1128:
870:
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1187:
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39:
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1057:
994:
authorities, and has for instance not any more the authority on behalf of the president and the prime minister to follow up on the implementation of the MGK's ‘recommendations’. In addition, the MGK no longer has unlimited access to all civil institutions. The MGK no longer has a representative in the
Supervision Board of Cinema, Video and Music. It was however still represented in civil institutions such as the High Board for Radio and TV (
204:
763:
1147:
930:
relations with the military: they have either tried to relegate the military to the sidelines or they have granted it too much autonomy." When the civilian government was successful in solving economic problems and internal disputes and "had the upper hand," sometimes as in the 1950s, the civilian government "tried to divest the military of all authority" and the government and military officers became "hostile adversaries."
1207:
929:
Though the attitude of the military may have remained constant, the attitude of the successive civilian governments toward the military has fluctuated, according to Metin Heper: "In Turkey, for a long time, there have been two notable behavioral patterns on the part of civilian governments in their
890:
created what the
Turkish scholar Sakallioğlu labels "a double headed political system: the civilian council of ministers coexisted with the national security council on the executive level, and the military system of justice continued to operate independently alongside the civilian justice system."
993:
Firstly it is underlined that the MGK is a consultative body, now with a civilian majority. The 7th reform package made it possible to appoint a civilian
Secretary General of the MGK, which happened for the first time in August 2004. The council has not anymore expanded executive and monitoring
1005:
Despite the impressive institutional changes, the 2004 European
Commission report concludes that "Although the process of aligning civil-military relations with EU practice is underway, the Armed Forces in Turkey continue to exercise influence through a series of informal channels." In the
902:, before transferring power to civilian politicians. From then on its recommendations would be given priority consideration by the council of ministers. Furthermore, the number and weight of senior military commanders in MGK increased at the expense of its civilian members. In 1992 then
1006:
Commission report of the following year it was stated that: "Reforms concerning civil-military relations have continued, but the armed forces still exert significant influence by issuing public statements on political developments and government policies."
957:
stepped down after mounting pressure from the military in 1997. Paradoxically, the military has both been an important force in Turkey's continuous
Westernization but at the same time also represents an obstacle for Turkey's desire to join the
2348:
962:. At the same time, the military enjoys a high degree of popular legitimacy, with continuous opinion polls suggesting that the military is the state institution that the Turkish people trust the most.
2156:
2436:
2224:"Devletin milli güvenlik siyasetini içeren belgenin adı "Milli Siyaset Belgesi" veya "Milli Güvenlik Siyaset Belgesi" gibi değişik biçimlerde ifade edilmektedir. Belgenin resmi adı nedir?"
134:
1127:
2358:
2321:
Heper, Metin. "The
Justice and Development Party government and the military in Turkey," Turkish Studies. Oxfordshire, United Kingdom: Summer 2005. Vol. 6, Iss. 2, p. 215.
1193:
1173:
1213:
689:
2416:
2397:
676:
421:
986:
passed the "seventh reform package", which aimed at limiting the role of the military, through reforms of the MGK. According to an editorial in the
2433:
866:), commonly known as "The Red Book". The Red Book is sometimes called the "most secret" document in Turkey. It is updated once or twice a decade.
440:
628:
2337:
Momayezi, Nasser: "Civil-military relations in Turkey", International
Journal on World Peace. New York: Sep 1998. Vol. 15, Iss. 3., pp. 19-22.
427:
283:
800:
160:
2312:
Momayezi, Nasser. "Civil-military relations in Turkey", International
Journal on World Peace. New York: Sep 1998. Vol. 15, Iss. 3., p. 3.
2176:
2513:
1158:
971:
702:
20:
2456:
Kars Kaynar, Ayşegül. "Making of military tutelage in Turkey: the
National Security Council in the 1961 and 1982 Constitutions."
849:
matters with senior national security officials, and for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. Like the
712:
2518:
2299:Özcan, Gencer, "The Military and the Making of Foreign Policy in Turkey", In: Kirişci, Kemal (red.) & Rubin, Barry (red.):
662:
583:
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270:
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741:
481:
473:
263:
2413:
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793:
225:
2041:
983:
918:
The MGK is widely perceived as the institutionalisation of the
Turkish military's influence over politics. Since
922:
founded the modern secular republic of Turkey in 1923, the Turkish military has perceived itself as guardian of
509:
395:
899:
883:
982:. These reforms have mainly focused on the MGK, its duties, functioning and composition. On 23 July 2003 the
946:
942:
938:
934:
684:
106:
1081:
926:, the official state ideology, even though Atatürk himself insisted separating the military from politics.
887:
869:
555:
550:
545:
322:
256:
2503:
2463:
Kars Kaynar, Ayşegül. "Political Activism of the National Security Council in Turkey After the Reforms."
846:
786:
608:
537:
408:
311:
463:
351:
1089:
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Before the reforms, the MGK covertly influenced public opinion through its Public Relations Command (
850:
468:
434:
387:
2393:
European Commission: 2003 Regular Report on Turkey’s progress towards accession, November 5, 2003;
1186:
1067:
933:
As a result of these fluctuations in the relationship, there have been two direct coups d’états in
335:
2194:
1889:
652:
2395:
European Commission: 2004 Regular Report on Turkey’s progress towards accession, October 6, 2004
1166:
1043:
328:
95:
895:
235:
217:
667:
565:
240:
2023:
1198:
842:
748:
364:
230:
2094:
357:
8:
1178:
1048:
999:
975:
830:
456:
318:
92:
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1734:
907:
1789:
1600:
1456:
1408:
1392:
1376:
1360:
1344:
1328:
1312:
1280:
1264:
834:
194:
1108:
290:
274:
2151:
2001:
1980:
1959:
1922:
1809:
1772:
1728:
1673:
1652:
1584:
1218:
950:
838:
736:
401:
374:
347:
38:
2322:
1133:
1076:
1010:
857:
818:
657:
2230:(in Turkish). Milli Güvenlik Kurulu Genel Sekreterligi. 2007-10-05. Archived from
1062:
1037:
919:
340:
2440:
2420:
2401:
2380:
2353:
2404:
and European Commission: Turkey 2005 Progress Report, Brussels, 9 November 2005.
2231:
2414:
European Commission: 2004 Regular Report on Turkey’s progress towards accession
1711:
998:) and the Commission for Higher Education (YÖK), but after critics in the 2003
990:
the seventh reform package constitutes nothing less than a "quiet revolution".
959:
2326:
1153:
2497:
1568:
1520:
1472:
1296:
1248:
1095:
954:
767:
414:
175:
162:
2378:"A quiet revolution: Less power for Turkey's army is a triumph for the EU",
1867:
1830:
1751:
16:
Turkish government agency in charge of national security and foreign policy
2347:
Ersel Aydinli; Nihat Ali Özcan & Dogan Akyaz (January–February 2006).
1114:
1002:
report this representation was withdrawn from both institutions in 2004.
624:
2258:
2346:
2089:
2073:
2054:
2157:
Committee to Coordinate the Struggle with the Baseless Genocide Claims
886:, and has been a part of the constitution since 1961. In this way the
1056:
2283:
2123:
2107:
1146:
923:
853:
of other countries, the MGK develops the national security policy.
203:
856:
The policy is expressed in the National Security Policy Document (
2036:
2018:
1997:
1976:
1955:
1939:
1918:
1902:
1884:
1863:
1847:
1826:
1805:
1768:
1747:
1724:
1706:
1690:
1669:
1648:
1632:
1616:
1552:
1536:
1504:
1488:
1440:
1424:
995:
978:, Turkey has passed a number of reforms aiming at strengthening
913:
910:
proclaimed self-confidently that "Turkey is a military state".
2485:
149:
2477:
2301:
Turkey in World Politics. An Emerging Multiregional Power
898:, adopted by the military junta in the aftermath of the
1206:
894:
The role of the MGK was further strengthened with the
2303:, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London, 2001. pp. 16-20.
829:) is the principal government agency used by the
2495:
2254:"Milli Güvenlik Siyaset Belgesi değiştiriliyor"
2284:The Anatomy of the Turkish Military's Autonomy
2188:
2186:
1226:
882:The creation of the MGK was an outcome of the
794:
2349:"The Turkish Military's March Toward Europe"
970:In order to meet EU's political demands for
914:The role of the military in Turkish politics
2183:
801:
787:
2177:"Diyanet'in bütçesi artmaya devam ediyor"
868:
21:National Security Council (Turkey, 1980)
2278:
2276:
2496:
2192:
1017:). The department has been disbanded.
945:, and what later has been labelled a "
2251:
2290:, vol. 29, no. 2, 1997, pp. 157-158.
2273:
2443:, Brussels, 9 November 2005, p. 41.
13:
2450:
1020:
980:civilian control over the military
14:
2530:
2514:Turkish governmental institutions
2471:
965:
873:National Security Council, Ankara
1205:
1185:
1165:
1145:
1126:
1107:
1088:
1055:
1036:
972:starting membership negotiations
761:
202:
37:
2426:
2407:
2387:
2372:
2340:
984:Turkish Grand National Assembly
863:Milli Güvenlik Siyaseti Belgesi
2331:
2315:
2306:
2293:
2245:
2216:
2169:
1:
2519:Turkish intelligence agencies
2162:
1199:Commander of the Naval Forces
1015:Toplumla İlişkiler Başkanlığı
685:Turkey and the United Nations
645:Diplomatic missions in Turkey
640:Diplomatic missions of Turkey
284:Leader of the Main Opposition
2193:Mercan, Faruk (2006-08-14).
1179:Commander of the Land Forces
1139:Minister of National Defense
78:Milli Savunma Yüksek Kurulu
7:
2434:Turkey 2005 Progress Report
2384:(editorial), July 31, 2003.
2252:Ergin, Sedat (2004-11-24).
2195:"Kırmızı Kitap'ı uyguladık"
2140:
1230:
1227:List of secretaries general
1120:Minister of Foreign Affairs
677:Membership of international
616:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
54:December 11, 1962
10:
2535:
2509:National security councils
2486:https://www.mgk.gov.tr/en/
2465:Armed Forces & Society
2228:Frequently Asked Questions
1219:Commander of the Air Force
1159:Chief of the General Staff
877:
851:national security councils
18:
2423:, October 6, 2004. P. 15.
2327:10.1080/14683840500119544
1027:
815:National Security Council
370:National Security Council
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127:
112:
102:
88:
65:
50:
45:
36:
31:
27:National Security Council
2147:Supreme Military Council
2128:Seyfullah Hacımüftüoğlu
1101:Minister of the Interior
690:Permanent Representative
474:Supreme Election Council
19:Not to be confused with
2419:April 10, 2016, at the
2400:April 10, 2016, at the
1253:Mehmet Tevfik Erdönmez
949:", when Prime Minister
943:1971 coup by memorandum
837:) for consideration of
742:History of the Republic
264:Grand National Assembly
135:Seyfullah Hacımüftüoğlu
72:Yüksek Müdafaa Meclisi
2439:June 30, 2007, at the
2205:. Feza Gazetecilik A.Ş
1014:
904:chief of general staff
874:
861:
822:
358:Current cabinet (67th)
2467:43.3 (2017): 523–544.
2460:19.3 (2018): 451–481.
2432:European Commission:
2062:Mehmet Yiğit Alpogan
1815:Halit Nusret Toroslu
953:from the pro-Islamic
920:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
872:
823:Milli Güvenlik Kurulu
176:39.90889°N 32.75917°E
32:Milli Güvenlik Kurulu
2288:Comparative Politics
2282:Sakallioglu, Cizre.
1174:Selçuk Bayraktaroğlu
1044:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
396:Constitutional Court
329:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
107:Presidential Complex
96:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
1621:Kemalaetin Gökakın
1541:Mahmut Demircioğlu
1493:Selahattin Selışık
1214:Ziya Cemal Kadıoğlu
1082:Minister of Justice
1000:European Commission
976:Copenhagen criteria
831:President of Turkey
172: /
137:, Secretary-General
28:
2504:Military of Turkey
2131:26 September 2014
2118:25 September 2014
1890:Sabri Yirmibeşoğlu
1790:Lieutenant General
1695:Namık Kemal Ersun
1637:Haydar Olcaynoyan
1601:Lieutenant General
1576:25 September 1961
1563:24 September 1961
1528:16 September 1960
1512:10 September 1959
1467:29 September 1955
1457:Lieutenant General
1409:Lieutenant General
1393:Lieutenant General
1384:27 September 1948
1377:Lieutenant General
1361:Lieutenant General
1345:Lieutenant General
1329:Lieutenant General
1313:Lieutenant General
1301:Hüseyin Avni Üler
1281:Lieutenant General
1265:Lieutenant General
1194:Ercüment Tatlıoğlu
900:1980 military coup
884:1960 military coup
875:
835:Commander-in-chief
409:Court of Cassation
195:Politics of Turkey
181:39.90889; 32.75917
66:Preceding agencies
26:
2478:Official Web site
2152:National security
2138:
2137:
2078:Tahsin Burcuoğlu
2058:(First civilian)
1739:5 September 1977
1592:23 November 1961
1585:Brigadier General
1573:Nüzhet Akıncılar
1560:13 February 1961
1547:12 February 1961
1544:29 November 1960
1531:28 November 1960
1496:4 September 1956
1477:Mehmet Enver Aka
1435:6 September 1951
1352:28 February 1946
1349:Muzaffer Ergüder
1333:M.Rıfat Mataracı
1224:
1223:
951:Necmettin Erbakan
896:1982 constitution
888:1961 constitution
839:national security
811:
810:
768:Turkey portal
663:Visa requirements
609:Foreign relations
596:Political parties
478:Recent elections
422:Court of Accounts
299:Political parties
156:
155:
2526:
2490:
2482:
2444:
2430:
2424:
2411:
2405:
2391:
2385:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2357:. Archived from
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2335:
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2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2280:
2271:
2270:
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2267:
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2242:
2240:
2239:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2099:5 February 2010
2084:25 January 2010
2081:1 November 2007
1852:Hüsnü Çelenkler
1836:Orhan Karabulut
1757:Arif Akdoğanlar
1735:Tahsin Şahinkaya
1579:18 October 1961
1557:Tarık Demiroğlu
1480:24 January 1956
1464:5 November 1952
1451:5 November 1952
1285:M.Rasim Aktağun
1231:
1209:
1189:
1169:
1149:
1130:
1111:
1092:
1059:
1040:
1025:
1024:
947:post modern coup
864:
803:
796:
789:
766:
765:
764:
464:Electoral system
435:Council of State
206:
190:
189:
187:
186:
184:
183:
182:
177:
173:
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165:
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128:Agency executive
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118:
81:
75:
61:
59:
41:
29:
25:
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2527:
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2458:Turkish Studies
2453:
2451:Further reading
2448:
2447:
2441:Wayback Machine
2431:
2427:
2421:Wayback Machine
2412:
2408:
2402:Wayback Machine
2392:
2388:
2381:Financial Times
2377:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2354:Foreign Affairs
2345:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2298:
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2274:
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2217:
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2206:
2191:
2184:
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2170:
2165:
2143:
2112:Muammer Türker
2065:1 October 2004
2049:16 August 2004
2046:26 August 2003
2031:26 August 2003
2028:26 August 2001
2013:26 August 2001
2010:27 August 1999
2007:Cumhur Asparuk
1992:24 August 1999
1989:27 August 1997
1971:27 August 1997
1968:17 August 1995
1950:17 August 1995
1947:22 August 1993
1931:21 August 1992
1913:30 August 1992
1910:21 August 1990
1897:30 August 1990
1894:22 August 1988
1879:22 August 1988
1876:26 August 1987
1858:30 August 1987
1855:21 August 1986
1842:20 August 1986
1839:19 August 1985
1821:30 August 1985
1818:24 August 1981
1800:30 August 1981
1797:8 October 1980
1794:Talat Çetineli
1784:8 October 1980
1781:18 August 1980
1760:25 August 1978
1742:24 August 1978
1719:30 August 1977
1716:5 January 1976
1701:1 January 1976
1698:24 August 1975
1685:30 August 1975
1682:28 August 1972
1664:28 August 1972
1661:28 August 1970
1643:30 August 1970
1640:30 August 1969
1627:30 August 1969
1608:14 August 1962
1605:Refet Ülgenalp
1595:14 August 1962
1589:M. Şevket Ozan
1499:31 August 1959
1483:29 August 1956
1448:4 October 1951
1413:Kurtcebe Noyan
1381:Kurtcebe Noyan
1272:28 August 1939
1259:28 August 1939
1229:
1023:
1021:Council members
988:Financial Times
968:
916:
880:
862:
807:
778:
774:Other countries
762:
760:
755:
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753:
731:
723:
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696:European Union
681:
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672:
653:Nationality law
649:
636:
611:
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532:
504:
469:Electoral cycle
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275:Numan Kurtulmuş
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46:Agency overview
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2472:External links
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1944:Doğan Bayazıt
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1934:9 August 1993
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1712:Nurettin Ersin
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1515:4 August 1960
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1445:İzzet Aksalur
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1429:Mahmut Berköz
1427:
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1403:28 April 1950
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1368:10 April 1946
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1355:10 April 1946
1353:
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1347:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:18 March 1943
1318:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1307:9 August 1942
1305:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1291:21 April 1941
1289:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
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1123:
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1117:
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1103:
1098:
1093:
1085:
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1079:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:Vice President
1065:
1060:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1019:
967:
966:Recent reforms
964:
915:
912:
879:
876:
847:foreign policy
809:
808:
806:
805:
798:
791:
783:
780:
779:
777:
776:
770:
757:
756:
752:
751:
746:
745:
744:
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
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719:
718:
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710:
705:
699:
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693:
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682:
675:
671:
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665:
660:
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648:
647:
642:
635:
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612:
607:
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581:
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531:
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386:
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382:
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372:
367:
362:
361:
360:
345:
344:
343:
336:Vice President
333:
332:
331:
315:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
295:
294:
289:
282:
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199:
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193:
154:
153:
146:
142:
141:
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131:
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125:
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119:34.8 million (
114:
110:
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100:
99:
90:
86:
85:
83:
82:
76:
69:
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63:
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52:
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2422:
2418:
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2403:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2361:on 2009-01-06
2360:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2309:
2302:
2296:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2248:
2234:on 2008-09-08
2233:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2187:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2125:
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2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
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2087:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:16 July 2007
2067:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Tuncer Kılınç
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1907:Nezihi Çakar
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
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1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1796:
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1788:
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1783:
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1777:
1774:
1770:
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1749:
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1726:
1723:
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1705:
1704:
1700:
1697:
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1692:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1658:Emin Alpkaya
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:18 July 1966
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:11 July 1966
1610:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:Major General
1567:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1525:Celal Erikan
1524:
1522:
1521:Major General
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Major General
1471:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:13 June 1950
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1400:11 July 1949
1399:
1397:Yümnü Üresin
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:14 July 1948
1370:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:14 July 1945
1338:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1317:Mümtaz Aktay
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:1 April 1942
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:Major General
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:13 June 1940
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:13 June 1940
1274:
1271:
1269:Galip Türker
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:9 April 1938
1255:
1252:
1250:
1249:Major General
1247:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1096:Ali Yerlikaya
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Cevdet Yılmaz
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
963:
961:
956:
955:Welfare Party
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
927:
925:
921:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
889:
885:
871:
867:
865:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
804:
799:
797:
792:
790:
785:
784:
782:
781:
775:
772:
771:
769:
759:
758:
750:
747:
743:
740:
739:
738:
735:
734:
727:
726:
714:
713:Customs Union
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
698:
697:
695:
691:
688:
687:
686:
683:
680:
679:organizations
674:
673:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
630:
626:
622:
619:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
605:
604:
597:
594:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
569:
568:
567:
564:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
541:
540:
539:
536:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
513:
512:
511:
508:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
487:
485:
484:
483:
482:Parliamentary
480:
479:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
458:
453:
452:
442:
438:
437:
436:
433:
429:
425:
424:
423:
420:
416:
415:Mehmet Akarca
412:
411:
410:
407:
403:
399:
398:
397:
394:
393:
389:
384:
383:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
359:
356:
355:
353:
349:
346:
342:
341:Cevdet Yılmaz
339:
338:
337:
334:
330:
327:
326:
324:
320:
317:
316:
313:
308:
307:
300:
297:
292:
288:
287:
285:
281:
276:
272:
268:
267:
266:(Parliament)
265:
262:
261:
258:
253:
252:
242:
239:
238:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
223:
219:
214:
213:
210:
209:
205:
201:
200:
196:
192:
191:
188:
185:
151:
147:
143:
136:
133:
132:
130:
126:
115:
113:Annual budget
111:
108:
105:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
77:
71:
70:
68:
64:
53:
49:
44:
40:
35:
30:
22:
2489:(in English)
2481:(in Turkish)
2464:
2457:
2428:
2409:
2389:
2379:
2374:
2363:. Retrieved
2359:the original
2352:
2342:
2333:
2317:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2264:. Retrieved
2262:(in Turkish)
2257:
2247:
2236:. Retrieved
2232:the original
2227:
2218:
2207:. Retrieved
2202:
2198:
2171:
2095:Serdar Kılıç
2057:
1965:İlhan Kılıç
1873:İrfan Tınaz
1778:Halil Sözer
1679:Nahit Özgür
1509:Vedat Garan
1419:6 June 1950
1416:25 May 1950
1387:1 July 1949
1008:
1004:
992:
987:
969:
932:
928:
917:
893:
881:
855:
833:(who is the
826:
814:
812:
749:Armed Forces
510:Presidential
402:Zühtü Arslan
369:
236:Human rights
218:Constitution
157:
103:Headquarters
89:Jurisdiction
1461:Nazmi Ataç
1365:Fuat Erdem
1336:3 May 1945
1323:1 May 1945
1154:Metin Gürak
1134:Yaşar Güler
1115:Hakan Fidan
1077:Yılmaz Tunç
908:Doğan Güreş
668:Visa policy
625:Hakan Fidan
439:President:
428:Metin Yener
426:President:
413:President:
400:President:
257:Legislature
241:LGBT rights
179: /
80:(1949–1962)
74:(1933–1949)
2498:Categories
2365:2008-12-16
2266:2009-01-06
2238:2009-01-06
2209:2009-01-06
2163:References
2134:Incumbent
2090:Ambassador
2074:Ambassador
2055:Ambassador
566:Referendum
441:Zeki Yiğit
365:Ministries
291:Özgür Özel
231:Secularism
167:32°45′33″E
164:39°54′32″N
150:mgk.gov.tr
98:(chairman)
58:1962-12-11
2002:Air Force
1981:Air Force
1960:Air Force
1923:Air Force
1810:Air Force
1773:Air Force
1729:Air Force
1674:Air Force
1653:Air Force
1049:President
708:relations
703:Accession
457:Elections
388:Judiciary
375:Governors
319:President
312:Executive
93:President
2437:Archived
2417:Archived
2398:Archived
2259:Hürriyet
2179:. sozcu.
2141:See also
2124:Governor
2108:Governor
1212:General
1192:Admiral
1172:General
1152:General
924:Kemalism
843:military
730:See also
658:Passport
621:Minister
2199:Aksiyon
2037:General
2019:General
1998:General
1977:General
1956:General
1940:General
1919:General
1903:General
1885:General
1864:Admiral
1848:General
1827:Admiral
1806:General
1769:General
1748:Admiral
1725:General
1707:General
1691:General
1670:General
1649:General
1633:General
1617:General
1553:Colonel
1537:Colonel
1505:General
1489:General
1441:General
1425:General
1031:Office
1028:Member
1011:Turkish
878:History
858:Turkish
819:Turkish
737:History
348:Cabinet
271:Speaker
226:History
145:Website
56: (
974:, the
941:, the
845:, and
51:Formed
1240:From
1237:Name
1234:Rank
906:Gen.
538:Local
1868:Navy
1831:Navy
1752:Navy
996:RTÜK
939:1980
937:and
935:1960
813:The
629:list
584:2017
579:2010
574:2007
556:2024
551:2019
546:2014
528:2023
523:2018
518:2014
500:2023
495:2018
490:2015
352:list
323:list
121:2019
2323:doi
2203:610
1243:To
827:MGK
2500::
2351:.
2286:,
2275:^
2256:.
2226:.
2197:.
2185:^
2004:)
1983:)
1962:)
1925:)
1870:)
1833:)
1812:)
1775:)
1754:)
1731:)
1676:)
1655:)
1013::
960:EU
860::
841:,
825:,
821::
623::
354:)
325:)
273::
2368:.
2325::
2269:.
2241:.
2212:.
2000:(
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1958:(
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1771:(
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631:)
627:(
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321:(
123:)
117:₺
60:)
23:.
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