
1931:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1861:
1853:
1845:the original
1835:
1826:
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1787:
1774:
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1749:the original
1744:
1734:
1708:
1702:
1669:19 September
1667:. Retrieved
1663:Agenzia ANSA
1662:
1606:
1599:Italy portal
1550:
1546:Linguaglossa
1539:
1529:
1521:
1514:are the two
1508:Linguaglossa
1441:
1432:vortex rings
1429:
1410:Vortex rings
1327:
1319:
1315:volcanic ash
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1273:
1265:
1253:
1245:
1229:
1211:
1203:
1178:
1128:Jesus Christ
1111:
1092:
1084:
1068:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1030:
1015:
1000:
992:
988:
981:
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897:
884:Fata Morgana
875:
865:
861:
857:
855:
844:
800:
780:is found in
777:
775:
762:
708:
689:Jabal al-Nār
641:
614:
612:
551:
532:
509:
398:
397:, or simply
394:
393:
60:
38:
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23:
5588:Santa María
5472:Switzerland
5444:Switzerland
5394:located at
5385:located at
5383:Santa Sofia
5376:located at
5342:Countrywide
5328:Val di Noto
5232:Herculaneum
5195:Alberobello
5172:Val d'Orcia
4970:Sacri Monti
4632:Kajmakčalan
4521:Carpathians
4469:Cima Brenta
4349:Chamechaude
4339:Cima Dodici
4113:Sarektjåkkå
3982:Coppola cap
3914:Culture and
3679:Provinces,
3555:25 December
3164:11 February
3138:22 February
3053:26 December
2859:15 February
2636:(1): 1–20.
2563:15 February
2538:15 December
2399:, ca. 1908
1971:Adrian Room
1745:www.ingv.it
1516:ski resorts
1506:Etna North
1448:Biancavilla
1269:strombolian
1024:during the
915:Simplified
837:Godescalcus
794:King Arthur
712:Muncibbeḍḍu
554:agriculture
520:Mount Teide
441:'a Muntagna
431:Muncibbeḍḍu
364:2013 (37th
361:Inscription
297:Age of rock
194:Muncibbeḍḍu
189:Native name
171: /
146:Coordinates
110:Ranked 54th
5639:Mount Etna
5633:Categories
5583:Sakurajima
5573:Nyiragongo
5538:Avachinsky
5485:Montenegro
5314:Mount Etna
5205:Appian Way
5033:Conegliano
4994:Monferrato
4960:Landscapes
4914:Sabbioneta
4800:Tebulosmta
4652:Këndrevica
4553:Roman-Kosh
4535:Moldoveanu
4389:Presanella
4269:Wildspitze
4254:Mont Blanc
4121:Beerenberg
4117:On islands
4093:Kebnekaise
3997:Mount Etna
3877:government
3683:and places
3624:1979 film
3532:References
2937:5 December
2911:3 December
2885:3 December
2445:See also:
2154:"Mt. Etna"
2035:(2): 191,
1490:Facilities
1484:multipoint
1476:Sant'Alfio
954:ignimbrite
817:underworld
786:otherworld
763:Mongibello
722:Mongibello
704:Hephaestus
638:Phoenician
603:See also:
547:Hephaestus
417:Mongibello
395:Mount Etna
271:Mount Etna
235:Mount Etna
103:Prominence
66:Mount Etna
5593:Santorini
5563:Mauna Loa
5558:Koryaksky
5448:with the
5423:Palmanova
5387:Benevento
5117:Tarquinia
5113:Cerveteri
5018:Dolomites
5004:Northeast
4880:Northwest
4820:Kaputjugh
4790:Bazardüzü
4736:Lefka Ori
4662:Parnassus
4561:Narodnaya
4478:Apennines
4454:Tournette
4369:Grintovec
4354:Zugspitze
4294:Marmolada
4279:Hochkönig
3992:Triskeles
3691:Agrigento
3522:Telegraph
3334:9 October
3259:15 August
2630:Disasters
2325:(1): 55.
2254:(4): 40.
2208:129407252
2168:Atlit Yam
2049:162316105
1923:238802288
1915:1365-2451
1862:Hist. An.
1827:Space.com
1755:10 August
1565:2017 Giro
1236:cable car
1222:Lucasfilm
1182:Zafferana
965:landslide
821:Antipodes
815:, Celtic
813:paradisal
776:The name
695:جبل النار
558:vineyards
478:, in the
384:26,220 ha
376:19,237 ha
351:Reference
209:Geography
159:14°59.7′E
156:37°45.3′N
117:Isolation
93:Elevation
5618:Vesuvius
5468:Slovenia
5450:Holy See
5319:Syracuse
5237:Oplontis
5127:Florence
5029:Prosecco
5012:Aquileia
4928:Palmaria
4810:Dykh-Tau
4777:Caucasus
4761:—
4747::
4743:—
4725:—
4717:—
4711:Sardinia
4709:—
4677:Valamara
4647:Jakupica
4637:Smolikas
4592:Taygetus
4555:—
4547:—
4500:Montalto
4444:Grimming
4399:Col Nudo
4394:Birnhorn
4216:—
4195:Canaries
4173:—
4171:Almanzor
4156:Mulhacén
4115:—
4103:Snøhetta
4034:Category
3952:Language
3916:heritage
3825:Viceroys
3820:Monarchs
3726:Syracuse
3429:ABC News
3409:15 April
3387:15 April
3360:15 April
3328:BBC News
3206:phys.org
3178:GeoEtna
3132:France24
3115:GeoEtna
3101:14 March
3078:23 March
3027:16 March
3021:BBC News
3001:16 March
2469:LA Times
2347:44241302
2286:31258237
2078:22 April
2068:Treccani
1973:'s book
1866:Aetnaeus
1571:See also
1525:cableway
1512:Nicolosi
1472:Randazzo
1468:Nicolosi
1452:Belpasso
1288:BBC News
1226:Mustafar
1022:Syracuse
943:calderas
901:altitude
862:Gibaldar
801:conteurs
778:Mongibel
752:Mulciber
717:Sicilian
631:iotacist
562:orchards
524:Tenerife
494:and the
427:Sicilian
342:Criteria
201:Sicilian
35:reviewed
5578:Rainier
5553:Galeras
5481:Croatia
5464:Germany
5456:Austria
5418:Bergamo
5369:Spoleto
5354:Brescia
5286:Islands
5271:Pompeii
5219:Paestum
5095:Central
5070:Ravenna
5023:Ferrara
4958:Bernina
4952:in the
4936:Tinetto
4805:Aragats
4767:Olympus
4765::
4759:Fengari
4729::
4721::
4713::
4705::
4703:Corsica
4657:Radomir
4622:Papingu
4612:Kyllini
4602:Jezercë
4582:Olympus
4570:Balkans
4559::
4551::
4540:Peleaga
4523::
4439:Hochtor
4414:Polinik
4384:Bondone
4364:Arcalod
4359:Antelao
4304:Triglav
4274:Bernina
4229::
4227:Madeira
4220::
4214:Malpaso
4197::
4177::
4154::
4119::
4006:Economy
3935:Cuisine
3765:History
3736:Islands
3731:Trapani
3716:Palermo
3711:Messina
3701:Catania
3503:3 April
3435:8 April
3290:26 June
2995:Reuters
2963:Bibcode
2955:Geology
2681:Bibcode
2658:8867507
2638:Bibcode
2615:6883748
2595:Bibcode
2372:Bibcode
2363:Geology
2327:Bibcode
2277:6560784
2256:Bibcode
2186:Bibcode
1895:Bibcode
1713:Bibcode
1563:of the
1561:Stage 4
1555:of the
1553:Stage 9
1535:Riposto
1464:Maletto
1115:Mascali
1075:Catania
1041:Catania
1033:Plinian
973:tsunami
767:craters
666:Catania
568:by the
556:, with
526:in the
518:. Only
488:Catania
484:Messina
403:Italian
366:Session
291:Geology
134:Listing
79:Catania
5608:Ulawun
5568:Merapi
5543:Colima
5470:, and
5460:France
5246:Naples
5167:Urbino
5147:Pienza
5103:Assisi
5080:Verona
5075:Venice
4986:Langhe
4954:Albula
4910:Mantua
4795:Kazbek
4785:Elbrus
4763:Cyprus
4719:Sicily
4587:Vihren
4577:Musala
4549:Crimea
4505:Cimone
4319:Ortler
4314:Säntis
4218:Azores
3923:People
3721:Ragusa
3671:Sicily
3576:
3540:"Etna"
3234:5 July
3211:6 July
2837:2 June
2815:2 June
2775:Mirror
2755:2 June
2715:2 June
2656:
2613:
2587:Nature
2500:2 June
2474:2 June
2345:
2284:
2274:
2206:
2172:Israel
2139:
2096:
2047:
2012:2 June
1986:2 June
1921:
1913:
1858:Aelian
1456:Bronte
1444:Adrano
1394:VEI 3
1380:VEI 2
1366:VEI 1
1352:VEI 0
1053:Aeneid
1048:Virgil
1037:tephra
984:strata
880:spring
876:Jaufre
867:Jaufre
805:Norman
798:Breton
700:Vulcan
684:Arabic
670:Inessa
644:attuna
539:Typhon
500:Europe
472:Sicily
197:
184:Naming
5613:Unzen
5603:Teide
5479:with
5454:with
5442:with
5223:Velia
5187:South
5162:Siena
4990:Roero
4905:Ivrea
4893:Genoa
4830:Shani
4754:Ainos
4749:Dirfi
4741:Dikti
4727:Crete
4707:Cinto
4667:Botev
4642:Giona
4607:Athos
4597:Korab
4557:Urals
4490:Amaro
4464:Kesch
4324:Baldo
4240:Alps
4231:Ruivo
4199:Teide
4161:Aneto
4152:Spain
3987:Flags
3957:Music
2880:Wired
2710:(PDF)
2611:S2CID
2583:(PDF)
2343:S2CID
2315:(PDF)
2242:(PDF)
2204:S2CID
2045:S2CID
1919:S2CID
1697:LIDAR
1641:Notes
1544:near
1214:Libya
845:circa
809:Welsh
740:jabal
734:munti
728:monte
682:. In
679:Aetna
674:Latin
672:. In
661:Aítnē
655:Αἴτνη
640:word
626:aíthō
476:Italy
463:Αἴτνη
458:Αἴτνα
450:Aetna
446:Latin
139:Ultra
5598:Taal
5548:Etna
5483:and
5321:and
5264:and
5239:and
5221:and
5152:Rome
5115:and
5105:and
5048:and
5016:The
4992:and
4934:and
4932:Tino
4912:and
4723:Etna
4682:Baba
4672:Çika
4617:Ossa
4419:Tödi
4334:Coca
4299:Viso
4244:List
4222:Pico
3706:Enna
3574:ISBN
3557:2008
3505:2013
3437:2024
3411:2013
3389:2013
3362:2013
3336:2008
3292:2021
3261:2024
3236:2024
3213:2024
3166:2022
3140:2021
3103:2022
3080:2019
3055:2018
3029:2017
3003:2017
2939:2015
2913:2015
2887:2015
2861:2022
2839:2011
2817:2011
2757:2011
2717:2011
2654:PMID
2565:2022
2540:2020
2502:2011
2476:2019
2432:The
2282:PMID
2137:ISBN
2094:ISBN
2080:2024
2014:2011
1988:2011
1911:ISSN
1757:2021
1689:SRTM
1671:2024
1559:and
1344:VEI
1328:The
1080:1693
1069:The
958:Rome
856:The
831:and
719:and
620:αἴθω
615:Etna
607:and
560:and
543:Zeus
504:Alps
486:and
460:and
407:Etna
399:Etna
373:Area
355:1427
5031:di
4731:Ida
2971:doi
2689:doi
2646:doi
2603:doi
2591:112
2529:doi
2380:doi
2335:doi
2272:PMC
2264:doi
2194:doi
2037:doi
1903:doi
1721:doi
1157:ISS
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746:جبل
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522:on
438:or
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