174:
223:, then further generalized as either adrenergic fibers, releasing noradrenaline, or cholinergic fibers, both releasing acetylcholine and expressing acetylcholine receptors. Both preganglionic sympathetic fibers and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are cholinergic. Most postganglionic sympathetic fibers are adrenergic: their neurotransmitter is norepinephrine except postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the sweat glands, piloerectile muscles of the body hairs, and the skeletal muscle arterioles do not use adrenaline/noradrenaline.
46:
20:
35:
235:
of the adrenal medulla act as "modified neurons", releasing adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream as hormones instead of as neurotransmitters. The other postganglionic fibers of the peripheral autonomic system belong to the parasympathetic division; all are cholinergic fibers, and use
2940:
Dorna; Varshavi, Dorsa; Allen, Dana; Arndt, David; Khetarpal, Nitya; Sivakumaran, Aadhavya; Harford, Karxena; Sanford, Selena; Yee, Kristen; Cao, Xuan; Budinsky, Zachary; Liigand, Jaanus; Zhang, Lun; Zheng, Jiamin; Mandal, Rupasri; Karu, Naama; Dambrova, Maija; Schiöth, Helgi B.; Gautam, Vasuk.
2939:
Wishart, David S.; Guo, An Chi; Oler, Eponine; Wang, Fel; Anjum, Afia; Peters, Harrison; Dizon, Raynard; Sayeeda, Zinat; Tian, Siyang; Lee, Brian L.; Berjanskii, Mark; Mah, Robert; Yamamoto, Mai; Jovel
Castillo, Juan; Torres Calzada, Claudia; Hiebert Giesbrecht, Mickel; Lui, Vicki W.; Varshavi,
2961:
Melchiorre C, Angeli P, Lambrecht G, Mutschler E, Picchio MT, Wess J (December 1987). "Antimuscarinic action of methoctramine, a new cardioselective M-2 muscarinic receptor antagonist, alone and in combination with atropine and gallamine".
244:
Another role for these receptors is at the junction of the innervated tissues and the postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Here acetylcholine is again used as a neurotransmitter, and
312:
It is known that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors also appear on the pre-synaptic membrane of somatic neurons in the neuro-muscular junction, where they are involved in the regulation of acetylcholine release.
230:
is considered a sympathetic ganglion and, like other sympathetic ganglia, is supplied by cholinergic preganglionic sympathetic fibers: acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter utilized at this synapse. The
3093:
Moro C, Uchiyama J, Chess-Williams R (December 2011). "Urothelial/lamina propria spontaneous activity and the role of M3 muscarinic receptors in mediating rate responses to stretch and carbachol".
277:
into the bloodstream. Some believe that chromaffin cells are modified postganglionic CNS fibers. In the adrenal medulla, acetylcholine is used as a neurotransmitter, and the receptor is of the
6189:
2258:"Transfected m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors couple to G alpha i2 and G alpha i3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Activation and desensitization of the phospholipase C signaling pathway"
517:. Muscarinic receptors vary in the G protein to which they are bound, with some correlation according to receptor type. G proteins are also classified according to their susceptibility to
300:
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are also present and distributed throughout the local nervous system, in post-synaptic and pre-synaptic positions. There is also some evidence for
501:
G proteins contain an alpha-subunit that is critical to the functioning of receptors. These subunits can take a number of forms. There are four broad classes of form of G-protein: G
3046:"Muscarinic m1 receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells is mediated by Gs alpha and is not a consequence of phosphoinositidase C activation"
1659:
type receptor, which causes a decrease in cAMP in the cell, inhibition of voltage-gated Ca channels, and increasing efflux of K, in general, leading to inhibitory-type effects.
2013:
7680:
6182:
2074:
6016:
6961:
2899:
Karlsson E, Jolkkonen M, Mulugeta E, Onali P, Adem A (September 2000). "Snake toxins with high selectivity for subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors".
1681:
muscarinic receptors are located at many places in the body. They are located in the smooth muscles of the blood vessels, as well as in the lungs. Because the M
1592:(causing an increase in cAMP) have also been shown to be involved in interactions in certain tissues, and so would be susceptible to PTX and CTX, respectively.
7424:
6351:
341:; in this case, the ligand is ACh. This receptor is bound to intracellular proteins, known as G proteins, which begin the information cascade within the cell.
6175:
3270:
467:
have characterised five genes that appear to encode muscarinic receptors, named m1-m5 (lowercase m; no subscript number). They code for pharmacologic types M
428:
receptors than it is at other subtypes. The acceptance of the various subtypes proceeded in numerical order, therefore, earlier sources may recognize only M
7675:
6956:
7377:
1721:
receptors are also located in many glands, which help to stimulate secretion in, for example, the salivary glands, as well as other glands of the body.
6441:
7296:
6456:
5482:
365:
By the use of selective radioactively labeled agonist and antagonist substances, five subtypes of muscarinic receptors have been determined, named M
6436:
2100:
6942:
4420:
2075:
Purves, Dale, George J. Augustine, David
Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White (2008).
6371:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
1035:
7564:
7489:
7281:
6783:
6778:
6491:
6431:
559:
Because of the strong correlations to muscarinic receptor type, CTX and PTX are useful experimental tools in investigating these receptors.
7276:
7271:
6981:
6966:
6471:
6466:
6411:
6401:
6361:
6241:
1689:-coupled and mediates an increase in intracellular calcium, it typically causes contraction of smooth muscle, such as that observed during
7701:
7494:
7266:
7011:
6655:
6544:
6366:
6356:
5352:
204:) and slow depolarization (Slow EPSP) that represent the recovery of the postganglionic neuron from stimulation are actually mediated by
7251:
6833:
6690:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6276:
6261:
5742:
5737:
556:
The various G-protein subunits act differently upon secondary messengers, upregulating
Phospholipases, downregulating cAMP, and so on.
7171:
6738:
6396:
6376:
5773:
5118:
3263:
2643:
731:
553:) which is immune. Also, only when bound with an agonist, those G proteins normally sensitive to PTX also become susceptible to CTX.
6501:
6266:
5733:
4519:
4514:
2375:
Egorov AV, Hamam BN, Fransén E, Hasselmo ME, Alonso AA (November 2002). "Graded persistent activity in entorhinal cortex neurons".
7311:
5757:
5439:
5434:
5429:
4395:
2689:
7146:
6848:
6421:
6256:
5813:
4683:
4510:
5424:
4370:
3145:
3006:
2830:
2591:"Muscarinic receptors: their distribution and function in body systems, and the implications for treating overactive bladder"
2530:
2309:
2084:
219:
Peripheral autonomic fibers (sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers) are categorized anatomically as either preganglionic or
4598:
4410:
3880:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3256:
1803:
1760:
1672:
1605:
1549:
1435:
1274:
1055:
856:
599:
410:
403:
388:
381:
374:
2641:
Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Lelli C, Bartolini A (2001). "M1 receptor activation is a requirement for arecoline analgesia".
5411:
4060:
2789:
Lameh J, Burstein ES, Taylor E, Weiner DM, Vanover KE, Bonhaus DW (August 2007). "Pharmacology of N-desmethylclozapine".
1834:
that upregulate phospholipase C and, therefore, inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium as a signaling pathway.
1845:
targeting the mAChR that are currently approved for clinical use include non-selective antagonists for the treatment of
1580:
and intracellular calcium as a signaling pathway. A receptor so bound would not be susceptible to CTX or PTX. However, G
6950:
6946:
6209:
5316:
4285:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
4173:
3968:
3963:
3958:
1630:
receptors (e.g. by atropine) will cause a raise in heart rate. They also moderately reduce contractile forces of the
1555:
692:
617:
193:
352:
to open, permitting either one or more specific types of ions (e.g., K, Na, Ca) to diffuse into or out of the cell.
7716:
5767:
5762:
4702:
4697:
3778:
3773:
1902:
115:
27:
7548:
5946:
5853:
4707:
3953:
3708:
2861:
Servent D, Blanchet G, Mourier G, Marquer C, Marcon E, Fruchart-Gaillard C (November 2011). "Muscarinic toxins".
1626:. In humans, under resting conditions, vagal activity dominates over sympathetic activity. Hence, inhibition of M
7091:
7000:
6569:
5802:
5797:
5331:
4572:
4567:
4415:
4264:
4259:
1585:
92:
7086:
6533:
5336:
2058:
304:
receptors on sympathetic neurons allowing the parasympathetic nervous system to inhibit sympathetic effects.
257:
Very few parts of the sympathetic system use cholinergic receptors. In sweat glands the receptors are of the
192:. Nicotinic receptors on the postganglionic neuron are responsible for the initial fast depolarization (Fast
3161:
Langmead CJ, Watson J, Reavill C (February 2008). "Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors as CNS drug targets".
7670:
5793:
4133:
4128:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3344:
3339:
3334:
445:
5327:
3894:
3889:
3350:
3330:
3196:
Matera C, Tata AM (2014). "Pharmacological approaches to targeting muscarinic acetylcholine receptors".
1945:
Eglen RM (July 2006). "Muscarinic receptor subtypes in neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic function".
41:- an agonist used to distinguish between these two classes of receptors. Not normally found in the body.
7400:
7340:
4327:
4322:
4178:
4168:
4163:
4148:
4143:
4116:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3843:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3283:
338:
96:
68:
7101:
7071:
6519:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4124:
4010:
3838:
3820:
3801:
3794:
3313:
3248:
1104:
7711:
7644:
7392:
5919:
5788:
5748:
5394:
4318:
4280:
4139:
3928:
3852:
3806:
3296:
3242:
3238:
3137:
345:
119:
3233:
2589:
Abrams P, Andersson KE, Buccafusco JJ, Chapple C, de Groat WC, Fryer AD, et al. (July 2006).
7706:
6868:
6723:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4592:
4587:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4484:
4350:
4234:
4202:
4197:
4159:
4154:
4065:
3789:
2176:"International Union of Pharmacology. XVII. Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors"
1783:
receptors to decrease cAMP in the cell and, thus, produce generally inhibitory effects. Possible
334:
158:
2205:
Simon MI, Strathmann MP, Gautam N (May 1991). "Diversity of G proteins in signal transduction".
6938:
6670:
6167:
4305:
4300:
4217:
4212:
3811:
3412:
3407:
3127:
2690:"Muscarine reduces inwardly rectifying potassium conductance in rat nucleus accumbens neurones"
1892:
1846:
1744:
1713:
on vascular tone and bronchiolar tone. Indeed, direct stimulation of vascular smooth muscle, M
1577:
1452:
1299:
1110:
901:
634:
627:
285:
64:
3128:
Keith Parker; Laurence
Brunton; Goodman, Louis Sanford; Lazo, John S.; Gilman, Alfred (2006).
1284:
1065:
866:
609:
7629:
7578:
7514:
7291:
7236:
6686:
6665:
6511:
5850:
4688:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4628:
4583:
4480:
4343:
4338:
4290:
4193:
4188:
3975:
3859:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3417:
3402:
3279:
2052:
1887:
1858:
1842:
1638:
1614:
muscarinic receptors are located in the heart and lungs. In the heart, they act to slow the
1358:
1209:
1132:
975:
906:
895:
765:
322:
127:
88:
3129:
173:
7624:
7544:
7141:
5900:
5558:
4870:
4693:
4678:
4255:
4208:
3885:
3864:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
2384:
2214:
2175:
1921:
1694:
1144:
1137:
261:
type. The sympathetic nervous system also has some preganglionic nerves terminating at the
220:
4544:
4539:
4534:
2828:
1717:
mediates vasoconstriction in diseases wherein the vascular endothelium is disrupted. The M
348:
mechanism for signaling. In this case, binding of the ligands with the receptor causes an
8:
7639:
7301:
7186:
6996:
6798:
5723:
4658:
4549:
4333:
4296:
3761:
3390:
3322:
3130:
1911:
1710:
1690:
1115:
1076:
464:
135:
2388:
2218:
424:
is a muscarinic antagonist (decreases the effect of ACh), which is much more potent at M
7372:
7367:
7126:
7081:
6903:
6554:
6529:
6346:
6223:
6201:
5942:
5453:
5277:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4313:
3688:
3661:
3398:
3070:
3045:
2714:
2615:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2408:
2352:
2327:
2238:
2151:
2126:
2094:
1882:
1788:
1419:
1411:
826:
818:
810:
746:
189:
3209:
2912:
2727:
2656:
2274:
7649:
7509:
7404:
7221:
7116:
7066:
6923:
6803:
5808:
5752:
5398:
5128:
5123:
4578:
4275:
3624:
3213:
3178:
3174:
3141:
3110:
3075:
3002:
2979:
2975:
2916:
2878:
2806:
2802:
2771:
2719:
2670:
2620:
2562:
2526:
2400:
2357:
2305:
2279:
2257:
2230:
2187:
2156:
2080:
2033:
1989:
1962:
1958:
1916:
1529:
1373:
1293:
1264:
1020:
780:
621:
162:
2750:"Effects of nebracetam (WEB 1881 FU), a novel nootropic, as a M1-muscarinic agonist"
2579:
2242:
7362:
7181:
7136:
6637:
4603:
4525:
4375:
3205:
3170:
3102:
3065:
3057:
2971:
2908:
2870:
2798:
2761:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2660:
2652:
2610:
2602:
2412:
2392:
2347:
2339:
2269:
2222:
2146:
2138:
2025:
1954:
1828:
1777:
1733:
1707:
which diffuses to adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells and causes their relaxation
1653:
1566:
1465:
1312:
1164:
919:
683:
674:
666:
395:
232:
196:) of that neuron. As a consequence of this, nicotinic receptors are often cited as
185:
150:
83:. They play several roles, including acting as the main end-receptor stimulated by
3106:
3024:"Cholinergic Transduction, Psychopharmacology - The Fourth Generation of Progress"
2874:
45:
7522:
7479:
7176:
6913:
6838:
6818:
6609:
6573:
5996:
5783:
5592:
4881:
4563:
4530:
4270:
3567:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3023:
2328:"Cholinergic modulation of neuronal excitability in the accessory olfactory bulb"
1862:
1740:
1642:
1499:
1368:
1224:
1094:
1086:
995:
770:
577:
522:
266:
262:
227:
2304:(5th ed.). India: Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers. pp. 890 pages.
7518:
7121:
7061:
6823:
6601:
6597:
6585:
6291:
5869:
4729:
4557:
3784:
3577:
3572:
3562:
3538:
3508:
3503:
2556:
2029:
1981:
1634:
1623:
1559:
1504:
1383:
1229:
1090:
1045:
1000:
841:
775:
645:
274:
80:
7695:
7634:
7474:
7460:
7456:
7448:
7396:
7056:
7051:
6918:
6853:
6336:
6251:
5924:
5573:
5568:
5563:
4489:
4425:
3493:
2127:"Inactive-state preassembly of G(q)-coupled receptors and G(q) heterotrimers"
1641:(AV node). It also serves to slightly decrease the contractile forces of the
1573:
1509:
1475:
1388:
1334:
1234:
1174:
1030:
990:
941:
787:
706:
582:
518:
484:
329:
as their signaling mechanism. In such receptors, the signaling molecule (the
181:
146:
84:
72:
23:
2226:
475:. The receptors m1 and m2 were determined based upon partial sequencing of M
7538:
7534:
7468:
7464:
7416:
7408:
7226:
7191:
7106:
7006:
6991:
6928:
6858:
6808:
6713:
6678:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6629:
6446:
6406:
6381:
5846:
4244:
4238:
3848:
3833:
3656:
3423:
3217:
3182:
3114:
2920:
2882:
2810:
2674:
2624:
2606:
2566:
2404:
2361:
2160:
2037:
1993:
1966:
1926:
1784:
1706:
1702:
1631:
1619:
1485:
1349:
1194:
1140:
961:
951:
891:
885:
716:
301:
7026:
7021:
3079:
2983:
2941:
2775:
2723:
2343:
2283:
2234:
2191:
483:
receptor proteins. The others were found by searching for homology, using
7654:
7619:
7599:
7526:
7504:
7499:
7484:
7444:
7420:
7387:
7356:
7348:
7330:
7306:
7256:
7241:
7231:
7201:
7196:
7161:
7046:
7041:
7016:
6986:
6971:
6828:
6788:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6728:
6708:
6633:
6621:
6605:
6589:
6559:
6461:
6426:
6416:
6286:
2829:
2142:
1866:
1524:
1514:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1403:
1393:
1254:
1249:
1239:
1219:
1199:
1184:
1015:
1005:
985:
846:
836:
831:
823:
815:
807:
802:
792:
760:
421:
349:
270:
123:
100:
2396:
420:
proteins. There are other classification systems. For example, the drug
7614:
7594:
7559:
7452:
7440:
7428:
7335:
7324:
7320:
7261:
7156:
7151:
7131:
7036:
6908:
6863:
6843:
6793:
6748:
6698:
6694:
6682:
6613:
6593:
6581:
6539:
6496:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6451:
6386:
6326:
6271:
6246:
6231:
6148:
6064:
5291:
2766:
2749:
2665:
1615:
1519:
1398:
1259:
1244:
1010:
875:
797:
741:
736:
496:
460:
3278:
3061:
3001:(2nd ed.). Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker Inc. pp. 311 pages.
16:
Acetylcholine receptors named for their selective binding of muscarine
7432:
7412:
7382:
7352:
7344:
7246:
7206:
7166:
7111:
7031:
6976:
6933:
6878:
6753:
6743:
6718:
6674:
6625:
6617:
6577:
6564:
6391:
6341:
6296:
6281:
5857:
5778:
3300:
1480:
1344:
1339:
1320:
1189:
1179:
1124:
1040:
966:
956:
946:
927:
726:
721:
711:
698:
344:
By contrast, nicotinic receptors form pentameric complexes and use a
326:
307:
289:
107:
106:
Muscarinic receptors are so named because they are more sensitive to
38:
7608:
7554:
7530:
7286:
7216:
7076:
6813:
6733:
6702:
6660:
6549:
6082:
6060:
2835:
1850:
1494:
1363:
1214:
980:
881:
755:
641:
111:
49:
2960:
7604:
7584:
7436:
7211:
7096:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6331:
5153:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
2946:
1326:
1098:
933:
249:
receptors form the principal receptors on the innervated tissue.
131:
130:) manipulate these two distinct receptors by acting as selective
76:
6197:
3132:
Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics
2640:
2588:
19:
7312:
6873:
6524:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5991:
5936:
5931:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5845:
5728:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5366:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5272:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5113:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4404:
4095:
3918:
3912:
3482:
3477:
3467:
3462:
1151:
1120:
330:
118:(nAChRs), receptor ion channels that are also important in the
2898:
6236:
6131:
5822:
5817:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5580:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5361:
5356:
5346:
5341:
5282:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4434:
4399:
4249:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4055:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3947:
3907:
3902:
3825:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3472:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
2860:
2525:(5th ed.). Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. p. 139.
1854:
1444:
545:
is susceptible to PTX, with the exception of one subtype of G
154:
2831:"ED-SPAZ- hyoscyamine sulfate tablet, orally disintegrating"
2255:
1701:
on vascular endothelial cells causes increased synthesis of
34:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
5504:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5296:
5286:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4553:
4429:
3923:
1870:
201:
6210:
6058:
3092:
2374:
1558:
at the ganglion in the postganglionic nerve, is common in
198:
the receptor on the postganglionic neurons at the ganglion
5321:
2788:
1697:. However, with respect to vasculature, activation of M
292:
receptor to acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction.
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2521:
Rang HP, Dale MM, Ritter JM, Moore PK (2003). "Ch. 10".
630:
activates slow after-depolarizing potentials in neurons
321:
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors belong to a class of
165:. Muscarinic receptors are used in the following roles:
1565:
It is predominantly found bound to G proteins of class
7102:
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
2934:
2932:
2930:
1082:
Increase intracellular calcium in vascular endothelium
177:
The structure of
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2.
3160:
2539:
2204:
2747:
2256:
Dell'Acqua ML, Carroll RC, Peralta EG (March 1993).
2927:
2520:
3021:
1747:and intracellular calcium as a signaling pathway.
308:Presynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction
3136:(11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp.
3121:
2990:
2173:
7693:
7292:Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
3086:
2942:"Showing metabocard for Arecoline (HMDB0030353)"
2555:Carlson, AB; Kraus, GP (2019), "article-19473",
2124:
295:
7317:Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
3043:
2996:
2748:Kitamura Y, Kaneda T, Nomura Y (January 1991).
2636:
2634:
2561:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2295:
2293:
2125:Qin K, Dong C, Wu G, Lambert NA (August 2011).
1988:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1827:receptors are coupled with G proteins of class
1709:, thereby explaining the paradoxical effect of
316:
122:. Many drugs and other substances (for example
3015:
2938:
1837:
373:(using an upper case M and subscript number).
7681:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
6183:
3264:
3026:. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
2687:
1147:vasodilation depending on the location of M3.
200:. However, the subsequent hyperpolarization (
3154:
2782:
2631:
2554:
2325:
2290:
2099:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2011:
7676:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
3295:
3037:
2954:
2894:
2892:
2681:
2299:
2005:
1938:
490:
7252:3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
6215:Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
6190:
6176:
5393:
3271:
3257:
3195:
2856:
2854:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2249:
2198:
2167:
2040:. Archived from the original on 2009-02-05
1979:
436:subtypes, while later studies recognize M
3241:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
3069:
2765:
2713:
2664:
2614:
2351:
2273:
2150:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
239:
2889:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2070:
2068:
1637:, and reduce conduction velocity of the
172:
44:
33:
26:- the natural agonist of muscarinic and
18:
2851:
2817:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2174:Caulfield MP, Birdsall NJ (June 1998).
236:acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter.
7694:
4421:Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin
2326:Smith RS, Araneda RC (December 2010).
2107:
2079:. Sinauer Associates. pp. 122–6.
1980:Kudlak, Megan; Tadi, Prasanna (2024),
1554:This receptor is found mediating slow
454:
6171:
6057:
5844:
5425:Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor
5392:
3294:
3252:
2065:
1947:Autonomic & Autacoid Pharmacology
1944:
168:
3234:Acetylcholine Receptors (Muscarinic)
3198:Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery
3044:Burford NT, Nahorski SR (May 1996).
2419:
2014:"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors"
1804:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
1761:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
1673:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
1606:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
1550:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
355:
252:
69:G protein-coupled receptor complexes
2839:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
2688:Uchimura N, North RA (March 1990).
2262:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
640:Higher cognitive processes such as
13:
7702:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
2316:if nothing else mentioned in table
2302:Essentials of Medical Pharmacology
1732:receptors are G proteins of class
1584:(causing a downstream decrease in
1292:Activation of M4 causes decreased
57:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
14:
7728:
6914:Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
6586:chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)
6570:Antihistamines (first-generation)
6347:Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine)
6199:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
3227:
3210:10.2174/1574889809666141120131238
2558:Physiology, Cholinergic Receptors
1982:"Physiology, Muscarinic Receptor"
360:
116:nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
5774:Growth-hormone-releasing hormone
3175:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.09.009
2964:European Journal of Pharmacology
2947:Human Metabolome Database, HMDB
2803:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.05.004
2754:Japanese Journal of Pharmacology
1959:10.1111/j.1474-8673.2006.00368.x
1903:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
1769:receptors are found in the CNS.
541:) are susceptible to CTX. Only G
216:respectively (discussed below).
7635:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
7453:northiaden (desmethyldosulepin)
5734:Corticotropin-releasing hormone
3189:
3163:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2791:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2741:
2595:British Journal of Pharmacology
2368:
2319:
1652:muscarinic receptors act via a
1618:down below the normal baseline
91:. They are mainly found in the
7092:N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
4396:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
2706:10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017989
1973:
1793:
1750:
1662:
1595:
1539:
95:, but also have a role in the
93:parasympathetic nervous system
1:
7671:Receptor/signaling modulators
7087:N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
5814:Vasoactive intestinal peptide
4684:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
3107:10.1016/j.urology.2011.08.039
2913:10.1016/S0300-9084(00)01176-7
2875:10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.08.004
2657:10.1016/s0014-827x(01)01091-6
2275:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)53372-X
2018:Current Pharmaceutical Design
1932:
1812:receptors is not well known.
1079:and increased lung secretion.
296:Higher central nervous system
7527:cyamemazine (cyamepromazine)
2976:10.1016/0014-2999(87)90509-7
1787:may result if stimulated by
1572:, which use upregulation of
416:receptors are coupled with G
317:Form of muscarinic receptors
7:
7341:Tetracyclic antidepressants
7232:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
6854:Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
4599:Prolactin-releasing peptide
3284:G protein-coupled receptors
3022:Richelson, Elliott (2000).
2012:Ishii M, Kurachi Y (2006).
1876:
1838:Pharmacological application
394:receptors are coupled with
339:seven transmembrane regions
141:
10:
7733:
7490:Tripitamine (tripitramine)
6714:Benzatropine (benztropine)
2332:Journal of Neurophysiology
2030:10.2174/138161206778522056
1869:(used in the treatment of
1801:
1758:
1670:
1622:, by slowing the speed of
1603:
1547:
494:
97:sympathetic nervous system
7663:
7577:
7393:Tricyclic antidepressants
6943:+beclometasone/formoterol
6520:3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
6510:
6222:
6208:
6141:
6075:
6071:
6053:
5910:
5868:
5864:
5840:
5714:
5591:
5410:
5406:
5388:
5263:
4880:
4728:
4721:
4227:
4115:
4108:
3873:
3760:
3751:
3587:
3492:
3389:
3321:
3312:
3308:
3290:
2694:The Journal of Physiology
2057:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1123:when M3 is stimulated or
1105:gastrointestinal motility
1073:smooth muscle contraction
114:. Their counterparts are
7645:Phosphatidylethanolamine
5920:Calcium-sensing receptor
5789:Methuselah-like proteins
3243:Medical Subject Headings
2997:Johnson, Gordon (2002).
525:(PTX, whooping cough). G
491:Difference in G proteins
346:ligand-gated ion channel
120:autonomic nervous system
7717:Acetylcholine receptors
6869:Diphemanil metilsulfate
6724:Benzilylcholine mustard
6671:Atypical antipsychotics
4066:Sphingosine-1-phosphate
3954:Hydroxycarboxylic acids
3050:The Biochemical Journal
2227:10.1126/science.1902986
2180:Pharmacological Reviews
2131:Nature Chemical Biology
333:) binds to a monomeric
159:neuromuscular junctions
65:acetylcholine receptors
7515:Typical antipsychotics
7287:Scopolamine (hyoscine)
6962:Hexahydrosiladifenidol
6939:Glycopyrronium bromide
5947:Metabotropic glutamate
2607:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706780
1895:(Cholinergic receptor)
1893:Acetylcholine receptor
1823:muscarinic receptor, M
1745:inositol trisphosphate
1728:muscarinic receptor, M
1578:inositol trisphosphate
635:long-term potentiation
529:and some subtypes of G
323:metabotropic receptors
286:somatic nervous system
240:Postganglionic neurons
184:is always used as the
178:
53:
42:
31:
7630:Glycerophosphocholine
7433:dosulepin (dothiepin)
7237:Propantheline bromide
7112:Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
6666:Atropine methonitrate
3976:Lysophosphatidic acid
3280:Cell surface receptor
3239:Receptors,+Muscarinic
2344:10.1152/jn.00446.2010
1888:Muscarinic antagonist
1639:atrioventricular node
1133:Iris sphincter muscle
907:homotropic inhibition
221:postganglionic fibers
176:
89:postganglionic fibers
48:
37:
22:
7625:Dimethylethanolamine
7545:Umeclidinium bromide
7425:desmethyldesipramine
7142:Oxyphenonium bromide
6352:Ethoxysebacylcholine
5901:Vomeronasal receptor
4871:Vomeronasal receptor
2601:(5). Wiley: 565–78.
2300:Tripathi KD (2004).
2143:10.1038/nchembio.642
2077:Neuroscience. 4th ed
1922:Nicotinic antagonist
1711:parasympathomimetics
563:Comparison of types
465:molecular biologists
7640:Phosphatidylcholine
7302:Sofpironium bromide
7187:Pipenzolate bromide
6997:Ipratropium bromide
6799:Cimetropium bromide
5794:Parathyroid hormone
3754:signaling molecules
2397:10.1038/nature01171
2389:2002Natur.420..173E
2219:1991Sci...252..802S
1912:Adrenergic receptor
1847:Parkinson's disease
1789:muscarinic agonists
1776:receptors work via
1691:bronchoconstriction
1077:bronchoconstriction
892:conduction velocity
564:
455:Genetic differences
447:and most recently M
147:Acetylcholine (ACh)
7373:Tiotropium bromide
7368:Timepidium bromide
7127:Oxitropium bromide
7082:Muscarinic toxin 7
6957:Hexahydrodifenidol
6904:Emepronium bromide
6555:Ambutonium bromide
6530:Aclidinium bromide
5943:Glutamate receptor
5328:Protease-activated
2767:10.1254/jjp.55.177
1883:Muscarinic agonist
1576:C and, therefore,
882:contractile forces
747:Desmethylclozapine
562:
208:receptors, types M
190:autonomic ganglion
179:
169:Recovery receptors
99:in the control of
54:
43:
32:
7689:
7688:
7650:Phosphorylcholine
7588:
7573:
7572:
7510:Trospium chloride
7405:amitriptylinoxide
7378:Tiquizium bromide
7222:Prifinium bromide
7117:Otilonium bromide
7072:Methylscopolamine
7067:Methylhomatropine
6924:Fentonium bromide
6804:Clidinium bromide
6165:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6049:
6048:
6045:
6044:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5831:
5384:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5376:
5375:
4717:
4716:
4104:
4103:
3747:
3746:
3147:978-0-07-142280-2
3101:(6): 1442.e9–15.
3062:10.1042/bj3150883
3008:978-1-55009-109-0
2907:(9–10): 793–806.
2532:978-0-443-07145-4
2311:978-81-8061-187-2
2086:978-0-87893-697-7
1917:Nicotinic agonist
1861:(used to prevent
1537:
1536:
1530:trospium chloride
1374:trospium chloride
1265:trospium chloride
1145:systemic vascular
1138:cerebral vascular
1116:Eye accommodation
1093:secretions, e.g.
1021:trospium chloride
781:trospium chloride
622:autonomic ganglia
356:Receptor isoforms
253:Innervated tissue
163:autonomic ganglia
7724:
7582:
7363:Tiemonium iodide
7318:
7314:
7182:Phenyltoloxamine
7137:Oxyphencyclimine
6638:phenyltoloxamine
6442:Suberyldicholine
6220:
6219:
6216:
6212:
6192:
6185:
6178:
6169:
6168:
6073:
6072:
6055:
6054:
5866:
5865:
5842:
5841:
5408:
5407:
5390:
5389:
4726:
4725:
4113:
4112:
4011:Lysophospholipid
3758:
3757:
3319:
3318:
3314:Neurotransmitter
3310:
3309:
3292:
3291:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3222:
3221:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3135:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3019:
3013:
3012:
2999:PDQ Pharmacology
2994:
2988:
2987:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2936:
2925:
2924:
2896:
2887:
2886:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2826:
2815:
2814:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2769:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2726:. Archived from
2717:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2668:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2618:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2552:
2537:
2536:
2518:
2417:
2416:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2355:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2122:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2090:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1942:
1743:and, therefore,
1739:that upregulate
1562:and in the CNS.
565:
561:
269:, which secrete
263:chromaffin cells
233:chromaffin cells
186:neurotransmitter
151:neurotransmitter
52:- an antagonist.
7732:
7731:
7727:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7722:
7721:
7712:Neurophysiology
7692:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7659:
7581:
7569:
7523:chlorprothixene
7480:Trihexyphenidyl
7316:
7297:Silahexacyclium
7177:Phenglutarimide
6839:Desfesoterodine
6819:Cyclobenzaprine
6610:diphenhydramine
6574:brompheniramine
6506:
6457:Thiopilocarpine
6214:
6204:
6196:
6166:
6153:
6137:
6067:
6041:
5928:
5906:
5860:
5828:
5710:
5587:
5402:
5372:
5259:
4876:
4713:
4319:Cholecystokinin
4223:
4100:
3929:Free fatty acid
3869:
3753:
3752:Metabolites and
3743:
3583:
3488:
3385:
3304:
3286:
3277:
3230:
3225:
3194:
3190:
3159:
3155:
3148:
3126:
3122:
3091:
3087:
3042:
3038:
3029:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3009:
2995:
2991:
2959:
2955:
2937:
2928:
2897:
2890:
2869:(6–7): 455–63.
2859:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2827:
2818:
2787:
2783:
2746:
2742:
2733:
2731:
2686:
2682:
2639:
2632:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2569:
2553:
2540:
2533:
2519:
2420:
2383:(6912): 173–8.
2373:
2369:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2298:
2291:
2254:
2250:
2213:(5007): 802–8.
2203:
2199:
2172:
2168:
2123:
2108:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2073:
2066:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2024:(28): 3573–81.
2010:
2006:
1998:
1996:
1978:
1974:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1879:
1863:motion sickness
1853:(to dilate the
1840:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1741:phospholipase C
1737:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1716:
1700:
1695:bladder voiding
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1629:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1570:
1560:exocrine glands
1552:
1546:
1543:
1500:Diphenhydramine
1469:
1439:
1379:
1369:Diphenhydramine
1324:
1318:
1316:
1278:
1225:Diphenhydramine
1168:
1095:salivary glands
1059:
1026:
996:Diphenhydramine
931:
925:
923:
860:
771:Diphenhydramine
696:
690:
687:
681:
678:
672:
670:
662:
657:
603:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
523:pertussis toxin
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
493:
482:
478:
474:
470:
457:
450:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
419:
414:
407:
399:
392:
385:
378:
372:
368:
363:
358:
319:
310:
298:
267:adrenal medulla
255:
242:
228:adrenal medulla
215:
211:
171:
144:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7730:
7720:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7707:Neurochemistry
7704:
7687:
7686:
7684:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7664:
7661:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7602:
7597:
7591:
7589:
7575:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7568:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7542:
7519:chlorpromazine
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7122:Oxapium iodide
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7062:Methylatropine
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6824:Cyclopentolate
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6602:dimenhydrinate
6598:cyproheptadine
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6527:
6522:
6516:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6437:Sebacylcholine
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6292:Butyrylcholine
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6228:
6226:
6217:
6206:
6205:
6195:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6172:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6152:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6079:
6077:
6069:
6068:
6051:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6014:
6008:
6003:
5994:
5989:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5940:
5934:
5926:
5922:
5916:
5914:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5875:
5873:
5862:
5861:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5820:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5746:
5740:
5731:
5726:
5720:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5597:
5595:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5583:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5416:
5414:
5404:
5403:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5364:
5359:
5350:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5325:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5280:
5275:
5273:Adrenomedullin
5269:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4886:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4735:
4733:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4700:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4665:
4656:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4626:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4561:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4528:
4523:
4517:
4508:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4478:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4393:
4387:
4382:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4357:
4351:Formyl peptide
4348:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4331:
4325:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4303:
4294:
4288:
4283:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4253:
4247:
4241:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4215:
4206:
4200:
4191:
4182:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4137:
4131:
4121:
4119:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4008:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3951:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3905:
3892:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3823:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3782:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3706:
3700:
3695:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3659:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3622:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3556:
3550:
3545:
3536:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3498:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3421:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3357:
3348:
3342:
3337:
3327:
3325:
3316:
3306:
3305:
3288:
3287:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3236:
3229:
3228:External links
3226:
3224:
3223:
3188:
3153:
3146:
3120:
3085:
3036:
3014:
3007:
2989:
2953:
2926:
2888:
2850:
2816:
2781:
2740:
2680:
2651:(5–7): 383–5.
2630:
2578:
2538:
2531:
2418:
2367:
2338:(6): 2963–74.
2318:
2310:
2289:
2268:(8): 5676–85.
2248:
2197:
2166:
2106:
2085:
2064:
2004:
1972:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1839:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1802:Main article:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1779:
1773:
1766:
1759:Main article:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1698:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:Main article:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1635:cardiac muscle
1627:
1624:depolarization
1611:
1604:Main article:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1568:
1548:Main article:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Dimenhydrinate
1502:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1384:Dimenhydrinate
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1330:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:Dimenhydrinate
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1091:exocrine gland
1083:
1080:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1046:chlorpromazine
1043:
1038:
1033:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1001:Dimenhydrinate
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
937:
921:
917:
914:
911:
910:
909:
904:
898:
888:
878:
870:
863:
858:
852:
851:
850:
849:
844:
842:chlorpromazine
839:
834:
829:
821:
813:
805:
800:
795:
790:
784:
783:
778:
776:Dimenhydrinate
773:
768:
763:
758:
751:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
702:
685:
676:
668:
664:
659:
654:
653:
652:
649:
646:spatial memory
638:
633:Strengthening
631:
624:
613:
606:
601:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
580:
575:
572:
569:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
514:
510:
506:
502:
492:
489:
480:
476:
472:
468:
456:
453:
448:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
412:
405:
397:
390:
383:
376:
370:
366:
362:
361:Classification
359:
357:
354:
318:
315:
309:
306:
297:
294:
275:norepinephrine
254:
251:
241:
238:
213:
209:
170:
167:
143:
140:
87:released from
73:cell membranes
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7729:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7586:
7580:
7576:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7550:
7546:
7543:
7540:
7536:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7475:Tridihexethyl
7473:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7461:protriptyline
7458:
7457:nortriptyline
7454:
7450:
7449:nitroxazepine
7446:
7442:
7438:
7434:
7430:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7406:
7402:
7401:+perphenazine
7398:
7397:amitriptyline
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7346:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7326:
7322:
7315:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7057:Methoctramine
7055:
7053:
7052:Methantheline
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7027:Mamba toxin 7
7025:
7023:
7022:Mamba toxin 3
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6919:Fenpiverinium
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6635:
6631:
6627:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6337:cis-Dioxolane
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6252:Acetylcholine
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6225:
6221:
6218:
6213:
6207:
6203:
6200:
6193:
6188:
6186:
6181:
6179:
6174:
6173:
6170:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6062:
6056:
6052:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5929:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5909:
5902:
5899:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5839:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5582:
5579:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5485:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5447:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5391:
5387:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4727:
4724:
4722:Miscellaneous
4720:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4235:Anaphylatoxin
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3812:Prostaglandin
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3750:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3595:Acetylcholine
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3204:(2): 85–100.
3203:
3199:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3169:(2): 232–43.
3168:
3164:
3157:
3149:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3124:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2970:(2): 117–24.
2969:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2895:
2893:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2855:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2797:(2): 223–31.
2796:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2760:(1): 177–80.
2759:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2730:on 2009-01-30
2729:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:(1): 369–80.
2699:
2695:
2691:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2294:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2186:(2): 279–90.
2185:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2137:(10): 740–7.
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2102:
2096:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2069:
2060:
2054:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1953:(3): 219–33.
1952:
1948:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1833:
1813:
1808:Location of M
1805:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1770:
1762:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1722:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1692:
1685:receptor is G
1674:
1660:
1658:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1574:phospholipase
1571:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:dicycloverine
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:acetylcholine
1474:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1389:dicycloverine
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1335:acetylcholine
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:dicycloverine
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:acetylcholine
1173:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:methoctramine
1029:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
991:dicycloverine
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
972:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:acetylcholine
940:
939:
938:
935:
929:
924:
918:
915:
912:
908:
905:
903:
899:
897:
893:
889:
887:
883:
879:
877:
873:
872:
871:
869:
868:
864:
862:
861:
854:
853:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
822:
820:
817:
814:
812:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
788:dicycloverine
786:
785:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
752:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
707:acetylcholine
705:
704:
703:
700:
694:
688:
679:
671:
665:
660:
655:
650:
647:
643:
639:
636:
632:
629:
625:
623:
619:
616:
615:
614:
612:
611:
607:
605:
604:
597:
596:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
566:
560:
557:
554:
524:
520:
519:cholera toxin
498:
488:
486:
485:bioinformatic
466:
462:
452:
446:
423:
415:
408:
401:
393:
386:
379:
353:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
314:
305:
303:
293:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
250:
248:
237:
234:
229:
224:
222:
217:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
175:
166:
164:
160:
156:
153:found in the
152:
148:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
85:acetylcholine
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
51:
47:
40:
36:
29:
25:
24:Acetylcholine
21:
7539:thioridazine
7535:mesoridazine
7469:trimipramine
7465:quinupramine
7417:clomipramine
7409:butriptyline
7227:Procyclidine
7192:Piperidolate
7107:Orphenadrine
7007:Isopropamide
6992:Imidafenacin
6951:+neostigmine
6947:+indacaterol
6929:Fesoterodine
6859:Dihexyverine
6809:Cloperastine
6679:fluperlapine
6650:triprolidine
6646:propiomazine
6642:promethazine
6630:phenindamine
6447:Talsaclidine
6407:Oxotremorine
6382:Methacholine
6372:LY-2,033,298
6198:
5911:
5878:
5851:Metabotropic
5715:
5600:
5553:
5511:
5477:
5448:
5419:
5264:
4889:
4738:
4689:Urotensin-II
4629:Somatostatin
4584:Prokineticin
4481:Melanocortin
4184:
4117:Neuropeptide
4056:Oxoglutarate
3898:
3860:Prostacyclin
3829:
3816:
3769:
3657:GHB receptor
3594:
3558:
3501:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3131:
3123:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3056:(3): 883–8.
3053:
3049:
3039:
3028:. Retrieved
3017:
2998:
2992:
2967:
2963:
2956:
2945:
2904:
2900:
2866:
2862:
2841:. Retrieved
2834:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2732:. Retrieved
2728:the original
2697:
2693:
2683:
2648:
2642:
2598:
2594:
2570:, retrieved
2557:
2523:Pharmacology
2522:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2301:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2210:
2206:
2200:
2183:
2179:
2169:
2134:
2130:
2076:
2053:cite journal
2042:. Retrieved
2021:
2017:
2007:
1997:, retrieved
1985:
1975:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1927:Vagal escape
1841:
1814:
1807:
1785:bronchospasm
1771:
1764:
1723:
1703:nitric oxide
1676:
1647:
1620:sinus rhythm
1609:
1564:
1553:
1486:oxotremorine
1434:
1378:
1350:oxotremorine
1323:conductance
1283:
1273:
1195:oxotremorine
1141:vasodilation
1064:
1054:
1036:tripitramine
1025:
962:oxotremorine
952:methacholine
930:conductance
865:
855:
717:oxotremorine
608:
598:
593:Antagonists
558:
555:
500:
487:techniques.
458:
364:
343:
320:
311:
302:postsynaptic
299:
283:
278:
258:
256:
246:
243:
225:
218:
205:
197:
180:
145:
105:
101:sweat glands
60:
56:
55:
7655:Pirisudanol
7620:Cyprodenate
7600:Adafenoxate
7565:Zamifenacin
7549:+vilanterol
7505:Tropicamide
7500:Tropatepine
7485:Trimebutine
7445:lofepramine
7421:desipramine
7388:Tolterodine
7357:mirtazapine
7349:maprotiline
7331:Telenzepine
7307:Solifenacin
7282:SCH-217,443
7257:Revefenacin
7242:Propiverine
7202:Piroheptine
7197:Pirenzepine
7162:Penthienate
7047:Mepenzolate
7042:Meladrazine
7017:Hyoscyamine
7001:+salbutamol
6987:Homatropine
6972:Hexocyclium
6829:Darifenacin
6789:CAR-302,668
6784:CAR-302,537
6779:CAR-302,368
6774:CAR-302,282
6769:CAR-302,196
6764:CAR-301,060
6759:CAR-226,086
6729:Benzydamine
6709:Benactyzine
6687:+fluoxetine
6634:pheniramine
6622:mequitazine
6606:dimetindene
6590:cinnarizine
6560:Anisodamine
6534:+formoterol
6512:Antagonists
6492:WAY-132,983
6462:Vedaclidine
6432:SDZ 210-086
6427:Sabcomeline
6417:Pilocarpine
6287:Bethanechol
5559:Latrophilin
4694:Vasopressin
4679:Thyrotropin
4256:Angiotensin
4209:Neurotensin
3886:Cannabinoid
3865:Thromboxane
2843:January 13,
2666:2158/327019
1867:ipratropium
1859:scopolamine
1643:ventricular
1525:ipratropium
1515:tolterodine
1425:mamba toxin
1417:mamba toxin
1409:mamba toxin
1404:ipratropium
1394:tolterodine
1359:scopolamine
1329:conductance
1255:darifenacin
1250:ipratropium
1240:tolterodine
1220:hyoscyamine
1210:scopolamine
1200:pilocarpine
1185:bethanechol
1016:ipratropium
1006:tolterodine
986:hyoscyamine
976:scopolamine
936:conductance
847:haloperidol
837:telenzepine
832:pirenzepine
824:mamba toxin
816:mamba toxin
808:mamba toxin
803:ipratropium
793:tolterodine
766:scopolamine
761:Hyoscyamine
701:conductance
461:geneticists
459:Meanwhile,
422:pirenzepine
350:ion channel
271:epinephrine
188:within the
136:antagonists
128:scopolamine
124:pilocarpine
75:of certain
7696:Categories
7615:Citicoline
7595:Acetyl-coA
7579:Precursors
7560:Xanomeline
7441:imipramine
7429:dibenzepin
7336:Terodiline
7325:paroxetine
7321:femoxetine
7277:SCH-72,788
7272:SCH-57,790
7262:Rociverine
7157:PD-0298029
7152:PD-102,807
7132:Oxybutynin
7037:Mebeverine
6982:HL-031,120
6967:Hexbutinol
6909:Etanautine
6864:Difemerine
6844:Dexetimide
6794:Caramiphen
6749:Bornaprine
6699:tenilapine
6695:quetiapine
6683:olanzapine
6614:doxylamine
6594:clemastine
6582:captodiame
6540:Abediterol
6497:Xanomeline
6487:VU-0238429
6482:VU-0152100
6477:VU-0152099
6472:VU-0090157
6467:VU-0029767
6452:Tazomeline
6412:PD-151,832
6402:Ocvimeline
6387:Milameline
6362:LY-593,039
6327:Cevimeline
6272:Alvameline
6247:Aceclidine
6242:AC-260,584
6232:77-LH-28-1
6202:modulators
6149:Smoothened
6142:Smoothened
6065:Smoothened
5724:Calcitonin
4659:Tachykinin
4556:, but not
4550:Nociceptin
4416:Kisspeptin
4334:Endothelin
4297:Bradykinin
4185:Neuromedin
3762:Eicosanoid
3391:Purinergic
3323:Adrenergic
3030:2007-10-27
2734:2008-02-25
2044:2020-04-10
1999:2024-06-07
1986:StatPearls
1933:References
1815:Like the M
1724:Like the M
1616:heart rate
1520:oxybutynin
1399:oxybutynin
1294:locomotion
1260:tiotropium
1245:oxybutynin
1127:otherwise.
1103:Increased
1085:increased
1011:oxybutynin
876:heart rate
798:oxybutynin
742:Nebracetam
737:77-LH-28-1
587:Effectors
521:(CTX) and
497:G-proteins
495:See also:
451:subtypes.
327:G proteins
259:muscarinic
247:muscarinic
206:muscarinic
79:and other
67:that form
30:receptors.
7495:Tropacine
7413:cidoxepin
7383:Tofenacin
7353:mianserin
7345:amoxapine
7267:RU-47,213
7247:Quinidine
7207:Pizotifen
7167:Pethidine
7032:Mazaticol
7012:J-104,129
6977:Himbacine
6934:Flavoxate
6879:Drofenine
6754:Camylofin
6744:Biperiden
6719:Benzilone
6675:clozapine
6656:AQ-RA 741
6626:perlapine
6618:meclizine
6578:buclizine
6565:Anisodine
6550:AF-DX 384
6545:AF-DX 250
6392:Muscarine
6367:L-689,660
6357:Itameline
6342:Clozapine
6297:Carbachol
6282:Arecoline
6059:Class F:
5858:pheromone
5854:glutamate
5278:Olfactory
4314:Chemokine
4096:Succinate
3881:Bile acid
3689:Melatonin
3662:Histamine
3502:(all but
3494:Serotonin
3399:Adenosine
3301:Rhodopsin
2901:Biochimie
2572:7 January
2095:cite book
1481:carbachol
1345:carbachol
1340:arecoline
1190:carbachol
1180:arecoline
1125:mydriasis
1087:endocrine
1041:gallamine
967:muscarine
957:carbachol
947:arecoline
727:carbachol
722:muscarine
712:arecoline
651:Analgesia
590:Agonists
574:Function
337:that has
325:that use
290:nicotinic
279:nicotinic
108:muscarine
39:Muscarine
28:nicotinic
7667:See also
7609:lecithin
7585:prodrugs
7555:WIN-2299
7531:loxapine
7217:Pridinol
7077:Metixene
6834:DAU-5884
6814:CS-27349
6734:Bevonium
6703:zotepine
6691:rilapine
6661:Atropine
6322:CDD-0102
6317:CDD-0098
6312:CDD-0097
6307:CDD-0078
6302:CDD-0034
6277:AQRA-741
6262:AF150(S)
6224:Agonists
6083:Frizzled
6076:Frizzled
6061:Frizzled
5903:, type 2
5809:Secretin
5749:Glucagon
5454:Cadherin
5412:Adhesion
5399:Secretin
4732:, bitter
4579:Oxytocin
4276:Bombesin
3924:Estrogen
3625:Dopamine
3218:25413004
3183:18082893
3115:22001099
2921:11086210
2883:21906611
2836:DailyMed
2811:17583355
2675:11482763
2625:16751797
2567:30252390
2405:12432392
2362:20861438
2243:19110329
2161:21873996
2038:17073660
1994:32310369
1967:16879488
1877:See also
1851:atropine
1798:receptor
1755:receptor
1667:receptor
1645:muscle.
1600:receptor
1544:receptor
1495:atropine
1364:atropine
1215:atropine
1202:(in eye)
981:atropine
756:atropine
642:learning
402:, while
400:proteins
335:receptor
161:and the
142:Function
132:agonists
112:nicotine
110:than to
50:Atropine
7605:Choline
7517:(e.g.,
7437:doxepin
7395:(e.g.,
7343:(e.g.,
7319:(e.g.,
7212:Poldine
7172:pFHHSiD
7097:Nefopam
6899:EA-3834
6894:EA-3580
6889:EA-3443
6884:EA-3167
6739:BIBN 99
6673:(e.g.,
6572:(e.g.,
6397:NGX-267
6377:McNA343
6332:Choline
5872:, sweet
5847:Class C
5779:PACAPR1
5395:Class B
4604:Relaxin
4526:Motilin
4411:Ghrelin
4376:Galanin
4109:Peptide
3297:Class A
3095:Urology
3080:8645172
3071:1217289
2984:3436364
2863:Toxicon
2776:2041225
2724:1693682
2715:1190137
2644:Farmaco
2616:1751864
2413:4302881
2385:Bibcode
2353:3007668
2284:8449930
2235:1902986
2215:Bibcode
2207:Science
2192:9647869
2152:3177959
1865:), and
1843:Ligands
1588:) and G
1150:induce
1143:and/or
1099:stomach
896:AV node
890:reduce
880:reduce
732:McNA343
513:, and G
288:uses a
265:in the
77:neurons
71:in the
6874:Ditran
6525:4-DAMP
6502:YM-796
6267:AF267B
6211:mAChRs
6063:&
5992:GPRC6A
5729:CALCRL
5593:Orphan
4882:Orphan
4873:type 1
4564:Orexin
4552:&
4531:Opioid
4271:Apelin
3245:(MeSH)
3216:
3181:
3144:
3113:
3078:
3068:
3005:
2982:
2950:. 5.0.
2919:
2881:
2809:
2774:
2722:
2712:
2673:
2623:
2613:
2565:
2529:
2411:
2403:
2377:Nature
2360:
2350:
2308:
2282:
2241:
2233:
2190:
2159:
2149:
2083:
2036:
1992:
1965:
1632:atrial
1152:emesis
1121:miosis
886:atrium
331:ligand
281:type.
63:, are
61:mAChRs
7583:(and
7313:SSRIs
6237:AC-42
5912:Other
5879:TAS1R
5870:Taste
5768:GLP2R
5763:GLP1R
5716:Other
5581:ELTD1
5554:ADGRL
5512:ADGRG
5478:ADGRE
5449:ADGRC
5420:ADGRB
5401:-like
5283:Opsin
5265:Other
4739:TAS2R
4730:Taste
4558:Sigma
4540:Kappa
4535:Delta
4243:C5a (
4228:Other
3874:Other
3802:FPRL1
3770:CysLT
3588:Other
3539:5-HT2
3509:5-HT1
3504:5-HT3
3303:-like
2409:S2CID
2239:S2CID
1855:pupil
1819:and M
1677:The M
1610:The M
1445:CHRM5
1285:CHRM4
1066:CHRM3
874:slow
867:CHRM2
691:Slow
663:(yes)
658:(yes)
610:CHRM1
571:Gene
568:Type
537:and G
515:12/13
479:and M
432:and M
212:and M
155:brain
149:is a
81:cells
59:, or
7147:PBID
6849:DIBD
6422:RS86
6257:AF30
6017:RAIG
5925:GABA
5758:GIPR
5505:CD97
5353:SREB
5154:137B
5129:109B
5124:109A
4554:Zeta
4511:MCHR
4291:NMBR
4286:GRPR
4281:BRS3
3919:EBI2
3785:LTB4
3709:TAAR
3559:5-HT
3214:PMID
3179:PMID
3142:ISBN
3111:PMID
3076:PMID
3003:ISBN
2980:PMID
2917:PMID
2879:PMID
2845:2013
2807:PMID
2772:PMID
2720:PMID
2671:PMID
2621:PMID
2574:2020
2563:PMID
2527:ISBN
2401:PMID
2358:PMID
2306:ISBN
2280:PMID
2231:PMID
2188:PMID
2157:PMID
2101:link
2081:ISBN
2059:link
2034:PMID
1990:PMID
1963:PMID
1871:COPD
1693:and
1586:cAMP
1556:EPSP
1097:and
1089:and
693:EPSP
644:and
618:EPSP
463:and
409:and
284:The
273:and
226:The
202:IPSP
194:EPSP
126:and
7403:),
6689:),
6011:179
6006:158
6001:156
5997:GPR
5784:GPR
5705:157
5700:155
5695:144
5690:143
5685:133
5680:128
5675:126
5670:125
5665:124
5660:123
5655:116
5650:115
5645:114
5640:113
5635:112
5630:111
5625:110
5601:GPR
5483:EMR
5322:RRH
5317:RGR
5312:1SW
5307:1MW
5302:1LW
5254:183
5249:182
5244:177
5239:176
5234:174
5229:173
5224:171
5219:162
5214:161
5209:160
5204:153
5199:152
5194:151
5189:150
5184:149
5179:148
5174:146
5169:142
5164:141
5159:139
5149:135
5144:132
5139:120
5134:119
5119:103
5114:101
4890:GPR
4426:MAS
4371:FSH
4239:C3a
4125:B/W
4061:PAF
3913:119
3899:GPR
3895:CB2
3890:CB1
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