Baleen whale - Knowledge

1802: 3159:

on data from the fossil record and modern baleen whales indicates that the evolution of gigantism in baleen whales occurred rather recently, within the last 3 million years. Before 4.5 million years ago, few baleen whales exceeded 10 meters (33 ft) in length; the two largest Miocene species were less than 13 m (43 ft) in length. The initial evolution of baleen and filter feeding long preceded the evolution of gigantic body size, indicating the evolution of novel feeding mechanisms did not cause the evolution of gigantism. The formation of the Antarctic circumpolar current and its effects on global climate patterns is excluded as being causal for the same reason. Gigantism also was preceded by divergence of different mysticete lineages, meaning multiple lineages arrived at large size independently. It is possible the

1045: 1727:, unlike other whales, with the exception of the bowhead whale. Rorquals have a higher proportion of muscle tissue and tend to be negatively buoyant, whereas right whales have a higher proportion of blubber and are positively buoyant. Gray whales are easily distinguished from the other rorquals by their sleet-gray color, dorsal ridges (knuckles on the back), and their gray-white scars left from parasites. As with the other rorquals, their throat pleats increase the capacity of their throats, allowing them to filter larger volumes of water at once. Gray whales are bottom-feeders, meaning they sift through sand to get their food. They usually turn on their sides, scoop up sediment into their mouths and filter out 4045: 935: 794: 4135: 3582: 4213: 991: 821: 4261: 2980: 955: 898: 1025: 3886:

rorqual, the minke whale, 3 m (10 ft) calves are born after a 10-month pregnancy and weaning lasts until it has reached about 5 to 5.5 m (16 to 18 ft) after 6–7 months. Unusual for a baleen whale, female minkes (and humpbacks) can become pregnant immediately after giving birth; in most species, there is a two-to-three-year calving period. In right whales, the calving interval is usually three years. They grow very rapidly during their first year, after which they hardly increase in size for several years. They reach sexual maturity when 13 to 14 m (43 to 46 ft) long. Baleen whales are

3866: 3719: 2661: 1833: 3401: 1194: 841: 3766: 767: 4001:, under 20 Hz) moans can last for half a minute, reach almost 190 decibels, and be heard hundreds of kilometers away. Adult male humpbacks produce the longest and most complex songs; sequences of moans, groans, roars, sighs, and chirps sometimes lasting more than ten minutes are repeated for hours. Typically, all humpback males in a population sing the same song over a breeding season, but the songs change slightly between seasons, and males in one population have been observed adapting the song from males of a neighboring population over a few breeding seasons. 3246: 3219:, including a streamlined body; a small dorsal fin, relative to its size; and lack of external ears or long hair. The fin whale is the fastest among baleen whales, having been recorded travelling as fast as 10 m/s (36 km/h; 22 mph), and sustaining a speed of 2.5 m/s (9.0 km/h; 5.6 mph) for an extended period. While feeding, the rorqual jaw expands to a volume that can be bigger than the whale itself; to do this, the mouth inflates. The inflation of the mouth causes the cavum ventrale, the throat pleats on the underside stretching to the 1143: 10188: 10100: 10046: 10016: 9930: 9883: 9698: 9668: 9599: 9374: 9272: 9178: 9051: 9010: 8968: 8712: 8607: 8573: 8516: 8443: 8391: 8280: 8218: 8184: 7744: 7616: 7481: 7416: 7312: 7077: 7008: 6890: 6821: 6772: 6719: 6678: 6524: 5986: 5706: 5672: 5446: 5289: 5207: 5147: 4896: 4806: 4564: 2580: 1783: 1749: 1766: 3176: 1164: 3954: 1082: 4241:

Article VIII in the Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, which allows the taking of whales for scientific research. Japan has had two main research programs: the Joint Aquatic Resources Permit Application (JARPA) and the Japanese Research Program in the North (JARPN). JARPN is focused in the North Pacific and JARPA around the Antarctic. JARPA mainly caught Antarctic minke whales, catching nearly 7,000; to a far lesser extent, they also caught fin whales. Animal-rights activist groups, such as the

146: 12188: 113: 3749:

they ram the baitball, the jaw swings open at almost a 90° angle and bends which lets in more water. To prevent stretching the mouth too far, rorquals have a sensory organ located in the middle of the jaw to regulate these functions. Then they must decelerate. This process takes a lot of mechanical work and is only energy-effective when used against a large baitball. Lunge feeding is more energy-intensive than skim-feeding due to the acceleration and deceleration required.

4314:, which is especially serious for North Atlantic right whales considering their small number. Right whales feed with a wide-open mouth, risking entanglement in any rope or net fixed in the water column. The rope wraps around their upper jaw, flippers and tail. Some are able to escape, but others remain entangled. If observers notice, they can be successfully disentangled, but others die over a period of months. Other whales, such as humpback whales, can also be entangled. 1819: 1215: 4197:

is particularly contentious in Iceland, as it has among the most-developed whale-watching operations in the world and the hunting of minke whales resumed in August 2003. Brazil, Argentina and South Africa argue that whale watching is a growing billion-dollar industry that provides more revenue than commercial whaling would provide. Peru, Uruguay, Australia, and New Zealand also support proposals to permanently forbid whaling south of the Equator, as

10245: 1707: 12164: 12200: 3614:), which bounces light back at the retina, enhancing eyesight in dark areas. However, light is bent more near the surface of the eye when in air as opposed to water; consequently, they can see much better in the air than in the water. The eyeballs are protected by a thick outer layer to prevent abrasions and an oily fluid (instead of tears) on the surface of the eye. Baleen whales appear to have limited color vision, as they lack 12212: 3778:

flippers, covering the blowhole, and ramming and biting until death. Generally, a mother and calf pair, when faced with the threat of a killer whale pod, will either fight or flee. Fleeing only occurs in species that can swim away quickly, the rorquals. Slower whales must fight the pod alone or with a small family group. There has been one report of a shark attacking and killing a whale calf. This occurred in 2014 during the

3120: 3305:

conserve heat. Right whales have the thickest hypodermis of any cetacean, averaging 51 centimeters (20 in), though, as in all whales, it is thinner around openings (such as the blowhole) and limbs. Blubber may also be used to store energy during times of fasting. The connective tissue between the hypodermis and muscles allows only limited movement to occur between them. Unlike toothed whales, baleen whales have

2868: 10233: 3801:. Almost all species of whale lice are specialized towards a certain species of whale, and there can be more than one species per whale. Whale lice eat dead skin, resulting in minor wounds in the skin. Whale louse infestations are especially evident in right whales, where colonies propagate on their callosities. Though not a parasite, whale barnacles latch onto the skin of a whale during their 12176: 4288:, drowns out the vocalizations produced by whales, notably in the blue whale which produces the loudest vocalization, which makes it harder for them to communicate. Blue whales stop producing foraging D calls once a mid-frequency sonar is activated, even though the sonar frequency range (1–8 kHz) far exceeds their sound production range (25–100 Hz). 3941: 4323: 1723:) at high speed. Rorquals generally have streamlined physiques to reduce drag in the water while doing this. Balaenids rely on their huge heads, as opposed to the rorquals' throat pleats, to feed effectively. This feeding behavior allows them to grow very big and bulky, without the necessity for a streamlined body. They have 3702:

during the winter months when plankton populations are low. Migration is hypothesized to benefit calves in a number of ways. Newborns, born with underdeveloped blubber, would likely otherwise be killed by the cold polar temperatures. Migration to warmer waters may also reduce the risk of calves being predated on by

4221:

after the International Whaling Commission placed a moratorium which banned whaling for commercial use. Several species that were commercially exploited have rebounded in numbers; for example, gray whales may be as numerous as they were prior to whaling, making it the first marine mammal to be taken off the

3753:

baleen plates can filter it, and be slow enough so that it cannot escape. The "skimming" may take place on the surface, underwater, or even at the ocean's bottom, indicated by mud occasionally observed on right whales' bodies. Gray whales feed primarily on the ocean's bottom, feeding on benthic creatures.

3693:

Most species of baleen whale migrate long distances from high latitude waters during spring and summer months to more tropical waters during winter months. This migration cycle is repeated annually. The gray whale has the longest recorded migration of any mammal, with one traveling 23,000 kilometers

4284:, the result is that the whale is unable to hear an approaching vessel before it has been run over or entrapped by the hydrodynamic forces of the vessel's passage. A 2014 study noted that a lower vessel speed correlated with lower collision rates. The ever-increasing amount of ocean noise, including 4220:

Commercial whaling was historically important for the world economy. All species were exploited, and as one type's stock depleted, another type was targeted. The scale of whale harvesting decreased substantially through the 1960s as all whale stocks had been depleted, and practically stopped in 1988

4118:

Notwithstanding the other provisions of paragraph 10, catch limits for the killing for commercial purposes of whales from all stocks for the 1986 coastal and the 1985/86 pelagic seasons and thereafter shall be zero. This provision will be kept under review, based upon the best scientific advice, and

3752:

The skim-feeders are right whales, gray whales, pygmy right whales, and sei whales (which also lunge feed). To feed, skim-feeders swim with an open mouth, filling it with water and prey. Prey must occur in sufficient numbers to trigger the whale's interest, be within a certain size range so that the

3589:

The eyes of baleen whales are relatively small for their size and are positioned near the end of the mouth. This is probably because they feed on slow or immobile prey, combined with the fact that most sunlight does not pass 9.1 meters (30 ft), and hence they do not need acute vision. A whale's

3568:

had U-shaped folds which are thought to be similar to vocal cords. They are positioned parallel to air flow, as opposed to the perpendicular vocal cords of terrestrial mammals. These may control air flow and cause vibrations. The walls of the larynx are able to contract which may generate sound with

3158:

The increase in size is likely due to climate change which caused seasonally shifting accumulations of plankton in various parts of the world, necessitating travel over long distances, as well as the ability to feed on large baitballs to make such trips worthwhile. A 2017 analysis of body size based

4196:

advocates argue that whaling catches "friendly" whales that are curious about boats, as these whales are the easiest to catch. This analysis claims that once the economic benefits of hotels, restaurants and other tourist amenities are considered, hunting whales is a net economic loss. This argument

3873:

Before reaching adulthood, baleen whales grow at an extraordinary rate. In the blue whale, the largest species, the fetus grows by some 100 kg (220 lb) per day just before delivery, and by 80 kg (180 lb) per day during suckling. Before weaning, the calf increases its body weight

3709:

Migratory movements may also reflect seasonally shifting patterns of productivity. California blue whales are hypothesized to migrate between dense patches of prey, moving from central California in the summer and fall, to the Gulf of California in the winter, to the central Baja California Pacific

3701:

It is thought that plankton blooms dictate where whales migrate. Many baleen whales feed on the massive plankton blooms that occur in the cold, nutrient-rich waters of polar regions during the sunny spring and summer months. Baleen whales generally then migrate to calving grounds in tropical waters

4095:

Commercial whaling was historically important as an industry well throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Whaling was at that time a sizable European industry with ships from Britain, France, Spain, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Germany, sometimes collaborating to hunt whales in the Arctic. By the

4240:

Baleen whales continue to be harvested. Only three nations take whales: Iceland, Norway, and Japan. All these nations are part of the IWC, with Norway and Iceland rejecting the moratorium and continuing commercial whaling. Japan, being part of the IWC, whales under the Scientific Permit stated in

3748:

The lunge-feeders are the rorquals. To feed, lunge-feeders expand the volume of their jaw to a volume bigger than the original volume of the whale itself. To do this, the mouth inflates, which causes the throat pleats to expand, increasing the amount of water that the mouth can store. Just before

3304:

layer, is 5 millimeters (0.2 in) thick, along with connective tissue. The epidermis itself is only 1 millimeter (0.04 in) thick. The dermis, the layer underneath the epidermis, is also thin. The hypodermis, containing blubber, is the thickest part of the skin and functions as a means to

4330:

Baleen whales have rarely been kept in captivity. Their large size and appetite make them expensive creatures to maintain. Pools of proper size would also be very expensive to build. For example, a single gray whale calf would need to eat 215 kilograms (475 lb) of fish per day, and the pool

3393:. Unlike other mammals, the lungs of baleen whales lack lobes and are more sacculated. Like in humans, the left lung is smaller than the right to make room for the heart. To conserve oxygen, blood is rerouted from pressure-tolerant-tissue to internal organs, and they have a high concentration of 3360:

to form on the plates to stiffen them. Baleen plates are attached to the upper jaw and are absent in the mid-jaw, forming two separate combs of baleen. The plates decrease in size as they go further back into the jaw; the largest ones are called the "main baleen plates" and the smallest ones are

3255: 3885:

Most rorquals mate in warm waters in winter to give birth almost a year later. A 7-to-11 month lactation period is normally followed by a year of rest before mating starts again. Adults normally start reproducing when 5–10 years old and reach their full length after 20–30 years. In the smallest

3380:

The unique lungs of baleen whales are built to collapse under the pressure instead of resisting the pressure which would damage the lungs, enabling some, like the fin whale, to dive to a depth of −470 meters (−1,540 ft). The whale lungs are very efficient at extracting oxygen from the air,

557:. Rorquals are specialized at lunge-feeding, and have a streamlined body to reduce drag while accelerating. Right whales skim-feed, meaning they use their enlarged head to effectively take in a large amount of water and sieve the slow-moving prey. Males typically mate with more than one female ( 4668:

Rosenbaum, H. C.; Brownell Jr., R. L.; Schaeff, M. W.B.C.; Portway, V.; White, B. N.; Malik, S.; Pastene, L. A.; Patenaude, N. J.; Baker, C. S.; Goto, M.; Best, P.; Clapham, P. J.; Hamilton, P.; Moore, M.; Payne, R.; Rowntree, V.; Tynan, C. T.; Bannister, J. L.; Desalle, R. (2000). "World-wide

3777:

Baleen whales, primarily juveniles and calves, are preyed on by killer whales. It is thought that annual whale migration occurs to protect the calves from the killer whales. There have also been reports of a pod of killer whales attacking and killing an adult bowhead whale, by holding down its

3277:. Baleen whales have two blowholes, as opposed to toothed whales which have one. These paired blowholes are longitudinal slits that converge anteriorly and widen posteriorly, which causes a V-shaped blow. They are surrounded by a fleshy ridge that keeps water away while the whale breathes. The 3134:

of rorquals and right whales split almost 20 mya. It is unknown where this occurred, but it is generally believed that they, like their descendants, followed plankton migrations. These primitive baleen whales had lost their dentition in favor of baleen, and are believed to have lived on a

3756:

Foraging efficiency for both lunge feeding and continuous ram filter feeding is highly dependent upon prey density. The efficiency of a blue whale lunge is approximately 30 times higher at krill densities of 4.5 kg/m (0.28 lb/cu ft) than at low krill densities of 0.15 kg/m

4225:. The Southern right whale was hunted to near extinction in the mid-to-late 20th century, with only a small (unknown) population around Antarctica. Because of international protection, the Southern right whale's population has been growing 7% annually since 1970. Conversely, the 3921:

on the planet, typically measuring 2.4–3.0 metres (8–10 ft). Accurate measurements of the blue whale are difficult to take because the whale's erect length can only be observed during mating. The penis on a right whale can be up to 2.7 m (8.9 ft) – the

3372:, notably in humpback whales where the males of the species sing elaborate songs. Male right whales have bigger callosities than female right whales. The males are generally more scarred than females which is thought to be because of aggression during mating season. 3325: 4339:, in 1965, was named Gigi and died two months later from an infection. The second gray whale, which was captured in 1971 from the same lagoon, was named Gigi II and was released a year later after becoming too big. The last gray whale, J.J., beached itself in 1714:

Rorquals use throat pleats to expand their mouths, which allow them to feed more effectively. However, rorquals need to build up water pressure in order to expand their mouths, leading to a lunge-feeding behavior. Lunge-feeding is where a whale rams a

4096:

early 1790s, whalers, namely the British (Australian) and Americans, started to focus efforts in the South Pacific; in the mid-1900s, over 50,000 humpback whale were taken from the South Pacific. At its height in the 1880s, U.S. profits turned to

5844:

Sanders, Albert E.; Barnes, Lawrence G. (2002). "Paleontology of the Late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formations of South Carolina, 3: Eomysticetidae, a New Family of Primitive Mysticetes (Mammalia: Cetacea)". In Emry, Robert J (ed.).

4063:

to spear the bigger animals from boats out at sea. People from Norway started hunting whales around 4,000 years ago, and people from Japan began hunting whales in the Pacific at least as early as that. Whales are typically hunted for their

3095:

and others like it showed no evidence in the skull of echolocation abilities, suggesting they mainly relied on their eyesight for navigation. The eomysticetes had long, flat rostra that lacked teeth and had blowholes located halfway up the

4275:

Baleen whales can also be affected by humans in more indirect ways. For species like the North Atlantic right whale, which migrates through some of the world's busiest shipping lanes, the biggest threat is from being struck by ships. The

3441:, so, in baleen whales, warm blood in the arteries is surrounded by veins to prevent heat loss during transport. As well as this, heat inevitably given off by the arteries warms blood in the surrounding veins as it travels back into the 3729:

All modern mysticetes are obligate filter feeders, using their baleen to strain small prey items (including small fish, krill, copepods, and zooplankton) from seawater. Despite their carnivorous diet, a 2015 study revealed they house

1735:, which leave noticeable marks on their heads. The pygmy right whale is easily confused with minke whales because of their similar characteristics, such as their small size, dark gray tops, light gray bottoms, and light eye patches. 3890:, meaning they raise one calf at a time, have a long life-expectancy, and a low infant mortality rate. Some 19th century harpoons found in harvested bowheads indicate this species can live more than 100 years. Baleen whales are 4819:

Hassanin, Alexandre; Delsucc, Frédéric; Ropiquet, Anne; Hammere, Catrin; Van Vuurenf, Bettine J.; Mattheef, Conrad; Ruiz-Garcia, Manuel; Catzeflisc, François; Areskough, Veronika; Thanh Nguyena, Trung; Coulouxj, Arnaud (2012).

1533:

are thought to be genetically and physiologically dissimilar. However, there is some discussion as to whether the gray whale should be classified into its own family, or as a rorqual, with recent studies favoring the latter.

3511:) is similar to that of seawater, whereas the salt content of a whale's blood is considerably lower (three times lower) than that of seawater. The whale kidney is adapted to excreting excess salt; however, while producing 3530:, the part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination, makes up 18% of their brain's weight, compared to 10% in humans, which is probably due to the great degree of control necessary for constantly swimming. 4119:

by 1990 at the latest the Commission will undertake a comprehensive assessment of the effects of this decision on whale stocks and consider modification of this provision and the establishment of other catch limits.

3231:

is also fibrocartilaginous, allowing the jaw to bend which lets in more water. To prevent stretching the mouth too far, rorquals have a sensory organ located in the middle of the jaw to regulate these functions.

4100:

10,000,000, equivalent to US$ 225,000,000 today. Commonly exploited species included arctic whales such as the gray whale, right whale, and bowhead whale because they were close to the main whaling ports, like

3947:

of humpback whale vocalizations: detail is shown for the first 24 seconds of the 37-second recording "Singing Humpbacks". The whale songs are heard before and after a set of echolocation clicks in the middle.

3408:

The heart of baleen whales functions similarly to other mammals, with the major difference being the size. The heart can reach 454 kilograms (1,000 lb), but is still proportional to the whale's size. The

1520:

contain the Sei whale, Bryde's whale, Eden's whale (and by extension Rice's whale), the blue whale, and Omura's whale. The gray whale was formerly classified in its own family. The two populations, one in the

1389:

similar to rorquals and gray whales than to right whales. A study published in 2012, based on bone structure, moved the pygmy right whale from the family Neobalaenidae to the family Cetotheriidae, making it a

4354:, housed three minke whales in the nearby bay enclosed by nets. One survived for three months, another (a calf) survived for two weeks, and another was kept for over a month before breaking through the nets. 4105:. After those stocks were depleted, rorquals in the South Pacific were targeted by nearly all whaling organizations; however, they often out-swam whaling vessels. Whaling rorquals was not effective until the 3553:, in which they sleep with half of the brain while the other half remains active. This behavior was only documented in toothed whales until footage of a humpback whale sleeping (vertically) was shot in 2014. 4109:

was invented in the late 1860s. Whaling basically stopped when stocks of all species were depleted to a point that they could not be harvested on a commercial scale. Whaling was controlled in 1982 when the

4331:

would have to accommodate the 4-meter (13 ft) calf, along with ample room to swim. Only gray whales have survived being kept in captivity for over a year. The first gray whale, which was captured in

4347:

and, after 14 months, was released because it got too big to take care of. Reaching 8,700 kilograms (19,200 lb) and 9.4 meters (31 ft), J.J. was the largest creature to be kept in captivity.

3668:

released by their prey. It is thought that 'tasting' the water is important for finding prey and tracking down other whales. They are believed to have an impaired sense of smell due to the lack of the

712:, often still referred to as Artiodactyla (given that the cetaceans are deeply nested with the artiodactyls). The closest living relatives to baleen whales are toothed whales both from the infraorder 3972: 3997:

All baleen whales use sound for communication and are known to "sing", especially during the breeding season. Blue whales produce the loudest sustained sounds of any animals: their low-frequency (

3507:, allowing for a greater surface area over which digested food and water can be absorbed. Baleen whales get the water they need from their food; however, the salt content of most of their prey ( 3192:. Flipper movement is continuous. While doing this, baleen whales use their tail fluke to propel themselves forward through vertical motion while using their flippers for steering, much like an 3734:

similar to that of terrestrial herbivores. Different kinds of prey are found in different abundances depending on location, and each type of whale is adapted to a specialized way of foraging.

3657:. It is known that when the fluid inside the cochlea is disturbed by vibrations, it triggers sensory hairs which send electric current to the brain, where vibrations are processed into sound. 6067:

Goldbogen, J.a.; Cade, D.e.; Calambokidis, J.; Friedlaender, A.s.; Potvin, J.; Segre, P.s.; Werth, A.j. (2017-01-03). "How Baleen Whales Feed: The Biomechanics of Engulfment and Filtration".

5943:

Steeman, Mette E.; Hebsgaard, Martin B.; Fordyce, R. E.; Ho, Simon Y. W.; Rabosky, Daniel L.; Nielsen, Rasmus; Rahbek, Carsten; Glenner, Henrik; Sørensen, Martin V.; Willerslev, Eske (2009).

3200:

out of the water, which may allow them to travel faster. Because of their great size, right whales are not flexible or agile like dolphins, and none can move their neck because of the fused

9897: 7430: 3757:(0.0094 lb/cu ft). Baleen whale have been observed seeking out highly specific areas within the local environment in order to forage at the highest density prey aggregations. 7853:

Kenney, Robert D.; Hyman, Martin A. M.; Owen, Ralph E.; Scott, Gerald P.; Winn, Howard E. (1986-01-01). "Estimation of Prey Densities Required by Western North Atlantic Right Whales".

1385:

after a skull of another specimen was discovered. Six years later, the pygmy right whale was classified under the family Neobalaenidae. Despite its name, the pygmy right whale is more

692:, while rorquals and gray whales generally have a flat head, long throat pleats, and are more streamlined than Balaenids. Rorquals also tend to be longer than the latter. Cetaceans ( 6540:

Pyenson, N. D.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Vogl, A. W.; Szathmary, G.; Drake, R. L.; Shadwick, R. E. (2012). "Discovery of a sensory organ that coordinates lunge-feeding in rorqual whales".

4430:

Woodward, Becky L.; Winn, Jeremy P.; Fish, Frank E. (November 2006). "Morphological specializations of baleen whales associated with hydrodynamic performance and ecological niche".

3549:

Unlike most animals, whales are conscious breathers. All mammals sleep, but whales cannot afford to become unconscious for long because they may drown. They are believed to exhibit

3970: 4985:

Sasaki, Takeshi; Nikaido, Masato; Hamilton, Healy; Goto, Mutsuo; Kato, Hidehiro; Kanda, Naohisa; Pastene, Luis; Cao, Ying; Fordyce, R.; Hasegawa, Masami; Okada, Norihiro (2005).

3526:, the part of the brain responsible for memory and processing sensory information. Their cerebrum only makes up about 68% of their brain's weight, as opposed to human's 83%. The 3902:, in that a male may mate with more than one female. The scars on male whales suggest they fight for the right to mate with females during breeding season, somewhat similar to 3926:, at up to 2 m (6.6 ft) in length, 78 cm (2.56 ft) in diameter, and weighing up to 238 kg (525 lb), are also the largest of any animal on Earth. 3368:

is usually reversed, with the males being larger, but the females of all baleen whales are usually five percent larger than males. Sexual dimorphism is also displayed through

3737:

There are two types of feeding behaviors: skim-feeding and lunge-feeding, but some species do both depending on the type and amount of food. Lunge-feeders feed primarily on

2950:, the second-oldest mysticete, yielded a total length of 8 meters (26 ft), indicating filter feeding was not a driving feature in mysticete evolution. The discovery of 2944:

measuring no greater than 3 meters (10 ft). It is thought that their size increased with their dependence on baleen. However, the discovery of a skull of the toothed

6231:

Marlow, Jeremy R.; Lange, Carina B.; Wefer, Gerold; Rosell-Melé, Antoni (2000-12-22). "Upwelling Intensification As Part of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Climate Transition".

3971: 603:

by commercial industries for these products, cetaceans are now protected by international law. These protections have allowed their numbers to recover. However, the

9711:

O'Shea, Thomas J.; Brownell, Jr., Robert L. (1994). "Organochlorine and metal contaminants in baleen whales: a review and evaluation of conservation implications".

4013:

cannot be done because their bulk and lack of body language make a reaction impossible to be definitive. However, studies on the brains of humpback whales revealed

3269:

Baleen whales have two flippers on the front, near the head. Like all mammals, baleen whales breathe air and must surface periodically to do so. Their nostrils, or

8741:

Butti, C.; Sherwood, C. C.; Hakeem, A. Y.; M. Allman, J.; Hof, P. R. (2009). "Total number and volume of Von Economo neurons in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans".

1801: 3909:

Baleen whales have fibroelastic (connective tissue) penises, similar to those of artiodactyls. The tip of the penis, which tapers toward the end, is called the

3874:

by 17 t (17 long tons; 19 short tons) and grows from 7 to 8 m (23 to 26 ft) at birth to 13 to 16 m (43 to 52 ft) long. When it reaches

8844: 4157:). Two species—the North Atlantic right whale (with only around 366 individuals left) and Rice's whale (with less than 100 individuals left)—are considered 3082:

indicates the symphysis was elastic, which would have enabled rotation of each mandible, an initial adaptation for bulk feeding like in modern mysticetes.

1342:). Balaenidae was thought to have consisted of only one genus until studies done through the early 2000s reported that bowhead whales and right whales are 2598: 9468: 9105: 2027: 2058: 2021: 9519:

Vanderlaan, Angelia S. M.; Taggart, Christopher T. (2007). "Vessel Collisions with Whales: The Probability of Lethal Injury Based on Vessel Speed".

3637:

frequencies. It is largely unknown how sound is received by baleen whales. Unlike in toothed whales, sound does not pass through the lower jaw. The

2353: 2312: 2195: 1991: 9912: 9192: 7434: 2970:

had no teeth in their mouth, meaning they were fully dependent on baleen and could only filter feed. However, the 2018 discovery of the toothless

4280:

effect results in low frequency propeller sounds not being discernible near the surface, where most accidents occur. Combined with spreading and

3741:(krill), though some lunge feeders also prey on schools of fish. Skim-feeders, like bowhead whales, feed upon primarily smaller plankton such as 2735: 2690: 2507: 2101: 4146: 2811: 2289: 2273: 608: 7629:

Potvin, J.; Goldbogen, J.A.; Shadwick, R.E. (2010). "Scaling of lunge feeding in rorqual whales: An integrated model of engulfment duration".

5315:

Marx, Felix G. (2011). "The More the Merrier? A Large Cladistic Analysis of Mysticetes, and Comments on the Transition from Teeth to Baleen".

12402: 2671: 2613: 2258: 2107: 3831:

on the skin, which takes a month to develop; this film causes minor damage to the skin. They are also plagued by internal parasites such as

3223:, to expand, increasing the amount of water that the mouth can store. The mandible is connected to the skull by dense fibers and cartilage ( 9387: 4909:

Marx, Felix (2010). "The More the Merrier? A Large Cladistic Analysis of Mysticetes, and Comments on the Transition from Teeth to Baleen".

3449:. To counteract overheating while in warmer waters, baleen whales reroute blood to the skin to accelerate heat-loss. They have the largest 2803: 2782: 2703: 2320: 2296: 2266: 2226: 241: 6834:

Norena, S. R.; Williams, A. M. (2000). "Body size and skeletal muscle myoglobin of cetaceans: adaptations for maximizing dive duration".

4222: 3479:

where it enters a three-chambered-stomach. The first compartment is known as the fore-stomach; this is where food gets ground up into an

2824: 2774: 2202: 8902: 12484: 5355:"A new Early Oligocene toothed 'baleen' whale (Mysticeti: Aetiocetidae) from western North America: one of the oldest and the smallest" 4867:[Possibility of the North Pacific Western group and eastern group exchanges as seen from the osteologic features of the gray whale 4009:

Unlike their toothed whale counterparts, baleen whales are hard to study because of their immense size. Intelligence tests such as the

1508:) and colleagues suggested that, based on phylogenic criteria, there are four extant genera of rorquals. They recommend that the genus 3155:

perhaps rivaling the blue whale in terms of size, though other studies disagree that any baleen whale grew that large in the Miocene.

1505: 627:. They have rarely been kept in captivity, and this has only been attempted with juveniles or members of one of the smallest species. 2790: 7512:

Croll, Donald A.; Marinovic, Baldo; Benson, Scott; Chavez, Francisco P.; Black, Nancy; Ternullo, Richard; Tershy, Bernie R. (2005).

4257:; however, Japan refuses to stop whaling and has only promised to cut their annual catches by a third (around 300 whales per year). 4209:(IFAW), claim that countries which support a pro-whaling stance are damaging their economies by driving away anti-whaling tourists. 3745:. They feed alone or in small groups. Baleen whales get the water they need from their food, and their kidneys excrete excess salt. 1044: 12337: 7181: 4114:(IWC) placed a moratorium setting catch limits to protect species from dying out from over-exploitation, and eventually banned it: 581:

for a relatively long period of time over the period of migration, which varies between species. Baleen whales produce a number of

3491:. Then, the partly digested food is moved into the third stomach, where it meets fat-digesting enzymes, and is then mixed with an 12363: 3197: 2918:

lacked baleen in its jaw, the anatomy shows sufficient similarity to baleen whales. It appears to have had very limited apparent

2837: 9410: 3417:, which is responsible for pumping blood out of the heart, can be 7.6 to 12.7 centimeters (3 to 5 in) thick. The aorta, an 3309:

on the top of their head, stretching from the tip of the rostrum to the blowhole, and, in right whales, on the chin. Like other

6443:

Vogle, A. W.; Lillie, Margo A.; Piscitelli, Marina A.; Goldbogen, Jeremy A.; Pyenson, Nicholas D.; Shadwick, Robert E. (2015).

6334:

Dines, James P.; Otárola-Castillo, Erik; Ralph, Peter; Alas, Jesse; Daley, Timothy; Smith, Andrew D.; Dean, Matthew D. (2014).

4303:

can be a significant threat, especially to small populations; the already endangered Rice's whale was likely devastated by the

3878:

after 5–10 years, it will be 20 to 24 m (66 to 79 ft) long and possibly live as long as 80–90 years. Calves are born

793: 10057: 577:. Calves are typically born in the winter and spring months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Mothers 514:. Baleen whales can have streamlined or large bodies, depending on the feeding behavior, and two limbs that are modified into 12381: 10178: 10090: 10036: 10006: 9364: 9262: 9041: 9000: 8958: 8878: 8702: 8649: 8597: 8563: 8506: 8381: 8208: 7734: 7406: 7067: 6998: 6939: 6880: 6762: 5696: 5527: 5279: 5137: 5110: 4821: 4513: 4414: 4387: 4206: 1628:

assumed was an ironic reference to the animals' great size. An alternate name for the parvorder is "Mystacoceti" (from Greek

12368: 8404:

Fortune, Sarah M. E.; Trites, Andrew W.; Perryman, Wayne L.; Moore, Michael J.; Pettis, Heather M.; Lynn, Morgan S. (2012).

3809:. Some baleen whales will deliberately rub themselves on substrate to dislodge parasites. Some species of barnacle, such as 3649:, a bony capsule. However, this is attached to the skull, suggesting that vibrations passing through the bone is important. 3503:. Their intestinal tract is highly adapted to absorb the most nutrients from food; the walls are folded and contain copious 3053:). In baleen whales, it is thought that enlarged mouths adapted for suction feeding evolved before specializations for bulk 1640:"whale"), which, although obviously more appropriate and occasionally used in the past, has been superseded by "Mysticeti" ( 820: 9615:

Melcón, Mariana L.; Cummins, Amanda J.; Kerosky, Sara M.; Roche, Lauren K.; Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A. (2012).

7118:"Discovery of a low frequency sound source in Mysticeti (baleen whales): anatomical establishment of a vocal fold homolog" 4226: 1686: 934: 9858:"The California gray whale: papers presented at the California Gray Whale Workshop, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" 3352:

that coats teeth and bones, whereas minke whales have 1–4% hydroxyapatite. In most mammals, keratin structures, such as

3805:. However, in doing so it does not harm nor benefit the whale, so their relationship is often labeled as an example of 1351: 954: 5639:"Morphological and Molecular Evidence for a Stepwise Evolutionary Transition from Teeth to Baleen in Mysticete Whales" 4068:

and blubber by aboriginal groups; they used baleen for baskets or roofing, and made tools and masks out of bones. The

3204:; this sacrifices speed for stability in the water. The hind legs are enclosed inside the body, and are thought to be 10277: 9831: 9779: 7091: 7033: 6725: 4822:"Histoire évolutive des Cetartiodactyla (Mammalia, Laurasiatheria) racontée par l'analyse des génomes mitochondriaux" 4644: 2938:

built for tearing. These early mysticetes were exceedingly small compared to modern baleen whales, with species like

897: 9857: 9353:"Whaling in the Antarctic: Protecting Rights in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Through International Litigation" 8613: 8118: 12451: 11317: 8309:

W. Rice, D. (1977). "Synopsis of biological data on the sei whale and Bryde's whale in the eastern North Pacific".

7204:"Hearing from the ocean and into the river: the evolution of the inner ear of Platanistoidea (Cetacea: Odontoceti)" 7014: 4111: 3281:

that separates the blowholes has two plugs attached to it, making the blowholes water-tight while the whale dives.

522:

is the fastest baleen whale, recorded swimming at 10 m/s (36 km/h; 22 mph). Baleen whales use their

9285: 8718: 8286: 6693:"Morphology and Development of Blue Whale Baleen: An Annotated Translation of Tycho Tullberg's Classic 1883 Paper" 1024: 12407: 11299: 7318: 7242: 7158: 6948: 5213: 5076: 4080:

in the 16th century in search of right whales. 18th and 19th century whalers hunted down whales mainly for their

3188:

When swimming, baleen whales rely on their flippers for locomotion in a wing-like manner similar to penguins and

10107:

Goldbogen, J. A.; Calambokidis, J.; Oleson, E.; Potvin, J.; Pyenson, N. D.; Schorr, G.; Shadwick, R. E. (2011).

6311: 4474: 12023: 8099: 4254: 4246: 4245:, object to Japan's scientific whaling, with some calling it a substitute for commercial whaling. In 2014, the 3550: 9157:

Barnes, R. H. (1996). "Lamakera, Solor. Ethnographic Notes on a Muslim Whaling Village of Eastern Indonesia".

8821: 8801:

Stone Age people may have started hunting whales as early as 6,000 BC, new evidence from South Korea suggests.

6964: 6896: 6295: 3433:

will drop to 4 to 15 bpm to conserve oxygen. Like toothed whales, they have a dense network of blood vessels (

330: 12389: 11440: 11165: 11156: 10109:"Mechanics, hydrodynamics and energetics of blue whale lunge feeding: efficiency dependence on krill density" 9114: 3148: 990: 766: 8669: 4233:

and Iceland; it is thought that the entire stock consists of only ten individuals, making the eastern stock

11969: 10986: 10977: 10909: 8081: 6612: 6596: 5461:"The extinct baleen whale fauna from the Miocene–Pliocene of Belgium and the diagnostic cetacean ear bones" 5028:"Whole-genome sequencing of the blue whale and other rorquals finds signatures for introgressive gene flow" 4084:, which was used as lamp fuel and a lubricant, and baleen (or whalebone), which was used for items such as 3676:. Baleen whales have few if any taste buds, suggesting they have lost their sense of taste. They do retain 1621: 1142: 10077:

Feldhamer, George A.; Drickamer, Lee; Vessey, Stephen C.; Merritt, Joseph H.; Krajewski, Carey F. (2015).

9944: 8008:

Ford, John K. B.; Reeves, Randall R. (2008). "Fight or flight: antipredator strategies of baleen whales".

6692: 4277: 4134: 1314:

Phylogeny of baleen whales according to a 2019 analysis by McGowen and colleagues, with the Bryde's whale

12376: 12288: 12068: 11996: 11207: 11174: 10936: 9809: 7561:

Sanders, Jon G.; Beichman, Annabel C.; Roman, Joe; Scott, Jarrod J.; Emerson, David; McCarthy, James J.;

4304: 4154: 2954:

and others like it suggests that baleen evolution went through several transitional phases. Species like

9224: 4862: 12154: 12101: 12092: 11019: 10427: 9199: 4531:"More DNA support for a Cetacea/Hippopotamidae clade: the blood-clotting protein gene gamma-fibrinogen" 4340: 4265: 4102: 4092:. The most successful whaling nations at this time were the Netherlands, Japan, and the United States. 3573:. The muscles surrounding the larynx may expel air rapidly or maintain a constant volume while diving. 3496: 3104:

is not well-preserved in these specimens, they are thought to have had baleen and been filter feeders.

1214: 1193: 816: 604: 129: 2964:

had both baleen and teeth, suggesting they had limited filter feeding capabilities; later genera like

145: 12456: 12417: 11987: 11942: 11910: 11901: 11886: 11877: 11727: 11326: 11183: 10436: 4073: 3621:

The mysticete ear is adapted for hearing underwater, where it can hear sound frequencies as low as 7

836: 640: 17: 10187: 10099: 10045: 10015: 9929: 9882: 9697: 9667: 9598: 9373: 9271: 9177: 9050: 9009: 8967: 8711: 8606: 8572: 8515: 8442: 8390: 8279: 8217: 8183: 8022: 7743: 7615: 7480: 7415: 7311: 7076: 7007: 6889: 6820: 6771: 6718: 6677: 6523: 5985: 5705: 5671: 5445: 5288: 5206: 5146: 4895: 4805: 4563: 4229:

was extirpated from much of its former range, which stretched from the coast of North Africa to the

3340:

plates. They are made of a calcified, hard α-keratin material, a fiber-reinforced structure made of

12125: 12116: 12050: 12014: 11978: 11951: 11827: 11500: 11449: 11234: 10819: 6503:

Goldbogen, Jeremy A. (March–April 2010). "The Ultimate Mouthful: Lunge Feeding in Rorqual Whales".

5884:"A bizarre new toothed mysticete (Cetacea) from Australia and the early evolution of baleen whales" 5162:"Passive versus active engulfment: verdict from trajectory simulations of lunge-feeding fin whales 4292: 4285: 3815:

and whale barnacles, attach to the baleen plates, though this seldom occurs. A species of copepod,

3638: 3519: 620: 527: 9754:

Group), Randall Reeves (IUCN SSC Cetacean Specialist; Corkeron, Peter; Rosel, Patty (2017-06-28).

11836: 11644: 10828: 8530: 4946:"Baleen Whale Phylogeny and a Past Extensive Radiation Event Revealed by SINE Insertion Analysis" 4170: 3963: 3446: 476: 9817:

Entanglement of Marine Species in Marine Debris with an Emphasis on Species in the United States

7567:"Baleen whales host a unique gut microbiome with similarities to both carnivores and herbivores" 6931: 6924: 3344:(proteins). The degree of calcification varies between species, with the sei whale having 14.5% 12479: 12443: 12228: 12041: 12005: 11960: 11845: 11653: 10730: 10712: 8017: 6735: 6445:"Stretchy nerves are an essential component of the extreme feeding mechanism of rorqual whales" 3086: 2862: 9352: 9029: 8992: 8986: 8982: 8948: 8692: 8623: 8587: 8553: 8488: 8128: 7722: 7457: 7394: 7057: 7027: 6988: 6870: 6321: 5686: 5517: 5267: 4580:

Rosel, P.E.; Wilcox, L.A.; Yamada, T.K.; Millin, K.D. (2021). "A new species of baleen whale (

4177:(Omura's whale). Species that live in polar habitats are vulnerable to the effects of ongoing 840: 12438: 11267: 11258: 10490: 10270: 10168: 10024: 9994: 8728: 8456:

A.R. Knowlton; S.D. Kraus; R.D. Kenney (1994). "Reproduction in North Atlantic right whales (

8371: 8324:

Aguilar, A.; Lockyer, C. H. (1987). "Growth, physical maturity, and mortality of fin whales (

8296: 8198: 8112: 7328: 7252: 7168: 7043: 6974: 6958: 6909: 6752: 6622: 6606: 6305: 5226: 5127: 5089: 4377: 4158: 4139: 3483:

liquid, which is then squirted into the main stomach. Like in humans, the food is mixed with

3341: 2994: 1473: 498:

Baleen whales range in size from the 6 m (20 ft) and 3,000 kg (6,600 lb)

12430: 10078: 9682: 9250: 8638: 12324: 12275: 11736: 11662: 10900: 10418: 10204: 9720: 9628: 9528: 9422: 7962: 7909: 7862: 7799: 7685: 7638: 7578: 7525: 7215: 6801: 6549: 6456: 6396: 6240: 6187: 6127:"Independent evolution of baleen whale gigantism linked to Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics" 6076: 6005:"Independent evolution of baleen whale gigantism linked to Plio-Pleistocene ocean dynamics" 5736: 5593: 5472: 5366: 5039: 4682: 4593: 4234: 4022: 3887: 3570: 3228: 1667: 1343: 950: 789: 562: 9191:

O'Connor, S.; Campbell, R.; Cortez, H.; Knowles, T. (2009). "Whale Watching and Whaling".

6785:

Panigada, Simone; Zanardelli, Margherita; Canese, Simonepietro; Jahoda, Maddalena (1999).

4547: 4530: 3723: 1081: 8: 12266: 12077: 12032: 11745: 11473: 10960: 10876: 10867: 10739: 10249: 10053: 9409:

Gales, Nicholas J.; Kasuya, Toshio; Clapham, Phillip J.; Brownell, Jr, Robert L. (2005).

6786: 6088: 4336: 4332: 4202: 4182: 4129: 3899: 3865: 3581: 3245: 3131: 2911: 2897: 1832: 616: 596: 538:. Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths. They have a layer of fat, or 10216: 10208: 9724: 9632: 9532: 9426: 9132: 8784: 8355:

Ohsumi, S. (1977). "Bryde's whales in the pelagic whaling ground of the North Pacific".

8045:

Dicken, M. L.; Kock, A. A.; Hardenberg, M. (2014). "First observations of dusky sharks (

7966: 7913: 7866: 7803: 7689: 7642: 7582: 7529: 7265:

Yamato, Maya; Ketten, Darlene R.; Arruda, Julie; Cramer, Scott; Moore, Kathleen (2012).

7219: 6805: 6553: 6460: 6400: 6244: 6191: 6080: 5740: 5597: 5476: 5370: 5043: 4871:

recently in the coastal area of Japan (1990–2005), especially from the skull shape]

4864:日本沿岸域に近年（1990–2005 年）出現したコククジラEschrichtius robustus の骨学的特徴，特に頭骨形状から見た北太平洋西部系群と東部系群交流の可能性 4686: 4597: 3786:

attacked a humpback whale calf. Usually, the only shark that will attack a whale is the

3602:'s size to prevent damage to the eye. As opposed to land mammals which have a flattened 1362:) whales are more closely related to each other than to the North Atlantic right whale ( 595:

The meat, blubber, baleen, and oil of baleen whales have traditionally been used by the

12216: 12059: 11524: 11515: 11282: 11091: 11082: 11067: 11058: 10918: 10852: 10843: 10787: 10778: 10481: 10138: 9651: 9616: 9582: 9555: 9446: 9193:

Whale Watching Worldwide: tourism numbers, expenditures and expanding economic benefits

9166: 8766: 8431: 8263: 8232: 8167: 8142: 7985: 7946: 7874: 7830: 7787: 7757: 7755: 7753: 7703: 7599: 7566: 7543: 7367: 7342: 7295: 7266: 7231: 7147: 6661: 6636: 6573: 6482: 6420: 6360: 6335: 6272: 6213: 6151: 6126: 6037: 6004: 5969: 5944: 5908: 5883: 5821: 5796: 5762: 5619: 5498: 5434: 5415:"The taxonomic and evolutionary history of fossil and modern balaenopteroid mysticetes" 5387: 5354: 5332: 5190: 5161: 5060: 5027: 4926: 4789: 4760: 4706: 4650: 4636: 4609: 4455: 4344: 4166: 4162: 4039: 4021:. Because of this, it is thought that baleen whales, or at least humpback whales, have 3935: 3891: 3787: 3422: 3270: 3201: 3139:

diet like modern baleen whales. Baleen whales experienced their first radiation in the

3109: 2906: 2873: 2719: 2660: 2590: 1710:

Baleen whales vary considerably in size and shape, depending on their feeding behavior.

1592: 1465: 930: 624: 558: 535: 531: 511: 484: 337: 140: 133: 9756:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Balaenoptera edeni Gulf of Mexico subpopulation" 6847: 1698:

preferring them over other species; they were essentially the "right whale" to catch.

12425: 12311: 11925: 11607: 11598: 11010: 10927: 10638: 10629: 10237: 10174: 10155: 10130: 10086: 10065: 10032: 10002: 9736: 9732: 9656: 9587: 9540: 9438: 9360: 9258: 9037: 8996: 8954: 8884: 8874: 8758: 8698: 8645: 8593: 8559: 8502: 8377: 8268: 8204: 8172: 8031: 7990: 7927: 7878: 7835: 7817: 7730: 7654: 7604: 7402: 7372: 7300: 7235: 7139: 7063: 6994: 6935: 6876: 6851: 6758: 6666: 6565: 6474: 6424: 6412: 6365: 6264: 6256: 6205: 6156: 6100: 6092: 6042: 6024: 5974: 5913: 5826: 5754: 5692: 5660: 5611: 5565: 5544: 5523: 5490: 5414: 5392: 5275: 5195: 5133: 5106: 5065: 5008: 4967: 4843: 4794: 4729: 4698: 4694: 4654: 4640: 4613: 4552: 4509: 4447: 4410: 4383: 3661: 3650: 3484: 3414: 3386: 3365: 3364:

Unlike other whales (and most other mammals), the females are larger than the males.

3297: 3035: 2999: 2404: 1824: 893: 685: 636: 566: 515: 507: 499: 464: 10142: 8435: 7788:"Oral cavity hydrodynamics and drag production in Balaenid whale suspension feeding" 7750: 7151: 6486: 6217: 5766: 5623: 5502: 5336: 4930: 4888: 4459: 1163: 545:

Although baleen whales are widespread, most species prefer the colder waters of the

12316: 12168: 11860: 11782: 11773: 11763: 11482: 11423: 11308: 11139: 10535: 10517: 10508: 10263: 10212: 10150:

Rice, Dale W. (1998). "Marine mammals of the world: systematics and distribution".

10120: 9869: 9728: 9646: 9636: 9577: 9567: 9536: 9450: 9430: 8925: 8770: 8750: 8494: 8469: 8421: 8337: 8258: 8248: 8162: 8154: 8062: 8027: 7980: 7970: 7917: 7870: 7825: 7807: 7693: 7646: 7594: 7586: 7533: 7469: 7362: 7354: 7341:

Feng, Ping; Zheng, Jinsong; Rossiter, Stephen J.; Wang, Ding; Zhao, Huabin (2014).

7290: 7282: 7223: 7129: 6843: 6809: 6707: 6656: 6648: 6577: 6557: 6512: 6464: 6404: 6355: 6347: 6276: 6248: 6195: 6146: 6138: 6084: 6032: 6016: 6000: 5964: 5956: 5903: 5895: 5862: 5852: 5816: 5808: 5744: 5720: 5650: 5637:

Deméré, Thomas; McGowen, Michael R.; Annalisa Berta; John Gatesy (September 2007).

5601: 5560: 5480: 5426: 5382: 5374: 5324: 5248: 5185: 5177: 5055: 5047: 4998: 4957: 4918: 4884: 4833: 4784: 4776: 4710: 4690: 4632: 4601: 4542: 4439: 4351: 3918: 3557: 3500: 3480: 3458: 3426: 3357: 3205: 3160: 2711: 2628: 2560: 1748: 1545: 1481: 1433: 1209: 1109: 910: 657: 612: 471:

of baleen whales. While cetaceans were historically thought to have descended from

429: 360: 12280: 9556:"Compliance with vessel speed restrictions to protect North Atlantic right whales" 6252: 5846: 3718: 3515:

more concentrated than seawater, it wastes a lot of water which must be replaced.

3385:

is relatively low compared to terrestrial mammals because of the inability of the

2896:, but the earliest Mysticeti fossils date to at least 34 million years ago. Their 12293: 11243: 11225: 11216: 11106: 10721: 10703: 10685: 10553: 9641: 7812: 5438: 4404: 4281: 4150: 3875: 3673: 3611: 3450: 3314: 3019: 2644: 2574: 2475: 2082: 1951: 1782: 1449: 1441: 1315: 1158: 1138: 1096: 709: 669: 444: 395: 300: 262: 12394: 9832:"J.J. The Gray Whale Going To Sea – Rescued Orphan Calf Will Be Freed This Week" 8873:. National Historic Sites, Parks Service, Environment Canada. pp. 260–286. 8670:"The Largest Penis in the World – Both for humans and animals, size does matter" 8498: 7672:

Laidre, Kristin L.; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Nielsen, Torkel Gissel (2007).

3765: 1765: 1677: 561:), although the degree of polygyny varies with the species. Male strategies for 12204: 12192: 12180: 11124: 10891: 10763: 10754: 10601: 10592: 10324: 9969:

Kimura, S.; Nemoto, T. (1956). "Note on a minke whale kept alive in aquarium".

9493: 9464: 7650: 5252: 4838: 4250: 4189: 4178: 4174: 4106: 4044: 4018: 4014: 3848: 3798: 3695: 3669: 3646: 3603: 3556:

It is largely unknown how baleen whales produce sound because of the lack of a

3539: 3454: 3442: 3438: 3345: 3224: 3216: 3147:

activity when Antarctica and Australia separated from each other, creating the

3140: 3054: 3039: 2979: 2758: 2743: 2683: 2583:

Rorqual skeleton with unfused mandibular symphysis (split jaw) clearly visible

2567: 2218: 2043: 2034: 1788: 1656: 1641: 1522: 1489: 1020: 673: 589: 452: 310: 284: 121: 9198:(Report). International Fund for Animal Welfare. pp. 9–12. Archived from 6469: 6444: 6200: 6175: 5749: 5724: 5655: 5638: 5606: 5581: 5485: 5460: 5430: 5328: 5003: 4986: 4922: 4627:

Gatesy, J.; McGowen, M. R. (2021). "Higher level phylogeny of baleen whales".

3215:

Rorquals, needing to build speed to feed, have several adaptions for reducing

2579: 12473: 12251: 11717: 11542: 10945: 10670: 10619: 10386: 10377: 8888: 7931: 7882: 7821: 7562: 6711: 6260: 6096: 6028: 5851:. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. Vol. 93. pp. 313–356. 5494: 4733: 4296: 4149:(IUCN) recognizes 15 mysticete species (while not yet officially recognizing 3504: 3434: 3310: 3143:. It is thought this radiation was caused by global climate change and major 2427: 2411: 2385: 2184: 2121: 1926: 1918: 1807: 1682: 1597: 1530: 1391: 1335: 887: 762: 681: 488: 460: 440: 391: 295: 70: 10159: 10069: 8426: 8405: 8253: 5960: 4962: 4945: 3361:

called the "accessory plates". Accessory plates taper off into small hairs.

3208:. However, a 2014 study suggests that the pelvic bone serves as support for 12187: 11800: 11363: 11354: 11344: 10472: 10336: 10134: 9874: 9660: 9591: 9442: 8762: 8656:

the longest penis belongs to the blue whale at up to 2.4 m (8 ft)

8272: 8176: 8158: 7994: 7839: 7658: 7608: 7376: 7304: 7143: 6855: 6670: 6652: 6637:"Calcification provides mechanical reinforcement to whale baleen α-keratin" 6569: 6478: 6408: 6369: 6268: 6209: 6160: 6142: 6104: 6046: 6020: 5978: 5917: 5899: 5857: 5830: 5812: 5758: 5664: 5615: 5396: 5199: 5181: 5069: 5051: 5012: 4971: 4847: 4798: 4780: 4702: 4451: 4260: 4193: 4165:(the North Pacific right whale, the blue whale, and the sei whale), one as 4077: 3806: 3802: 3703: 3595: 3508: 3389:

to hold gas while diving. Doing so may cause serious complications such as

3318: 3278: 3091: 3078:

still had teeth, but the presence of a groove on the interior side of each

3070: 3065:

is short and the mouth enlarged, the rostrum is wide, and the edges of the

2927: 2881: 2651: 2619: 2605: 2516: 2499: 2459: 2443: 2392: 2376: 2050: 1935: 1879: 1838: 1526: 1412: 1399: 1374: 654: 323: 273: 256: 9740: 8694:

Wild mammals of North America : biology, management, and conservation

7975: 7473: 6416: 5848:

Cenozoic Mammals of Land and Sea: Tributes to the Career of Clayton E. Ray

5549:(Cetacea: Mysticeti), a toothed mysticete from the Oligocene of Australia" 4584:) from the Gulf of Mexico, with a review of its geographic distribution". 4556: 3882:, needing to be able to swim to the surface at the moment of their birth. 3175: 3048: 3045: 12350: 12303: 12260: 11561: 10802: 10401: 10330: 10255: 9681:

Reeves, Randal R.; Clapham, P.J. L.; Brownell, R.; K., Silber G. (1998).

8988:

Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the 20th Century

7358: 4010: 3944: 3860: 3844: 3811: 3783: 3779: 3770: 3630: 3591: 3382: 3381:

usually 80%, whereas humans only extract 20% of oxygen from inhaled air.

3220: 3209: 3097: 3085:

The first toothless ancestors of baleen whales appeared before the first

3003: 2972: 2966: 2901: 2727: 2524: 2467: 2419: 2329: 2176: 2117: 2090: 1894: 1771: 1724: 1369:

Cetotheriidae consists of only one living member: the pygmy right whale (

705: 665: 585: 436: 290: 197: 45: 9170: 7707: 7547: 7227: 6635:

J. Szewciw, L.; de Kerckhove, D. G.; Grime, G. W.; Fudge, D. S. (2010).

6561: 6516: 5378: 4307:, with some estimates indicating a decline of up to 22% in the species. 3437:) which prevents heat-loss. Like in most mammals, heat is lost in their 12342: 10577: 10568: 10526: 10367: 10125: 10108: 7590: 7538: 7513: 7182:"Appendix H: Marine Mammal Hearing and Sensitivity to Acoustic Impacts" 6813: 5867: 5026:Áranson, Úlfur; Lammers, Fritjof; Kumar, Vikas; Nilsson, Maria (2018). 4504:

Minasian, Stanley M.; Balcomb, Kenneth C.; Foster, Larry, eds. (1984).

4443: 4242: 4065: 4049: 3998: 3987: 3903: 3794: 3641:

is blocked by connective tissue and an ear plug, which connects to the

3634: 3561: 3535: 3527: 3461: 3430: 3369: 3293: 3189: 3074: 3011: 2985: 2960: 2946: 2940: 2885: 2765: 2656: 2549: 2491: 2483: 2451: 2435: 2336: 2304: 2280: 2250: 2144: 2136: 2113: 1982: 1975: 1966: 1958: 1942: 1902: 1886: 1858: 1754: 1663: 1497: 1457: 1076: 986: 749: 677: 661: 582: 574: 570: 554: 503: 492: 472: 456: 432: 305: 125: 90: 55: 12355: 9572: 8754: 7922: 7897: 7698: 7673: 7202:

Viglino, M.; Gaetán, M.; Buono, M.R.; Fordyce, R.E.; Park, T. (2021).

6351: 5636: 5270:. In Jones, Mary Lou; L. Swartz, Steven; Leatherwood, Stephen (eds.). 4605: 3475:

When sieved from the water, food is swallowed and travels through the

2998:

is the earliest mysticete, dating back to 37 to 33 million years ago (

2888:(toothed whales) between 26 and 17 million years ago between the late 1818: 112: 11818: 11680: 10544: 10499: 8691:

Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce C.; Chapman, Joseph A. (2003).

7343:"Massive losses of taste receptor genes in toothed and baleen whales" 7286: 7134: 7117: 6922:

Berne, Robert; Matthew, Levy; Koeppen, Bruce; Stanton, Bruce (2004).

6066: 5945:"Radiation of Extant Cetaceans Driven by Restructuring of the Oceans" 4300: 4269: 4230: 4089: 4081: 4056: 3895: 3879: 3731: 3677: 3665: 3626: 3615: 3476: 3429:(bpm), as opposed to the 60 to 100 bpm in humans. When diving, their 3394: 3306: 3285: 3263:

Paired blowholes of a humpback and the V-shaped blow of a right whale

3164: 3123: 3113: 3062: 3031: 3015: 2889: 2678: 2636: 2368: 2360: 2344: 2242: 2234: 2168: 2159: 2152: 2074: 2066: 2006: 1872: 1720: 1716: 1706: 1587: 1504:). In a 2012 review of cetacean taxonomy, Alexandre Hassanin (of the 1425: 1417: 1405: 1347: 1189: 1040: 650: 550: 519: 249: 230: 157: 95: 12222: 9997:. In F. Perrin, William; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. (eds.). 9434: 9078: 8845:"A Savage History: Whaling in the South Pacific and Southern Oceans" 8555:

Return to the Sea: The Life and Evolutionary Times of Marine Mammals

8473: 8406:"Growth and rapid early development of North Atlantic right whales ( 8341: 8066: 7203: 6691:

Fudge, Douglas S.; Szewciw, Lawrence J.; Schwalb, Astrid N. (2009).

5239:

Lockyer, C. (1976). "Body weights of some species of large whales".

4253:

judicial branch) banned the taking of whales for any purpose in the

3006:, and, like other early toothed mysticetes, or "archaeomysticetes", 1512:

be limited to the fin whale, have minke whales fall under the genus

534:, and are unable to turn their heads at all. Baleen whales have two 12245: 12199: 11579: 11552: 11464: 11405: 11198: 11001: 10318: 10306: 10244: 7514:"From wind to whales:: trophic links in a coastal upwelling system" 5685:

Vaughan, Terry A.; Ryan, James M.; Czaplewski, Nicholas J. (2011).

3840: 3832: 3531: 3523: 3492: 3390: 3144: 3079: 3066: 2935: 2919: 2541: 2533: 2210: 2014: 1998: 1732: 1652: 1386: 701: 646: 425: 414: 177: 85: 80: 65: 60: 50: 9255:

Defying Extinction – Partnerships to Safeguard Global Biodiversity

8455: 7945:

Ferguson, Steven H.; Higdon, Jeff W.; Westdal, Kristin H. (2012).

3468:

10 in) in diameter, as opposed to human's 7.1-micrometer (2.8

3410: 1610:, "the mouse, the whale so called") was mistakenly translated as " 12329: 11625: 11491: 11387: 11378: 11034: 10454: 10287: 10106: 9755: 9351:

H. Schofield, Clive; Lee, Seokwoo; Kwon, Moon-Sang, eds. (2014).

9190: 8487:

Duffus, John H.; Templeton, Douglas M.; Nordberg, Monica (2009).

7761: 5266:

Jones, Mary Lou; Swartz, Steven L.; Leatherwood, Stephen (1984).

4311: 4060: 3836: 3828: 3742: 3654: 3642: 3543: 3349: 3337: 3301: 3274: 3254: 3151:. Balaenopterids grew bigger during this time, with species like 3136: 3119: 3105: 2923: 2893: 2399: 2127: 1728: 1695: 1586:) apparently derives from a translation error in early copies of 1394:; Neobalaenidae was demoted to subfamily level as Neobalaeninae. 1330: 713: 697: 689: 600: 578: 539: 468: 448: 418: 410: 402: 207: 100: 75: 6634: 5413:

Deméré, Thomas A.; Berta, Annalisa; McGowen, Michael R. (2005).

4322: 4076:

started whaling as early as the 11th century, sailing as far as

3179:

A humpback whale skeleton. Notice how the jaw is split into two.

2867: 1350:

different. According to a study done by H. C. Rosenbaum (of the

688:). Balaenids are distinguished by their enlarged head and thick 11115: 10312: 10300: 10232: 7492: 7490: 7271:): A Potential Fatty Sound Reception Pathway in a Baleen Whale" 6176:"The Ecological Rise of Whales Chronicled by the Fossil Record" 4987:"Mitochondrial Phylogenetics and Evolution of Mysticete Whales" 4667: 4212: 4085: 3923: 3820: 3607: 3565: 3488: 3418: 3329: 3289: 3101: 2931: 1910: 1648: 1377:

resembling a smaller version of the right whale, and was named

546: 523: 502:

to the 31 m (102 ft) and 190 t (210 short tons)

421: 187: 167: 9408: 8328:) inhabiting the temperate waters of the northeast Atlantic". 6784: 6442: 6333: 1572: 1373:). The first descriptions date back to the 1840s of bones and 375: 11699: 11690: 11589: 9307: 8697:(2nd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 432. 7431:"A Gray Whale Breaks The Record For Longest Mammal Migration" 6539: 5582:"Gigantism precedes filter feeding in baleen whale evolution" 5516:

Jamieson, Barrie G. M. (2016-04-19). Miller, Debra L. (ed.).

5241:

Journal du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer

4198: 4069: 3738: 3622: 3599: 3512: 3400: 3227:), allowing the jaw to swing open at almost a 90° angle. The 3193: 2976:

indicates some lineages evolved toothlessness before baleen.

1672: 1655:

and other small organisms from the water. The term "baleen" (

1635: 1629: 1611: 1601: 693: 553:. Gray whales are specialized for feeding on bottom-dwelling 480: 406: 8740: 7895: 7767: 7671: 7487: 4740: 3069:

are thin, indicating an adaptation for suction feeding. The

11635: 11043: 9494:"Japan to resume whaling in Antarctic despite court ruling" 7898:"Role of the bowhead whale as a predator in West Greenland" 7896:

Laidre, KL; Heide-Jørgensen, MP; Nielsen, TG (2007-09-27).

7674:"Role of the bowhead whale as a predator in West Greenland" 6230: 5924: 5353:

Marx, Felix G.; Tsai, Cheng-Hsiu; Fordyce, R. Ewan (2015).

4382:(Second ed.). Princeton University Press. p. 19. 4153:

as a species, it still gives it a conservation status as a

3940: 3819:, inhabits baleen plates of whales. A species of Antarctic 3404:

The heart of a blue whale with a person standing next to it

3353: 1578: 366: 9329: 9065:

International Whaling Commission Schedule, paragraph 10(e)

8403: 7511: 6921: 5691:(5 ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 364. 5025: 4406:

Wild Blue: A Natural History of the World's Largest Animal

12175: 10668: 9614: 8953:. The University of California Press. pp. 220, 549. 8104: 8102: 7560: 7201: 6283: 5942: 4944:

Nikaido, Masato; Hamilton, Healy; Makino, Hitomi (2006).

4818: 4097: 3793:

Many parasites and epibiotics latch onto whales, notably

3324: 1563: 1554: 9469:"U.N. Court Orders Japan to Halt Whaling Off Antarctica" 8690: 7264: 7019: 7017: 6125:

Slater, G. J.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Pyenson, N. D. (2017).

5718: 5218: 5216: 5081: 5079: 3499:

the acid from the fore-stomach to prevent damage to the

3108:

baleen whales were preyed upon by larger predators like

1662:, etc.) is an archaic word for "whale", which came from 611:. Besides hunting, baleen whales also face threats from 10350: 9710: 9680: 9554:

Silber, G. K.; Adams, J. D.; Fonnesbeck, C. J. (2014).

9083:

The IUCN Red List of Threatened species. Version 2013.1

8486: 8143:"Larval development and settlement of a whale barnacle" 7628: 6641:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

6383:

Bose, N.; Lien, J. (1989). "Propulsion of a fin whale (

6131:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

5159: 4579: 7951:) in Nunavut, Canada based on Inuit hunter interviews" 6124: 5998: 5265: 5160:

Potvin, J.; Goldbogen, J. A.; Shadwick, R. E. (2009).

4984: 3522:. Like other mammals, their brain has a large, folded 12152: 9553: 9286:"IUCN Species of the Day: North Atlantic Right Whale" 7947:"Prey items and predation behavior of killer whales ( 7944: 7507: 7505: 7340: 6901: 6899: 5684: 4943: 4508:. New York: The Smithsonian Institution. p. 18. 4503: 4123: 3680:

taste-buds suggesting that they can taste saltiness.

3284:

Like other mammals, the skin of baleen whales has an

3167:, causing high-prey-density zones, led to gigantism. 3014:

used for suction feeding. Archaeomysticetes from the

1647:

Mysticetes are also known as baleen whales for their

1569: 1557: 1548: 378: 9113:. World Wildlife Fund. pp. 9–10. Archived from 8044: 7852: 7729:. University of California Press. pp. 245–247. 7456:

Kellogg, Remington C.; Whitmore, Jr., Frank (1957).

7455: 6584: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6056: 5725:"Tooth Loss Precedes the Origin of Baleen in Whales" 4205:

that takes whales. Anti-whaling groups, such as the

3664:. This allows baleen whales to detect chemicals and 3421:, can be 1.9 centimeters (.75 in) thick. Their 1575: 1560: 372: 363: 9971:

Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute

9753: 9350: 8317: 6690: 1566: 1551: 369: 27:

Whales that strain food from the water using baleen

10058:"Syllabus of Lectures on Geology and Paleontology" 9895: 8637: 7502: 7092:"Sleeping Humpback Whale Captured In Rare Footage" 6993:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 100. 6923: 5412: 4673:: Questioning the number of right whale species". 4506:The World's Whales: The Complete Illustrated Guide 4201:(an island of Indonesia) is the only place of the 2958:had little to no baleen, while later species like 428:creatures from the water. Mysticeti comprises the 9896:Sumich, J. L.; Goff, T.; Perryman, W. L. (2001). 9819:. NOAA Marine Debris Report. 2014. pp. 9–10. 9518: 7115: 6053: 3978:Recording of Humpback Whales singing and clicking 542:, under the skin to keep warm in the cold water. 424:plates (or "whalebone") in their mouths to sieve 12471: 9693:. National Marine Fisheries Service. p. 42. 8946: 8231:Ólafsdóttir, Droplaug; Shinn, Andrew P. (2013). 8230: 7786:Potvin, Jean; Werth, Alexander J. (2017-04-11). 7191:. p. H-4, § Hearing in Mysticete Cetaceans. 6754:Diving Physiology of Marine Mammals and Seabirds 6498: 6496: 4723: 4429: 3694:(14,000 mi) from the Sea of Okhotsk to the 10195:Uhen, M. D. (2010). "The Origin(s) of Whales". 9023: 9021: 9019: 8819: 8558:. University of California Press. p. 121. 8140: 7723:"Feeding pattern of baleen whales in the ocean" 6875:(3rd ed.). Worth Publishers. p. 206. 6387:) : why the fin whale is a fast swimmer". 6336:"Sexual selection targets cetacean pelvic bone" 5519:Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Cetaceans 5352: 5105:. Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. 4181:, particularly declines in sea ice, as well as 3854: 3722:Humpback whales lunge-feeding in the course of 3585:Their eyes are relatively small for their size. 3397:which allows them to hold their breath longer. 1701: 8871:Basque whaling in Labrador in the 16th century 8357:Report of the International Whaling Commission 8323: 8311:Report of the International Whaling Commission 8233:"Epibiotic macrofauna on common minke whales, 8141:Nogata, Yasuyuki; Matsumura, Kiyotaka (2006). 6833: 5408: 5406: 4147:International Union for Conservation of Nature 3610:is surrounded by a reflective layer of cells ( 3564:. In a 2007 study, it was discovered that the 3464:) of any mammal, measuring 10 micrometers (4.1 3356:, air-dry, but aquatic whales rely on calcium 1620:, "the Mysticetus"), which D. W. Rice (of the 609:International Union for Conservation of Nature 10271: 10197:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 9945:"Rescued Whale J.J. Begins Long Journey Home" 9463: 9034:Marine Environmental Biology and Conservation 8820:Marrero, Meghan E.; Thornton, Stuart (2011). 6493: 5843: 5274:. Elsevier Science. pp. 33–34, 423–424. 4626: 3790:, which leaves a small, non-fatal bite mark. 9968: 9617:"Blue Whales Respond to Anthropogenic Noise" 9036:. Jones and Bartlett Learning. p. 328. 9016: 7392: 6535: 6533: 5778: 5776: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5129:Leviathan: The History of Whaling in America 4860: 4575: 4573: 4295:(PCB) is generally low because of their low 4216:A protest against Japan's scientific whaling 3660:Baleen whales have a small, yet functional, 3518:Baleen whales have a relatively small brain 2922:capabilities. Its jaw contained teeth, with 1861:" signs denote extinct families and genera. 526:to filter out food from the water by either 8815: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8661: 8493:. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 171. 8480: 8373:Biology and Exploitation of the Minke Whale 8348: 7785: 7195: 6746: 6744: 5579: 5403: 4758: 4752: 4369: 4227:eastern stock of North Atlantic right whale 4028: 3760: 3645:. The inner-ear bones are contained in the 10285: 10278: 10264: 9856:Hubbs, Carl L.; Evans, E. William (1974). 9855: 8991:. W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. pp. 8923: 8586:Evans, Peter G. H.; Raga, Juan A. (2001). 8528: 8007: 7267:"The Auditory Anatomy of the Minke Whale ( 7116:Reidenberg, J. S.; Laitman, J. T. (2007). 6990:Clinical Hematology: Theory and Procedures 6757:. Cambridge University Press. p. 39. 5881: 5794: 5542: 4724:Cousteau, Jacques; Paccalet, Yves (1986). 4485:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology 4479:: North Atlantic right whale: Information" 4472: 4402: 530:or skim-feeding. Baleen whales have fused 111: 11771: 11725: 10124: 10083:Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology 10076: 10022: 9992: 9898:"Growth of two captive gray whale calves" 9873: 9650: 9640: 9610: 9608: 9581: 9571: 9225:"Gray Whale Removed From Endangered List" 8724: 8619: 8585: 8425: 8292: 8262: 8252: 8166: 8124: 8108: 8021: 7984: 7974: 7921: 7829: 7811: 7773: 7697: 7598: 7537: 7496: 7388: 7386: 7366: 7324: 7294: 7248: 7164: 7133: 7089: 7039: 7023: 6954: 6868: 6836:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 6731: 6660: 6530: 6502: 6468: 6359: 6317: 6301: 6289: 6199: 6150: 6036: 5999:Slater, Graham J.; Goldbogen, Jeremy A.; 5968: 5930: 5907: 5866: 5856: 5820: 5797:"Archaeocete-like jaws in a baleen whale" 5773: 5748: 5654: 5605: 5564: 5553:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 5484: 5386: 5348: 5346: 5295: 5222: 5189: 5085: 5059: 5002: 4961: 4837: 4788: 4746: 4570: 4546: 4423: 4396: 4310:Some baleen whales can become victims of 4138:Japanese scientific whaling on a pair of 3057:. In the toothed Oligocene mammalodontid 487:(Artiodactyla). Baleen whales split from 9222: 8806: 8589:Marine Mammals: Biology and Conservation 7393:Lockyer, C. J. H.; Brown, S. G. (1981). 6750: 6741: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6382: 5515: 5268:"A Review of Gray Whale Feeding Ecology" 4812: 4321: 4291:Poisoning from toxic substances such as 4259: 4211: 4133: 4055:Whaling by humans has existed since the 4043: 3939: 3864: 3764: 3717: 3580: 3538:particles, which may allow them to find 3399: 3323: 3174: 3118: 2978: 2866: 2659: 2578: 1705: 11550: 9027: 8980: 8947:Tonnessen, J. N.; Johnsen, A.O (1982). 8635: 8592:. Plenum Publishers. pp. 221–223. 8369: 8308: 8302: 7062:. Transaction Publishers. p. 314. 6986: 6173: 5522:. Vol. 7. CRC Press. p. 111. 5458: 5238: 4759:Fordyce, R. E.; Marx, Felix G. (2012). 4661: 2914:. While, unlike a modern baleen whale, 2880:Molecular phylogeny suggests Mysticeti 2856: 1694:Right whales got their name because of 1381:. In 1864, it was moved into the genus 1318:expanded following Rosel et al (2021). 607:is ranked critically endangered by the 14: 12472: 11688: 10627: 10166: 9605: 9156: 9103: 8868: 8822:"Big Fish: A Brief History of Whaling" 8667: 8531:"Patented harpoon pins down whale age" 8354: 7720: 7383: 6970: 6905: 6618: 6602: 6590: 5723:; Marshall, C. D.; Uhe, M. D. (2018). 5343: 5170:Journal of the Royal Society Interface 4978: 4528: 4379:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 3598:zones by increasing or decreasing the 3590:eye is adapted for seeing both in the 3534:on the brains of gray whales revealed 12227: 12226: 10667: 10349: 10259: 9942: 9829: 9411:"Japan's whaling plan under scrutiny" 9248: 9130: 8926:"British Arctic whaling: an overview" 8836: 8551: 8196: 7462:Geological Society of America Memoirs 7433:. National Geographic. Archived from 6431: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6114: 5272:The Gray Whale: Eschrichtius robustus 5125: 4548:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025790 4497: 4207:International Fund for Animal Welfare 4072:hunt whales in the Arctic Ocean. The 4033: 2910:was discovered in the early 1990s in 2904:) remained unknown until the extinct 1354:) and colleagues, the North Pacific ( 12418:f8f8734d-6b17-4ffb-a5f5-edce9d0eeffb 11587: 10194: 10149: 10052: 10029:Mammal Anatomy: An Illustrated Guide 9057: 8842: 8743:The Journal of Comparative Neurology 8237:Lacépède, 1804, in Icelandic waters" 8203:. Orca Book Publishing. p. 62. 7055: 6872:Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 6089:10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-033905 5782: 5580:Fordyce, R. E.; Marx, F. G. (2018). 5314: 5132:. W.W. Norton & Co. p. 22. 5095: 4908: 4376:Paul, Gregory S. (25 October 2016). 4375: 4173:(Antarctic minke whale), and one as 3606:, whales have a spherical lens. The 1625: 1506:Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 479:evidence instead supports them as a 222: 11633: 10217:10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152453 9760:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 9067:. International Whaling Commission. 8785:"Rock art hints at whaling origins" 8086:ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research 7428: 5545:"The morphology and systematics of 5465:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4403:Bortolotti, Dan (14 October 2008). 3653:may reflect vibrations towards the 3375: 3235: 1324:Balaenidae consists of two genera: 708:are now classified under the order 24: 10085:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 10031:. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 9332:. International Whaling Commission 9310:. International Whaling Commission 8079: 7875:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00024.x 6869:Nelson, D. L.; Cox, M. M. (2008). 6787:"How deep can baleen whales dive?" 6389:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 6111: 5019: 4937: 4902: 4769:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 4637:10.1016/b978-0-12-818969-6.00001-7 4124:Conservation and management issues 3952: 3135:specialized benthic, plankton, or 1660:baleyn, ballayne, ballien, bellane 1397:Rorquals consist of three genera ( 1352:American Museum of Natural History 25: 12496: 12485:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope 11300:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( 10225: 9133:"Whale watching 'worth billions'" 7189:Atlantic G&G Programmatic EIS 5103:Shorter Oxford English dictionary 3332:plates taper off into small hairs 3273:, are situated at the top of the 3034:. They were small with shortened 719: 12210: 12198: 12186: 12174: 12162: 10243: 10231: 10186: 10098: 10044: 10014: 9962: 9936: 9928: 9889: 9881: 9849: 9823: 9802: 9772: 9747: 9713:Science of the Total Environment 9704: 9696: 9685:Recovery plan for the blue whale 9674: 9666: 9597: 9547: 9541:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00098.x 9512: 9486: 9457: 9402: 9380: 9372: 9344: 9322: 9300: 9278: 9270: 9242: 9216: 9184: 9176: 9150: 9124: 9097: 9071: 9049: 9008: 8974: 8966: 8940: 8917: 8895: 8862: 8777: 8734: 8710: 8684: 8629: 8605: 8579: 8571: 8545: 8522: 8514: 8449: 8441: 8397: 8389: 8363: 8278: 8224: 8216: 8190: 8182: 8134: 8032:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00118.x 7742: 7614: 7479: 7414: 7310: 7075: 7006: 6888: 6819: 6770: 6717: 6676: 6522: 5984: 5888:Proceedings of the Royal Society 5882:Fitzgerald, Erich M. G. (2006). 5795:Fitzgerald, Erich M. G. (2012). 5704: 5670: 5566:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00572.x 5444: 5287: 5205: 5145: 4894: 4804: 4695:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01066.x 4562: 4112:International Whaling Commission 3986:Problems playing this file? See 3968: 3336:The baleen of baleen whales are 3253: 3244: 1831: 1817: 1800: 1781: 1764: 1747: 1544: 1542:The taxonomic name "Mysticeti" ( 1213: 1192: 1162: 1141: 1080: 1043: 1023: 989: 953: 933: 896: 839: 819: 792: 765: 597:indigenous peoples of the Arctic 359: 144: 43: 11441:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise ( 11318:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin ( 11166:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin ( 11157:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ( 10113:Journal of Experimental Biology 9357:Limits of Maritime Jurisdiction 9079:"Keyword search: Baleen whales" 8073: 8038: 8001: 7938: 7889: 7846: 7779: 7714: 7665: 7622: 7554: 7449: 7422: 7334: 7258: 7174: 7109: 7083: 7049: 6980: 6915: 6862: 6827: 6778: 6684: 6628: 6376: 6327: 6224: 6167: 6069:Annual Review of Marine Science 5992: 5936: 5875: 5837: 5788: 5712: 5678: 5630: 5573: 5543:Fitzgerald, Erich M.G. (2010). 5536: 5509: 5452: 5259: 5232: 5153: 5119: 4950:Molecular Biology and Evolution 4889:10.11238/mammalianscience.54.73 4861:Nakamura, G.; Kato, H. (2014). 4854: 4717: 4535:Molecular Biology and Evolution 4317: 4161:. Three more are classified as 4004: 3633:whose hearing is optimized for 3163:increase in seasonally intense 1741:The three baleen whale families 653:Mysticeti, and consist of four 510:to have ever existed. They are 10987:Southern right whale dolphin ( 10978:Northern right whale dolphin ( 10910:Atlantic white-sided dolphin ( 10001:(2 ed.). Academic Press. 9999:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 9985: 9253:. In Fitzpatrick, Lisa (ed.). 8055:Marine and Freshwater Research 8049:) attacking a humpback whale ( 7902:Marine Ecology Progress Series 7678:Marine Ecology Progress Series 7631:Journal of Theoretical Biology 7518:Marine Ecology Progress Series 6794:Marine Ecology Progress Series 5419:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 5317:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 4911:Journal of Mammalian Evolution 4620: 4522: 4466: 4268:after it collided with a ship 4255:Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary 4247:International Court of Justice 3551:unihemispheric slow-wave sleep 3472:10 in) blood corpuscles. 2900:to archaic toothed cetaceans ( 619:. It has been speculated that 13: 1: 12024:Deraniyagala's beaked whale ( 11997:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale ( 11208:Pantropical spotted dolphin ( 11175:Australian humpback dolphin ( 10937:Pacific white-sided dolphin ( 9788:Office of Protected Resources 9780:"North Atlantic Right Whale ( 9257:. Earth in Focus. p. 7. 8950:The History of Modern Whaling 8636:Glenday, Craig (2015-09-01). 8376:. CRC Press. pp. 72–80. 8200:Gray Whales: Wandering Giants 8082:"Squaliformes Dogfish Sharks" 7090:Mosbergen, Dominique (2014). 6848:10.1016/S1095-6433(00)00182-3 6253:10.1126/science.290.5500.2288 6174:Pyenson, Nicholas D. (2017). 4765:: the last of the cetotheres" 4473:Crane, J.; Scott, R. (2002). 4357: 3929: 3919:largest penis of any organism 3445:. This is otherwise known as 3149:Antarctic Circumpolar Current 11020:Australian snubfin dolphin ( 10428:North Atlantic right whale ( 10152:Society for Marine Mammalogy 10023:Cavendish, Marshall (2010). 9995:"Baleen Whales (Mysticetes)" 9911:(3): 231–233. Archived from 9733:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90087-6 9642:10.1371/journal.pone.0032681 8924:Stonehouse, Bernard (2007). 8905:. New Bedford Whaling Museum 7813:10.1371/journal.pone.0175220 7401:. CUP Archive. p. 111. 7347:Genome Biology and Evolution 6340:Journal of Organic Evolution 4362: 4017:, which, in humans, control 3869:Female right whale with calf 3855:Reproduction and development 3688: 3126:hunted Miocene baleen whales 1702:Differences between families 1622:Society for Marine Mammalogy 1537: 1346:(different skull shape) and 7: 11970:Blainville's beaked whale ( 11911:Tropical bottlenose whale ( 11887:Southern bottlenose whale ( 11878:Northern bottlenose whale ( 11327:Common bottlenose dolphin ( 11184:Atlantic humpback dolphin ( 10437:North Pacific right whale ( 10167:Tinker, Spencer W. (1988). 9993:Bannister, John L. (2008). 9330:"Scientific Permit Whaling" 9030:"Conservation of Cetaceans" 8529:Leigh Haag, Amanda (2007). 8499:10.1039/9781847559753-00013 8462:Canadian Journal of Zoology 8370:Horwood, Joseph W. (1990). 8330:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4669:genetic differentiation of 4305:Deepwater Horizon oil spill 4155:distinct population segment 3713: 3683: 3520:compared to their body mass 630: 588:, notably the songs of the 10: 12501: 12069:Stejneger's beaked whale ( 11450:Yangtze finless porpoise ( 11235:Atlantic spotted dolphin ( 10820:Short-finned pilot whale ( 9467:; Simons, Marlise (2014). 9390:. Greenpeace International 8644:. Guinness World Records. 8235:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 7651:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.08.026 7269:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6930:. Elsevier Mosby. p. 6751:Ponganis, Paul J. (2015). 5359:Royal Society Open Science 4839:10.1016/j.crvi.2011.11.002 4341:Marina del Rey, California 4282:acoustic shadowing effects 4266:North Atlantic right whale 4127: 4048:World population graph of 4037: 3933: 3858: 3170: 2860: 1681:, derived itself from the 1651:, which they use to sieve 1636: 1630: 1612: 1602: 817:North Atlantic right whale 634: 605:North Atlantic right whale 467:). There are currently 16 130:North Atlantic right whale 12235: 12114: 12102:Shepherd's beaked whale ( 12090: 11923: 11899: 11858: 11816: 11799: 11762: 11716: 11679: 11645:Araguaian river dolphin ( 11624: 11578: 11541: 11513: 11462: 11421: 11404: 11376: 11352: 11343: 11280: 11256: 11196: 11137: 11104: 11080: 11056: 11032: 10999: 10958: 10889: 10865: 10841: 10829:Long-finned pilot whale ( 10800: 10776: 10752: 10701: 10684: 10680: 10663: 10618: 10590: 10566: 10470: 10453: 10399: 10375: 10366: 10362: 10345: 10295: 8313:. Special Issue 1: 92–97. 7395:"The Migration of Whales" 7059:The Natural Law of Cycles 6987:Turgeon, Mary L. (2004). 6470:10.1016/j.cub.2015.03.007 6201:10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.001 5750:10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.047 5656:10.1080/10635150701884632 5607:10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.027 5486:10.1080/14772011003594961 5431:10.1007/s10914-005-6944-3 5329:10.1007/s10914-010-9148-4 5004:10.1080/10635150590905939 4923:10.1007/s10914-010-9148-4 4343:, where it was rushed to 4326:A gray whale in captivity 3917:. The blue whale has the 3576: 3183: 3100:of the snout. Though the 1207: 1187: 1156: 1136: 1129: 1122: 1107: 1100: 1074: 1067: 1038: 1018: 1011: 1004: 984: 977: 948: 928: 921: 914: 891: 881: 837:North Pacific right whale 834: 814: 807: 787: 780: 760: 753: 743: 736: 641:List of extinct cetaceans 343: 336: 329: 322: 236: 229: 141:Scientific classification 139: 120:Clockwise from top left: 119: 110: 34: 11988:Gervais's beaked whale ( 11943:Sowerby's beaked whale ( 11654:Bolivian river dolphin ( 9500:. Associated Press. 2015 9223:Clifford, Frank (1994). 9028:Beckman, Daniel (2013). 8843:Ford, Catherine (2015). 8552:Berta, Annalisa (2012). 7721:Steele, John H. (1970). 6712:10.1578/AM.35.2.2009.226 5253:10.1093/icesjms/36.3.259 5126:Dolin, Eric Jay (2007). 4863: 4826:Comptes Rendus Biologies 4293:polychlorinated biphenyl 4169:(the fin whale), one as 4029:Relationship with humans 3761:Predation and parasitism 2983:Archaeomysticetes, like 1095:Bryde's whale 565:vary between performing 12126:Cuvier's beaked whale ( 12051:Perrin's beaked whale ( 12015:Hector's beaked whale ( 11979:Ramari's beaked whale ( 11952:Andrews' beaked whale ( 11828:Arnoux's beaked whale ( 11501:Burmeister's porpoise ( 11268:Rough-toothed dolphin ( 10692:(Oceanic dolphins) 10491:Antarctic minke whale ( 9862:Marine Fisheries Review 9687:(Balaenoptera musculus) 9131:Black, Richard (2009). 8981:McNeill, J. R. (2000). 8668:Anitei, Stefan (2007). 8427:10.1644/11-MAMM-A-297.1 8254:10.1186/1756-3305-6-105 8241:Parasites & Vectors 7397:. In Aidley, D. (ed.). 7056:Bunn, James H. (2014). 5459:Steeman, M. E. (2010). 4761:"The pygmy right whale 4352:Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan 4223:endangered species list 4059:. Ancient whalers used 3447:countercurrent exchange 3153:Balaenoptera sibbaldina 3089:in the late Oligocene. 2930:built for stabbing and 2769:(existence unconfirmed) 1416:) and ten species: the 491:(Odontoceti) around 34 11837:Baird's beaked whale ( 11737:Ganges river dolphin ( 11663:Amazon river dolphin ( 11044:Orca or killer whale ( 10968:(Right whale dolphins) 10901:White-beaked dolphin ( 10419:Southern right whale ( 9875:10.5962/bhl.title.4029 9359:. Brill. p. 527. 9251:"Southern Right Whale" 9104:Elliot, Wendy (2007). 8490:Concepts in Toxicology 8197:Busch, Robert (1998). 8159:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0409 8051:Megaptera novaeangliae 6653:10.1098/rspb.2010.0399 6409:10.1098/rspb.1989.0043 6143:10.1098/rspb.2017.0546 6021:10.1098/rspb.2017.0546 5900:10.1098/rspb.2006.3664 5858:10.5479/si.00810266.93 5813:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0690 5182:10.1098/rsif.2008.0492 5052:10.1126/sciadv.aap9873 4781:10.1098/rspb.2012.2645 4409:. St. Martin's Press. 4327: 4272: 4217: 4142: 4140:Antarctic minke whales 4121: 4052: 3994: 3957: 3911:pars intrapraeputialis 3870: 3817:Balaenophilus unisetus 3774: 3726: 3672:, but they do have an 3586: 3487:and protein-digesting 3405: 3342:intermediate filaments 3333: 3180: 3127: 2990: 2877: 2863:Evolution of cetaceans 2665: 2584: 1711: 1358:) and Southern right ( 12439:Paleobiology Database 12078:Spade-toothed whale ( 12042:True's beaked whale ( 12033:Strap-toothed whale ( 12006:Gray's beaked whale ( 11961:Hubbs' beaked whale ( 11846:Sato's beaked whale ( 11746:Indus river dolphin ( 11474:Spectacled porpoise ( 11290:(Bottlenose dolphins) 10731:Heaviside's dolphin ( 10713:Commerson's dolphin ( 10518:Pygmy Bryde's whale ( 9521:Marine Mammal Science 9288:. Bush Warriors. 2010 8983:"Whaling and Fishing" 8869:Proulx, J.P. (1993). 8824:. National Geographic 8326:Balaenoptera physalus 8047:Carcharhinus obscurus 7976:10.1186/2046-9063-8-3 7855:Marine Mammal Science 7762:Goldbogen et al. 2011 7571:Nature Communications 7474:10.1130/MEM67V1-p1223 7429:Lee, Jane J. (2015). 7275:The Anatomical Record 7122:The Anatomical Record 5961:10.1093/sysbio/syp060 5164:Balaenoptera physalus 4963:10.1093/molbev/msj071 4869:Eschrichtius robustus 4586:Marine Mammal Science 4432:Journal of Morphology 4350:The Mito Aquarium in 4325: 4263: 4215: 4159:critically endangered 4137: 4116: 4047: 3956: 3943: 3868: 3768: 3721: 3584: 3403: 3327: 3300:. The epidermis, the 3178: 3122: 2995:Mystacodon selenensis 2982: 2870: 2663: 2582: 1709: 1474:Antarctic minke whale 649:classified under the 12060:Pygmy beaked whale ( 11933:(Mesoplodont whales) 11092:False killer whale ( 11068:Melon-headed whale ( 10788:Pygmy killer whale ( 10482:Common minke whale ( 10240:at Wikimedia Commons 9943:Perry, Tony (1998). 9830:Perry, Tony (1998). 9308:"Commercial Whaling" 9107:Whales in Hot Water? 8928:. University of Hull 8640:Longest animal penis 8414:Journal of Mammalogy 6385:Balenoptera physalus 6001:Pyenson, Nicholas D. 5735:(24): 3992–4000.e2. 5547:Mammalodon colliveri 4483:Animal Diversity Web 4235:functionally extinct 3894:, with none showing 3571:arytenoid cartilages 3229:mandibular symphysis 3012:heterodont dentition 2956:Mammalodon colliveri 2857:Evolutionary history 951:Southern minke whale 790:Southern right whale 599:. Once relentlessly 563:reproductive success 508:largest known animal 11868:(Bottlenose whales) 11608:Dwarf sperm whale ( 11599:Pygmy sperm whale ( 11431:(Finless porpoises) 11147:(Humpback dolphins) 11011:Irrawaddy dolphin ( 10928:Hourglass dolphin ( 10639:Pygmy right whale ( 10209:2010AREPS..38..189U 10170:Whales of the World 9782:Eubalaena glacialis 9725:1994ScTEn.154..179O 9633:2012PLoSO...732681M 9533:2007MMamS..23..144V 9427:2005Natur.435..883G 9388:"Japan and whaling" 9249:White, Doc (2010). 8458:Eubalaena glacialis 8408:Eubalaena glacialis 7967:2012AqBio...8....3F 7914:2007MEPS..346..285L 7867:1986MMamS...2....1K 7804:2017PLoSO..1275220P 7776:, pp. 806–813. 7764:, pp. 131–146. 7690:2007MEPS..346..285L 7643:2010JThBi.267..437P 7583:2015NatCo...6.8285S 7530:2005MEPS..289..117C 7499:, pp. 357–361. 7228:10.1017/pab.2021.11 7220:2021Pbio...47..591V 6806:1999MEPS..187..309P 6647:(1694): 2597–2605. 6562:10.1038/nature11135 6554:2012Natur.485..498P 6517:10.1511/2010.83.124 6461:2015CBio...25.R360V 6401:1989RSPSB.237..175B 6245:2000Sci...290.2288M 6239:(5500): 2288–2291. 6192:2017CBio...27.R558P 6081:2017ARMS....9..367G 5894:(1604): 2955–2963. 5741:2018CBio...28E3992P 5598:2018CBio...28E1670F 5477:2010JSPal...8...63S 5379:10.1098/rsos.150476 5371:2015RSOS....250476M 5044:2018SciA....4.9873A 4749:, pp. 939–941. 4687:2000MolEc...9.1793R 4598:2021MMamS..37..577R 4529:Gatesy, J. (1997). 4477:Eubalaena glacialis 4337:Baja California Sur 4203:Southern Hemisphere 4183:ocean acidification 4130:Whaling controversy 3812:Conchoderma auritum 3110:killer sperm whales 2912:Victoria, Australia 2664:Gray whale skeleton 1865:Parvorder Mysticeti 1671:, derived from the 1328:(right whales) and 617:ocean acidification 485:even-toed ungulates 41:late Eocene–Present 11783:La Plata dolphin ( 11483:Harbour porpoise ( 11452:N. asiaeorientalis 11309:Burrunan dolphin ( 10877:Fraser's dolphin ( 10740:Hector's dolphin ( 10126:10.1242/jeb.048157 8533:. Nature (journal) 7955:Aquatic Biosystems 7727:Marine Food Chains 7591:10.1038/ncomms9285 7539:10.3354/meps289117 7359:10.1093/gbe/evu095 6814:10.3354/meps187309 6505:American Scientist 6137:(1855): 20170546. 6015:(1855): 20170546. 5949:Systematic Biology 5785:, pp. 208–210 5643:Systematic Biology 4991:Systematic Biology 4775:(1753): 20122645. 4444:10.1002/jmor.10474 4345:SeaWorld San Diego 4328: 4273: 4218: 4143: 4053: 4040:History of whaling 4034:History of whaling 3995: 3958: 3936:Whale vocalization 3871: 3825:Cocconeis ceticola 3788:cookiecutter shark 3775: 3727: 3724:bubble net fishing 3625:and as high as 22 3587: 3423:resting heart rate 3406: 3334: 3202:cervical vertebrae 3181: 3128: 3038:, and a primitive 2991: 2961:Aetiocetus weltoni 2907:Janjucetus hunderi 2878: 2874:Janjucetus hunderi 2720:Plesiobalaenoptera 2666: 2591:Archaebalaenoptera 2585: 1852:List of mysticetes 1712: 1593:Historia Animalium 1466:common minke whale 931:Common minke whale 645:Baleen whales are 512:sexually dimorphic 401:in the infraorder 134:common minke whale 12467: 12466: 12426:Open Tree of Life 12229:Taxon identifiers 12150: 12149: 12146: 12145: 12142: 12141: 12138: 12137: 11936: 11871: 11810: 11795: 11794: 11758: 11757: 11712: 11711: 11675: 11674: 11620: 11619: 11574: 11573: 11537: 11536: 11525:Dall's porpoise ( 11434: 11415: 11400: 11399: 11339: 11338: 11293: 11244:Spinner dolphin ( 11226:Striped dolphin ( 11217:Clymene dolphin ( 11150: 10971: 10919:Peale's dolphin ( 10853:Risso's dolphin ( 10813: 10722:Chilean dolphin ( 10695: 10674: 10659: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10614: 10613: 10464: 10449: 10448: 10412: 10356: 10236:Media related to 10180:978-0-935848-47-2 10173:. Brill Archive. 10119:(Pt 1): 131–146. 10092:978-1-4214-1588-8 10038:978-0-7614-7882-9 10008:978-0-12-373553-9 9573:10.7717/peerj.399 9421:(7044): 883–884. 9366:978-90-04-26258-4 9264:978-0-9841686-5-1 9043:978-0-7637-7350-2 9002:978-0-393-04917-6 8960:978-0-520-03973-5 8880:978-0-660-14819-9 8755:10.1002/cne.22055 8704:978-0-8018-7416-1 8651:978-1-910561-02-7 8599:978-0-306-46573-4 8565:978-0-520-27057-2 8508:978-0-85404-157-2 8383:978-0-8493-6069-5 8210:978-1-55143-114-7 8061:(12): 1211–1215. 7923:10.3354/meps06995 7736:978-0-520-01397-1 7699:10.3354/meps06995 7563:Girguis, Peter R. 7468:(67): 1223–1224. 7437:on April 16, 2015 7408:978-0-521-23274-6 7069:978-1-4128-5187-9 7000:978-0-7817-5007-3 6941:978-0-8243-0348-8 6882:978-0-7167-6203-4 6764:978-0-521-76555-8 6548:(7399): 498–501. 6352:10.1111/evo.12516 6346:(11): 3296–3306. 6186:(11): R558–R564. 5698:978-0-7637-6299-5 5592:(10): 1670–1676. 5529:978-1-4398-4257-7 5281:978-0-12-389180-8 5176:(40): 1005–1025. 5139:978-0-393-06057-7 5112:978-0-19-920687-2 4763:Caperea marginata 4681:(11): 1793–1802. 4675:Molecular Ecology 4629:The Bowhead Whale 4606:10.1111/mms.12776 4515:978-0-89599-014-3 4438:(11): 1284–1294. 4416:978-1-4299-8777-6 4389:978-1-4008-8314-1 4264:The remains of a 3973: 3964:Singing Humpbacks 3782:when a shiver of 3710:coast in spring. 3662:vomeronasal organ 3569:support from the 3485:hydrochloric acid 3387:respiratory tract 3366:Sexual dimorphism 3298:connective tissue 2898:evolutionary link 2599:Archaeschrichtius 2405:pygmy right whale 1842:, Balaenopteridae 1792:, Balaenopteridae 1758:, Balaenopteridae 1529:and the other in 1379:Balaena marginata 1371:Caperea marginata 1322: 1321: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1290: 1289: 1281: 1280: 1272: 1271: 1263: 1262: 1254: 1253: 1245: 1244: 1236: 1235: 1227: 1226: 1176: 1175: 1056: 1055: 966: 965: 894:Pygmy right whale 870: 869: 861: 860: 852: 851: 686:pygmy right whale 637:List of cetaceans 500:pygmy right whale 493:million years ago 465:pygmy right whale 386:), also known as 352: 351: 225: 16:(Redirected from 12492: 12460: 12459: 12447: 12446: 12434: 12433: 12421: 12420: 12411: 12410: 12398: 12397: 12395:NHMSYS0000376992 12385: 12384: 12372: 12371: 12359: 12358: 12346: 12345: 12333: 12332: 12320: 12319: 12307: 12306: 12297: 12296: 12284: 12283: 12271: 12270: 12269: 12256: 12255: 12254: 12224: 12223: 12215: 12214: 12213: 12203: 12202: 12191: 12190: 12179: 12178: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12158: 11935: 11934: 11930: 11870: 11869: 11865: 11814: 11813: 11809: 11808: 11804: 11769: 11768: 11723: 11722: 11686: 11685: 11647:I. araguaiaensis 11631: 11630: 11585: 11584: 11564:P. macrocephalus 11548: 11547: 11433: 11432: 11428: 11419: 11418: 11414: 11413: 11409: 11350: 11349: 11292: 11291: 11287: 11149: 11148: 11144: 11125:Guiana dolphin ( 10970: 10969: 10965: 10822:G. macrorhynchus 10812: 10811: 10807: 10764:Common dolphin ( 10699: 10698: 10694: 10693: 10689: 10682: 10681: 10673:(Toothed whales) 10672: 10665: 10664: 10625: 10624: 10602:Humpback whale ( 10484:B. acutorostrata 10468: 10467: 10463: 10462: 10458: 10411: 10410: 10406: 10373: 10372: 10364: 10363: 10354: 10347: 10346: 10280: 10273: 10266: 10257: 10256: 10248:Data related to 10247: 10235: 10220: 10191: 10190: 10184: 10163: 10146: 10128: 10103: 10102: 10096: 10073: 10049: 10048: 10042: 10019: 10018: 10012: 9979: 9978: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9940: 9934: 9933: 9932: 9926: 9924: 9923: 9917: 9902: 9893: 9887: 9886: 9885: 9879: 9877: 9853: 9847: 9846: 9844: 9842: 9827: 9821: 9820: 9814: 9806: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9795: 9790:. NOAA Fisheries 9776: 9770: 9769: 9767: 9766: 9751: 9745: 9744: 9708: 9702: 9701: 9700: 9694: 9692: 9678: 9672: 9671: 9670: 9664: 9654: 9644: 9612: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9595: 9585: 9575: 9551: 9545: 9544: 9516: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9505: 9490: 9484: 9483: 9481: 9479: 9461: 9455: 9454: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9384: 9378: 9377: 9376: 9370: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9326: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9304: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9293: 9282: 9276: 9275: 9274: 9268: 9246: 9240: 9239: 9237: 9235: 9220: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9210: 9204: 9197: 9188: 9182: 9181: 9180: 9174: 9154: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9143: 9128: 9122: 9121: 9119: 9112: 9101: 9095: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9075: 9069: 9068: 9061: 9055: 9054: 9053: 9047: 9025: 9014: 9013: 9012: 9006: 8978: 8972: 8971: 8970: 8964: 8944: 8938: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8903:"Whale products" 8899: 8893: 8892: 8866: 8860: 8859: 8857: 8855: 8840: 8834: 8833: 8831: 8829: 8817: 8804: 8803: 8798: 8796: 8781: 8775: 8774: 8738: 8732: 8722: 8716: 8715: 8714: 8708: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8665: 8659: 8658: 8643: 8633: 8627: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8609: 8603: 8583: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8569: 8549: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8518: 8512: 8484: 8478: 8477: 8468:(7): 1297–1305. 8453: 8447: 8446: 8445: 8439: 8429: 8420:(5): 1342–1354. 8401: 8395: 8394: 8393: 8387: 8367: 8361: 8360: 8352: 8346: 8345: 8321: 8315: 8314: 8306: 8300: 8290: 8284: 8283: 8282: 8276: 8266: 8256: 8228: 8222: 8221: 8220: 8214: 8194: 8188: 8187: 8186: 8180: 8170: 8138: 8132: 8122: 8116: 8106: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8042: 8036: 8035: 8025: 8005: 7999: 7998: 7988: 7978: 7942: 7936: 7935: 7925: 7893: 7887: 7886: 7850: 7844: 7843: 7833: 7815: 7783: 7777: 7771: 7765: 7759: 7748: 7747: 7746: 7740: 7718: 7712: 7711: 7701: 7669: 7663: 7662: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7618: 7612: 7602: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7541: 7509: 7500: 7494: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7477: 7458:"Marine Mammals" 7453: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7418: 7412: 7399:Animal Migration 7390: 7381: 7380: 7370: 7338: 7332: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7314: 7308: 7298: 7287:10.1002/ar.22459 7262: 7256: 7246: 7240: 7239: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7186: 7178: 7172: 7162: 7156: 7155: 7137: 7135:10.1002/ar.20544 7113: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7073: 7053: 7047: 7037: 7031: 7021: 7012: 7011: 7010: 7004: 6984: 6978: 6968: 6962: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6929: 6919: 6913: 6903: 6894: 6893: 6892: 6886: 6866: 6860: 6859: 6831: 6825: 6824: 6823: 6817: 6791: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6774: 6768: 6748: 6739: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6721: 6715: 6697: 6688: 6682: 6681: 6680: 6674: 6664: 6632: 6626: 6616: 6610: 6600: 6594: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6537: 6528: 6527: 6526: 6520: 6500: 6491: 6490: 6472: 6440: 6429: 6428: 6380: 6374: 6373: 6363: 6331: 6325: 6315: 6309: 6299: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6203: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6154: 6122: 6109: 6108: 6064: 6051: 6050: 6040: 5996: 5990: 5989: 5988: 5982: 5972: 5940: 5934: 5928: 5922: 5921: 5911: 5879: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5860: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5824: 5792: 5786: 5780: 5771: 5770: 5752: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5702: 5682: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5668: 5658: 5634: 5628: 5627: 5609: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5488: 5456: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5442: 5410: 5401: 5400: 5390: 5350: 5341: 5340: 5312: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5285: 5263: 5257: 5256: 5236: 5230: 5220: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5203: 5193: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5149: 5143: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5099: 5093: 5083: 5074: 5073: 5063: 5032:Science Advances 5023: 5017: 5016: 5006: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4965: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4892: 4874: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4841: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4802: 4792: 4756: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4721: 4715: 4714: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4577: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4560: 4550: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4492: 4490: 4470: 4464: 4463: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4373: 4333:Scammon's Lagoon 4145:As of 2021, the 3975: 3974: 3955: 3849:acanthocephalans 3773:on a right whale 3629:, distinct from 3501:intestinal tract 3471: 3467: 3451:blood corpuscles 3427:beats per minute 3376:Internal systems 3257: 3248: 3236:External anatomy 3206:vestigial organs 3161:Plio-Pleistocene 3052: 3051: 3050: 3047: 2712:Parabalaenoptera 2629:Cetotheriophanes 2561:Balaenopteroidea 2131:– bowhead whales 2028:Cetotheriopsidae 1867:: baleen whales 1835: 1821: 1804: 1785: 1768: 1751: 1639: 1638: 1633: 1632: 1615: 1614: 1605: 1604: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1470:B. acutorostrata 1218: 1217: 1196: 1167: 1166: 1145: 1132: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1103: 1102: 1085: 1084: 1070: 1069: 1047: 1027: 1014: 1013: 1007: 1006: 993: 980: 979: 957: 937: 924: 923: 917: 916: 911:Balaenopteroidea 900: 884: 883: 843: 823: 810: 809: 796: 783: 782: 769: 756: 755: 746: 745: 739: 738: 729: 728: 724: 723: 613:marine pollution 388:whalebone whales 385: 384: 381: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 221: 149: 148: 115: 105: 42: 38:Temporal range: 32: 31: 21: 12500: 12499: 12495: 12494: 12493: 12491: 12490: 12489: 12470: 12469: 12468: 12463: 12455: 12450: 12442: 12437: 12429: 12424: 12416: 12414: 12406: 12401: 12393: 12388: 12380: 12375: 12367: 12362: 12354: 12349: 12341: 12336: 12328: 12323: 12315: 12310: 12302: 12300: 12292: 12287: 12279: 12274: 12265: 12264: 12259: 12250: 12249: 12244: 12231: 12221: 12211: 12209: 12197: 12185: 12173: 12163: 12161: 12153: 12151: 12134: 12110: 12086: 11972:M. densirostris 11932: 11931: 11929: 11919: 11895: 11867: 11866: 11864: 11854: 11807:(Beaked whales) 11806: 11805: 11803: 11791: 11754: 11708: 11671: 11616: 11570: 11533: 11509: 11458: 11443:N. phocaenoides 11430: 11429: 11427: 11411: 11410: 11408: 11396: 11372: 11335: 11289: 11288: 11286: 11276: 11252: 11246:S. longirostris 11228:S. coeruleoalba 11192: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11133: 11100: 11076: 11052: 11028: 11013:O. brevirostris 10995: 10967: 10966: 10964: 10954: 10946:Dusky dolphin ( 10885: 10861: 10837: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10796: 10772: 10748: 10704:Cephalorhynchus 10691: 10690: 10688: 10676: 10647: 10610: 10604:M. novaeangliae 10586: 10562: 10536:Omura's whale ( 10509:Bryde's whale ( 10460: 10459: 10457: 10455:Balaenopteridae 10445: 10408: 10407: 10405: 10395: 10387:Bowhead whale ( 10358: 10355:(Baleen whales) 10341: 10291: 10284: 10228: 10223: 10185: 10181: 10097: 10093: 10062:Ferris Brothers 10043: 10039: 10013: 10009: 9988: 9983: 9982: 9967: 9963: 9953: 9951: 9941: 9937: 9927: 9921: 9919: 9915: 9905:Aquatic Mammals 9900: 9894: 9890: 9880: 9854: 9850: 9840: 9838: 9828: 9824: 9812: 9808: 9807: 9803: 9793: 9791: 9778: 9777: 9773: 9764: 9762: 9752: 9748: 9709: 9705: 9695: 9690: 9679: 9675: 9665: 9613: 9606: 9596: 9552: 9548: 9517: 9513: 9503: 9501: 9492: 9491: 9487: 9477: 9475: 9465:Tabuchi, Hiroko 9462: 9458: 9435:10.1038/435883a 9407: 9403: 9393: 9391: 9386: 9385: 9381: 9371: 9367: 9349: 9345: 9335: 9333: 9328: 9327: 9323: 9313: 9311: 9306: 9305: 9301: 9291: 9289: 9284: 9283: 9279: 9269: 9265: 9247: 9243: 9233: 9231: 9221: 9217: 9208: 9206: 9202: 9195: 9189: 9185: 9175: 9155: 9151: 9141: 9139: 9129: 9125: 9117: 9110: 9102: 9098: 9088: 9086: 9077: 9076: 9072: 9063: 9062: 9058: 9048: 9044: 9026: 9017: 9007: 9003: 8979: 8975: 8965: 8961: 8945: 8941: 8931: 8929: 8922: 8918: 8908: 8906: 8901: 8900: 8896: 8881: 8867: 8863: 8853: 8851: 8841: 8837: 8827: 8825: 8818: 8807: 8794: 8792: 8783: 8782: 8778: 8739: 8735: 8723: 8719: 8709: 8705: 8689: 8685: 8675: 8673: 8666: 8662: 8652: 8634: 8630: 8618: 8614: 8604: 8600: 8584: 8580: 8570: 8566: 8550: 8546: 8536: 8534: 8527: 8523: 8513: 8509: 8485: 8481: 8474:10.1139/z94-173 8454: 8450: 8440: 8402: 8398: 8388: 8384: 8368: 8364: 8353: 8349: 8342:10.1139/z87-040 8322: 8318: 8307: 8303: 8291: 8287: 8277: 8229: 8225: 8215: 8211: 8195: 8191: 8181: 8147:Biology Letters 8139: 8135: 8123: 8119: 8107: 8100: 8090: 8088: 8078: 8074: 8067:10.1071/MF14317 8043: 8039: 8023:10.1.1.573.6671 8006: 8002: 7943: 7939: 7894: 7890: 7851: 7847: 7798:(4): e0175220. 7784: 7780: 7772: 7768: 7760: 7751: 7741: 7737: 7719: 7715: 7670: 7666: 7627: 7623: 7613: 7559: 7555: 7510: 7503: 7495: 7488: 7478: 7454: 7450: 7440: 7438: 7427: 7423: 7413: 7409: 7391: 7384: 7339: 7335: 7323: 7319: 7309: 7263: 7259: 7247: 7243: 7200: 7196: 7184: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7163: 7159: 7114: 7110: 7100: 7098: 7096:Huffington Post 7088: 7084: 7074: 7070: 7054: 7050: 7038: 7034: 7022: 7015: 7005: 7001: 6985: 6981: 6969: 6965: 6953: 6949: 6942: 6920: 6916: 6904: 6897: 6887: 6883: 6867: 6863: 6832: 6828: 6818: 6789: 6783: 6779: 6769: 6765: 6749: 6742: 6730: 6726: 6716: 6700:Aquatic Mammals 6695: 6689: 6685: 6675: 6633: 6629: 6617: 6613: 6601: 6597: 6589: 6585: 6538: 6531: 6521: 6501: 6494: 6449:Current Biology 6441: 6432: 6381: 6377: 6332: 6328: 6316: 6312: 6300: 6296: 6292:, p. 1140. 6288: 6284: 6229: 6225: 6180:Current Biology 6172: 6168: 6123: 6112: 6065: 6054: 6009:Proc. R. Soc. B 5997: 5993: 5983: 5941: 5937: 5929: 5925: 5880: 5876: 5842: 5838: 5801:Biology Letters 5793: 5789: 5781: 5774: 5729:Current Biology 5719:Peredo, C. M.; 5717: 5713: 5703: 5699: 5683: 5679: 5669: 5635: 5631: 5586:Current Biology 5578: 5574: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5514: 5510: 5457: 5453: 5443: 5411: 5404: 5351: 5344: 5313: 5296: 5286: 5282: 5264: 5260: 5237: 5233: 5221: 5214: 5204: 5158: 5154: 5144: 5140: 5124: 5120: 5113: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5084: 5077: 5024: 5020: 4983: 4979: 4942: 4938: 4907: 4903: 4893: 4879:(in Japanese). 4872: 4865: 4859: 4855: 4817: 4813: 4803: 4757: 4753: 4745: 4741: 4728:. H.N. Abrams. 4722: 4718: 4666: 4662: 4647: 4625: 4621: 4578: 4571: 4561: 4527: 4523: 4516: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4471: 4467: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4401: 4397: 4390: 4374: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4320: 4171:near-threatened 4132: 4126: 4042: 4036: 4031: 4007: 3993: 3992: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3969: 3966: 3959: 3953: 3938: 3932: 3876:sexual maturity 3863: 3857: 3799:whale barnacles 3763: 3716: 3691: 3686: 3674:olfactory tract 3639:auditory meatus 3612:tapetum lucidum 3579: 3469: 3465: 3378: 3267: 3266: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3259: 3258: 3250: 3249: 3238: 3210:whale genitalia 3196:. Some species 3186: 3173: 3044: 3043: 3020:Mammalodontidae 2871:Restoration of 2865: 2859: 2854: 2645:Eschrichtioides 2575:Balaenopteridae 2476:Mithridatocetus 2059:Micromysticetus 2022:Eomysticetoidea 1976:Mystacodontidae 1952:Mammalodontidae 1854: 1853: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1845: 1844: 1836: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1814: 1813: 1805: 1796: 1795: 1794: 1786: 1778: 1777: 1769: 1761: 1760: 1752: 1743: 1742: 1731:creatures like 1704: 1608:ho mus to kētos 1547: 1543: 1540: 1531:eastern Pacific 1494:M. novaeangliae 1344:morphologically 1309: 1300: 1291: 1282: 1273: 1264: 1255: 1246: 1237: 1228: 1212: 1177: 1161: 1079: 1057: 967: 871: 862: 853: 722: 710:Cetartiodactyla 670:Balaenopteridae 643: 633: 567:ritual displays 445:Balaenopteridae 362: 358: 301:Balaenopteridae 263:Mammalodontidae 220: 143: 106: 104: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 53: 48: 40: 39: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12498: 12488: 12487: 12482: 12465: 12464: 12462: 12461: 12448: 12435: 12422: 12412: 12399: 12386: 12373: 12360: 12347: 12334: 12321: 12308: 12298: 12285: 12272: 12257: 12241: 12239: 12233: 12232: 12220: 12219: 12207: 12195: 12183: 12171: 12148: 12147: 12144: 12143: 12140: 12139: 12136: 12135: 12133: 12132: 12128:Z. cavirostris 12122: 12120: 12112: 12111: 12109: 12108: 12098: 12096: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12084: 12075: 12066: 12057: 12048: 12039: 12030: 12021: 12012: 12003: 11994: 11985: 11976: 11967: 11958: 11949: 11939: 11937: 11921: 11920: 11918: 11917: 11907: 11905: 11897: 11896: 11894: 11893: 11884: 11874: 11872: 11856: 11855: 11853: 11852: 11843: 11834: 11824: 11822: 11811: 11797: 11796: 11793: 11792: 11790: 11789: 11785:P. blainvillei 11779: 11777: 11766: 11760: 11759: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11752: 11743: 11733: 11731: 11720: 11714: 11713: 11710: 11709: 11707: 11706: 11696: 11694: 11683: 11677: 11676: 11673: 11672: 11670: 11669: 11665:I. geoffrensis 11660: 11656:I. boliviensis 11651: 11641: 11639: 11628: 11622: 11621: 11618: 11617: 11615: 11614: 11605: 11595: 11593: 11582: 11576: 11575: 11572: 11571: 11569: 11568: 11558: 11556: 11545: 11539: 11538: 11535: 11534: 11532: 11531: 11521: 11519: 11511: 11510: 11508: 11507: 11503:P. spinipinnis 11498: 11489: 11480: 11470: 11468: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11456: 11447: 11437: 11435: 11416: 11402: 11401: 11398: 11397: 11395: 11394: 11384: 11382: 11374: 11373: 11371: 11370: 11364:Beluga whale ( 11360: 11358: 11355:Delphinapterus 11347: 11341: 11340: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11333: 11324: 11315: 11306: 11296: 11294: 11278: 11277: 11275: 11274: 11270:S. bredanensis 11264: 11262: 11254: 11253: 11251: 11250: 11241: 11232: 11223: 11214: 11204: 11202: 11194: 11193: 11191: 11190: 11181: 11172: 11163: 11153: 11151: 11135: 11134: 11132: 11131: 11122: 11118:S. fluviatilis 11112: 11110: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11098: 11088: 11086: 11078: 11077: 11075: 11074: 11064: 11062: 11054: 11053: 11051: 11050: 11040: 11038: 11030: 11029: 11027: 11026: 11017: 11007: 11005: 10997: 10996: 10994: 10993: 10984: 10974: 10972: 10956: 10955: 10953: 10952: 10943: 10939:L. obliquidens 10934: 10925: 10916: 10907: 10903:L. albirostris 10897: 10895: 10892:Lagenorhynchus 10887: 10886: 10884: 10883: 10873: 10871: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10859: 10849: 10847: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10835: 10826: 10816: 10814: 10810:(Pilot whales) 10798: 10797: 10795: 10794: 10784: 10782: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10770: 10760: 10758: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10746: 10737: 10728: 10719: 10715:C. commersonii 10709: 10707: 10696: 10678: 10677: 10661: 10660: 10657: 10656: 10653: 10652: 10649: 10648: 10646: 10645: 10635: 10633: 10622: 10616: 10615: 10612: 10611: 10609: 10608: 10598: 10596: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10584: 10574: 10572: 10564: 10563: 10561: 10560: 10554:Rice's whale ( 10551: 10542: 10533: 10524: 10515: 10506: 10497: 10493:B. bonaerensis 10488: 10478: 10476: 10465: 10451: 10450: 10447: 10446: 10444: 10443: 10434: 10425: 10415: 10413: 10409:(Right whales) 10397: 10396: 10394: 10393: 10383: 10381: 10370: 10360: 10359: 10343: 10342: 10340: 10339: 10333: 10327: 10325:Laurasiatheria 10321: 10315: 10309: 10303: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10283: 10282: 10275: 10268: 10260: 10254: 10253: 10252:at Wikispecies 10241: 10227: 10226:External links 10224: 10222: 10221: 10203:(1): 189–219. 10192: 10179: 10164: 10147: 10104: 10091: 10074: 10064:. p. 69. 10050: 10037: 10020: 10007: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9981: 9980: 9961: 9935: 9888: 9848: 9822: 9801: 9771: 9746: 9719:(3): 179–200. 9703: 9673: 9604: 9546: 9527:(1): 144–156. 9511: 9485: 9456: 9401: 9379: 9365: 9343: 9321: 9299: 9277: 9263: 9241: 9215: 9183: 9149: 9123: 9120:on 2016-04-05. 9096: 9070: 9056: 9042: 9015: 9001: 8973: 8959: 8939: 8916: 8894: 8879: 8861: 8835: 8805: 8776: 8749:(2): 243–259. 8733: 8725:Bannister 2008 8717: 8703: 8683: 8660: 8650: 8628: 8620:Cavendish 2010 8612: 8598: 8578: 8564: 8544: 8521: 8507: 8479: 8448: 8396: 8382: 8362: 8347: 8336:(2): 253–264. 8316: 8301: 8293:Bannister 2008 8285: 8223: 8209: 8189: 8133: 8125:Feldhamer 2015 8117: 8109:Bannister 2008 8098: 8072: 8037: 8000: 7937: 7888: 7845: 7778: 7774:Bannister 2008 7766: 7749: 7735: 7713: 7664: 7637:(3): 437–453. 7621: 7553: 7501: 7497:Bannister 2008 7486: 7448: 7421: 7407: 7382: 7353:(6): 1254–65. 7333: 7325:Cavendish 2010 7317: 7281:(6): 991–998. 7257: 7249:Cavendish 2010 7241: 7214:(4): 591–611. 7194: 7173: 7165:Cavendish 2010 7157: 7128:(6): 745–759. 7108: 7082: 7068: 7048: 7040:Cavendish 2010 7032: 7024:Cavendish 2010 7013: 6999: 6979: 6963: 6955:Cavendish 2010 6947: 6940: 6914: 6895: 6881: 6861: 6842:(2): 181–191. 6826: 6777: 6763: 6740: 6732:Bannister 2008 6724: 6706:(2): 226–252. 6683: 6627: 6611: 6595: 6583: 6529: 6511:(2): 124–131. 6492: 6455:(9): 360–361. 6430: 6375: 6326: 6318:Feldhamer 2015 6310: 6302:Bannister 2008 6294: 6290:Bannister 2008 6282: 6223: 6166: 6110: 6075:(1): 367–386. 6052: 6003:(2017-05-31). 5991: 5955:(6): 573–585. 5935: 5931:Bannister 2008 5923: 5874: 5836: 5787: 5772: 5721:Pyenson, N. D. 5711: 5697: 5677: 5629: 5572: 5559:(2): 367–476. 5535: 5528: 5508: 5451: 5402: 5365:(12): 150476. 5342: 5294: 5280: 5258: 5247:(3): 259–273. 5231: 5223:Bannister 2008 5212: 5152: 5138: 5118: 5111: 5094: 5086:Bannister 2008 5075: 5018: 4977: 4936: 4901: 4853: 4811: 4751: 4747:Bannister 2008 4739: 4716: 4660: 4645: 4619: 4592:(2): 577–610. 4569: 4541:(5): 537–543. 4521: 4514: 4496: 4465: 4422: 4415: 4395: 4388: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4319: 4316: 4278:Lloyd's mirror 4190:whale-watching 4179:climate change 4175:data deficient 4125: 4122: 4107:harpoon cannon 4038:Main article: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4019:theory of mind 4006: 4003: 3983: 3977: 3967: 3962: 3961: 3960: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3934:Main article: 3931: 3928: 3856: 3853: 3762: 3759: 3715: 3712: 3696:Baja Peninsula 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3670:olfactory bulb 3647:tympanic bulla 3578: 3575: 3540:magnetic north 3377: 3374: 3346:hydroxyapatite 3311:marine mammals 3262: 3261: 3252: 3251: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3225:fibrocartilage 3185: 3182: 3172: 3169: 3055:filter feeding 3040:dental formula 2861:Main article: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2851: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2847: 2846: 2833: 2820: 2807: 2799: 2786: 2778: 2770: 2759:incertae sedis 2755: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2747: 2744:Protororqualus 2739: 2731: 2723: 2715: 2707: 2699: 2686: 2684:humpback whale 2675: 2667: 2648: 2640: 2632: 2624: 2609: 2602: 2594: 2571: 2568:Eobalaenoptera 2557: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2553: 2545: 2537: 2529: 2520: 2512: 2503: 2495: 2487: 2479: 2471: 2463: 2455: 2447: 2439: 2431: 2423: 2415: 2407: 2396: 2382: 2381: 2380: 2372: 2364: 2354:Tranatocetidae 2350: 2349: 2348: 2340: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2316: 2313:Plesiocetopsis 2308: 2300: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2270: 2262: 2254: 2246: 2238: 2230: 2222: 2219:Parietobalaena 2214: 2206: 2196:Thalassotherii 2192: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2180: 2172: 2164: 2163:– right whales 2156: 2148: 2140: 2132: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2086: 2078: 2070: 2062: 2054: 2044:Eomysticetidae 2040: 2039: 2038: 2035:Cetotheriopsis 2018: 2010: 2002: 1992:Chaeomysticeti 1988: 1987: 1986: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1962: 1948: 1947: 1946: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1922: 1914: 1906: 1898: 1890: 1876: 1851: 1850: 1849: 1837: 1830: 1829: 1823: 1816: 1815: 1806: 1799: 1798: 1797: 1787: 1780: 1779: 1770: 1763: 1762: 1753: 1746: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1703: 1700: 1657:Middle English 1642:junior synonym 1603:ὁ μῦς τὸ κῆτος 1539: 1536: 1523:Sea of Okhotsk 1490:humpback whale 1478:B. bonaerensis 1348:phylogenically 1320: 1319: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1092: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1073: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1021:Humpback whale 1017: 1012: 1010: 1005: 1003: 1000: 999: 996: 995: 983: 978: 976: 973: 972: 969: 968: 964: 963: 960: 959: 947: 944: 943: 940: 939: 927: 922: 920: 915: 913: 907: 906: 903: 902: 890: 882: 880: 877: 876: 873: 872: 868: 867: 864: 863: 859: 858: 855: 854: 850: 849: 846: 845: 833: 830: 829: 826: 825: 813: 808: 806: 803: 802: 799: 798: 786: 781: 779: 776: 775: 772: 771: 759: 754: 752: 744: 742: 737: 735: 727: 721: 720:Classification 718: 674:Eschrichtiidae 632: 629: 621:man-made sonar 590:humpback whale 532:neck vertebrae 489:toothed whales 453:Eschrichtiidae 392:marine mammals 350: 349: 348: 347: 341: 340: 334: 333: 327: 326: 320: 319: 318: 317: 316: 315: 314: 313: 311:Eschrichtiidae 308: 303: 298: 293: 287: 285:Eomysticetidae 279:Chaeomysticeti 276: 265: 259: 253: 245: 234: 233: 227: 226: 215: 211: 210: 205: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 137: 136: 122:humpback whale 117: 116: 108: 107: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 37: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12497: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12480:Baleen whales 12478: 12477: 12475: 12458: 12453: 12449: 12445: 12440: 12436: 12432: 12427: 12423: 12419: 12413: 12409: 12404: 12400: 12396: 12391: 12387: 12383: 12378: 12374: 12370: 12365: 12361: 12357: 12352: 12348: 12344: 12339: 12335: 12331: 12326: 12322: 12318: 12313: 12309: 12305: 12299: 12295: 12290: 12286: 12282: 12277: 12273: 12268: 12262: 12258: 12253: 12247: 12243: 12242: 12240: 12238: 12234: 12230: 12225: 12218: 12208: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12182: 12177: 12172: 12170: 12160: 12159: 12156: 12131: 12129: 12124: 12123: 12121: 12119: 12118: 12113: 12107: 12105: 12100: 12099: 12097: 12095: 12094: 12089: 12083: 12081: 12076: 12074: 12072: 12071:M. stejnegeri 12067: 12065: 12063: 12062:M. peruvianus 12058: 12056: 12054: 12049: 12047: 12045: 12040: 12038: 12036: 12031: 12029: 12027: 12022: 12020: 12018: 12013: 12011: 12009: 12004: 12002: 12000: 11999:M. ginkgodens 11995: 11993: 11991: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11977: 11975: 11973: 11968: 11966: 11964: 11963:M. carlhubbsi 11959: 11957: 11955: 11950: 11948: 11946: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11928: 11927: 11922: 11916: 11914: 11909: 11908: 11906: 11904: 11903: 11898: 11892: 11890: 11889:H. planifrons 11885: 11883: 11881: 11880:H. ampullatus 11876: 11875: 11873: 11863: 11862: 11857: 11851: 11849: 11844: 11842: 11840: 11835: 11833: 11831: 11826: 11825: 11823: 11821: 11820: 11815: 11812: 11802: 11798: 11788: 11786: 11781: 11780: 11778: 11776: 11775: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11764:Pontoporiidae 11761: 11751: 11749: 11744: 11742: 11740: 11735: 11734: 11732: 11730: 11729: 11724: 11721: 11719: 11718:Platanistidae 11715: 11705: 11703: 11702:L. vexillifer 11698: 11697: 11695: 11693: 11692: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11678: 11668: 11666: 11661: 11659: 11657: 11652: 11650: 11648: 11643: 11642: 11640: 11638: 11637: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11623: 11613: 11611: 11606: 11604: 11602: 11597: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11591: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11577: 11567: 11565: 11562:Sperm whale ( 11560: 11559: 11557: 11555: 11554: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11540: 11530: 11528: 11523: 11522: 11520: 11518: 11517: 11512: 11506: 11504: 11499: 11497: 11495: 11490: 11488: 11486: 11481: 11479: 11477: 11472: 11471: 11469: 11467: 11466: 11461: 11455: 11453: 11448: 11446: 11444: 11439: 11438: 11436: 11426: 11425: 11420: 11417: 11407: 11403: 11393: 11391: 11386: 11385: 11383: 11381: 11380: 11375: 11369: 11367: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11357: 11356: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11342: 11332: 11330: 11325: 11323: 11321: 11316: 11314: 11312: 11307: 11305: 11303: 11298: 11297: 11295: 11285: 11284: 11279: 11273: 11271: 11266: 11265: 11263: 11261: 11260: 11255: 11249: 11247: 11242: 11240: 11238: 11233: 11231: 11229: 11224: 11222: 11220: 11215: 11213: 11211: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11201: 11200: 11195: 11189: 11187: 11182: 11180: 11178: 11177:S. sahulensis 11173: 11171: 11169: 11164: 11162: 11160: 11155: 11154: 11152: 11142: 11141: 11136: 11130: 11128: 11127:S. guianensis 11123: 11121: 11119: 11114: 11113: 11111: 11109: 11108: 11103: 11097: 11095: 11094:P. crassidens 11090: 11089: 11087: 11085: 11084: 11079: 11073: 11071: 11066: 11065: 11063: 11061: 11060: 11059:Peponocephala 11055: 11049: 11047: 11042: 11041: 11039: 11037: 11036: 11031: 11025: 11023: 11018: 11016: 11014: 11009: 11008: 11006: 11004: 11003: 10998: 10992: 10990: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10976: 10975: 10973: 10963: 10962: 10957: 10951: 10949: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10926: 10924: 10922: 10917: 10915: 10913: 10908: 10906: 10904: 10899: 10898: 10896: 10894: 10893: 10888: 10882: 10880: 10875: 10874: 10872: 10870: 10869: 10868:Lagenodelphis 10864: 10858: 10856: 10851: 10850: 10848: 10846: 10845: 10840: 10834: 10832: 10827: 10825: 10823: 10818: 10817: 10815: 10805: 10804: 10799: 10793: 10791: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10780: 10775: 10769: 10767: 10762: 10761: 10759: 10757: 10756: 10751: 10745: 10743: 10738: 10736: 10734: 10733:C. heavisidii 10729: 10727: 10725: 10720: 10718: 10716: 10711: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10705: 10700: 10697: 10687: 10683: 10679: 10675: 10666: 10662: 10644: 10642: 10637: 10636: 10634: 10632: 10631: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10620:Cetotheriidae 10617: 10607: 10605: 10600: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10594: 10589: 10583: 10581: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10571: 10570: 10565: 10559: 10557: 10552: 10550: 10548: 10543: 10541: 10539: 10534: 10532: 10530: 10525: 10523: 10521: 10516: 10514: 10512: 10507: 10505: 10503: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10489: 10487: 10485: 10480: 10479: 10477: 10475: 10474: 10469: 10466: 10456: 10452: 10442: 10440: 10435: 10433: 10431: 10426: 10424: 10422: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10404: 10403: 10398: 10392: 10390: 10389:B. mysticetus 10385: 10384: 10382: 10380: 10379: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10365: 10361: 10357: 10348: 10344: 10338: 10334: 10332: 10328: 10326: 10322: 10320: 10316: 10314: 10310: 10308: 10304: 10302: 10298: 10297: 10294: 10289: 10281: 10276: 10274: 10269: 10267: 10262: 10261: 10258: 10251: 10246: 10242: 10239: 10234: 10230: 10229: 10218: 10214: 10210: 10206: 10202: 10198: 10193: 10189: 10182: 10176: 10172: 10171: 10165: 10161: 10157: 10153: 10148: 10144: 10140: 10136: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10118: 10114: 10110: 10105: 10101: 10094: 10088: 10084: 10080: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10051: 10047: 10040: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10021: 10017: 10010: 10004: 10000: 9996: 9991: 9990: 9976: 9972: 9965: 9950: 9946: 9939: 9931: 9918:on 2015-10-15 9914: 9910: 9906: 9899: 9892: 9884: 9876: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9859: 9852: 9837: 9836:Seattle Times 9833: 9826: 9818: 9811: 9805: 9789: 9785: 9783: 9775: 9761: 9757: 9750: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9722: 9718: 9714: 9707: 9699: 9689: 9688: 9684: 9677: 9669: 9662: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9634: 9630: 9627:(2): e32681. 9626: 9622: 9618: 9611: 9609: 9600: 9593: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9550: 9542: 9538: 9534: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9515: 9499: 9495: 9489: 9474: 9470: 9466: 9460: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9440: 9436: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9405: 9389: 9383: 9375: 9368: 9362: 9358: 9354: 9347: 9331: 9325: 9309: 9303: 9287: 9281: 9273: 9266: 9260: 9256: 9252: 9245: 9230: 9226: 9219: 9205:on 2015-05-08 9201: 9194: 9187: 9179: 9172: 9168: 9165:(91): 75–88. 9164: 9160: 9153: 9138: 9134: 9127: 9116: 9109: 9108: 9100: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9066: 9060: 9052: 9045: 9039: 9035: 9031: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9011: 9004: 8998: 8994: 8990: 8989: 8984: 8977: 8969: 8962: 8956: 8952: 8951: 8943: 8927: 8920: 8904: 8898: 8890: 8886: 8882: 8876: 8872: 8865: 8850: 8846: 8839: 8823: 8816: 8814: 8812: 8810: 8802: 8790: 8786: 8780: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8737: 8730: 8726: 8721: 8713: 8706: 8700: 8696: 8695: 8687: 8671: 8664: 8657: 8653: 8647: 8642: 8641: 8632: 8625: 8621: 8616: 8608: 8601: 8595: 8591: 8590: 8582: 8574: 8567: 8561: 8557: 8556: 8548: 8532: 8525: 8517: 8510: 8504: 8500: 8496: 8492: 8491: 8483: 8475: 8471: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8452: 8444: 8437: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8411: 8409: 8400: 8392: 8385: 8379: 8375: 8374: 8366: 8358: 8351: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8320: 8312: 8305: 8298: 8294: 8289: 8281: 8274: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8236: 8227: 8219: 8212: 8206: 8202: 8201: 8193: 8185: 8178: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8148: 8144: 8137: 8130: 8126: 8121: 8114: 8110: 8105: 8103: 8087: 8083: 8080:Martin, R.A. 8076: 8068: 8064: 8060: 8056: 8052: 8048: 8041: 8033: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8015: 8011: 8010:Mammal Review 8004: 7996: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7968: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7950: 7941: 7933: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7892: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7849: 7841: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7823: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7782: 7775: 7770: 7763: 7758: 7756: 7754: 7745: 7738: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7717: 7709: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7668: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7625: 7617: 7610: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7557: 7549: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7531: 7527: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7508: 7506: 7498: 7493: 7491: 7482: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7452: 7436: 7432: 7425: 7417: 7410: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7389: 7387: 7378: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7360: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7344: 7337: 7330: 7326: 7321: 7313: 7306: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7270: 7261: 7254: 7250: 7245: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7198: 7190: 7183: 7177: 7170: 7166: 7161: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7119: 7112: 7097: 7093: 7086: 7078: 7071: 7065: 7061: 7060: 7052: 7045: 7041: 7036: 7029: 7025: 7020: 7018: 7009: 7002: 6996: 6992: 6991: 6983: 6976: 6972: 6967: 6960: 6956: 6951: 6943: 6937: 6933: 6928: 6927: 6918: 6911: 6907: 6902: 6900: 6891: 6884: 6878: 6874: 6873: 6865: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6830: 6822: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6803: 6799: 6795: 6788: 6781: 6773: 6766: 6760: 6756: 6755: 6747: 6745: 6737: 6733: 6728: 6720: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6687: 6679: 6672: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6631: 6624: 6620: 6615: 6608: 6604: 6599: 6593:, p. 66. 6592: 6587: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6536: 6534: 6525: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6499: 6497: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6395:(1287): 176. 6394: 6390: 6386: 6379: 6371: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6319: 6314: 6307: 6303: 6298: 6291: 6286: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6234: 6227: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6170: 6162: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6048: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5995: 5987: 5980: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5927: 5919: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5878: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5849: 5840: 5832: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5779: 5777: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5742: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5715: 5707: 5700: 5694: 5690: 5689: 5681: 5673: 5666: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5567: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5548: 5539: 5531: 5525: 5521: 5520: 5512: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5455: 5447: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5425:(1): 99–143. 5424: 5420: 5416: 5409: 5407: 5398: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5349: 5347: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5323:(2): 77–100. 5322: 5318: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5290: 5283: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5262: 5254: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5235: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5217: 5208: 5201: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5165: 5156: 5148: 5141: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5122: 5114: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5091: 5087: 5082: 5080: 5071: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5022: 5014: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4981: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4956:(5): 866–73. 4955: 4951: 4947: 4940: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4917:(2): 77–100. 4916: 4912: 4905: 4897: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4857: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4828:(in French). 4827: 4823: 4815: 4807: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4764: 4755: 4748: 4743: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4720: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4664: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4646:9780128189696 4642: 4638: 4634: 4631:. p. 6. 4630: 4623: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4574: 4565: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4525: 4517: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4484: 4480: 4478: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4418: 4412: 4408: 4407: 4399: 4391: 4385: 4381: 4380: 4372: 4368: 4355: 4353: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4324: 4315: 4313: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4297:trophic level 4294: 4289: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4214: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4192:industry and 4191: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4120: 4115: 4113: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4067: 4062: 4058: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4026: 4024: 4023:consciousness 4020: 4016: 4015:spindle cells 4012: 4002: 4000: 3991: 3989: 3965: 3946: 3942: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3915:terminal cone 3912: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3888:K-strategists 3883: 3881: 3877: 3867: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3833:stomach worms 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3772: 3767: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3735: 3733: 3725: 3720: 3711: 3707: 3705: 3704:killer whales 3699: 3697: 3681: 3679: 3678:salt-receptor 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3574: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3554: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3514: 3510: 3509:invertebrates 3506: 3505:blood vessels 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3435:rete mirabile 3432: 3428: 3425:is 60 to 140 3424: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3411:muscular wall 3402: 3398: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3331: 3326: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3256: 3247: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3177: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3133: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3008:M. selenensis 3005: 3001: 2997: 2996: 2988: 2987: 2981: 2977: 2975: 2974: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2962: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2948: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2876: 2875: 2869: 2864: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2787: 2785: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2776: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2738: 2737: 2736:Praemegaptera 2732: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2714: 2713: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2691:Megapteropsis 2687: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2676: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2649: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2631: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2607: 2603: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2570: 2569: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2519: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2508:Palaeobalaena 2504: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2494: 2493: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2480: 2478: 2477: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2445: 2440: 2438: 2437: 2432: 2430: 2429: 2428:Eucetotherium 2424: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2413: 2412:Cephalotropis 2408: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2397: 2395: 2394: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2386:Cetotheriidae 2383: 2379: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2370: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2338: 2333: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2293: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2282: 2277: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2229: 2228: 2223: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2212: 2207: 2205: 2204: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2187: 2186: 2185:Peripolocetus 2181: 2179: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2146: 2141: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2123: 2122:bowhead whale 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2102:Balaenomorpha 2099: 2093: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2019: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2009: 2008: 2003: 2001: 2000: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1978: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1928: 1927:Willungacetus 1923: 1921: 1920: 1919:Morawanocetus 1915: 1913: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1877: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1855: 1843: 1841: 1834: 1826: 1825:Cetotheriidae 1820: 1812: 1810: 1803: 1793: 1791: 1784: 1776: 1774: 1767: 1759: 1757: 1750: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1708: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1683:Ancient Greek 1680: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1634:"mustache" + 1627: 1623: 1619: 1618:ho mustikētos 1609: 1600:), in which " 1599: 1598:Ancient Greek 1595: 1594: 1589: 1583: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1482:Omura's whale 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1434:Bryde's whale 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1395: 1393: 1392:living fossil 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1375:baleen plates 1372: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1340:B. mysticetus 1337: 1336:bowhead whale 1333: 1332: 1327: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1304: 1303: 1295: 1294: 1286: 1285: 1277: 1276: 1268: 1267: 1259: 1258: 1250: 1249: 1241: 1240: 1232: 1231: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1210:Bryde's whale 1205: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1172: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1134: 1133: 1127: 1126: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1110:Omura's whale 1105: 1104: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1078: 1072: 1071: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1016: 1015: 1009: 1008: 1002: 1001: 998: 997: 994: 992: 988: 982: 981: 975: 974: 971: 970: 962: 961: 958: 956: 952: 946: 945: 942: 941: 938: 936: 932: 926: 925: 919: 918: 912: 909: 908: 905: 904: 901: 899: 895: 889: 888:Cetotheriidae 886: 885: 879: 878: 875: 874: 866: 865: 857: 856: 848: 847: 844: 842: 838: 832: 831: 828: 827: 824: 822: 818: 812: 811: 805: 804: 801: 800: 797: 795: 791: 785: 784: 778: 777: 774: 773: 770: 768: 764: 763:Bowhead whale 758: 757: 751: 748: 747: 741: 740: 734: 731: 730: 726: 725: 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 682:Cetotheriidae 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 656: 652: 648: 642: 638: 628: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 593: 591: 587: 586:vocalizations 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 528:lunge-feeding 525: 524:baleen plates 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 496: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 461:Cetotheriidae 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 431: 427: 423: 420: 419:keratinaceous 417:), which use 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 397: 393: 389: 383: 356: 355:Baleen whales 345: 344: 342: 339: 335: 332: 328: 325: 321: 312: 309: 307: 304: 302: 299: 297: 296:Cetotheriidae 294: 292: 288: 286: 282: 281: 280: 277: 275: 271: 270: 269: 266: 264: 260: 258: 254: 252: 251: 246: 244: 243: 238: 237: 235: 232: 228: 224: 219: 216: 213: 212: 209: 206: 203: 202: 199: 196: 193: 192: 189: 186: 183: 182: 179: 176: 173: 172: 169: 166: 163: 162: 159: 156: 153: 152: 147: 142: 138: 135: 131: 127: 123: 118: 114: 109: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 57: 52: 47: 35:Baleen whales 33: 30: 19: 12236: 12127: 12115: 12104:T. shepherdi 12103: 12091: 12080:M. traversii 12079: 12070: 12061: 12052: 12043: 12034: 12025: 12016: 12007: 11998: 11990:M. europaeus 11989: 11980: 11971: 11962: 11953: 11944: 11924: 11913:I. pacificus 11912: 11900: 11888: 11879: 11859: 11847: 11838: 11829: 11817: 11784: 11772: 11747: 11739:P. gangetica 11738: 11726: 11701: 11689: 11664: 11655: 11646: 11634: 11609: 11601:K. breviceps 11600: 11588: 11563: 11551: 11543:Physeteridae 11526: 11516:Phocoenoides 11514: 11502: 11493: 11484: 11476:P. dioptrica 11475: 11463: 11451: 11442: 11422: 11390:M. monoceros 11389: 11377: 11365: 11353: 11345:Monodontidae 11329:T. truncatus 11328: 11320:T. erebennus 11319: 11311:T. australis 11310: 11301: 11281: 11269: 11257: 11245: 11237:S. frontalis 11236: 11227: 11218: 11210:S. attenuata 11209: 11197: 11185: 11176: 11167: 11159:S. chinensis 11158: 11138: 11126: 11117: 11105: 11093: 11081: 11069: 11057: 11045: 11033: 11022:O. heinsohni 11021: 11012: 11000: 10988: 10979: 10961:Lissodelphis 10959: 10947: 10938: 10929: 10921:L. australis 10920: 10911: 10902: 10890: 10878: 10866: 10854: 10842: 10830: 10821: 10803:Globicephala 10801: 10790:F. attenuata 10789: 10777: 10765: 10753: 10741: 10732: 10723: 10714: 10702: 10641:C. marginata 10640: 10628: 10603: 10591: 10579: 10578:Gray whale ( 10569:Eschrichtius 10567: 10555: 10546: 10537: 10528: 10527:Blue whale ( 10519: 10510: 10501: 10492: 10483: 10473:Balaenoptera 10471: 10438: 10430:E. glacialis 10429: 10421:E. australis 10420: 10400: 10388: 10376: 10352: 10337:Whippomorpha 10331:Artiodactyla 10200: 10196: 10169: 10151: 10116: 10112: 10082: 10061: 10028: 10025:"Gray whale" 9998: 9974: 9970: 9964: 9952:. Retrieved 9948: 9938: 9920:. Retrieved 9913:the original 9908: 9904: 9891: 9865: 9861: 9851: 9839:. Retrieved 9835: 9825: 9816: 9804: 9792:. Retrieved 9787: 9781: 9774: 9763:. Retrieved 9759: 9749: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9686: 9683: 9676: 9624: 9620: 9563: 9559: 9549: 9524: 9520: 9514: 9502:. Retrieved 9497: 9488: 9476:. Retrieved 9472: 9459: 9418: 9414: 9404: 9392:. Retrieved 9382: 9356: 9346: 9334:. Retrieved 9324: 9312:. Retrieved 9302: 9290:. Retrieved 9280: 9254: 9244: 9232:. Retrieved 9228: 9218: 9207:. Retrieved 9200:the original 9186: 9162: 9158: 9152: 9140:. Retrieved 9136: 9126: 9115:the original 9106: 9099: 9087:. Retrieved 9082: 9073: 9064: 9059: 9033: 8987: 8976: 8949: 8942: 8930:. Retrieved 8919: 8907:. Retrieved 8897: 8870: 8864: 8852:. Retrieved 8848: 8838: 8826:. Retrieved 8800: 8793:. Retrieved 8788: 8779: 8746: 8742: 8736: 8720: 8693: 8686: 8674:. Retrieved 8663: 8655: 8639: 8631: 8615: 8588: 8581: 8554: 8547: 8535:. Retrieved 8524: 8489: 8482: 8465: 8461: 8457: 8451: 8417: 8413: 8407: 8399: 8372: 8365: 8356: 8350: 8333: 8329: 8325: 8319: 8310: 8304: 8288: 8247:(105): 105. 8244: 8240: 8234: 8226: 8199: 8192: 8153:(1): 92–93. 8150: 8146: 8136: 8120: 8089:. Retrieved 8085: 8075: 8058: 8054: 8050: 8046: 8040: 8016:(1): 50–86. 8013: 8009: 8003: 7958: 7954: 7949:Orcinus orca 7948: 7940: 7905: 7901: 7891: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7795: 7791: 7781: 7769: 7726: 7716: 7681: 7677: 7667: 7634: 7630: 7624: 7574: 7570: 7556: 7521: 7517: 7465: 7461: 7451: 7439:. Retrieved 7435:the original 7424: 7398: 7350: 7346: 7336: 7320: 7278: 7274: 7268: 7260: 7244: 7211: 7208:Paleobiology 7207: 7197: 7188: 7176: 7160: 7125: 7121: 7111: 7099:. Retrieved 7095: 7085: 7058: 7051: 7035: 6989: 6982: 6966: 6950: 6925: 6917: 6871: 6864: 6839: 6835: 6829: 6797: 6793: 6780: 6753: 6727: 6703: 6699: 6686: 6644: 6640: 6630: 6614: 6598: 6586: 6545: 6541: 6508: 6504: 6452: 6448: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6343: 6339: 6329: 6313: 6297: 6285: 6236: 6232: 6226: 6183: 6179: 6169: 6134: 6130: 6072: 6068: 6012: 6008: 5994: 5952: 5948: 5938: 5926: 5891: 5887: 5877: 5847: 5839: 5807:(1): 94–96. 5804: 5800: 5790: 5732: 5728: 5714: 5687: 5680: 5649:(1): 15–37. 5646: 5642: 5632: 5589: 5585: 5575: 5556: 5552: 5546: 5538: 5518: 5511: 5471:(1): 63–80. 5468: 5464: 5454: 5422: 5418: 5362: 5358: 5320: 5316: 5271: 5261: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5173: 5169: 5163: 5155: 5128: 5121: 5102: 5097: 5035: 5031: 5021: 4997:(1): 77–90. 4994: 4990: 4980: 4953: 4949: 4939: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4883:(1): 73–88. 4880: 4876: 4868: 4856: 4832:(1): 32–50. 4829: 4825: 4814: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4754: 4742: 4725: 4719: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4663: 4628: 4622: 4589: 4585: 4582:Balaenoptera 4581: 4538: 4534: 4524: 4505: 4499: 4487:. Retrieved 4482: 4476: 4468: 4435: 4431: 4425: 4405: 4398: 4378: 4371: 4349: 4329: 4318:In captivity 4309: 4290: 4274: 4239: 4219: 4194:anti-whaling 4187: 4151:Rice's whale 4144: 4117: 4094: 4078:Newfoundland 4054: 4008: 4005:Intelligence 3996: 3985: 3914: 3910: 3908: 3884: 3872: 3845:liver flukes 3824: 3816: 3810: 3807:commensalism 3803:larval stage 3792: 3784:dusky sharks 3776: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3736: 3728: 3708: 3700: 3692: 3659: 3620: 3588: 3555: 3548: 3517: 3474: 3407: 3379: 3363: 3335: 3313:, they lack 3283: 3268: 3214: 3187: 3157: 3152: 3129: 3092:Eomysticetus 3090: 3084: 3073: 3058: 3027: 3023: 3007: 2993: 2992: 2989:, had teeth. 2984: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2915: 2905: 2879: 2872: 2843:nomen dubium 2842: 2836: 2830:nomen dubium 2829: 2823: 2817:nomen dubium 2816: 2812:Siphonocetus 2810: 2802: 2796:nomen dubium 2795: 2789: 2781: 2773: 2764: 2757: 2742: 2734: 2726: 2718: 2710: 2702: 2696:nomen dubium 2695: 2689: 2677: 2670: 2652:Eschrichtius 2650: 2643: 2635: 2627: 2620:nomen dubium 2618: 2612: 2606:Balaenoptera 2604: 2597: 2589: 2566: 2559:Superfamily 2548: 2540: 2532: 2523: 2517:Piscobalaena 2515: 2506: 2500:Otradnocetus 2498: 2490: 2482: 2474: 2466: 2460:Kurdalagonus 2458: 2450: 2444:Herpetocetus 2442: 2434: 2426: 2418: 2410: 2398: 2393:Brandtocetus 2391: 2377:Tranatocetus 2375: 2367: 2359: 2343: 2335: 2319: 2311: 2303: 2295: 2290:Diorocetidae 2279: 2274:Aglaocetidae 2265: 2257: 2249: 2241: 2233: 2225: 2217: 2209: 2201: 2183: 2175: 2167: 2158: 2151: 2143: 2135: 2126: 2118:right whales 2106:Superfamily 2089: 2081: 2073: 2065: 2057: 2051:Eomysticetus 2049: 2033: 2020:Superfamily 2013: 2005: 1997: 1981: 1965: 1957: 1941: 1936:Llanocetidae 1925: 1917: 1909: 1901: 1893: 1885: 1880:Aetiocetidae 1871: 1864: 1840:Balaenoptera 1839: 1811:, Balaenidae 1808: 1789: 1775:, Balaenidae 1772: 1756:Eschrichtius 1755: 1719:(a swarm of 1713: 1693: 1685: 1676: 1666: 1659: 1646: 1617: 1613:ὁ μυστικῆτος 1607: 1591: 1541: 1527:Sea of Japan 1517: 1514:Pterobalaena 1513: 1510:Balaenoptera 1509: 1501: 1493: 1485: 1477: 1469: 1461: 1453: 1450:Rice's whale 1445: 1442:Eden's whale 1437: 1429: 1421: 1413:Eschrichtius 1411: 1404: 1400:Balaenoptera 1398: 1396: 1382: 1378: 1370: 1368: 1364:E. glacialis 1363: 1360:E. australis 1359: 1355: 1339: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1208: 1188: 1159:Rice's whale 1157: 1139:Eden's whale 1137: 1108: 1075: 1039: 1019: 985: 949: 929: 892: 835: 815: 788: 761: 732: 706:artiodactyls 672:(rorquals), 666:right whales 644: 594: 544: 497: 473:mesonychians 398: 387: 354: 353: 278: 274:Aetiocetidae 267: 257:Llanocetidae 248: 240: 217: 204:Infraorder: 198:Artiodactyla 29: 12351:iNaturalist 12261:Wikispecies 12217:Marine Life 12035:M. layardii 11954:M. bowdoini 11902:Indopacetus 11485:P. phocoena 11424:Neophocoena 11412:(Porpoises) 11406:Phocoenidae 10980:L. borealis 10948:L. obscurus 10930:L. cruciger 10724:C. eutropia 10686:Delphinidae 10671:Odontoceti 10580:E. robustus 10547:B. physalus 10545:Fin whale ( 10529:B. musculus 10502:B. borealis 10500:Sei whale ( 10439:E. japonica 10323:Superorder 10317:Infraclass 10054:Cope, E. D. 9986:Works cited 9868:(4): 1–74. 9810:"Cetaceans" 9794:15 December 8849:The Monthly 8727:, pp. 8672:. Softpedia 8295:, pp. 7908:: 285–297. 7861:(1): 1–13. 7684:: 285–297. 7524:: 117–130. 6971:Tinker 1988 6906:Tinker 1988 6800:: 309–311. 6619:Tinker 1988 6603:Tinker 1988 6591:Tinker 1988 5868:10088/22502 5088:, pp. 4299:. However, 4103:New Bedford 4090:skirt hoops 4050:blue whales 4011:mirror test 3945:Spectrogram 3898:. They are 3892:promiscuous 3861:Whale penis 3780:sardine run 3739:euphausiids 3631:odontocetes 3562:vocal cords 3462:blood cells 3439:extremities 3383:Lung volume 3307:small hairs 3190:sea turtles 3141:mid-Miocene 3098:dorsal side 3004:Late Eocene 2973:Maiabalaena 2967:Cetotherium 2902:Archaeoceti 2728:Plesiocetus 2672:Gricetoides 2657:gray whales 2614:Burtinopsis 2577:: rorquals 2525:Titanocetus 2468:Metopocetus 2420:Cetotherium 2330:Pelocetidae 2259:Tiphyocetus 2177:Morenocetus 2108:Balaenoidea 2091:Yamatocetus 1895:Ashorocetus 1725:callosities 1689:(phállaina) 1516:, and have 1502:E. robustus 1496:), and the 1462:B. musculus 1430:B. borealis 1422:B. physalus 1387:genetically 1356:E. japonica 623:results in 555:crustaceans 346:Mystacoceti 291:Pelocetidae 268:Kinetomenta 214:Parvorder: 12474:Categories 12093:Tasmacetus 12053:M. perrini 12026:M. hotaula 12017:M. hectori 11926:Mesoplodon 11861:Hyperoodon 11848:B. minimus 11839:B. bairdii 11830:B. arnuxii 11774:Pontoporia 11728:Platanista 11302:T. aduncus 11219:S. clymene 11186:S. teuszii 11168:S. plumbea 11070:P. electra 10989:L. peronii 10855:G. griseus 10766:D. delphis 10742:C. hectori 10669:Parvorder 10461:(Rorquals) 10368:Balaenidae 10353:Mysticeti 10351:Parvorder 9977:: 181–189. 9954:29 January 9922:2016-03-14 9841:29 January 9765:2021-01-22 9504:29 January 9478:29 January 9394:29 January 9336:29 January 9314:30 January 9292:27 January 9234:27 January 9209:2016-11-15 9142:27 January 8932:25 January 8909:25 January 8828:25 January 8795:25 January 8111:, p. 8091:24 January 7441:23 January 7101:23 January 6926:Physiology 6734:, p. 6621:, p. 6605:, p. 6320:, p. 6304:, p. 4489:25 January 4358:References 4301:oil spills 4243:Greenpeace 4167:vulnerable 4163:endangered 4128:See also: 3999:infrasonic 3988:media help 3930:Whale song 3904:lek mating 3900:polygynous 3896:pair bonds 3859:See also: 3827:, forms a 3795:whale lice 3771:whale lice 3666:pheromones 3635:ultrasonic 3536:iron oxide 3532:Necropsies 3528:cerebellum 3497:neutralize 3495:liquid to 3431:heart rate 3370:whale song 3338:keratinous 3328:Accessory 3294:hypodermis 3165:upwellings 3075:Chonecetus 3071:aetiocetid 3059:Janjucetus 3028:Janjucetus 3024:Mammalodon 2986:Janjucetus 2952:Janjucetus 2947:Llanocetus 2941:Mammalodon 2916:Janjucetus 2892:or middle 2886:Odontoceti 2804:Piscocetus 2783:Imerocetus 2766:Amphiptera 2704:Notiocetus 2550:Zygiocetus 2492:Nannocetus 2484:Miocaperea 2452:Joumocetus 2436:Herentalia 2337:Cophocetus 2321:Thinocetus 2305:Diorocetus 2297:Amphicetus 2281:Aglaocetus 2267:Uranocetus 2251:Taikicetus 2227:Isanacetus 2145:Balaenotus 2137:Balaenella 2114:Balaenidae 1983:Mystacodon 1967:Mammalodon 1959:Janjucetus 1943:Llanocetus 1903:Chonecetus 1887:Aetiocetus 1721:small fish 1664:Old French 1498:gray whale 1458:blue whale 1077:Blue whale 987:Gray whale 750:Balaenidae 678:gray whale 662:Balaenidae 635:See also: 625:strandings 583:infrasonic 575:lek mating 571:whale song 504:blue whale 457:gray whale 433:Balaenidae 426:planktonic 331:16 species 306:Balaenidae 242:Borealodon 126:gray whale 12294:Mysticeti 12281:Mysticeti 12267:Mysticeti 12237:Mysticeti 12169:Cetaceans 11945:M. bidens 11819:Berardius 11801:Ziphiidae 11681:Lipotidae 11492:Vaquita ( 11388:Narwhal ( 11366:D. leucas 11083:Pseudorca 10912:L. acutus 10755:Delphinus 10593:Megaptera 10538:B. omurai 10511:B. brydei 10402:Eubalaena 10335:Suborder 10250:Mysticeti 10238:Mysticeti 10154:: 1–231. 10079:"Cetacea" 9159:Anthropos 8889:0821-1027 8537:6 January 8053:) calf". 8018:CiteSeerX 7932:0171-8630 7883:1748-7692 7822:1932-6203 7236:233517623 7044:pp. 93–94 6425:206152894 6261:0036-8075 6097:1941-1405 6029:0962-8452 5933:, p. 214. 5783:Uhen 2010 5688:Mammalogy 5495:694418047 5038:(4): 10. 4734:681455766 4671:Eubalaena 4655:225003187 4614:234256521 4363:Citations 4270:propeller 4231:North Sea 4057:Stone Age 3880:precocial 3841:nematodes 3732:gut flora 3689:Migration 3477:esophagus 3415:ventricle 3395:myoglobin 3315:sebaceous 3302:pigmented 3286:epidermis 3271:blowholes 3124:Megalodon 3114:megalodon 3087:radiation 3063:symphysis 3032:Australia 3016:Oligocene 3002:) in the 2936:premolars 2890:Oligocene 2825:Tretulias 2775:Halicetus 2679:Megaptera 2637:Diunatans 2369:Mixocetus 2361:Mesocetus 2345:Pelocetus 2243:Pinocetus 2235:Mauicetus 2203:Hibacetus 2169:Idiocetus 2160:Eubalaena 2153:Balaenula 2075:Tokarahia 2067:Tohoraata 2007:Sitsqwayk 1873:Coronodon 1790:Megaptera 1773:Eubalaena 1733:amphipods 1717:bait ball 1626:Rice 1998 1588:Aristotle 1538:Etymology 1518:Rorqualus 1486:B. omurai 1438:B. brydei 1426:Sei whale 1418:fin whale 1406:Megaptera 1326:Eubalaena 1190:Sei whale 1041:Fin whale 733:Mysticeti 702:porpoises 651:parvorder 647:cetaceans 551:Antarctic 536:blowholes 520:fin whale 477:molecular 443:whales), 415:porpoises 399:Mysticeti 396:parvorder 324:Diversity 250:Coronodon 231:Subgroups 223:Cope 1891 218:Mysticeti 164:Kingdom: 158:Eukaryota 18:Mysticeti 12382:14300002 12330:46559416 12301:BioLib: 12246:Wikidata 12117:Ziphius 12044:M. mirus 12008:M. grayi 11748:P. minor 11610:K. simus 11580:Kogiidae 11553:Physeter 11527:P. dalli 11494:P. sinus 11465:Phocoena 11283:Tursiops 11199:Stenella 11116:Tucuxi ( 11002:Orcaella 10879:L. hosei 10831:G. melas 10556:B. ricei 10520:B. edeni 10319:Eutheria 10313:Mammalia 10307:Chordata 10301:Animalia 10299:Kingdom 10160:40622084 10143:12100333 10135:21147977 10070:31419733 10056:(1891). 9949:LA Times 9661:22393434 9621:PLOS ONE 9592:24949229 9566:: e399. 9498:BBC News 9473:NY Times 9443:15959491 9229:LA Times 9171:40465273 9137:BBC News 8854:21 April 8789:BBC News 8763:19412956 8676:15 March 8436:86306680 8359:: 140–9. 8273:23594428 8177:17148335 7995:22520955 7961:(3): 3. 7840:28399142 7792:PLOS ONE 7708:24871544 7659:20816685 7609:26393325 7577:: 8285. 7565:(2015). 7548:24867995 7377:24803572 7305:22488847 7152:24620936 7144:17516447 6856:10936758 6671:20392736 6570:22622577 6487:15963380 6479:25942546 6370:25186496 6269:11125138 6218:38159932 6210:28586693 6161:28539520 6105:27620830 6047:28539520 5979:20525610 5918:17015308 5831:21849306 5767:54145119 5759:30503622 5665:18266181 5624:21680283 5616:29754903 5503:83913241 5397:27019734 5337:24684836 5200:19158011 5070:29632892 5013:15805012 4972:16330660 4931:24684836 4848:22226162 4799:23256199 4703:11091315 4460:14231425 4452:17051544 4061:harpoons 3837:cestodes 3743:copepods 3714:Foraging 3684:Behavior 3592:euphotic 3524:cerebrum 3493:alkaline 3391:embolism 3321:glands. 3145:tectonic 3132:lineages 3080:mandible 3067:maxillae 3018:are the 2924:incisors 2920:biosonar 2542:Vampalus 2534:Tiucetus 2352:†Family 2328:†Family 2288:†Family 2272:Family † 2211:Isocetus 2042:†Family 2026:†Family 2015:Whakakai 1999:Horopeta 1974:†Family 1950:†Family 1934:†Family 1878:Family † 1687:φάλλαινα 1653:plankton 1454:B. ricei 1446:B. edeni 698:dolphins 658:families 631:Taxonomy 559:polygyny 516:flippers 449:rorquals 430:families 411:dolphins 338:Synonyms 188:Mammalia 178:Chordata 174:Phylum: 168:Animalia 154:Domain: 12343:4352130 12252:Q168366 12205:Biology 12193:Animals 12181:Mammals 12155:Portals 11981:M. eueu 11700:Baiji ( 11691:Lipotes 11626:Iniidae 11379:Monodon 11107:Sotalia 11046:O. orca 11035:Orcinus 10844:Grampus 10630:Caperea 10378:Balaena 10305:Phylum 10290:species 10288:Cetacea 10286:Extant 10205:Bibcode 9741:7973606 9721:Bibcode 9652:3290562 9629:Bibcode 9583:4060020 9529:Bibcode 9451:4304077 9423:Bibcode 9089:17 July 8993:128–130 8771:6876656 8264:3673810 8168:1617185 7986:3310332 7963:Bibcode 7910:Bibcode 7863:Bibcode 7831:5388472 7800:Bibcode 7686:Bibcode 7639:Bibcode 7600:4595633 7579:Bibcode 7526:Bibcode 7368:4079202 7296:3488298 7216:Bibcode 6802:Bibcode 6662:2982044 6578:1200222 6550:Bibcode 6457:Bibcode 6417:2570423 6397:Bibcode 6361:4213350 6277:3179052 6241:Bibcode 6233:Science 6188:Bibcode 6152:5454272 6077:Bibcode 6038:5454272 5970:2777972 5909:1639514 5822:3259978 5737:Bibcode 5594:Bibcode 5473:Bibcode 5388:4807455 5367:Bibcode 5191:2827442 5061:5884691 5040:Bibcode 4790:3574355 4711:7166876 4683:Bibcode 4594:Bibcode 4557:9159931 4312:bycatch 4086:corsets 4074:Basques 3769:Orange 3655:cochlea 3651:Sinuses 3643:eardrum 3616:S-cones 3596:aphotic 3544:compass 3542:like a 3489:enzymes 3413:of the 3350:mineral 3275:cranium 3171:Anatomy 3137:copepod 3106:Miocene 3049:3.1.4.3 3046:3.1.4.3 3030:) from 2928:canines 2894:Miocene 2791:Mioceta 2573:Family 2400:Caperea 2384:Family 2128:Balaena 2112:Family 2083:Waharoa 1809:Balaena 1729:benthic 1696:whalers 1668:baleine 1488:), the 1472:), the 1464:), the 1456:), the 1424:), the 1383:Caperea 1331:Balaena 1316:complex 1097:complex 714:Cetacea 690:blubber 540:blubber 469:species 441:bowhead 403:Cetacea 394:of the 208:Cetacea 194:Order: 184:Class: 12457:148724 12431:800314 12415:NZOR: 12369:552298 12356:424321 10779:Feresa 10329:Order 10311:Class 10177: 10158: 10141: 10133: 10089: 10068: 10035: 10005: 9739: 9659: 9649: 9590: 9580: 9449: 9441: 9415:Nature 9363: 9261: 9169: 9085:. IUCN 9040: 8999: 8957: 8887: 8877: 8791:. 2004 8769: 8761: 8701: 8648: 8624:p. 102 8596: 8562: 8505: 8434: 8380: 8271: 8261: 8207: 8175: 8165: 8129:p. 457 8020: 7993: 7983: 7930: 7881: 7838: 7828: 7820: 7733: 7706: 7657: 7607: 7597: 7546: 7405: 7375: 7365: 7303: 7293: 7234: 7150: 7142: 7066: 7028:p. 101 6997: 6938: 6879: 6854: 6761: 6669: 6659: 6576: 6568: 6542:Nature 6485: 6477: 6423: 6415: 6368: 6358: 6275: 6267: 6259: 6216: 6208: 6159: 6149: 6103: 6095: 6045: 6035: 6027: 5977: 5967: 5916: 5906: 5829: 5819: 5765: 5757: 5695: 5663: 5622: 5614: 5526: 5501: 5493: 5437: 5395: 5385: 5335: 5278: 5198: 5188: 5136: 5109: 5068: 5058: 5011: 4970: 4929: 4846: 4797: 4787: 4732: 4726:Whales 4709: 4701: 4653: 4643: 4612: 4555: 4512: 4458: 4450: 4413: 4386: 3924:testes 3847:, and 3821:diatom 3608:retina 3577:Senses 3566:larynx 3481:acidic 3419:artery 3330:baleen 3296:, and 3290:dermis 3279:septum 3184:Motion 3102:palate 3061:, the 3036:rostra 2932:molars 2194:Clade 2100:Clade 1990:Clade 1911:Fucaia 1678:balæna 1649:baleen 1631:μύσταξ 704:) and 700:, and 694:whales 680:) and 655:extant 601:hunted 547:Arctic 518:. The 506:, the 459:) and 422:baleen 407:whales 390:, are 132:, and 12452:WoRMS 12444:42971 12317:62396 12304:20742 11590:Kogia 11259:Steno 11140:Sousa 10139:S2CID 9916:(PDF) 9901:(PDF) 9813:(PDF) 9691:(PDF) 9560:PeerJ 9447:S2CID 9203:(PDF) 9196:(PDF) 9167:JSTOR 9118:(PDF) 9111:(PDF) 8767:S2CID 8729:85–86 8432:S2CID 8297:86–87 7704:JSTOR 7544:JSTOR 7329:p. 94 7253:p. 96 7232:S2CID 7185:(PDF) 7169:p. 95 7148:S2CID 6975:p. 70 6959:p. 99 6910:p. 69 6790:(PDF) 6696:(PDF) 6574:S2CID 6483:S2CID 6421:S2CID 6273:S2CID 6214:S2CID 5763:S2CID 5620:S2CID 5499:S2CID 5439:90231 5435:S2CID 5333:S2CID 5227:p. 80 5090:80–81 4927:S2CID 4877:哺乳類科学 4873:(PDF) 4707:S2CID 4651:S2CID 4610:S2CID 4456:S2CID 4286:sonar 4249:(the 4199:Solor 4070:Inuit 3600:pupil 3558:melon 3513:urine 3459:white 3358:salts 3319:sweat 3221:navel 3194:otter 2884:from 2882:split 2838:Ulias 1857:The " 1675:word 1673:Latin 1637:κῆτος 1624:) in 1334:(the 573:) or 481:clade 463:(the 455:(the 437:right 12408:9761 12403:NCBI 12364:ITIS 12338:GBIF 11636:Inia 10175:ISBN 10156:OCLC 10131:PMID 10087:ISBN 10066:OCLC 10033:ISBN 10003:ISBN 9956:2016 9843:2016 9796:2016 9737:PMID 9657:PMID 9588:PMID 9506:2016 9480:2016 9439:PMID 9396:2016 9361:ISBN 9338:2016 9316:2016 9294:2016 9259:ISBN 9236:2016 9144:2016 9091:2013 9038:ISBN 8997:ISBN 8955:ISBN 8934:2016 8911:2016 8885:ISSN 8875:ISBN 8856:2016 8830:2016 8797:2016 8759:PMID 8699:ISBN 8678:2016 8646:ISBN 8594:ISBN 8560:ISBN 8539:2016 8503:ISBN 8460:)". 8378:ISBN 8269:PMID 8205:ISBN 8173:PMID 8093:2016 7991:PMID 7928:ISSN 7879:ISSN 7836:PMID 7818:ISSN 7731:ISBN 7655:PMID 7605:PMID 7443:2016 7403:ISBN 7373:PMID 7301:PMID 7140:PMID 7103:2016 7064:ISBN 6995:ISBN 6936:ISBN 6877:ISBN 6852:PMID 6759:ISBN 6736:1007 6667:PMID 6566:PMID 6475:PMID 6413:PMID 6366:PMID 6265:PMID 6257:ISSN 6206:PMID 6157:PMID 6101:PMID 6093:ISSN 6043:PMID 6025:ISSN 5975:PMID 5914:PMID 5827:PMID 5755:PMID 5693:ISBN 5661:PMID 5612:PMID 5524:ISBN 5491:OCLC 5393:PMID 5276:ISBN 5196:PMID 5134:ISBN 5107:ISBN 5066:PMID 5009:PMID 4968:PMID 4844:PMID 4795:PMID 4730:OCLC 4699:PMID 4641:ISBN 4553:PMID 4510:ISBN 4491:2016 4448:PMID 4411:ISBN 4384:ISBN 4188:The 4088:and 4066:meat 3829:film 3797:and 3604:lens 3594:and 3560:and 3457:and 3443:core 3354:wool 3348:, a 3317:and 3292:, a 3288:, a 3217:drag 3198:leap 3130:The 3112:and 3026:and 3010:had 2934:and 2926:and 2120:and 1596:(in 1525:and 1410:and 639:and 615:and 579:fast 549:and 439:and 413:and 46:PreꞒ 12390:NBN 12377:MSW 12325:EoL 12312:CoL 12289:AFD 12276:ADW 10213:doi 10121:doi 10117:214 9870:doi 9729:doi 9717:154 9647:PMC 9637:doi 9578:PMC 9568:doi 9537:doi 9431:doi 9419:435 8751:doi 8747:515 8495:doi 8470:doi 8422:doi 8338:doi 8259:PMC 8249:doi 8163:PMC 8155:doi 8063:doi 8028:doi 7981:PMC 7971:doi 7918:doi 7906:346 7871:doi 7826:PMC 7808:doi 7694:doi 7682:346 7647:doi 7635:267 7595:PMC 7587:doi 7534:doi 7522:289 7470:doi 7363:PMC 7355:doi 7291:PMC 7283:doi 7279:295 7224:doi 7130:doi 7126:290 6932:276 6844:doi 6840:126 6810:doi 6798:187 6708:doi 6657:PMC 6649:doi 6645:277 6558:doi 6546:485 6513:doi 6465:doi 6405:doi 6393:237 6356:PMC 6348:doi 6322:446 6249:doi 6237:290 6196:doi 6147:PMC 6139:doi 6135:284 6085:doi 6033:PMC 6017:doi 6013:284 5965:PMC 5957:doi 5904:PMC 5896:doi 5892:273 5863:hdl 5853:doi 5817:PMC 5809:doi 5745:doi 5651:doi 5602:doi 5561:doi 5557:158 5481:doi 5427:doi 5383:PMC 5375:doi 5325:doi 5249:doi 5186:PMC 5178:doi 5056:PMC 5048:doi 4999:doi 4958:doi 4919:doi 4885:doi 4834:doi 4830:335 4785:PMC 4777:doi 4773:280 4691:doi 4633:doi 4602:doi 4543:doi 4440:doi 4436:267 4098:USD 4082:oil 3913:or 3627:kHz 3455:red 3000:mya 1644:). 1616:" ( 1606:" ( 1590:'s 1480:), 1448:), 1440:), 1432:), 1366:). 668:), 483:of 451:), 12476:: 12454:: 12441:: 12428:: 12405:: 12392:: 12379:: 12366:: 12353:: 12340:: 12327:: 12314:: 12291:: 12278:: 12263:: 12248:: 10211:. 10201:38 10199:. 10137:. 10129:. 10115:. 10111:. 10081:. 10060:. 10027:. 9975:11 9973:. 9947:. 9909:27 9907:. 9903:. 9866:36 9864:. 9860:. 9834:. 9815:. 9786:. 9784:)" 9758:. 9735:. 9727:. 9715:. 9655:. 9645:. 9635:. 9623:. 9619:. 9607:^ 9586:. 9576:. 9562:. 9558:. 9535:. 9525:23 9523:. 9496:. 9471:. 9445:. 9437:. 9429:. 9417:. 9413:. 9355:. 9227:. 9163:91 9161:. 9135:. 9081:. 9032:. 9018:^ 8995:. 8985:. 8883:. 8847:. 8808:^ 8799:. 8787:. 8765:. 8757:. 8745:. 8654:. 8622:, 8501:. 8466:72 8464:. 8430:. 8418:93 8416:. 8412:. 8410:)" 8334:65 8332:. 8267:. 8257:. 8243:. 8239:. 8171:. 8161:. 8149:. 8145:. 8127:, 8113:85 8101:^ 8084:. 8059:66 8057:. 8026:. 8014:38 8012:. 7989:. 7979:. 7969:. 7957:. 7953:. 7926:. 7916:. 7904:. 7900:. 7877:. 7869:. 7857:. 7834:. 7824:. 7816:. 7806:. 7796:12 7794:. 7790:. 7752:^ 7725:. 7702:. 7692:. 7680:. 7676:. 7653:. 7645:. 7633:. 7603:. 7593:. 7585:. 7573:. 7569:. 7542:. 7532:. 7520:. 7516:. 7504:^ 7489:^ 7464:. 7460:. 7385:^ 7371:. 7361:. 7349:. 7345:. 7327:, 7299:. 7289:. 7277:. 7273:. 7251:, 7230:. 7222:. 7212:47 7210:. 7206:. 7187:. 7167:, 7146:. 7138:. 7124:. 7120:. 7094:. 7042:, 7026:, 7016:^ 6973:, 6957:, 6934:. 6908:, 6898:^ 6850:. 6838:. 6808:. 6796:. 6792:. 6743:^ 6704:35 6702:. 6698:. 6665:. 6655:. 6643:. 6639:. 6623:51 6607:50 6572:. 6564:. 6556:. 6544:. 6532:^ 6509:98 6507:. 6495:^ 6481:. 6473:. 6463:. 6453:25 6451:. 6447:. 6433:^ 6419:. 6411:. 6403:. 6391:. 6364:. 6354:. 6344:68 6342:. 6338:. 6306:80 6271:. 6263:. 6255:. 6247:. 6235:. 6212:. 6204:. 6194:. 6184:27 6182:. 6178:. 6155:. 6145:. 6133:. 6129:. 6113:^ 6099:. 6091:. 6083:. 6071:. 6055:^ 6041:. 6031:. 6023:. 6011:. 6007:. 5973:. 5963:. 5953:58 5951:. 5947:. 5912:. 5902:. 5890:. 5886:. 5861:. 5825:. 5815:. 5803:. 5799:. 5775:^ 5761:. 5753:. 5743:. 5733:28 5731:. 5727:. 5659:. 5647:57 5645:. 5641:. 5618:. 5610:. 5600:. 5590:28 5588:. 5584:. 5555:. 5551:. 5497:. 5489:. 5479:. 5467:. 5463:. 5433:. 5423:12 5421:. 5417:. 5405:^ 5391:. 5381:. 5373:. 5361:. 5357:. 5345:^ 5331:. 5321:18 5319:. 5297:^ 5245:36 5243:. 5225:, 5215:^ 5194:. 5184:. 5172:. 5168:. 5078:^ 5064:. 5054:. 5046:. 5034:. 5030:. 5007:. 4995:54 4993:. 4989:. 4966:. 4954:23 4952:. 4948:. 4925:. 4915:18 4913:. 4881:54 4875:. 4842:. 4824:. 4793:. 4783:. 4771:. 4767:. 4705:. 4697:. 4689:. 4677:. 4649:. 4639:. 4608:. 4600:. 4590:37 4588:. 4572:^ 4551:. 4539:14 4537:. 4533:. 4481:. 4454:. 4446:. 4434:. 4335:, 4251:UN 4237:. 4185:. 4025:. 3906:. 3851:. 3843:, 3839:, 3835:, 3823:, 3706:. 3698:. 3623:Hz 3618:. 3546:. 3212:. 3116:. 2682:– 2655:– 2403:, 2278:† 2116:: 1691:. 1579:aɪ 1573:iː 1338:, 716:. 696:, 660:: 592:. 495:. 475:, 409:, 376:iː 128:, 124:, 96:Pg 12157:: 12130:) 12106:) 12082:) 12073:) 12064:) 12055:) 12046:) 12037:) 12028:) 12019:) 12010:) 12001:) 11992:) 11983:) 11974:) 11965:) 11956:) 11947:) 11915:) 11891:) 11882:) 11850:) 11841:) 11832:) 11787:) 11750:) 11741:) 11704:) 11667:) 11658:) 11649:) 11612:) 11603:) 11566:) 11529:) 11505:) 11496:) 11487:) 11478:) 11454:) 11445:) 11392:) 11368:) 11331:) 11322:) 11313:) 11304:) 11272:) 11248:) 11239:) 11230:) 11221:) 11212:) 11188:) 11179:) 11170:) 11161:) 11129:) 11120:) 11096:) 11072:) 11048:) 11024:) 11015:) 10991:) 10982:) 10950:) 10941:) 10932:) 10923:) 10914:) 10905:) 10881:) 10857:) 10833:) 10824:) 10792:) 10768:) 10744:) 10735:) 10726:) 10717:) 10643:) 10606:) 10582:) 10558:) 10549:) 10540:) 10531:) 10522:) 10513:) 10504:) 10495:) 10486:) 10441:) 10432:) 10423:) 10391:) 10279:e 10272:t 10265:v 10219:. 10215:: 10207:: 10183:. 10162:. 10145:. 10123:: 10095:. 10072:. 10041:. 10011:. 9958:. 9925:. 9878:. 9872:: 9845:. 9798:. 9768:. 9743:. 9731:: 9723:: 9663:. 9639:: 9631:: 9625:7 9594:. 9570:: 9564:2 9543:. 9539:: 9531:: 9508:. 9482:. 9453:. 9433:: 9425:: 9398:. 9369:. 9340:. 9318:. 9296:. 9267:. 9238:. 9212:. 9173:. 9146:. 9093:. 9046:. 9005:. 8963:. 8936:. 8913:. 8891:. 8858:. 8832:. 8773:. 8753:: 8731:. 8707:. 8680:. 8626:. 8602:. 8568:. 8541:. 8511:. 8497:: 8476:. 8472:: 8438:. 8424:: 8386:. 8344:. 8340:: 8299:. 8275:. 8251:: 8245:6 8213:. 8179:. 8157:: 8151:2 8131:. 8115:. 8095:. 8069:. 8065:: 8034:. 8030:: 7997:. 7973:: 7965:: 7959:8 7934:. 7920:: 7912:: 7885:. 7873:: 7865:: 7859:2 7842:. 7810:: 7802:: 7739:. 7710:. 7696:: 7688:: 7661:. 7649:: 7641:: 7611:. 7589:: 7581:: 7575:6 7550:. 7536:: 7528:: 7476:. 7472:: 7466:1 7445:. 7411:. 7379:. 7357:: 7351:6 7331:. 7307:. 7285:: 7255:. 7238:. 7226:: 7218:: 7171:. 7154:. 7132:: 7105:. 7072:. 7046:. 7030:. 7003:. 6977:. 6961:. 6944:. 6912:. 6885:. 6858:. 6846:: 6816:. 6812:: 6804:: 6767:. 6738:. 6714:. 6710:: 6673:. 6651:: 6625:. 6609:. 6580:. 6560:: 6552:: 6519:. 6515:: 6489:. 6467:: 6459:: 6427:. 6407:: 6399:: 6372:. 6350:: 6324:. 6308:. 6279:. 6251:: 6243:: 6220:. 6198:: 6190:: 6163:. 6141:: 6107:. 6087:: 6079:: 6073:9 6049:. 6019:: 5981:. 5959:: 5920:. 5898:: 5871:. 5865:: 5855:: 5833:. 5811:: 5805:8 5769:. 5747:: 5739:: 5701:. 5667:. 5653:: 5626:. 5604:: 5596:: 5569:. 5563:: 5532:. 5505:. 5483:: 5475:: 5469:8 5441:. 5429:: 5399:. 5377:: 5369:: 5363:2 5339:. 5327:: 5284:. 5255:. 5251:: 5229:. 5202:. 5180:: 5174:6 5166:" 5142:. 5115:. 5092:. 5072:. 5050:: 5042:: 5036:4 5015:. 5001:: 4974:. 4960:: 4933:. 4921:: 4891:. 4887:: 4850:. 4836:: 4801:. 4779:: 4736:. 4713:. 4693:: 4685:: 4679:9 4657:. 4635:: 4616:. 4604:: 4596:: 4559:. 4545:: 4518:. 4493:. 4475:" 4462:. 4442:: 4419:. 4392:. 3990:. 3470:× 3466:× 3453:( 3042:( 3022:( 2845:) 2841:( 2835:† 2832:) 2828:( 2822:† 2819:) 2815:( 2809:† 2801:† 2798:) 2794:( 2788:† 2780:† 2772:† 2741:† 2733:† 2725:† 2717:† 2709:† 2701:† 2698:) 2694:( 2688:† 2669:† 2642:† 2634:† 2626:† 2623:) 2617:( 2611:† 2596:† 2588:† 2565:† 2547:† 2539:† 2531:† 2528:? 2522:† 2514:† 2511:? 2505:† 2497:† 2489:† 2481:† 2473:† 2465:† 2457:† 2449:† 2441:† 2433:† 2425:† 2417:† 2409:† 2390:† 2374:† 2366:† 2358:† 2342:† 2334:† 2318:† 2310:† 2302:† 2294:† 2264:† 2256:† 2248:† 2240:† 2232:† 2224:† 2216:† 2208:† 2200:† 2182:† 2174:† 2166:† 2150:† 2142:† 2134:† 2088:† 2080:† 2072:† 2064:† 2056:† 2048:† 2032:† 2012:† 2004:† 1996:† 1980:† 1964:† 1956:† 1940:† 1924:† 1916:† 1908:† 1900:† 1892:† 1884:† 1870:† 1859:† 1582:/ 1576:t 1570:s 1567:ˈ 1564:ɪ 1561:t 1558:s 1555:ɪ 1552:m 1549:ˌ 1546:/ 1500:( 1492:( 1484:( 1476:( 1468:( 1460:( 1452:( 1444:( 1436:( 1428:( 1420:( 1408:, 1402:, 684:( 676:( 664:( 569:( 447:( 435:( 405:( 382:/ 379:n 373:l 370:ˈ 367:ə 364:b 361:/ 357:( 289:† 283:† 272:† 261:† 255:† 247:† 239:† 101:N 91:K 86:J 81:T 76:P 71:C 66:D 61:S 56:O 51:Ꞓ 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index