185:
234:, then further generalized as either adrenergic fibers, releasing noradrenaline, or cholinergic fibers, both releasing acetylcholine and expressing acetylcholine receptors. Both preganglionic sympathetic fibers and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are cholinergic. Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers are adrenergic: their neurotransmitter is norepinephrine except postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the sweat glands, piloerectile muscles of the body hairs, and the skeletal muscle arterioles do not use adrenaline/noradrenaline.
57:
31:
46:
246:
of the adrenal medulla act as "modified neurons", releasing adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream as hormones instead of as neurotransmitters. The other postganglionic fibers of the peripheral autonomic system belong to the parasympathetic division; all are cholinergic fibers, and use
2951:
Dorna; Varshavi, Dorsa; Allen, Dana; Arndt, David; Khetarpal, Nitya; Sivakumaran, Aadhavya; Harford, Karxena; Sanford, Selena; Yee, Kristen; Cao, Xuan; Budinsky, Zachary; Liigand, Jaanus; Zhang, Lun; Zheng, Jiamin; Mandal, Rupasri; Karu, Naama; Dambrova, Maija; Schiöth, Helgi B.; Gautam, Vasuk.
2950:
Wishart, David S.; Guo, An Chi; Oler, Eponine; Wang, Fel; Anjum, Afia; Peters, Harrison; Dizon, Raynard; Sayeeda, Zinat; Tian, Siyang; Lee, Brian L.; Berjanskii, Mark; Mah, Robert; Yamamoto, Mai; Jovel
Castillo, Juan; Torres Calzada, Claudia; Hiebert Giesbrecht, Mickel; Lui, Vicki W.; Varshavi,
2972:
Melchiorre C, Angeli P, Lambrecht G, Mutschler E, Picchio MT, Wess J (December 1987). "Antimuscarinic action of methoctramine, a new cardioselective M-2 muscarinic receptor antagonist, alone and in combination with atropine and gallamine".
255:
Another role for these receptors is at the junction of the innervated tissues and the postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Here acetylcholine is again used as a neurotransmitter, and
323:
It is known that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors also appear on the pre-synaptic membrane of somatic neurons in the neuro-muscular junction, where they are involved in the regulation of acetylcholine release.
241:
is considered a sympathetic ganglion and, like other sympathetic ganglia, is supplied by cholinergic preganglionic sympathetic fibers: acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter utilized at this synapse. The
3104:
Moro C, Uchiyama J, Chess-Williams R (December 2011). "Urothelial/lamina propria spontaneous activity and the role of M3 muscarinic receptors in mediating rate responses to stretch and carbachol".
288:
into the bloodstream. Some believe that chromaffin cells are modified postganglionic CNS fibers. In the adrenal medulla, acetylcholine is used as a neurotransmitter, and the receptor is of the
6200:
2269:"Transfected m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors couple to G alpha i2 and G alpha i3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Activation and desensitization of the phospholipase C signaling pathway"
528:. Muscarinic receptors vary in the G protein to which they are bound, with some correlation according to receptor type. G proteins are also classified according to their susceptibility to
311:
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are also present and distributed throughout the local nervous system, in post-synaptic and pre-synaptic positions. There is also some evidence for
512:
G proteins contain an alpha-subunit that is critical to the functioning of receptors. These subunits can take a number of forms. There are four broad classes of form of G-protein: G
3057:"Muscarinic m1 receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells is mediated by Gs alpha and is not a consequence of phosphoinositidase C activation"
1670:
type receptor, which causes a decrease in cAMP in the cell, inhibition of voltage-gated Ca channels, and increasing efflux of K, in general, leading to inhibitory-type effects.
2024:
7691:
6193:
2085:
6027:
6972:
2910:
Karlsson E, Jolkkonen M, Mulugeta E, Onali P, Adem A (September 2000). "Snake toxins with high selectivity for subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors".
1692:
muscarinic receptors are located at many places in the body. They are located in the smooth muscles of the blood vessels, as well as in the lungs. Because the M
1603:(causing an increase in cAMP) have also been shown to be involved in interactions in certain tissues, and so would be susceptible to PTX and CTX, respectively.
7435:
6362:
352:; in this case, the ligand is ACh. This receptor is bound to intracellular proteins, known as G proteins, which begin the information cascade within the cell.
6186:
3281:
478:
have characterised five genes that appear to encode muscarinic receptors, named m1-m5 (lowercase m; no subscript number). They code for pharmacologic types M
439:
receptors than it is at other subtypes. The acceptance of the various subtypes proceeded in numerical order, therefore, earlier sources may recognize only M
7686:
6967:
7388:
1732:
receptors are also located in many glands, which help to stimulate secretion in, for example, the salivary glands, as well as other glands of the body.
6452:
7307:
6467:
5493:
376:
By the use of selective radioactively labeled agonist and antagonist substances, five subtypes of muscarinic receptors have been determined, named M
6447:
2111:
6953:
4431:
2086:
Purves, Dale, George J. Augustine, David
Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White (2008).
6382:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
1046:
7575:
7500:
7292:
6794:
6789:
6502:
6442:
570:
Because of the strong correlations to muscarinic receptor type, CTX and PTX are useful experimental tools in investigating these receptors.
7287:
7282:
6992:
6977:
6482:
6477:
6422:
6412:
6372:
6252:
1700:-coupled and mediates an increase in intracellular calcium, it typically causes contraction of smooth muscle, such as that observed during
7712:
7505:
7277:
7022:
6666:
6555:
6377:
6367:
5363:
215:) and slow depolarization (Slow EPSP) that represent the recovery of the postganglionic neuron from stimulation are actually mediated by
7262:
6844:
6701:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6287:
6272:
5753:
5748:
567:
The various G-protein subunits act differently upon secondary messengers, upregulating
Phospholipases, downregulating cAMP, and so on.
7182:
6749:
6407:
6387:
5784:
5129:
3274:
2654:
742:
564:) which is immune. Also, only when bound with an agonist, those G proteins normally sensitive to PTX also become susceptible to CTX.
6512:
6277:
5744:
4530:
4525:
2386:
Egorov AV, Hamam BN, Fransén E, Hasselmo ME, Alonso AA (November 2002). "Graded persistent activity in entorhinal cortex neurons".
7322:
5768:
5450:
5445:
5440:
4406:
2700:
7157:
6859:
6432:
6267:
5824:
4694:
4521:
5435:
4381:
3156:
3017:
2841:
2602:"Muscarinic receptors: their distribution and function in body systems, and the implications for treating overactive bladder"
2541:
2320:
2095:
230:
Peripheral autonomic fibers (sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers) are categorized anatomically as either preganglionic or
4609:
4421:
3891:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3267:
1814:
1771:
1683:
1616:
1560:
1446:
1285:
1066:
867:
610:
421:
414:
399:
392:
385:
2652:
Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Lelli C, Bartolini A (2001). "M1 receptor activation is a requirement for arecoline analgesia".
5422:
4071:
2800:
Lameh J, Burstein ES, Taylor E, Weiner DM, Vanover KE, Bonhaus DW (August 2007). "Pharmacology of N-desmethylclozapine".
1845:
that upregulate phospholipase C and, therefore, inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium as a signaling pathway.
1856:
targeting the mAChR that are currently approved for clinical use include non-selective antagonists for the treatment of
1591:
and intracellular calcium as a signaling pathway. A receptor so bound would not be susceptible to CTX or PTX. However, G
6961:
6957:
6220:
5327:
4296:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
4184:
3979:
3974:
3969:
1641:
receptors (e.g. by atropine) will cause a raise in heart rate. They also moderately reduce contractile forces of the
1566:
703:
628:
204:
363:
to open, permitting either one or more specific types of ions (e.g., K, Na, Ca) to diffuse into or out of the cell.
7727:
5778:
5773:
4713:
4708:
3789:
3784:
1913:
126:
38:
7559:
5957:
5864:
4718:
3964:
3719:
2872:
Servent D, Blanchet G, Mourier G, Marquer C, Marcon E, Fruchart-Gaillard C (November 2011). "Muscarinic toxins".
1637:. In humans, under resting conditions, vagal activity dominates over sympathetic activity. Hence, inhibition of M
7102:
7011:
6580:
5813:
5808:
5342:
4583:
4578:
4426:
4275:
4270:
1596:
103:
7097:
6544:
5347:
2069:
315:
receptors on sympathetic neurons allowing the parasympathetic nervous system to inhibit sympathetic effects.
268:
Very few parts of the sympathetic system use cholinergic receptors. In sweat glands the receptors are of the
203:. Nicotinic receptors on the postganglionic neuron are responsible for the initial fast depolarization (Fast
3172:
Langmead CJ, Watson J, Reavill C (February 2008). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as CNS drug targets".
7681:
5804:
4144:
4139:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3345:
456:
5338:
3905:
3900:
3361:
3341:
3207:
Matera C, Tata AM (2014). "Pharmacological approaches to targeting muscarinic acetylcholine receptors".
1956:
Eglen RM (July 2006). "Muscarinic receptor subtypes in neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic function".
52:- an agonist used to distinguish between these two classes of receptors. Not normally found in the body.
7411:
7351:
4338:
4333:
4189:
4179:
4174:
4159:
4154:
4127:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3854:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3294:
349:
107:
79:
17:
7112:
7082:
6530:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4135:
4021:
3849:
3831:
3812:
3805:
3324:
3259:
1115:
7722:
7655:
7403:
5930:
5799:
5759:
5405:
4329:
4291:
4150:
3939:
3863:
3817:
3307:
3253:
3249:
3148:
356:
130:
3244:
2600:
Abrams P, Andersson KE, Buccafusco JJ, Chapple C, de Groat WC, Fryer AD, et al. (July 2006).
7717:
6879:
6734:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4603:
4598:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4495:
4361:
4245:
4213:
4208:
4170:
4165:
4076:
3800:
2187:"International Union of Pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors"
1794:
receptors to decrease cAMP in the cell and, thus, produce generally inhibitory effects. Possible
345:
169:
2216:
Simon MI, Strathmann MP, Gautam N (May 1991). "Diversity of G proteins in signal transduction".
6949:
6681:
6178:
4316:
4311:
4228:
4223:
3822:
3423:
3418:
3138:
2701:"Muscarine reduces inwardly rectifying potassium conductance in rat nucleus accumbens neurones"
1903:
1857:
1755:
1724:
on vascular tone and bronchiolar tone. Indeed, direct stimulation of vascular smooth muscle, M
1588:
1463:
1310:
1121:
912:
645:
638:
296:
75:
3139:
Keith Parker; Laurence
Brunton; Goodman, Louis Sanford; Lazo, John S.; Gilman, Alfred (2006).
1295:
1076:
877:
620:
7640:
7589:
7525:
7302:
7247:
6697:
6676:
6522:
5861:
4699:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4639:
4594:
4491:
4354:
4349:
4301:
4204:
4199:
3986:
3870:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3428:
3413:
3290:
2063:
1898:
1869:
1853:
1649:
1625:
muscarinic receptors are located in the heart and lungs. In the heart, they act to slow the
1369:
1220:
1143:
986:
917:
906:
776:
333:
138:
99:
3140:
184:
7635:
7555:
7152:
5911:
5569:
4881:
4704:
4689:
4266:
4219:
3896:
3875:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
2395:
2225:
2186:
1932:
1705:
1155:
1148:
272:
type. The sympathetic nervous system also has some preganglionic nerves terminating at the
231:
4555:
4550:
4545:
2839:
1728:
mediates vasoconstriction in diseases wherein the vascular endothelium is disrupted. The M
359:
mechanism for signaling. In this case, binding of the ligands with the receptor causes an
8:
7650:
7312:
7197:
7007:
6809:
5734:
4669:
4560:
4344:
4307:
3772:
3401:
3333:
3141:
1922:
1721:
1701:
1126:
1087:
475:
146:
2399:
2229:
435:
is a muscarinic antagonist (decreases the effect of ACh), which is much more potent at M
7383:
7378:
7137:
7092:
6914:
6565:
6540:
6357:
6234:
6212:
5953:
5464:
5288:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4324:
3699:
3672:
3409:
3081:
3056:
2725:
2626:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2419:
2363:
2338:
2249:
2162:
2137:
2105:
1893:
1799:
1430:
1422:
837:
829:
821:
757:
200:
3220:
2923:
2738:
2667:
2285:
7660:
7520:
7415:
7232:
7127:
7077:
6934:
6814:
5819:
5763:
5409:
5139:
5134:
4589:
4286:
3635:
3224:
3189:
3185:
3152:
3121:
3086:
3013:
2990:
2986:
2927:
2889:
2817:
2813:
2782:
2730:
2681:
2631:
2573:
2537:
2411:
2368:
2316:
2290:
2268:
2241:
2198:
2167:
2091:
2044:
2000:
1973:
1969:
1927:
1540:
1384:
1304:
1275:
1031:
791:
632:
173:
2761:"Effects of nebracetam (WEB 1881 FU), a novel nootropic, as a M1-muscarinic agonist"
2590:
2253:
7373:
7192:
7147:
6648:
4614:
4536:
4386:
3216:
3181:
3113:
3076:
3068:
2982:
2919:
2881:
2809:
2772:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2671:
2663:
2621:
2613:
2423:
2403:
2358:
2350:
2280:
2233:
2157:
2149:
2036:
1965:
1839:
1788:
1744:
1718:
which diffuses to adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells and causes their relaxation
1664:
1577:
1476:
1323:
1175:
930:
694:
685:
677:
406:
243:
207:) of that neuron. As a consequence of this, nicotinic receptors are often cited as
196:
161:
94:. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-receptor stimulated by
3117:
3035:"Cholinergic Transduction, Psychopharmacology - The Fourth Generation of Progress"
2885:
56:
7533:
7490:
7187:
6924:
6849:
6829:
6620:
6584:
6007:
5794:
5603:
4892:
4574:
4541:
4281:
3578:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3034:
2339:"Cholinergic modulation of neuronal excitability in the accessory olfactory bulb"
1873:
1751:
1653:
1510:
1379:
1235:
1105:
1097:
1006:
781:
588:
533:
277:
273:
238:
2315:(5th ed.). India: Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers. pp. 890 pages.
7529:
7132:
7072:
6834:
6612:
6608:
6596:
6302:
5880:
4740:
4568:
3795:
3588:
3583:
3573:
3549:
3519:
3514:
2567:
2040:
1992:
1645:
1634:
1570:
1515:
1394:
1240:
1101:
1056:
1011:
852:
786:
656:
285:
91:
7706:
7645:
7485:
7471:
7467:
7459:
7407:
7067:
7062:
6929:
6864:
6347:
6262:
5935:
5584:
5579:
5574:
4500:
4436:
3504:
2138:"Inactive-state preassembly of G(q)-coupled receptors and G(q) heterotrimers"
1652:(AV node). It also serves to slightly decrease the contractile forces of the
1584:
1520:
1486:
1399:
1345:
1245:
1185:
1041:
1001:
952:
798:
717:
593:
529:
495:
340:
as their signaling mechanism. In such receptors, the signaling molecule (the
192:
157:
95:
83:
34:
2237:
486:. The receptors m1 and m2 were determined based upon partial sequencing of M
7549:
7545:
7479:
7475:
7427:
7419:
7237:
7202:
7117:
7017:
7002:
6939:
6869:
6819:
6724:
6689:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6640:
6457:
6417:
6392:
5857:
4255:
4249:
3859:
3844:
3667:
3434:
3228:
3193:
3125:
2931:
2893:
2821:
2685:
2635:
2617:
2577:
2415:
2372:
2171:
2048:
2004:
1977:
1937:
1795:
1717:
1713:
1642:
1630:
1496:
1360:
1205:
1151:
972:
962:
902:
896:
727:
312:
7037:
7032:
3090:
2994:
2952:
2786:
2734:
2354:
2294:
2245:
2202:
494:
receptor proteins. The others were found by searching for homology, using
7665:
7630:
7610:
7537:
7515:
7510:
7495:
7455:
7431:
7398:
7367:
7359:
7341:
7317:
7267:
7252:
7242:
7212:
7207:
7172:
7057:
7052:
7027:
6997:
6982:
6839:
6799:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6739:
6719:
6644:
6632:
6616:
6600:
6570:
6472:
6437:
6427:
6297:
2840:
2153:
1877:
1535:
1525:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1404:
1265:
1260:
1250:
1230:
1210:
1195:
1026:
1016:
996:
857:
847:
842:
834:
826:
818:
813:
803:
771:
432:
360:
281:
134:
111:
2407:
431:
proteins. There are other classification systems. For example, the drug
7625:
7605:
7570:
7463:
7451:
7439:
7346:
7335:
7331:
7272:
7167:
7162:
7142:
7047:
6919:
6874:
6854:
6804:
6759:
6709:
6705:
6693:
6624:
6604:
6592:
6550:
6507:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6462:
6397:
6337:
6282:
6257:
6242:
6159:
6075:
5302:
2777:
2760:
2676:
1626:
1530:
1409:
1270:
1255:
1021:
886:
808:
752:
747:
507:
471:
3289:
3072:
3012:(2nd ed.). Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Inc. pp. 311 pages.
27:
Acetylcholine receptors named for their selective binding of muscarine
7443:
7423:
7393:
7363:
7355:
7257:
7217:
7177:
7122:
7042:
6987:
6944:
6889:
6764:
6754:
6729:
6685:
6636:
6628:
6588:
6575:
6402:
6352:
6307:
6292:
5868:
5789:
3311:
1491:
1355:
1350:
1331:
1200:
1190:
1135:
1051:
977:
967:
957:
938:
737:
732:
722:
709:
355:
By contrast, nicotinic receptors form pentameric complexes and use a
337:
318:
300:
118:
117:
Muscarinic receptors are so named because they are more sensitive to
49:
7619:
7565:
7541:
7297:
7227:
7087:
6824:
6744:
6713:
6671:
6560:
6093:
6071:
2846:
1861:
1505:
1374:
1225:
991:
892:
766:
652:
122:
60:
2971:
7615:
7595:
7447:
7222:
7107:
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6904:
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5164:
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4814:
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4789:
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4475:
4470:
2957:
1337:
1109:
944:
260:
receptors form the principal receptors on the innervated tissue.
142:
141:) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective
87:
6208:
3143:
Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics
2651:
2599:
30:
7323:
6884:
6535:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6002:
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5942:
5904:
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5894:
5856:
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5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
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5645:
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5547:
5542:
5479:
5474:
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5377:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5283:
5264:
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5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
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5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5124:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4415:
4106:
3929:
3923:
3493:
3488:
3478:
3473:
1162:
1131:
341:
129:(nAChRs), receptor ion channels that are also important in the
2909:
6247:
6142:
5833:
5828:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5591:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5372:
5367:
5357:
5352:
5293:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4445:
4410:
4260:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4066:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3958:
3918:
3913:
3836:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3483:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
2871:
2536:(5th ed.). Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. p. 139.
1865:
1455:
556:
is susceptible to PTX, with the exception of one subtype of G
165:
2842:"ED-SPAZ- hyoscyamine sulfate tablet, orally disintegrating"
2266:
1712:
on vascular endothelial cells causes increased synthesis of
45:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
5515:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5307:
5297:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4564:
4440:
3934:
1881:
212:
6221:
6069:
3103:
2385:
1569:
at the ganglion in the postganglionic nerve, is common in
209:
the receptor on the postganglionic neurons at the ganglion
5332:
2799:
1708:. However, with respect to vasculature, activation of M
303:
receptor to acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2532:
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK (2003). "Ch. 10".
641:
activates slow after-depolarizing potentials in neurons
332:
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors belong to a class of
176:. Muscarinic receptors are used in the following roles:
1576:
It is predominantly found bound to G proteins of class
7113:
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
2945:
2943:
2941:
1093:
Increase intracellular calcium in vascular endothelium
188:
The structure of
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2.
3171:
2550:
2215:
2758:
2267:
Dell'Acqua ML, Carroll RC, Peralta EG (March 1993).
2938:
2531:
3032:
1758:and intracellular calcium as a signaling pathway.
319:Presynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction
3147:(11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp.
3132:
3001:
2184:
7704:
7303:Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
3097:
2953:"Showing metabocard for Arecoline (HMDB0030353)"
2566:Carlson, AB; Kraus, GP (2019), "article-19473",
2135:
306:
7328:Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
3054:
3007:
2759:Kitamura Y, Kaneda T, Nomura Y (January 1991).
2647:
2645:
2572:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2306:
2304:
2136:Qin K, Dong C, Wu G, Lambert NA (August 2011).
1999:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1838:receptors are coupled with G proteins of class
1720:, thereby explaining the paradoxical effect of
327:
133:. Many drugs and other substances (for example
3026:
2949:
1848:
384:(using an upper case M and subscript number).
7692:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
6194:
3275:
3037:. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
2698:
1158:vasodilation depending on the location of M3.
211:. However, the subsequent hyperpolarization (
3165:
2793:
2642:
2565:
2336:
2301:
2110:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2022:
7687:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
3306:
3048:
2965:
2905:
2903:
2692:
2310:
2016:
1949:
501:
7263:3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
6226:Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
6201:
6187:
5404:
3282:
3268:
3206:
2867:
2865:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2260:
2209:
2178:
2051:. Archived from the original on 2009-02-05
1990:
447:subtypes, while later studies recognize M
3252:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3080:
2776:
2724:
2675:
2625:
2362:
2284:
2161:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
250:
2900:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2081:
2079:
1648:, and reduce conduction velocity of the
183:
55:
44:
37:- the natural agonist of muscarinic and
29:
2862:
2828:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2185:Caulfield MP, Birdsall NJ (June 1998).
247:acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter.
14:
7705:
4432:Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
2337:Smith RS, Araneda RC (December 2010).
2118:
2090:. Sinauer Associates. pp. 122–6.
1991:Kudlak, Megan; Tadi, Prasanna (2024),
1565:This receptor is found mediating slow
465:
6182:
6068:
5855:
5436:Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor
5403:
3305:
3263:
2076:
1958:Autonomic & Autacoid Pharmacology
1955:
179:
3245:Acetylcholine Receptors (Muscarinic)
3209:Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery
3055:Burford NT, Nahorski SR (May 1996).
2430:
2025:"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors"
1815:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
1772:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
1684:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
1617:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
1561:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
366:
263:
80:G protein-coupled receptor complexes
2850:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
2699:Uchimura N, North RA (March 1990).
2273:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
651:Higher cognitive processes such as
24:
7713:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
2327:if nothing else mentioned in table
2313:Essentials of Medical Pharmacology
1743:receptors are G proteins of class
1595:(causing a downstream decrease in
1303:Activation of M4 causes decreased
68:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
25:
7739:
6925:Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
6597:chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)
6581:Antihistamines (first-generation)
6358:Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine)
6210:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
3238:
3221:10.2174/1574889809666141120131238
2569:Physiology, Cholinergic Receptors
1993:"Physiology, Muscarinic Receptor"
371:
127:nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
5785:Growth-hormone-releasing hormone
3186:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.09.009
2975:European Journal of Pharmacology
2958:Human Metabolome Database, HMDB
2814:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.05.004
2765:Japanese Journal of Pharmacology
1970:10.1111/j.1474-8673.2006.00368.x
1914:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
1780:receptors are found in the CNS.
552:) are susceptible to CTX. Only G
227:respectively (discussed below).
7646:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
7464:northiaden (desmethyldosulepin)
5745:Corticotropin-releasing hormone
3200:
3174:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2802:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2752:
2606:British Journal of Pharmacology
2379:
2330:
1663:muscarinic receptors act via a
1629:down below the normal baseline
102:. They are mainly found in the
7103:N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
4407:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
2717:10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017989
1984:
1804:
1761:
1673:
1606:
1550:
106:, but also have a role in the
104:parasympathetic nervous system
13:
1:
7682:Receptor/signaling modulators
7098:N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
5825:Vasoactive intestinal peptide
4695:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
3118:10.1016/j.urology.2011.08.039
2924:10.1016/S0300-9084(00)01176-7
2886:10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.08.004
2668:10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01091-6
2286:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53372-X
2029:Current Pharmaceutical Design
1943:
1823:receptors is not well known.
1090:and increased lung secretion.
307:Higher central nervous system
7538:cyamemazine (cyamepromazine)
2987:10.1016/0014-2999(87)90509-7
1798:may result if stimulated by
1583:, which use upregulation of
427:receptors are coupled with G
328:Form of muscarinic receptors
7:
7352:Tetracyclic antidepressants
7243:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
6865:Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
4610:Prolactin-releasing peptide
3295:G protein-coupled receptors
3033:Richelson, Elliott (2000).
2023:Ishii M, Kurachi Y (2006).
1887:
1849:Pharmacological application
405:receptors are coupled with
350:seven transmembrane regions
152:
10:
7744:
7501:Tripitamine (tripitramine)
6725:Benzatropine (benztropine)
2343:Journal of Neurophysiology
2041:10.2174/138161206778522056
1880:(used in the treatment of
1812:
1769:
1681:
1633:, by slowing the speed of
1614:
1558:
505:
108:sympathetic nervous system
7674:
7588:
7404:Tricyclic antidepressants
6954:+beclometasone/formoterol
6531:3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
6521:
6233:
6219:
6152:
6086:
6082:
6064:
5921:
5879:
5875:
5851:
5725:
5602:
5421:
5417:
5399:
5274:
4891:
4739:
4732:
4238:
4126:
4119:
3884:
3771:
3762:
3598:
3503:
3400:
3332:
3323:
3319:
3301:
2705:The Journal of Physiology
2068:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1134:when M3 is stimulated or
1116:gastrointestinal motility
1084:smooth muscle contraction
125:. Their counterparts are
7656:Phosphatidylethanolamine
5931:Calcium-sensing receptor
5800:Methuselah-like proteins
3254:Medical Subject Headings
3008:Johnson, Gordon (2002).
536:(PTX, whooping cough). G
502:Difference in G proteins
357:ligand-gated ion channel
131:autonomic nervous system
7728:Acetylcholine receptors
6880:Diphemanil metilsulfate
6735:Benzilylcholine mustard
6682:Atypical antipsychotics
4077:Sphingosine-1-phosphate
3965:Hydroxycarboxylic acids
3061:The Biochemical Journal
2238:10.1126/science.1902986
2191:Pharmacological Reviews
2142:Nature Chemical Biology
344:) binds to a monomeric
170:neuromuscular junctions
76:acetylcholine receptors
7526:Typical antipsychotics
7298:Scopolamine (hyoscine)
6973:Hexahydrosiladifenidol
6950:Glycopyrronium bromide
5958:Metabotropic glutamate
2618:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706780
1906:(Cholinergic receptor)
1904:Acetylcholine receptor
1834:muscarinic receptor, M
1756:inositol trisphosphate
1739:muscarinic receptor, M
1589:inositol trisphosphate
646:long-term potentiation
540:and some subtypes of G
334:metabotropic receptors
297:somatic nervous system
251:Postganglionic neurons
195:is always used as the
189:
64:
53:
42:
7641:Glycerophosphocholine
7444:dosulepin (dothiepin)
7248:Propantheline bromide
7123:Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
6677:Atropine methonitrate
3987:Lysophosphatidic acid
3291:Cell surface receptor
3250:Receptors,+Muscarinic
2355:10.1152/jn.00446.2010
1899:Muscarinic antagonist
1650:atrioventricular node
1144:Iris sphincter muscle
918:homotropic inhibition
232:postganglionic fibers
187:
100:postganglionic fibers
59:
48:
33:
7636:Dimethylethanolamine
7556:Umeclidinium bromide
7436:desmethyldesipramine
7153:Oxyphenonium bromide
6363:Ethoxysebacylcholine
5912:Vomeronasal receptor
4882:Vomeronasal receptor
2612:(5). Wiley: 565–78.
2311:Tripathi KD (2004).
2154:10.1038/nchembio.642
2088:Neuroscience. 4th ed
1933:Nicotinic antagonist
1722:parasympathomimetics
574:Comparison of types
476:molecular biologists
7651:Phosphatidylcholine
7313:Sofpironium bromide
7198:Pipenzolate bromide
7008:Ipratropium bromide
6810:Cimetropium bromide
5805:Parathyroid hormone
3765:signaling molecules
2408:10.1038/nature01171
2400:2002Natur.420..173E
2230:1991Sci...252..802S
1923:Adrenergic receptor
1858:Parkinson's disease
1800:muscarinic agonists
1787:receptors work via
1702:bronchoconstriction
1088:bronchoconstriction
903:conduction velocity
575:
466:Genetic differences
458:and most recently M
158:Acetylcholine (ACh)
7384:Tiotropium bromide
7379:Timepidium bromide
7138:Oxitropium bromide
7093:Muscarinic toxin 7
6968:Hexahydrodifenidol
6915:Emepronium bromide
6566:Ambutonium bromide
6541:Aclidinium bromide
5954:Glutamate receptor
5339:Protease-activated
2778:10.1254/jjp.55.177
1894:Muscarinic agonist
1587:C and, therefore,
893:contractile forces
758:Desmethylclozapine
573:
219:receptors, types M
201:autonomic ganglion
190:
180:Recovery receptors
110:in the control of
65:
54:
43:
7700:
7699:
7661:Phosphorylcholine
7599:
7584:
7583:
7521:Trospium chloride
7416:amitriptylinoxide
7389:Tiquizium bromide
7233:Prifinium bromide
7128:Otilonium bromide
7083:Methylscopolamine
7078:Methylhomatropine
6935:Fentonium bromide
6815:Clidinium bromide
6176:
6175:
6172:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6055:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5386:
4728:
4727:
4115:
4114:
3758:
3757:
3158:978-0-07-142280-2
3112:(6): 1442.e9–15.
3073:10.1042/bj3150883
3019:978-1-55009-109-0
2918:(9–10): 793–806.
2543:978-0-443-07145-4
2322:978-81-8061-187-2
2097:978-0-87893-697-7
1928:Nicotinic agonist
1872:(used to prevent
1548:
1547:
1541:trospium chloride
1385:trospium chloride
1276:trospium chloride
1156:systemic vascular
1149:cerebral vascular
1127:Eye accommodation
1104:secretions, e.g.
1032:trospium chloride
792:trospium chloride
633:autonomic ganglia
367:Receptor isoforms
264:Innervated tissue
174:autonomic ganglia
16:(Redirected from
7735:
7593:
7374:Tiemonium iodide
7329:
7325:
7193:Phenyltoloxamine
7148:Oxyphencyclimine
6649:phenyltoloxamine
6453:Suberyldicholine
6231:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6180:
6179:
6084:
6083:
6066:
6065:
5877:
5876:
5853:
5852:
5419:
5418:
5401:
5400:
4737:
4736:
4124:
4123:
4022:Lysophospholipid
3769:
3768:
3330:
3329:
3325:Neurotransmitter
3321:
3320:
3303:
3302:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3233:
3232:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3146:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3010:PDQ Pharmacology
3005:
2999:
2998:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2947:
2936:
2935:
2907:
2898:
2897:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2837:
2826:
2825:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2737:. Archived from
2728:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2649:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2563:
2548:
2547:
2529:
2428:
2427:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2366:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2165:
2133:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2101:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2067:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1953:
1754:and, therefore,
1750:that upregulate
1573:and in the CNS.
576:
572:
280:, which secrete
274:chromaffin cells
244:chromaffin cells
197:neurotransmitter
162:neurotransmitter
63:- an antagonist.
21:
7743:
7742:
7738:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7733:
7732:
7723:Neurophysiology
7703:
7702:
7701:
7696:
7670:
7592:
7580:
7534:chlorprothixene
7491:Trihexyphenidyl
7327:
7308:Silahexacyclium
7188:Phenglutarimide
6850:Desfesoterodine
6830:Cyclobenzaprine
6621:diphenhydramine
6585:brompheniramine
6517:
6468:Thiopilocarpine
6225:
6215:
6207:
6177:
6164:
6148:
6078:
6052:
5939:
5917:
5871:
5839:
5721:
5598:
5413:
5383:
5270:
4887:
4724:
4330:Cholecystokinin
4234:
4111:
3940:Free fatty acid
3880:
3764:
3763:Metabolites and
3754:
3594:
3499:
3396:
3315:
3297:
3288:
3241:
3236:
3205:
3201:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3137:
3133:
3102:
3098:
3053:
3049:
3040:
3038:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3006:
3002:
2970:
2966:
2948:
2939:
2908:
2901:
2880:(6–7): 455–63.
2870:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2838:
2829:
2798:
2794:
2757:
2753:
2744:
2742:
2697:
2693:
2650:
2643:
2598:
2591:
2582:
2580:
2564:
2551:
2544:
2530:
2431:
2394:(6912): 173–8.
2384:
2380:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2309:
2302:
2265:
2261:
2224:(5007): 802–8.
2214:
2210:
2183:
2179:
2134:
2119:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2084:
2077:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2035:(28): 3573–81.
2021:
2017:
2009:
2007:
1989:
1985:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1890:
1874:motion sickness
1864:(to dilate the
1851:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1792:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1752:phospholipase C
1748:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1727:
1711:
1706:bladder voiding
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1668:
1662:
1640:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1581:
1571:exocrine glands
1563:
1557:
1554:
1511:Diphenhydramine
1480:
1450:
1390:
1380:Diphenhydramine
1335:
1329:
1327:
1289:
1236:Diphenhydramine
1179:
1106:salivary glands
1070:
1037:
1007:Diphenhydramine
942:
936:
934:
871:
782:Diphenhydramine
707:
701:
698:
692:
689:
683:
681:
673:
668:
614:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:pertussis toxin
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
504:
493:
489:
485:
481:
468:
461:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
430:
425:
418:
410:
403:
396:
389:
383:
379:
374:
369:
330:
321:
309:
278:adrenal medulla
266:
253:
239:adrenal medulla
226:
222:
182:
155:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7741:
7731:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7718:Neurochemistry
7715:
7698:
7697:
7695:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7675:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7613:
7608:
7602:
7600:
7586:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7553:
7530:chlorpromazine
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7133:Oxapium iodide
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7073:Methylatropine
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6835:Cyclopentolate
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6613:dimenhydrinate
6609:cyproheptadine
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6538:
6533:
6527:
6525:
6519:
6518:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6448:Sebacylcholine
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6303:Butyrylcholine
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6239:
6237:
6228:
6217:
6216:
6206:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6183:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6156:
6154:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6090:
6088:
6080:
6079:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6025:
6019:
6014:
6005:
6000:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5951:
5945:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5925:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5886:
5884:
5873:
5872:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5831:
5822:
5817:
5811:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5757:
5751:
5742:
5737:
5731:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5608:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5427:
5425:
5415:
5414:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5375:
5370:
5361:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5336:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5291:
5286:
5284:Adrenomedullin
5280:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4897:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
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4807:
4802:
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4702:
4697:
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4687:
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4667:
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4646:
4637:
4631:
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4621:
4612:
4607:
4601:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4572:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4519:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4489:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4404:
4398:
4393:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4368:
4362:Formyl peptide
4359:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4342:
4336:
4327:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4314:
4305:
4299:
4294:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4226:
4217:
4211:
4202:
4193:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4148:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4019:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3962:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3916:
3903:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3834:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3766:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3746:
3741:
3736:
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3726:
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3711:
3706:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3690:
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3680:
3670:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3633:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3567:
3561:
3556:
3547:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3509:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3432:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3368:
3359:
3353:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3327:
3317:
3316:
3299:
3298:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3247:
3240:
3239:External links
3237:
3235:
3234:
3199:
3164:
3157:
3131:
3096:
3047:
3025:
3018:
3000:
2964:
2937:
2899:
2861:
2827:
2792:
2751:
2691:
2662:(5–7): 383–5.
2641:
2589:
2549:
2542:
2429:
2378:
2349:(6): 2963–74.
2329:
2321:
2300:
2279:(8): 5676–85.
2259:
2208:
2177:
2117:
2096:
2075:
2015:
1983:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1813:Main article:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1790:
1784:
1777:
1770:Main article:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1709:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1682:Main article:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1646:cardiac muscle
1638:
1635:depolarization
1622:
1615:Main article:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1592:
1579:
1559:Main article:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1516:Dimenhydrinate
1513:
1508:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1395:Dimenhydrinate
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1341:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:Dimenhydrinate
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1102:exocrine gland
1094:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1057:chlorpromazine
1054:
1049:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:Dimenhydrinate
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
982:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
948:
932:
928:
925:
922:
921:
920:
915:
909:
899:
889:
881:
874:
869:
863:
862:
861:
860:
855:
853:chlorpromazine
850:
845:
840:
832:
824:
816:
811:
806:
801:
795:
794:
789:
787:Dimenhydrinate
784:
779:
774:
769:
762:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
713:
696:
687:
679:
675:
670:
665:
664:
663:
660:
657:spatial memory
649:
644:Strengthening
642:
635:
624:
617:
612:
606:
605:
602:
599:
596:
591:
586:
583:
580:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
525:
521:
517:
513:
503:
500:
491:
487:
483:
479:
467:
464:
459:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
428:
423:
416:
408:
401:
394:
387:
381:
377:
373:
372:Classification
370:
368:
365:
329:
326:
320:
317:
308:
305:
286:norepinephrine
265:
262:
252:
249:
224:
220:
181:
178:
154:
151:
98:released from
84:cell membranes
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7740:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7710:
7708:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7677:
7676:
7673:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7591:
7587:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7561:
7557:
7554:
7551:
7547:
7543:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7486:Tridihexethyl
7484:
7481:
7477:
7473:
7472:protriptyline
7469:
7468:nortriptyline
7465:
7461:
7460:nitroxazepine
7457:
7453:
7449:
7445:
7441:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7417:
7413:
7412:+perphenazine
7409:
7408:amitriptyline
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7357:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7337:
7333:
7326:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7068:Methoctramine
7066:
7064:
7063:Methantheline
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7038:Mamba toxin 7
7036:
7034:
7033:Mamba toxin 3
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7013:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6930:Fenpiverinium
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6687:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6618:
6614:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6524:
6520:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6348:cis-Dioxolane
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6263:Acetylcholine
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6224:
6218:
6214:
6211:
6204:
6199:
6197:
6192:
6190:
6185:
6184:
6181:
6161:
6158:
6157:
6155:
6151:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6067:
6063:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5913:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5863:
5859:
5854:
5850:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5724:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5601:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5398:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4890:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4738:
4735:
4733:Miscellaneous
4731:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4246:Anaphylatoxin
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3823:Prostaglandin
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3767:
3761:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3606:Acetylcholine
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3215:(2): 85–100.
3214:
3210:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3180:(2): 232–43.
3179:
3175:
3168:
3160:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3036:
3029:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3004:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2981:(2): 117–24.
2980:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2906:
2904:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2866:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2808:(2): 223–31.
2807:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2771:(1): 177–80.
2770:
2766:
2762:
2755:
2741:on 2009-01-30
2740:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2711:(1): 369–80.
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2648:
2646:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2307:
2305:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2197:(2): 279–90.
2196:
2192:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:(10): 740–7.
2147:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2080:
2071:
2065:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1964:(3): 219–33.
1963:
1959:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1846:
1844:
1824:
1819:Location of M
1816:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1781:
1773:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1733:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1696:receptor is G
1685:
1671:
1669:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1604:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1585:phospholipase
1582:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:dicycloverine
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:acetylcholine
1485:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:dicycloverine
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:acetylcholine
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:dicycloverine
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1186:acetylcholine
1184:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:methoctramine
1040:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:dicycloverine
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
983:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
953:acetylcholine
951:
950:
949:
946:
940:
935:
929:
926:
923:
919:
916:
914:
910:
908:
904:
900:
898:
894:
890:
888:
884:
883:
882:
880:
879:
875:
873:
872:
865:
864:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
833:
831:
828:
825:
823:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:dicycloverine
797:
796:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
763:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
718:acetylcholine
716:
715:
714:
711:
705:
699:
690:
682:
676:
671:
666:
661:
658:
654:
650:
647:
643:
640:
636:
634:
630:
627:
626:
625:
623:
622:
618:
616:
615:
608:
607:
603:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
577:
571:
568:
565:
535:
531:
530:cholera toxin
509:
499:
497:
496:bioinformatic
477:
473:
463:
457:
434:
426:
419:
412:
404:
397:
390:
364:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
325:
316:
314:
304:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
261:
259:
248:
245:
240:
235:
233:
228:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
177:
175:
171:
167:
164:found in the
163:
159:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
96:acetylcholine
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
62:
58:
51:
47:
40:
36:
35:Acetylcholine
32:
19:
7550:thioridazine
7546:mesoridazine
7480:trimipramine
7476:quinupramine
7428:clomipramine
7420:butriptyline
7238:Procyclidine
7203:Piperidolate
7118:Orphenadrine
7018:Isopropamide
7003:Imidafenacin
6962:+neostigmine
6958:+indacaterol
6940:Fesoterodine
6870:Dihexyverine
6820:Cloperastine
6690:fluperlapine
6661:triprolidine
6657:propiomazine
6653:promethazine
6641:phenindamine
6458:Talsaclidine
6418:Oxotremorine
6393:Methacholine
6383:LY-2,033,298
6209:
5922:
5889:
5862:Metabotropic
5726:
5611:
5564:
5522:
5488:
5459:
5430:
5275:
4900:
4749:
4700:Urotensin-II
4640:Somatostatin
4595:Prokineticin
4492:Melanocortin
4195:
4128:Neuropeptide
4067:Oxoglutarate
3909:
3871:Prostacyclin
3840:
3827:
3780:
3668:GHB receptor
3605:
3569:
3512:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3142:
3134:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3067:(3): 883–8.
3064:
3060:
3050:
3039:. Retrieved
3028:
3009:
3003:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2956:
2915:
2911:
2877:
2873:
2852:. Retrieved
2845:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2743:. Retrieved
2739:the original
2708:
2704:
2694:
2659:
2653:
2609:
2605:
2581:, retrieved
2568:
2534:Pharmacology
2533:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2312:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2194:
2190:
2180:
2145:
2141:
2087:
2064:cite journal
2053:. Retrieved
2032:
2028:
2018:
2008:, retrieved
1996:
1986:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1938:Vagal escape
1852:
1825:
1818:
1796:bronchospasm
1782:
1775:
1734:
1714:nitric oxide
1687:
1658:
1631:sinus rhythm
1620:
1575:
1564:
1497:oxotremorine
1445:
1389:
1361:oxotremorine
1334:conductance
1294:
1284:
1206:oxotremorine
1152:vasodilation
1075:
1065:
1047:tripitramine
1036:
973:oxotremorine
963:methacholine
941:conductance
876:
866:
728:oxotremorine
619:
609:
604:Antagonists
569:
566:
511:
498:techniques.
469:
375:
354:
331:
322:
313:postsynaptic
310:
294:
289:
269:
267:
257:
254:
236:
229:
216:
208:
191:
156:
116:
112:sweat glands
71:
67:
66:
7666:Pirisudanol
7631:Cyprodenate
7611:Adafenoxate
7576:Zamifenacin
7560:+vilanterol
7516:Tropicamide
7511:Tropatepine
7496:Trimebutine
7456:lofepramine
7432:desipramine
7399:Tolterodine
7368:mirtazapine
7360:maprotiline
7342:Telenzepine
7318:Solifenacin
7293:SCH-217,443
7268:Revefenacin
7253:Propiverine
7213:Piroheptine
7208:Pirenzepine
7173:Penthienate
7058:Mepenzolate
7053:Meladrazine
7028:Hyoscyamine
7012:+salbutamol
6998:Homatropine
6983:Hexocyclium
6840:Darifenacin
6800:CAR-302,668
6795:CAR-302,537
6790:CAR-302,368
6785:CAR-302,282
6780:CAR-302,196
6775:CAR-301,060
6770:CAR-226,086
6740:Benzydamine
6720:Benactyzine
6698:+fluoxetine
6645:pheniramine
6633:mequitazine
6617:dimetindene
6601:cinnarizine
6571:Anisodamine
6545:+formoterol
6523:Antagonists
6503:WAY-132,983
6473:Vedaclidine
6443:SDZ 210-086
6438:Sabcomeline
6428:Pilocarpine
6298:Bethanechol
5570:Latrophilin
4705:Vasopressin
4690:Thyrotropin
4267:Angiotensin
4220:Neurotensin
3897:Cannabinoid
3876:Thromboxane
2854:January 13,
2677:2158/327019
1878:ipratropium
1870:scopolamine
1654:ventricular
1536:ipratropium
1526:tolterodine
1436:mamba toxin
1428:mamba toxin
1420:mamba toxin
1415:ipratropium
1405:tolterodine
1370:scopolamine
1340:conductance
1266:darifenacin
1261:ipratropium
1251:tolterodine
1231:hyoscyamine
1221:scopolamine
1211:pilocarpine
1196:bethanechol
1027:ipratropium
1017:tolterodine
997:hyoscyamine
987:scopolamine
947:conductance
858:haloperidol
848:telenzepine
843:pirenzepine
835:mamba toxin
827:mamba toxin
819:mamba toxin
814:ipratropium
804:tolterodine
777:scopolamine
772:Hyoscyamine
712:conductance
472:geneticists
470:Meanwhile,
433:pirenzepine
361:ion channel
282:epinephrine
199:within the
147:antagonists
139:scopolamine
135:pilocarpine
86:of certain
7707:Categories
7626:Citicoline
7606:Acetyl-coA
7590:Precursors
7571:Xanomeline
7452:imipramine
7440:dibenzepin
7347:Terodiline
7336:paroxetine
7332:femoxetine
7288:SCH-72,788
7283:SCH-57,790
7273:Rociverine
7168:PD-0298029
7163:PD-102,807
7143:Oxybutynin
7048:Mebeverine
6993:HL-031,120
6978:Hexbutinol
6920:Etanautine
6875:Difemerine
6855:Dexetimide
6805:Caramiphen
6760:Bornaprine
6710:tenilapine
6706:quetiapine
6694:olanzapine
6625:doxylamine
6605:clemastine
6593:captodiame
6551:Abediterol
6508:Xanomeline
6498:VU-0238429
6493:VU-0152100
6488:VU-0152099
6483:VU-0090157
6478:VU-0029767
6463:Tazomeline
6423:PD-151,832
6413:Ocvimeline
6398:Milameline
6373:LY-593,039
6338:Cevimeline
6283:Alvameline
6258:Aceclidine
6253:AC-260,584
6243:77-LH-28-1
6213:modulators
6160:Smoothened
6153:Smoothened
6076:Smoothened
5735:Calcitonin
4670:Tachykinin
4567:, but not
4561:Nociceptin
4427:Kisspeptin
4345:Endothelin
4308:Bradykinin
4196:Neuromedin
3773:Eicosanoid
3402:Purinergic
3334:Adrenergic
3041:2007-10-27
2745:2008-02-25
2055:2020-04-10
2010:2024-06-07
1997:StatPearls
1944:References
1826:Like the M
1735:Like the M
1627:heart rate
1531:oxybutynin
1410:oxybutynin
1305:locomotion
1271:tiotropium
1256:oxybutynin
1138:otherwise.
1114:Increased
1096:increased
1022:oxybutynin
887:heart rate
809:oxybutynin
753:Nebracetam
748:77-LH-28-1
598:Effectors
532:(CTX) and
508:G-proteins
506:See also:
462:subtypes.
338:G proteins
270:muscarinic
258:muscarinic
217:muscarinic
90:and other
78:that form
41:receptors.
18:Muscarinic
7506:Tropacine
7424:cidoxepin
7394:Tofenacin
7364:mianserin
7356:amoxapine
7278:RU-47,213
7258:Quinidine
7218:Pizotifen
7178:Pethidine
7043:Mazaticol
7023:J-104,129
6988:Himbacine
6945:Flavoxate
6890:Drofenine
6765:Camylofin
6755:Biperiden
6730:Benzilone
6686:clozapine
6667:AQ-RA 741
6637:perlapine
6629:meclizine
6589:buclizine
6576:Anisodine
6561:AF-DX 384
6556:AF-DX 250
6403:Muscarine
6378:L-689,660
6368:Itameline
6353:Clozapine
6308:Carbachol
6293:Arecoline
6070:Class F:
5869:pheromone
5865:glutamate
5289:Olfactory
4325:Chemokine
4107:Succinate
3892:Bile acid
3700:Melatonin
3673:Histamine
3513:(all but
3505:Serotonin
3410:Adenosine
3312:Rhodopsin
2912:Biochimie
2583:7 January
2106:cite book
1492:carbachol
1356:carbachol
1351:arecoline
1201:carbachol
1191:arecoline
1136:mydriasis
1098:endocrine
1052:gallamine
978:muscarine
968:carbachol
958:arecoline
738:carbachol
733:muscarine
723:arecoline
662:Analgesia
601:Agonists
585:Function
348:that has
336:that use
301:nicotinic
290:nicotinic
119:muscarine
50:Muscarine
39:nicotinic
7678:See also
7620:lecithin
7596:prodrugs
7566:WIN-2299
7542:loxapine
7228:Pridinol
7088:Metixene
6845:DAU-5884
6825:CS-27349
6745:Bevonium
6714:zotepine
6702:rilapine
6672:Atropine
6333:CDD-0102
6328:CDD-0098
6323:CDD-0097
6318:CDD-0078
6313:CDD-0034
6288:AQRA-741
6273:AF150(S)
6235:Agonists
6094:Frizzled
6087:Frizzled
6072:Frizzled
5914:, type 2
5820:Secretin
5760:Glucagon
5465:Cadherin
5423:Adhesion
5410:Secretin
4743:, bitter
4590:Oxytocin
4287:Bombesin
3935:Estrogen
3636:Dopamine
3229:25413004
3194:18082893
3126:22001099
2932:11086210
2894:21906611
2847:DailyMed
2822:17583355
2686:11482763
2636:16751797
2578:30252390
2416:12432392
2373:20861438
2254:19110329
2172:21873996
2049:17073660
2005:32310369
1978:16879488
1888:See also
1862:atropine
1809:receptor
1766:receptor
1678:receptor
1656:muscle.
1611:receptor
1555:receptor
1506:atropine
1375:atropine
1226:atropine
1213:(in eye)
992:atropine
767:atropine
653:learning
413:, while
411:proteins
346:receptor
172:and the
153:Function
143:agonists
123:nicotine
121:than to
61:Atropine
7616:Choline
7528:(e.g.,
7448:doxepin
7406:(e.g.,
7354:(e.g.,
7330:(e.g.,
7223:Poldine
7183:pFHHSiD
7108:Nefopam
6910:EA-3834
6905:EA-3580
6900:EA-3443
6895:EA-3167
6750:BIBN 99
6684:(e.g.,
6583:(e.g.,
6408:NGX-267
6388:McNA343
6343:Choline
5883:, sweet
5858:Class C
5790:PACAPR1
5406:Class B
4615:Relaxin
4537:Motilin
4422:Ghrelin
4387:Galanin
4120:Peptide
3308:Class A
3106:Urology
3091:8645172
3082:1217289
2995:3436364
2874:Toxicon
2787:2041225
2735:1693682
2726:1190137
2655:Farmaco
2627:1751864
2424:4302881
2396:Bibcode
2364:3007668
2295:8449930
2246:1902986
2226:Bibcode
2218:Science
2203:9647869
2163:3177959
1876:), and
1854:Ligands
1599:) and G
1161:induce
1154:and/or
1110:stomach
907:AV node
901:reduce
891:reduce
743:McNA343
524:, and G
299:uses a
276:in the
88:neurons
82:in the
6885:Ditran
6536:4-DAMP
6513:YM-796
6278:AF267B
6222:mAChRs
6074:&
6003:GPRC6A
5740:CALCRL
5604:Orphan
4893:Orphan
4884:type 1
4575:Orexin
4563:&
4542:Opioid
4282:Apelin
3256:(MeSH)
3227:
3192:
3155:
3124:
3089:
3079:
3016:
2993:
2961:. 5.0.
2930:
2892:
2820:
2785:
2733:
2723:
2684:
2634:
2624:
2576:
2540:
2422:
2414:
2388:Nature
2371:
2361:
2319:
2293:
2252:
2244:
2201:
2170:
2160:
2094:
2047:
2003:
1976:
1643:atrial
1163:emesis
1132:miosis
897:atrium
342:ligand
292:type.
74:, are
72:mAChRs
7594:(and
7324:SSRIs
6248:AC-42
5923:Other
5890:TAS1R
5881:Taste
5779:GLP2R
5774:GLP1R
5727:Other
5592:ELTD1
5565:ADGRL
5523:ADGRG
5489:ADGRE
5460:ADGRC
5431:ADGRB
5412:-like
5294:Opsin
5276:Other
4750:TAS2R
4741:Taste
4569:Sigma
4551:Kappa
4546:Delta
4254:C5a (
4239:Other
3885:Other
3813:FPRL1
3781:CysLT
3599:Other
3550:5-HT2
3520:5-HT1
3515:5-HT3
3314:-like
2420:S2CID
2250:S2CID
1866:pupil
1830:and M
1688:The M
1621:The M
1456:CHRM5
1296:CHRM4
1077:CHRM3
885:slow
878:CHRM2
702:Slow
674:(yes)
669:(yes)
621:CHRM1
582:Gene
579:Type
548:and G
526:12/13
490:and M
443:and M
223:and M
166:brain
160:is a
92:cells
70:, or
7158:PBID
6860:DIBD
6433:RS86
6268:AF30
6028:RAIG
5936:GABA
5769:GIPR
5516:CD97
5364:SREB
5165:137B
5140:109B
5135:109A
4565:Zeta
4522:MCHR
4302:NMBR
4297:GRPR
4292:BRS3
3930:EBI2
3796:LTB4
3720:TAAR
3570:5-HT
3225:PMID
3190:PMID
3153:ISBN
3122:PMID
3087:PMID
3014:ISBN
2991:PMID
2928:PMID
2890:PMID
2856:2013
2818:PMID
2783:PMID
2731:PMID
2682:PMID
2632:PMID
2585:2020
2574:PMID
2538:ISBN
2412:PMID
2369:PMID
2317:ISBN
2291:PMID
2242:PMID
2199:PMID
2168:PMID
2112:link
2092:ISBN
2070:link
2045:PMID
2001:PMID
1974:PMID
1882:COPD
1704:and
1597:cAMP
1567:EPSP
1108:and
1100:and
704:EPSP
655:and
629:EPSP
474:and
420:and
295:The
284:and
237:The
213:IPSP
205:EPSP
137:and
7414:),
6700:),
6022:179
6017:158
6012:156
6008:GPR
5795:GPR
5716:157
5711:155
5706:144
5701:143
5696:133
5691:128
5686:126
5681:125
5676:124
5671:123
5666:116
5661:115
5656:114
5651:113
5646:112
5641:111
5636:110
5612:GPR
5494:EMR
5333:RRH
5328:RGR
5323:1SW
5318:1MW
5313:1LW
5265:183
5260:182
5255:177
5250:176
5245:174
5240:173
5235:171
5230:162
5225:161
5220:160
5215:153
5210:152
5205:151
5200:150
5195:149
5190:148
5185:146
5180:142
5175:141
5170:139
5160:135
5155:132
5150:120
5145:119
5130:103
5125:101
4901:GPR
4437:MAS
4382:FSH
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