Munich - Knowledge

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have staged large protest rallies to urge the city council and the state government to take a harder stance on pollution. Due to the high standard of living in and the thriving economy of the city and the region, there was an influx of people and Munich's population surpassed 1.5 million by June

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Munich is subject to a long-term residential development plan that is established by the city administration of Munich. The LaSie ("Langfristige Siedlungsentwicklung") was passed in 2011 in response to the acute housing crisis. LaSie is aligned with the strategic development plan passed for Munich in

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In December 2023, Munich had 1.58 million inhabitants; 477,855 foreign nationals resided in the city as of 31 December 2023 with 42.88% of these residents being citizens of EU member states, and 29.66% citizens in European states not in the EU (including Russia and Turkey). Along with the Turks,

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with a rise of medium yearly temperatures of about 1 °C (1.8 °F) in Germany between 1900 and 2020 can be observed as well. In November 2016 the city council concluded officially that a further rise in medium temperature, a higher number of heat extremes, a rise in the number of hot days and

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district, there is also the so-called Feierbanane (party banana), a roughly banana-shaped unofficial party zone spanning 1.3 km (0.8 mi) along Sonnenstraße, characterized by a high concentration of clubs, bars and restaurants, which became the center of Munich's nightlife in the mid-2000s.

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In 2008, the Bavarian state government granted a licence to expand Oberpfaffenhofen Air Station located west of Munich, for commercial use. These plans were opposed by many residents in the Oberpfaffenhofen area as well as other branches of local government, including the city of Munich, which took

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consistently rates the city among the top 10 cities with the highest quality of life worldwide – a 2011 survey ranked Munich as 4th. In 2007 the same company also ranked Munich as the 39th most expensive in the world and most expensive major city in Germany. Munich enjoys a thriving economy, driven

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About 45% of Munich's residents are not affiliated with any religious group; this ratio represents the fastest growing segment of the population. As in the rest of Germany, the Catholic and Protestant churches have experienced a continuous decline in membership. As of 31 December 2017, 31.8% of the

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The extensive network of subway and tram lines assists and complement pedestrian movement in the city centre. The 700m-long Kaufinger Straße, which starts near the Main train station, forms a pedestrian east–west spine that traverses almost the entire centre. Major spines and many smaller streets

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From only 24,000 inhabitants in 1700, the city population doubled about every 30 years. It was 100,000 in 1852, 250,000 in 1883 and 500,000 in 1901. Since then, Munich has become Germany's third-largest city. In 1933, 840,901 inhabitants were counted, and in 1957 over 1 million. Munich has

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in the 1790s. In 1791 Karl Theodor and Count Rumford started to demolish Munich's fortifications. After 1793 Munich's citizens, including house servants, carpenters, butchers, merchants, and court officials, seized the opportunity, building new houses, stalls, and sheds outside the city walls.

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Munich nightlife tends to change dramatically and quickly. Establishments open and close every year, and due to gentrification and the overheated housing market many survive only a few years, while others last longer. Beyond the already mentioned venues of the 1960s and 1970s, nightclubs with

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Strong Beer Festival during the Lenten fasting period (usually in March). Its origins go back to the 17th/18th century, but has become popular when the festivities were first televised in the 1980s. The fest includes comical speeches and a mini-musical in which numerous German politicians are

8601:, hosted more than 30 clubs and was especially popular among younger people from the metropolitan area surrounding Munich and tourists. The Kultfabrik was closed at the end of the year 2015 to convert the area into a residential and office area. Apart from the Kultfarbik and the smaller 3541:, as well as a rise in the number of local instances of heavy rain, is to be expected as part of the ongoing climate change. The city administration decided to support a joint study from its own Referat für Gesundheit und Umwelt (department for health and environmental issues) and the 1664:

a brewery could employ. Munich's population had swelled and Munich brewers were now free to employ as many workers as they needed to meet the demand. In October 1810 a beer festival was held on the meadows just outside Munich to commemorate the wedding of the crown prince and princess

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planted a bomb in the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich in an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, who held a political party speech. Hitler, however, had left the building minutes before the bomb went off. By mid 1942 the majority of Jews living in Munich and the suburbs had been deported.

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that will gather data on local weather. The data is supposed to be used to create a plan for action for adapting the city to better deal with climate change as well as an integrated action program for climate protection in Munich. With the help of those programs issues regarding

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is the oldest existing public transportation system in the city, which has been in operation since 1876. Munich also has an extensive network of bus lines. The average amount of time people spend commuting to and from work with public transit in Munich on a weekday is 56 min.

6475:("Nachverdichtung"). Non-residential industrial areas are subject to conservation and will be turned into residential and mixed-use areas. On greenfield sites in the Munich periphery medium and large-scale housing estates are to be built so as to extend Munich's urban center. 1311:

Henry built a new toll bridge, customs house and a coin market closer to his home somewhat upstream at a settlement around the area of modern old town Munich. This new toll bridge most likely crossed the Isar where the Museuminsel and the modern Ludwigsbrücke is now located.

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to Munich, but his plans for an opera house were declined by the city council. Ludwig II nevertheless generated a windfall for Munich's craft and construction industries. In 1876 Munich hosted the first German Art and Industry Exhibition, which showcased the northern

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among breweries. In 1831 the king's government introduced a cost-of-living allowance on beer for lower-ranking civil servants and soldiers. Soldiers stationed in Munich were granted a daily allowance for beer in the early 1840s. By the 1850s beer had become essential

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on stage and in Munich's Cafe-Theatres. The cabaret scene was crushed when the Nazis seized power in 1933 and Karlstadt was saved from Nazi sterilization by a doctor. Contemporary Munich cabaret still reverences 1920s cabaret, the Munich alternative rock band

7722:, the cabaret performer and comedian, is to this day remembered and beloved as a cultural icon of his hometown. Between 1910 and 1940, he wrote and performed in many absurdist sketches and short films that were highly influential, earning him the nickname of " 16931: 2040:

and acquired increased responsibility for administering the city itself and the surrounding districts. Offices needed to be built for bureaucracy, so a 12-story office building was erected in the southern part of the historic city centre in the late 1920s.

9895:), which was to have run at speeds of up to 400 km/h (249 mph) from the central station to the airport in a travel time of 10 minutes, had been approved, but was cancelled in March 2008 because of cost escalation and after heavy protests. 8368:, which gets its color from roasted malt. It was the typical beer in Munich in the 19th century. Starkbier is the strongest Munich beer, with a high alcohol content of 6%–9%. It is dark amber in color and has a heavy malty taste. The beer served at 2462:

of the river Isar in the urban area of Munich was awarded the Water Development Prize by the German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste (known as DWA in German). The renaturation of the Isar allows for the near natural development of the

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openly indulged in antisemitism, while Bavarian judges praised people on the political right as patriotic for their crimes and handed down mild sentences. In 1923, Adolf Hitler and his supporters, who were concentrated in Munich, staged the

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Wolfgang Krämer: Geschichte der Gemeinde Gauting einschließlich der Hofmarken Fußberg und Königswiesen nebst Grubmühle, Reismühle und Gemeinde Stockdorf sowie der Schwaigen Kreuzing und Pentenried. Selbstverlag der Gemeinde Gauting,

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Showers and thunderstorms bring the highest average monthly precipitation in late spring and throughout the summer. The most precipitation occurs in July, on average. Winter tends to have less precipitation, the least in February.

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and the resulting high rents, and the formerly wild artists' and students' quarter developed into one of the city's most coveted and expensive residential districts, attracting affluent citizens with little interest in partying.

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runs for 16–18 days from the end of September through early October. In the last 200 years the festival has grown to span 85 acres and now welcomes over six million visitors every year. Beer is served from the six major Munich

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The higher elevation and proximity to the Alps cause the city to have more rain and snow than many other parts of Germany. The Alps affect the city's climate in other ways too; for example, the warm downhill wind from the Alps

17364: 15865: 9322:). Among German cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants, purchasing power is highest in Munich (€26,648 per inhabitant) as of 2007. In 2006, Munich blue-collar workers enjoyed an average hourly wage of €18.62 (ca. $ 20). 1813:

became king in 1864, he remained mostly aloof from his capital and focused more on his fanciful castles in the Bavarian countryside, which is why he is known the world over as the 'fairytale king'. Ludwig II tried to lure

1341:) in advance of the expansion of the S-Bahn (subway) in 2012 discovered shards of vessels from the 11th century, which prove again that the settlement of Munich must be older than the Augsburg Arbitration of 1158. The old 1579:

nevertheless ravaged Munich and the surrounding countryside in 1634 and 1635. During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) troops again converged on Munich in 1647 and precautions were taken, so as to avoid another epidemic.

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are widely used throughout the year. Cycle paths can be found alongside the majority of sidewalks and streets, although the newer or renovated ones are much easier to tell apart from pavements than older ones. A modern

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near Gärtnerplatz was somewhat like a centre of operations for Fassbinder and his "clan" of actors. New German Cinema is considered by far the most important artistic movement in German cinema history since the era of

1660:). The king handed the brewing monopoly to Munich's wealthiest brewers, who in turn paid substantial taxes on their beer production. In 1807 the king abolished all ordinances that limited the number of apprentices and 18018: 6858:. The Deutsches Museum had its grand opening in 1925, but has undergone a reinvention recently. The Deutsches Museum now operates three locations. The original site in central Munich continues to expand its exhibits. 16935: 11676: 1493:

translated from Latin into German and published them to a greater audience. William V was addressed with the epithet "the Pious" and like his contemporary Wittelsbach dukes promoted himself as "father of the land"

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Being at the centre of Europe, Munich is subject to many climatic influences, so that weather conditions there are more variable than in other European cities, especially those further west and south of the Alps.

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from the nearby Alps causes cold air to sink and result in temperatures below −15 °C (5 °F). In Munich the summer is usually pleasantly warm, with daytime temperatures averaging 25 °C (77 °F)

1101:. It has one of the strongest economies of any German city and the lowest unemployment rate of all cities in Germany with more than one million inhabitants. The city houses many multinational companies, such as 8893: 16686: 16348: 6734:, the wave pool Cosimawellenbad, as well as the Müllersches Volksbad which was built in 1901. Further, swimming within Munich's city limits is also possible in several artificial lakes such as for example the 2695:, the highest and lowest temperatures ever measured are 37.5 °C (100 °F), on 27 July 1983 in Trudering-Riem, and −31.6 °C (−24.9 °F), on 12 February 1929 in the Botanic Garden of the city. 1655:

in 1802 and once crowned, Maximilian Joseph generated state revenues by selling off church lands. While many monasteries were reestablished, Maximilian Joseph I succeeded in controlling the right to brew beer

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and the line was completed in May 1972, three months before the opening of the 1972 Summer Olympics. Shortly before the opening ceremony, Munich also inaugurated a sizable pedestrian priority zone between

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Peter Klimesch: Münchner Isarinseln – Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft. (Zum nördlichen Teil der Museumsinsel mit dem Vater-Rhein-Brunnen.) In: Ralf Sartori (Hrsg.): Die neue Isar, Band 4. München 2012.

1304:, after having burned down the town of Föhring and its bridges over the Isar. Historians date this event at about 1158. The layout of Munich city, with five city gates and market place, resembled that of 1117:. In addition, Munich is home to two research universities, and a multitude of scientific institutions. Munich's numerous architectural and cultural attractions, sports events, exhibitions and its annual 1755:

During the early to mid-19th century, the old fortified city walls of Munich were largely demolished due to population expansion. The first Munich railway station was built in 1839, with a line going to

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Munich has the highest density of music venues of any German city, followed by Hamburg, Cologne and Berlin. Within the city's limits are more than 100 nightclubs and thousands of bars and restaurants.

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described his political activism in Munich after November 1918 as the "Beginning of My Political Activity". Hitler called the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic "the rule of the Jews". In 1919

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Munich has the strongest economy of any German city according to a study and the lowest unemployment rate (5.4% in July 2020) of any German city of more than a million people (the others being

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population with about 800 (whole Germany about 1,600) people with Uyghur diaspora. Many of them fled to Munich due to the Chinese government and are exiled in Munich. Munich is also home to

1618:. The Bavarian army was restructured, with common soldiers receiving better food and reassurances that they would be treated humanely by officers. Munich was the largest German city to lose 12209:

Wolf-Armin Freiherr von Reitzenstein (2006), "München", Lexikon bayerischer Ortsnamen. Herkunft und Bedeutung. Oberbayern, Niederbayern, Oberpfalz (in German), München: C. H. Beck, p. 171,

7491:, whose liberal ways differed fundamentally from Munich's more traditional localities. The Simpl, which survives to this day, was named after Munich's anti-authoritarian satirical magazine 962: 16021: 11524: 1268:

populated the area around what is now modern Munich, such as in Johanneskirchen, Feldmoching, Bogenhausen and Pasing. The first known Christian church was built ca. 815 in Fröttmanning.

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the Croats are one of the two largest foreign minorities in the city, which is why some Croats refer to Munich as their "second capital." The largest groups of foreign nationals were

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the case to court. However, in October 2009, the permit allowing up to 9725 business flights per year to depart from or land at Oberpfaffenhofen was confirmed by a regional judge.

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in Munich was 38 percent public transport, 25 percent car, 23 percent walking, and 15 percent bicycle. Its public transport system delivered 566 million passenger trips that year.

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who drank this 'Flüssiges Brot', or 'liquid bread'. It became a public festival in 1751 and is now the second largest beer festival in Munich. A Starkbierfest may be celebrated in

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on the list of German cities by gross domestic product (GDP). In addition, it is one of the most attractive business locations in Germany. The city is also the economic centre of

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City guides published in the early 1860s directed tourists to Munich's architecture and art collections, which at the time were unique in Germany and are a legacy mainly of

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and the principle attention of the permanent collection is Classical Moderns. But the displays are enhanced continuously with spectacular gifts from private collections.

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In 1175, Munich received city status and fortification. In 1180, after Henry the Lion's fall from grace with Emperor Frederick Barbarosa, including his trial and exile,

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by the information technology, biotechnology, and publishing sectors. Environmental pollution is low, although as of 2006 the city council is concerned about levels of

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The establishment of Bavarian state sovereignty profoundly affected Munich. Munich became the center of a modernizing kingdom, and one of the king's first acts was the

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Munich Central Train Station serves about 450,000 passengers a day, which puts it on par with other large stations in Germany. Munich Central Train Station alongside

9585:. Pedestrian and bike paths, which permeate the entire Munich city centre, go through public squares and open spaces for enjoyment. Munich city centre was subject to 2101:

was asked to start work shortly after the Nazis had seized power because "the most German of all German cities" was left with no exhibition building when in 1931 the

9738:) between 1960 and 1973. At peak more than 1,000 guest workers arrived per day, in total 1.8 million guest workers passed through Munich Central Train Station. 5505: 17785: 14712: 6883:(The Blue Rider), a Munich-based modernist art. Starting in 1970s, German municipalities started to respond to cultural tourism and invested in public museums. The 6052: 579: 19120: 14266: 7097:. Some of classical music's best-known compositions have been created in and around Munich by composers born in the area, for example, Richard Strauss's tone poem 22194: 16739: 14773: 14652: 13720: 7463:

was a preeminent cultural metropolis. Schwabing was an epicenter for both literature and the fine arts, with numerous German and non-German artists living there.

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between 1789 and 1807. Besides planning the first public garden in Europe, Sckell also redesigned Baroque gardens as landscape gardens, including the parks of

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In 2021, 28.8 percent of Munich's residents were foreigners, and another 17.7 percent were German citizens with a migration background from a foreign country.

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in Munich between 1855 and 1857. Biedermeier was a synonym for arts, furniture, and the lifestyle of the nonheroic middle class. The Biedermeier era painters

1860:'s reign from 1886 to 1912 was marked by tremendous artistic and cultural activity in Munich. At the dawn of the 20th century Munich was an epicenter for the 16495: 9419:, one of Germany's biggest daily newspapers. The city is also the location of the programming headquarters of Germany's largest public broadcasting network, 8823:

The Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) and the Technische Universität München (TUM), were two of the first three German universities to be awarded the title

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There is no official division into districts. The number of districts is about 50, and if smaller units are counted as well, there are about 90 to 100 (see

15686: 14957: 14496:"Landeshauptstadt München: Bevölkerungsbestand – Aktuelle Jahreszahlen: Die Bevölkerung in den Stadtbezirken nach ausgewählten Konfessionen am 31.12.2017" 12076: 22479: 22245: 20825: 17875: 17280: 14088: 11404:, former Governor of California, bodybuilder and actor, resided at Christophstr. 1 and worked at Rolf Putziger's gym at Schillerstr. 36 from 1966 to 1968 8827:

by a selection committee composed of academics and members of the Ministries of Education and Research of the Federation and the German states (Länder).

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is a popular sport in Munich. The Flosskanal wave in the south of Munich is less challenging. A well visited surfing spot for experienced surfers is the

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style. The grand building projects of Ludwig I gave Munich the endearment "Isar-Athen" and "Monaco di Bavaria". Between 1856 and 1861 the court gardener

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For its urban population of 2.6 million people, Munich and its closest suburbs have a comprehensive network of public transport incorporating the

6528:, near the Residenz, dating back to the 16th century. The site of the largest beer garden in town, the former royal Hirschgarten, was founded in 1780. 1062:, business, and tourism. Munich enjoys a very high standard and quality of living, reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 17304: 9879:. It is used by about 46 million passengers a year, and lies some 30 km (19 mi) north east of the city centre. It replaced the smaller 23439: 22225: 21412: 18312: 6215: 1641: 1353: 22526: 22464: 17323: 16525: 14983: 4389:(CSU) on a federal, state, and local level since the establishment of the Federal Republic in 1949. The Munich city council is called the Stadtrat. 1334:. Although Bishop Otto had lost his bridge, the arbiters ordered Duke Henry to pay a third of his income to the Bishop in Freising as compensation. 17860: 13487:

Cole, Robert A. "Appeasing Hitler: The Munich Crisis of 1938: A Teaching and Learning Resource," New England Journal of History (2010) 66#2 pp 1–30

8528:, and Munich has been called "New York's big disco sister" in this context. Bars in the Schwabing district of this era include, among many others, 7912: 6388: 2228:

slogans such as "Down with Hitler" and "Hitler the Mass Murderer" on public buildings in Munich. The core members were arrested and executed after

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The NSDAP headquarters and the documentation apparatus for controlling all aspects of life were located in Munich. Nazi organizations, such as the

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The Bavarian state proceeded to take control over the beer market, by regulating all taxes on beer in 1806 and 1811. Brewers and the beer taverns (

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Landeshauptstadt München, Direktorium, Statistisches Amt: Statistisches Jahrbuch 2007, page 206 (Statistical Yearbook of the City of Munich 2007)

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Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag

11434:(1948–2012), singer, known as the "Queen of Disco", she was the most successful musical artist of the Disco era in the late 1970s and early 1980s 9113: 2264: 2012:

was appointed Bavarian prime minister and immediately planned for the expulsion of all Jews who did not hold German citizenship. Chief of Police

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The breakdown by cities proper (not metropolitan areas) of Global 500 cities listed Munich in 8th position in 2009. Munich is also a centre for

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Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt, Schwanthalerhöhe, Neuhausen-Nymphenburg, Pasing-Obermenzing, Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied, Allach-Untermenzing, Laim

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Brigitte Huber: Mauern, Tore Bastionen. München und seine Befestigungen. Hrsg.: Historischer Verein von Oberbayern. Volk Verlag, München 2015,

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After World War II, Munich soon again became a focal point of the German literary scene and remains so to this day, with writers as diverse as

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German society were the result of countless of collaborative efforts by many of the best visual artists and writers from Munich and elsewhere.

6444: 17254: 16656: 16312: 16197: 8609:. Before the Kunstpark Ost, there had already been an accumulation of internationally known nightclubs in the remains of the abandoned former 2610:) features like warm to hot summers and cold winters, but without permanent snow cover. The city centre lies between both climates, while the 351: 23707: 22283: 21437: 19190: 17970: 17865: 17198: 16623: 15409: 14553: 14119: 14058: 12090: 11818: 11628: 9582: 9484:

Munich has an extensive public transport system consisting of an underground metro, trams, buses and high-speed rail. In 2015, the transport

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based in Munich is one of the largest circuses in Europe. It was the first and still is one of only a few in Western Europe to also occupy a

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in Munich. Kunzelmann was also active in West Berlin, and became known for using situationist avant-garde as a cover for political violence.

2052:, 16 km (10 mi) north-west of the city. Because of its importance to the rise of National Socialism, Munich was referred to as the 1467:

as director of the court orchestra and tempted numerous Italian musicians to work at the Munich court, establishing Munich as a hub for late

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was founded, cementing the city's role in the movement's history. Munich served as the location for many of Fassbinder's films, among them

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Christian Behrer: Das Unterirdische München. Stadtkernarchäologie in der bayerischen Landeshauptstadt. Buchendorfer Verlag, München 2001,

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for an international audience in 1869, Munich emerged as a focal point for the arts. Men of distinction from around the world visited the

4849:) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 15 March 2020, and the results were as follows: 21986: 21476: 16469: 16405: 15896: 13972:

Hannes Burger: 350 Jahre Paulaner-Salvator-Thomasbräu AG. 1634–1984. Jubiläums-Festschrift. Paulaner-Salvator-Thomasbräu AG, München 1984

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emerged as the leading German high tech region during the 1980s and 1990s. The urban economy of Munich became characterized by a dynamic

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Bernd Meier, Ludwig Maile: Heilig Kreuz Fröttmaning 815–1990. Kirchenverwaltung und Pfarrgemeinderat St. Albert, München 1990, S. 13–15.

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Willibald Karl (Hrsg.): Dörfer auf dem Ziegelland. Daglfing-Denning-Englschalking-Johanneskirchen-Zamdorf. Buchendorfer, München 2002,

11701: 10473: 1610:. The new duke was disliked by the citizens of Munich for his supposedly enlightened ideas. In 1785 Karl Theodor invited Count Rumford 1337:

The 14th June 1158 is considered the official founding day of the city of Munich. Archaeological excavations at Marienhof Square (near

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with a translucent gold color, is the most popular contemporary Munich beer. Helles has largely replaced Munich's dark beer, known as

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After World War I, the city was at the centre of substantial political unrest. In November 1918, on the eve of the German revolution,

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Unlike the mono-city states Berlin and Hamburg, the State of Bremen consists of two cities, thus state and capital are not identical.

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In 1634 Swedish and Spanish troops advanced on Munich. Maximilian I published a plague ordinance to halt an epidemic escalation. The

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As the capital of Bavaria, Munich is an important political centre for both the state and country as a whole. It is the seat of the

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in Munich and in the mid-1840s Munich police estimated that at least 40,000 residents relied primarily on beer for their nutrition.

996:, while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany with 4,500 people per km. Munich is the second-largest city in the 23918: 23644: 22387: 21432: 17224: 16896: 15584: 9581:

cover an extensive area of the centre that can be enjoyed on foot and bike. These attributes result from applying the principle of

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Public sporting facilities in Munich include ten indoor swimming pools and eight outdoor swimming pools, which are operated by the

860: 16371: 15035: 14161: 8299:) was invented here in 1857. It is a Munich speciality. Traditionally Weisswurst is served in pubs before noon and is served with 8178:) is an annual event, to commemorate all servants, ranging from kitchenhands to cooks. The tradition started in the 19th century. 23373: 22092: 21960: 21485: 21402: 20818: 18340: 14463: 14401: 9848: 9720: 9565: 8905: 8252: 6343:

was based in Munich, his influence on Munich underwhelmed. Prior to 1914 the city of Munich was under-industrialized. During the

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Sendling, Sendling-Westpark, Obergiesing, Untergiesing-Harlaching, Thalkirchen-Obersendling-Forstenried-Fürstenried-Solln, Hadern

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that supposedly preceded Nazi control in Munich was detailed in Nazi publications; seminal accounts are that of Rudolf Schricker

950: 938: 702: 678: 86: 16820: 12010: 1070:. Munich is consistently ranked as one of the most expensive cities in Germany in terms of real estate prices and rental costs. 23728: 23378: 23337: 23281: 21979: 21387: 14895: 13628: 8831: 8775: 8006: 6992: 1963: 1349: 16709: 15505: 13307: 8549: 6279:

complex on the edge of Munich's Old Town now ranks among Europe's most significant museums of interior decoration. Within the

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Archaeological Showcase at the Münchner Stadtmuseum: Discoveries from the Marienhof excavations (2011/2012). 7 November 2021.

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was relocated to Munich Airport, leaving the Augsburg region of Bavaria without an air passenger airport within close reach.

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started to evolve in the 14th century. The German Christkindlmarkt reached the desired accomplishment in the 17th century in

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is the most successful club in Germany and it is also very reputed across Europe and the world. Munich hosted matches in the

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1998 ("Perspektive München"). LaSie defines three priorities for the construction of residential housing in Munich. Existing

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The most recent mayoral election was held on 15 March 2020, with a runoff held on 29 March, and the results were as follows:

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Ausgrabungen und Dokumentation – Vergangenheit aus dem Boden. Zweite Stammstrecke München. Deutsche Bahn Website, 5 May 2021

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München Hauptbahnhof is the central railway station located in the city centre and is the long-distance station in Munich.

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metropolitan commuter railway. In May 1967 the construction work began for a new U-Bahn line connecting the city with the

1043:. After the Nazis' rise to power, Munich was declared their "Capital of the Movement". The city was heavily bombed during 23990: 23985: 23624: 23617: 22428: 21945: 21422: 21237: 16551: 14704: 10161: 9491:

Munich is the hub of a developed regional transportation system, including the second-largest airport in Germany and the

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Celebrity literary figures worked in Munich especially during the final decades of the Kingdom of Bavaria, the so-called

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recording albums there. Munich also played a significant role in the development of electronic music, with genre pioneer

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confirmed that Munich would bid again for the Winter Olympics in the future. These plans were abandoned some time later.

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about this period: "München leuchtete" (literally "Munich shone"). Munich remained a centre of cultural life during the

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in 1328. He strengthened the city's position by granting it the salt monopoly, thus assuring it of additional income.

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Bayerischer Architekten- und Ingenieurverein (Hrsg.): München und seine Bauten. BoD – Books on Demand, 2012, S. 48/49

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The old air raid shelter next to platform 11 of Munich Central Train Station was an important distribution point for

9678: 7200: 7099: 6906:. The Alte Pinakothek contains works of European masters between the 14th and 18th centuries. Major displays include 5921: 5880: 5867: 5840: 5826: 5730: 5708: 5602: 5575: 4920: 4830: 4459: 4386: 3505: 2244: 1432: 903: 792: 23512: 20803: 13526:

Moorhouse, Roger, Killing Hitler: The Third Reich and the Plots against the Führer. Jonathan Cape, 2006, pp. 36–58.

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showcases fine and performing arts with live music, and several lanes of booths selling handmade crafts, as well as

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On 13 February 1327, a large fire broke out in Munich that lasted two days and destroyed about a third of the town.

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to take up residency in Munich and implement stringent social reforms. The poor were forced to live in newly built

1561: 1028: 22510: 16915: 16491: 15009: 10860:(1902–1967), co-founder of Christian Social Union (CSU), Post-war mayor and secretary of the Department of Justice 9876: 7172: 6911: 2669: 2591: 1827:'s predominant style. Munich based artists put on the German National Applied Arts Exhibition in 1888, showcasing 23923: 23738: 23684: 23629: 23404: 23399: 23320: 22318: 22062: 21955: 21469: 20782: 18841: 16136: 15878:("Cooper's founding myth: As true as the official emissions values of the automotive industry"), 19 February 2017 14531: 14349: 11194: 10924:(born 1987), German-born soccer player who plays for Borussia Monchengladbach and the United States National Team 10469: 9864: 9374: 7984: 6929: 6619: 6219: 5074: 4818: 4537: 4357:, and all state departments. Several national and international authorities are located in Munich, including the 1486: 1319: 15291:

Rankin, Elizabeth (July 2014). "Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst, Glyptothek, and Alte Pinakothek, Munich".

2044:

Munich again became important to the Nazis when they took power in Germany in 1933. The party created its first

1798: 284: 23980: 23689: 23639: 21232: 20437: 17821: 17409: 17276: 14953: 13751: 12234:

Fritz Lutz: Oberföhring. Zur 75-Jahrfeier der Eingemeindung Oberföhrings. Buchendorf: Buchendorfer Verlag 1988.

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community. It is represented in some Munich borough councils since 1990 (with its stronghold in the borough of

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German is spoken and understood in and around Munich. While the German language has many dialects, so-called "

1853:

moved to Munich, he was appointed as professor of physics. In 1901 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.

22057: 21797: 17439: 15818:"The Munich Feature Film Cluster: The Degree of Global Integration and Explanations for its Relative Success" 9274:

than any other German city, as well as the German or European headquarters of many foreign companies such as

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in October, the Stadtlauf end of June, the company run B2Run in July, the New Year's Run on 31 December, the

6611: 6176: 4296: 2299: 1519: 1342: 969:. The Munich metropolitan area – including suburbs and satellite towns – has 3 million inhabitants; and the 8978: 7561: 2177: 316: 23481: 23325: 22298: 22067: 21777: 21370: 18899: 17720: 17301: 16932:"Gesunde Luft für Gesunde Bürger – Stoppt Dieselruß! – Greenpeace misst Feinstaub und Dieselruß in München" 13923:"'The darkest day in Olympic history': Half a century later, the Munich massacre still casts a long shadow" 11500: 11360: 9960:

are today part of the Greater Munich Region, formed by Munich and the surrounding districts, making up the

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trains to destinations east of Munich also stop at the München Ost railway station. Munich is connected to

9248: 9034:, the German government funded research organization for applied research, has its headquarters in Munich. 8853: 8847: 8806: 8451: 8024: 7605: 7012: 6965: 6359:

was rejected for the post of city building chief. Modernist exceptions include a series of post offices by

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The growth of Munich was supplemented by its location on top of a gravel bed, where the Isar branched into

1372: 772: 460: 23571: 22474: 22163: 16408:[Club Study 2021: Initiative Musik presents individual evaluations of the German federal states]. 10863: 9936:

comprising about 2.6 million inhabitants. Several smaller traditional Bavarian towns and cities like

9082: 7374: 7346:, one of disco music's most important performers, both living and working in the city. In the late 1990s, 7272: 7144:) in Munich, a popular success for Wagner and King Ludwig II. Wagner premiered at the Hoftheater, now the 6144: 6096: 23649: 22362: 19602: 17641: 17320: 16517: 14979: 11383: 9616: 9615:

Cycling has a strong presence in the city and is recognized as a good alternative. The growing number of

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Munich is a major international musical centre and has played host to many prominent composers including

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was founded and in the 1920s Munich offered film makers an alternative to Germany's largest film studio,

1569: 18273: 17996: 16311:[Club Legends #4: Raves and Nirvana's last concert at Riem Airport] (in German). Mit Vergnügen. 10700: 9820:

for vehicles, these are an requirement when entering the city or driving in the wider surrounding area.

9194: 8482: 8409: 8248: 2068: 23970: 23803: 23274: 22505: 22313: 21462: 20772: 20061: 19768: 19551: 19406: 17955: 17685: 16435: 15755: 13181: 11032: 11002: 10832: 10086: 9961: 9868: 9798:(SW) terminate at Munich, allowing direct access to the different parts of Germany, Austria and Italy. 9550: 9334: 9201:

building (one of the few buildings that has been built from the top to the bottom) and the bowl-shaped

9022:, a government funded non-profit research organization, has its administrative headquarters in Munich. 8970: 8643: 7838: 7660:

The period immediately before World War I saw continued economic and cultural prominence for the city.

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Maxvorstadt, Schwabing-West, Moosach, Milbertshofen-Am Hart, Schwabing-Freimann, Feldmoching-Hasenbergl

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and settlement density, the development of buildings and green spaces as well as plans for functioning

2318: 2295: 1472: 970: 802: 600: 422: 21342: 21033: 15889:"Essen und Trinken 2023 – Schmankerl und Spezialitäten auf dem Frühlingsfest – Frühlingswiesn München" 15786: 8694: 8486: 6111: 1955:

owning one third of the share capital. In 1922 BMW relocated its headquarters to a factory in Munich.

253: 23763: 23679: 23634: 17814: 17398: 11026: 10823:(1922–2005), writer, President of the German PEN Center and founding member of the German Green Party 10706: 10651: 9860: 8939: 8812:

Munich is a leading location for science and research with a long list of Nobel Prize laureates from

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moves along the mountain range, or detaches, heading east-north-east over the foothills of the Alps.

2630: 2615: 2603: 2302:. Munich also became known on the political level due to the strong influence of Bavarian politician 2202: 2049: 1781: 1737: 1448: 837: 16043: 15353: 12460: 9805:

are commonplace at the beginning and end of major Bavarian holidays. There are few "green waves" or

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Wirtshäuser are traditional Bavarian pubs, many of which also have small outside areas. Biergärten (

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is the second largest collection in Germany of artefacts and objects from outside Europe, while the

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and seize power. The revolt failed, resulting in Hitler's arrest and the temporary crippling of the

1439:, Munich became its capital. The arts and politics became increasingly influenced by the court. The 23789: 22423: 22377: 21322: 21028: 21018: 20025: 17895: 17837: 17250: 16660: 16631: 16308: 16193: 13629:"Anlage zu § 1. Verzeichnis der Konzentrationslager und ihrer Außenkommandos gemäß § 42 Abs. 2 BEG" 12094: 11120: 11114: 11008: 10733: 10182: 9459: 8962: 7971: 7886: 7770: 7424: 7180: 7160: 7031: 6903: 6865: 6739: 6663: 4354: 4343: 4315:

in the city. According to Munich Statistical Office, in 2013 about 8.6% of Munich's population was

1974: 1697:

for Munich's working and lower classes. Since the Middle Ages beer had been regarded as nutritious

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dialect in Hamburg may find it difficult to understand the dialect of a Bavarian mountaineer. The

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Several high-rise buildings are clustered at the northern edge of Munich in the skyline, like the

1292:

The first medieval bridges across the river Isar were located in current city areas of Munich and

243: 237: 22143: 21267: 20975: 17880: 17795: 16786: 13678: 13174:"From the Murder of Eisner to the "Räterepublik Baiern" (Soviet Republic of Bavaria) | bavarikon" 12448: 12287:

Wie die Pest die Münchner dahinraffte – Süddeutsche Zeitung (12. Dezember 2018), 13 December 2018

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Klaus Schwarz: Atlas der spätkeltischen Viereckschanzen Bayerns – Pläne und Karten. München, 1959

11014: 10193: 10186: 9856: 9092: 8994: 8525: 8110: 7990: 7907: 7145: 7070: 6935: 6667: 6655: 6635: 6614:

is currently playing in the Beko Basket Bundesliga. The city hosted the final stages of the FIBA

6339:, Munich Jugendstil style was quickly submerged as historic trash. While the modernist architect 6290: 6227: 6060: 5036: 4838: 4501: 4300: 2673: 2405: 2337: 2045: 1689: 780: 572: 31: 21093: 21003: 17108: 10857: 10030: 9884: 9661: 9333:. Furthermore, Munich is the home of the headquarters of many other large companies such as the 9220: 7311:

developed into one of the most prominent recording studios in the world, with bands such as the

6631: 1761: 23883: 23674: 23612: 22575: 22397: 22273: 22042: 21307: 21222: 21183: 20600: 20510: 20076: 18167: 18059: 17705: 16846: 14292: 12399: