36:
174:
1469:
362:. West of these Lowland and Upland Cree were the Woodland and Plains Cree. Linguistically, the Cree are divided by their general language features, where the Cree nations in the central part of the Cree continuum are classified as "th-Cree", "n-Cree" and "l-Cree", from west to east; Cree traditionally associated with the
1074:
357:
Historically, the Cree nations in the central part of the Cree continuum were classified by their relationship to Hudson Bay and James Bay: Lowland (Homeguard) Cree who were found along the coast, Lowland (Half-Homeguard) Cree who seasonally transitioned between the coast and the interior, and the
366:
make no distinction between "s" and "š", while the
Lowland and Upland Cree do. Today, together with the "n-Cree" dialect-speaking Woodland Cree, those who live in the Lowlands and Uplands who speak the "n-Cree" dialect are called "Swampy Cree", but culturally
349:
party travelling about 100 mi (160 km) inland. In
Ontario, contact with the Swampy Cree (Omuskegowuk) is in the early 1600s with Henry Hudson's arrival into James Bay.
1430:
1523:
1040:
1412:
254:. They are geographically and to some extent culturally split into two main groupings, and therefore speak two dialects of the
1654:
1664:
1360:
1346:
1332:
1318:
1300:
1024:
79:
57:
50:
1295:
Text and translation. Edited and with a glossary by C. Douglas Ellis. Winnipeg: University of
Manitoba Press.
312:, because they were living along the western shores of the Hudson and James Bay they were oft also known as
1594:
1458:
694:
663:
618:
394:
1543:
1538:
1405:
633:
420:
17:
628:
472:
414:
1450:
585:
519:
477:
337:
In
Manitoba, The Swampy Cree's first recorded contact with Europeans was in 1682 at the mouth of the
647:
529:
504:
494:
426:
404:
399:
246:
and adjoining interior lands south and west as well as territories along the shores of Hudson and
44:
1055:
673:
653:
462:
452:
446:
431:
346:
1609:
1604:
1398:
599:
457:
441:
436:
388:
61:
1306:
767:
Archæologia
Americana : Transactions and Collections of the American Antiquarian Society
678:
467:
1390:
1365:
Rhodes, Richard and Evelyn Todd. 1981. “Subarctic
Algonquian languages.” in June Helm, ed.,
1293:âtalôhkâna nêsta tipâcimôwina: Cree legends and narratives from the West Coast of James Bay.
1014:
1649:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1445:
832:
717:
559:
409:
255:
8:
1505:
1491:
1533:
1510:
1034:
235:
186:
286:
distinction is kept in the eastern dialect, the western dialect have merged both into
1356:
1342:
1328:
1314:
1296:
1020:
1075:"Narratives of Early Encounters between Europeans and the Cree of Western James Bay"
980:('rabbit'): Ojibwe name, referring to their peaceful character; applied also to the
944:
Swampy Creek
Indians.—Hind, Labrador Penin., I, 8, 1863 (for 'Swampy Cree Indians').
1550:
1323:
Lovisek, Joan A. 1999. "Aboriginals: Algonquians/Subarctic." Paul R. Magocsi, ed.,
603:
589:
1001:
371:(the Cree speaking the "l-dialect") and other peoples of the Upland including the
1578:
1439:
981:
855:
1628:
1599:
724:
1659:
1643:
1555:
1421:
363:
1353:
Native
Americans: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Peoples, Volume 1
738:
Maskègowuk.—Hutchins (1770) quoted by
Richardson, Arct. Exped. II, 37, 1851.
1572:
338:
239:
765:
Muskegons.—Galatin "A Synopsis of the Indian Tribes in North
America", in
310:
Lowland Cree, Lowland (Homeguard) Cree, West Main Cree, James Bay Mushkego
744:
Masquikoukioeks.—Prise de Possession (1671) in Margry, Déc., I, 97, 1875.
741:
Masquikoukiaks.—Prise de Possession (1671) in Perrot, Mémoire, 293, 1864.
342:
320:, speak the eastern dialect of the Swampy Cree language, which kept the
1241:
575:
508:
368:
305:
243:
843:
Mashkegonhyrinis.—Bacquerville de la Potherie, Hist. Am, I, 168, 1783.
247:
358:
Upland Cree in the deep interior who often were intermixed with the
819:
Muskagoes.—Harmon (1801) quoted by Jones, Ojebway Inds., 166, 1861.
637:
565:
548:
372:
278:, speak the western dialect of the Swampy Cree language, while the
231:
173:
1313:
pp. 217–230. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution.
251:
1468:
1339:
Muskekowuck Athinuwick: Original People of the Great Swampy Land
1016:
Muskekowuck Athinuwick: Original People of the Great Swampy Land
292:
Eastern Swampy Cree / Western James Bay Cree called themselves:
935:
Swampee.—Reid in Jour. Anthrop. Inst of G. Br., VII, 107, 1874.
702:
667:
657:
641:
622:
607:
593:
533:
498:
359:
1369:
pp. 52–66. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution.
1420:
1385:
1380:
1266:
1174:
1367:
The Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 6. Subarctic,
1327:; 36–47. Toronto: Multicultural History Society of Ontario.
1311:
The Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 6. Subarctic,
964:
Canada. Department of Indian Affairs, Annual Report for 1883
159:
eastern dialect of the Swampy Cree language, which kept the
698:
227:
103:
920:
Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family
913:
Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family
824:
Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family
1132:
Rhodes, Richard and Evelyn Todd, 1981, p. 53, p. Fig. 1
941:
Swampy Crees.—Franklin, Journ. to Polar Sea, 38, 1824.
969:
Coast Crees.—Back, Arct. Land Exped., app., 194, 1836.
949:
Swampy Krees.—Keane in Stanford, Compend., 536, 1878.
747:
Meskigouk.—Long, Exped. St Peter's R., II, 151, 1824.
177:
Map of Cree lands; the Swampy Cree are colored gray.
809:
Muscononges.—Pike, Exped., app. to pt. 1, 64, 1810.
735:
Mashkégous.—Petitot in Can. Rec. Sci., I, 48, 1884.
375:occasionally self-identify as being "Swampy Cree".
1218:Lovisek, 1999, "Western Woodland Cree" pp. 43–44.
1641:
782:Mustegans.—Hind, Labrador Penin., II, 16, 1863.
316:, reflecting their position in contrast to the
846:Maskigonehirinis.—Dobbs, Hudson Bay, 25, 1744.
750:Mis-Keegoes.—Ross, Fur Hunters, II, 220, 1855.
1406:
952:Swampys.—Hind, Labrador Penin., I, 323, 1863.
849:Miskogonhirinis.—Dobbs, Hudson Bay, 23, 1744.
1056:"Indian Migrations in Manitoba and the West"
804:Massachusetts Historical Society Collections
938:Swampies.—M'Lean, Hudson Bay, II, 19, 1824.
866:Muskeegoo.—Jones, Ojebway Inds., 178, 1861.
772:Muskigos.—Maximillian, Trav., II, 28, 1841.
753:Muskeg.--Hind. Red R. Exped., I, 112, 1860.
230:Nation occupying lands located in northern
1413:
1399:
1039:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
932:Savanois.—Charlevoix, Nouv.Fr., 277, 1744.
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
974:Minnesota Historical Society Collections
899:Minnesota Historical Society Collections
892:Minnesota Historical Society Collections
885:Minnesota Historical Society Collections
871:Minnesota Historical Society Collections
787:Minnesota Historical Society Collections
777:Minnesota Historical Society Collections
172:
113:Western Swampy Cree, Eastern Swampy Cree
43:This article includes a list of general
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1175:Swampy Cree Tribal Council Incorporated
1019:. University of Manitoba. pp. xi.
262:Western Swampy Cree called themselves:
14:
1642:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1012:
927:New York Documents of Colonial History
1394:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1179:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
516:Attawapiskat River Cree (historical)
1221:
1053:
878:Canada. Department of Indian Affairs
802:Mus-conogee.—Schermerhorn (1812) in
29:
1153:
1135:
1072:
869:Muskego Ojibways.—Warren (1852) in
799:Muscagoes.—Harmon, Jour., 84, 1820.
785:Mashkegons.—Belcourt (ca. 1850) in
762:Muskegoag.—Tanner, Narr., 315 1830.
756:Muskeggouck.—West, Jour., 19, 1824.
688:Piscotagami River Cree (historical)
332:
24:
1247:
1097:
883:Omaskekok.—Belcourt (ca. 1850) in
526:Mattagami River Cree (historical)
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1676:
1374:
1351:Pritzker, Barry. 1998. "Cree" in
925:Savannas.—Chauvignerie (1836) in
759:Muskegoe.—Tanner, Narr., 45 1830.
345:rivers in northern Manitoba by a
1467:
1325:Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples
1082:Ontario History, 80 (3), 227-245
918:People of the Lowlands.—Morgan,
890:Omush-ke-goag.—Warren (1852) in
775:Musk-keeg-oes.—Warren (1852) in
582:Abitibi River Cree (historical)
449:(also Plains Cree and Saulteaux)
352:
34:
1291:Ellis, Clarence Douglas. 1995.
1271:
897:Omushke-goes.—Warren (1852) in
556:Winisk River Cree (historical)
544:Severn River Cree (historical)
491:Albany River Cree (historical)
1144:
1088:
1066:
1047:
1006:
995:
911:Cree of the lowlands.—Morgan,
685:Lake Nipigon Cree (historical)
615:Moose River Cree (historical)
13:
1:
1284:
276:Lowland (Half-Homeguard) Cree
1595:Bible translations into Cree
710:
695:Mishkeegogamang First Nation
691:Rainy Lake Cree (historical)
664:Missanabie Cree First Nation
619:Brunswick House First Nation
395:Cumberland House Cree Nation
185:people, also known by their
7:
1060:Manitoba Historical Society
972:Waub-ose.—Warren (1852) in
634:Constance Lake First Nation
421:Mathias Colomb First Nation
385:Winnipeg Cree (historical)
258:, which is an "n-dialect":
27:Division of the Cree Nation
10:
1681:
1386:Swampy Cree Tribal Council
1305:Honigmann, John J. 1981. “
1277:Ellis, C. D., 1995, p. xiv
629:Chapleau Cree First Nation
473:Wuskwi Sipihk First Nation
415:Marcel Colomb First Nation
215:) or by exonyms including
1655:First Nations in Manitoba
1620:
1587:
1564:
1519:
1476:
1465:
1451:Proto-Algonquian language
1429:
586:Abitibiwinni First Nation
541:Nipigon Cree (historical)
520:Attawapiskat First Nation
478:York Factory First Nation
155:
146:
134:
129:
117:
109:
99:
94:
1665:First Nations in Ontario
1337:Lytwyn, Victor P. 2002.
988:
906:Reflecting a translation
792:Maskigoes.—Schoolcraft,
648:Kashechewan First Nation
530:Flying Post First Nation
505:Kashechewan First Nation
495:Fort Albany First Nation
427:Misipawistik Cree Nation
405:Fort Severn First Nation
400:Fisher River Cree Nation
318:(Eastern) James Bay Cree
226:, are a division of the
1422:Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi
1013:Victor, Lytwyn (2002).
962:Big-Heads.—Donnelly in
822:Mus-ka-go-wuk.—Morgan.
812:Muskeags.—Schoolcraft.
674:Moose Cree First Nation
654:Matachewan First Nation
463:Tataskweyak Cree Nation
447:Sapotaweyak Cree Nation
432:Mosakahiken Cree Nation
64:more precise citations.
1309:.” in June Helm, ed.,
806:, 2d s., II, 11, 1814.
600:Wahgoshig First Nation
458:Shoal Lake Cree Nation
453:Shamattawa Cree Nation
442:Red Earth First Nation
437:Opaskwayak Cree Nation
389:Chemawawin Cree Nation
314:Western James Bay Cree
242:, along the shores of
178:
1094:Lytwyn, pp. 42, 52–53
836:(O)maškêko-ininiw(ak)
679:Taykwa Tagamou Nation
468:War Lake First Nation
176:
95:Swampy Cree (Nèhinaw)
560:Weenusk First Nation
410:Fox Lake Cree Nation
347:Hudson's Bay Company
304:, together with the
256:Swampy Cree language
207:(and therefore also
201:Maškékowak, Maskegon
1532:From west to east:
1502:Eastern Swampy Cree
1497:Western Swampy Cree
1485:From west to east:
1381:Mushkegowuk Council
1267:Mushkegowuk Council
723:"Swampy(-ies)", or
147:Eastern Swampy Cree
130:Western Swampy Cree
1544:Southern East Cree
1539:Northern East Cree
1524:Montagnais-Naskapi
1459:Central Algonquian
1054:Hlady M., Walter.
1002:Path of the Elders
966:, pt. 1, 10, 1884.
716:Reflecting either
650:(also Swampy Cree)
236:Saskatchewan River
179:
1637:
1636:
1629:extinct languages
1565:Contact languages
1424:dialect continuum
1355:pp. 709–715
1141:Honigmann, p. 218
929:, IX, 1054, 1855.
887:, I, 227-8, 1885.
728:(O)mashkiigo(wag)
423:(also Rocky Cree)
417:(also Rocky Cree)
391:(also Rocky Cree)
194:Maskiki Wi Iniwak
171:
170:
142:
141:
125:
124:
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
1672:
1520:Eastern variants
1477:Western variants
1471:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1264:
1245:
1240:Lovisek, 1999, "
1238:
1219:
1216:
1177:
1172:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1030:
1010:
1004:
999:
859:(O)mashkiigoo(g)
486:East Swampy Cree
380:West Swampy Cree
333:European contact
238:in northeastern
151:
144:
143:
127:
126:
92:
91:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
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1633:
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1610:Eastern version
1605:Western version
1583:
1579:Michif language
1560:
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1425:
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1372:
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1073:Long S., John.
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1007:
1000:
996:
991:
982:Bois Forte Band
976:, V, 86, 1885 (
873:, V, 378, 1885.
816:, VI, 33, 1857.
796:, II, 36, 1852.
789:, I, 227, 1872.
769:, II, 24, 1836.
721:(O)maškêko(wak)
713:
708:
355:
335:
274:), also called
217:West Main Cree,
149:
148:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
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22:
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1600:Cree syllabics
1597:
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1431:Classification
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1371:
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1321:
1307:West Main Cree
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1288:
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1280:
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1270:
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1220:
1178:
1152:
1143:
1134:
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930:
923:
916:
908:
907:
903:
902:
901:, V, 85, 1885.
895:
894:, V, 33, 1885.
888:
881:
880:(common form).
874:
867:
863:
862:
861:"Swampy(-ies)"
851:
850:
847:
844:
840:
839:
838:"Swamp People"
828:
827:
820:
817:
810:
807:
800:
797:
790:
783:
780:
779:, V, 45, 1885.
773:
770:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
732:
731:
730:"Swampy(-ies)"
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407:
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377:
354:
351:
334:
331:
330:
329:
290:
224:Homeguard Cree
169:
168:
157:
153:
152:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
111:
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100:Descended from
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364:Woodland Cree
361:
353:First Nations
350:
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327:
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19:
1624:
1573:Bungi Creole
1571:
1449:
1366:
1352:
1338:
1324:
1310:
1292:
1273:
1244:" pp. 41–42.
1150:Lytwyn, p.42
1146:
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1068:
1059:
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1008:
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977:
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926:
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308:also called
302:Omushkegowak
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240:Saskatchewan
234:, along the
223:
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198:Mushkekowuk,
197:
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182:
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164:
160:
76:
67:
48:
1650:Swampy Cree
1487:Plains Cree
854:Reflecting
833:Swampy Cree
831:Reflecting
718:Swampy Cree
328:distinction
294:Omaškêkowak
268:Mushkegowuk
183:Swampy Cree
167:distinction
150:Omaškêkowak
62:introducing
18:Mushkegowuk
1644:Categories
1556:Montagnais
1506:Moose Cree
1492:Woods Cree
1446:Algonquian
1285:References
1242:Moose Cree
876:Muskegoo.—
576:Moose Cree
564:(see also
547:(see also
509:Moose Cree
369:Moose Cree
306:Moose Cree
272:Maškēkowak
244:Hudson Bay
70:April 2012
45:references
1627:indicate
1534:East Cree
1511:Atikamekw
1035:cite book
711:Ethnonyms
604:Algonquin
590:Algonquin
298:Omushkego
248:James Bay
213:Muskegoes
138:N-dialect
121:N dialect
1588:See also
1444:Family:
638:Oji-Cree
566:Oji-Cree
549:Oji-Cree
373:Oji-Cree
264:Mushkego
232:Manitoba
209:Muskegon
205:Maskekon
187:autonyms
156:Language
135:Language
118:Language
110:Branches
1625:Italics
1551:Naskapi
978:Waabooz
252:Ontario
190:NĂ©hinaw
58:improve
1479:(Cree)
1359:
1345:
1331:
1317:
1299:
1023:
856:Ojibwe
703:Ojibwe
697:(also
668:Ojibwe
666:(also
658:Ojibwe
656:(also
642:Ojibwe
636:(also
623:Ojibwe
621:(also
608:Ojibwe
602:(also
594:Ojibwe
588:(also
534:Ojibwe
532:(also
507:(also
499:Ojibwe
497:(also
360:Ojibwe
339:Nelson
222:, and
47:, but
1448:(see
1440:Algic
1078:(PDF)
989:Notes
957:Other
725:Odawa
343:Hayes
1660:Cree
1504:and
1357:ISBN
1343:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1297:ISBN
1041:link
1021:ISBN
699:Cree
640:and
606:and
592:and
341:and
270:(or
228:Cree
211:and
181:The
104:Cree
250:in
203:or
1646::
1341:.
1249:^
1223:^
1181:^
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1058:.
1037:}}
1033:{{
984:).
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163:/
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83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
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