1019:
116:
1465:
1195:
1785:
1111:
1885:
1308:
to 25 minutes, but can vary in depth, depending on the season and local variation between environments. For example, in the Baffin Bay wintering grounds, narwhals tend to dive deep within the precipitous coasts, typically south of Baffin Bay. This suggests differences in habitat structure, prey availability, or genetic adaptations between subpopulations. In the northern wintering grounds, narwhals do not dive as deep as the southern population, in spite of greater water depths in these areas. This is mainly attributed to prey being concentrated nearer to the surface, which causes narwhals to alter their foraging strategies.
1669:
1456:
most commonly used to communicate with other pod members. Calls recorded from the same pod are more similar than calls from different pods, suggesting the possibility of group- or individual-specific calls. Narwhals sometimes adjust the duration and pitch of their pulsed calls to maximise sound propagation in varying acoustic environments. Other sounds produced by narwhals include trumpeting and "squeaking-door sounds". The narwhal vocal repertoire is similar to that of the beluga whale. However, the frequency ranges, durations, and repetition rates of narwhal clicks differ from those of belugas.
1292:
1535:. Several cases of sea entrapment were recorded in 2008–2010, during the Arctic winter, including in some places where such events had never been recorded before. This suggests later departure dates from summering grounds. Wind and currents move sea ice from adjacent locations to Greenland, leading to fluctuations in concentration. Due to their tendency of returning to the same areas, changes in weather and ice conditions are not always associated with narwhal movement toward open water. It is currently unclear to what extent sea ice changes pose a danger to narwhals.
335:
125:
191:
1033:
149:
11807:
11831:
11819:
1018:
1684:, which are commercially traded. About 1,000 narwhals are killed per year: 600 in Canada and 400 in Greenland. Canadian catches were steady at this level in the 1970s, dropped to 300–400 per year in the late 1980s and 1990s and have risen again since 1999. Greenland caught more, 700–900 per year, in the 1980s and 1990s.
1455:
typically fall between 19 and 48 hertz. Sounds are reflected off the sloping front of the skull and focused by the animal's melon, which can be controlled through surrounding musculature. Echolocation clicks are used for detecting prey and locating barriers at short distances. Whistles and throbs are
1428:
evolved menopause to acquire higher overall longevity, though their reproductive periods did not change. To explain this, scientists hypothesised that calves of the five
Odontoceti species require the assistance of menopausal females for an enhanced chance at survival, as they are extremely difficult
1122:
that projects from the left side of the upper jaw. Both sexes have a pair of tusks embedded in the upper jaw, which in males erupts at two or three. The tusk grows throughout the animal's life, reaching lengths of 1.5 to 3 m (4 ft 11 in to 9 ft 10 in). It is hollow and weighs
2613:
Louis, Marie; Skovrind, Mikkel; Samaniego
Castruita, Jose Alfredo; Garilao, Cristina; Kaschner, Kristin; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Haile, James S.; Lydersen, Christian; Kovacs, Kit M.; Garde, Eva; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Postma, Lianne; Ferguson, Steven H.; Willerslev, Eske; Lorenzen, Eline D. (29
1722:
is the primary cause of bioaccumulation in marine mammals; this may lead to health problems for the narwhal population. When bioaccumulating, numerous metals appear in the blubber, liver, kidney and musculature. A study found that the blubber was nearly devoid of these metals, whereas the liver and
1307:
When in their wintering waters, narwhals make some of the deepest dives recorded for cetaceans, diving to at least 800 m (2,620 ft) over 15 times per day, with many dives reaching 1,500 m (4,920 ft). The greatest dive depth recorded is 2,370 m (7,780 ft). Dives last up
1519:
in late autumn. This is known as "sea-ice entrapment". Narwhals drown if open water is no longer accessible and ice is too thick for them to break through. Breathing holes in ice may be up to 1,450 m (4,760 ft) apart, which limits the use of foraging grounds. These holes must be at least
1397:
lasts 15 months, and births appear to be most frequent between July and August. A female has a birth interval of around 2–3 years. As with most marine mammals, only a single young is born, averaging 1.5 m (4.9 ft) in length with white or light grey pigmentation. Summer population surveys
1050:
at 12 to 20 years of age, reaching a length of 3.5 to 4.0 m (11.5 to 13.1 ft). Females become sexually mature at a younger age between 8 and 9 years old, when they are about 3.4 m (11 ft) long. On average, males are about 70 cm (28 in) longer and more than 75% heavier
1078:
are jointed, instead of being fused as in most whales; this allows a greater range of neck flexibility. These characteristics—a dorsal ridge and jointed neck vertebrae—are shared by the beluga whale. Male and female narwhals have different tail flukes; the former are bent inward, while the latter
1303:
of three to eight—and sometimes up to twenty—individuals. Groups may be "nurseries" with only females and young, or can contain only juveniles or adult males ("bulls"); mixed groups can occur at any time of year. In the summer, several groups come together, forming larger aggregations which can
1750:
due to sea ice decline, especially in their northern wintering grounds such as the Baffin Bay and Davis Strait regions. Satellite data collected from these areas shows the amount of sea ice has been markedly reduced from what it was previously. It is thought that narwhals' foraging ranges
1145:
that connect seawater stimuli to the brain, allowing the narwhal to sense temperature variability in its surroundings. These nerves may be able to pick up the slightest increase or decrease in the magnitude of particles and water pressure. According to Dr. Martin Nweeia, male narwhals may rid
3401:
Nweeia, Martin T.; Eichmiller, Frederick C.; Hauschka, Peter V.; Donahue, Gretchen A.; Orr, Jack R.; Ferguson, Steven H.; Watt, Cortney A.; Mead, James G.; Potter, Charles W.; Dietz, Rune; Giuseppetti, Anthony A.; Black, Sandie R.; Trachtenberg, Alexander J.; Kuo, Winston P. (18 March 2014).
1763:
experienced an increase in the number of caught narwhals, but this increase did not seem to be linked to enhanced endeavour, implying that climate change may be making the narwhal more vulnerable to hunting. Scientists recommend assessing population numbers, assigning sustainable
1045:
The narwhal has a thickset body with a short, blunt snout, small upcurved flippers, and convex to concave tail flukes. Adults measure in body-to-tail length from 3.0 to 5.5 m (9.8 to 18.0 ft) and weigh 800 to 1,600 kg (1,800 to 3,500 lb). Male narwhals attain
1546:. In some instances, the former have been recorded waiting at breathing holes for young narwhals, while the latter were observed surrounding and killing entire narwhal pods. To escape predators such as orcas, narwhals may use prolonged submersion to hide under
1162:, making them easier to catch for feeding. Females, who usually do not have tusks, live longer than males, hence the tusk cannot be essential to the animal's survival. It is generally accepted that the primary function of the narwhal tusk is associated with
1123:
up to 7.45 kg (16.4 lb). Some males may grow two tusks, occurring when the right canine also protrudes through the lip. Females rarely grow tusks: when they do, the tusks are typically smaller than those of males, with less noticeable spirals.
5639:
1796:
for millennia. Their long, distinctive tusks were often held with fascination throughout human history. These tusks were prized for their supposed healing powers, and were worn on staffs and thrones. Depictions of narwhals in paintings such as
578:. The remains of an abnormal-looking whale, described by marine zoologists as unlike any known species, were found in West Greenland around 1990. It had features midway between a narwhal and a beluga, indicating that the remains belonged to a
4471:
Chambault, P.; Tervo, O. M.; Garde, E.; Hansen, R. G.; Blackwell, S. B.; Williams, T. M.; Dietz, R.; Albertsen, C. M.; Laidre, K. L.; Nielsen, N. H.; Richard, P.; Sinding, M. H. S.; Schmidt, H. C.; Heide-Jørgensen, M. P. (29 October 2020).
1377:, under dense pack ice. During the summer, they eat mostly Arctic cod and Greenland halibut, with other fish such as polar cod making up the remainder of their diet. Narwhals consume more food in the winter months than they do in summer.
526:, meaning 'corpse-whale', which possibly refers to the animal's grey, mottled skin and its habit of remaining motionless when at the water's surface, a behaviour known as "logging" that usually happens in the summer. The scientific name,
1755:
rather than individual-level responses to local prey distribution, resulting in focal foraging areas during the winter. As such, despite changing conditions, narwhals will continue to return to the same areas during migration.
6614:
2133:
669:
of the eastern and western United States. Fossil evidence shows that ancient white whales lived in tropical waters. They may have migrated to Arctic and subarctic waters in response to changes in the marine food chain.
5055:
4718:
6686:
4645:
1649:
2374:
Skovrind, Mikkel; Castruita, Jose
Alfredo Samaniego; Haile, James; Treadaway, Eve C.; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Westbury, Michael V.; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Szpak, Paul; Lorenzen, Eline D. (20 June 2019).
1931:
Across medieval Europe, narwhal tusks were given as state gifts to kings and queens. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the price tag of tusks was said to be a couple of hundred times greater than its weight in
1354:), both of which are found in depths of more than 500 m (1,600 ft). The study also concluded that the size of prey did not differ among genders or ages. Other items found in stomachs have included
6157:
3881:
Nweeia, Martin T.; Eichmiller, Frederick C.; Hauschka, Peter V.; Tyler, Ethan; Mead, James G.; Potter, Charles W.; Angnatsiak, David P.; Richard, Pierre R.; Orr, Jack R.; Black, Sandie R. (30 March 2012).
1258:
to preferred ice-free summering grounds, usually in shallow waters. In summer months, they move closer to coasts, often in pods of 10–100. In the winter, they move to offshore, deeper waters under thick
1271:. Narwhals in Baffin Bay typically travel further north, to northern Canada and Greenland, between June and September. After this period, they travel about 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi) south to the
1070:. This whitening occurs throughout life, resulting in aged narwhals that are almost pure white. Unlike most whales, the narwhal has a shallow dorsal ridge, rather than a dorsal fin. This is possibly an
1182:
in the upper jaw. These teeth, which differ in form and composition, encircle the exposed tooth sockets laterally, posteriorly, and ventrally. Vestigial teeth in male narwhals are commonly shed in the
115:
1613:. As of 2017, the global population is estimated to be 123,000 mature individuals out of a total of 170,000. There were about 12,000 narwhals in Northern Hudson Bay in 2011, and around 49,000 near
1417:
their mother's milk, which is rich in fat; calves are dependent on milk for about 20 months. This long lactation period gives calves time to learn skills they will need to survive as they mature.
1656:(CMS). These committees restrict international trading of live animals and their body parts, as well as implement sustainable action plans. The species is classified as special concern under the
6734:"What about exotic species? Significance of remains of strange and alien animals in the Baltic Sea region, focusing on the period from the Viking Age to high medieval times (800–1300 CE)"
1443:
Like most toothed whales, narwhals use sound to navigate and hunt for food. They primarily vocalise through clicks, whistles and knocks, created by air movement between chambers near the
1126:
The function of the narwhal tusk is debated. Some biologists suggest that narwhals use their tusks in fights, while others argue that they may be of use in feeding. There is, however, a
11956:
1653:
4787:
1687:
Narwhal tusks are sold both carved and uncarved in Canada and
Greenland. Per hunted narwhal, an average of one or two vertebrae and one or two teeth are sold. In Greenland, the skin (
1393:
behaviour for the species has been recorded from March to May, when they are in offshore pack ice, and is thought to involve a dominant male mating with several partners. The average
3752:
6813:
413:, along with the jointed neck vertebrae and shallow dorsal ridge allow for easy movement through the Arctic environment, where the narwhal spends extended periods at great depths.
1868:, the narwhal's tusk was created when a woman with harpoon rope tied around her waist was dragged into the ocean after the harpoon had stuck into a large narwhal. She was then
5148:
Senevirathna, Jayan
Duminda Mahesh; Yonezawa, Ryo; Saka, Taiki; Igarashi, Yoji; Funasaka, Noriko; Yoshitake, Kazutoshi; Kinoshita, Shigeharu; Asakawa, Shuichi (January 2021).
1194:
5736:
3461:
Dietz, Rune; Desforges, Jean-Pierre; Rigét, Frank F.; Aubail, Aurore; Garde, Eva; Ambus, Per; Drimmie, Robert; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Sonne, Christian (10 May 2021).
1424: and live for decades after they have finished breeding. Females in this phase may continue to protect calves in the pod. A 2024 study concluded that five species of
5817:
Nielsen, Ole; Rodrigues, Thaís C. S.; Marcoux, Marianne; Béland, Karine; Subramaniam, Kuttichantran; Lair, Stéphane; Hussey, Nigel E.; Waltzek, Thomas B. (6 July 2023).
2142:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata
5881:
4929:
Blackwell, Susanna B.; Tervo, Outi M.; Conrad, Alexander S.; Sinding, Mikkel H. S.; Hansen, Rikke G.; Ditlevsen, Susanne; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter (13 June 2018).
1464:
3859:
1657:
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reflect patterns they acquired early in life, which improves their capacity to obtain the food supplies they need for the winter. This strategy focuses on strong
5189:
Zahn, Marie J.; Rankin, Shannon; McCullough, Jennifer L. K.; Koblitz, Jens C.; Archer, Frederick; Rasmussen, Marianne H.; Laidre, Kristin L. (12 November 2021).
1275:, and stay there until April. During winter, narwhals from Canada and West Greenland regularly visit the pack ice of the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay along the
2171:
3022:
Garde, Eva; Hansen, Steen H.; Ditlevsen, Susanne; Tvermosegaard, Ketil
Biering; Hansen, Johan; Harding, Karin C.; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter (7 July 2015).
2028:
1098:
in the narwhal are highly adapted for prolonged periods of deep-sea foraging. During such activities, oxygen is reserved in the muscles, which are typically
10899:
10769:
1699:, and in Canada to other communities. Based on an analysis of 2007 narwhal hunts in Hudson Bay, a 2013 paper estimated that gross revenue per narwhal was
460:
from March to May, and the young are born in July or August of the following year. When communicating, a variety of clicks, whistles and knocks are used.
1565:
9927:
9853:
3714:
1094:, around 50 to 100 mm (2.0 to 3.9 in) thick. This fat accounts for a third of the body mass and helps insulate from cold ocean temperatures.
3116:
Dietz, Rune; Shapiro, Ari D.; Bakhtiari, Mehdi; Orr, Jack; Tyack, Peter L; Richard, Pierre; Eskesen, Ida Grønborg; Marshall, Greg (19 November 2007).
11491:
10809:
10749:
9518:
5126:
3956:
11436:
11399:
10879:
10558:
10468:
9328:
1571:
12034:
11233:
11203:
11139:
10951:
10922:
10779:
10223:
10004:
9893:
9621:
9198:
5041:
Europe's Sea
Mammals Including the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands and Cape Verde: A field guide to the whales, dolphins, porpoises and seals
3506:
6555:"Norse Greenland settlement: reflections on climate change, trade, and the contrasting fates of human settlements in the North Atlantic islands"
2451:
11581:
11524:
11389:
11243:
10944:
10930:
10869:
10849:
10598:
10535:
10398:
10266:
10072:
9994:
9833:
9593:
9542:
9208:
9178:
468:
3439:
1062:, with blackish-brown markings over a white background. At birth, the skin is light grey, and when sexually mature, white patches grow on the
12125:
12073:
11460:
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11119:
10789:
10488:
10062:
9773:
9565:
9168:
9158:
4779:
4006:
3741:
1743:
were not nearly as abundant. Individuals of different weight and sex showed dissimilarities in the concentration of metals in their organs.
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11005:
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10042:
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themselves of encrustations on their tusks by rubbing them together, as opposed to posturing displays of aggressive male-to-male rivalry.
11409:
11223:
10645:
10324:
10202:
9863:
9439:
6790:
11098:
10358:
9579:
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disrupt the narwhal's normal migration patterns. These disturbed migrations may also be associated with increased sea ice entrapment.
5623:
5374:
Jones, Joshua M.; Frasier, Kaitlin E.; Westdal, Kristin H.; Ootoowak, Alex J.; Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A. (1 March 2022).
1900:
The narwhal tusk has been highly sought-after in Europe for centuries. This stems from a medieval belief that narwhal tusks were the
1304:
contain 500 to over 1,000 individuals. Male narwhals have been observed rubbing each other's tusks, a behaviour known as "tusking".
456:. It travels in groups of three to eight, with aggregations of up to 1,000 occurring in the summer months. It mates in the offshore
12008:
9278:
1833:, the raw skin and attached blubber, is considered a delicacy. As a custom, one or two vertebrae per animal are used for tools and
5732:
4149:
Laidre, Kristin L.; Stirling, Ian; Lowry, Lloyd F.; Wiig, Øystein; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Ferguson, Steven H. (March 2008).
12047:
4066:
2991:
12280:
12164:
12091:
6913:
6825:
6784:
6510:
6209:
Dietz, R.; Riget, F.; Hobson, K.; Heidejorgensen, M.; Moller, P.; Cleemann, M.; Deboer, J.; Glasius, M. (20 September 2004).
6187:
5633:
5606:
5049:
5016:
4753:
4686:
4294:
4215:
3950:
3685:
3539:
3001:
2308:
12052:
6369:
Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Hansen, Rikke
Guldborg; Westdal, Kristin; Reeves, Randall R.; Mosbech, Anders (February 2013).
5870:
3666:
Loch, Carolina; Fordyce, R. Ewan; Werth, Alexander (2023), Würsig, Bernd; Orbach, Dara N. (eds.), "Skulls, teeth, and sex",
3349:"Physiological consequences of Arctic sea ice loss on large marine carnivores: unique responses by polar bears and narwhals"
2905:
12310:
9037:
1222:; off the east coast of Greenland; and in a strip running east from the northern end of Greenland round to eastern Russia (
5039:
4702:
3855:
4629:
3979:"Distribution and migrations of cetaceans in the Russian Arctic according to observations from aerial ice reconnaissance"
6033:
587:
12275:
11995:
4452:
4345:
Laidre, Kristin L.; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Dietz, Rune; Hobbs, Roderick C.; Jørgensen, Ole A. (17 October 2003).
1962:
Considered to have magical properties, narwhal tusks were used to counter poisoning, and all sorts of diseases such as
4310:
2107:
1527:
In 1914–1915, around 1,000 narwhal carcasses were discovered after entrapment events, most occurring in areas such as
574:
Although the narwhal and beluga are classified as separate genera, there is some evidence that they may, very rarely,
12320:
12138:
7140:
6669:
6537:
4862:
Ellis, Samuel; Franks, Daniel W.; Nielsen, Mia Lybkær
Kronborg; Weiss, Michael N.; Croft, Darren P. (13 March 2024).
4814:"Ontogenetic profiles of dentine isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) reveal variable narwhal Monodon monoceros nursing duration"
4712:
4639:
2899:
2276:
2226:
6687:"When ivory came from the seas. On some traits of the trade of raw and carved sea-mammal ivories in the Middle Ages"
5437:
Garde, Eva; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Hansen, Steen H.; Nachman, Gösta; Forchhammer, Mads C. (28 February 2007).
3529:
12229:
8180:
4667:
Würsig, Bernd; Rich, Jacquline; Orbach, Dara N. (2023), Würsig, Bernd; Orbach, Dara N. (eds.), "Sex and
Behavior",
2164:
1131:
12130:
2020:
8162:
3183:
Fontanella, Janet E.; Fish, Frank E.; Rybczynski, Natalia; Nweeia, Martin T.; Ketten, Darlene R. (October 2011).
2832:"First monodontid cetacean (Odontoceti, Delphinoidea) from the early Pliocene of the north-western Pacific Ocean"
512:
325:
283:
4539:"Detecting narwhal foraging behaviour from accelerometer and depth data using mixed-effects logistic regression"
1978:. After the unicorn notion was scientifically refuted, narwhal tusks were rarely employed for magical purposes.
1559:
in the bloodstreams of numerous narwhals throughout the course of a 19-year study. They were also recorded with
1410:. These findings suggest that higher calf counts may reflect calving and nursery habitats in favourable inlets.
8886:
1648:, the United States banned imports of products made from narwhal parts. They are listed on Appendix II of the
1342:) were discovered. Males were more likely than females to consume two additional prey species: polar cod (
5760:"A review of circumpolar Arctic marine mammal health—a call to action in a time of rapid environmental change"
5758:
Barratclough, Ashley; Ferguson, Steven H.; Lydersen, Christian; Thomas, Peter O.; Kovacs, Kit M. (July 2023).
4812:
Zhao, Shu-Ting; Matthews, Cory J. D.; Davoren, Gail K.; Ferguson, Steven H.; Watt, Cortney A. (24 June 2021).
1242:. There are an estimated 12,500 narwhals in northern Hudson Bay, whereas around 140,000 reside in Baffin Bay.
12290:
12247:
12112:
8303:
8028:
8019:
2830:
Ichishima, Hiroto; Furusawa, Hitoshi; Tachibana, Makino; Kimura, Masaichi (May 2019). Hautier, Lionel (ed.).
11912:
3800:
Kelley, Trish C.; Stewart, Robert E. A.; Yurkowski, David J.; Ryan, Anna; Ferguson, Steven H. (April 2015).
3706:
1723:
kidneys had a dense concentration of them. Relative to the liver, the kidney has a greater concentration of
397:. Males of this species have a large 1.5–3.0 m (4 ft 11 in – 9 ft 10 in) long
8832:
7849:
7840:
7772:
1645:
1516:
1332:
12086:
11930:
11885:
8931:
8859:
8070:
8037:
7799:
5078:
5004:
4741:
4096:
3934:
3079:"Population dynamics of the narwhal Monodon monoceros: an initial assessement (Odontoceti: Monodontidae)"
2328:
1207:
11935:
12295:
12285:
11797:
10505:
8964:
8955:
7882:
7290:
5255:
5150:"Transcriptomic insight into the melon morphology of toothed whales for aquatic molecular developments"
4443:
Davis, Randall W. (2019). "Appendix 3. Maximum Recorded Dive Depths and Durations for Marine Mammals".
3250:
3184:
921:
6211:"Regional and inter annual patterns of heavy metals, organochlorines and stable isotopes in narwhals (
4537:
Jensen, Frederik H.; Tervo, Outi M.; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Ditlevsen, Susanne (25 March 2023).
3462:
2474:
1707:, but they continue mainly to support tradition, rather than for profit. Economic analysis noted that
1641:
are 16,000, 8,000 and 3,000, respectively. There are roughly 800 narwhals in the waters off Svalbard.
12234:
10652:
10294:
8850:
8805:
8773:
8764:
8749:
8740:
8590:
8189:
8046:
7299:
2681:
2441:
1614:
1489:
1403:
472:
5191:"Acoustic differentiation and classification of wild belugas and narwhals using echolocation clicks"
2764:
1841:, which is otherwise difficult to obtain in the Arctic Circle. In some places in Greenland, such as
452:. Plunging at depths of up to 2,370 m (7,780 ft), the narwhal is among the deepest-diving
190:
12315:
10605:
9030:
8988:
8979:
8913:
8877:
8841:
8814:
8690:
8363:
8312:
8097:
7682:
4397:
3403:
3301:
2081:
1799:
20:
12104:
6067:
12208:
8699:
8507:
7691:
5621:
3978:
2473:
Waddell, Victor G.; Milinkovitch, Michel C.; Bérubé, Martine; Stanhope, Michael J. (1 May 2000).
1956:
1186:. The varied morphology and anatomy of small teeth indicate a path of evolutionary obsolescence.
1147:
1071:
845:
2268:
2262:
12195:
12039:
11847:
11339:
8904:
8868:
8823:
8708:
8516:
7593:
7575:
3251:"Extreme physiological adaptations as predictors of climate-change sensitivity in the narwhal (
811:
655:
6774:
5485:
Laidre, Kristin; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Stern, Harry; Richard, Pierre (1 January 2012).
3559:
3558:
Garde, Eva; Peter Heide-Jørgensen, Mads; Ditlevsen, Susanne; Hansen, Steen H. (January 2012).
2690:) from the lower Pliocene of Italy supports a warm-water origin for narwhals and white whales"
2243:
1784:
1759:
Reduction in sea ice has possibly led to increased exposure to predation. In 2002, hunters in
1118:
The most conspicuous characteristic of the male narwhal is a long, spiralled tusk, which is a
12300:
12190:
11763:
11598:
8130:
8121:
7353:
7133:
5384:) echolocation click detection and differentiation from long-term Arctic acoustic recordings"
1916:
began trade of narwhal tusks, which, via European channels, would later reach markets in the
947:
623:
305:
12182:
6371:"Narwhals and seismic exploration: is seismic noise increasing the risk of ice entrapments?"
4034:
3775:"Drone-shot video may have just solved 400-year debate over what narwhal tusks are used for"
2303:. Internet Archive. Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 135–137.
1413:
Newborn calves begin their lives with a thin layer of blubber. The blubber thickens as they
1267:. As spring comes, these leads open up into channels and the narwhals return to the coastal
1238:. The northernmost sightings of narwhals have occurred north of Franz Joseph Land, at about
1110:
12065:
11969:
11894:
8599:
8525:
7763:
7281:
6860:
6382:
6335:
6288:
6226:
5678:
5553:
5498:
5395:
5322:
5271:
5202:
5094:
4942:
4875:
4825:
4550:
4485:
4409:
4362:
4249:
4162:
4112:
3821:
3474:
3266:
3200:
3129:
2843:
2788:
2701:
2502:
2388:
2340:
1971:
1344:
1127:
647:
central Italy was described as a possible narwhal ancestor when it was discovered in 2019.
429:
11899:
3604:
8:
11673:
11646:
9023:
8940:
8895:
8608:
8336:
7823:
7739:
7730:
7602:
7073:
6465:
6448:
4236:
Laidre, K. L.; Heide-Jørgensen, M. P.; Jørgensen, O. A.; Treble, M. A. (1 January 2004).
2616:"Influence of past climate change on phylogeography and demographic history of narwhals (
1928:
hunted narwhals was once held, but was never confirmed and is now considered improbable.
1793:
1634:
1452:
1239:
1223:
1079:
have a sweep-back on the front margins. This is thought to be an adaptation for reducing
905:
639:
138:
6864:
6702:
6386:
6339:
6292:
6272:
6230:
5908:"Consistency of COSEWIC species at risk designations: freshwater fishes as a case study"
5794:
5759:
5682:
5557:
5502:
5399:
5326:
5275:
5206:
5098:
4946:
4906:
4879:
4863:
4829:
4813:
4554:
4489:
4413:
4366:
4346:
4253:
4166:
4151:"Quantifying the sensitivity of Arctic marine mammals to climate-induced habitat change"
4116:
3825:
3801:
3478:
3270:
3204:
3133:
3078:
2847:
2831:
2792:
2705:
2506:
2392:
2344:
11835:
11749:
11735:
11721:
11701:
11450:
10195:
10082:
9556:
9077:
8922:
8387:
8378:
8145:
7954:
7945:
7930:
7921:
7781:
7715:
7706:
7650:
7641:
7344:
7048:
6955:
6930:
6884:
6848:
6714:
6642:
6590:
6322:
Kovacs, Kit M.; Lydersen, Christian; Overland, James E.; Moore, Sue E. (1 March 2011).
5960:
5818:
5709:
5662:
5577:
5522:
5419:
5231:
5190:
5118:
5106:
4973:
4930:
4514:
4473:
4124:
3160:
3117:
3094:
2963:
2812:
2735:
2652:
2615:
2590:
2545:
2417:
2376:
2352:
1970:. The rise of science towards the end of the 17th century led to a decreased belief in
1520:
0.5 m (1.6 ft) wide to allow an adult whale to breathe. Narwhals also die of
1444:
1438:
1251:
1099:
1055:
726:
421:
410:
185:
6114:
5907:
4284:
4205:
2329:"Description of an anomalous Monodontid skull from West Greenland: a possible hybrid?"
2298:
1324:
them into the mouth. A study of the stomach contents of 73 narwhals found Arctic cod (
463:
There are an estimated 170,000 living narwhals, and the species is listed as being of
12305:
12177:
11943:
10659:
10171:
8788:
8470:
8461:
7873:
7790:
7501:
7492:
7086:
7078:
7040:
7001:
6960:
6942:
6909:
6888:
6876:
6821:
6780:
6755:
6718:
6706:
6665:
6646:
6634:
6582:
6574:
6533:
6506:
6478:
6470:
6400:
6351:
6304:
6250:
6242:
6183:
6138:
6095:
6014:
5927:
5852:
5844:
5799:
5781:
5714:
5696:
5629:
5602:
5569:
5526:
5514:
5462:
5423:
5411:
5356:
5348:
5287:
5283:
5236:
5218:
5171:
5110:
5045:
5012:
4978:
4960:
4911:
4893:
4841:
4749:
4708:
4682:
4635:
4610:
4568:
4519:
4501:
4448:
4425:
4378:
4290:
4265:
4211:
4186:
4178:
4128:
4058:
3998:
3946:
3915:
3907:
3837:
3747:
3681:
3643:
3585:
3535:
3498:
3490:
3431:
3423:
3376:
3368:
3329:
3321:
3282:
3278:
3226:
3212:
3165:
3147:
3098:
3047:
2997:
2955:
2895:
2859:
2804:
2739:
2727:
2657:
2639:
2595:
2577:
2526:
2518:
2422:
2404:
2356:
2304:
2272:
2222:
2058:
1937:
1873:
1581:
1485:
1386:
1280:
1276:
1231:
744:
674:
631:
627:
437:
334:
6594:
6238:
5964:
5122:
2816:
2680:
Bianucci, Giovanni; Pesci, Fabio; Collareta, Alberto; Tinelli, Chiara (4 May 2019).
11961:
11948:
11811:
11687:
11630:
11564:
11426:
11270:
10635:
10314:
8723:
8645:
8636:
8626:
8345:
8286:
8171:
8002:
7398:
7380:
7371:
7126:
7032:
6991:
6950:
6868:
6745:
6698:
6626:
6566:
6460:
6390:
6343:
6296:
6234:
6173:
6165:
6130:
6087:
6006:
5952:
5946:
5919:
5834:
5789:
5771:
5704:
5686:
5561:
5506:
5454:
5403:
5338:
5330:
5279:
5226:
5210:
5161:
5102:
4968:
4950:
4901:
4883:
4833:
4672:
4602:
4558:
4509:
4493:
4417:
4370:
4257:
4237:
4170:
4120:
4050:
4039:) diving for Canadian populations helps identify important seasonal foraging areas"
3990:
3899:
3829:
3671:
3633:
3606:
The ecological and social dynamics of Inuit narwhal foraging at Pond Inlet, Nunavut
3575:
3482:
3415:
3360:
3313:
3274:
3216:
3208:
3155:
3137:
3090:
3039:
2947:
2851:
2796:
2717:
2709:
2647:
2631:
2585:
2569:
2510:
2412:
2396:
2348:
2076:
2002:
1952:
1827:. Almost all parts of the narwhal—the meat, skin, blubber and organs—are consumed.
1594:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1316:
Narwhals have a restricted and specialised diet. Due to the lack of well-developed
1235:
1163:
433:
406:
6210:
6156:
Bouquegneau, Krishna Das; Debacker, Virginie; Pillet, Stéphane Jean-Marie (2003),
5995:"Estimating the economic value of narwhal and beluga hunts in Hudson Bay, Nunavut"
5077:
Miller, Lee A.; Pristed, John; Møshl, Bertel; Surlykke, Annemarie (October 1995).
4261:
2713:
12151:
12143:
11712:
11639:
11534:
11507:
11379:
11088:
10913:
10839:
10616:
10119:
8106:
8088:
8079:
7969:
7584:
7566:
7548:
7416:
6903:
6527:
6395:
6370:
6091:
5994:
5596:
4955:
3463:"Analysis of narwhal tusks reveals lifelong feeding ecology and mercury exposure"
2889:
2800:
2479:
trichotomy: congruent evidence from three nuclear loci indicates that porpoises (
1945:
1913:
1773:
1740:
1719:
1715:
1618:
1321:
1095:
1047:
12221:
12117:
12078:
4677:
3676:
11823:
11666:
11571:
11263:
10995:
10575:
10256:
10093:
10025:
9723:
9572:
9488:
9358:
9228:
9148:
7987:
7754:
7626:
7617:
7464:
7455:
7187:
7071:
Ford, John; Ford, Deborah (March 1986). "Narwhal: unicorn of the Arctic seas".
5407:
5307:"Preliminary evidence for signature vocalizations among free-ranging narwhals (
5214:
4888:
4563:
4538:
4497:
2400:
2377:"Hybridization between two high Arctic cetaceans confirmed by genomic analysis"
2221:. Ilinniusiorfik Undervisningsmiddelforlag, Nuuk, Greenland. pp. 100–125.
1884:
1865:
1769:
1747:
1708:
1650:
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
1590:
1532:
1264:
1080:
644:
476:
6553:
Dugmore, Andrew J.; Keller, Christian; McGovern, Thomas H. (6 February 2007).
6347:
5948:
Meta population modelling of narwhals in East Canada and West Greenland – 2017
5776:
5510:
5438:
4931:"Spatial and temporal patterns of sound production in East Greenland narwhals"
4669:
Sex in Cetaceans: Morphology, Behavior, and the Evolution of Sexual Strategies
4474:"The impact of rising sea temperatures on an Arctic top predator, the narwhal"
3742:"Scientists suggest they have the answer to the mystery of the narwhal's tusk"
3668:
Sex in Cetaceans: Morphology, Behavior, and the Evolution of Sexual Strategies
3580:
3486:
12264:
12060:
11870:
11618:
11554:
11470:
11349:
11193:
11160:
10859:
10628:
10388:
10304:
10276:
10234:
9967:
9937:
9687:
9671:
9633:
9600:
9586:
9535:
9402:
9111:
9098:
9046:
8580:
8405:
7808:
7533:
7482:
7249:
7240:
7090:
7082:
7044:
7005:
6946:
6880:
6759:
6710:
6638:
6630:
6615:"Narwhals or unicorns? Exotic animals as material culture in medieval Europe"
6578:
6474:
6404:
6355:
6308:
6246:
6169:
6142:
6099:
6018:
5931:
5848:
5785:
5700:
5661:
Ferguson, Steven H.; Higdon, Jeff W.; Westdal, Kristin H. (30 January 2012).
5573:
5518:
5466:
5458:
5415:
5375:
5352:
5291:
5222:
5175:
5114:
4964:
4897:
4845:
4614:
4572:
4505:
4429:
4382:
4289:. Internet Archive. San Diego, Calif. : Thunder Bay Press. p. 122.
4269:
4182:
4132:
4062:
4002:
3911:
3841:
3647:
3589:
3494:
3427:
3372:
3325:
3286:
3230:
3151:
3102:
3051:
3043:
2959:
2863:
2808:
2731:
2643:
2581:
2522:
2408:
2360:
2129:
2067:
1996:
1869:
1858:
1752:
1660:(COSEWIC), which aims to classify the risk levels of species in the country.
1610:
1606:
1586:
1407:
1399:
1370:
1291:
1215:
1138:
784:
661:
560:
531:
508:
464:
449:
417:
394:
363:
321:
279:
158:
153:
66:
6818:
The Quest for the Northwest Passage: Knowledge, Nation and Empire, 1576–1806
6750:
6733:
6323:
5993:
Hoover, C.; Bailey, M. L.; Higdon, J.; Ferguson, S. H.; Sumaila, R. (2013).
5622:
Perrin, William F.; Wursig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. 'Hans', eds. (2009).
5486:
5254:
Marcoux, Marianne; Auger-Méthé, Marie; Humphries, Murray M. (October 2012).
5003:
Wei, Chong (1 January 2021), Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.; Hoffmann, Frauke (eds.),
3638:
3621:
3023:
2990:
Webber, Marc A.; Jefferson, Thomas Allen; Pitman, Robert L. (28 July 2015).
2006:
1385:
Most female narwhals reproduce by the time they are six to eight years old.
12000:
11329:
11300:
11286:
11071:
11061:
10799:
10515:
10448:
10408:
10341:
10246:
10188:
10157:
10150:
9947:
9917:
9905:
9793:
9703:
9381:
9372:
9318:
9258:
8663:
8226:
8217:
8207:
7335:
7215:
7199:
6964:
6586:
6482:
6254:
5856:
5803:
5718:
5360:
5240:
4982:
4915:
4523:
4190:
3919:
3502:
3435:
3380:
3333:
3169:
3142:
2661:
2635:
2599:
2530:
2514:
2446:
2426:
2099:
1901:
1696:
1638:
1390:
1363:
1272:
1203:
1179:
1142:
1119:
1067:
767:
619:
607:
583:
551:
538:
402:
386:
381:
262:
6570:
5691:
4054:
2993:
Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification
1484:
reveal that narwhals live an average of 50 years, though techniques using
12203:
12156:
12099:
12021:
11922:
11879:
11728:
11657:
11608:
11544:
11481:
11419:
11183:
10546:
10478:
10378:
10368:
10216:
10129:
10104:
9984:
9883:
9816:
9783:
9763:
9614:
9497:
9467:
9423:
9395:
9348:
9288:
9268:
9188:
9138:
8424:
7665:
7264:
7193:
7118:
6996:
6979:
6554:
5487:"Unusual narwhal sea ice entrapments and delayed autumn freeze-up trends"
4589:
Finley, K. J.; Gibb, E. J. (December 1982). "Summer diet of the narwhal (
4421:
4210:. Internet Archive. Vancouver : Douglas & McIntyre. p. 24.
4150:
3557:
2722:
1941:
1917:
1765:
1630:
1626:
1512:
1155:
1032:
242:
41:
6419:
6010:
5166:
5149:
3348:
2219:
Greenland's Winter Whales: The Beluga, the Narwhal and the Bowhead Whale
1330:) to be the most commonly consumed prey, followed by Greenland halibut (
12013:
11213:
11149:
11129:
11038:
10937:
10829:
10728:
10715:
10678:
10525:
10428:
10143:
9957:
9743:
9409:
9388:
9298:
9238:
9128:
7440:
7431:
7389:
7230:
7052:
7020:
5306:
4398:"Research Spotlight: Narwhals document continued warming of Baffin Bay"
4374:
3364:
2967:
2612:
2544:
Racicot, Rachel A.; Darroch, Simon A. F.; Kohno, Naoki (October 2018).
1760:
1677:
1622:
1560:
1539:
1521:
1477:
1469:
1425:
1255:
1219:
1211:
1159:
695:
575:
568:
546:
492:
441:
425:
390:
86:
51:
6300:
5581:
5541:
5334:
4837:
4174:
3883:
3833:
2855:
2573:
1086:
Compared with most marine mammals, the narwhal has a higher amount of
12026:
11982:
11756:
11312:
11109:
10976:
10958:
10889:
10819:
10586:
10565:
10418:
10287:
10209:
10136:
9873:
9843:
9733:
9713:
9504:
9460:
9338:
9248:
9218:
8681:
8543:
7407:
7362:
6872:
6178:
6113:
Wagemann, R.; Snow, N. B.; Lutz, A.; Scott, D. P. (9 December 1983).
5839:
5542:"On 'savssats': a crowding of Arctic animals at holes in the sea ice"
5343:
3903:
3419:
3317:
3221:
1949:
1921:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1704:
1681:
1668:
1528:
1481:
1421:
1414:
1394:
1317:
1300:
1175:
1135:
1090:
in its body, which facilitates deeper dives. It has a dense layer of
1087:
1075:
1074:
to make swimming under ice easier or to facilitate rolling. The neck
649:
518:
480:
202:
91:
11841:
9015:
7036:
6980:"On the ironic specimen of the unicorn horn in enlightened cabinets"
6271:
Laidre, Kristin L.; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter (10 February 2011).
6134:
5923:
5733:"Invasion of the killer whales: killer whales attack pod of narwhal"
4744:, in Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M. (eds.),
4606:
4235:
2951:
424:
to ice-free summering grounds, usually in shallow waters, and often
11987:
11864:
11742:
11694:
11443:
11367:
11172:
11021:
10759:
10438:
9974:
9804:
9753:
9474:
9065:
8442:
8415:
8327:
8268:
8061:
7864:
7181:
7169:
6068:"Distribution, exploitation and population status of white whales (
5956:
5565:
4631:
Dolphins, Porpoises and Whales of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book
4536:
3994:
1925:
1820:
1804:
1654:
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
1576:
1555:
1547:
1374:
1355:
1279:
which contains less than 5% open water and hosts high densities of
1260:
1227:
666:
599:
457:
453:
428:
to the same sites in subsequent years. Its diet mainly consists of
393:. It is a stocky cetacean, with a relatively blunt snout and large
222:
81:
76:
61:
56:
46:
6905:
Monstres et merveilles de Franche-Comté: fées, fantômes et dragons
6420:"Narwhal (Monodon monoceros) COSEWIC assessment and status report"
6368:
5757:
3564:) eye lens nuclei estimated by counting of growth layers in tusks"
2935:
12242:
11974:
11680:
11588:
11322:
11049:
9453:
9446:
9083:
8488:
8354:
7897:
7317:
7150:
6324:"Impacts of changing sea-ice conditions on Arctic marine mammals"
5484:
5443:) from West Greenland as estimated by aspartic acid racemization"
5436:
4207:
The nature of Arctic whales : belugas, bowheads and narwhals
3021:
2472:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1909:
1905:
1846:
1842:
1746:
Narwhals are one of the Arctic marine mammals most vulnerable to
1728:
1359:
1151:
1091:
582:(a hybrid between the two species); this was confirmed by a 2019
579:
484:
359:
252:
96:
71:
12169:
5147:
3941:, in Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J. G. M.; Kovacs, Kit M. (eds.),
3609:(Doctor of Philosophy thesis). McGill University. pp. 7–13.
3249:
Williams, Terrie M.; Noren, Shawn R.; Glenn, Mike (April 2011).
2829:
11907:
10965:
9071:
9059:
7978:
7175:
7163:
4344:
3622:"Tusk anomalies in narwhals (Monodon monoceros) from Greenland"
3400:
2373:
1889:
1850:
1736:
1690:
1183:
1059:
445:
367:
232:
212:
124:
6208:
5038:
Still, Robert; Harrop, Hugh; Dias, Luís; Stenton, Tim (2019).
4780:"Elusive narwhal babies spotted gathering at Canadian nursery"
3856:"For a dentist, the narwhal's smile is a mystery of evolution"
3182:
1320:, narwhals are believed to feed by swimming close to prey and
1263:, surfacing in narrow fissures or in wider fractures known as
1202:
The narwhal is found in the Atlantic and Russian areas of the
12216:
10985:
9823:
8562:
8553:
8452:
6931:"The use of the unicorn's horn, coral and stones in medicine"
5816:
4351:): differences in foraging behavior between wintering areas?"
3880:
2679:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
1893:
1824:
1816:
1448:
1063:
603:
564:
496:
488:
371:
175:
169:
5005:"Chapter 17 - Sound production and propagation in cetaceans"
3347:
Pagano, Anthony M.; Williams, Terrie M. (15 February 2021).
1940:
had a jewellery-covered narwhal tusk on his deathbed, while
1768:, and ensuring local acceptance of sustainable development.
11078:
8498:
7906:
6321:
5439:"Age-specific growth and remarkable longevity in narwhals (
5373:
5253:
5188:
4928:
4811:
3977:
Belikov, Stanislav E.; Boltunov, Andrei N. (21 July 2002).
3670:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 51–64,
1933:
1732:
1724:
1543:
1369:
Narwhal diet varies by season. In winter, narwhals feed on
398:
5992:
5076:
4671:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–27,
3799:
2763:
Vélez-Juarbe, Jorge; Pyenson, Nicholas D. (1 March 2012).
2327:
Heide-Jørgensen, Mads P.; Reeves, Randall R. (July 1993).
2148:
11818:
7531:
6155:
4470:
4033:
Watt, C. A.; Orr, J. R.; Ferguson, S. H. (January 2017).
3460:
3118:"Upside-down swimming behaviour of free-ranging narwhals"
2483:) share a more recent common ancestry with white whales (
1268:
610:
about 11 million years ago. A 2018 molecular analysis of
602:
and white whales are closely related, forming a separate
385:. The narwhal has a similar build to the closely related
4857:
4855:
3115:
2777:) from the Pliocene of the western North Atlantic Ocean"
1658:
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
1134:
which indicate social status. The tusk is also a highly
487:. The narwhal has been hunted for thousands of years by
7213:
6776:
Storytelling: An Encyclopedia of Mythology and Folklore
5819:"Alphaherpesvirus infection in a free-ranging narwhal (
4861:
4148:
3620:
Garde, Eva; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter (3 June 2022).
2624:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2546:"Neuroanatomy and inner ear labyrinths of the narwhal,
1447:. The frequency of these sounds ranges from 0.3 to 125
1402:
found that calf numbers varied from 0.05% of 35,000 in
618:
around 10.82 to 20.12 mya; they are considered to be a
405:
thought to serve as a weapon or as a tool for feeding,
7100:"The world's weirdest whale: hunt for the sea unicorn"
5667:) in Nunavut, Canada based on Inuit hunter interviews"
5037:
4095:
Laidre, K. L.; Heide-Jorgensen, M. P. (January 2005).
2442:"First-ever beluga–narwhal hybrid found in the Arctic"
1845:, traditional hunting methods are used and whales are
1617:
in 2013. There are approximately a total of 35,000 in
1515:
often occurs when narwhals fail to migrate before the
1492:
of the eyes suggest that female narwhals can reach 115
11795:
6552:
6270:
6112:
6031:
5663:"Prey items and predation behavior of killer whales (
5660:
4852:
4094:
2989:
2326:
2216:
1872:
into a narwhal; her hair, which she was wearing in a
1420:
Narwhals are among the few animals that undergo
1336:). Large quantities of Boreo-Atlantic armhook squid (
1154:, revealed that narwhals used their tusks to tap and
11614:
11604:
11594:
11577:
11560:
11550:
11540:
11530:
11520:
11487:
11477:
11466:
11456:
11432:
11415:
11405:
11395:
11385:
11375:
11345:
11335:
11318:
11308:
11259:
11249:
11239:
11229:
11219:
11209:
11199:
11189:
11179:
11168:
11145:
11135:
11125:
11115:
11105:
11094:
11084:
11067:
11057:
11034:
11001:
10991:
10910:
10895:
10885:
10875:
10865:
10855:
10845:
10835:
10825:
10815:
10805:
10795:
10785:
10775:
10765:
10755:
10745:
10641:
10624:
10594:
10571:
10554:
10531:
10521:
10511:
10494:
10484:
10474:
10464:
10454:
10444:
10434:
10424:
10414:
10404:
10394:
10384:
10374:
10364:
10354:
10320:
10310:
10300:
10283:
10272:
10262:
10252:
10242:
10168:
10116:
10100:
10089:
10078:
10068:
10058:
10048:
10038:
10000:
9990:
9980:
9963:
9953:
9943:
9933:
9923:
9913:
9889:
9879:
9869:
9859:
9849:
9839:
9829:
9812:
9789:
9779:
9769:
9759:
9749:
9739:
9729:
9719:
9709:
9699:
9553:
9515:
9485:
9420:
9369:
9354:
9344:
9334:
9324:
9314:
9304:
9294:
9284:
9274:
9264:
9254:
9244:
9234:
9224:
9214:
9204:
9194:
9184:
9174:
9164:
9154:
9144:
9134:
9124:
6115:"Heavy metals in tissues and organs of the narwhal (
3619:
2934:
Reeves, Randall R.; Tracey, Sharon (15 April 1980).
1944:
received a narwhal tusk allegedly valued at £10,000
901:
841:
807:
780:
691:
379:
and one of two living representatives of the family
5906:Lukey, James R.; Crawford, Stephen S. (June 2009).
5595:Macdonald, David Whyte; Barrett, Priscilla (1993).
4777:
4317:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
4303:
3884:"Vestigial tooth anatomy and tusk nomenclature for
3404:"Sensory ability in the narwhal tooth organ system"
2888:Macdonald, David Whyte; Barrett, Priscilla (2001).
2762:
2543:
1853:. In other parts of Greenland and Northern Canada,
555:, sometimes referred to as the "white whales". The
6273:"Life in the lead: extreme densities of narwhals (
6123:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
5912:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
3740:
3248:
1998:The Vertebrata of the Pliocene deposits of Britain
1459:
1102:, allowing for endurance and manoeuvrable motion.
6849:"'Fish', fossil and fake: medicinal unicorn horn"
5256:"Variability and context specificity of narwhal (
3531:The Marine World: A Natural History of Ocean Life
2056:
1819:to the same extent as other sea mammals, such as
1476:Age determination techniques using the number of
634:(mya), the narwhal split from the beluga whale.
545:). Together, these two species comprise the only
12262:
6853:Geological Society, London, Special Publications
6526:Bastian, Dawn Elaine; Mitchell, Judy K. (2004).
6449:"Biology and cultural importance of the narwhal"
5735:. Public Broadcasting System. 19 November 2014.
5594:
5315:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
5009:Neuroendocrine Regulation of Animal Vocalization
4666:
4238:"Deep-ocean predation by a high Arctic cetacean"
3665:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
2887:
2144:(in Latin). Stockholm: Lars Salvius. p. 75.
1718:of heavy metals takes place. It is thought that
420:of Canada, Greenland and Russia. Every year, it
7077:. Vol. 169, no. 3. pp. 354–363.
6814:"Ice and Eskimos: Dealing With a New Otherness"
6525:
6065:
4746:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Second Edition)
4445:Marine Mammals. Adaptations for an Aquatic Life
4032:
3976:
3932:
2212:
1828:
1688:
614:fossils indicates that they had separated from
521:
6034:"Inuit hunters help scientists track narwhals"
6005:(1). Arctic Institute of North America: 1–16.
5871:"Fact sheet narwhal and climate change| CITES"
4864:"The evolution of menopause in toothed whales"
3943:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Third Edition)
3738:
3346:
2248:An American Dictionary of the English Language
2217:Heide-Jørgensen, M. P.; Laidre, K. L. (2006).
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2082:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T13704A50367651.en
469:International Union for Conservation of Nature
9031:
7134:
6908:(in French). Editions Cabédita. p. 131.
6502:Toxicology in the Middle Ages and Renaissance
5905:
4584:
4582:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4144:
4142:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
3810:) as estimated by reproductive tract metrics"
3560:"Aspartic acid racemization rate in narwhal (
3387:
409:or sensing water salinity. Specially adapted
9686:
7018:
4748:, London: Academic Press, pp. 830–836,
4402:Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union
3185:"Three-dimensional geometry of the narwhal (
2933:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2260:
1150:footage from August 2016 in Tremblay Sound,
507:The narwhal was scientifically described by
499:, and regulated subsistence hunts continue.
471:(IUCN). The population is threatened by the
6901:
3534:. Princeton University Press. p. 347.
3302:"Anatomical adaptations of aquatic mammals"
2894:. Princeton University Press. p. 173.
2475:"Molecular phylogenetic examination of the
2189:
2021:"Monodon monoceros Linnaeus 1758 (narhwal)"
2001:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
1788:Hunter posing next to a narwhal head (1903)
1779:
1206:. Individuals are commonly recorded in the
665:were other extinct genera known during the
537:The narwhal is most closely related to the
9038:
9024:
7148:
7141:
7127:
6662:Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150–1750
6660:Daston, Lorraine; Park, Katharine (2001).
6659:
6612:
6066:Heide-Jørgensen, Mads P. (22 April 1994).
5044:. Princeton University Press. p. 16.
4593:) in Pond Inlet, northern Baffin Island".
4588:
4579:
4333:
4224:
4139:
4081:
3299:
2261:Brodie, Paul (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.).
2057:Lowry, L.; Laidre, K.; Reeves, R. (2017).
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
1429:for a single female to successfully rear.
389:, with which it overlaps in range and can
333:
147:
123:
114:
10726:
10677:
9109:
8634:
8588:
6995:
6954:
6928:
6749:
6731:
6464:
6394:
6177:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5838:
5793:
5775:
5708:
5690:
5342:
5230:
5165:
5083:) in Inglefield Bay, Northwest Greenland"
4972:
4954:
4905:
4887:
4773:
4771:
4676:
4627:
4562:
4513:
3675:
3637:
3579:
3220:
3159:
3141:
2870:
2721:
2651:
2589:
2416:
2080:
1500:10 years and male narwhals can live to 84
6411:
6032:Greenfieldboyce, Nell (19 August 2009).
3700:
3698:
3696:
3076:
2128:
1883:
1783:
1667:
1463:
1290:
1286:
1193:
1109:
8413:
7025:The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin
6847:Duffin, Christopher J. (January 2017).
6772:
6653:
6613:Pluskowski, Aleksander (January 2004).
6608:
6606:
6604:
6532:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 54–55.
5944:
5539:
5304:
4097:"Winter feeding intensity of narwhals (
2241:
2122:
2094:
2092:
2043:
1711:may be an alternate source of revenue.
1174:The narwhal has a single pair of small
677:is based on a 2019 study of the family
598:Results of a genetic study reveal that
12263:
8551:
7490:
6846:
6811:
6793:from the original on 28 September 2023
6684:
6498:
6494:
6492:
6447:Nweeia, Martin T. (15 February 2024).
6446:
6442:
6440:
6417:
6266:
6264:
5977:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4807:
4805:
4790:from the original on 21 September 2016
4778:Evans Ogden, Lesley (6 January 2016).
4768:
4700:
4466:
4464:
4286:Encyclopedia of North American mammals
3862:from the original on 14 September 2016
3858:. Smithsonian Insider. 18 April 2012.
3848:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3527:
3189:) flukes in relation to hydrodynamics"
3024:"Life history parameters of narwhals (
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2439:
2292:
2290:
2288:
1994:
1876:, became the spiralling narwhal tusk.
1672:Beluga and narwhal catches (1954–2014)
1605:The narwhal is listed as a species of
559:are distinguished by their pronounced
11846:
11845:
10713:
9668:
9096:
9045:
9019:
7530:
7212:
7122:
6977:
6529:Handbook of Native American Mythology
6061:
6059:
5480:
5478:
5476:
4442:
4436:
4395:
4311:"The biology and ecology of narwhals"
4203:
4028:
4026:
4024:
3734:
3732:
3704:
3693:
3553:
3551:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2758:
2756:
2495:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2322:
2320:
2296:
2170:. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 2007.
1837:. The skin is an important source of
1621:, 10,000 in Eclipse Sound, 17,000 in
491:in northern Canada and Greenland for
12248:291E316E-E811-47E0-84BE-867588059A67
9669:
8450:
6601:
6505:. Academic Press. pp. 101–102.
6466:10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-112307
6044:from the original on 24 October 2016
5887:from the original on 26 January 2024
5739:from the original on 22 October 2016
5642:from the original on 28 January 2024
5628:. Academic Press. pp. 929–930.
5305:Shapiro, Ari D. (1 September 2006).
5058:from the original on 28 January 2024
5011:, Academic Press, pp. 267–295,
4739:
4721:from the original on 28 January 2024
4648:from the original on 28 January 2024
4282:
4069:from the original on 28 January 2024
4009:from the original on 27 January 2024
3959:from the original on 20 January 2023
3945:, Academic Press, pp. 627–631,
3717:from the original on 28 January 2024
3509:from the original on 26 January 2024
3442:from the original on 24 January 2024
3058:from the original on 28 January 2024
2908:from the original on 28 January 2024
2300:Walker's marine mammals of the world
2267:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
2110:from the original on 5 December 2017
2089:
1676:Narwhals are hunted for their skin,
517:. The word "narwhal" comes from the
342:Distribution of narwhal populations
12271:IUCN Red List least concern species
8496:
7098:Groc, Isabelle (12 February 2014).
6929:Robertson, W. G. Aitchison (1926).
6732:Schmölcke, Ulrich (December 2022).
6703:10.5252/anthropozoologica2018v53a14
6489:
6453:Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
6437:
6418:Canada, Service (13 October 2015).
6261:
6080:Meddelelser om Grønland. Bioscience
5129:from the original on 5 October 2022
5002:
4989:
4802:
4621:
4461:
4321:from the original on 14 August 2022
3793:
3705:Broad, William (13 December 2005).
3654:
3602:
3176:
2974:
2920:
2668:
2487:) than they do with true dolphins (
2285:
2250:. G. & C. Merriam. p. 854.
2068:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
7063:
6106:
6056:
5473:
5107:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1995.tb00672.x
4125:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01207.x
4035:"Spatial distribution of narwhal (
4021:
3729:
3548:
3237:
3095:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02576.x
3077:Kingsley, Michael (October 1989).
3010:
2781:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2753:
2694:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2440:Pappas, Stephanie (20 June 2019).
2353:10.1111/j.1748-7692.1993.tb00454.x
2317:
2254:
2165:"The narwhal: unicorn of the seas"
1792:Narwhals have coexisted alongside
1398:along different coastal inlets of
1210:, such as in the northern part of
1169:
132:Size compared to an average human
16:Medium-sized toothed whale species
14:
12332:
8163:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (
4628:Klinowska, Margaret, ed. (1991).
3755:from the original on 18 June 2022
2454:from the original on 20 June 2019
2177:from the original on 10 July 2013
2031:from the original on 12 July 2020
563:(acoustic sensory organs), short
11829:
11817:
11805:
7012:
6971:
6922:
6895:
6840:
6805:
6766:
6725:
6678:
6219:Science of the Total Environment
6158:"Heavy metals in marine mammals"
5284:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00514.x
3739:Vincent, James (19 March 2014).
3300:Reidenberg, Joy S. (June 2007).
3279:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00408.x
3213:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00439.x
1803:have found a prevalent place in
1593:. In 2018, a female narwhal had
1432:
1132:secondary sexual characteristics
1031:
1017:
189:
39:
8304:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (
8181:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin (
8029:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (
8020:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (
6685:Dectot, Xavier (October 2018).
6619:European Journal of Archaeology
6546:
6519:
6362:
6315:
6239:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.03.041
6202:
6164:, CRC Press, pp. 147–179,
6149:
6025:
5945:Witting, Lars (10 April 2017),
5938:
5899:
5863:
5810:
5751:
5725:
5654:
5615:
5598:Mammals of Britain & Europe
5588:
5533:
5430:
5367:
5298:
5247:
5182:
5141:
5079:"The click-sounds of narwhals (
5070:
5031:
4922:
4733:
4701:Tinker, Spencer Wilkie (1988).
4694:
4660:
4530:
4447:. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer.
4389:
4276:
4204:Paine, Stefani Hewlett (1995).
4197:
3970:
3933:Heide-Jørgensen, M. P. (2018),
3926:
3874:
3767:
3613:
3596:
3528:Dipper, Frances (8 June 2021).
3521:
3454:
3353:Journal of Experimental Biology
3340:
3293:
3109:
3070:
2996:. Academic Press. p. 172.
2823:
2606:
2537:
2466:
2433:
2367:
1600:
1460:Longevity and mortality factors
1226:). Land in this strip includes
1189:
1024:Narwhals near the water surface
479:, and human activities such as
370:. It is the only member of the
10714:
9097:
7850:Southern right whale dolphin (
7841:Northern right whale dolphin (
7773:Atlantic white-sided dolphin (
6902:Rochelandet, Brigitte (2003).
6812:Regard, Frédéric, ed. (2014),
6281:Marine Ecology Progress Series
5625:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
5601:. HarperCollins. p. 173.
4818:Marine Ecology Progress Series
4740:Mann, Janet (1 January 2009),
4355:Marine Ecology Progress Series
4242:ICES Journal of Marine Science
3983:NAMMCO Scientific Publications
2235:
2013:
1988:
1908:. According to some theories,
1550:rather than relying on speed.
1008:
534:: 'single-tooth single-horn'.
1:
12281:Cetaceans of the Arctic Ocean
8887:Deraniyagala's beaked whale (
8860:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (
8071:Pantropical spotted dolphin (
8038:Australian humpback dolphin (
7800:Pacific white-sided dolphin (
5827:Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
4262:10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.02.002
2769:, a new monodontid (Cetacea,
2714:10.1080/02724634.2019.1645148
1995:Newton, Edwin Tulley (1891).
1981:
1955:; both items were staples in
1879:
1815:Narwhals have been hunted by
7883:Australian snubfin dolphin (
7291:North Atlantic right whale (
7019:Schoenberger, Guido (1951).
6396:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.005
6162:Toxicology of Marine Mammals
6092:10.7146/mogbiosci.v39.142541
5260:) whistles and pulsed calls"
4956:10.1371/journal.pone.0198295
4707:. E. J. Brill. p. 213.
2801:10.1080/02724634.2012.641705
1646:Marine Mammal Protection Act
1538:Narwhals are preyed upon by
1333:Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
1245:
730:(Common bottlenose dolphin)
630:suggested that, around 4.98
593:
401:, which is a left protruded
7:
12311:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
8833:Blainville's beaked whale (
8774:Tropical bottlenose whale (
8750:Southern bottlenose whale (
8741:Northern bottlenose whale (
8190:Common bottlenose dolphin (
8047:Atlantic humpback dolphin (
7300:North Pacific right whale (
6277:) in the offshore pack ice"
5540:Porsild, Morten P. (1918).
4678:10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_1
4595:Canadian Journal of Zoology
4043:Canadian Journal of Zoology
3802:"Mating ecology of beluga (
3677:10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_3
2264:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
1703:(US$ 6,091). Hunts receive
1406:, to 5% of 10,000 total in
1380:
1208:Canadian Arctic Archipelago
502:
10:
12337:
8932:Stejneger's beaked whale (
8313:Yangtze finless porpoise (
8098:Atlantic spotted dolphin (
7683:Short-finned pilot whale (
7021:"A goblet of unicorn horn"
6820:, Pickering & Chatto,
6779:. Routledge. p. 476.
5408:10.1007/s00300-022-03008-5
5215:10.1038/s41598-021-01441-w
4889:10.1038/s41586-024-07159-9
4564:10.1186/s40317-023-00325-2
4498:10.1038/s41598-020-75658-6
4396:Kumar, Mohi (March 2011).
4347:"Deep-diving by narwhals (
2401:10.1038/s41598-019-44038-0
1892:made from narwhal tusk in
1695:) is sold commercially to
1663:
1436:
1366:eggs and sometimes rocks.
1178:teeth that reside in open
567:and the absence of a true
18:
12276:Mammals described in 1758
11854:
11711:
11656:
11629:
11516:
11505:
11366:
11299:
11295:
11284:
11159:
11048:
11030:
11019:
10975:
10909:
10741:
10737:
10722:
10709:
10673:
10615:
10585:
10545:
10350:
10339:
10233:
10167:
10115:
10034:
10023:
9904:
9803:
9695:
9682:
9678:
9664:
9631:
9552:
9514:
9484:
9419:
9368:
9120:
9105:
9092:
9054:
8977:
8965:Shepherd's beaked whale (
8953:
8786:
8762:
8721:
8679:
8662:
8625:
8579:
8542:
8508:Araguaian river dolphin (
8487:
8441:
8404:
8376:
8325:
8284:
8267:
8239:
8215:
8206:
8143:
8119:
8059:
8000:
7967:
7943:
7919:
7895:
7862:
7821:
7752:
7728:
7704:
7692:Long-finned pilot whale (
7663:
7639:
7615:
7564:
7547:
7543:
7526:
7481:
7453:
7429:
7333:
7316:
7262:
7238:
7229:
7225:
7208:
7158:
6984:Journal of Social History
6935:Annals of Medical History
6773:Sherman, Josepha (2015).
6348:10.1007/s12526-010-0061-0
6040:. National Public Radio.
5777:10.3390/pathogens12070937
5511:10.1007/s00300-011-1036-8
3581:10.3402/polar.v31i0.15865
3487:10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.018
2297:Nowak, Ronald M. (2003).
1038:Illustration of a narwhal
944:
919:
899:
892:
885:
859:
839:
832:
825:
805:
798:
778:
771:
741:
723:
716:
709:
689:
473:effects of climate change
416:The narwhal inhabits the
341:
332:
311:
304:
186:Scientific classification
184:
167:
145:
136:
131:
122:
113:
30:
12321:Fauna of Northern Canada
8851:Gervais's beaked whale (
8806:Sowerby's beaked whale (
8517:Bolivian river dolphin (
6631:10.1177/1461957104056505
6170:10.1201/9780203165577-11
5459:10.1644/06-mamm-a-056r.1
3707:"It's sensitive. Really"
1810:
1800:The Lady and the Unicorn
1780:Relationship with humans
1629:. Population numbers in
1524:from entrapment events.
21:Narwhal (disambiguation)
8989:Cuvier's beaked whale (
8914:Perrin's beaked whale (
8878:Hector's beaked whale (
8842:Ramari's beaked whale (
8815:Andrews' beaked whale (
8691:Arnoux's beaked whale (
8364:Burmeister's porpoise (
8131:Rough-toothed dolphin (
7555:(Oceanic dolphins)
7354:Antarctic minke whale (
6751:10.3390/heritage5040199
6499:Wexler, Philip (2017).
6375:Biological Conservation
4283:Beer, Amy-Jane (2004).
4155:Ecological Applications
3639:10.33265/polar.v41.8343
2836:Papers in Palaeontology
2767:Bohaskaia monodontoides
2007:10.5962/bhl.title.57425
1957:cabinets of curiosities
1451:, while those used for
1311:
1105:
1072:evolutionary adaptation
846:Bohaskaia monodontoides
785:Haborodelphis japonicus
522:
8700:Baird's beaked whale (
8600:Ganges river dolphin (
8526:Amazon river dolphin (
7907:Orca or killer whale (
7831:(Right whale dolphins)
7764:White-beaked dolphin (
7282:Southern right whale (
6215:) from West Greenland"
3603:Lee, David S. (2005).
3143:10.1186/1472-6785-7-14
3044:10.1093/jmammal/gyv110
2636:10.1098/rspb.2019.2964
2515:10.1006/mpev.1999.0751
2242:Webster, Noah (1880).
1897:
1829:
1789:
1720:pollution in the ocean
1689:
1673:
1473:
1296:
1199:
1115:
812:Denebola brachycephala
549:members of the family
477:reduction in ice cover
12191:Paleobiology Database
8941:Spade-toothed whale (
8905:True's beaked whale (
8896:Strap-toothed whale (
8869:Gray's beaked whale (
8824:Hubbs' beaked whale (
8709:Sato's beaked whale (
8609:Indus river dolphin (
8337:Spectacled porpoise (
8153:(Bottlenose dolphins)
7594:Heaviside's dolphin (
7576:Commerson's dolphin (
7381:Pygmy Bryde's whale (
6571:10.1353/arc.2011.0038
6070:Delphinapterus leucas
5823:) from Arctic Canada"
5692:10.1186/2046-9063-8-3
5378:Delphinapterus leucas
5264:Marine Mammal Science
5087:Marine Mammal Science
4105:Marine Mammal Science
4055:10.1139/cjz-2016-0178
3892:The Anatomical Record
3814:Marine Mammal Science
3804:Delphinapterus leucas
3408:The Anatomical Record
3306:The Anatomical Record
3259:Marine Mammal Science
3193:Marine Mammal Science
2552:Delphinapterus leucas
2333:Marine Mammal Science
1887:
1787:
1671:
1467:
1294:
1287:Behaviour and ecology
1197:
1113:
948:Delphinapterus leucas
586:. Whether the hybrid
543:Delphinapterus leucas
12291:Mammals of Greenland
8923:Pygmy beaked whale (
8796:(Mesoplodont whales)
7955:False killer whale (
7931:Melon-headed whale (
7651:Pygmy killer whale (
7345:Common minke whale (
6076:) in West Greenland"
5447:Journal of Mammalogy
4634:. IUCN. p. 79.
4422:10.1029/2011EO090009
3032:Journal of Mammalogy
2100:"Appendices | CITES"
1345:Arctogadus glacialis
1301:congregate in groups
1128:scientific consensus
1083:caused by the tusk.
1058:of the narwhal is a
606:which diverged from
19:For other uses, see
8731:(Bottlenose whales)
8471:Dwarf sperm whale (
8462:Pygmy sperm whale (
8294:(Finless porpoises)
8010:(Humpback dolphins)
7874:Irrawaddy dolphin (
7791:Hourglass dolphin (
7502:Pygmy right whale (
7074:National Geographic
6978:Spary, E C (2019).
6865:2017GSLSP.452..211D
6559:Arctic Anthropology
6387:2013BCons.158...50H
6340:2011MarBd..41..181K
6328:Marine Biodiversity
6293:2011MEPS..423..269L
6231:2004ScTEn.331...83D
6011:10.14430/arctic4261
5683:2012AqBio...8....3F
5558:1918GeoRv...6..215P
5546:Geographical Review
5503:2012PoBio..35..149L
5400:2022PoBio..45..449J
5327:2006ASAJ..120.1695S
5276:2012MMamS..28..649M
5207:2021NatSR..1122141Z
5167:10.3390/su132413997
5099:1995MMamS..11..491M
4947:2018PLoSO..1398295B
4880:2024Natur.627..579E
4830:2021MEPS..668..163Z
4742:"Parental Behavior"
4704:Whales of the World
4555:2023AnBio..11...14J
4543:Animal Biotelemetry
4490:2020NatSR..1018678C
4414:2011EOSTr..92...80K
4367:2003MEPS..261..269L
4254:2004ICJMS..61..430L
4167:2008EcoAp..18S..97L
4117:2005MMamS..21...45L
3826:2015MMamS..31..479K
3479:2021CBio...31E2012D
3473:(9): 2012–2019.e2.
3271:2011MMamS..27..334W
3205:2011MMamS..27..889F
3134:2007BMCE....7...14D
2848:2019PPal....5..323I
2793:2012JVPal..32..476V
2706:2019JVPal..39E5148B
2507:2000MolPE..15..314W
2393:2019NatSR...9.7729S
2345:1993MMamS...9..258H
1794:circumpolar peoples
1680:, teeth, tusks and
1635:Inglefield Bredning
1517:Arctic freezes over
1198:Pod of six narwhals
906:Casatia thermophila
748:(Harbour porpoise)
640:Casatia thermophila
637:The fossil species
411:slow-twitch muscles
139:Conservation status
10900:Westmorelandelphis
10770:Brevirostrodelphis
10196:Macrosqualodelphis
10083:Eurhinodelphinidae
9557:Eurhinodelphinidae
8646:La Plata dolphin (
8346:Harbour porpoise (
8315:N. asiaeorientalis
8172:Burrunan dolphin (
7740:Fraser's dolphin (
7603:Hector's dolphin (
6997:10.1093/jsh/shz005
5671:Aquatic Biosystems
5195:Scientific Reports
4478:Scientific Reports
4375:10.3354/meps261269
3711:The New York Times
3365:10.1242/jeb.228049
3083:Journal of Zoology
2630:(1925): 20192964.
2562:Journal of Anatomy
2381:Scientific Reports
1898:
1790:
1714:As narwhals grow,
1674:
1623:Eastern Baffin Bay
1553:Researchers found
1474:
1439:Whale vocalization
1299:Narwhals normally
1297:
1295:Narwhal tail fluke
1256:fidelity of return
1252:seasonal migration
1200:
1116:
727:Tursiops truncatus
624:phylogenetic study
530:, is derived from
37:Quaternary–Present
12296:Mammals of Russia
12286:Mammals of Canada
12258:
12257:
12178:Open Tree of Life
11962:monodon-monoceros
11913:monodon-monoceros
11900:Monodon_monoceros
11886:Monodon monoceros
11856:Monodon monoceros
11848:Taxon identifiers
11793:
11792:
11789:
11788:
11785:
11784:
11781:
11780:
11777:
11776:
11773:
11772:
11501:
11500:
11280:
11279:
11015:
11014:
10705:
10704:
10701:
10700:
10697:
10696:
10669:
10668:
10335:
10334:
10172:Squalodelphinidae
10019:
10018:
10015:
10014:
9660:
9659:
9656:
9655:
9652:
9651:
9013:
9012:
9009:
9008:
9005:
9004:
9001:
9000:
8799:
8734:
8673:
8658:
8657:
8621:
8620:
8575:
8574:
8538:
8537:
8483:
8482:
8437:
8436:
8400:
8399:
8388:Dall's porpoise (
8297:
8278:
8263:
8262:
8202:
8201:
8156:
8107:Spinner dolphin (
8089:Striped dolphin (
8080:Clymene dolphin (
8013:
7834:
7782:Peale's dolphin (
7716:Risso's dolphin (
7676:
7585:Chilean dolphin (
7558:
7537:
7522:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7514:
7513:
7477:
7476:
7327:
7312:
7311:
7275:
7219:
6915:978-2-88295-400-8
6827:978-1-84893-270-8
6786:978-1-317-45938-5
6691:Anthropozoologica
6512:978-0-12-809559-1
6301:10.3354/meps08941
6275:Monodon monoceros
6213:Monodon monoceros
6189:978-0-429-21746-3
6129:(S2): s206–s214.
6117:Monodon monoceros
6074:Monodon monoceros
5821:Monodon monoceros
5635:978-0-08-091993-5
5608:978-0-00-219779-3
5441:Monodon monoceros
5382:Monodon monoceros
5335:10.1121/1.2226586
5309:Monodon monoceros
5258:Monodon monoceros
5081:Monodon monoceros
5051:978-0-691-19062-4
5018:978-0-12-815160-0
4874:(8004): 579–585.
4838:10.3354/meps13738
4755:978-0-12-373553-9
4688:978-3-031-35651-3
4601:(12): 3353–3363.
4591:Monodon monoceros
4349:Monodon monoceros
4296:978-1-59223-191-1
4217:978-1-55054-190-8
4175:10.1890/06-0546.1
4161:(sp2): S97–S125.
4099:Monodon monoceros
4037:Monodon monoceros
3952:978-0-12-804327-1
3937:Monodon monoceros
3886:Monodon Monoceros
3834:10.1111/mms.12165
3808:Monodon monoceros
3748:Independent.co.uk
3687:978-3-031-35651-3
3562:Monodon monoceros
3541:978-0-691-23244-7
3253:Monodon monoceros
3187:Monodon monoceros
3028:) from Greenland"
3026:Monodon monoceros
3003:978-0-12-409592-2
2944:Mammalian Species
2938:Monodon monoceros
2891:Mammals of Europe
2856:10.1002/spp2.1244
2618:Monodon monoceros
2574:10.1111/joa.12862
2548:Monodon monoceros
2310:978-0-8018-7343-0
2136:Monodon monoceros
2061:Monodon monoceros
1938:Ivan the Terrible
1904:of the legendary
1582:Toxoplasma gondii
1566:Cyamus monodontis
1486:amino acid dating
1472:a narwhal carcass
1281:Greenland halibut
1277:continental slope
1250:Narwhals exhibit
1232:Franz Joseph Land
1141:with millions of
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
987:
986:
978:
977:
969:
968:
960:
959:
933:
932:
874:
873:
863:Monodon monoceros
757:
756:
745:Phocoena phocoena
696:Kentriodon pernix
675:phylogenetic tree
632:million years ago
628:mitochondrial DNA
590:remains unknown.
528:Monodon monoceros
438:Greenland halibut
355:Monodon monoceros
346:
345:
315:Monodon monoceros
297:M. monoceros
286:
179:
162:
12328:
12251:
12250:
12238:
12237:
12225:
12224:
12212:
12211:
12199:
12198:
12186:
12185:
12173:
12172:
12160:
12159:
12147:
12146:
12134:
12133:
12121:
12120:
12118:NBNSYS0000188753
12108:
12107:
12095:
12094:
12082:
12081:
12069:
12068:
12056:
12055:
12043:
12042:
12030:
12029:
12017:
12016:
12004:
12003:
11991:
11990:
11978:
11977:
11965:
11964:
11952:
11951:
11939:
11938:
11926:
11925:
11916:
11915:
11903:
11902:
11890:
11889:
11888:
11875:
11874:
11873:
11843:
11842:
11834:
11833:
11832:
11822:
11821:
11810:
11809:
11808:
11801:
11631:Lissodelphininae
11616:
11606:
11596:
11579:
11565:Hemisyntrachelus
11562:
11552:
11542:
11532:
11522:
11514:
11513:
11489:
11479:
11468:
11458:
11434:
11417:
11407:
11397:
11387:
11377:
11347:
11337:
11320:
11310:
11297:
11296:
11293:
11292:
11261:
11251:
11241:
11231:
11221:
11211:
11201:
11191:
11181:
11170:
11147:
11137:
11127:
11117:
11107:
11096:
11086:
11069:
11059:
11036:
11028:
11027:
11003:
10993:
10912:
10897:
10887:
10877:
10867:
10857:
10847:
10837:
10827:
10817:
10807:
10797:
10787:
10777:
10767:
10757:
10747:
10739:
10738:
10735:
10734:
10724:
10723:
10711:
10710:
10675:
10674:
10643:
10626:
10596:
10573:
10556:
10533:
10523:
10513:
10496:
10486:
10476:
10466:
10456:
10446:
10436:
10426:
10416:
10406:
10396:
10386:
10376:
10366:
10356:
10348:
10347:
10322:
10315:Prepomatodelphis
10312:
10302:
10285:
10274:
10264:
10254:
10244:
10170:
10118:
10102:
10091:
10080:
10070:
10060:
10050:
10040:
10032:
10031:
10002:
9992:
9982:
9965:
9955:
9945:
9935:
9928:Cozzuoliphyseter
9925:
9915:
9891:
9881:
9871:
9861:
9854:Platyscaphokogia
9851:
9841:
9831:
9814:
9791:
9781:
9771:
9761:
9751:
9741:
9731:
9721:
9711:
9701:
9693:
9692:
9684:
9683:
9680:
9679:
9666:
9665:
9555:
9517:
9487:
9422:
9371:
9356:
9346:
9336:
9326:
9316:
9306:
9296:
9286:
9276:
9266:
9256:
9246:
9236:
9226:
9216:
9206:
9196:
9186:
9176:
9166:
9156:
9146:
9136:
9126:
9118:
9117:
9107:
9106:
9094:
9093:
9040:
9033:
9026:
9017:
9016:
8798:
8797:
8793:
8733:
8732:
8728:
8677:
8676:
8672:
8671:
8667:
8632:
8631:
8586:
8585:
8549:
8548:
8510:I. araguaiaensis
8494:
8493:
8448:
8447:
8427:P. macrocephalus
8411:
8410:
8296:
8295:
8291:
8282:
8281:
8277:
8276:
8272:
8213:
8212:
8155:
8154:
8150:
8012:
8011:
8007:
7988:Guiana dolphin (
7833:
7832:
7828:
7685:G. macrorhynchus
7675:
7674:
7670:
7627:Common dolphin (
7562:
7561:
7557:
7556:
7552:
7545:
7544:
7536:(Toothed whales)
7535:
7528:
7527:
7488:
7487:
7465:Humpback whale (
7347:B. acutorostrata
7331:
7330:
7326:
7325:
7321:
7274:
7273:
7269:
7236:
7235:
7227:
7226:
7217:
7210:
7209:
7143:
7136:
7129:
7120:
7119:
7114:
7112:
7110:
7094:
7057:
7056:
7016:
7010:
7009:
6999:
6990:(4): 1033–1060.
6975:
6969:
6968:
6958:
6926:
6920:
6919:
6899:
6893:
6892:
6873:10.1144/SP452.16
6844:
6838:
6837:
6836:
6834:
6809:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6753:
6744:(4): 3864–3880.
6729:
6723:
6722:
6682:
6676:
6675:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6610:
6599:
6598:
6550:
6544:
6543:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6496:
6487:
6486:
6468:
6444:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6398:
6366:
6360:
6359:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6268:
6259:
6258:
6206:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6181:
6153:
6147:
6146:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6072:) and narwhals (
6063:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6029:
6023:
6022:
5990:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5886:
5875:
5867:
5861:
5860:
5842:
5840:10.3354/dao03732
5814:
5808:
5807:
5797:
5779:
5755:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5712:
5694:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5537:
5531:
5530:
5482:
5471:
5470:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5346:
5321:(3): 1695–1705.
5302:
5296:
5295:
5251:
5245:
5244:
5234:
5186:
5180:
5179:
5169:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5000:
4987:
4986:
4976:
4958:
4926:
4920:
4919:
4909:
4891:
4859:
4850:
4849:
4809:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4775:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4680:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4566:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4517:
4468:
4459:
4458:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4342:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4233:
4222:
4221:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4146:
4137:
4136:
4092:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4030:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3904:10.1002/ar.22449
3898:(6): 1006–1016.
3878:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3744:
3736:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3702:
3691:
3690:
3679:
3663:
3652:
3651:
3641:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3583:
3555:
3546:
3545:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3420:10.1002/ar.22886
3398:
3385:
3384:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3318:10.1002/ar.20541
3297:
3291:
3290:
3246:
3235:
3234:
3224:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3163:
3145:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3019:
3008:
3007:
2987:
2972:
2971:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2885:
2868:
2867:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2725:
2677:
2666:
2665:
2655:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2294:
2283:
2282:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2214:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2146:
2145:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2054:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1992:
1953:Martin Frobisher
1924:. The idea that
1855:high-speed boats
1832:
1772:associated with
1702:
1694:
1682:carved vertebrae
1625:, and 12,000 in
1595:alphaherpesvirus
1563:species such as
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1351:Sebastes marinus
1339:Gonatus fabricii
1327:Boreogadus saida
1236:Severnaya Zemlya
1164:sexual selection
1096:Skeletal muscles
1035:
1021:
903:
895:
894:
888:
887:
843:
835:
834:
828:
827:
809:
801:
800:
782:
774:
773:
719:
718:
712:
711:
693:
685:
684:
525:
407:attracting mates
337:
317:
278:
194:
193:
173:
156:
151:
150:
127:
118:
108:
38:
34:Temporal range:
28:
27:
12336:
12335:
12331:
12330:
12329:
12327:
12326:
12325:
12316:Holarctic fauna
12261:
12260:
12259:
12254:
12246:
12241:
12233:
12228:
12220:
12215:
12207:
12202:
12194:
12189:
12181:
12176:
12168:
12163:
12155:
12152:Observation.org
12150:
12142:
12137:
12129:
12124:
12116:
12111:
12103:
12098:
12090:
12085:
12077:
12072:
12064:
12059:
12051:
12046:
12038:
12033:
12025:
12020:
12012:
12007:
11999:
11994:
11986:
11981:
11973:
11968:
11960:
11955:
11947:
11942:
11934:
11929:
11921:
11919:
11911:
11906:
11898:
11893:
11884:
11883:
11878:
11869:
11868:
11863:
11850:
11840:
11830:
11828:
11816:
11806:
11804:
11796:
11794:
11769:
11713:Globicephalinae
11707:
11652:
11640:Cephalorhynchus
11625:
11599:Platalearostrum
11535:Australodelphis
11510:
11497:
11492:Septemtriocetus
11380:Archaeophocaena
11362:
11289:
11276:
11155:
11089:Ischyrorhynchus
11044:
11024:
11011:
10971:
10914:Kentriodontidae
10905:
10840:Macrokentriodon
10810:Herbeinodelphis
10731:
10718:
10693:
10665:
10617:Hyperoodontinae
10611:
10581:
10541:
10344:
10331:
10229:
10163:
10120:Allodelphinidae
10111:
10028:
10011:
9900:
9799:
9674:
9648:
9627:
9548:
9519:Squaloziphiidae
9510:
9480:
9415:
9364:
9114:
9101:
9088:
9050:
9044:
9014:
8997:
8973:
8949:
8835:M. densirostris
8795:
8794:
8792:
8782:
8758:
8730:
8729:
8727:
8717:
8670:(Beaked whales)
8669:
8668:
8666:
8654:
8617:
8571:
8534:
8479:
8433:
8396:
8372:
8321:
8306:N. phocaenoides
8293:
8292:
8290:
8274:
8273:
8271:
8259:
8235:
8198:
8152:
8151:
8149:
8139:
8115:
8109:S. longirostris
8091:S. coeruleoalba
8055:
8009:
8008:
8006:
7996:
7963:
7939:
7915:
7891:
7876:O. brevirostris
7858:
7830:
7829:
7827:
7817:
7809:Dusky dolphin (
7748:
7724:
7700:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7659:
7635:
7611:
7567:Cephalorhynchus
7554:
7553:
7551:
7539:
7510:
7473:
7467:M. novaeangliae
7449:
7425:
7399:Omura's whale (
7372:Bryde's whale (
7323:
7322:
7320:
7318:Balaenopteridae
7308:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7258:
7250:Bowhead whale (
7221:
7218:(Baleen whales)
7204:
7154:
7147:
7117:
7108:
7106:
7097:
7070:
7066:
7064:Further reading
7061:
7060:
7037:10.2307/3258091
7031:(10): 284–288.
7017:
7013:
6976:
6972:
6927:
6923:
6916:
6900:
6896:
6845:
6841:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6810:
6806:
6796:
6794:
6787:
6771:
6767:
6730:
6726:
6683:
6679:
6672:
6658:
6654:
6611:
6602:
6551:
6547:
6540:
6524:
6520:
6513:
6497:
6490:
6445:
6438:
6428:
6426:
6416:
6412:
6367:
6363:
6320:
6316:
6269:
6262:
6225:(1–3): 83–105.
6207:
6203:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6154:
6150:
6135:10.1139/f83-326
6111:
6107:
6064:
6057:
6047:
6045:
6030:
6026:
5991:
5978:
5969:
5967:
5943:
5939:
5924:10.1139/F09-054
5904:
5900:
5890:
5888:
5884:
5873:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5815:
5811:
5756:
5752:
5742:
5740:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5659:
5655:
5645:
5643:
5636:
5620:
5616:
5609:
5593:
5589:
5538:
5534:
5483:
5474:
5435:
5431:
5380:) and narwhal (
5372:
5368:
5303:
5299:
5252:
5248:
5187:
5183:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5130:
5075:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5052:
5036:
5032:
5023:
5021:
5019:
5001:
4990:
4941:(6): e0198295.
4927:
4923:
4860:
4853:
4810:
4803:
4793:
4791:
4776:
4769:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4738:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4715:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4665:
4661:
4651:
4649:
4642:
4626:
4622:
4607:10.1139/z82-424
4587:
4580:
4535:
4531:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4441:
4437:
4394:
4390:
4343:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4297:
4281:
4277:
4234:
4225:
4218:
4202:
4198:
4147:
4140:
4093:
4082:
4072:
4070:
4031:
4022:
4012:
4010:
3975:
3971:
3962:
3960:
3953:
3931:
3927:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3806:) and narwhal (
3798:
3794:
3784:
3782:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3737:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3703:
3694:
3688:
3664:
3655:
3618:
3614:
3601:
3597:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3526:
3522:
3512:
3510:
3467:Current Biology
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3399:
3388:
3345:
3341:
3298:
3294:
3247:
3238:
3181:
3177:
3114:
3110:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3020:
3011:
3004:
2988:
2975:
2952:10.2307/3503952
2932:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2902:
2886:
2871:
2828:
2824:
2761:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2700:(3): e1645148.
2678:
2669:
2611:
2607:
2542:
2538:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2438:
2434:
2372:
2368:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2295:
2286:
2279:
2259:
2255:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2215:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2149:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2055:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2019:
2018:
2014:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1946:pounds sterling
1914:Greenland Norse
1882:
1813:
1782:
1774:oil exploration
1770:Seismic surveys
1716:bioaccumulation
1700:
1666:
1619:Admiralty Inlet
1615:Somerset Island
1603:
1597:in her system.
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1462:
1441:
1435:
1404:Admiralty Inlet
1383:
1348:) and redfish (
1314:
1289:
1248:
1192:
1172:
1170:Vestigial teeth
1130:that tusks are
1108:
1060:mottled pattern
1051:than females.
1048:sexual maturity
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1011:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
970:
961:
951:(Beluga whale)
934:
875:
758:
622:. A later 2020
596:
514:Systema Naturae
505:
328:
319:
313:
300:
277:
188:
180:
163:
152:
148:
141:
109:
107:
106:
105:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
36:
35:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
12334:
12324:
12323:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12273:
12256:
12255:
12253:
12252:
12239:
12226:
12213:
12200:
12187:
12174:
12161:
12148:
12135:
12122:
12109:
12096:
12083:
12070:
12057:
12044:
12031:
12018:
12005:
11992:
11979:
11966:
11953:
11940:
11927:
11917:
11904:
11891:
11876:
11860:
11858:
11852:
11851:
11839:
11838:
11826:
11814:
11791:
11790:
11787:
11786:
11783:
11782:
11779:
11778:
11775:
11774:
11771:
11770:
11768:
11767:
11760:
11753:
11746:
11739:
11732:
11725:
11717:
11715:
11709:
11708:
11706:
11705:
11698:
11691:
11684:
11677:
11670:
11662:
11660:
11654:
11653:
11651:
11650:
11643:
11635:
11633:
11627:
11626:
11624:
11623:
11612:
11602:
11592:
11585:
11575:
11572:Lagenorhynchus
11568:
11558:
11548:
11538:
11528:
11517:
11511:
11506:
11503:
11502:
11499:
11498:
11496:
11495:
11485:
11475:
11464:
11454:
11447:
11440:
11437:Numataphocoena
11430:
11423:
11413:
11403:
11400:Haborophocoena
11393:
11383:
11372:
11370:
11364:
11363:
11361:
11360:
11353:
11343:
11333:
11330:Delphinapterus
11326:
11316:
11305:
11303:
11290:
11285:
11282:
11281:
11278:
11277:
11275:
11274:
11267:
11264:Stenasodelphis
11257:
11247:
11237:
11227:
11217:
11207:
11197:
11187:
11177:
11165:
11163:
11157:
11156:
11154:
11153:
11143:
11133:
11123:
11113:
11103:
11092:
11082:
11075:
11065:
11054:
11052:
11046:
11045:
11043:
11042:
11031:
11025:
11020:
11017:
11016:
11013:
11012:
11010:
11009:
10999:
10996:Parapontoporia
10989:
10981:
10979:
10973:
10972:
10970:
10969:
10962:
10955:
10948:
10941:
10934:
10927:
10918:
10916:
10907:
10906:
10904:
10903:
10893:
10883:
10880:Pithanodelphis
10873:
10863:
10853:
10843:
10833:
10823:
10813:
10803:
10793:
10783:
10773:
10763:
10753:
10742:
10732:
10727:
10720:
10719:
10707:
10706:
10703:
10702:
10699:
10698:
10695:
10694:
10692:
10691:
10690:
10689:
10683:
10681:
10671:
10670:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10663:
10656:
10649:
10639:
10632:
10621:
10619:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10609:
10602:
10591:
10589:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10579:
10576:Microberardius
10569:
10562:
10559:Archaeoziphius
10551:
10549:
10543:
10542:
10540:
10539:
10529:
10519:
10509:
10502:
10492:
10482:
10472:
10462:
10452:
10442:
10432:
10422:
10412:
10402:
10392:
10382:
10372:
10362:
10351:
10345:
10340:
10337:
10336:
10333:
10332:
10330:
10329:
10318:
10308:
10298:
10291:
10281:
10270:
10260:
10257:Dilophodelphis
10250:
10239:
10237:
10231:
10230:
10228:
10227:
10220:
10213:
10206:
10199:
10192:
10185:
10177:
10175:
10165:
10164:
10162:
10161:
10154:
10147:
10140:
10133:
10125:
10123:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10109:
10098:
10094:Squalodontidae
10087:
10076:
10066:
10056:
10046:
10035:
10029:
10026:Platanistoidea
10024:
10021:
10020:
10017:
10016:
10013:
10012:
10010:
10009:
9998:
9988:
9978:
9971:
9961:
9951:
9941:
9931:
9921:
9910:
9908:
9902:
9901:
9899:
9898:
9887:
9877:
9867:
9857:
9847:
9837:
9827:
9820:
9809:
9807:
9801:
9800:
9798:
9797:
9787:
9777:
9767:
9757:
9747:
9737:
9727:
9724:Brygmophyseter
9717:
9707:
9696:
9690:
9676:
9675:
9662:
9661:
9658:
9657:
9654:
9653:
9650:
9649:
9647:
9646:
9645:
9644:
9638:
9636:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9625:
9618:
9611:
9604:
9597:
9590:
9583:
9576:
9573:Eurhinodelphis
9569:
9561:
9559:
9550:
9549:
9547:
9546:
9539:
9532:
9523:
9521:
9512:
9511:
9509:
9508:
9501:
9493:
9491:
9489:Squalodontidae
9482:
9481:
9479:
9478:
9471:
9464:
9457:
9450:
9443:
9436:
9428:
9426:
9417:
9416:
9414:
9413:
9406:
9399:
9392:
9385:
9377:
9375:
9366:
9365:
9363:
9362:
9359:Tangaroasaurus
9352:
9342:
9332:
9329:Sachalinocetus
9322:
9312:
9302:
9292:
9282:
9272:
9262:
9252:
9242:
9232:
9229:Macrodelphinus
9222:
9212:
9202:
9192:
9182:
9172:
9162:
9152:
9149:Archaeodelphis
9142:
9132:
9121:
9115:
9110:
9103:
9102:
9090:
9089:
9087:
9086:
9080:
9074:
9068:
9062:
9055:
9052:
9051:
9043:
9042:
9035:
9028:
9020:
9011:
9010:
9007:
9006:
9003:
9002:
8999:
8998:
8996:
8995:
8991:Z. cavirostris
8985:
8983:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8971:
8961:
8959:
8951:
8950:
8948:
8947:
8938:
8929:
8920:
8911:
8902:
8893:
8884:
8875:
8866:
8857:
8848:
8839:
8830:
8821:
8812:
8802:
8800:
8784:
8783:
8781:
8780:
8770:
8768:
8760:
8759:
8757:
8756:
8747:
8737:
8735:
8719:
8718:
8716:
8715:
8706:
8697:
8687:
8685:
8674:
8660:
8659:
8656:
8655:
8653:
8652:
8648:P. blainvillei
8642:
8640:
8629:
8623:
8622:
8619:
8618:
8616:
8615:
8606:
8596:
8594:
8583:
8577:
8576:
8573:
8572:
8570:
8569:
8559:
8557:
8546:
8540:
8539:
8536:
8535:
8533:
8532:
8528:I. geoffrensis
8523:
8519:I. boliviensis
8514:
8504:
8502:
8491:
8485:
8484:
8481:
8480:
8478:
8477:
8468:
8458:
8456:
8445:
8439:
8438:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8421:
8419:
8408:
8402:
8401:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8394:
8384:
8382:
8374:
8373:
8371:
8370:
8366:P. spinipinnis
8361:
8352:
8343:
8333:
8331:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8319:
8310:
8300:
8298:
8279:
8265:
8264:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8257:
8247:
8245:
8237:
8236:
8234:
8233:
8227:Beluga whale (
8223:
8221:
8218:Delphinapterus
8210:
8204:
8203:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8196:
8187:
8178:
8169:
8159:
8157:
8141:
8140:
8138:
8137:
8133:S. bredanensis
8127:
8125:
8117:
8116:
8114:
8113:
8104:
8095:
8086:
8077:
8067:
8065:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8044:
8035:
8026:
8016:
8014:
7998:
7997:
7995:
7994:
7985:
7981:S. fluviatilis
7975:
7973:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7951:
7949:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7937:
7927:
7925:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7903:
7901:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7880:
7870:
7868:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7856:
7847:
7837:
7835:
7819:
7818:
7816:
7815:
7806:
7802:L. obliquidens
7797:
7788:
7779:
7770:
7766:L. albirostris
7760:
7758:
7755:Lagenorhynchus
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7736:
7734:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7722:
7712:
7710:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7689:
7679:
7677:
7673:(Pilot whales)
7661:
7660:
7658:
7657:
7647:
7645:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7633:
7623:
7621:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7609:
7600:
7591:
7582:
7578:C. commersonii
7572:
7570:
7559:
7541:
7540:
7524:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7512:
7511:
7509:
7508:
7498:
7496:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7475:
7474:
7472:
7471:
7461:
7459:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7437:
7435:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7423:
7417:Rice's whale (
7414:
7405:
7396:
7387:
7378:
7369:
7360:
7356:B. bonaerensis
7351:
7341:
7339:
7328:
7314:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7306:
7297:
7288:
7278:
7276:
7272:(Right whales)
7260:
7259:
7257:
7256:
7246:
7244:
7233:
7223:
7222:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7196:
7190:
7188:Laurasiatheria
7184:
7178:
7172:
7166:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7146:
7145:
7138:
7131:
7123:
7116:
7115:
7095:
7067:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7058:
7011:
6970:
6941:(3): 240–248.
6921:
6914:
6894:
6859:(1): 211–259.
6839:
6826:
6804:
6785:
6765:
6724:
6697:(1): 159–174.
6677:
6670:
6664:. Zone Books.
6652:
6625:(3): 291–313.
6600:
6545:
6538:
6518:
6511:
6488:
6436:
6410:
6361:
6334:(1): 181–194.
6314:
6260:
6201:
6188:
6148:
6105:
6055:
6024:
5976:
5957:10.1101/059691
5937:
5918:(6): 959–971.
5898:
5862:
5809:
5750:
5724:
5653:
5634:
5614:
5607:
5587:
5566:10.2307/207815
5552:(3): 215–228.
5532:
5497:(1): 149–154.
5472:
5429:
5394:(3): 449–463.
5366:
5297:
5270:(4): 649–665.
5246:
5181:
5154:Sustainability
5140:
5093:(4): 491–502.
5069:
5050:
5030:
5017:
4988:
4921:
4851:
4801:
4767:
4754:
4732:
4713:
4693:
4687:
4659:
4640:
4620:
4578:
4529:
4460:
4454:978-3319982786
4453:
4435:
4388:
4332:
4302:
4295:
4275:
4248:(3): 430–440.
4223:
4216:
4196:
4138:
4080:
4020:
3995:10.7557/3.2838
3969:
3951:
3925:
3873:
3847:
3820:(2): 479–500.
3792:
3766:
3728:
3692:
3686:
3653:
3626:Polar Research
3612:
3595:
3568:Polar Research
3547:
3540:
3520:
3453:
3414:(4): 599–617.
3386:
3339:
3312:(6): 507–513.
3292:
3265:(2): 334–349.
3236:
3199:(4): 889–898.
3175:
3108:
3089:(2): 201–208.
3069:
3038:(4): 866–879.
3009:
3002:
2973:
2919:
2900:
2869:
2842:(2): 323–342.
2822:
2787:(2): 476–484.
2752:
2667:
2605:
2568:(4): 421–439.
2550:, and beluga,
2536:
2501:(2): 314–318.
2465:
2432:
2366:
2339:(3): 258–268.
2316:
2309:
2284:
2277:
2253:
2234:
2227:
2188:
2147:
2130:Linnaeus, Carl
2121:
2088:
2042:
2012:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1881:
1878:
1859:hunting rifles
1849:from handmade
1812:
1809:
1781:
1778:
1748:climate change
1709:whale watching
1697:fish factories
1665:
1662:
1602:
1599:
1591:papillomavirus
1572:Cyamus nodosus
1533:West Greenland
1480:layers in the
1461:
1458:
1434:
1431:
1382:
1379:
1313:
1310:
1288:
1285:
1254:, with a high
1247:
1244:
1191:
1188:
1171:
1168:
1107:
1104:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
993:
990:
989:
985:
984:
981:
980:
976:
975:
972:
971:
967:
966:
963:
962:
958:
957:
954:
953:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
931:
930:
927:
926:
918:
915:
914:
911:
910:
898:
893:
891:
886:
884:
881:
880:
877:
876:
872:
871:
868:
867:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
838:
833:
831:
826:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
804:
799:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
777:
772:
770:
764:
763:
760:
759:
755:
754:
751:
750:
740:
737:
736:
733:
732:
722:
717:
715:
710:
708:
705:
704:
701:
700:
688:
683:
673:The following
645:early Pliocene
595:
592:
504:
501:
475:, such as the
366:native to the
344:
343:
339:
338:
330:
329:
320:
309:
308:
302:
301:
294:
292:
288:
287:
270:
266:
265:
260:
256:
255:
250:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
182:
181:
168:
165:
164:
146:
143:
142:
137:
134:
133:
129:
128:
120:
119:
111:
110:
102:
101:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12333:
12322:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12274:
12272:
12269:
12268:
12266:
12249:
12244:
12240:
12236:
12231:
12227:
12223:
12218:
12214:
12210:
12205:
12201:
12197:
12192:
12188:
12184:
12179:
12175:
12171:
12166:
12162:
12158:
12153:
12149:
12145:
12140:
12136:
12132:
12127:
12123:
12119:
12114:
12110:
12106:
12101:
12097:
12093:
12088:
12084:
12080:
12075:
12071:
12067:
12062:
12058:
12054:
12049:
12045:
12041:
12036:
12032:
12028:
12023:
12019:
12015:
12010:
12006:
12002:
11997:
11993:
11989:
11984:
11980:
11976:
11971:
11967:
11963:
11958:
11954:
11950:
11945:
11941:
11937:
11932:
11928:
11924:
11918:
11914:
11909:
11905:
11901:
11896:
11892:
11887:
11881:
11877:
11872:
11866:
11862:
11861:
11859:
11857:
11853:
11849:
11844:
11837:
11827:
11825:
11820:
11815:
11813:
11803:
11802:
11799:
11766:
11765:
11761:
11759:
11758:
11754:
11752:
11751:
11750:Peponocephala
11747:
11745:
11744:
11740:
11738:
11737:
11733:
11731:
11730:
11726:
11724:
11723:
11719:
11718:
11716:
11714:
11710:
11704:
11703:
11699:
11697:
11696:
11692:
11690:
11689:
11685:
11683:
11682:
11678:
11676:
11675:
11674:Lagenodelphis
11671:
11669:
11668:
11664:
11663:
11661:
11659:
11655:
11649:
11648:
11644:
11642:
11641:
11637:
11636:
11634:
11632:
11628:
11621:
11620:
11619:Pterophocaena
11613:
11611:
11610:
11603:
11601:
11600:
11593:
11591:
11590:
11586:
11584:
11583:
11576:
11574:
11573:
11569:
11567:
11566:
11559:
11557:
11556:
11555:Etruridelphis
11549:
11547:
11546:
11539:
11537:
11536:
11529:
11527:
11526:
11519:
11518:
11515:
11512:
11509:
11504:
11494:
11493:
11486:
11484:
11483:
11476:
11473:
11472:
11471:Pterophocaena
11465:
11463:
11462:
11455:
11453:
11452:
11448:
11446:
11445:
11441:
11439:
11438:
11431:
11429:
11428:
11424:
11422:
11421:
11414:
11412:
11411:
11404:
11402:
11401:
11394:
11392:
11391:
11384:
11382:
11381:
11374:
11373:
11371:
11369:
11365:
11359:
11358:
11354:
11352:
11351:
11350:Haborodelphis
11344:
11342:
11341:
11334:
11332:
11331:
11327:
11325:
11324:
11317:
11315:
11314:
11307:
11306:
11304:
11302:
11298:
11294:
11291:
11288:
11283:
11273:
11272:
11268:
11266:
11265:
11258:
11256:
11255:
11248:
11246:
11245:
11238:
11236:
11235:
11234:Protophocaena
11228:
11226:
11225:
11218:
11216:
11215:
11208:
11206:
11205:
11204:Piscorhynchus
11198:
11196:
11195:
11194:Brachydelphis
11188:
11186:
11185:
11178:
11175:
11174:
11167:
11166:
11164:
11162:
11161:Pontoporiidae
11158:
11152:
11151:
11144:
11142:
11141:
11140:Plicodontinia
11134:
11132:
11131:
11124:
11122:
11121:
11114:
11112:
11111:
11104:
11101:
11100:
11093:
11091:
11090:
11083:
11081:
11080:
11076:
11074:
11073:
11066:
11064:
11063:
11056:
11055:
11053:
11051:
11047:
11041:
11040:
11033:
11032:
11029:
11026:
11023:
11018:
11008:
11007:
11000:
10998:
10997:
10990:
10988:
10987:
10983:
10982:
10980:
10978:
10974:
10968:
10967:
10963:
10961:
10960:
10956:
10954:
10953:
10952:Sophianacetus
10949:
10947:
10946:
10942:
10940:
10939:
10935:
10933:
10932:
10928:
10925:
10924:
10923:Belonodelphis
10920:
10919:
10917:
10915:
10908:
10902:
10901:
10894:
10892:
10891:
10884:
10882:
10881:
10874:
10872:
10871:
10864:
10862:
10861:
10860:Odobenocetops
10854:
10852:
10851:
10844:
10842:
10841:
10834:
10832:
10831:
10824:
10822:
10821:
10814:
10812:
10811:
10804:
10802:
10801:
10794:
10792:
10791:
10784:
10782:
10781:
10780:Cammackacetus
10774:
10772:
10771:
10764:
10762:
10761:
10754:
10752:
10751:
10744:
10743:
10740:
10736:
10733:
10730:
10725:
10721:
10717:
10712:
10708:
10687:
10686:
10685:
10684:
10682:
10680:
10676:
10672:
10662:
10661:
10657:
10655:
10654:
10650:
10648:
10647:
10640:
10638:
10637:
10633:
10631:
10630:
10629:Africanacetus
10623:
10622:
10620:
10618:
10614:
10608:
10607:
10603:
10601:
10600:
10593:
10592:
10590:
10588:
10584:
10578:
10577:
10570:
10568:
10567:
10563:
10561:
10560:
10553:
10552:
10550:
10548:
10544:
10538:
10537:
10530:
10528:
10527:
10520:
10518:
10517:
10510:
10508:
10507:
10503:
10501:
10500:
10493:
10491:
10490:
10483:
10481:
10480:
10473:
10471:
10470:
10463:
10461:
10460:
10453:
10451:
10450:
10443:
10441:
10440:
10433:
10431:
10430:
10423:
10421:
10420:
10413:
10411:
10410:
10403:
10401:
10400:
10393:
10391:
10390:
10389:Chavinziphius
10383:
10381:
10380:
10373:
10371:
10370:
10363:
10361:
10360:
10353:
10352:
10349:
10346:
10343:
10338:
10327:
10326:
10319:
10317:
10316:
10309:
10307:
10306:
10305:Pomatodelphis
10299:
10297:
10296:
10292:
10290:
10289:
10282:
10279:
10278:
10277:Pachyacanthus
10271:
10269:
10268:
10261:
10259:
10258:
10251:
10249:
10248:
10241:
10240:
10238:
10236:
10235:Platanistidae
10232:
10226:
10225:
10224:Squalodelphis
10221:
10219:
10218:
10214:
10212:
10211:
10207:
10205:
10204:
10200:
10198:
10197:
10193:
10191:
10190:
10186:
10184:
10183:
10179:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10166:
10160:
10159:
10155:
10153:
10152:
10148:
10146:
10145:
10141:
10139:
10138:
10134:
10132:
10131:
10127:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10114:
10107:
10106:
10099:
10096:
10095:
10088:
10085:
10084:
10077:
10075:
10074:
10067:
10065:
10064:
10057:
10055:
10054:
10047:
10045:
10044:
10037:
10036:
10033:
10030:
10027:
10022:
10007:
10006:
10005:Thalassocetus
9999:
9997:
9996:
9989:
9987:
9986:
9979:
9977:
9976:
9972:
9970:
9969:
9968:Orycterocetus
9962:
9960:
9959:
9952:
9950:
9949:
9942:
9940:
9939:
9938:Diaphorocetus
9932:
9930:
9929:
9922:
9920:
9919:
9912:
9911:
9909:
9907:
9903:
9896:
9895:
9894:Thalassocetus
9888:
9886:
9885:
9878:
9876:
9875:
9868:
9866:
9865:
9858:
9856:
9855:
9848:
9846:
9845:
9838:
9836:
9835:
9828:
9826:
9825:
9821:
9819:
9818:
9811:
9810:
9808:
9806:
9802:
9796:
9795:
9788:
9786:
9785:
9778:
9776:
9775:
9768:
9766:
9765:
9758:
9756:
9755:
9748:
9746:
9745:
9738:
9736:
9735:
9728:
9726:
9725:
9718:
9716:
9715:
9708:
9706:
9705:
9698:
9697:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9688:Physeteroidea
9685:
9681:
9677:
9673:
9667:
9663:
9642:
9641:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9635:
9630:
9624:
9623:
9622:Ziphiodelphis
9619:
9617:
9616:
9612:
9610:
9609:
9605:
9603:
9602:
9601:Schizodelphis
9598:
9596:
9595:
9591:
9589:
9588:
9587:Mycteriacetus
9584:
9582:
9581:
9577:
9575:
9574:
9570:
9568:
9567:
9563:
9562:
9560:
9558:
9551:
9545:
9544:
9540:
9538:
9537:
9536:Squaloziphius
9533:
9530:
9529:
9525:
9524:
9522:
9520:
9513:
9507:
9506:
9502:
9500:
9499:
9495:
9494:
9492:
9490:
9483:
9477:
9476:
9472:
9470:
9469:
9465:
9463:
9462:
9458:
9456:
9455:
9451:
9449:
9448:
9444:
9442:
9441:
9437:
9435:
9434:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9425:
9418:
9412:
9411:
9407:
9405:
9404:
9403:Inermorostrum
9400:
9398:
9397:
9393:
9391:
9390:
9386:
9384:
9383:
9379:
9378:
9376:
9374:
9367:
9361:
9360:
9353:
9351:
9350:
9343:
9341:
9340:
9333:
9331:
9330:
9323:
9321:
9320:
9313:
9311:
9310:
9303:
9301:
9300:
9293:
9291:
9290:
9283:
9281:
9280:
9273:
9271:
9270:
9263:
9261:
9260:
9253:
9251:
9250:
9243:
9241:
9240:
9233:
9231:
9230:
9223:
9221:
9220:
9213:
9211:
9210:
9203:
9201:
9200:
9199:Enigmatocetus
9193:
9191:
9190:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9173:
9171:
9170:
9163:
9161:
9160:
9153:
9151:
9150:
9143:
9141:
9140:
9133:
9131:
9130:
9123:
9122:
9119:
9116:
9113:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9095:
9091:
9085:
9081:
9079:
9075:
9073:
9069:
9067:
9063:
9061:
9057:
9056:
9053:
9048:
9041:
9036:
9034:
9029:
9027:
9022:
9021:
9018:
8994:
8992:
8987:
8986:
8984:
8982:
8981:
8976:
8970:
8968:
8963:
8962:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8952:
8946:
8944:
8939:
8937:
8935:
8934:M. stejnegeri
8930:
8928:
8926:
8925:M. peruvianus
8921:
8919:
8917:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8903:
8901:
8899:
8894:
8892:
8890:
8885:
8883:
8881:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8862:M. ginkgodens
8858:
8856:
8854:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8840:
8838:
8836:
8831:
8829:
8827:
8826:M. carlhubbsi
8822:
8820:
8818:
8813:
8811:
8809:
8804:
8803:
8801:
8791:
8790:
8785:
8779:
8777:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8767:
8766:
8761:
8755:
8753:
8752:H. planifrons
8748:
8746:
8744:
8743:H. ampullatus
8739:
8738:
8736:
8726:
8725:
8720:
8714:
8712:
8707:
8705:
8703:
8698:
8696:
8694:
8689:
8688:
8686:
8684:
8683:
8678:
8675:
8665:
8661:
8651:
8649:
8644:
8643:
8641:
8639:
8638:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8627:Pontoporiidae
8624:
8614:
8612:
8607:
8605:
8603:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8593:
8592:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8581:Platanistidae
8578:
8568:
8566:
8565:L. vexillifer
8561:
8560:
8558:
8556:
8555:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8541:
8531:
8529:
8524:
8522:
8520:
8515:
8513:
8511:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8501:
8500:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8486:
8476:
8474:
8469:
8467:
8465:
8460:
8459:
8457:
8455:
8454:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8440:
8430:
8428:
8425:Sperm whale (
8423:
8422:
8420:
8418:
8417:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8403:
8393:
8391:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8381:
8380:
8375:
8369:
8367:
8362:
8360:
8358:
8353:
8351:
8349:
8344:
8342:
8340:
8335:
8334:
8332:
8330:
8329:
8324:
8318:
8316:
8311:
8309:
8307:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8289:
8288:
8283:
8280:
8270:
8266:
8256:
8254:
8249:
8248:
8246:
8244:
8243:
8238:
8232:
8230:
8225:
8224:
8222:
8220:
8219:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8205:
8195:
8193:
8188:
8186:
8184:
8179:
8177:
8175:
8170:
8168:
8166:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8148:
8147:
8142:
8136:
8134:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8118:
8112:
8110:
8105:
8103:
8101:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8087:
8085:
8083:
8078:
8076:
8074:
8069:
8068:
8066:
8064:
8063:
8058:
8052:
8050:
8045:
8043:
8041:
8040:S. sahulensis
8036:
8034:
8032:
8027:
8025:
8023:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8005:
8004:
7999:
7993:
7991:
7990:S. guianensis
7986:
7984:
7982:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7972:
7971:
7966:
7960:
7958:
7957:P. crassidens
7953:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7947:
7942:
7936:
7934:
7929:
7928:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7922:Peponocephala
7918:
7912:
7910:
7905:
7904:
7902:
7900:
7899:
7894:
7888:
7886:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7872:
7871:
7869:
7867:
7866:
7861:
7855:
7853:
7848:
7846:
7844:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7826:
7825:
7820:
7814:
7812:
7807:
7805:
7803:
7798:
7796:
7794:
7789:
7787:
7785:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7757:
7756:
7751:
7745:
7743:
7738:
7737:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7731:Lagenodelphis
7727:
7721:
7719:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7703:
7697:
7695:
7690:
7688:
7686:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7656:
7654:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7638:
7632:
7630:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7620:
7619:
7614:
7608:
7606:
7601:
7599:
7597:
7596:C. heavisidii
7592:
7590:
7588:
7583:
7581:
7579:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7569:
7568:
7563:
7560:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7529:
7525:
7507:
7505:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7494:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7483:Cetotheriidae
7480:
7470:
7468:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7446:
7444:
7439:
7438:
7436:
7434:
7433:
7428:
7422:
7420:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7406:
7404:
7402:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7388:
7386:
7384:
7379:
7377:
7375:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7332:
7329:
7319:
7315:
7305:
7303:
7298:
7296:
7294:
7289:
7287:
7285:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7267:
7266:
7261:
7255:
7253:
7252:B. mysticetus
7248:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7211:
7207:
7201:
7197:
7195:
7191:
7189:
7185:
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7179:
7177:
7173:
7171:
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7165:
7161:
7160:
7157:
7152:
7144:
7139:
7137:
7132:
7130:
7125:
7124:
7121:
7105:
7104:New Scientist
7101:
7096:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7080:
7076:
7075:
7069:
7068:
7054:
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7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7015:
7007:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6974:
6966:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6940:
6936:
6932:
6925:
6917:
6911:
6907:
6906:
6898:
6890:
6886:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6850:
6843:
6829:
6823:
6819:
6815:
6808:
6792:
6788:
6782:
6778:
6777:
6769:
6761:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6728:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6681:
6673:
6671:0-942299-91-4
6667:
6663:
6656:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6549:
6541:
6539:1-85109-533-0
6535:
6531:
6530:
6522:
6514:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6495:
6493:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6443:
6441:
6425:
6424:www.canada.ca
6421:
6414:
6406:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6365:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6318:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6276:
6267:
6265:
6256:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6214:
6205:
6191:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6152:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6118:
6109:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6062:
6060:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6028:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5981:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5949:
5941:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5902:
5883:
5879:
5872:
5866:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5822:
5813:
5805:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5754:
5738:
5734:
5728:
5720:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5666:
5657:
5641:
5637:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5618:
5610:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5591:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5536:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5491:Polar Biology
5488:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5442:
5433:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5388:Polar Biology
5385:
5383:
5379:
5370:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5310:
5301:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5259:
5250:
5242:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5185:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5160:(24): 13997.
5159:
5155:
5151:
5144:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5082:
5073:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5034:
5020:
5014:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4984:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4925:
4917:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4858:
4856:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4808:
4806:
4789:
4785:
4784:New Scientist
4781:
4774:
4772:
4757:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4736:
4720:
4716:
4714:0-935848-47-9
4710:
4706:
4705:
4697:
4690:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4647:
4643:
4641:2-88032-936-1
4637:
4633:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4583:
4574:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4465:
4456:
4450:
4446:
4439:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4350:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4306:
4298:
4292:
4288:
4287:
4279:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4219:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4200:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4145:
4143:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4038:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3929:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3877:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3796:
3781:. 17 May 2017
3780:
3779:National Post
3776:
3770:
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3712:
3708:
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3699:
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3689:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3608:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3563:
3554:
3552:
3543:
3537:
3533:
3532:
3524:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3005:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2939:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2907:
2903:
2901:0-691-09160-9
2897:
2893:
2892:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
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2833:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2759:
2757:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2723:11568/1022436
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2614:April 2020).
2609:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2469:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2278:0-87196-871-1
2274:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2228:87-7975-299-3
2224:
2220:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2173:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1753:site fidelity
1749:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:IUCN Red List
1608:
1607:least concern
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:morbillivirus
1584:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1468:A polar bear
1466:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1433:Communication
1430:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1408:Eclipse Sound
1405:
1401:
1400:Baffin Island
1396:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1373:prey, mostly
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:Hudson Strait
1213:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:tooth sockets
1177:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1143:nerve endings
1140:
1139:sensory organ
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1034:
1020:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
983:
982:
974:
973:
965:
964:
956:
955:
952:
950:
949:
942:
941:
938:
937:
929:
928:
925:
923:
917:
916:
913:
912:
909:
908:
907:
897:
896:
890:
889:
883:
882:
879:
878:
870:
869:
866:
865:
864:
857:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
847:
837:
836:
830:
829:
823:
822:
819:
818:
815:
814:
813:
803:
802:
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
786:
776:
775:
769:
766:
765:
762:
761:
753:
752:
749:
747:
746:
739:
738:
735:
734:
731:
729:
728:
721:
720:
714:
713:
707:
706:
703:
702:
699:
698:
697:
687:
686:
682:
680:
676:
671:
668:
664:
663:
662:Haborodelphis
658:
657:
652:
651:
646:
642:
641:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
524:
520:
516:
515:
510:
509:Carl Linnaeus
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:least concern
461:
459:
455:
451:
450:armhook squid
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:Arctic waters
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:toothed whale
361:
357:
356:
351:
340:
336:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
310:
307:
306:Binomial name
303:
299:
298:
293:
290:
289:
285:
281:
276:
275:
271:
268:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
254:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
192:
187:
183:
177:
171:
166:
160:
155:
154:Least Concern
144:
140:
135:
130:
126:
121:
117:
112:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
29:
26:
22:
12301:Monodontidae
11855:
11762:
11755:
11748:
11741:
11734:
11729:Globicephala
11727:
11720:
11700:
11693:
11686:
11679:
11672:
11665:
11647:Lissodelphis
11645:
11638:
11617:
11607:
11597:
11587:
11582:Norisdelphis
11580:
11570:
11563:
11553:
11543:
11533:
11525:Arimidelphis
11523:
11490:
11480:
11469:
11459:
11451:Phocoenoides
11449:
11442:
11435:
11425:
11418:
11408:
11398:
11390:Australithax
11388:
11378:
11356:
11355:
11348:
11338:
11328:
11321:
11311:
11301:Monodontidae
11287:Delphinoidea
11269:
11262:
11252:
11244:Samaydelphis
11242:
11232:
11222:
11212:
11202:
11192:
11182:
11171:
11148:
11138:
11128:
11118:
11108:
11097:
11087:
11077:
11072:Goniodelphis
11070:
11062:Brujadelphis
11060:
11037:
11004:
10994:
10984:
10964:
10957:
10950:
10945:Platysvercus
10943:
10936:
10931:Kampholophos
10929:
10921:
10898:
10888:
10878:
10870:Pictodelphis
10868:
10858:
10850:Miminiacetus
10848:
10838:
10828:
10818:
10808:
10800:Hadrodelphis
10798:
10788:
10778:
10768:
10758:
10748:
10658:
10651:
10644:
10634:
10627:
10604:
10599:Izikoziphius
10597:
10574:
10564:
10557:
10536:Ziphirostrum
10534:
10524:
10516:Tusciziphius
10514:
10504:
10497:
10487:
10477:
10467:
10457:
10449:Messapicetus
10447:
10437:
10427:
10417:
10409:Choneziphius
10407:
10399:Chimuziphius
10397:
10387:
10377:
10367:
10357:
10323:
10313:
10303:
10293:
10286:
10275:
10267:Grimadelphis
10265:
10255:
10247:Araeodelphis
10245:
10222:
10215:
10208:
10201:
10194:
10189:Huaridelphis
10187:
10180:
10158:Zarhinocetus
10156:
10151:Ninjadelphis
10149:
10142:
10135:
10128:
10103:
10092:
10081:
10073:Perditicetus
10071:
10061:
10051:
10041:
10003:
9995:Placoziphius
9993:
9983:
9973:
9966:
9956:
9948:Idiophyseter
9946:
9936:
9926:
9918:Aulophyseter
9916:
9906:Physeteridae
9892:
9882:
9872:
9862:
9852:
9842:
9834:Koristocetus
9832:
9822:
9815:
9794:Zygophyseter
9792:
9782:
9772:
9762:
9752:
9742:
9732:
9722:
9712:
9704:Acrophyseter
9702:
9620:
9613:
9606:
9599:
9594:Phocaenopsis
9592:
9585:
9578:
9571:
9564:
9543:Yaquinacetus
9541:
9534:
9526:
9503:
9496:
9473:
9466:
9459:
9452:
9445:
9438:
9431:
9408:
9401:
9394:
9387:
9382:Albertocetus
9380:
9373:Xenorophidae
9357:
9347:
9337:
9327:
9319:Prosqualodon
9317:
9307:
9297:
9287:
9277:
9267:
9259:Neosqualodon
9257:
9247:
9237:
9227:
9217:
9209:Eoplatanista
9207:
9197:
9187:
9179:Caolodelphis
9177:
9167:
9157:
9147:
9137:
9127:
9082:Infraorder:
9078:Artiodactyla
8990:
8978:
8967:T. shepherdi
8966:
8954:
8943:M. traversii
8942:
8933:
8924:
8915:
8906:
8897:
8888:
8879:
8870:
8861:
8853:M. europaeus
8852:
8843:
8834:
8825:
8816:
8807:
8787:
8776:I. pacificus
8775:
8763:
8751:
8742:
8722:
8710:
8701:
8692:
8680:
8647:
8635:
8610:
8602:P. gangetica
8601:
8589:
8564:
8552:
8527:
8518:
8509:
8497:
8472:
8464:K. breviceps
8463:
8451:
8426:
8414:
8406:Physeteridae
8389:
8379:Phocoenoides
8377:
8365:
8356:
8347:
8339:P. dioptrica
8338:
8326:
8314:
8305:
8285:
8253:M. monoceros
8252:
8250:
8241:
8240:
8228:
8216:
8208:Monodontidae
8192:T. truncatus
8191:
8183:T. erebennus
8182:
8174:T. australis
8173:
8164:
8144:
8132:
8120:
8108:
8100:S. frontalis
8099:
8090:
8081:
8073:S. attenuata
8072:
8060:
8048:
8039:
8030:
8022:S. chinensis
8021:
8001:
7989:
7980:
7968:
7956:
7944:
7932:
7920:
7908:
7896:
7885:O. heinsohni
7884:
7875:
7863:
7851:
7842:
7824:Lissodelphis
7822:
7810:
7801:
7792:
7784:L. australis
7783:
7774:
7765:
7753:
7741:
7729:
7717:
7705:
7693:
7684:
7666:Globicephala
7664:
7653:F. attenuata
7652:
7640:
7628:
7616:
7604:
7595:
7586:
7577:
7565:
7504:C. marginata
7503:
7491:
7466:
7454:
7442:
7441:Gray whale (
7432:Eschrichtius
7430:
7418:
7409:
7400:
7391:
7390:Blue whale (
7382:
7373:
7364:
7355:
7346:
7336:Balaenoptera
7334:
7301:
7293:E. glacialis
7292:
7284:E. australis
7283:
7263:
7251:
7239:
7200:Whippomorpha
7194:Artiodactyla
7107:. Retrieved
7103:
7072:
7028:
7024:
7014:
6987:
6983:
6973:
6938:
6934:
6924:
6904:
6897:
6856:
6852:
6842:
6831:, retrieved
6817:
6807:
6797:18 September
6795:. Retrieved
6775:
6768:
6741:
6737:
6727:
6694:
6690:
6680:
6661:
6655:
6622:
6618:
6565:(1): 12–36.
6562:
6558:
6548:
6528:
6521:
6501:
6456:
6452:
6427:. Retrieved
6423:
6413:
6378:
6374:
6364:
6331:
6327:
6317:
6284:
6280:
6274:
6222:
6218:
6212:
6204:
6193:, retrieved
6161:
6151:
6126:
6122:
6116:
6108:
6083:
6079:
6073:
6069:
6046:. Retrieved
6037:
6027:
6002:
5998:
5968:, retrieved
5947:
5940:
5915:
5911:
5901:
5889:. Retrieved
5877:
5865:
5830:
5826:
5820:
5812:
5767:
5763:
5753:
5741:. Retrieved
5727:
5674:
5670:
5665:Orcinus orca
5664:
5656:
5644:. Retrieved
5624:
5617:
5597:
5590:
5549:
5545:
5535:
5494:
5490:
5453:(1): 49–58.
5450:
5446:
5440:
5432:
5391:
5387:
5381:
5377:
5369:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5300:
5267:
5263:
5257:
5249:
5201:(1): 22141.
5198:
5194:
5184:
5157:
5153:
5143:
5131:. Retrieved
5090:
5086:
5080:
5072:
5060:. Retrieved
5040:
5033:
5022:, retrieved
5008:
4938:
4934:
4924:
4871:
4867:
4821:
4817:
4792:. Retrieved
4783:
4759:, retrieved
4745:
4735:
4723:. Retrieved
4703:
4696:
4668:
4662:
4650:. Retrieved
4630:
4623:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4546:
4542:
4532:
4484:(1): 18678.
4481:
4477:
4444:
4438:
4405:
4401:
4391:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4323:. Retrieved
4314:
4305:
4285:
4278:
4245:
4241:
4206:
4199:
4158:
4154:
4111:(1): 45–57.
4108:
4104:
4098:
4071:. Retrieved
4049:(1): 41–50.
4046:
4042:
4036:
4011:. Retrieved
3986:
3982:
3972:
3961:, retrieved
3942:
3936:
3928:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3876:
3864:. Retrieved
3850:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3795:
3783:. Retrieved
3778:
3769:
3757:. Retrieved
3746:
3719:. Retrieved
3710:
3667:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3605:
3598:
3574:(1): 15865.
3571:
3567:
3561:
3530:
3523:
3511:. Retrieved
3470:
3466:
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3411:
3407:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3309:
3305:
3295:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3178:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3060:. Retrieved
3035:
3031:
3025:
2992:
2946:(127): 1–7.
2943:
2937:
2910:. Retrieved
2890:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2784:
2780:
2775:Delphinoidea
2774:
2770:
2766:
2743:. Retrieved
2697:
2693:
2688:Delphinoidea
2687:
2684:Monodontidae
2683:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2608:
2565:
2561:
2556:Monodontidae
2555:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:Monodontidae
2484:
2480:
2477:Delphinoidea
2476:
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2447:Live Science
2445:
2435:
2384:
2380:
2369:
2336:
2332:
2299:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2237:
2218:
2179:. Retrieved
2141:
2135:
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2103:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2033:. Retrieved
2024:
2015:
1997:
1990:
1961:
1930:
1899:
1874:twisted knot
1866:Inuit legend
1863:
1814:
1798:
1791:
1758:
1745:
1713:
1686:
1675:
1652:(CITES) and
1644:In the 1972
1643:
1639:Melville Bay
1604:
1601:Conservation
1580:
1570:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1537:
1526:
1510:
1475:
1453:echolocation
1442:
1419:
1412:
1384:
1368:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1315:
1306:
1298:
1273:Davis Strait
1249:
1204:Arctic Ocean
1201:
1190:Distribution
1173:
1125:
1120:canine tooth
1117:
1114:Narwhal tusk
1085:
1068:genital slit
1056:pigmentation
1053:
1044:
946:
945:
920:
904:
900:
862:
861:
860:
844:
840:
810:
806:
783:
779:
768:Monodontidae
743:
742:
725:
724:
694:
690:
679:Monodontidae
678:
672:
660:
654:
648:
638:
636:
620:sister taxon
615:
612:Monodontidae
611:
597:
584:DNA analysis
573:
557:Monodontidae
556:
552:Monodontidae
550:
542:
539:beluga whale
536:
527:
513:
511:in his 1758
506:
462:
415:
387:beluga whale
382:Monodontidae
380:
375:
374:
354:
353:
349:
347:
314:
312:
296:
295:
273:
272:
263:Monodontidae
249:Infraorder:
243:Artiodactyla
25:
12204:SeaLifeBase
12100:NatureServe
12022:iNaturalist
11880:Wikispecies
11836:Marine life
11658:Delphininae
11609:Pliodelphis
11545:Eodelphinus
11508:Delphinidae
11482:Semirostrum
11461:Piscolithax
11427:Neophocaena
11420:Miophocaena
11368:Phocoenidae
11254:Scaldiporia
11184:Auroracetus
11120:Kwanzacetus
10790:Delphinodon
10653:Indopacetus
10547:Berardiinae
10489:Notoziphius
10479:Ninoziphius
10379:Caviziphius
10369:Beneziphius
10217:Phocageneus
10130:Allodelphis
10105:Waipatiidae
10063:Ensidelphis
9985:Physeterula
9884:Scaphokogia
9817:Aprixokogia
9784:Scaldicetus
9774:Rhaphicetus
9764:Miophyseter
9615:Xiphiacetus
9566:Ceterhinops
9498:Eosqualodon
9468:Urkudelphis
9424:Waipatiidae
9396:Echovenator
9349:Sulakocetus
9289:Patriocetus
9269:Olympicetus
9189:Chilcacetus
9169:Ashleycetus
9159:Argyrocetus
9139:Ankylorhiza
8898:M. layardii
8817:M. bowdoini
8765:Indopacetus
8348:P. phocoena
8287:Neophocoena
8275:(Porpoises)
8269:Phocoenidae
7843:L. borealis
7811:L. obscurus
7793:L. cruciger
7587:C. eutropia
7549:Delphinidae
7534:Odontoceti
7443:E. robustus
7410:B. physalus
7408:Fin whale (
7392:B. musculus
7365:B. borealis
7363:Sei whale (
7302:E. japonica
7186:Superorder
7180:Infraclass
7109:10 February
6833:13 February
6459:: 187–208.
6287:: 269–278.
6086:: 135–149.
5970:14 February
5833:: 131–139.
5646:18 November
4824:: 163–175.
4794:6 September
4361:: 269–281.
3866:6 September
3721:22 February
3359:(Suppl_1).
3122:BMC Ecology
2489:Delphinidae
2481:Phocoenidae
2387:(1): 7729.
1942:Elizabeth I
1918:Middle East
1870:transformed
1631:Smith Sound
1627:Jones Sound
1540:polar bears
1513:suffocation
1100:slow-twitch
1009:Description
616:Phocoenidae
588:could breed
172:Appendix II
12265:Categories
11271:Pontoporia
11214:Pliopontos
11150:Saurocetes
11130:Meherrinia
11039:Awadelphis
11006:Prolipotes
10938:Kentriodon
10830:Lophocetus
10729:Delphinida
10716:Delphinida
10688:see below↓
10679:Delphinida
10660:Mesoplodon
10636:Hyperoodon
10526:Xhosacetus
10506:Tasmacetus
10499:Pterocetus
10459:Nazcacetus
10429:Globicetus
10295:Platanista
10182:Furcacetus
10144:Goedertius
10053:Dolgopolis
10043:Aondelphis
9958:Idiorophus
9744:Hoplocetus
9672:Odontoceti
9643:see below↓
9634:Odontoceti
9608:Vanbreenia
9528:Crisocetus
9410:Xenorophus
9389:Cotylocara
9309:Phococetus
9299:Phoberodon
9239:Microcetus
9129:Agorophius
9112:Odontoceti
9099:Odontoceti
9047:Odontocete
8956:Tasmacetus
8916:M. perrini
8889:M. hotaula
8880:M. hectori
8789:Mesoplodon
8724:Hyperoodon
8711:B. minimus
8702:B. bairdii
8693:B. arnuxii
8637:Pontoporia
8591:Platanista
8165:T. aduncus
8082:S. clymene
8049:S. teuszii
8031:S. plumbea
7933:P. electra
7852:L. peronii
7718:G. griseus
7629:D. delphis
7605:C. hectori
7532:Parvorder
7324:(Rorquals)
7231:Balaenidae
7216:Mysticeti
7214:Parvorder
6195:4 February
6048:24 October
5891:21 January
5770:(7): 937.
5743:23 October
5133:27 January
5062:28 January
4725:28 January
4652:28 January
4325:15 January
4073:20 January
4013:27 January
3963:27 January
3935:"Narwhal:
3513:26 January
3446:24 January
3062:22 January
2912:27 January
2771:Odontoceti
2745:21 January
2686:(Cetacea,
2554:(Cetacea:
2114:14 January
1982:References
1880:Tusk trade
1861:are used.
1805:human arts
1761:Siorapaluk
1561:whale lice
1522:starvation
1478:periosteum
1470:scavenging
1437:See also:
1426:Odontoceti
1220:Baffin Bay
1212:Hudson Bay
1160:Arctic cod
1136:innervated
576:interbreed
569:dorsal fin
442:cuttlefish
434:Arctic cod
391:interbreed
11812:Cetaceans
11757:Pseudorca
11667:Delphinus
11410:Lomacetus
11313:Bohaskaia
11224:Pontistes
11110:Isthminia
10977:Lipotidae
10959:Rudicetus
10890:Tagicetus
10820:Liolithax
10646:Ihlengesi
10587:Ziphiinae
10566:Berardius
10419:Dagonodum
10342:Ziphiidae
10325:Zarhachis
10288:Pebanista
10210:Notocetus
10203:Medocinia
10137:Arktocara
9874:Praekogia
9864:Pliokogia
9844:Nanokogia
9734:Eudelphis
9714:Albicetus
9505:Squalodon
9461:Otekaikea
9440:Ediscetus
9339:Simocetus
9249:Mirocetus
9219:Inticetus
9058:Kingdom:
8808:M. bidens
8682:Berardius
8664:Ziphiidae
8544:Lipotidae
8355:Vaquita (
8251:Narwhal (
8229:D. leucas
7946:Pseudorca
7775:L. acutus
7618:Delphinus
7456:Megaptera
7401:B. omurai
7374:B. brydei
7265:Eubalaena
7198:Suborder
7091:643483454
7083:0027-9358
7045:0026-1521
7006:1527-1897
6947:0743-3131
6889:133366872
6881:0305-8719
6760:2571-9408
6719:135259639
6711:0761-3032
6647:162878182
6639:1461-9571
6579:0066-6939
6475:2165-8110
6405:0006-3207
6381:: 50–54.
6356:1867-1624
6309:0171-8630
6247:0048-9697
6179:2268/3680
6143:0706-652X
6100:0106-1054
6019:0004-0843
5932:0706-652X
5849:0177-5103
5786:2076-0817
5764:Pathogens
5701:2046-9063
5574:0016-7428
5527:253807718
5519:1432-2056
5467:0022-2372
5424:246176509
5416:1432-2056
5376:"Beluga (
5353:0001-4966
5344:1912/2355
5292:0824-0469
5223:2045-2322
5176:2071-1050
5115:0824-0469
4965:1932-6203
4898:1476-4687
4846:0171-8630
4615:0008-4301
4573:2050-3385
4549:(1): 14.
4506:2045-2322
4430:0096-3941
4408:(9): 80.
4383:0171-8630
4270:1095-9289
4183:1051-0761
4133:0824-0469
4063:0008-4301
4003:2309-2491
3989:: 69–86.
3912:1932-8486
3842:0824-0469
3648:0800-0395
3590:1751-8369
3495:0960-9822
3428:1932-8486
3373:0022-0949
3326:1932-8486
3287:0824-0469
3231:0824-0469
3222:1912/4924
3152:1472-6785
3128:(1): 14.
3103:0952-8369
3052:0022-2372
2960:0076-3519
2864:2056-2799
2809:0272-4634
2740:202018525
2732:0272-4634
2644:0962-8452
2582:0021-8782
2523:1055-7903
2409:2045-2322
2361:0824-0469
2244:"Narwhal"
2104:cites.org
1950:privateer
1948:from the
1922:East Asia
1847:harpooned
1839:vitamin C
1705:subsidies
1701:CA$ 6,542
1577:pathogens
1548:ice floes
1529:Disko Bay
1511:Death by
1508:9 years.
1488:from the
1482:lower jaw
1422:menopause
1395:gestation
1387:Courtship
1318:dentition
1246:Migration
1240:85° north
1224:170° east
1176:vestigial
1088:myoglobin
1076:vertebrae
650:Bohaskaia
626:based on
600:porpoises
594:Evolution
519:Old Norse
481:pollution
454:cetaceans
291:Species:
209:Kingdom:
203:Eukaryota
12306:Unicorns
12217:Species+
12105:2.104228
12092:14300107
12040:11012163
11975:46559339
11920:BioLib:
11865:Wikidata
11743:Orcaella
11702:Tursiops
11695:Stenella
11444:Phocoena
11340:Denebola
11173:Atocetus
11099:Isoninia
11022:Inioidea
10760:Atocetus
10439:Imocetus
10359:Aporotus
9975:Physeter
9805:Kogiidae
9754:Livyatan
9580:Iniopsis
9475:Waipatia
9433:Awamokoa
9072:Mammalia
9066:Chordata
9064:Phylum:
9060:Animalia
8980:Ziphius
8907:M. mirus
8871:M. grayi
8611:P. minor
8473:K. simus
8443:Kogiidae
8416:Physeter
8390:P. dalli
8357:P. sinus
8328:Phocoena
8146:Tursiops
8062:Stenella
7979:Tucuxi (
7865:Orcaella
7742:L. hosei
7694:G. melas
7419:B. ricei
7383:B. edeni
7182:Eutheria
7176:Mammalia
7170:Chordata
7164:Animalia
7162:Kingdom
6965:33944492
6791:Archived
6738:Heritage
6595:10030083
6587:21847839
6483:38358838
6255:15325143
6042:Archived
5965:89062294
5882:Archived
5857:37410432
5804:37513784
5795:10385039
5737:Archived
5719:22520955
5677:(1): 3.
5640:Archived
5361:17004490
5241:34772963
5127:Archived
5123:85148204
5056:Archived
4983:29897955
4935:PLOS ONE
4916:38480878
4907:10954554
4788:Archived
4719:Archived
4646:Archived
4524:33122802
4319:Archived
4315:noaa.gov
4191:18494365
4067:Archived
4007:Archived
3957:archived
3920:22467529
3860:Archived
3759:31 March
3753:Archived
3715:Archived
3507:Archived
3503:33705717
3440:Archived
3436:24639076
3381:33627459
3334:17516440
3170:18021441
3056:Archived
2906:Archived
2817:55606151
2662:32315590
2600:30033539
2531:10837160
2452:Archived
2427:31221994
2172:Archived
2132:(1758).
2108:Archived
2029:Archived
2025:PBDB.org
1926:Norsemen
1731:, while
1579:include
1575:. Other
1556:Brucella
1445:blowhole
1381:Breeding
1375:flatfish
1371:demersal
1356:wolffish
1261:pack ice
1228:Svalbard
667:Pliocene
656:Denebola
608:dolphins
503:Taxonomy
458:pack ice
422:migrates
322:Linnaeus
280:Linnaeus
259:Family:
233:Mammalia
223:Chordata
219:Phylum:
213:Animalia
199:Domain:
159:IUCN 3.1
12243:ZooBank
12144:narwhal
12079:1006445
12014:5220008
11871:Q159426
11824:Mammals
11798:Portals
11736:Grampus
11681:Sotalia
11589:Orcinus
11357:Monodon
11323:Casatia
11050:Iniidae
10986:Lipotes
10750:Albireo
10606:Ziphius
9454:Nihoroa
9447:Nihohae
9084:Cetacea
9076:Order:
9070:Class:
8844:M. eueu
8563:Baiji (
8554:Lipotes
8489:Iniidae
8242:Monodon
7970:Sotalia
7909:O. orca
7898:Orcinus
7707:Grampus
7493:Caperea
7241:Balaena
7168:Phylum
7153:species
7151:Cetacea
7149:Extant
7053:3258091
6956:7946245
6861:Bibcode
6383:Bibcode
6336:Bibcode
6289:Bibcode
6227:Bibcode
6038:NPR.org
5878:cms.int
5710:3310332
5679:Bibcode
5554:Bibcode
5499:Bibcode
5396:Bibcode
5323:Bibcode
5272:Bibcode
5232:8589986
5203:Bibcode
5095:Bibcode
5024:18 July
4974:5999075
4943:Bibcode
4876:Bibcode
4826:Bibcode
4761:17 July
4551:Bibcode
4515:7596713
4486:Bibcode
4410:Bibcode
4363:Bibcode
4250:Bibcode
4163:Bibcode
4113:Bibcode
3822:Bibcode
3785:17 July
3475:Bibcode
3267:Bibcode
3201:Bibcode
3161:2238733
3130:Bibcode
2968:3503952
2844:Bibcode
2789:Bibcode
2702:Bibcode
2682:"A new
2653:7211449
2591:6131972
2503:Bibcode
2458:20 June
2418:6586676
2389:Bibcode
2341:Bibcode
2269:200–203
2181:10 July
2035:11 July
1976:alchemy
1968:rubella
1964:measles
1910:Vikings
1906:unicorn
1896:, Italy
1843:Qaanaaq
1741:mercury
1729:cadmium
1664:Threats
1609:by the
1360:capelin
1322:sucking
1152:Nunavut
1092:blubber
924:M 1922
580:narluga
523:nárhval
485:hunting
467:by the
426:returns
376:Monodon
360:species
358:) is a
350:narwhal
274:Monodon
269:Genus:
253:Cetacea
239:Order:
229:Class:
174: (
157: (
103:↓
31:Narwhal
12235:137116
12183:306757
12170:137116
12053:180485
11988:MNODNO
11908:ARKive
11722:Feresa
10966:Wimahl
9670:Crown-
9632:Crown-
9279:Papahu
9049:genera
7642:Feresa
7192:Order
7174:Class
7089:
7081:
7051:
7043:
7004:
6963:
6953:
6945:
6912:
6887:
6879:
6824:
6783:
6758:
6717:
6709:
6668:
6645:
6637:
6593:
6585:
6577:
6536:
6509:
6481:
6473:
6429:4 July
6403:
6354:
6307:
6253:
6245:
6186:
6141:
6098:
6017:
5999:Arctic
5963:
5930:
5855:
5847:
5802:
5792:
5784:
5717:
5707:
5699:
5632:
5605:
5582:207815
5580:
5572:
5525:
5517:
5465:
5422:
5414:
5359:
5351:
5290:
5239:
5229:
5221:
5174:
5121:
5113:
5048:
5015:
4981:
4971:
4963:
4914:
4904:
4896:
4868:Nature
4844:
4752:
4711:
4685:
4638:
4613:
4571:
4522:
4512:
4504:
4451:
4428:
4381:
4293:
4268:
4214:
4189:
4181:
4131:
4061:
4001:
3949:
3918:
3910:
3840:
3684:
3646:
3588:
3538:
3501:
3493:
3434:
3426:
3379:
3371:
3332:
3324:
3285:
3229:
3168:
3158:
3150:
3101:
3050:
3000:
2966:
2958:
2898:
2862:
2815:
2807:
2738:
2730:
2660:
2650:
2642:
2598:
2588:
2580:
2529:
2521:
2425:
2415:
2407:
2359:
2307:
2275:
2225:
1890:goblet
1851:kayaks
1830:Muktuk
1825:whales
1766:quotas
1737:copper
1691:muktuk
1589:, and
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1391:mating
1184:palate
1158:small
565:snouts
561:melons
547:extant
448:, and
446:shrimp
403:canine
368:Arctic
12230:WoRMS
12209:69409
12196:64546
12157:20693
12131:40151
12066:13704
12035:IRMNG
12027:41459
11996:EUNIS
11949:446SX
11936:12413
11923:20781
11764:Steno
11688:Sousa
10469:Nenga
9824:Kogia
8453:Kogia
8122:Steno
8003:Sousa
7049:JSTOR
6885:S2CID
6715:S2CID
6643:S2CID
6591:S2CID
5961:S2CID
5885:(PDF)
5874:(PDF)
5578:JSTOR
5523:S2CID
5420:S2CID
5119:S2CID
2964:JSTOR
2813:S2CID
2736:S2CID
2175:(PDF)
2168:(PDF)
1972:magic
1902:horns
1894:Milan
1821:seals
1817:Inuit
1811:Inuit
1544:orcas
1449:hertz
1415:nurse
1364:skate
1265:leads
1148:Drone
1064:navel
922:IRSNB
604:clade
532:Greek
497:ivory
489:Inuit
430:polar
395:melon
372:genus
176:CITES
170:CITES
12222:8084
12165:OBIS
12139:NOAA
12126:NCBI
12061:IUCN
12048:ITIS
12009:GBIF
12001:8368
11983:EPPO
11931:BOLD
11079:Inia
8499:Inia
7111:2024
7087:OCLC
7079:ISSN
7041:ISSN
7002:ISSN
6961:PMID
6943:ISSN
6910:ISBN
6877:ISSN
6835:2024
6822:ISBN
6799:2023
6781:ISBN
6756:ISSN
6707:ISSN
6666:ISBN
6635:ISSN
6583:PMID
6575:ISSN
6534:ISBN
6507:ISBN
6479:PMID
6471:ISSN
6431:2024
6401:ISSN
6352:ISSN
6305:ISSN
6251:PMID
6243:ISSN
6197:2024
6184:ISBN
6139:ISSN
6096:ISSN
6050:2016
6015:ISSN
5972:2024
5928:ISSN
5893:2024
5853:PMID
5845:ISSN
5800:PMID
5782:ISSN
5745:2016
5715:PMID
5697:ISSN
5648:2020
5630:ISBN
5603:ISBN
5570:ISSN
5515:ISSN
5463:ISSN
5412:ISSN
5357:PMID
5349:ISSN
5288:ISSN
5237:PMID
5219:ISSN
5172:ISSN
5135:2024
5111:ISSN
5064:2024
5046:ISBN
5026:2024
5013:ISBN
4979:PMID
4961:ISSN
4912:PMID
4894:ISSN
4842:ISSN
4796:2016
4763:2024
4750:ISBN
4727:2024
4709:ISBN
4683:ISBN
4654:2024
4636:ISBN
4611:ISSN
4569:ISSN
4520:PMID
4502:ISSN
4449:ISBN
4426:ISSN
4379:ISSN
4327:2009
4291:ISBN
4266:ISSN
4212:ISBN
4187:PMID
4179:ISSN
4129:ISSN
4075:2024
4059:ISSN
4015:2024
3999:ISSN
3965:2024
3947:ISBN
3916:PMID
3908:ISSN
3868:2016
3838:ISSN
3787:2024
3761:2014
3723:2017
3682:ISBN
3644:ISSN
3586:ISSN
3536:ISBN
3515:2024
3499:PMID
3491:ISSN
3448:2024
3432:PMID
3424:ISSN
3377:PMID
3369:ISSN
3330:PMID
3322:ISSN
3283:ISSN
3227:ISSN
3166:PMID
3148:ISSN
3099:ISSN
3064:2024
3048:ISSN
2998:ISBN
2956:ISSN
2914:2024
2896:ISBN
2860:ISSN
2805:ISSN
2747:2024
2728:ISSN
2658:PMID
2640:ISSN
2596:PMID
2578:ISSN
2527:PMID
2519:ISSN
2460:2019
2423:PMID
2405:ISSN
2357:ISSN
2305:ISBN
2273:ISBN
2223:ISBN
2183:2013
2116:2022
2073:2017
2037:2020
1974:and
1966:and
1934:gold
1920:and
1912:and
1857:and
1823:and
1739:and
1733:lead
1727:and
1725:zinc
1678:meat
1637:and
1569:and
1542:and
1490:lens
1389:and
1312:Diet
1269:bays
1234:and
1156:stun
1106:Tusk
1081:drag
1066:and
1054:The
659:and
495:and
493:meat
483:and
432:and
399:tusk
348:The
326:1758
284:1758
42:PreꞒ
12113:NBN
12087:MSW
12074:MDD
11970:EoL
11957:CMS
11944:CoL
11895:ADW
7033:doi
6992:doi
6951:PMC
6869:doi
6857:452
6746:doi
6699:doi
6627:doi
6567:doi
6461:doi
6391:doi
6379:158
6344:doi
6297:doi
6285:423
6235:doi
6223:331
6174:hdl
6166:doi
6131:doi
6088:doi
6007:doi
5953:doi
5920:doi
5835:doi
5831:154
5790:PMC
5772:doi
5705:PMC
5687:doi
5562:doi
5507:doi
5455:doi
5404:doi
5339:hdl
5331:doi
5319:120
5280:doi
5227:PMC
5211:doi
5162:doi
5103:doi
4969:PMC
4951:doi
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