1339:
features teams from
Division I and Division II and a separate championship is contested for only Division III). The 11 sports which use the National Collegiate format, also called the single-division format, are women's bowling, fencing, men's gymnastics, women's gymnastics, women's ice hockey, rifle, skiing, men's indoor volleyball, women's beach volleyball, men's water polo, and women's water polo. The NCAA considers a National Collegiate title equivalent to a Division I title even if the champion is primarily a member of Division II or III. These championships are largely dominated by teams that are otherwise members of Division I, but current non-Division I teams have won 40 National Collegiate championships since the University Division/College Division split as of 2022 (2 in bowling, 20 in fencing, 8 in women's ice hockey, and 10 in rifle). Division III schools are allowed to grant athletic scholarships to students who compete in National Collegiate sports, though most do not.
73:
5374:(H.B. 2) on March 23, 2016. This law requires people to use public restrooms that correspond with their sex assigned at birth and stops cities from passing laws that protect against discrimination towards gay and transgender people. The NCAA Board of Governors determined that this law would make ensuring an inclusive atmosphere in the host communities challenging, and relocating these championship events best reflects the association's commitment to maintaining an environment that is consistent with its core values. North Carolina has lost the opportunity to host the 2018 Final Four Tournament which was scheduled to be in Charlotte, but is relocated to San Antonio. If H.B. 2 is not repealed, North Carolina could be barred from bidding for events from 2019 to 2022.
959:
direct effort led by the
College Athletes Player Association and Kain Colter, who operated with the support of the United Steelworkers group. The case was ultimately struck down due to difficulties in applying the ruling across both public and private institutions. The NCAA made several improvements to the value of athletic scholarships and the quality of healthcare coverage in response to this movement by the Northwestern football players. These reforms included guaranteeing the entire four years of scholarship in the event of a career-ending injury, the implementation of "cost of attendance" stipends, the institution of "unlimited" athlete meal plans, and protections for the name, image, and likeness of athletes by third parties such as Electronic Arts.
1241:
into two subdivisions for football only in 1978 (though both still under the
Division I name), with Division I-A consisting of major teams who would continue to compete in bowl games and use various polls to decide its champion and Division I-AA consisting of smaller teams who would compete in the new NCAA Football Tournament to decide its champion. Division I schools without football teams were known as Division I-AAA. In 2006, Division I-A became the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), Division I-AA became the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS), and Division I-AAA became Division I non-football. The changes were in name only with no significant structural differences to the organization.
955:), alleging that the NCAA and its five dominant conferences are an "unlawful cartel". The suit charges that NCAA caps on the value of athletic scholarships have "illegally restricted the earning power of football and men's basketball players while making billions off their labor". Tulane University Sports Law Program Director Gabe Feldman called the suit "an instantly credible threat to the NCAA." On September 30, 2015, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that limiting compensation to the cost of an athlete's attendance at a university was sufficient. It simultaneously ruled against a federal judge's proposal to pay student athletes $ 5,000 per year in deferred compensation.
915:, Brian Pollack, Jovan Harris, and Chris Craig as a class action lawsuit. They argued that the NCAA's current limits on a full scholarship or grant-in-aid was a violation of federal antitrust laws. Their reasoning was that in the absence of such a limit, NCAA member schools would be free to offer any financial aid packages they desired to recruit student athletes. The NCAA settled before a ruling by the court, by agreeing to set up the Former Student-Athlete Fund to "assist qualified candidates applying for receipt of career development expenses and/or reimbursement of educational expenses under the terms of the agreement with plaintiffs in a federal antitrust lawsuit."
536:(AIAW), with nearly 1,000 member schools, governed women's collegiate sports in the United States. The AIAW was in a vulnerable position that precipitated conflicts with the NCAA in the early-1980s. Following a one-year overlap in which both organizations staged women's championships, the AIAW discontinued operation, and most member schools continued their women's athletics programs under the governance of the NCAA. By 1982 all divisions of the NCAA offered national championship events for women's athletics. A year later in 1983, the 75th Convention approved an expansion to plan women's athletic program services and pushed for a women's championship program.
808:
891:. Tarkanian sued the NCAA after he was forced to resign from UNLV, where he had been head coach from 1973 to 1992. The suit claimed the agency singled him out, penalizing the university's basketball program three times in that span. Tarkanian said, "They can never, ever, make up for all the pain and agony they caused me. All I can say is that for 25 years they beat the hell out of me". The NCAA said that it regretted the long battle and it now has more understanding of Tarkanian's position and that the case has changed the enforcement process for the better.
5859:
that it had over $ 600 million in unrestricted net assets in its annual report. During 2014 the NCAA also reported almost a billion dollars of revenue, contributing to a "budget surplus" β revenues in excess of disbursements for that year β of over $ 80 million. Over $ 700 million of that revenue total was from licensing TV rights to its sporting events. In addition, the NCAA also earns money through investment growth of its endowment fund. Established in 2004 with $ 45 million, the fund has grown to over $ 380 million in 2014.
10823:
558:(ACE) proposed a presidential board empowered to veto NCAA membership actions, while the NCAA Council, whose membership was mostly athletic officials, suggested a presidential commission with advisory powers. The Council's proposal may have been intended to block the presidential effort to gain control of the NCAA. The two proposals were voted on by the membership at the NCAA Convention in January 1984. The ACE proposal was defeated by a vote of 313 to 328. The Council proposal passed on a voice vote without ballots. Publicly, the
672:
football generated fierce debate. There was a motion to defer the proposal for study that failed 383β363, but the many PC members relaxed, confident of victory. PC Chairman
Massengale left the meeting for other business, but during lunch, council members began lobbying and twisting arms to change votes. When the session resumed, council members began criticizing the PC and quickly executed a parliamentary maneuver to refer the proposal to the NCAA Council. Many PC members were still at lunch when a roll call vote passed 170β150.
725:. The NCAA argued that its pro-competitive and non-commercial justifications for the plan β protection of live gate, maintenance of competitive balance among NCAA member institutions, and the creation of a more attractive "product" to compete with other forms of entertainment β combined to make the plan reasonable. In September 1982, the district court found in favor of the plaintiffs, ruling that the plan violated antitrust laws. It enjoined the association from enforcing the contract. The NCAA appealed all the way to the
606:
Cost-cutting measures proposed included reductions in athletic financial aid, coaching staff sizes, and length of practice/playing seasons. A resolution was also floated that opposed coaches receiving outside financial compensation if outside activities interfere with regular duties. All the PC proposals were defeated, and two basketball scholarships were restored that were eliminated at the meeting in
January. It was apparent that there was an open conflict between college presidents. The president of the
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sex/gender. Furthermore, a sports sponsorship rule unique to
Division III is that the total number of sports that must be sponsored differs by a school's full-time undergraduate enrollment: schools with an enrollment of 1,000 or fewer must sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women; those with larger enrollments must sponsor six men's and six women's sports. As in the other divisions, teams that include both men and women are treated as men's sports for the purpose of these regulations.
5881:
expenses incurred in producing
Division I Championships (including team food, travel, and lodging), the Student Assistance Fund, and Student Athlete Services. Together these top five recipients accounted for 65% of all NCAA expenditures. General and Administrative expenses for running the NCAA day-to-day operations totaled approximately 4% of monies paid out, and other association-wide expenses, including legal services, communications, and business insurance totaled 8%.
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4078:
receive bronze plated trophies for third place (prior to 1982 the teams played a "consolation" game to determine third place). Similar trophies are awarded to both semifinalists in the NCAA football tournaments (which are conducted in
Division I FCS and both lower divisions), which have never had a third-place game. Winning teams maintain permanent possession of these trophies unless it is later found that they were won via serious rules violations.
1362:(which itself was split into Divisions II and III in 1973). The only sport that immediately saw a change after the 1957 split was basketball; all other sports continued to use the National Collegiate format for at least one season, and usually many more. Some sports that began after the split once used the format and no longer do. This include men's and women's lacrosse, women's rowing, women's soccer, and men's and women's indoor track & field.
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antitrust cases. In doing so, the NCAA will pay more than $ 2.7 billion in damages over ten years to more than 10,000 past and current athletes. It is anticipated that each player in the class will receive an annual check worth 10% of the money they are owed. Additionally, the NCAA and its league are also set to enter into a revenue-sharing plan, which allows each member school to share up to roughly $ 20 million per year with its athletes.
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its division. An "Emerging Sport" must gain championship status (minimum 40 varsity programs for team sports, except 28 for
Division III) within 10 years, or show steady progress toward that goal to remain on the list. Until then, it is under the auspices of the NCAA and its respective institutions. Emerging Sport status allows for competition to include club teams to satisfy the minimum number of competitions bylaw established by the NCAA.
4484:
4049:
5366:
consider moving events out of
Indiana. Under pressure from across the nation and fearing the economic loss of being banned from hosting NCAA events, the governor of Indiana, Mike Pence, revised the bill so that businesses could not discriminate based on sexual orientation, race, religion, or disability. The NCAA accepted the revised bill and continues to host events in Indiana. The bill was enacted into law on July 1, 2015.
517:
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the region they won and have the Final Four logo. The teams that make the National Championship game receive an additional trophy that is gold-plated for the winner. Starting in the mid-1990s, the National Champions in men's and women's basketball receive an elaborate trophy with a black marble base and crystal "neck" with a removable crystal basketball following the presentation of the standard NCAA Championship trophy.
238:
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seasons until 2011 and 2012, did not return to the national rankings until 2019, and did not win a conference title again until 2023. The devastating effect the death penalty had on SMU has reportedly made the NCAA skittish about issuing another one. Since the SMU case, there are only three instances where the NCAA has seriously considered imposing it against a Division I school; it imposed it against Division II
228:
11933:
4223:
2023, the NCAA added new requirements for FBS membership, set to take effect in 2027β28. At that time, FBS institutions must fund the equivalent of 210 full scholarships across all of their NCAA sports; must spend at least $ 6 million annually on said scholarships; and must provide at least 90% of the required number of full scholarships across 16 sports (as chosen by the institution), including football.
218:
6495:
10896:
4057:
64:
5573:-winning quarterback Cam Newton of the Auburn Tigers in 2011. As a direct effect of not being compensated for his college athletics, Cam Newton's family allegedly sought upwards of $ 100,000 for him to instead play at Mississippi State. This was revealed days before the conference SEC championship game; however, Cam Newton was later reinstated as there was insufficient evidence against him.
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sponsor legislation. Their one real power was to veto the selection of Executive Director. The composition of the commission was 22 CEOs from Division I and 11 CEOs each from Divisions II and III. The true intent of the PC was to shift control of intercollegiate athletics back to CEOs. Graduation rates were an important metric to chancellors and presidents and became a focus of the PC.
5516:
initiated to determine if an official inquiry is warranted and to categorize any resultant violations as secondary or major. If several violations are found, the NCAA may determine that the school as a whole has exhibited a "lack of institutional control." The institution involved is notified promptly and may appear on its own behalf before the NCAA Committee on Infractions.
848:, with national TV contracts, a considerable source of revenue. In 1951, the NCAA voted to prohibit any live TV broadcast of college football games during the season. No sooner had the NCAA voted to ban television than public outcry forced it to retreat. Instead, the NCAA voted to restrict the number of televised games for each team to stop the slide in gate attendance.
10115:
4219:
conference must sponsor both men's and women's basketball. However, a conference may operate for up to 2 years with fewer active members under a hardship rule. For non-football conferences, they must sponsor at least two men's team sports other than basketball. Teams that consist of both men and women are counted as men's teams for sports sponsorship purposes.
1112:
and also includes representatives from the schools, such as athletic directors and faculty advisers. Management Council legislation goes on to the Board of Directors, which consists of school presidents, for final approval. The NCAA national office staff provides support by acting as guides, liaisons, researchers, and by managing public and media relations.
5562:
sanctioned by the NCAA and the Infractions Committee for their choice, possibly losing athletic scholarships, revenue from schools who would not want to compete with that other school, and the ability for their games to be televised, along with restrictions on recruitment and practicing times. As a result, a show-cause order essentially has the effect of
860:. Eventually, Penn dropped its suit when the NCAA, refusing Penn's request that the U.S. Attorney General rule on the legality of the NCAA's restrictive plan, threatened to expel the university from the association. Notre Dame continued televising its games through 1953, working around the ban by filming its games, then broadcasting them the next evening.
5333:
women's sports team until completing one calendar year of testosterone suppression treatment. Under this policy, transgender males were ineligible to compete on a women's team, and transgender females were ineligible to compete on a men's team, without changing the team's status to be a mixed team. In December 2021, John Lohn, the editor-in-chief of
5527:". Since 1985, any school that commits major violations during the probationary period can be banned from the sport involved for up to two years. However, when the NCAA opts not to issue a death penalty for a repeat violation, it must explain why it did not do so. This penalty has only been imposed three times in its modern form, most notably when
5520:
to an appeals committee. After considering written reports and oral presentations by representatives of the Committee on Infractions and the institution, the committee acts on the appeal. Action may include accepting the infractions committee's findings and penalty, altering either, or making its own findings and imposing an appropriate penalty.
993:
to athletes. The decision allows schools to provide their athletes with unlimited compensation as long as it is some way connected to their education. The idea that college athletes should not be paid, a fundamental tenet of the 115-year-old NCAA, has faced increasing scrutiny in recent years. Federal antitrust lawsuits have slowly eroded strict
6219:
next five years to inspire people to break limits. The first group of athletes that Degree has selected represent a diverse range of backgrounds regarding race, gender, and sport, and their stories will be unveiled on Instagram. These athletes will also have the chance to participate in events to help their local communities" (Steinberg 2021).
590:, outgoing chairman of the PC commented, "If the moratorium is vacated, it's being vacated not by the commission, but by this convention." Following the vote, a delegate was quoted, "A lot of Athletic Directors figure they've successfully waited out the presidents...unless the presidents fight back, NCAA reform is flat-ass dead in the water."
1351:, 12 Division I men's ice hockey championships have been won by current non-Division I teams since the University Division/College Division split. Like with National Collegiate sports, schools that are otherwise members of Division III who compete in Division I for men's ice hockey are allowed to grant athletic scholarships for the sport.
1237:. The names could be confusing, as some schools with "University" in their name still competed in the College Division while some with "College" in their name competed in the University Division. The split gradually took hold in other sports as well. Records from before the split were inherited by the University Division.
6096:
The NCAA has limited the amount of compensation that individual players can receive to scholarships equal to school tuition and related expenses. This rule has generated controversy, in light of the large amounts of revenues that schools earn from sports from TV contracts, ticket sales, and licensing
5867:
According to the NCAA, it receives most of its annual revenue from two sources: Division I Men's Basketball television and marketing rights, and championships ticket sales. According to the NCAA, "that money is distributed in more than a dozen ways β almost all of which directly support NCAA schools,
5519:
Findings of the Committee on Infractions and the resultant sanctions in major cases are reported to the institution. Sanctions will generally include having the institution placed on "probation" for a period of time, in addition to other penalties. The institution may appeal the findings or sanctions
5497:
Of note: Utah (Utes), Central Michigan (Chippewas), Florida State (Seminoles) and Mississippi College (Choctaws) all appealed successfully to the NCAA after being deemed "hostile and offensive." Each cited positive relationships with neighboring tribes in appeal. UNC Pembroke (Braves), an institution
4081:
Starting with the 2001β02 season, and again in the 2007β08 season, the trophies were changed. Starting in the 2006 basketball season, teams that make the Final Four in the Division I tournament receive bronze-plated "regional championship" trophies upon winning their Regional Championship which state
1111:
The NCAA's legislative structure is broken down into cabinets and committees, consisting of various representatives of its member schools. These may be broken down further into sub-committees. The legislation is then passed on to the Management Council, which oversees all the cabinets and committees,
6218:
Some companies have partnered up with multiple athletes and created a team of their own. Degree, the deodorant brand, started a team of 14 student athletes to help promote their brand. Degree calls this team Breaking Limits. "The Unilever-owned antiperspirant brand has committed $ 5 million over the
6116:
According to a national study by the National College Players Association (NCPA) and the Drexel University Sport Management Department, the average FBS "full" athletic scholarship falls short of the full cost of attending each school by an average of $ 3285 during 2011β12 school year, and leaves the
5357:
It Takes a Team! project for addressing issues related to LGBTQ equality in intercollegiate athletics. The document provides information on specific issues LGBTQ sportspeople face, similarities and differences of these issues on women's and men's teams, policy recommendations and best practices, and
5304:
community has been under scrutiny and controversy in the public eye of collegiate athletics, but the NCAA has gradually liberalised its policy on them. The NCAA provides many resources concerning the education of the college community on this topic and policies in order to foster diversity. Title IX
4218:
Among the NCAA regulations, each Division I conference defined as a "multisport conference" must have at least seven active Division I member institutions. These conferences must sponsor at least 12 sports, including six sports for men and six for women. At least seven active members in a multisport
2985:
Additionally, eight NCAA sportsβall men's sportsβwere sponsored by fewer Division I schools in 2020 than in 1990, despite the D-I membership having increased by nearly 60 schools during that period. Four of these sports, namely wrestling, swimming & diving, gymnastics, and tennis, lost more than
2920:
In addition to the above sports, the NCAA recognizes Emerging Sports for Women. These sports have scholarship limitations for each sport, but do not currently have officially sanctioned NCAA championships. A member institution may use these sports to meet the required level of sports sponsorship for
1342:
Men's ice hockey uses a similar but not identical "National Collegiate" format as women's ice hockey and men's indoor volleyball (Division III has its own championship but several Division III teams compete in Division I for men's ice hockey), but its top-level championship is branded as a "Division
1338:
For some less-popular sports, the NCAA does not separate teams into their usual divisions and instead holds only one tournament to decide a single national champion between all three divisions (except for women's ice hockey and men's indoor volleyball, where the National Collegiate championship only
6160:
and numerous state laws giving college players the ability to manage their publicity, the board had agreed to new rules that removed restrictions on college athletes from entering paid endorsements and other sponsorship deals, and from using agents to manage their publicity. Students would still be
992:
that provides for an incremental increase in how college athletes can be compensated. Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote the court's opinion, which upheld a district court judge's decision that the NCAA was violating antitrust law by placing limits on the education-related benefits that schools can provide
863:
In 1957, the Colorado Supreme Court dismissed a lawsuit filed by the family of deceased Trinidad College football player Ray Herbert Dennison. Despite suffering a lethal concussion injury on the field in a game versus Fort Lewis A&M College, Dennison was not entitled to any compensation because
5880:
The NCAA provided a breakdown of how those revenues were in turn spent, organizing pay-outs and expenses into some 14 basic categories. By far the largest went to Sports Scholarship and Sponsorship Funds, funding for sports and student scholarships under the Division I Basketball Performance Fund,
5858:
organization. As such, it is not required to pay most taxes on income that for-profit private and public corporations are subject to. The NCAA's business model of prohibiting salaries for collegial athletes has been challenged in court, but a 2015 case was struck down. As of 2014 the NCAA reported
4222:
For all institutions in the Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, they have additional requirements. Among them, they must participate in conference play in at least six men's and eight women's sports, including football, men's and women's basketball, and at least two other women's team sports. In
2981:
The men's sports with the biggest net gains during the 1988/89 to 2010/11 period were indoor track and field, lacrosse, and cross country (each with more than 100 net gains). The men's sports with the biggest losses were wrestling (β104 teams), tennis, and rifle; the men's team sport with the most
605:
served as chairman. He stated, "This represents the second major thrust since our commission was formed three years ago. The first involved academics and infractions. This will be equally momentous and more sweeping. We want to achieve a balance between athletics and other institutional programs."
581:
The regular NCAA meeting in January 1986 presented proposals in regard to college eligibility, drug testing, and basketball competition limits. All passed but matters regarding acceptable academic progress, special-admissions and booster club activities were ignored. Many presidents did not attend
553:
commented, "In too many cases, presidents have not only delegated responsibility, they have abdicated it." Many presidents designated their athletic director as the institutional representative, something Pye compared to "entrusting a chicken coop to the supervision of a wolf and a fox." Beginning
465:
For several years, the NCAA was a discussion group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted: the National Collegiate Track and Field Championships. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, including a basketball
6120:
In 2020, the NCAA Board of Governors announced that they supported rule changes that would permit players to receive athletics-related endorsements from third-parties. All divisions were expected to adopt new rules relating to the use of players' names, images, and likenesses before the 2021β2022
6067:
critique of the organization's 2017 financials indicated some $ 560.3 million of the total $ 956 million paid out went back to its roughly 1,100 member institutions in 24 sports in all three divisions, as well as $ 200 million for a one-time payment the NCAA made to schools to fund
5413:
As of 2018, there has been a continuation of changing school mascots that are said by some to be based on racist or offensive stereotypes. Universities under NCAA policy are under scrutiny for specifically Native American-inspired mascots. While many colleges have changed their mascots, some have
5332:
levels to qualify transgender athletes for participation. A transgender male student-athlete was not allowed to compete on a male sports team unless they had undergone medical treatment of testosterone for gender transition, and a transgender female student-athlete was not allowed to compete on a
5312:
On January 19, 2022, the NCAA approved a new policy for transgender athletes, effective immediately, and this replaced their previous policy, which was in place since 2011. Now, the participation of transgender athletes in a particular sport is generally to be governed by the rules of the sport's
5291:
The NCAA has kept these core values central to its decisions regarding the allocation of championship bids. In April 2016, the Board of Governors announced new requirements for host cities that include protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity for all people
4077:
For every NCAA sanctioned sport other than Division I FBS football, the NCAA awards trophies with gold, silver, and bronze plating for the first-, second-, and third-place teams respectively. In the case of the NCAA basketball tournaments, both semifinalists who did not make the championship game
1407:
to enter and play football for a Division I or Division II college in either of two periods. The first, introduced in 2017β18, is a three-day period in mid-December, coinciding with the first three days of the previously existing signing period for junior college players. The second period, which
1365:
Some sports, including men's and women's golf, men's ice hockey, men's lacrosse, and men's and women's soccer used to have a combined championship between Divisions II and III, but these were known as a "Division II/III championship" in most cases. The NCAA considered these titles equivalent to a
1240:
In 1973 the College Division split up between teams that wanted to grant athletic scholarships (becoming Division II, which inherited the College Division's records and history) and teams that did not (becoming Division III), and the University Division was renamed to Division I. Division I split
830:
It also reduces the size of the NCAA Board of Governors from 20 to 9, and guarantees that current and former athletes have voting representation on both the NCAA board and the governing bodies of each NCAA division. The new constitution was the first step in a reorganization process in which each
565:
was responsible for establishing an agenda for the NCAA, but the actual language of the proposal stated that their role was to be a presidential forum and to provide the NCAA with the president's position on major policy issues. The PC could study issues and urge action, call special meetings and
528:
grew, the scope of the nation's athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the association's membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions β I, II, and III. Five years later in 1978, Division I
377:
Controversially, the NCAA substantially restricts the kinds of benefits and compensation (including paid salary) that collegiate athletes could receive from their schools. The consensus among economists is these caps for men's basketball and football players benefit the athletes' schools (through
6214:
Russell Steinberg in 2021 says, "In addition to his prowess on the football field, where he has a shot at tying the school record for most starts, Marshall's Will Ulmer is a talented musician who wasn't able to earn money using his own name β until now. He had been going by "Lucky Bill" to avoid
5535:
dating back more than a decade. SMU opted not to field a team in 1988 as well due to the aftershocks from the sanctions, and the program has never recovered. The Mustangs did not post a winning season until 1997, did not appear in their next bowl game until 2009, did not post consecutive winning
4585:
Among the NCAA regulations, Division II institutions must sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women (or four for men and six for women), with two team sports for each sex, and each playing season represented by each sex. Teams that consist of both men and women are counted as men's
958:
In August 2015, the National Labor Relations Board reversed a decision settled in the prior year that classified members of Northwestern University's scholarship football players as employees, thus, granting them the right to collectively bargain for their rights. The unionization efforts were a
680:
complained, "The Presidents' Commission needs to do what it does best, and that is to macro-manage. Leave the micro-management to the various expert groups. We will bring back solutions." Numerous presidents were shocked, upset and angry, but the remaining PC members began their own lobbying and
569:
In June 1985 a special convention was held to review legislative proposals including academic integrity, academic-reporting requirements, differences in "major" and "secondary" violations including the "death penalty" and requiring an annual financial audit of athletic departments. All proposals
6728:
President Theodore Roosevelt summoned college athletics leaders to two White House conferences to encourage reforms. In early December 1905, Chancellor Henry M. MacCracken of New York University convened a meeting of 13 institutions to initiate changes in football playing rules. At a subsequent
5561:
in the legal sense). Theoretically, a school can hire someone with a "show cause" on their record during the time the show cause order is in effect only with permission from the NCAA Infractions Committee. The school assumes the risks and stigma of hiring such a person. It may then end up being
5515:
Allegations of rules violations are referred to the NCAA's enforcement staff, who monitor information about potential violations, investigate and process violations, provide notice of alleged violations, and bring cases before the NCAA's Committees on Infractions. A preliminary investigation is
5395:
The NCAA defines a disability as a current impairment that has a substantial educational impact on a student's academic performance and requires accommodation. Student-Athletes with disabilities are given education accommodations along with an adapted sports model. The NCAA hosts adapted sports
5386:
Historically, the NCAA has used its authority in deciding on host cities to promote its core values. The Association also prohibits championship events in states that display the Confederate flag, and at member schools that have abusive or offensive nicknames or mascots based on Native American
5257:
As a core value, the NCAA believes in and is committed to diversity, inclusion and gender equity among its student-athletes, coaches and administrators. It seeks to establish and maintain an inclusive culture that fosters equitable participation for student-athletes and career opportunities for
1033:
which had hosted men's basketball Final Four games in 1940, 1941, and 1942. After Byers moved the headquarters to Kansas City, the championships would be held in Municipal Auditorium in 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1961, and 1964. The Fairfax office consisted of three rooms with no air conditioning.
671:
Presidential turnout for the January 1990 meeting was good and many who did not attend sent a delegate to vote for the PC. The graduation reporting proposal passed overwhelmingly, and the proposal for need-based non-athletic aid passed easily. The final proposal to shorten basketball and spring
582:
and it appeared that athletic directors controlled the meeting. A survey of 138 Division I presidents indicated that athletic directors did control collegiate sports. Despite a moratorium on extending the season of any sport in 1985, the extension of basketball and hockey seasons were approved.
6338:
In previous years, the NCAA has presented the following awards at its NCAA Honors event: Astronaut Salute, Business Leader Salute, Congressional Medal of Honor Salute, Governor Salute, Olympians Salute, Performing Arts Salute, Presidents Cabinet Salute, Prominent National Media Salute, Special
6112:
Pro-rating payouts to Division I basketball players in proportion to the size of revenues its championship tournament generates relative to the NCAA's total annual revenues would be one possible approach, but will open the door to litigation by students and schools adversely affected by such a
5404:
Over the last two decades recruiting international athletes has become a growing trend among NCAA institutions. For example, most German athletes outside of Germany are based at US universities. For many European athletes, the American universities are the only option to pursue an academic and
5382:
Racial/Ethnic minority groups in the NCAA are protected by inclusion and diversity policies put in place to increase sensitivity and awareness to the issues and challenges faced across intercollegiate athletics. The NCAA provides a demographics database that can be openly viewed by the public.
5365:
that allows businesses to discriminate against people based on their sexual orientation. This bill was proposed just before Indianapolis was set to host the 2015 Men's Basketball Final Four tournament. The bill clashed with the NCAA core values of inclusion and equality, and forced the NCAA to
5248:
The week-long program took place October 1β5, 2018. The aim was to utilize social media platforms in order to promote diversity and inclusion within intercollegiate athletics. Throughout the NCAA's history, there has been controversy as to the levels of diversity present within intercollegiate
1427:
Student-athletes can accept prize money from tournaments or competitions if they do not exceed the total expenses from the event. For example, during high school, D1 tennis players may take up to $ 10,000 in total prize money. If the student surpassed the amount of $ 10,000 of prize money in a
768:
Over the last two decades recruiting international athletes has become a growing trend among NCAA institutions. For example, most German athletes outside of Germany are based at US universities. For many European athletes, the American universities are the only option to pursue an academic and
469:
A series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The "Sanity Code" β adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid β failed to curb abuses, and the Association needed to find more effective ways to curtail its membership. Postseason football games were
5344:
In 2010, the NCAA Executive Committee announced its support and commitment to diversity, inclusion, and gender equality among its student-athletes, coaches, and administrators. The statement included the NCAA's commitment to ensuring that all students have equal opportunities to achieve their
5261:
The Office of Inclusion will provide or enable programming and education, which sustains foundations of a diverse and inclusive culture across dimensions of diversity including but not limited to age, race, sex, class, national origin, creed, educational background, religion, gender identity,
6593:
The NCAA prohibits Division III members from using the National Letter of Intent program, or requiring that prospective athletes sign any pre-enrollment document that is not executed by other prospective students at that institution. The NCAA does allow the signing of a standard, non-binding
6222:
On May 23, 2024, the NCAA and its five power conferences agreed to allow schools to directly pay players for the first time in the 100-plus-year history of college sports. The NCAA and its leagues announced their intention to enter into a multibillion-dollar agreement to settle three pending
5871:
In 2017 total NCAA revenues were in excess of $ 1.06 billion. Division I basketball television and marketing rights generated $ 821.4 million, and "championships ticket sales" totaled $ 129.4 million. Other "smaller streams of revenue, such as membership dues" contributed an
4747:
Unlike the other two divisions, Division III institutions cannot offer athletic scholarships. Among the other NCAA Division III requirements, all institutions, regardless of enrollment, must sponsor at least three team sports for each sex/gender, and each playing season represented by each
10119:
6583:
NCAA is commonly pronounced "N C double A" by the general public and in outside media reports, but generally pronounced one letter at a time, "N C A A", in the organization's official media. In its early decades, the pronunciation "N C two A" was also used β this variation is rarely used
6310:, honoring the student-athlete with the highest cumulative GPA who has reached the competition at the finals site for each of the NCAA's 90 men's and women's championships (in Divisions I, II, and III, plus "National Collegiate" championships open to schools from more than one division).
1399:
To meet the Division I requirements for grade point average, the lowest possible high school GPA a student may have to be eligible with to play in their freshman year is a 2.30 (2.20 for Division II or III), but they are allowed to play beginning in their second year with a GPA of 2.00.
656:
was blunt, "Unfortunately, you're dealing with people who don't understand. We're trying to straddle the fence here because you still want me to put 100,000 (fans) in the stadium and the reason you want me to do it is because you're not going to help me financially at all." In 1990, the
5548:
that consequently almost landed Penn State on the hook for the death penalty. They received a $ 60 million fine, in addition to forfeited seasons and other sanctions as well. The NCAA later reversed itself by restoring all forfeited seasons and overturning the remaining sanctions.
1408:
before 2017 was the only one allowed for signings of high school players, starts on the first Wednesday in February. In August 2011, the NCAA announced plans to raise academic requirements for postseason competition, including its two most prominent competitions, football's now-defunct
627:
The Presidents' Commission met in October 1989 to prepare for the 1990 NCAA annual meeting. Proposals were developed to shorten spring football and the basketball season; grant financial aid based on need to academically deficient athletes; and reporting of graduation rates. Chancellor
4187:
The Division I, Division II, and Division III "Independents" listed below are not conferences per se; it is a designation used for schools that do not belong to a conference for a particular sport. These schools may still have conference memberships for other sports. For example,
5345:
academic goals, and coaches and administrators have equal opportunities for career development in a climate of respect. In 2012, the LGBTQ Subcommittee of the NCAA association-wide Committee on Women's Athletics and the Minority Opportunities and Interests Committee commissioned
441:. As other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, but the rules of the game itself were in constant flux and often had to be adapted for each contest.
6097:
and merchandise. Several commentators have discussed whether the NCAA limit on player compensation violates antitrust laws. There is a consensus among economists that the NCAA's compensation caps for men's basketball and football players benefit the athletes' schools (through
704:
The Presidents Commission lasted for 13 years and pushed through initiatives such as restricting the size of coaching staffs; limiting how much time student-athletes can spend on their sports; and setting more demanding academic standards for Divisions I and II. By the 1980s,
6071:
The Division I basketball tournament alone generated some $ 761 million, with another $ 60 million in 2016β17 marketing rights. With increases in rights fees it is estimated the basketball tournament will generate some $ 869 million for the 2018 championship.
3744:
Beach volleyball was not a women's varsity sport in 1982 and the NCAA report does not include the number of teams for that year. Beach volleyball is first listed in the NCAA report in 2011β12 with 14 teams, and so the number of teams for that season is listed in the table
3736:
Acrobatics and tumbling was not a women's varsity sport in 1982 and the NCAA report does not include the number of teams for that year. Bowling is first listed in the NCAA report in 2020β21 with 27 teams, and so the number of teams for that season is listed in the table
9042:
6059:
According to the NCAA, the 2017 fiscal year was the first in which its revenues topped $ 1.0 billion. The increase in revenue from 2016 came from hikes in television and marketing fees, plus greater monies generated from championship events and investment income.
1395:
The 16 academic credits are four courses in English, two courses in math, two classes in social science, two in natural or physical science, and one additional course in English, math, natural or physical science, or another academic course such as a foreign language.
864:
he was not under a contractual obligation to play football. Furthermore, the court stated that the "college did not receive a direct benefit from the activities, since the college was not in the football business and received no benefit from this field of recreation".
697:
urged the vote, stating the NCAA needed "to make a mark on the wall...delay is the deadliest form of denial." Following discussion, compromise and voting on minor issues, the reconsideration motion passed, and the third proposal was adopted with a vote of 165β156.
5288:, criminalized discrimination on the basis of sex. This plays into intercollegiate athletics in that it helps to maintain gender equity and inclusion in intercollegiate athletics. The NCAA provides many resources to provide information and enforce this amendment.
544:
Proposals at every NCAA Convention are voted on by the institutional members of the NCAA. Each institutional member has one representative: the president/CEO or a representative designated by him/her. Attendance by the actual president/CEO was low; less than 30%.
668:. Upon his departure, he predicted, "In the next five years, school presidents will completely confuse intercollegiate athletics directors, then they'll dump it back to athletics directors and say, 'You straighten this out.' About 2000, it may be back on track."
4006:
Equestrian was not a women's varsity sport in 1982 and the NCAA report does not include the number of teams for that year. Equestrian is first listed in the NCAA report in 1988β89 with 41 teams, and so the number of teams for that season is listed in the table
3760:
Water polo was not a women's varsity sport in 1982 and the NCAA report does not include the number of teams for that year. Water polo is first listed in the NCAA report in 2000β01 with 46 teams, and so the number of teams for that season is listed in the table
4010:
Wrestling was not a women's varsity sport in 1982 and the NCAA report does not include the number of teams for that year. Equestrian is first listed in the NCAA report in 2016β17 with 4 teams, and so the number of teams for that season is listed in the table
613:
summarized the situation: "There are presidents whose institutions are so deeply involved in athletics that their own institutional and personal futures hang in the balance. They feel they must resist such change because athletics are bigger than they are."
6647:, the successor to a football-only partnership that shared one automatic berth in the FCS playoffs. Due to an NCAA moratorium on new single-sport conferences, the UAC is not recognized as an NCAA conference, but rather as a continuation of that partnership.
7654:"NCAA v. BOARD OF REGENTS OF UNIV. OF OKLA., 468 U.S. 85 (1984) 468 U.S. 85 NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION v. BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT No. 83-271"
3756:
Triathlon was not a women's varsity sport in 1982 and the NCAA report does not include the number of teams for that year. Bowling is first listed in the NCAA report in 2015β16 with 4 teams, and so the number of teams for that season is listed in the table
3752:
Stunt was not a women's varsity sport in 1982 and the NCAA report does not include the number of teams for that year. Water polo is first listed in the NCAA report in 2022β23 with 2 teams, and so the number of teams for that season is listed in the table
5229:. EA only acquired the license so that it could officially incorporate the Division I men's basketball tournament into its college basketball game series. The NCAA withdrew EA's license due to uncertainties surrounding a series of lawsuits, most notably
3740:
Bowling was not a women's varsity sport in 1982 and the NCAA report does not include the number of teams for that year. Bowling is first listed in the NCAA report in 1998β99 with 5 teams, and so the number of teams for that season is listed in the table
596:
The PC attempted to again push the reform of college athletics by calling another special convention which was held in June 1987 to discuss cost-cutting measures and to address the overemphasis on athletics in colleges and universities. John Slaughter,
3748:
Rugby was not a women's varsity sport in 1982 and the NCAA report does not include the number of teams for that year. Bowling is first listed in the NCAA report in 2002β03 with 2 teams, and so the number of teams for that season is listed in the table
448:
in the early 20th century in response to repeated injuries and deaths in college football which had "prompted many college and universities to discontinue the sport." Following those White House meetings and the reforms which had resulted, Chancellor
1391:
To participate in college athletics in their freshman year, the NCAA requires that students meet three criteria: having graduated from high school, be completing the minimum required academic courses, and having qualifying grade-point average (GPA).
8539:
4119:. Instead, several outside bodies award their own titles. The NCAA does not hold a championship tournament or game for Division I FBS football. In the past, teams that placed first in any of a number of season-ending media polls, most notable the
970:
filed a lawsuit alleging that the university violated his First Amendment rights when it rescinded his full athletic scholarship over the income De La Haye made from his monetized YouTube channel, which he started before he attended college.
7223:"Protection of College Athletes. Hearings Before the Special Subcommittee on Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress; First Session on H.R. 5623 and H.R. 5624", March and April 1973.
5552:
Additionally, in particularly egregious cases of rules violations, coaches, athletic directors, and athletic support staff can be barred from working for any NCAA member school without permission from the NCAA. This procedure is known as a
826:
During the NCAA's 2022 annual convention, the membership ratified a new version of the organization's constitution. The new constitution dramatically simplifies a rulebook that many college sports leaders saw as increasingly bloated.
5909:
Distributed to Division I conferences and independent schools based on their performance in the men's basketball tournament over a six-year rolling period. The money is used to fund NCAA sports and provide scholarships for college
1123:, a joint venture between two subsidiaries of the NCAA, Arbiter LLC and eOfficials LLC. The NCAA's stated objective for the venture is to help improve the fairness, quality, and consistency of officiating across amateur athletics.
5958:
Distributed equally among Division I basketball-playing conferences that meet athletic and academic standards to play in the men's basketball tournament. The money is used to fund NCAA sports and provide scholarships for college
9050:
4184:, organized in declining program size, as well as numerous sub-divisions. Most schools belong to a primary "multisport conference" for most of their sports. Schools may belong to different conferences for different sports.
1067:
In 1997, it asked for bids for a new headquarters. Various cities competed for a new headquarters with the two finalists being Kansas City and Indianapolis. Kansas City proposed to relocate the NCAA back downtown near the
508:, in 1952. A program to control live television of football games was approved, the annual Convention delegated enforcement powers to the Association's Council, and legislation was adopted governing postseason bowl games.
2982:
net losses was water polo. Other reports show that 355 college wrestling programs have been eliminated since 2000; 212 men's gymnastics programs have been eliminated since 1969 with only 17 programs remaining as of 2013.
1384:. All incoming athletes must be certified as amateurs. To remain eligible, athletes must not sign contract with sports clubs, earn a salary playing a sport, try out for professional sports, or enter into agreements with
457:
organized a meeting of 13 colleges and universities to initiate changes in football playing rules; at a follow-on meeting on December 28, 1905, in New York, 62 higher-education institutions became charter members of the
6153:'s anti-trust and trade regulations. Though this holding did not address restrictions on direct compensation payment to athletes, it also opened the door for the possibly of future court cases concerning this matter.
2243:
The NCAA also formerly sanctioned a trampoline championship. Prior to 1969, it was one of the events in the men's gymnastics championship, but it was given its own championship in 1969 and 1970 before being dropped
10062:
Kalita, Deep; Tarnavchyk, Ihor; Sundquist, David; Samanta, Satyabrata; Bahr, James; Shafranska, Oleana; Sibi, Mukund; Chisholm, Bret (July 1, 2015). "Novel biobased poly(vinyl ether)s for coating applications".
6215:
running afoul of NCAA regulations, but now says he is ready to book shows using his real name" (Steinberg 2021). The NIL has allowed Ulmer great opportunities to further pursue his football and musician career.
4150:, which is not officially sanctioned or recognized by the NCAA. The winner of the game receives a trophy; since the NCAA awards no national championship for Division I FBS football, this trophy does not denote
5369:
On September 12, 2016, the NCAA announced that it would pull all seven planned championship events out of North Carolina for the 2016β2017 academic year. This decision was a response to the state passing the
3402:
The women's sports with the biggest net gains during the 1988β89 to 2010β11 period were soccer (+599 teams), golf, and indoor track and field; no women's sports programs experienced double-digit net losses.
651:
responded, "They tend to want quick answers and you don't solve the complexities of intercollegiate athletics. Yes, presidents are involved, but the truth is, they really don't have time to be involved."
6603:
Men and women compete together as team members in this sport today, but men's and women's championships were separate between 1982 and 1989. All individual bouts have always involved members of the same
6211:, a cornerback from Alabama known since childhood as "Kool-Aid", signed a deal with Kool-Aid. Not only can they partner up with companies, student athletes can get paid for other talents (i.e. singing).
10718:
10571:
433:. As rowing remained the preeminent sport in the country into the late-1800s, many of the initial debates about collegiate athletic eligibility and purpose were settled through organizations like the
6681:
Men's volleyball is the conference's only remaining NCAA sport after it disbanded as an all-sports league at the end of the 2022β23 school year. The conference also operates in the non-NCAA esports.
867:
In 1977, prompted partly by the Tarkanian Case, the US Congress initiated an investigation into the NCAA. It, combined with Tarkanian's case, forced the NCAA's internal files into the public record.
6256:
8536:
5349:
a document that provides resources and advocacy that promotes inclusion and equality for LGBTQ student-athletes, coaches, administrators and all others associated with intercollegiate athletics
5292:
involved in the event. This decision was prompted by several states passing laws that permit discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity in accordance with religious beliefs.
1443:
The NCAA currently awards 90 national championships yearly β 46 women's, 41 men's, and 3 coed championships for fencing, rifle, and skiing. Sports sanctioned by the NCAA include the following:
942:, into the search engine of the NCAA's official online store. The search results returned corresponding numbered team jerseys. The NCAA subsequently removed the team jerseys listed on its site.
6594:
celebratory form upon the student's acceptance of enrollment, but this signing cannot take place at the institution's campus, and staff members of that school cannot be present at the signing.
681:
arm-twisting. An hour later, there was a sense that representatives who had voted against the direction of their respective presidents had reconsidered, and a motion was made to reconsider by
620:
However, a year later at the annual meeting, financial aid restrictions were proposed for specific Division I and II sports. Following extensive discussions, the measure was withdrawn and a
9392:
5512:
Member schools pledge to follow the rules promulgated by the NCAA. Creation of a mechanism to enforce the NCAA's legislation occurred in 1952 after careful consideration by the membership.
5341:, he argued that the "one-year suppressant requirement is not nearly stringent enough to create a level playing field between Thomas and the biological females against whom she is racing".
362:
was further divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978, while Division I programs that did not have football teams were known as I-AAA. In 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the
10692:
6711:
4025:
1424:" (APR) that measures retention and graduation rates, and is calculated on a four-year, rolling basis. The changes raise the rate from 900 to 930, which represents a 50% graduation rate.
4146:β has arranged to place the top four teams (based on a thirteen-member committee that selects and seeds the teams) into two semifinal games, with the winners advancing to compete in the
6410:
6031:
Supports various educational services for members to help prepare student-athletes for life, including the Women Coaches Academy, the Emerging Leaders Seminars, and the Pathway Program.
10449:
7301:
5946:
Includes funding for catastrophic injury insurance, drug testing, student-athlete leadership programs, postgraduate scholarships, and additional Association-wide championships support.
5498:
originally created to educate Native Americans and enjoying close ties to the local Lumbee tribe, was approved to continue the use of native-derived imagery without needing an appeal.
11695:
10929:
10850:
2140:
5258:
coaches and administrators from diverse backgrounds. Diversity and inclusion improve the learning environment for all student-athletes and enhance excellence within the Association.
5225:
series. The NCAA's licensing was not required to produce the games, as rights to use teams are not licensed through the NCAA, but through entities such as individual schools and the
11691:
11440:
4035:
2986:
20 net teams during that timeframe. As a proportion of D-I membership, men's tennis took the greatest hit; 71.5% of D-I members had men's tennis in 2020, compared to 93.2% in 1990.
2135:
2105:
1542:
in spring 2016. The NCAA had called the sport "sand volleyball" until June 23, 2015, when it announced that it would use the internationally recognized name of "beach volleyball".
554:
around 1980, a group of college presidents thought there was a crisis of integrity in collegiate sports and discussed ways to transform athletics to match the academic model. The
11971:
11685:
11436:
11165:
9227:
4021:
2130:
2122:
2100:
1145:
6207:
The new NIL agreement has given student athletes big time deals and opportunities to put themselves out there and gain profit using their name, image, and likeness. For example,
11681:
11430:
11161:
8882:
5157:
for coverage of its 88 championships. According to the official NCAA website, ESPN and its associated networks have rights to 21 championships, CBS to 65, TNT Sports to one and
2117:
2095:
2087:
1431:
Students are generally allowed to compete athletically for four years. Athletes are allowed to sit out a year while still attending school but not lose a year of eligibility by
358:
for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships. Generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I
5179:
ESPN: Women's basketball (all divisions), baseball, softball, ice hockey (men's Division I), football (all divisions including Div. I FCS), soccer (Division I for both genders)
11653:
11426:
11155:
11013:
8752:
Hishinuma, Earl S.; Fremstad, John S. (1997). "NCAA College Freshmen Academic Requirements: Academic Standards or Unfair Roadblocks for Students with Learning Disabilities?".
4106:
2970:
The popularity of each of these sports programs has changed over time. Between 1988β89 and 2010β11, NCAA schools had net additions of 510 men's teams and 2,703 women's teams.
2112:
2082:
2035:
10461:
7713:
Benjamin Bendrich: Studentischer Spitzensport zwischen Resignation, Mythos und Aufbruch: eine Studie zur dualen Karriere in Deutschland und den USA.GΓΆttingen: Optimus, 2015.
5493:
Chattanooga β removed the mascot, Chief Moccanooga and the Moccasin Shoe imagery in 1996; Kept the term, "Mocs", but reassigned its representation to the official State Bird.
922:
claimed that the NCAA was taking advantage of individual players through jersey sales in its store. Specifically, he typed the names of several top college football players,
12191:
11398:
11151:
2077:
2030:
721:. The plaintiffs stated that the NCAA's football television plan constituted price fixing, output restraints, boycott, and monopolizing, all of which were illegal under the
11648:
11123:
2025:
2017:
1229:
Before 1957, all NCAA sports used a single division of competition. In 1957 the NCAA split into two divisions for men's basketball only, with major programs making up the
8608:
8429:
1552:
The NCAA awards championships in the sports listed below. For the three coeducational championships, women's dates reflect the first championship that was open to women.
11393:
2012:
4502:
Division I ice hockey has a different conference structure than the above multisport conferences. These schools have memberships in other conferences for other sports.
2973:
The following tables show the changes over time in the number of NCAA schools across all three divisions combined sponsoring each of the men's and women's team sports.
11118:
8912:
8831:
2007:
636:
was then chairman of the PC insisted that graduation rate data was needed to preclude "further need for federal legislation" that was being proposed by Representative
11847:
7757:
11936:
4167:
8136:
Factors influencing college basketball players to attend selected NCAA Division I colleges, NCAA Division II colleges or NAIA colleges or NCAA Division III colleges
4097:(USC) have the most NCAA championships. Stanford has won 131 and UCLA has won 119 NCAA team championships in men's and women's sports, while USC is third with 111.
11526:
7284:
9443:
593:
The PC proposed just one legislative issue at the January 1987 meeting: applying the minimum academic standards in Division I to Division II. It narrowly passed.
12196:
12150:
11251:
7572:
4968:
4902:
1689:
6055:
Funds the day-to-day operations of the NCAA national office, including administrative and financial services, information technology, and facilities management.
2240:
from 1932 to 1960. The NCAA discontinued boxing following declines in the sport during the 1950s and following the death of a boxer at the 1960 NCAA tournament.
11521:
10991:
10937:
10843:
7731:
6947:
Sanderson, Allen R.; Siegfried, John J. (March 1, 2018). "The National Collegiate Athletic Association Cartel: Why it Exists, How it Works, and What it Does".
6439:
6347:
The NCAA is the dominant, but not the only, collegiate athletic organization in the United States. Several other such collegiate athletic organizations exist.
1684:
872:
731:
31:
9915:
11246:
10942:
7117:
1679:
1671:
11964:
11896:
11308:
10986:
7493:
4039:
1666:
12006:
10523:
9799:
9533:
Athletic directors, faculty athletic representatives, and women's basketball coaches perceptions of Title IX compliance at NCAA Division III institutions
6392:
5581:
The NCAA has a two-tier sponsorship division. AT&T, Coca-Cola, and Capital One are NCAA Corporate Champions, all others are NCAA Corporate Partners.
1661:
1348:
823:
In 2014, the NCAA set a record high of $ 989 million in net revenue. Just shy of $ 1 billion, it is among the highest of all large sports organizations.
607:
533:
529:
members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA (renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and the Football Championship Subdivision in 2006) in football.
470:
multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance.
9331:
8948:
8479:
7788:
7159:
6200:(Fresno State basketball), all signed deals and/or unveiled trademarks to profit off of their names, images, and likenesses. As of day one, LSU gymnast
5523:
In cases of particularly egregious misconduct, the NCAA has the power to ban a school from participating in a particular sport, a penalty known as the "
765:, 525 U.S. 459 (1999) the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the NCAA was not subject to that law, without reviewing the merits of the discrimination claim.
11710:
11597:
11511:
11301:
8278:
7861:
7090:
6443:
6145:
6087:
5317:
policy criteria (though an NCAA committee may provide its own recommendation). This action prompted immediate critique from LGBTQ advocates, including
4849:
2170:
1882:
1847:
1638:
987:
391:
370:(FCS). In its 2022β23 fiscal year, the NCAA generated $ 1.28 billion in revenue, $ 945 million (74%) of which came from airing rights to the
8219:
12201:
12186:
12181:
12120:
12019:
12014:
11924:
11670:
11450:
11342:
11236:
10836:
10460:
Brian Kemp signs House Bill 617, allowing Georgia's NCAA athletes to profit off Name, Image and Likeness, The Signal, Andrew Freedman,(May. 6, 2021)(
8336:
8304:
6613:
Men and women compete together in this sport as equals, making this the only NCAA sport in which men and women directly compete against one another..
6368:
6356:
6081:
5544:'s men's tennis team in 2005. In addition to these cases, the most recent Division I school to be considered was Penn State. This was because of the
4663:
2165:
1877:
1633:
900:
761:
367:
10431:
8560:
6304:, honoring a senior student-athlete who has distinguished herself throughout her collegiate career in academics, athletics, service, and leadership.
644:. The proposals demonstrated that the PC was intent on regaining control of college athletics and the opposition was immediate. Commissioner of the
477:(AAU). The complexity of those problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership.
12065:
11705:
11592:
11575:
11506:
11175:
11062:
10976:
10663:
10141:
9388:
7519:
4980:
4466:
2160:
2152:
2070:
1974:
1872:
1864:
1834:
1628:
1620:
1108:
The NCAA's Board of Governors (formerly known as the Executive Committee) is the main body within the NCAA. This body elects the NCAA's president.
10722:
8457:
3765:
The following table lists the women's individual NCAA sports with at least 1,000 participating athletes. Sports are ranked by number of athletes.
12029:
11957:
11665:
11415:
11337:
11324:
11231:
11140:
10634:
8505:
8009:
6539:
6380:
4783:
4627:
2065:
1969:
1859:
1829:
1792:
1615:
1344:
1080:
was nearly 23 years old. Indianapolis argued that it was in fact more central than Kansas City in that two-thirds of the members are east of the
42:
9749:
5176:, and NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament), track and field, ice hockey (women's division I), golf (Divisions II and III, both genders)
11626:
11563:
11057:
11045:
10971:
10667:
9625:
6161:
required to inform the school of all such activities, with the school to make determinations if those activities violate state and local laws.
5532:
5322:
5169:
4147:
2060:
2052:
1963:
1955:
1854:
1824:
1787:
1610:
1417:
371:
8970:
3178:
The following table lists the men's individual DI sports with at least 5,000 participating athletes. Sports are ranked by number of athletes.
2248:
The number of teams (school programs) that compete in each sport in their respective division as of the 2021β22 academic year are as follows:
12044:
11410:
11371:
11288:
11135:
10924:
6386:
5015:
4986:
4896:
4890:
4855:
2047:
1950:
1782:
1774:
10696:
10247:
9211:
9017:
8253:
12034:
11621:
11558:
11091:
11033:
10345:
10275:
8667:
6828:
6362:
4795:
4717:
4603:
4453:
2042:
1769:
578:
stated that "the ultimate responsibility must be assumed by the CEOs because we don't have enough NCAA cops to solve all of the problems."
11366:
11283:
9172:
9084:
5371:
5362:
4497:
1764:
1730:
793:
788:, became the NCAA's first non-US member institution, joining Division II. In 2018, Division II membership approved allowing schools from
7811:
5387:
imagery. Board members wish to ensure that anyone associated with an NCAA championship event will be treated with fairness and respect.
5262:
disability, gender expression, geographical location, income, marital status, parental status, sexual orientation and work experiences.
72:
12115:
12100:
12095:
12080:
12001:
11086:
11028:
10919:
9363:
9284:
9249:
8805:
6475:
4591:
4213:
1945:
1725:
8890:
12125:
11722:
11536:
4116:
2218:
1720:
747:
had remained in effect for the 1984 season, they would have generated some $ 73.6 million for the association and its members.)
363:
10027:
Kevin Bruyneel (2016). "Race, Colonialism, and the Politics of Indian Sports Names and Mascots: The Washington Football Team Case".
6715:
5265:
This statement was adopted by the NCAA Executive Committee in April 2010, and amended by the NCAA Board of Governors in April 2017.
12090:
11462:
11261:
10789:
10769:
10749:
6574:
As "Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States" (IAAUS), renamed "National Collegiate Athletic Association" in 1910.
6514:
6450:
6425:
4926:
4825:
4753:
2213:
1812:
1026:. The move was intended to separate the NCAA from the direct influence of any individual conference and keep it centrally located.
904:, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the NCAA was not subject to that law, without reviewing the merits of the discrimination claim.
266:
12085:
12075:
11873:
11580:
11548:
11187:
11001:
10671:
9421:
4974:
4681:
4139:
2208:
2201:
2000:
1748:
1594:
1539:
434:
5922:
Provides college athletes the opportunity to compete for a championship and includes support for team travel, food, and lodging.
5277:
on campuses, an athletics program is considered gender equitable when both women's and men's sports programs reach a consensus.
12105:
12060:
11980:
11891:
11809:
11484:
11273:
10675:
8583:
8433:
6672:
Although the CAA football league is administered by the all-sports CAA, the two sides of the CAA are legally separate entities.
6660:
6509:
6236:
5507:
5490:
William & Mary β Adjusted Tribe logo to remove feathers to comply with NCAA. Athletics teams are still called Tribe. (2007)
5090:
5065:
5034:
4699:
4597:
4530:
1995:
1799:
1743:
1589:
1224:
7838:
11868:
11814:
11799:
11638:
11609:
11494:
11209:
11018:
10954:
10448:
Board of Governors moves toward allowing student-athlete compensation for endorsements and promotions, NCAA (April 29, 2020)(
8391:
7435:
7375:
6529:
6462:
5021:
4536:
4517:
4511:
4319:
4043:
2193:
1923:
1842:
1737:
1584:
1220:
1073:
8923:
11383:
11354:
11219:
10914:
10679:
10332:
10215:
9671:
7765:
6549:
6240:
5109:
4729:
1918:
1343:
I" championship. While the NCAA has not explained why it is the only sport with this distinction, the NCAA held a separate
1216:
1060:
suburban location, noting that its location on the southern edges of the Kansas City suburbs was more than 40 minutes from
350:
was adopted by the NCAA membership in a special convention. Under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer
7204:
6019:
Distributed to Division I conferences for programs that enhance officiating, compliance, minority opportunities, and more.
11858:
11616:
11604:
11361:
11349:
11103:
11074:
11069:
5071:
4819:
4645:
4472:
2147:
1990:
1913:
769:
athletic career at the same time. Many of these students come to the US with high academic expectations and aspirations.
412:
17:
12110:
11751:
11660:
11405:
11130:
9454:
6993:
Blair, Roger D.; Whitman, Joseph (March 1, 2017). "The NCAA Cartel, Monopsonistic Restrictions, and Antitrust Policy".
5545:
5415:
5405:
athletic career at the same time. Some of these students go to the US with high academic expectations and aspirations.
4950:
4801:
4789:
4705:
4368:
4343:
2186:
1030:
841:
726:
438:
387:
10477:
7039:
Humphreys, Brad R.; Ruseski, Jane E. (2009). "Monitoring Cartel Behavior and Stability: Evidence from NCAA Football".
4154:
as other NCAA college sports national championship trophies do. The playoff will expand to 12 teams starting in 2024.
10365:
10167:
9985:
9941:
9723:
9601:
9573:
8695:
7984:
7718:
7653:
6745:
5205:
5115:
5103:
5003:
4639:
2948:
1061:
570:
passed overwhelmingly. Many presidents who did not attend sent a vice-president rather than their athletic director.
9697:
9479:
9110:
6806:
6128:
signed Bill 617 into law, giving collegiate athletes the ability to profit off their Name, Image and Likeness. The
5487:
Bradley, Alcorn State β Both schools stopped using Native American mascots but have retained their Braves nickname.
4944:
4423:
1088:
far eclipsed 19,500-seat Kemper Arena. In 1999, the NCAA moved its 300-member staff to its new headquarters in the
9147:
11108:
9775:
Fowler, Pat (2007). "Student-Athlete Gambling: The FCCG, NCAA and NFHS Team Up for Student-Athlete Programming".
9506:
8718:
6295:
6252:
5314:
5173:
4997:
4920:
4355:
979:
policy forbidding student-athletes from using their likenesses to make money. De La Haye ultimately settled with
912:
831:
division will have the right to set its own rules, with no approval needed from the rest of the NCAA membership.
9309:
8856:
5484:
Illinois β Removed Chief Illiniwek as official symbol in 2007. Athletics teams are still called Fighting Illini.
759:
for systematically giving men in graduate school more waivers than a woman to participate in college sports. In
8365:
7265:
6534:
4908:
4128:
2915:
706:
690:
8992:
8416:
6275:, honoring an individual who has provided significant leadership as an advocate for intercollegiate athletics.
898:
for systematically giving men in graduate school more waivers than women to participate in college sports. In
12039:
6456:
6374:
6150:
5528:
5158:
5009:
4962:
4765:
4633:
980:
972:
963:
881:
877:
857:
816:
736:
555:
546:
10501:"Supreme Court rules against NCAA, opening door to significant increase in compensation for student athlete"
7337:
6631:
Men and women compete together as team members in this sport, but all races involve members of only one sex.
5421:
Here is a list of notable colleges that changed Native American mascots and/or nicknames in recent history:
1053:. The new building was on 11.35 acres (45,900 m) and had 130,000 square feet (12,000 m) of space.
617:
The PC sponsored no legislation at the January 1988 annual meeting, and there was not a vote of confidence.
6733:(IAAUS). The IAAUS officially was constituted March 31, 1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910.
6544:
6301:
5354:
5226:
5121:
4312:
4249:
308:
259:
10546:
10318:
7156:
6204:
was projected to be the highest earning college athlete of 2021β22, out of both men's and women's sports.
701:
The Presidents Commission held hearings beginning on May 9, 1991, to develop stronger academic standards.
504:
Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, and a national headquarters was established in
12145:
9078:"Student-Athlete Participation 1981-1982β2010-11: NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report"
8616:
7816:
7689:
6414:
6316:, honoring six distinguished former student-athletes on the 25th anniversary of their college graduation.
5897:
Distributed to Division I schools to help fund NCAA sports and provide scholarships for college athletes.
5084:
4867:
4861:
4447:
1545:
The Football Bowl Subdivision of Division I determines its own champion separately from the NCAA via the
10500:
7246:
5164:
to two. The following are the most prominent championships and rights holders until the 2023β24 season:
462:. The IAAUS was officially established on March 31, 1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910.
11787:
8454:
8366:"Final Four: Indianapolis competes with Dallas, Denver and Kansas City for the NCAA's new headquarters"
6644:
5934:
Distributed to Division I student-athletes for essential needs that arise during their time in college.
5150:
4759:
4361:
4115:
The NCAA has never sanctioned an official championship for its highest level of football, now known as
1704:
1696:
884:, paving the way for schools and conferences to independently make deals with TV broadcasters directly.
849:
8630:
8515:
7927:
7319:
7232:
11834:
11761:
9750:"Diversity Facilitator Withdraws From NCAA Program in Wake of Association's Trans Eligibility Change"
7623:
6313:
6272:
5249:
athletics, and this campaign is the NCAA's most straightforward approach to combatting these issues.
4914:
4807:
4723:
4711:
4621:
4266:
4193:
4189:
1938:
1930:
1654:
1432:
1404:
7545:
6729:
meeting on December 28 in New York City, 62 colleges and universities became charter members of the
11774:
11734:
10885:
9893:
8343:
8311:
6331:
6284:
6269:(not given every year); selection is based on the heroic action occurring during the academic year.
6137:
5285:
4938:
4771:
4669:
4375:
4163:
4135:
4110:
2237:
1546:
1413:
1409:
1355:
1230:
1064:. They also noted that the suburban location was not drawing visitors to its new visitors' center.
686:
331:
6622:
Rifle was the only NCAA sport whose championship was open to women before the 1981β82 school year.
4052:
2006 NCAA championship banners hang from the ceiling of the NCAA Hall of Champions in Indianapolis
1435:. In other words, a student has five years from the time they begin college to play four seasons.
709:
had become a larger source of income for the NCAA. In September 1981, the Board of Regents of the
11824:
6915:
Garthwaite, Craig; Keener, Jordan; Notowidigdo, Matthew J; Ozminkowski, Nicole F (October 2020).
6325:
5203:
had a license to develop college sports video games with the NCAA's branding, which included its
4687:
4675:
4549:
4477:
4405:
4349:
4272:
4255:
4031:
1897:
1889:
1042:
773:
483:, previously an assistant sports information director, was named executive director in 1951. The
300:
252:
8660:
398:
in May 2024 allowing member institutions to pay Division I athletes who have played since 2016.
10880:
6524:
6322:, one of the NCAA's highest honors exemplifying outstanding leadership and service to the NCAA.
6319:
6278:
5767:
5211:
4992:
4873:
4843:
4557:
4387:
4260:
1421:
1375:
1097:
1089:
1057:
812:
710:
633:
602:
474:
330:
Until 1957, the NCAA was a single division for all schools. That year, the NCAA split into the
288:
10357:
10116:"Baylor University, Former Basketball Coaches Penalized for Multiple Violations of NCAA Rules"
9206:
9204:
9202:
9200:
9198:
9196:
9194:
9192:
9179:
9077:
7494:"The NCAA Presidents Commission, representing top executives of the nation's leading colleges"
5414:
gotten legal permission from the tribe represented and will continue to bear the mascot. This
887:
In 1998, the NCAA settled a $ 2.5 million lawsuit filed by former UNLV basketball coach,
661:
head football coach and athletic director resigned his college job to become president of the
6129:
6043:
Includes support for Association-wide legal services, communications, and business insurance.
5624:
4777:
4693:
4651:
4615:
4441:
2932:
1464:
1359:
1234:
1204:
1050:
1007:
845:
714:
662:
571:
505:
335:
46:
35:
9354:
9275:
9240:
8796:
8685:
7597:
1354:
All sports used the National Collegiate format until 1957, when the NCAA was split into the
11717:
11457:
11182:
10959:
10828:
9189:
9165:
7899:
6232:
6149:
that the NCAA's restrictions on education-related payments were unlawfully in violation of
6101:) at the expense of the athletes. Economists have subsequently characterized the NCAA as a
6091:
5524:
5193:
4932:
4657:
4609:
4417:
4381:
4295:
2928:
1532:
1488:
1023:
807:
426:
382:) at the expense of the athletes. Economists have subsequently characterized the NCAA as a
355:
6814:
1092:
in a four-story 140,000-square-foot (13,000 m) facility on the west edge of downtown
8:
12070:
11949:
10193:
8176:
7681:
6266:
5780:
5685:
5558:
5231:
5221:
4831:
4435:
4411:
4307:
4284:
2959:
1492:
951:
694:
658:
497:
454:
10599:
8395:
1041:, moving again in 1973 to a $ 1.2 million building on 3.4 acres (14,000 m) on
1034:
Byers' staff consisted of four people: an assistant, two secretaries, and a bookkeeper.
11794:
11782:
11570:
11501:
11317:
11226:
11040:
10966:
10822:
10432:"Study: "The $ 6 Billion Heist Robbing College Athletes Under the Guise of Amateurism""
10413:
10388:
Blair, Roger D.; Wang, Wenche (March 1, 2018). "The NCAA Cartel and Antitrust Policy".
10220:
10044:
9872:
9619:
8777:
8051:
7693:
7364:
7072:
7064:
7052:
7018:
6972:
6519:
6406:
6395:(AIAW) β disbanded in 1982, after NCAA began sponsoring championships in women's sports
6248:
6244:
6208:
5598:
5554:
5138:
4956:
4884:
4301:
4289:
4197:
1019:
645:
583:
491:
445:
418:
30:"NCAA" redirects here. For the unrelated athletics association in the Philippines, see
9415:
7685:
6776:
6257:
List of 2009 all-decade Sports Illustrated awards and honors#College basketball honors
5476:
North Dakota β Formally dropped Fighting Sioux in 2012; adopted Fighting Hawks in 2015
986:
In June 2021, the Supreme Court of the United States unanimously affirmed a ruling in
11474:
10417:
10405:
10361:
10048:
9981:
9947:
9937:
9831:
9607:
9597:
9569:
8769:
8691:
8227:
8055:
7990:
7980:
7714:
7371:
7056:
7022:
7010:
6964:
6432:
6365:(NJCAA) β two-year colleges (does not operate in California or the Pacific Northwest)
6181:
6007:
Funds championships, grants, and other initiatives for Division III college athletes.
5541:
5537:
4742:
4393:
4278:
4181:
4086:
1081:
967:
927:
629:
525:
347:
241:
237:
8781:
7461:
7076:
6976:
5983:
Funds championships, grants, and other initiatives for Division II college athletes.
624:
was formed to study the issue. Once again, a proposal from the PC was circumvented.
11633:
11587:
11543:
11489:
11378:
11332:
11268:
11214:
11199:
11098:
11052:
11008:
10949:
10550:
10397:
10353:
10072:
10040:
10036:
10009:
10000:
Reisyan, Garo D. (March 2017). "The Times of Random Leadership Capacity Are over".
9973:
9905:
9877:
9862:
9780:
9651:
9561:
9536:
8761:
8195:
8172:
8139:
8107:
8082:
8043:
8010:"Meet the man who thinks he 'screwed up' college football with a Supreme Court win"
7957:
7895:
7122:
7048:
7002:
6956:
6924:
6895:
6177:
5611:
5192:
has exclusive radio rights to the men's and women's basketball Final Fours and the
4580:
4177:
1508:
1500:
1460:
931:
781:
450:
359:
343:
231:
227:
8254:"Former University of Central Florida kicker scores courtroom win in YouTube case"
7221:
6339:
Recognition Awards, U.S. House of Representatives Salute, and U.S. Senate Salute.
6117:
vast majority of full scholarship players living below the federal poverty line.
5995:
Covers costs related to NCAA governance committees and the annual NCAA Convention.
444:
The NCAA dates its formation to two White House conferences convened by President
12155:
10904:
10304:
8832:"Collegiate Commissioners Association approves early signing period for football"
8543:
8461:
7163:
6288:
6185:
6173:
5467:
Southeast Missouri State β Indians (men) and Otahkians (women) to Redhawks (2005)
5274:
5200:
4553:
4209:
4173:
1538:
The newest sport to be officially sanctioned is beach volleyball, which held its
1520:
1480:
1472:
1452:
1046:
1038:
976:
888:
801:
673:
653:
610:
575:
485:
422:
339:
292:
221:
217:
10076:
8537:
Senior VP Jim Isch named interim president Isch pledges to further Brand's focus
8430:"NCAA Invests in Largest Officiating Management Organizations in Amateur Sports"
5971:
Distributed to Division I schools to assist with academic programs and services.
532:
Until the 1980s, the association did not govern women's athletics. Instead, the
11081:
10524:"In win for athletes, U.S. Supreme Court rejects some NCAA compensation limits"
10344:
Tollison, Robert D. (April 13, 2012). Kahane, Leo H; Shmanske, Stephen (eds.).
9804:
8765:
7436:"College Presidents and the NCAA Presidents ' Commission: All Bark and No Bite"
6307:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6165:
5855:
5749:
5570:
5334:
5053:
4837:
4399:
4332:
4326:
1504:
1381:
1200:
1163:
1135:
was appointed executive director. In 1998, the title was changed to president.
994:
939:
935:
853:
682:
665:
550:
430:
390:
unanimously ruled that some of these NCAA restrictions on student athletes are
316:
10401:
9835:
9656:
9148:"A Collegiate Model in Crisis: The Crippling Impact of Schools Cutting Sports"
8047:
6960:
6164:
On the first day of effect for the NIL rule change (July 1), athletes such as
12175:
10572:"NCAA NIL tracker: Which college athletes signed endorsement deals on Day 1?"
10409:
9977:
9951:
9800:"Without NCAA Action, the Effects of Lia Thomas Situation Are Akin to Doping"
9611:
8231:
8144:
7994:
7060:
7014:
7006:
6968:
6857:
6500:
5667:
4429:
2943:
2937:
1528:
1187:
1116:
677:
395:
296:
161:
109:
9541:
7789:"Division II votes to permit membership applications from schools in Mexico"
894:
In 1999, the NCAA was sued for discriminating against female athletes under
755:
In 1999, the NCAA was sued for discriminating against female athletes under
501:
described him as a dictator, and others described him as a "petty tyrant."β
12160:
10093:
9784:
8951:(Press release). National Collegiate Athletic Association. January 17, 2015
8337:"NCAA will move in 1989 to Overland Park, Kansas β NCAA News β May 4, 1988"
6201:
6133:
6098:
5563:
5396:
championships for both track and field and swimming and diving as of 2015.
5329:
5318:
5189:
5161:
5154:
4124:
1496:
1468:
1385:
1157:
1151:
1139:
1132:
1093:
1077:
1069:
1011:
1006:
The modern era of the NCAA began in July 1955 when its executive director,
911:(C.D. Cal. September 20, 2006) was brought by former NCAA student-athletes
641:
637:
587:
480:
379:
320:
128:
78:
9867:
9850:
9565:
8773:
8111:
6663:, a single-sport partnership with one automatic berth in the FCS playoffs.
5418:
has not been completely settled; however, many issues have been resolved.
417:
Intercollegiate sports began in the United States in 1852 when crews from
8949:"NCAA DII, DIII membership approves Sand Volleyball as 90th championship"
7338:"National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) | American organization"
7302:"NCAA lost its teeth in court in 1984, and no one's been in charge since"
7285:"Jerry Tarkanian and Walter Byers: Adversaries Who Left Mark on N.C.A.A."
6900:
6883:
6132:
have said they will immediately compensate their student athletes, while
5819:
5695:
5650:
5306:
4567:
4562:
4094:
4090:
4065:
1181:
1169:
1120:
1049:. In 1989, the organization moved 6 miles (9.7 km) farther south to
722:
351:
9389:"Divisional Differences and the History of Multidivision Classification"
8973:(Press release). National Collegiate Athletic Association. June 30, 2015
7068:
5235:, involving the use of player likenesses in college sports video games.
1096:. Adjacent to the headquarters is the 35,000-square-foot (3,300 m)
315:
and helps over 500,000 college student athletes who compete annually in
9910:
8199:
8087:
8070:
7961:
6659:
Most football-playing Big South and OVC members play that sport in the
6125:
5852:
5723:
5689:
5338:
5134:
4337:
1516:
1512:
1444:
648:
598:
10013:
6914:
6749:
6262:
The NCAA presents a number of different individual awards, including:
2924:
The six sports currently designated as Emerging Sports for Women are:
717:
Athletic Association filed suit against the NCAA in district court in
10252:
9143:
8510:
8102:
Paskus, Thomas (2010). NCAA Division I Academic Progress Rate, 2011.
7812:"Tijuana's CETYS University wants to be first Mexican member of NCAA"
6106:
5736:
5059:
5047:
4864:(MAC) β An umbrella organization of the following three conferences:
4143:
2954:
946:
923:
919:
10478:"Supreme Court rules in favor of athletes in NCAA compensation case"
9480:"EA Sports Didn't Need the NCAA's Logo, and Maybe It Didn't Want It"
9117:
8071:"Remarks of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, March 11, 2004, CUNY School of Law"
6917:"Who Profits From Amateurism? Rent-Sharing in Modern College Sports"
6916:
5309:
community within intercollegiate athletics and on college campuses.
4879:
Middle Atlantic Conference, sponsoring 13 sports, including football
4483:
4026:
List of NCAA schools with the most Division I national championships
8034:"Ranbaxy agrees to pay $ 500 million drug safety settlement".
7202:
6929:
6421:
6411:
Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales
6281:(not given every year); selection is based on inspirational action.
5851:
As a governing body for amateur sports the NCAA is classified as a
5793:
5709:
5281:
4813:
4048:
1484:
1456:
1448:
1175:
1085:
895:
876:
that the NCAA's complete control of television rights violated the
756:
718:
9212:"NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report β’ 2021-22"
9173:"NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report β’ 2012-13"
8883:"NCAA's stricter academic rules: What does it mean for your team?"
6643:
Most football-playing ASUN and WAC members play that sport in the
5452:
Chattanooga β Moccasins to Mocs, suggestive of mockingbirds (1996)
1014:, moved the organization's headquarters from the LaSalle Hotel in
495:
said that Byers was "secretive, despotic, stubborn and ruthless,"
10750:"The Age of Innocence: The First 25 Years of the NCAA, 1906β1931"
9851:"Whither object orientation? What is object orientation, anyway?"
9332:"DI Council approves changes to notification-of-transfer windows"
7862:"NCAA member schools vote to ratify new streamlined constitution"
6291:
who have demonstrated one or more of the ideals of sportsmanship.
6172:(Auburn quarterback), Antwan Owen (Jackson State defensive end),
5663:
5097:
4120:
4036:
Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women championships
1015:
797:
777:
460:
Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS)
324:
312:
10061:
9587:
9585:
9228:
List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships
9018:"2021β22 NCAA Sports Sponsorship and Participation Rates Report"
8719:"NCAA Eligibility Center COVID-19 Updates | Initial Eligibility"
8615:. Associated Press. January 13, 1978. p. 5C. Archived from
7758:"Canadian school's admittance to NCAA may change rules up north"
5182:
TNT Sports: NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament with CBS
4022:
List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships
1403:
As of the 2017β18 school year, a high school student may sign a
840:
In the late-1940s, there were only two colleges in the country,
516:
10065:
INFORM: International News on Fats, Oils, and Related Materials
6169:
6168:(Miami (FL) quarterback), Justyn Ross (Clemson wide receiver),
6102:
5705:
5428:
UMass β Redmen and Redwomen to Minutemen and Minutewomen (1972)
5425:
Stanford β Indians to Cardinals (1972); became Cardinal in 1981
5146:
4514:(CCHA) β revived in 2021; previously operated from 1971 to 2013
4235:
FCS conferences in football are denoted with two asterisks (**)
4061:
1524:
789:
785:
383:
304:
9968:
Denham, Bryan E. (2017), "The NCAA Basketball Championships",
7175:
6298:, the highest honor that the NCAA can confer on an individual.
4238:
Conferences that do not sponsor football or basketball are in
4107:
College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS
4056:
10547:"NCAA clears way for athlete compensation as state laws loom"
10274:
Eichelberger, Curtis; Condon, Christopher (August 27, 2013).
9582:
8192:
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
8104:
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
7954:
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
6143:
On June 21, 2021, the U.S. Supreme Court held unanimously in
5806:
5753:
5637:
5313:
national governing body, international federation policy, or
10895:
10858:
8971:"NCAA's newest championship will be called beach volleyball"
8561:"NCAA Announces Governor Charlie Baker to be Next President"
5566:
individuals from being hired for the duration of the order.
5337:, criticised NCAA policy; writing about transgender swimmer
4232:
FBS conferences in football are denoted with an asterisk (*)
1037:
In 1964, the NCAA moved three blocks away to offices in the
63:
10674:β awarded from 1993 to 2001 β were absorbed in 2002 by the
9232:
8220:"N.L.R.B. Rejects Northwestern Football Players' Union Bid"
7914:
Play-by-play: radio, television, and big-time college sport
6064:
5671:
5531:'s (SMU) football team had its 1987 season canceled due to
5301:
5142:
5041:
4460:
1476:
744:
11979:
10319:
Sports Illustrated: NCAA Reports $ 1.1 Billion in Revenues
9302:
8506:"NCAA president Myles Brand dies after battle with cancer"
7732:"NCAA welcomes Simon Fraser, first Canadian member school"
6377:(NWAC) β two-year colleges in Washington, Oregon and Idaho
6342:
1018:(where its offices were shared by the headquarters of the
10600:"The Most Fascinating NIL Deals in College Sports So Far"
10276:"NCAA's Investments Hit $ 527 Million as Gains Reach 11%"
8161:
Porter, Leonard Keith, (Born 17 March 1952), Chairman, e
7977:
Political philosophy : what it is and why it matters
6882:
Sanderson, Allen R.; Siegfried, John J. (February 2015).
6731:
Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States
5868:
conferences and nearly half a million student-athletes."
5569:
One of the most famous scandals in NCAA history involved
5078:
5028:
4570:(also HEA, from its full name of Hockey East Association)
4196:
for most sports, but its ice hockey team competes in the
4168:
List of college athletic conferences in the United States
1549:; this is not an official NCAA championship (see below).
1333:
1318:
1131:
The NCAA had no full-time administrator until 1951, when
740:
9698:"NCAA Adopts Sudden New Policy For Transgender Athletes"
7235:
Ford Library Museum, November 1, 1972, Philadelphia, PA.
7203:
Bennett H. Beach and John L. Powers (January 17, 1970).
6188:(Oklahoma quarterback), Lexi Sun (Nebraska volleyball),
6156:
The NCAA announced on July 1, 2021, that as a result of
1366:
Division II title. No sport currently uses this format.
811:
A men's soccer match between Canada's only NCAA school,
192:
185:
10816:
9963:
9961:
9724:"NCAA Facilitator Resigns in Protest Over Trans Policy"
9274:"Bylaw 20.02.6: Football Bowl Subdivision Conference".
9111:"Title IX and Its Effect on Men's Collegiate Athletics"
9072:
9070:
9068:
5832:
4969:
Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
4870:, sponsoring competition in 14 sports, but not football
2236:
In addition to the sports above, the NCAA sanctioned a
983:
so that he could obtain his degree from the university.
804:
expressed significant interest in joining at the time.
338:. In August 1973, the current three-division system of
7176:"The Sinful Seven: Sci-fi Western Legends of the NCAA"
7118:"Harvard and Yale crews celebrate the 150th Boat Race"
6440:
National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)
5273:
While no concrete criteria are given as to a state of
4172:
The NCAA is divided into three levels of conferences,
873:
NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma
732:
NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma
32:
National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)
10499:
de Vogue, Ariane; Duster, Chandelis (June 21, 2021).
8305:"Growth of NCAA Apparent; But Optimism Still Abounds"
8190:"New York Times New York City Poll, September 2003".
5390:
5185:
NBC and Golf Channel: golf (Division I, both genders)
4876:, sponsoring competition in the same set of 14 sports
4491:
1347:
from 1978 to 1984 and again from 1993 to 1999. As of
473:
The NCAA engaged in a bitter power struggle with the
12192:
College sports governing bodies in the United States
11897:
List of college athletics championship game outcomes
9958:
9065:
8993:"National Collegiate Men's Gymnastics Championships"
7680:
6746:"Simon Fraser University approved to join NCAA D II"
6490:
6334:, honoring the top male and female scholar-athletes.
4040:
List of college athletics championship game outcomes
10248:"NCAA has net assets of $ 627 million, say records"
8392:"NCAA headquarters in Indianapolis to open July 26"
7729:
7647:
7645:
6393:
Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women
6328:, honoring ten outstanding senior student-athletes.
5243:
608:
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching
534:
Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women
10757:Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology
10273:
10168:"NCAA Corporate Champions and Partners | NCAA.com"
8360:
8358:
8356:
7928:"State Compensation Ins. Fund v. Industrial Com'n"
7651:
7363:
6946:
6881:
6829:"NCAA records nearly $ 1.3B in revenue for '22-23"
6444:University Athletic Association of the Philippines
6146:National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston
6088:National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston
4850:Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference
4552:(AHA) β formed in 2024 by the merger of the men's
856:defied the monopoly and renewed its contract with
10216:"Court Strikes Down Payments to College Athletes"
10142:"Auburn records reveal details of Newton scandal"
9592:Wenner, Lawrence A.; Billings, Andrew C. (2017).
8751:
7361:
6369:California Community College Athletic Association
6357:National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics
6082:House v. National Collegiate Athletic Association
5399:
5133:The NCAA has current media rights contracts with
4903:New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference
4664:Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association
1311:
1072:complex and would locate the visitors' center in
945:In March 2014, four players filed a class action
901:National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Smith
762:National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Smith
735:. (If the television contracts the NCAA had with
12173:
10770:"Student Athlete Welfare in a Restructured NCAA"
10664:Best Female College Basketball Player ESPY Award
10635:"NCAA, Power 5 agree to let schools pay players"
10594:
10592:
10471:
10469:
10214:Tracy, Marc; Strauss, Ben (September 30, 2015).
7676:
7674:
7642:
7038:
6807:"NCAA Group Opens Talks On Money Aid To Players"
6480:FΓ©dΓ©ration Internationale du Sport Universitaire
6075:
5891:$ 210.8M Sport Sponsorship and Scholarship Funds
4981:State University of New York Athletic Conference
4467:Coastal Athletic Association Football Conference
10790:"Sounding the Death Knell for In Loco Parentis"
10108:
10088:
10086:
8353:
8279:"High court rules against NCAA on compensation"
7115:
7091:"High court rules against NCAA on compensation"
6540:List of college athletic programs by U.S. state
6469:
6381:National Christian College Athletic Association
5903:$ 160.5M Division I Basketball Performance Fund
4784:City University of New York Athletic Conference
4628:Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
1115:The NCAA runs the officiating software company
43:National Christian College Athletic Association
12197:Non-profit organizations based in Indianapolis
10668:Best Male College Basketball Player ESPY Award
10498:
10026:
9591:
9472:
9141:
8742:2009β2010 Guide for the College-Bound Athletes
8687:The Student Athlete's Guide to College Success
8655:
8653:
8651:
8432:. NCAA.org. September 25, 2008. Archived from
7233:"Remarks of AAU President John B. Kelly, Jr.,"
5540:'s men's soccer team in 2003 and Division III
5098:Division III men's volleyball-only conferences
4148:College Football Playoff National Championship
1420:; the new requirement, which are based on an "
11965:
10844:
10589:
10466:
9641:
9639:
9637:
9635:
8876:
8874:
8795:"Bylaw 13.9.1 Letter-of-intent Prohibition".
8171:. Oxford University Press. December 1, 2007.
7686:"NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSN. v. SMITH"
7671:
6639:
6637:
6387:United States Collegiate Athletic Association
5473:Arkansas State β Indians to Red Wolves (2008)
5470:LouisianaβMonroe β Indians to Warhawks (2006)
5268:
5016:Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
4987:St. Louis Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
4897:New England Small College Athletic Conference
4891:Minnesota Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
4856:Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association
260:
10629:
10627:
10625:
10623:
10621:
10213:
10083:
9927:
9925:
8581:
7979:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
6992:
6655:
6653:
6363:National Junior College Athletic Association
5449:Marquette β Warriors to Golden Eagles (1994)
5443:St. John's (NY) β Redmen to Red Storm (1994)
5408:
4796:College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin
4718:Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference
4604:Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association
4100:
2909:
1428:calendar year, they would lose eligibility.
1380:The NCAA requires all of its athletes to be
406:
10658:
10656:
9828:Are Student-Athletes in the NCAA Exploited?
9648:Are Student-Athletes in the NCAA Exploited?
8648:
7888:Mason, John H., (13 June 1875β15 June 1951)
7786:
7755:
7362:Grundy, Pamela; Shackelford, Susan (2005).
7244:
6049:$ 39.7M General and Administrative Expenses
5252:
5170:NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament
4498:List of NCAA Division I ice hockey programs
2965:
141:United States and one institution in Canada
11972:
11958:
10851:
10837:
10821:
10194:"Not For Profit Definition | Investopedia"
9632:
9624:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
8871:
8857:"Football recruiting now a 24/7/365 event"
8829:
8683:
8473:
8471:
8469:
8417:"NCAA Elects Mark Emmert as New President"
8310:. NCAA News. June 15, 1973. Archived from
7952:CBS News/New York Times Polls, 1977-1978.
7317:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7146:
7144:
7142:
7140:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6634:
6476:International University Sports Federation
5440:St. Bonaventure - Brown Indians to Bonnies
5437:Eastern Michigan β Hurons to Eagles (1991)
5372:Public Facilities Privacy and Security Act
5361:The NCAA expressed concern over Indiana's
5321:and former NCAA LGBTQ OneTeam facilitator
4592:California Collegiate Athletic Association
4214:List of NCAA Division I athletic directors
1076:. However Kansas City's main sports venue
267:
253:
71:
10618:
10387:
9922:
9909:
9876:
9866:
9825:
9655:
9645:
9540:
9420:. NCAA. August 1, 2021. pp. 221β25.
8745:
8480:"The N.C.A.A. Selects Brand As Its Chief"
8143:
8086:
7198:
7196:
6928:
6899:
6813:. August 20, 1956. p. 7 – via
6748:. Tsn.ca. October 7, 2009. Archived from
6650:
6451:British Universities & Colleges Sport
6371:(CCCAA) β two-year colleges in California
4200:and its football team is an independent.
1126:
870:In 1984, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in
27:American collegiate athletic organization
12202:Sports organizations established in 1906
12187:1906 establishments in the United States
12182:National Collegiate Athletic Association
10861:National Collegiate Athletic Association
10672:Best College Football Player ESPY Awards
10653:
10343:
10328:
10326:
10300:
10298:
10296:
9931:
9894:"Indiana's Flawed Religious Freedom Law"
9556:Busch, Elizabeth Kaufer (May 20, 2018).
9507:"NCAA Will Not Renew WA Sports Contract"
9504:
9239:"Bylaw 20.02.5: Multisport Conference".
8684:Hart, Algerian; Brooks, F. Erik (2016).
8588:NCAA.org β The Official Site of the NCAA
8584:"NCAA names first chief medical officer"
8563:(Press release). NCAA. December 15, 2022
8477:
8129:
8127:
8125:
8123:
8121:
8069:Ginsburg, Ruth Bader (October 1, 2004).
8068:
7787:Stark-Mason, Rachel (January 20, 2018).
7429:
7427:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7409:
7407:
6781:National Collegiate Athletic Association
6771:
6769:
6767:
6515:College club sports in the United States
6426:Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association
5952:$ 50.3M Division I Equal Conference Fund
5455:Miami (OH) β Redskins to RedHawks (1997)
5042:Division III ice hockey-only conferences
4927:Northern Athletics Collegiate Conference
4826:Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference
4754:Allegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference
4482:
4461:Division I FCS football-only conferences
4055:
4047:
1438:
1194:
806:
539:
515:
281:National Collegiate Athletic Association
10721:. NCAA official website. Archived from
10695:. NCAA official website. Archived from
10358:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195387773.001.0001
10350:The Oxford Handbook of Sports Economics
9999:
9090:from the original on September 30, 2017
8503:
8466:
8217:
7841:(Press release). NCAA. January 20, 2022
7839:"NCAA members approve new constitution"
7405:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7387:
7263:
7137:
6695:
6556:
6350:
6343:Other collegiate athletic organizations
6037:$ 74.3M Other Association-Wide Expenses
5875:
5461:Colgate β Red Raiders to Raiders (2001)
5458:Seattle β Chieftains to Redhawks (2000)
5431:Dartmouth β Indians to Big Green (1974)
4975:Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference
4682:Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference
4586:teams for sports sponsorship purposes.
4142:that compete in Division I FBS and six
909:White et al. v. NCAA, No. CV 06-999-RGK
435:Rowing Association of American Colleges
319:. The organization is headquartered in
14:
12174:
11981:College athletics in the United States
11892:College athletics in the United States
10787:
10777:Virginia Journal of Sports and the Law
10767:
10747:
10676:Best Female College Athlete ESPY Award
10521:
10314:
10312:
10242:
10240:
10238:
10029:Native American and Indigenous Studies
9967:
9774:
9530:
9369:from the original on February 25, 2018
9334:(Press release). NCAA. October 4, 2023
8582:Christianson, Erik (October 8, 2012).
8101:
7974:
7859:
7809:
7491:
7487:
7485:
7483:
7320:"NCAA World Evolving But Toward What?"
7282:
7193:
6884:"The Case for Paying College Athletes"
6510:College athletics in the United States
6409:and other school affiliations such as
6399:
6237:Best Female College Athlete ESPY Award
5508:List of NCAA institutions on probation
5238:
5079:Division III lacrosse-only conferences
5066:Northern Collegiate Hockey Association
5035:Eastern Collegiate Football Conference
5029:Division III football-only conferences
4700:Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference
4598:Central Atlantic Collegiate Conference
4487:Map of the FCS football programs, 2024
4138:β a consortium of the conferences and
1418:Division I men's basketball tournament
1225:List of NCAA Division III institutions
834:
372:Division I men's basketball tournament
11953:
10832:
10680:Best Male College Athlete ESPY Awards
10544:
10475:
10424:
10323:
10293:
10118:(Press release). NCAA. Archived from
9918:from the original on August 25, 2023.
9555:
9424:from the original on November 1, 2020
9414:"Bylaw 20.11.3: Sports Sponsorship".
9290:from the original on October 31, 2020
9255:from the original on October 31, 2020
8880:
8504:Wieberg, Steve (September 16, 2009).
8455:NCAA invests in officiating companies
8394:. NCAA. July 15, 1999. Archived from
8251:
8213:
8211:
8209:
8133:
8118:
7730:O'Toole, Thomas (September 1, 2009).
7570:
7276:
7215:
7034:
7032:
6988:
6986:
6942:
6940:
6764:
6530:Higher education in the United States
6463:Nigerian University Games Association
5464:Quinnipiac β Braves to Bobcats (2002)
5377:
4537:Western Collegiate Hockey Association
4518:National Collegiate Hockey Conference
4512:Central Collegiate Hockey Association
4320:Coastal Collegiate Sports Association
4044:Intercollegiate sports team champions
1369:
1221:List of NCAA Division II institutions
11932:
10436:National College Players Association
10191:
10148:. Associated Press. November 4, 2011
9891:
9797:
9353:"Bylaw 20.10.3 Sports Sponsorship".
8673:from the original on March 20, 2014.
8601:
8138:(MS thesis). Iowa State University.
7900:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u240448
7810:Dibble, Sandra (February 19, 2020).
7384:
7264:Lipsyte, Robert (January 24, 1970).
6921:National Bureau of Economic Research
6852:
6850:
6801:
6799:
6797:
6607:
6550:NCAA Native American mascot decision
6241:Best Male College Athlete ESPY Award
6226:
5862:
5110:Midwest Collegiate Volleyball League
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2251:
1266:University Division (Major Colleges)
1217:List of NCAA Division I institutions
622:Special Committee on Cost Reductions
520:The NCAA logo used from 1971 to 1979
10309:
10235:
10207:
9932:Kerrigan, Heather (July 15, 2016).
9849:Fil, Walter G. (December 1, 1999).
9848:
9248:. August 7, 2020. pp. 394β95.
8811:from the original on April 18, 2019
7480:
6013:$ 9.5M Division I Conference Grants
5989:$ 39.6M Membership Support Services
5501:
5353:This resource uses guides from the
5091:Midwest Women's Lacrosse Conference
5072:United Collegiate Hockey Conference
4820:Great Northeast Athletic Conference
4646:Great Northwest Athletic Conference
4531:New England Women's Hockey Alliance
4473:Missouri Valley Football Conference
2550:
1233:and smaller programs making up the
1210:
1056:The NCAA was dissatisfied with its
729:, but lost in 1984 in a 7β2 ruling
413:List of charter members of the NCAA
24:
10741:
10522:Hurley, Lawrence (June 21, 2021).
9936:. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications.
9505:Goldfarb, Andrew (July 17, 2013).
9395:from the original on July 14, 2015
8478:Lapointe, Joe (October 11, 2002).
8206:
8177:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.59364
8007:
7247:"19TH HOLE: THE READERS TAKE OVER"
7157:NCAA History between 1910 and 1980
7053:10.1002/j.2325-8012.2009.tb00928.x
7029:
6983:
6937:
6661:Big SouthβOVC Football Association
5416:Native American mascot controversy
5391:Student-athletes with disabilities
4802:Collegiate Conference of the South
4790:Coast to Coast Athletic Conference
4706:Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference
4492:Division I hockey-only conferences
4369:Mountain Pacific Sports Federation
4344:Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference
439:Intercollegiate Rowing Association
388:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
12213:
10808:
10390:Review of Industrial Organization
9892:Katz, Robert (October 27, 2015).
9535:(Thesis). Iowa State University.
9444:"NCAA TELEVISION RIGHTS OVERVIEW"
9310:"Who We Are: Our Three Divisions"
7573:"NCAA Approves Testing for Drugs"
7492:MOFFIT, DAVID (January 7, 1987).
7283:Nocera, Joe (December 25, 2015).
6949:Review of Industrial Organization
6847:
6794:
5965:$ 46.7M Academic Enhancement Fund
5363:Religious Freedom Restoration Act
5358:legal resources and court cases.
5116:New England Collegiate Conference
5104:Continental Volleyball Conference
5004:Upper Midwest Athletic Conference
4640:Great Midwest Athletic Conference
3397:
2885:
2256:
1062:Kansas City International Airport
368:Football Championship Subdivision
295:among about 1,100 schools in the
11931:
11920:
11919:
10894:
10711:
10685:
10564:
10545:Dixon, Schuyler (July 1, 2021).
10538:
10515:
10492:
10454:
10442:
10381:
10337:
10333:NCAA tops $ 1 billion in revenue
10267:
10185:
10160:
10134:
10055:
10020:
9993:
9885:
9842:
9819:
9798:Lohn, John (December 19, 2021).
9791:
9768:
9742:
9716:
9690:
9664:
9549:
9524:
9498:
9436:
9407:
9381:
9346:
9324:
9267:
9221:
9108:
8830:Rittenberg, Adam (May 8, 2017).
8798:2018β19 NCAA Division III Manual
8754:Journal of Learning Disabilities
8372:. Allbusiness.com. March 1, 1997
8218:Strauss, Ben (August 17, 2015).
8008:Li, David K. (August 26, 2023).
7860:Murphy, Dan (January 20, 2022).
7571:Asher, Mark (January 14, 1986).
7433:
7116:Michael Whitmer (June 6, 2015).
6888:Journal of Economic Perspectives
6675:
6666:
6493:
5940:$ 71.8M Student-Athlete Services
5916:$ 96.7M Division I Championships
5434:Siena β Indians to Saints (1988)
5244:Inclusion and Diversity Campaign
4945:Old Dominion Athletic Conference
4424:Southwestern Athletic Conference
4015:
489:described Byers as "power-mad,"
392:in violation of US antitrust law
236:
226:
216:
62:
9972:, Routledge, pp. 232β246,
9826:Churchill, Kevin T. D. (2015).
9650:(Thesis). Carleton University.
9356:2017β18 NCAA Division II Manual
9283:. August 7, 2020. p. 395.
9135:
9102:
9035:
9010:
8985:
8963:
8941:
8905:
8849:
8823:
8788:
8736:
8711:
8677:
8623:
8575:
8553:
8530:
8497:
8448:
8422:
8410:
8384:
8329:
8297:
8271:
8245:
8183:
8152:
8095:
8062:
8027:
8001:
7968:
7945:
7920:
7906:
7879:
7853:
7831:
7803:
7780:
7749:
7723:
7707:
7616:
7590:
7564:
7538:
7512:
7454:
7355:
7330:
7311:
7294:
7257:
7238:
7226:
7168:
7109:
7083:
6908:
6625:
6616:
6597:
6587:
6253:List of college baseball awards
6001:$ 28.2M Division III Allocation
5928:$ 82.2M Student Assistance Fund
5315:International Olympic Committee
4998:University Athletic Association
4951:Presidents' Athletic Conference
4921:North Coast Athletic Conference
4736:
4356:Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference
2976:
1001:
975:argued De La Haye violated the
10305:NCAA: Where does the money go?
10041:10.5749/natiindistudj.3.2.0001
9453:. May 10, 2022. Archived from
9417:2021β22 NCAA Division I Manual
9277:2020β21 NCAA Division I Manual
9242:2020β21 NCAA Division I Manual
8881:Elkin, Ali (August 17, 2011).
7756:Lemire, Joe (August 5, 2009).
7245:S. I. Staff (April 20, 1970).
6875:
6821:
6738:
6577:
6568:
6535:Homosexuality in modern sports
5977:$ 42.3M Division II Allocation
5557:" (not to be confused with an
5446:Syracuse - Orangemen to Orange
5400:International student athletes
5284:, when amended in 1972 to the
5022:NCAA Division III Independents
4909:New Jersey Athletic Conference
4574:
4157:
2916:NCAA Emerging Sports for Women
1148:1981β1983 (Executive Director)
1142:1951β1988 (Executive Director)
511:
13:
1:
10476:Nylen, Leah (June 21, 2021).
9672:"Transgender Policy Approved"
8252:Morey, Alex (July 13, 2018).
7318:Brian Goff (April 26, 2020).
6688:
6457:Varsity Sports (South Africa)
6375:Northwest Athletic Conference
6192:(UConn basketball) and twins
6176:(Florida State quarterback),
6076:Player compensation proposals
5529:Southern Methodist University
5010:USA South Athletic Conference
4963:Southern Athletic Association
4766:American Southwest Conference
4730:NCAA Division II Independents
4634:Great Lakes Valley Conference
4203:
4127:, were said to have won the "
3409:Number of Schools Sponsoring
3184:Number of Schools Sponsoring
2992:Number of Schools Sponsoring
1299:Division I-AA (football only)
1029:The Fairfax was a block from
1022:) to the Fairfax Building in
997:rules during the past decade.
817:Northwest Nazarene University
750:
556:American Council on Education
547:Southern Methodist University
10788:Carter, W. Burlette (2002).
10768:Carter, W. Burlette (2000).
10748:Carter, W. Burlette (2006).
9970:Sport, Media and Mega-Events
9594:Sport, media and mega-events
6545:List of U.S. college mascots
6470:International governing body
6302:NCAA Woman of the Year Award
5227:Collegiate Licensing Company
5122:United Volleyball Conference
4454:NCAA Division I Independents
4313:Coastal Athletic Association
4250:American Athletic Conference
4134:From 2014 through 2023, the
4064:, rings, and watches won by
2951:(in Divisions I and II only)
2940:(in Divisions I and II only)
1334:"National Collegiate" sports
1296:Division I-A (football only)
1103:
7:
12146:FISU World University Games
10875:
10077:10.21748/inform.07.2015.472
9043:"Emerging Sports for Women"
8542:September 29, 2009, at the
7817:The San Diego Union-Tribune
7690:Legal Information Institute
7652:U.S. Supreme Court (1984).
7520:"Graduation Rates Timeline"
6486:
6415:Combined Associated Schools
6140:have not set anything yet.
6025:$ 3.3M Educational Programs
5846:
5576:
5085:Midwest Lacrosse Conference
4862:Middle Atlantic Conferences
4554:Atlantic Hockey Association
4448:Western Athletic Conference
4072:
4060:NCAA national championship
2127:Track & field (outdoor)
727:United States Supreme Court
10:
12218:
11738:National Collegiate sports
9934:Historic Documents of 2015
8766:10.1177/002221949703000602
8631:"Division I Championships"
8613:St. Petersburg Independent
7624:"The More Things Change β¦"
7498:United Press International
7162:December 12, 2013, at the
6645:United Athletic Conference
6230:
6180:(Louisville quarterback),
6085:
6079:
5505:
5328:Previously, the NCAA used
5269:Gender equity and Title IX
5194:Men's College World Series
5074:(UCHC) β men's and women's
5068:(NCHA) β men's and women's
4760:American Rivers Conference
4740:
4578:
4495:
4362:Missouri Valley Conference
4207:
4161:
4104:
4029:
4019:
3769:Women's individual sports
2913:
2824:Track and Field (Outdoor)
2488:Track and Field (Outdoor)
2092:Track & field (indoor)
1373:
1214:
850:University of Pennsylvania
707:televised college football
676:women's athletic director
410:
401:
77:NCAA's national office in
40:
29:
12138:
12053:
11994:
11987:
11905:
11884:
11733:
11473:
11198:
10903:
10892:
10868:
10719:"NCAA Honors Celebration"
10402:10.1007/s11151-017-9603-y
9855:ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad
9646:Churchill, Kevin (2015).
9531:Sanger, Kevin L. (1995).
8707:– via Google Books.
8370:Indiana Business Magazine
8159:"Porter, Leonard Keith".
8134:Swaim, Norman M. (1983).
8048:10.1007/s40278-013-3239-y
7041:Southern Economic Journal
6961:10.1007/s11151-017-9590-z
6314:Silver Anniversary Awards
6273:NCAA Gerald R. Ford Award
6124:On May 6, 2021, Governor
5409:College team name changes
5355:Women's Sports Foundation
4915:North Atlantic Conference
4808:Conference of New England
4724:Sunshine State Conference
4712:South Atlantic Conference
4622:Great American Conference
4267:Atlantic Coast Conference
4194:Atlantic Coast Conference
4192:primarily belongs to the
4101:Football Bowl Subdivision
3776:
3191:
2910:Emerging sports for women
2810:Track and Field (Indoor)
2557:
2474:Track and Field (Indoor)
2263:
2200:
2192:
2185:
2146:
1937:
1929:
1896:
1888:
1841:
1703:
1695:
1653:
1412:(replaced in 2014 by the
1287:
1284:
1281:
1268:
1265:
1257:
1249:
792:to apply for membership;
407:Formation and early years
364:Football Bowl Subdivision
177:
167:
155:
145:
135:
124:
116:
93:
85:
70:
61:
10930:Never sponsored football
9978:10.4324/9781315680521-16
9023:. NCAA. October 27, 2022
8859:. ESPN. October 22, 2010
8804:. NCAA. pp. 80β81.
8661:"NCAA Champions Summary"
8609:"Big schools win battle"
8145:10.31274/rtd-180813-7435
7440:repository.law.miami.edu
7007:10.1177/0003603X16688836
6923:. Working Paper Series.
6712:"About the NCAA History"
6561:
6332:Walter Byers Scholarship
6296:Theodore Roosevelt Award
6285:NCAA Sportsmanship Award
6138:Georgia State University
5655:Banking and credit cards
5533:massive rules violations
5295:
5253:NCAA Inclusion Statement
5128:
4939:Ohio Athletic Conference
4772:Atlantic East Conference
4670:Mountain East Conference
4376:Mountain West Conference
4164:List of NCAA conferences
4136:College Football Playoff
4111:College Football Playoff
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3773:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3188:
3182:Men's individual sports:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2966:Sports added and dropped
2566:
2563:
2560:
2272:
2269:
2266:
1547:College Football Playoff
1414:College Football Playoff
1410:Bowl Championship Series
1345:Division II championship
1199:In 2013, the NCAA hired
687:Arizona State University
307:. It also organizes the
41:Not to be confused with
11913:have been discontinued)
9830:. Carleton University.
9657:10.22215/etd/2015-10959
9542:10.31274/rtd-180814-233
8690:. ABC-CLIO. p. 2.
7975:Beiner, Ronald (1953).
7546:"Division III Timeline"
7342:Encyclopædia Britannica
6184:(Indiana quarterback),
5629:Non-alcoholic beverages
5546:Jerry Sandusky Incident
5168:CBS: Men's basketball (
4688:Pacific West Conference
4676:Northeast-10 Conference
4550:Atlantic Hockey America
4478:Pioneer Football League
4406:Southeastern Conference
4350:Mid-American Conference
4273:Atlantic Sun Conference
4256:America East Conference
3657:Acrobatics and tumbling
2902:Coed Championship sport
1860:1974β79; 1980β81; 1993β
1043:Shawnee Mission Parkway
813:Simon Fraser University
774:Simon Fraser University
99:; 118 years ago
9785:10.1037/e595762007-009
9049:. NCAA. Archived from
8349:on September 16, 2014.
8165:Management, since 2014
8042:(1): 4. May 25, 2013.
7205:"Soaking up the Press"
6995:The Antitrust Bulletin
6714:. NCAA. Archived from
6320:The Flying Wedge Award
6279:NCAA Inspiration Award
6121:academic year begins.
5772:Hotels and hospitality
4993:United East Conference
4844:Little East Conference
4558:College Hockey America
4488:
4388:Ohio Valley Conference
4261:Atlantic 10 Conference
4069:
4053:
3869:Swimming & diving
3284:Swimming & diving
1422:Academic Progress Rate
1376:Amateurism in the NCAA
1127:Presidents of the NCAA
1098:NCAA Hall of Champions
1090:White River State Park
1058:Johnson County, Kansas
882:Clayton Antitrust Acts
820:
711:University of Oklahoma
659:University of Michigan
634:University of Nebraska
603:University of Maryland
560:Presidents' Commission
521:
475:Amateur Athletic Union
466:championship in 1939.
289:nonprofit organization
34:. For other uses, see
10925:Non-football programs
10192:root (May 28, 2010).
10094:"Infractions Process"
9868:10.1145/351301.351302
9566:10.4324/9781315689760
9185:on September 4, 2015.
8889:. CNN. Archived from
8518:on September 22, 2009
8460:June 5, 2009, at the
8317:on September 16, 2014
8112:10.3886/icpsr26801.v2
7684:(February 23, 1999).
7442:. University of Miami
7308:, September 23, 2011.
6130:University of Georgia
6068:additional programs.
5837:Consumer electronics
5347:Champions of Respect,
5286:1964 Civil Rights Act
5093:(MWLC) β women's only
4778:Centennial Conference
4694:Peach Belt Conference
4652:Gulf South Conference
4616:East Coast Conference
4486:
4442:West Coast Conference
4129:national championship
4059:
4051:
4020:Further information:
2022:Swimming & Diving
1531:(coeducational), and
1511:(women), volleyball,
1439:NCAA sponsored sports
1215:Further information:
1205:chief medical officer
1195:Chief medical officer
1094:Indianapolis, Indiana
1051:Overland Park, Kansas
1008:Kansas City, Missouri
907:In 2007, the case of
810:
715:University of Georgia
663:Major League Baseball
572:University of Florida
540:Presidents Commission
519:
506:Kansas City, Missouri
411:Further information:
47:NCCA (disambiguation)
36:NCAA (disambiguation)
11645:Swimming and diving
11390:Swimming and diving
11115:Swimming and diving
10699:on November 26, 2010
10346:"To Be or Not to Be"
10122:on December 25, 2008
9678:. September 13, 2011
9123:on November 16, 2009
8929:on November 12, 2020
8550:, September 22, 2009
7682:Ginsburg, Ruth Bader
7366:Shattering the Glass
6901:10.1257/jep.29.1.115
6557:Notes and references
6351:In the United States
6326:Today's Top 10 Award
6233:Academic All-America
6092:Fair Pay to Play Act
5876:Expenses by category
5872:unspecified amount.
5728:Fast-food restaurant
4933:Northwest Conference
4658:Lone Star Conference
4610:Conference Carolinas
4418:Southland Conference
4382:Northeast Conference
4296:Big South Conference
4085:As of May 30, 2022,
4032:NACDA Directors' Cup
3407:Women's Team Sports:
2782:Swimming and Diving
2446:Swimming and Diving
1031:Municipal Auditorium
1024:Downtown Kansas City
425:universities met in
57:Athletic Association
10725:on November 8, 2011
8887:This Just In (blog)
7577:The Washington Post
7306:The Washington Post
7209:The Harvard Crimson
6400:Foreign equivalents
6267:NCAA Award of Valor
6209:Ga'Quincy McKinstry
5559:order to show cause
5239:Office of Inclusion
5199:From 1998 to 2013,
5062:β men's and women's
5050:β men's and women's
4832:Landmark Conference
4436:Sun Belt Conference
4412:Southern Conference
4308:Big West Conference
4285:Big East Conference
4140:independent schools
4123:of writers and the
4095:Southern California
3770:
3410:
3185:
2993:
2238:boxing championship
2157:Volleyball (indoor)
1557:
1356:University Division
1231:University Division
1178:2009β2010 (interim)
835:Notable court cases
695:Dave Richard Palmer
693:Lieutenant General
674:University of Texas
498:The Washington Post
455:New York University
394:. The NCAA settled
332:University Division
151:About 1,100 schools
97:March 31, 1906
58:
55:National Collegiate
18:National Collegiate
11909:(events listed in
11736:Single-division or
10920:Athletic directors
10797:Indiana Law Review
10221:The New York Times
9911:10.18060/4806.0060
9898:Indiana Law Review
9777:APA PsycNet Direct
9756:. January 24, 2022
9754:Sports Illustrated
9730:. January 24, 2022
9704:. January 20, 2022
9152:Sports Illustrated
8723:www.ncsasports.org
8484:The New York Times
8224:The New York Times
8200:10.3886/icpsr03919
8088:10.31641/clr070202
7962:10.3886/icpsr07818
7886:"Mason, John H.".
7768:on October 5, 2011
7762:Sports Illustrated
7694:Cornell Law School
7598:"Timeline - 1990s"
7434:Rose, Laurence M.
7288:The New York Times
7270:The New York Times
7251:Sports Illustrated
6862:www.igmchicago.org
6835:. February 2, 2024
6520:College recruiting
6407:UniSport Australia
6249:Honda Sports Award
6245:Senior CLASS Award
5785:Financial services
5616:Telecommunications
5603:Bar and restaurant
5599:Buffalo Wild Wings
5555:show-cause penalty
5378:Race and ethnicity
5217:NCAA March Madness
5139:CBS Sports Network
5087:(MLC) β men's only
4957:Skyline Conference
4885:Midwest Conference
4489:
4304:(Big Ten or B1G) *
4302:Big Ten Conference
4290:Big Sky Conference
4198:Big Ten Conference
4070:
4054:
3768:
3406:
3181:
2990:Men's Team Sports:
2989:
2183:Volleyball (beach)
1555:
1540:first championship
1370:Player eligibility
1084:. The 50,000-seat
1020:Big Ten Conference
821:
646:Big Ten Conference
584:Indiana University
522:
492:The New York Times
446:Theodore Roosevelt
173:Board of Governors
54:
12169:
12168:
12134:
12133:
12096:Pickleball (NCPA)
11988:Organizing bodies
11947:
11946:
11748:Beach volleyball
11740:and championships
10881:Hall of Champions
10606:. August 23, 2021
10014:10.1002/ltl.20286
9676:NCAA News Archive
9146:(June 11, 2020).
9142:Dellenger, Ross;
9053:on April 27, 2011
8998:. NCAA. p. 3
8619:on March 7, 2016.
8436:on April 13, 2014
8419:, April 29, 2010.
8398:on April 11, 2014
7377:978-1-56584-822-1
7370:. The New Press.
6718:on August 7, 2011
6525:College rivalries
6227:Individual awards
6182:Michael Penix Jr.
5863:NCAA expenditures
5844:
5843:
5542:MacMurray College
5538:Morehouse College
4743:NCAA Division III
4430:The Summit League
4394:Pac-12 Conference
4279:Big 12 Conference
4003:
4002:
3733:
3732:
3395:
3394:
3176:
3175:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2864:
2586:Beach Volleyball
2543:
2542:
2233:
2232:
1579:Division III (W)
1567:Division III (M)
1523:(coeducational),
1483:(coeducational),
1331:
1330:
1269:College Division
1082:Mississippi River
968:Donald De La Haye
928:Teddy Bridgewater
630:Martin Massengale
526:college athletics
293:student athletics
277:
276:
202:
201:
16:(Redirected from
12209:
11992:
11991:
11974:
11967:
11960:
11951:
11950:
11939:
11935:
11934:
11927:
11923:
11922:
11741:
11677:Track and field
11477:
11422:Track and field
11202:
11147:Track and field
10907:
10898:
10862:
10853:
10846:
10839:
10830:
10829:
10825:
10820:
10819:
10817:Official website
10804:
10794:
10784:
10774:
10764:
10754:
10735:
10734:
10732:
10730:
10715:
10709:
10708:
10706:
10704:
10689:
10683:
10660:
10651:
10650:
10648:
10646:
10631:
10616:
10615:
10613:
10611:
10596:
10587:
10586:
10584:
10582:
10568:
10562:
10561:
10559:
10557:
10551:Associated Press
10542:
10536:
10535:
10533:
10531:
10519:
10513:
10512:
10510:
10508:
10496:
10490:
10489:
10487:
10485:
10473:
10464:
10458:
10452:
10446:
10440:
10439:
10428:
10422:
10421:
10385:
10379:
10378:
10376:
10374:
10341:
10335:
10330:
10321:
10316:
10307:
10302:
10291:
10290:
10288:
10286:
10271:
10265:
10264:
10262:
10260:
10244:
10233:
10232:
10230:
10228:
10211:
10205:
10204:
10202:
10200:
10189:
10183:
10182:
10180:
10178:
10164:
10158:
10157:
10155:
10153:
10138:
10132:
10131:
10129:
10127:
10112:
10106:
10105:
10103:
10101:
10090:
10081:
10080:
10059:
10053:
10052:
10024:
10018:
10017:
10002:Leader to Leader
9997:
9991:
9990:
9965:
9956:
9955:
9929:
9920:
9919:
9913:
9889:
9883:
9882:
9880:
9870:
9846:
9840:
9839:
9823:
9817:
9816:
9814:
9812:
9795:
9789:
9788:
9772:
9766:
9765:
9763:
9761:
9746:
9740:
9739:
9737:
9735:
9720:
9714:
9713:
9711:
9709:
9694:
9688:
9687:
9685:
9683:
9668:
9662:
9661:
9659:
9643:
9630:
9629:
9623:
9615:
9589:
9580:
9579:
9553:
9547:
9546:
9544:
9528:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9517:
9502:
9496:
9495:
9493:
9491:
9476:
9470:
9469:
9467:
9465:
9459:
9448:
9440:
9434:
9433:
9431:
9429:
9411:
9405:
9404:
9402:
9400:
9385:
9379:
9378:
9376:
9374:
9368:
9361:
9350:
9344:
9343:
9341:
9339:
9328:
9322:
9321:
9319:
9317:
9306:
9300:
9299:
9297:
9295:
9289:
9282:
9271:
9265:
9264:
9262:
9260:
9254:
9247:
9236:
9230:
9225:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9208:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9178:. Archived from
9177:
9169:
9163:
9162:
9160:
9158:
9139:
9133:
9132:
9130:
9128:
9122:
9116:. Archived from
9115:
9106:
9100:
9099:
9097:
9095:
9089:
9082:
9074:
9063:
9062:
9060:
9058:
9039:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9028:
9022:
9014:
9008:
9007:
9005:
9003:
8997:
8989:
8983:
8982:
8980:
8978:
8967:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8956:
8945:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8928:
8922:. Archived from
8917:
8909:
8903:
8902:
8900:
8898:
8878:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8864:
8853:
8847:
8846:
8844:
8842:
8827:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8816:
8810:
8803:
8792:
8786:
8785:
8749:
8743:
8740:
8734:
8733:
8731:
8729:
8715:
8709:
8708:
8706:
8704:
8681:
8675:
8674:
8672:
8665:
8657:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8641:
8627:
8621:
8620:
8605:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8594:
8579:
8573:
8572:
8570:
8568:
8557:
8551:
8534:
8528:
8527:
8525:
8523:
8514:. Archived from
8501:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8490:
8475:
8464:
8452:
8446:
8445:
8443:
8441:
8426:
8420:
8414:
8408:
8407:
8405:
8403:
8388:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8377:
8362:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8342:. Archived from
8341:
8333:
8327:
8326:
8324:
8322:
8316:
8309:
8301:
8295:
8294:
8292:
8290:
8275:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8249:
8243:
8242:
8240:
8238:
8215:
8204:
8203:
8187:
8181:
8180:
8156:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8131:
8116:
8115:
8099:
8093:
8092:
8090:
8066:
8060:
8059:
8036:Reactions Weekly
8031:
8025:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8005:
7999:
7998:
7972:
7966:
7965:
7956:(Report). 1984.
7949:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7938:
7924:
7918:
7917:
7910:
7904:
7903:
7883:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7872:
7857:
7851:
7850:
7848:
7846:
7835:
7829:
7828:
7826:
7824:
7807:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7796:
7784:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7764:. Archived from
7753:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7742:
7727:
7721:
7711:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7700:
7678:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7664:
7649:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7620:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7609:
7594:
7588:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7568:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7557:
7542:
7536:
7535:
7533:
7531:
7516:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7505:
7489:
7478:
7477:
7475:
7473:
7458:
7452:
7451:
7449:
7447:
7431:
7382:
7381:
7369:
7359:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7334:
7328:
7327:
7324:Sports Economist
7315:
7309:
7298:
7292:
7291:
7280:
7274:
7273:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7242:
7236:
7230:
7224:
7219:
7213:
7212:
7200:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7172:
7166:
7154:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7123:The Boston Globe
7113:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7102:
7087:
7081:
7080:
7036:
7027:
7026:
6990:
6981:
6980:
6944:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6912:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6854:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6825:
6819:
6818:
6803:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6773:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6752:on July 14, 2009
6742:
6736:
6735:
6725:
6723:
6708:
6682:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6664:
6657:
6648:
6641:
6632:
6629:
6623:
6620:
6614:
6611:
6605:
6601:
6595:
6591:
6585:
6581:
6575:
6572:
6503:
6498:
6497:
6496:
6449:United Kingdom:
6289:student-athletes
6178:Malik Cunningham
5584:
5583:
5502:Rules violations
5232:O'Bannon v. NCAA
4887:(Midwest or MWC)
4868:MAC Commonwealth
4581:NCAA Division II
4556:and the women's
4252:(The American) *
3800:Track (outdoor)
3771:
3767:
3617:Beach volleyball
3411:
3405:
3215:Track (outdoor)
3186:
3180:
2994:
2988:
2903:
2900:
2555:
2554:
2551:Women's programs
2261:
2260:
2252:
1830:1978β84; 1993β99
1576:Division II (W)
1564:Division II (M)
1558:
1554:
1509:beach volleyball
1405:letter of intent
1360:College Division
1327:
1320:
1313:
1279:
1272:
1271:(Small Colleges)
1244:
1243:
1235:College Division
1211:Division history
962:In 2018, former
952:O'Bannon v. NCAA
932:Jadeveon Clowney
782:British Columbia
451:Henry MacCracken
429:in the sport of
427:a challenge race
336:College Division
269:
262:
255:
240:
230:
220:
204:
203:
195:
188:
107:
105:
100:
75:
66:
59:
53:
21:
12217:
12216:
12212:
12211:
12210:
12208:
12207:
12206:
12172:
12171:
12170:
12165:
12156:Student athlete
12130:
12049:
11983:
11978:
11948:
11943:
11937:
11925:
11916:
11901:
11880:
11739:
11737:
11735:
11729:
11475:
11469:
11200:
11194:
10905:
10899:
10890:
10864:
10860:
10857:
10815:
10814:
10811:
10792:
10772:
10752:
10744:
10742:Further reading
10739:
10738:
10728:
10726:
10717:
10716:
10712:
10702:
10700:
10691:
10690:
10686:
10661:
10654:
10644:
10642:
10633:
10632:
10619:
10609:
10607:
10598:
10597:
10590:
10580:
10578:
10570:
10569:
10565:
10555:
10553:
10543:
10539:
10529:
10527:
10520:
10516:
10506:
10504:
10497:
10493:
10483:
10481:
10474:
10467:
10459:
10455:
10447:
10443:
10438:. May 17, 2013.
10430:
10429:
10425:
10386:
10382:
10372:
10370:
10368:
10342:
10338:
10331:
10324:
10317:
10310:
10303:
10294:
10284:
10282:
10272:
10268:
10258:
10256:
10246:
10245:
10236:
10226:
10224:
10212:
10208:
10198:
10196:
10190:
10186:
10176:
10174:
10166:
10165:
10161:
10151:
10149:
10140:
10139:
10135:
10125:
10123:
10114:
10113:
10109:
10099:
10097:
10092:
10091:
10084:
10060:
10056:
10025:
10021:
9998:
9994:
9988:
9966:
9959:
9944:
9930:
9923:
9890:
9886:
9847:
9843:
9824:
9820:
9810:
9808:
9796:
9792:
9773:
9769:
9759:
9757:
9748:
9747:
9743:
9733:
9731:
9722:
9721:
9717:
9707:
9705:
9696:
9695:
9691:
9681:
9679:
9670:
9669:
9665:
9644:
9633:
9617:
9616:
9604:
9590:
9583:
9576:
9554:
9550:
9529:
9525:
9515:
9513:
9503:
9499:
9489:
9487:
9486:. July 21, 2013
9478:
9477:
9473:
9463:
9461:
9457:
9446:
9442:
9441:
9437:
9427:
9425:
9413:
9412:
9408:
9398:
9396:
9387:
9386:
9382:
9372:
9370:
9366:
9362:. p. 316.
9359:
9352:
9351:
9347:
9337:
9335:
9330:
9329:
9325:
9315:
9313:
9308:
9307:
9303:
9293:
9291:
9287:
9280:
9273:
9272:
9268:
9258:
9256:
9252:
9245:
9238:
9237:
9233:
9226:
9222:
9214:
9210:
9209:
9190:
9182:
9175:
9171:
9170:
9166:
9156:
9154:
9140:
9136:
9126:
9124:
9120:
9113:
9107:
9103:
9093:
9091:
9087:
9080:
9076:
9075:
9066:
9056:
9054:
9041:
9040:
9036:
9026:
9024:
9020:
9016:
9015:
9011:
9001:
8999:
8995:
8991:
8990:
8986:
8976:
8974:
8969:
8968:
8964:
8954:
8952:
8947:
8946:
8942:
8932:
8930:
8926:
8915:
8911:
8910:
8906:
8896:
8894:
8893:on May 13, 2012
8879:
8872:
8862:
8860:
8855:
8854:
8850:
8840:
8838:
8828:
8824:
8814:
8812:
8808:
8801:
8794:
8793:
8789:
8760:(6): 589β598 .
8750:
8746:
8741:
8737:
8727:
8725:
8717:
8716:
8712:
8702:
8700:
8698:
8682:
8678:
8670:
8663:
8659:
8658:
8649:
8639:
8637:
8629:
8628:
8624:
8607:
8606:
8602:
8592:
8590:
8580:
8576:
8566:
8564:
8559:
8558:
8554:
8544:Wayback Machine
8535:
8531:
8521:
8519:
8502:
8498:
8488:
8486:
8476:
8467:
8462:Wayback Machine
8453:
8449:
8439:
8437:
8428:
8427:
8423:
8415:
8411:
8401:
8399:
8390:
8389:
8385:
8375:
8373:
8364:
8363:
8354:
8346:
8339:
8335:
8334:
8330:
8320:
8318:
8314:
8307:
8303:
8302:
8298:
8288:
8286:
8285:. June 21, 2021
8277:
8276:
8272:
8262:
8260:
8250:
8246:
8236:
8234:
8216:
8207:
8189:
8188:
8184:
8158:
8157:
8153:
8132:
8119:
8100:
8096:
8075:CUNY Law Review
8067:
8063:
8033:
8032:
8028:
8018:
8016:
8006:
8002:
7987:
7973:
7969:
7951:
7950:
7946:
7936:
7934:
7926:
7925:
7921:
7916:. July 1, 2002.
7912:
7911:
7907:
7885:
7884:
7880:
7870:
7868:
7858:
7854:
7844:
7842:
7837:
7836:
7832:
7822:
7820:
7808:
7804:
7794:
7792:
7785:
7781:
7771:
7769:
7754:
7750:
7740:
7738:
7728:
7724:
7712:
7708:
7698:
7696:
7679:
7672:
7662:
7660:
7650:
7643:
7633:
7631:
7622:
7621:
7617:
7607:
7605:
7596:
7595:
7591:
7581:
7579:
7569:
7565:
7555:
7553:
7544:
7543:
7539:
7529:
7527:
7518:
7517:
7513:
7503:
7501:
7490:
7481:
7471:
7469:
7460:
7459:
7455:
7445:
7443:
7432:
7385:
7378:
7360:
7356:
7346:
7344:
7336:
7335:
7331:
7316:
7312:
7300:Sally Jenkins.
7299:
7295:
7281:
7277:
7262:
7258:
7243:
7239:
7231:
7227:
7220:
7216:
7201:
7194:
7184:
7182:
7174:
7173:
7169:
7164:Wayback Machine
7155:
7138:
7128:
7126:
7114:
7110:
7100:
7098:
7097:. June 21, 2021
7089:
7088:
7084:
7037:
7030:
6991:
6984:
6945:
6938:
6913:
6909:
6880:
6876:
6866:
6864:
6856:
6855:
6848:
6838:
6836:
6827:
6826:
6822:
6811:Kingsport Times
6805:
6804:
6795:
6785:
6783:
6775:
6774:
6765:
6755:
6753:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6721:
6719:
6710:
6709:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6676:
6671:
6667:
6658:
6651:
6642:
6635:
6630:
6626:
6621:
6617:
6612:
6608:
6602:
6598:
6592:
6588:
6582:
6578:
6573:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6499:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6472:
6402:
6353:
6345:
6260:
6229:
6186:Spencer Rattler
6174:McKenzie Milton
6094:
6084:
6078:
5885:The categories:
5878:
5865:
5849:
5798:Tax preparation
5794:Intuit Turbotax
5715:Car & parts
5579:
5510:
5504:
5411:
5402:
5393:
5380:
5298:
5271:
5255:
5246:
5241:
5212:NCAA Basketball
5201:Electronic Arts
5174:with TNT Sports
5131:
5100:
5081:
5044:
5031:
5026:
4745:
4739:
4734:
4583:
4577:
4500:
4494:
4463:
4458:
4216:
4210:NCAA Division I
4208:Main articles:
4206:
4170:
4160:
4113:
4105:Main articles:
4103:
4075:
4046:
4028:
4018:
3823:Track (indoor)
3408:
3400:
3238:Track (indoor)
3183:
2991:
2979:
2968:
2918:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2886:
2875:
2553:
2545:
2259:
1573:Division I (W)
1561:Division I (M)
1453:track and field
1441:
1378:
1372:
1336:
1325:
1321:(football only)
1314:(football only)
1302:Division I-AAA
1277:
1270:
1227:
1213:
1197:
1129:
1106:
1047:Mission, Kansas
1039:Midland Theatre
1004:
889:Jerry Tarkanian
837:
802:Baja California
753:
685:, president of
654:Bo Schembechler
611:Ernest L. Boyer
576:Marshall Criser
542:
514:
486:Harvard Crimson
415:
409:
404:
386:. In 2021, the
291:that regulates
273:
244:
234:
224:
198:
191:
184:
170:
158:
148:
138:
131:, Indiana, U.S.
103:
101:
98:
81:
56:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12215:
12205:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12167:
12166:
12164:
12163:
12158:
12153:
12148:
12142:
12140:
12139:Related topics
12136:
12135:
12132:
12131:
12129:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12066:Boxing (USIBA)
12063:
12057:
12055:
12051:
12050:
12048:
12047:
12042:
12037:
12032:
12027:
12022:
12017:
12012:
12004:
11998:
11996:
11989:
11985:
11984:
11977:
11976:
11969:
11962:
11954:
11945:
11944:
11942:
11941:
11929:
11915:
11914:
11906:
11903:
11902:
11900:
11899:
11894:
11888:
11886:
11885:Related topics
11882:
11881:
11879:
11878:
11877:
11876:
11871:
11863:
11862:
11861:
11853:
11852:
11851:
11839:
11838:
11837:
11829:
11828:
11827:
11819:
11818:
11817:
11812:
11804:
11803:
11802:
11792:
11791:
11790:
11780:
11779:
11778:
11766:
11765:
11764:
11756:
11755:
11754:
11745:
11743:
11731:
11730:
11728:
11727:
11726:
11725:
11715:
11714:
11713:
11708:
11700:
11699:
11698:
11688:
11675:
11674:
11673:
11668:
11658:
11657:
11656:
11651:
11643:
11642:
11641:
11631:
11630:
11629:
11624:
11614:
11613:
11612:
11602:
11601:
11600:
11595:
11585:
11584:
11583:
11578:
11568:
11567:
11566:
11561:
11553:
11552:
11551:
11541:
11540:
11539:
11531:
11530:
11529:
11524:
11518:Cross country
11516:
11515:
11514:
11509:
11499:
11498:
11497:
11487:
11481:
11479:
11471:
11470:
11468:
11467:
11466:
11465:
11455:
11454:
11453:
11445:
11444:
11443:
11433:
11420:
11419:
11418:
11413:
11403:
11402:
11401:
11396:
11388:
11387:
11386:
11376:
11375:
11374:
11369:
11359:
11358:
11357:
11347:
11346:
11345:
11340:
11330:
11329:
11328:
11314:
11313:
11312:
11305:
11293:
11292:
11291:
11286:
11278:
11277:
11276:
11266:
11265:
11264:
11256:
11255:
11254:
11249:
11243:Cross country
11241:
11240:
11239:
11234:
11224:
11223:
11222:
11212:
11206:
11204:
11196:
11195:
11193:
11192:
11191:
11190:
11180:
11179:
11178:
11170:
11169:
11168:
11158:
11145:
11144:
11143:
11138:
11128:
11127:
11126:
11121:
11113:
11112:
11111:
11106:
11096:
11095:
11094:
11089:
11079:
11078:
11077:
11067:
11066:
11065:
11060:
11050:
11049:
11048:
11038:
11037:
11036:
11031:
11023:
11022:
11021:
11016:
11006:
11005:
11004:
10996:
10995:
10994:
10989:
10983:Cross country
10981:
10980:
10979:
10974:
10964:
10963:
10962:
10957:
10947:
10946:
10945:
10940:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10911:
10909:
10901:
10900:
10893:
10891:
10889:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10872:
10870:
10866:
10865:
10856:
10855:
10848:
10841:
10833:
10827:
10826:
10810:
10809:External links
10807:
10806:
10805:
10785:
10765:
10743:
10740:
10737:
10736:
10710:
10684:
10652:
10641:. May 23, 2024
10617:
10588:
10563:
10537:
10514:
10491:
10465:
10453:
10441:
10423:
10396:(2): 351β368.
10380:
10366:
10336:
10322:
10308:
10292:
10266:
10234:
10206:
10184:
10159:
10133:
10107:
10082:
10071:(7): 472β475.
10054:
10019:
9992:
9986:
9957:
9942:
9921:
9884:
9841:
9818:
9805:Swimming World
9790:
9767:
9741:
9715:
9689:
9663:
9631:
9602:
9581:
9574:
9548:
9523:
9497:
9471:
9460:on May 5, 2023
9435:
9406:
9380:
9345:
9323:
9301:
9266:
9231:
9220:
9188:
9164:
9134:
9101:
9083:. NCAA. 2011.
9064:
9034:
9009:
8984:
8962:
8940:
8904:
8870:
8848:
8822:
8787:
8744:
8735:
8710:
8696:
8676:
8647:
8622:
8600:
8574:
8552:
8529:
8496:
8465:
8447:
8421:
8409:
8383:
8352:
8328:
8296:
8270:
8244:
8205:
8182:
8151:
8117:
8094:
8061:
8026:
8000:
7985:
7967:
7944:
7919:
7905:
7878:
7852:
7830:
7802:
7779:
7748:
7722:
7706:
7670:
7641:
7615:
7589:
7563:
7537:
7511:
7479:
7453:
7383:
7376:
7354:
7329:
7310:
7293:
7275:
7256:
7237:
7225:
7214:
7192:
7167:
7136:
7108:
7082:
7047:(3): 720β735.
7028:
6982:
6955:(2): 185β209.
6936:
6930:10.3386/w27734
6907:
6894:(1): 115β138.
6874:
6846:
6820:
6815:Newspapers.com
6793:
6763:
6737:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6684:
6683:
6674:
6665:
6649:
6633:
6624:
6615:
6606:
6596:
6586:
6576:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6459:
6455:South Africa:
6453:
6447:
6436:
6433:Liga Mahasiswa
6429:
6418:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6390:
6384:
6378:
6372:
6366:
6360:
6352:
6349:
6344:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6329:
6323:
6317:
6311:
6308:Elite 90 Award
6305:
6299:
6292:
6282:
6276:
6270:
6228:
6225:
6198:Hanna Cavinder
6190:Paige Bueckers
6105:and collusive
6080:Main article:
6077:
6074:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6021:
6020:
6016:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6004:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5979:
5973:
5972:
5968:
5967:
5961:
5960:
5955:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5943:
5942:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5919:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5894:
5893:
5877:
5874:
5864:
5861:
5856:not-for-profit
5848:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5757:
5750:General Motors
5746:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5693:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5591:
5588:
5578:
5575:
5571:Heisman Trophy
5503:
5500:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5410:
5407:
5401:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5379:
5376:
5335:Swimming World
5297:
5294:
5270:
5267:
5254:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5187:
5186:
5183:
5180:
5177:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5088:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5069:
5063:
5057:
5054:ECAC Northeast
5051:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4978:
4972:
4966:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4942:
4936:
4930:
4924:
4918:
4912:
4906:
4900:
4894:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4877:
4871:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4838:Liberty League
4835:
4829:
4823:
4817:
4811:
4805:
4799:
4793:
4787:
4781:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4757:
4750:
4741:Main article:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4715:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4673:
4667:
4661:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4637:
4631:
4625:
4619:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4588:
4579:Main article:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4565:
4560:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4540:
4534:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4515:
4508:
4507:
4493:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4469:(CAA Football)
4462:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4400:Patriot League
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4333:Horizon League
4330:
4327:Conference USA
4324:
4316:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4253:
4246:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4228:
4205:
4202:
4159:
4156:
4117:Division I FBS
4102:
4099:
4074:
4071:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3846:Cross country
3844:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3399:
3398:Women's sports
3396:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3261:Cross country
3259:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2978:
2975:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2914:Main article:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:Cross Country
2611:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2306:Cross Country
2303:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2258:
2257:Men's programs
2255:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1867:
1865:1974β79; 1980β
1862:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:1996β99; 2000β
1790:
1788:1996β99; 2000β
1785:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1440:
1437:
1371:
1368:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:(non-football)
1322:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1212:
1209:
1201:Brian Hainline
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1164:Cedric Dempsey
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1128:
1125:
1105:
1102:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
989:NCAA v. Alston
984:
960:
956:
943:
940:A. J. McCarron
936:Johnny Manziel
916:
905:
892:
885:
868:
865:
861:
854:Harold Stassen
836:
833:
815:, and Idaho's
752:
749:
683:Lattie F. Coor
666:Detroit Tigers
551:A. Kenneth Pye
541:
538:
513:
510:
408:
405:
403:
400:
317:college sports
275:
274:
272:
271:
264:
257:
249:
246:
245:
235:
225:
215:
212:
211:
200:
199:
197:
196:
189:
181:
179:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
137:Region served
136:
133:
132:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
76:
68:
67:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12214:
12203:
12200:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12183:
12180:
12179:
12177:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12143:
12141:
12137:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12106:Rowing (ACRA)
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12061:Boxing (NCBA)
12059:
12058:
12056:
12052:
12046:
12043:
12041:
12038:
12036:
12033:
12031:
12028:
12026:
12023:
12021:
12018:
12016:
12013:
12011:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11999:
11997:
11993:
11990:
11986:
11982:
11975:
11970:
11968:
11963:
11961:
11956:
11955:
11952:
11940:
11930:
11928:
11918:
11917:
11912:
11908:
11907:
11904:
11898:
11895:
11893:
11890:
11889:
11887:
11883:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11866:
11864:
11860:
11857:
11856:
11854:
11850:
11849:
11845:
11844:
11843:
11840:
11836:
11833:
11832:
11830:
11826:
11823:
11822:
11820:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11808:
11807:
11805:
11801:
11798:
11797:
11796:
11793:
11789:
11786:
11785:
11784:
11781:
11777:
11776:
11772:
11771:
11770:
11767:
11763:
11760:
11759:
11757:
11753:
11750:
11749:
11747:
11746:
11744:
11742:
11732:
11724:
11721:
11720:
11719:
11716:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11703:
11701:
11697:
11693:
11689:
11687:
11683:
11679:
11678:
11676:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11663:
11662:
11659:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11646:
11644:
11640:
11637:
11636:
11635:
11632:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11619:
11618:
11615:
11611:
11608:
11607:
11606:
11603:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11590:
11589:
11586:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11573:
11572:
11569:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11556:
11554:
11550:
11547:
11546:
11545:
11542:
11538:
11535:
11534:
11533:Field hockey
11532:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11519:
11517:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11504:
11503:
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11488:
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11438:
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11409:
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11299:
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11282:
11281:
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11275:
11272:
11271:
11270:
11267:
11263:
11260:
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11258:Field hockey
11257:
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11250:
11248:
11245:
11244:
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11238:
11235:
11233:
11230:
11229:
11228:
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11020:
11017:
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11007:
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11000:
10999:
10998:Field hockey
10997:
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10990:
10988:
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10984:
10982:
10978:
10975:
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10849:
10847:
10842:
10840:
10835:
10834:
10831:
10824:
10818:
10813:
10812:
10803:(3): 851β923.
10802:
10798:
10791:
10786:
10782:
10778:
10771:
10766:
10762:
10758:
10751:
10746:
10745:
10724:
10720:
10714:
10698:
10694:
10693:"NCAA Awards"
10688:
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10665:
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10367:9780195387773
10363:
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10340:
10334:
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10320:
10315:
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10306:
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10297:
10281:
10280:Bloomberg.com
10277:
10270:
10255:
10254:
10249:
10243:
10241:
10239:
10227:September 30,
10223:
10222:
10217:
10210:
10195:
10188:
10173:
10169:
10163:
10152:September 17,
10147:
10143:
10137:
10121:
10117:
10111:
10100:September 17,
10095:
10089:
10087:
10078:
10074:
10070:
10066:
10058:
10050:
10046:
10042:
10038:
10034:
10030:
10023:
10015:
10011:
10008:(84): 17β23.
10007:
10003:
9996:
9989:
9987:9781315680521
9983:
9979:
9975:
9971:
9964:
9962:
9953:
9949:
9945:
9943:9781506333502
9939:
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9807:
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9782:
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9613:
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9603:9781138930384
9599:
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9577:
9575:9781315689760
9571:
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9174:
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9153:
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9138:
9119:
9112:
9109:Owoc, Karen.
9105:
9094:September 17,
9086:
9079:
9073:
9071:
9069:
9052:
9048:
9044:
9038:
9019:
9013:
8994:
8988:
8972:
8966:
8950:
8944:
8925:
8921:
8914:
8913:"Prize Money"
8908:
8892:
8888:
8884:
8877:
8875:
8858:
8852:
8837:
8833:
8826:
8807:
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8697:9781440847042
8693:
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8636:
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8610:
8604:
8589:
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8578:
8562:
8556:
8549:
8545:
8541:
8538:
8533:
8522:September 16,
8517:
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8507:
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8470:
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8015:
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7986:9781107707115
7982:
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7716:
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7675:
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7314:
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7260:
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7165:
7161:
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7149:
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7145:
7143:
7141:
7129:September 25,
7125:
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7119:
7112:
7096:
7092:
7086:
7078:
7074:
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7062:
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6508:
6507:
6502:
6501:Sports portal
6491:
6481:
6477:
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6473:
6464:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6441:
6438:Philippines:
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6427:
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6416:
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5957:
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5953:
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5938:
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5933:
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5929:
5926:
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5921:
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5917:
5914:
5913:
5908:
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5904:
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5900:
5896:
5895:
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5882:
5873:
5869:
5860:
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5854:
5839:
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5808:
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5804:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5761:
5759:Car and parts
5758:
5755:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
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5717:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5679:
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5673:
5669:
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5662:
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5657:
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5649:
5648:
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5610:
5609:
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5600:
5597:
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5592:
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5586:
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5582:
5574:
5572:
5567:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5525:Death Penalty
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5499:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5424:
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5422:
5419:
5417:
5406:
5397:
5388:
5384:
5375:
5373:
5367:
5364:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5308:
5305:protects the
5303:
5293:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5280:The basis of
5278:
5276:
5275:gender equity
5266:
5263:
5259:
5250:
5236:
5234:
5233:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5207:
5206:NCAA Football
5202:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5163:
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5092:
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5064:
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5033:
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5023:
5020:
5017:
5014:
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5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
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4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
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4937:
4934:
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4928:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4898:
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4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4878:
4875:
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4857:
4854:
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4779:
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4755:
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4713:
4710:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4698:
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4683:
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4589:
4587:
4582:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4544:Men and women
4543:
4542:
4538:
4535:
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4529:
4528:
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4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
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4437:
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4431:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4398:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4165:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4016:Championships
4009:
4005:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3772:
3766:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3412:
3404:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3187:
3179:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:
2995:
2987:
2983:
2974:
2971:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2870:
2867:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2642:Field Hockey
2641:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:Division III
2556:
2548:
2546:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2273:Division III
2262:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:Cross country
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:cross country
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:Division III
1276:
1275:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1203:as its first
1202:
1189:
1188:Charlie Baker
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1117:ArbiterSports
1113:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1074:Union Station
1071:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
996:
991:
990:
985:
982:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:
957:
954:
953:
948:
944:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
914:
910:
906:
903:
902:
897:
893:
890:
886:
883:
879:
875:
874:
869:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:
832:
828:
824:
818:
814:
809:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
766:
764:
763:
758:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
702:
699:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
678:Donna Lopiano
675:
669:
667:
664:
660:
655:
650:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
625:
623:
618:
615:
612:
609:
604:
600:
594:
591:
589:
585:
579:
577:
573:
567:
564:
561:
557:
552:
548:
537:
535:
530:
527:
518:
509:
507:
502:
500:
499:
494:
493:
488:
487:
482:
478:
476:
471:
467:
463:
461:
456:
452:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
414:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:United States
294:
290:
286:
282:
270:
265:
263:
258:
256:
251:
250:
248:
247:
243:
239:
233:
229:
223:
219:
214:
213:
209:
206:
205:
194:
190:
187:
183:
182:
180:
176:
172:
166:
163:
162:Charlie Baker
160:
154:
150:
144:
140:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:New York City
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
74:
69:
65:
60:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
12161:Youth sports
12111:Rowing (IRA)
12086:Horse riding
12024:
12009:
11910:
11848:championship
11846:
11841:
11835:championship
11825:championship
11788:championship
11775:championship
11773:
11768:
11723:championship
11639:championship
11549:championship
11537:championship
11495:championship
11485:Institutions
11476:Division III
11463:championship
11384:championship
11323:
11316:
11307:
11300:
11295:
11274:championship
11262:championship
11220:championship
11210:Institutions
11188:championship
11104:championship
11002:championship
10955:championship
10934:Realignment
10915:Institutions
10859:
10800:
10796:
10780:
10776:
10763:(2): 211β91.
10760:
10756:
10729:November 29,
10727:. Retrieved
10723:the original
10713:
10703:November 29,
10701:. Retrieved
10697:the original
10687:
10643:. Retrieved
10638:
10608:. Retrieved
10603:
10579:. Retrieved
10575:
10566:
10554:. Retrieved
10540:
10528:. Retrieved
10517:
10505:. Retrieved
10494:
10482:. Retrieved
10456:
10444:
10435:
10426:
10393:
10389:
10383:
10371:. Retrieved
10349:
10339:
10283:. Retrieved
10279:
10269:
10257:. Retrieved
10251:
10225:. Retrieved
10219:
10209:
10197:. Retrieved
10187:
10175:. Retrieved
10172:www.ncaa.com
10171:
10162:
10150:. Retrieved
10145:
10136:
10126:September 6,
10124:. Retrieved
10120:the original
10110:
10098:. Retrieved
10068:
10064:
10057:
10032:
10028:
10022:
10005:
10001:
9995:
9969:
9933:
9901:
9897:
9887:
9858:
9854:
9844:
9827:
9821:
9811:December 22,
9809:. Retrieved
9803:
9793:
9776:
9770:
9758:. Retrieved
9753:
9744:
9732:. Retrieved
9728:Athlete Ally
9727:
9718:
9706:. Retrieved
9701:
9692:
9680:. Retrieved
9675:
9666:
9647:
9593:
9557:
9551:
9532:
9526:
9514:. Retrieved
9510:
9500:
9488:. Retrieved
9483:
9474:
9462:. Retrieved
9455:the original
9450:
9438:
9426:. Retrieved
9416:
9409:
9397:. Retrieved
9383:
9371:. Retrieved
9355:
9348:
9336:. Retrieved
9326:
9314:. Retrieved
9304:
9292:. Retrieved
9276:
9269:
9257:. Retrieved
9241:
9234:
9223:
9180:the original
9167:
9155:. Retrieved
9151:
9137:
9127:February 16,
9125:. Retrieved
9118:the original
9104:
9092:. Retrieved
9057:September 1,
9055:. Retrieved
9051:the original
9047:www.ncaa.org
9046:
9037:
9027:December 26,
9025:. Retrieved
9012:
9000:. Retrieved
8987:
8975:. Retrieved
8965:
8953:. Retrieved
8943:
8933:November 11,
8931:. Retrieved
8924:the original
8919:
8907:
8895:. Retrieved
8891:the original
8886:
8861:. Retrieved
8851:
8839:. Retrieved
8835:
8825:
8813:. Retrieved
8797:
8790:
8757:
8753:
8747:
8738:
8728:November 30,
8726:. Retrieved
8722:
8713:
8701:. Retrieved
8686:
8679:
8640:September 5,
8638:. Retrieved
8634:
8625:
8617:the original
8612:
8603:
8591:. Retrieved
8587:
8577:
8567:December 15,
8565:. Retrieved
8555:
8547:
8532:
8520:. Retrieved
8516:the original
8509:
8499:
8487:. Retrieved
8483:
8450:
8438:. Retrieved
8434:the original
8424:
8412:
8400:. Retrieved
8396:the original
8386:
8374:. Retrieved
8369:
8344:the original
8331:
8319:. Retrieved
8312:the original
8299:
8287:. Retrieved
8282:
8273:
8263:February 28,
8261:. Retrieved
8257:
8247:
8237:February 27,
8235:. Retrieved
8223:
8191:
8185:
8168:
8164:
8160:
8154:
8135:
8103:
8097:
8078:
8074:
8064:
8039:
8035:
8029:
8019:September 2,
8017:. Retrieved
8013:
8003:
7976:
7970:
7953:
7947:
7937:February 27,
7935:. Retrieved
7931:
7922:
7913:
7908:
7891:
7887:
7881:
7869:. Retrieved
7865:
7855:
7843:. Retrieved
7833:
7821:. Retrieved
7815:
7805:
7793:. Retrieved
7782:
7770:. Retrieved
7766:the original
7761:
7751:
7739:. Retrieved
7735:
7725:
7709:
7697:. Retrieved
7663:September 6,
7661:. Retrieved
7657:
7632:. Retrieved
7627:
7618:
7606:. Retrieved
7601:
7592:
7580:. Retrieved
7576:
7566:
7554:. Retrieved
7549:
7540:
7528:. Retrieved
7523:
7514:
7502:. Retrieved
7497:
7470:. Retrieved
7465:
7456:
7444:. Retrieved
7439:
7365:
7357:
7345:. Retrieved
7341:
7332:
7323:
7313:
7305:
7296:
7287:
7278:
7269:
7259:
7250:
7240:
7228:
7217:
7208:
7183:. Retrieved
7179:
7170:
7127:. Retrieved
7121:
7111:
7099:. Retrieved
7094:
7085:
7044:
7040:
6998:
6994:
6952:
6948:
6920:
6910:
6891:
6887:
6877:
6865:. Retrieved
6861:
6837:. Retrieved
6832:
6823:
6810:
6784:. Retrieved
6780:
6754:. Retrieved
6750:the original
6740:
6730:
6727:
6720:. Retrieved
6716:the original
6677:
6668:
6627:
6618:
6609:
6599:
6589:
6579:
6570:
6479:
6442:(NCAA), and
6346:
6337:
6261:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6206:
6202:Olivia Dunne
6163:
6157:
6155:
6144:
6142:
6134:Georgia Tech
6123:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6099:rent-seeking
6095:
6070:
6062:
6058:
6048:
6036:
6024:
6012:
6000:
5988:
5976:
5964:
5951:
5939:
5927:
5915:
5902:
5890:
5884:
5883:
5879:
5870:
5866:
5850:
5580:
5568:
5564:blackballing
5551:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5496:
5479:
5420:
5412:
5403:
5394:
5385:
5381:
5368:
5360:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5330:testosterone
5327:
5323:Rhea Debussy
5319:Athlete Ally
5311:
5299:
5290:
5279:
5272:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5247:
5230:
5222:MVP Baseball
5220:
5216:
5210:
5204:
5198:
5196:(baseball).
5190:Westwood One
5188:
5162:Golf Channel
5155:Golf Channel
5132:
5056:β men's only
4780:(Centennial)
4746:
4737:Division III
4584:
4501:
4432:(The Summit)
4367:
4318:
4239:
4221:
4217:
4186:
4182:Division III
4171:
4151:
4133:
4125:Coaches Poll
4114:
4084:
4080:
4076:
3764:
3537:Field hockey
3401:
3177:
2984:
2980:
2977:Men's sports
2972:
2969:
2923:
2919:
2877:
2876:
2868:
2564:Division II
2544:
2270:Division II
2247:
1717:Field hockey
1556:NCAA sports
1551:
1544:
1537:
1469:field hockey
1442:
1430:
1426:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1379:
1364:
1353:
1341:
1337:
1307:2006βpresent
1278:1973βpresent
1239:
1228:
1198:
1190:2023βpresent
1158:Judith Sweet
1152:Dick Schultz
1140:Walter Byers
1133:Walter Byers
1130:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1078:Kemper Arena
1070:Crown Center
1066:
1055:
1045:in suburban
1036:
1028:
1012:Walter Byers
1005:
1002:Headquarters
988:
950:
908:
899:
871:
846:Pennsylvania
829:
825:
822:
771:
767:
760:
754:
730:
703:
700:
670:
642:Bill Bradley
640:and Senator
638:Tom McMillen
626:
621:
619:
616:
595:
592:
588:John W. Ryan
580:
568:
562:
559:
543:
531:
523:
503:
496:
490:
484:
481:Walter Byers
479:
472:
468:
464:
459:
443:
416:
380:rent-seeking
376:
352:scholarships
348:Division III
329:
321:Indianapolis
311:programs of
284:
280:
278:
242:Division III
207:
147:Membership
129:Indianapolis
125:Headquarters
117:Legal status
86:Abbreviation
79:Indianapolis
51:
11995:Multi-sport
11865:Water polo
11855:Volleyball
11806:Gymnastics
11702:Volleyball
11447:Volleyball
11201:Division II
11172:Volleyball
10886:Conferences
10783:(1): 1β103.
10610:November 5,
10581:October 15,
10177:October 12,
9708:January 20,
9464:January 27,
8920:fs.ncaa.org
8815:January 28,
8440:November 6,
8376:November 6,
8321:November 6,
7871:January 21,
7845:January 21,
7772:November 1,
7741:November 1,
7658:Findlaw.com
7180:gumroad.com
7001:(1): 3β14.
6756:November 6,
6431:Indonesia:
6413:(GPS), and
6405:Australia:
6287:, honoring
6166:D'Eriq King
6151:Sherman Act
5824:Hair Salon
5820:Great Clips
5781:Invesco QQQ
5696:Confections
5677:Snack foods
5651:Capital One
5307:transgender
5012:(USA South)
4874:MAC Freedom
4575:Division II
4568:Hockey East
4563:ECAC Hockey
4178:Division II
4158:Conferences
3961:Equestrian
3938:Gymnastics
3376:Gymnastics
2852:Water Polo
2838:Volleyball
2684:Ice Hockey
2670:Gymnastics
2572:Basketball
2561:Division I
2516:Water Polo
2502:Volleyball
2376:Ice Hockey
2362:Gymnastics
2292:Basketball
2267:Division I
2244:completely.
2106:1985; 1987β
2101:1985; 1987β
1433:redshirting
1324:Division I
1317:Division I
1310:Division I
1285:Division II
1182:Mark Emmert
1170:Myles Brand
1146:James Frank
1121:Sandy, Utah
1119:, based in
913:Jason White
723:Sherman Act
512:1970sβ1980s
344:Division II
232:Division II
120:Association
12176:Categories
12081:Equestrian
11842:Trampoline
11795:Ice hockey
11571:Ice hockey
11502:Basketball
11318:Ice hockey
11296:Gymnastics
11227:Basketball
11041:Ice hockey
10967:Basketball
10906:Division I
10576:FOX Sports
10480:. Politico
10373:August 17,
9861:(2): 3β6.
9836:1032992240
9596:. London.
9338:October 7,
9144:Forde, Pat
8897:August 17,
8863:August 17,
8593:August 17,
8489:August 17,
8106:(Report).
8081:(2): 221.
7932:Justia Law
7266:"The Plot"
6858:"The NCAA"
6777:"Overview"
6722:August 17,
6689:References
6231:See also:
6126:Brian Kemp
6086:See also:
5853:tax-exempt
5811:Insurance
5741:Restaurant
5506:See also:
5339:Lia Thomas
5215:(formerly
5151:TNT Sports
5135:CBS Sports
4834:(Landmark)
4525:Women only
4496:See also:
4414:(SoCon) **
4396:(Pac-12) *
4338:Ivy League
4281:(Big 12) *
4204:Division I
4190:Notre Dame
4174:Division I
4162:See also:
4144:bowl games
4030:See also:
3984:Wrestling
3637:Water polo
3577:Ice hockey
3457:Volleyball
3437:Basketball
3330:Wrestling
3160:Water polo
3140:Ice hockey
3120:Volleyball
3020:Basketball
2938:Equestrian
2929:Acrobatics
2530:Wrestling
2198:Water polo
1839:Ice hockey
1809:Gymnastics
1625:Basketball
1517:water polo
1513:ice hockey
1493:gymnastics
1445:basketball
1416:) and the
1374:See also:
1282:Division I
1263:1957β1972
995:amateurism
852:president
842:Notre Dame
751:Late 1990s
691:West Point
649:Jim Delany
599:Chancellor
586:president
574:President
549:President
366:(FBS) and
340:Division I
222:Division I
169:Main organ
104:1906-03-31
12126:Wrestling
12010:(defunct)
11718:Wrestling
11458:Wrestling
11183:Wrestling
10938:1928β2009
10604:Boardroom
10526:. Reuters
10418:158775179
10410:1573-7160
10285:August 3,
10259:August 3,
10253:USA Today
10199:August 3,
10049:157543200
9952:956376398
9904:(1): 37.
9760:August 5,
9734:August 5,
9682:August 5,
9620:cite book
9612:962234703
9399:April 17,
9294:April 17,
8955:March 23,
8548:NCAA News
8511:USA Today
8402:April 11,
8232:0362-4331
8169:Who's Who
8056:195088138
7995:885338105
7892:Who's Who
7736:USA Today
7462:"Origins"
7185:August 3,
7061:0038-4038
7023:157372084
7015:0003-603X
6969:1573-7160
6839:April 22,
6461:Nigeria:
6113:formula.
6107:monopsony
5959:athletes.
5910:athletes.
5737:Pizza Hut
5686:Hershey's
5642:Insurance
5625:Coca-Cola
5590:Category
5060:ECAC West
5048:ECAC East
4959:(Skyline)
4840:(Liberty)
4690:(PacWest)
4426:(SWAC) **
4358:(MEAC) **
4275:(ASUN) **
3792:Athletes
3677:Triathlon
3207:Athletes
2960:Wrestling
2955:Triathlon
2768:Softball
2698:Lacrosse
2390:Lacrosse
2334:Football
2278:Baseball
2223:Wrestling
1533:wrestling
1499:(women),
1475:(women),
1471:(women),
1459:(women),
1293:1978β2006
1255:1906β1957
1250:Division
1184:2010β2023
1172:2003β2009
1166:1994β2002
1160:1991β1993
1154:1988β1993
1104:Structure
949:lawsuit (
947:antitrust
924:Tajh Boyd
920:Jay Bilas
918:In 2013,
772:In 2009,
396:a lawsuit
210:divisions
157:President
12091:Lacrosse
12054:Specific
11926:Category
11758:Bowling
11690:Women's
11634:Softball
11588:Lacrosse
11544:Football
11490:Baseball
11435:women's
11379:Softball
11333:Lacrosse
11269:Football
11215:Baseball
11160:women's
11099:Softball
11053:Lacrosse
11009:Football
10950:Baseball
10639:ESPN.com
10530:June 21,
10507:June 21,
10484:June 21,
10035:(2): 1.
9916:Archived
9702:HuffPost
9558:Title IX
9516:July 17,
9490:July 22,
9451:NCAA.com
9422:Archived
9393:Archived
9391:. NCAA.
9364:Archived
9285:Archived
9250:Archived
9157:June 30,
9085:Archived
8836:ESPN.com
8806:Archived
8782:38939257
8703:March 2,
8668:Archived
8635:NCAA.org
8540:Archived
8458:Archived
8289:July 28,
8283:ESPN.com
8194:. 2004.
8014:NBC News
7894:. 2007.
7866:ESPN.com
7823:June 25,
7795:June 25,
7699:July 13,
7634:July 17,
7628:ncaa.org
7608:July 17,
7602:ncaa.org
7556:July 17,
7550:ncaa.org
7530:July 17,
7524:ncaa.org
7504:July 17,
7472:July 17,
7466:ncaa.org
7446:July 17,
7347:July 11,
7160:Archived
7101:June 21,
7095:ESPN.com
7077:44035483
7069:27751412
6977:86850372
6867:April 3,
6833:ESPN.com
6487:See also
6478:(FISU) (
6422:U Sports
6420:Canada:
6158:O'Bannon
5847:Finances
5768:Marriott
5710:Infiniti
5612:AT&T
5587:Company
5577:Sponsors
5480:Others:
5282:Title IX
4983:(SUNYAC)
4905:(NEWMAC)
4899:(NESCAC)
4852:(MASCAC)
4814:Empire 8
4786:(CUNYAC)
4506:Men only
4450:(WAC) **
4390:(OVC) **
4384:(NEC) **
4329:(CUSA) *
4087:Stanford
4073:Trophies
4062:trophies
3789:Percent
3783:2021-22
3780:1981-82
3517:Lacrosse
3497:Softball
3429:Percent
3204:Percent
3198:2021-22
3195:1981-82
3100:Lacrosse
3080:Football
3040:Baseball
3012:Percent
2933:tumbling
2628:Fencing
2600:Bowling
2320:Fencing
1987:Softball
1869:Lacrosse
1753:Football
1599:Baseball
1501:swimming
1485:lacrosse
1461:football
1457:softball
1449:baseball
1382:amateurs
1176:Jim Isch
1086:RCA Dome
896:Title IX
757:Title IX
719:Oklahoma
713:and the
437:and the
360:football
356:athletes
334:and the
313:colleges
309:athletic
193:ncaa.org
186:ncaa.com
12121:Running
12076:Cycling
12071:Curling
11938:Commons
11911:italics
11831:Skiing
11783:Fencing
11696:outdoor
11686:outdoor
11441:outdoor
11431:outdoor
11166:outdoor
11156:outdoor
10645:May 24,
10556:July 1,
9878:2007443
9002:May 26,
8977:July 3,
8774:9364896
7582:May 16,
6786:May 23,
6389:(USCAA)
6383:(NCCAA)
5724:Wendy's
5690:Reese's
5664:Nabisco
4989:(SLIAC)
4971:(SCIAC)
4678:(NE-10)
4642:(G-MAC)
4630:(GLIAC)
4533:(NEWHA)
4438:(SBC) *
4408:(SEC) *
4269:(ACC) *
4240:italics
4121:AP Poll
3996:+1175%
3892:Tennis
3884:13,259
3861:14,621
3838:29,391
3815:31,475
3786:Change
3709:+1350%
3609:+1880%
3597:Bowling
3489:+1193%
3423:2022β23
3420:1981β82
3353:Tennis
3276:14,787
3253:28,537
3230:31,278
3201:Change
3006:2021β22
3003:1981β82
2796:Tennis
2754:Soccer
2740:Skiing
2726:Rowing
2460:Tennis
2432:Soccer
2418:Skiing
1817:1982β86
1804:1968β84
1701:Fencing
1651:Bowling
1535:(men).
1481:fencing
1473:bowling
1463:(men),
1451:(men),
1016:Chicago
1010:native
966:kicker
878:Sherman
819:in 2012
798:Tijuana
778:Burnaby
632:of the
601:of the
419:Harvard
402:History
325:Indiana
287:) is a
178:Website
102: (
94:Founded
11821:Rifle
11769:Boxing
11692:indoor
11682:indoor
11680:Men's
11661:Tennis
11617:Soccer
11605:Rowing
11437:indoor
11427:indoor
11425:men's
11406:Tennis
11362:Soccer
11350:Rowing
11162:indoor
11152:indoor
11150:men's
11131:Tennis
11082:Soccer
11070:Rowing
10876:Awards
10416:
10408:
10364:
10096:. NCAA
10047:
9984:
9950:
9940:
9875:
9834:
9610:
9600:
9572:
9484:Kotaku
9428:May 8,
9373:May 8,
9316:May 8,
9312:. NCAA
9259:May 8,
8841:May 9,
8780:
8772:
8694:
8230:
8054:
7993:
7983:
7791:. NCAA
7717:
7630:. NCAA
7604:. NCAA
7552:. NCAA
7526:. NCAA
7468:. NCAA
7374:
7075:
7067:
7059:
7021:
7013:
6975:
6967:
6584:today.
6465:(NUGA)
6446:(UAAP)
6435:(LIMA)
6428:(CCAA)
6424:, and
6359:(NAIA)
6255:, and
6196:&
6170:Bo Nix
6103:cartel
5706:Nissan
5593:Since
5219:) and
5118:(NECC)
5112:(MCVL)
5037:(ECFC)
5018:(WIAC)
5006:(UMAC)
4977:(SCAC)
4947:(ODAC)
4929:(NACC)
4923:(NCAC)
4911:(NJAC)
4893:(MIAC)
4858:(MIAA)
4828:(HCAC)
4822:(GNAC)
4798:(CCIW)
4756:(AMCC)
4720:(SIAC)
4708:(RMAC)
4702:(PSAC)
4684:(NSIC)
4666:(MIAA)
4648:(GNAC)
4636:(GLVC)
4606:(CIAA)
4600:(CACC)
4594:(CCAA)
4539:(WCHA)
4520:(NCHC)
4378:(MW) *
4372:(MPSF)
4352:(MAC)*
4346:(MAAC)
4323:(CCSA)
4263:(A-10)
4180:, and
4093:, and
4042:, and
4011:above.
4007:above.
3976:1,443
3953:1,715
3930:5,733
3927:+463%
3907:8,343
3858:+153%
3852:1,056
3835:+264%
3812:+124%
3777:Sport
3761:above.
3757:above.
3753:above.
3749:above.
3745:above.
3741:above.
3737:above.
3689:+750%
3629:+550%
3589:+564%
3569:+759%
3557:Rowing
3529:+258%
3509:+183%
3477:Soccer
3426:Change
3368:7,549
3345:8,309
3322:8,602
3299:9,945
3192:Sport
3132:+175%
3112:+186%
3060:Soccer
3009:Change
2931:&
2869:
2712:Rifle
2558:Sport
2404:Rifle
2264:Sport
2057:Tennis
1960:Soccer
1935:Skiing
1910:Rowing
1570:Sport
1529:skiing
1525:tennis
1505:diving
1497:rowing
1489:soccer
1386:agents
1247:Years
1223:, and
938:, and
790:Mexico
786:Canada
743:, and
431:rowing
384:cartel
346:, and
305:Canada
299:, and
112:, U.S.
12151:NIRSA
12116:Rugby
12101:Rodeo
12045:USCAA
12035:NJCAA
12030:NCCAA
12015:CCCAA
11874:women
11815:women
11800:women
11762:women
11752:women
11711:women
11671:women
11654:women
11627:women
11610:women
11598:women
11581:women
11564:women
11555:Golf
11527:women
11512:women
11451:women
11416:women
11399:women
11372:women
11355:women
11343:women
11309:women
11289:women
11280:Golf
11252:women
11237:women
11176:women
11141:women
11124:women
11092:women
11075:women
11063:women
11034:women
11025:Golf
10992:women
10977:women
10943:2010β
10793:(PDF)
10773:(PDF)
10753:(PDF)
10503:. CNN
10414:S2CID
10045:S2CID
9873:S2CID
9458:(PDF)
9447:(PDF)
9367:(PDF)
9360:(PDF)
9288:(PDF)
9281:(PDF)
9253:(PDF)
9246:(PDF)
9215:(PDF)
9183:(PDF)
9176:(PDF)
9121:(PDF)
9114:(PDF)
9088:(PDF)
9081:(PDF)
9021:(PDF)
8996:(PDF)
8927:(PDF)
8916:(PDF)
8809:(PDF)
8802:(PDF)
8778:S2CID
8671:(PDF)
8664:(PDF)
8347:(PDF)
8340:(PDF)
8315:(PDF)
8308:(PDF)
8163:Asset
8052:S2CID
7500:. UPI
7073:S2CID
7065:JSTOR
7019:S2CID
6973:S2CID
6562:Notes
6417:(CAS)
6294:NCAA
6194:Haley
5840:2021
5827:2020
5814:2021
5807:Aflac
5801:2022
5788:2021
5775:2017
5762:2013
5754:Buick
5744:2016
5731:2016
5718:2010
5700:2009
5680:2017
5658:2008
5645:2018
5638:GEICO
5632:2002
5619:2001
5606:2015
5302:LGBTQ
5296:LGBTQ
5159:NBC's
5147:ESPN+
5129:Media
5124:(UVC)
5106:(CVC)
5000:(UAA)
4965:(SAA)
4953:(PAC)
4941:(OAC)
4935:(NWC)
4917:(NAC)
4846:(LEC)
4810:(CNE)
4804:(CCS)
4792:(C2C)
4774:(AEC)
4768:(ASC)
4762:(ARC)
4726:(SSC)
4714:(SAC)
4696:(PBC)
4672:(MEC)
4660:(LSC)
4654:(GSC)
4624:(GAC)
4618:(ECC)
4444:(WCC)
4364:(MVC)
4315:(CAA)
4227:Notes
4068:teams
3973:+17%
3950:-54%
3924:+579
3915:Golf
3904:+41%
3901:+248
3881:+61%
3878:+212
3855:+639
3832:+631
3809:+530
3717:Stunt
3697:Rugby
3669:+37%
3649:+43%
3483:1,035
3469:+75%
3463:1,058
3449:+54%
3443:1,087
3417:Sport
3388:-81%
3342:-26%
3319:+37%
3316:+219
3307:Golf
3296:+19%
3273:+53%
3270:+342
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3247:+350
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2061:1982β
2053:1976β
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2013:1964β
2008:1924β
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1991:1982β
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1956:1974β
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1939:1983β
1931:1954β
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