1734:
382:
399:
64:
40:
339:). Understanding the most common anatomic variations of the distal portion of the external laryngeal nerve and its relation to the inferior constrictor muscle is critical and allows identifying and preserving the integrity of this nerve in most cases. The external branch is susceptible to damage during
532:
Barczyński M, Randolph GW, Cernea CR, Dralle H, Dionigi G, Alesina PF, Mihai R, Finck C, Lombardi D, Hartl DM, Miyauchi A, Serpell J, Snyder S, Volpi E, Woodson G, Kraimps JL, Hisham AN (2013). "External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid and parathyroid surgery:
330:
A superior laryngeal nerve palsy changes the pitch of the voice and causes an inability to make explosive sounds due to paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle. If no recovery is evident three months after the palsy initially presents, the damage is most likely to be permanent. A bilateral palsy
310:. Above the vocal folds the sensory innervation of the larynx is via the internal laryngeal nerve. Below the vocal folds it is by way of branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The vocal fold itself receives dual innervation from both nerves.
1754:
190:
The superior laryngeal nerve produces two branches: the internal laryngeal nerve (its sensory branch) which supplies sensory fibers to the laryngeal mucosa, and the external laryngeal nerve (its motor branch) which innervates the
358:. The lesion of this branch (for example, during surgery) that seeks an anterior approach to the cervix, is associated with a loss of the laryngeal reflex of cough and an elevated risk of aspiration pneumonia.
381:
255:. The external branch functions to tense the vocal cords by activating the cricothyroid muscle, increasing pitch. The external laryngeal nerve gives branches to
143:
489:
Jansson S, Tisell LE, Hagne I, Sanner E, Stenborg R, Svensson P (1988). "Partial superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) lesions before and after thyroid surgery".
1613:
1608:
1537:
1392:
1372:
1377:
978:
119:
299:, to supply the mucous membrane surrounding the entrance of the larynx, and the mucous lining of the larynx as far down as the vocal folds.
1555:
1382:
1329:
1324:
1387:
1197:
988:
17:
1603:
916:
754:
1187:
1709:
1182:
468:
439:
176:
354:
Irritation of the internal laryngeal nerve results in uncontrolled coughing - usually as a result of food or water in the
1202:
925:
911:
351:. The ability to produce pitched sounds is then impaired along with easy voice fatigability, (usually mono-toned voice).
1560:
1192:
1170:
387:
The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind.
1677:
1508:
1503:
1459:
1454:
1165:
256:
209:
150:
1485:
1480:
577:
260:
68:
Course and distribution of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves. (Branches visible in upper right.)
1682:
1593:
1634:
1598:
138:
901:
747:
1413:
456:
408:
1724:
857:
818:
184:
180:
1532:
1230:
1155:
983:
367:
307:
1670:
1525:
1520:
1110:
993:
331:
presents as a tiring and hoarse voice. It can be injured in surgery involving the removal of the
1244:
740:
348:
228:
before dividing into two branches —the external laryngeal nerve and the internal laryngeal nerve.
225:
1302:
1132:
1117:
1105:
455:
Duarte, Robert A.; Argoff, Charles E. (2009-01-01), Argoff, Charles E.; McCleane, Gary (eds.),
264:
126:
114:
45:
1764:
1573:
1360:
268:
1759:
1568:
1290:
1220:
1145:
248:
8:
1701:
1085:
1003:
319:
280:
252:
192:
1733:
1160:
1080:
896:
694:
669:
645:
618:
558:
514:
296:
283:, piercing it in company with the superior laryngeal artery, and is distributed to the
1692:
1278:
1273:
1256:
946:
699:
650:
599:
550:
506:
464:
435:
413:
303:
1755:
Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
562:
1665:
1639:
1629:
1418:
1408:
1285:
1225:
1044:
1023:
1013:
966:
920:
884:
689:
681:
640:
630:
589:
542:
518:
498:
619:"Injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery"
1653:
1355:
1261:
1018:
937:
833:
806:
284:
243:
The external laryngeal nerve is the smaller, external branch. It descends on the
53:
1738:
1350:
1268:
1177:
1122:
1035:
828:
772:
764:
594:
355:
344:
685:
1748:
1472:
1443:
1365:
1342:
1313:
1127:
784:
720:
404:
340:
336:
332:
131:
533:
International Neural
Monitoring Study Group standards guideline statement".
302:
A filament descends beneath the mucous membrane on the inner surface of the
1097:
1064:
867:
703:
654:
635:
603:
578:"Superior laryngeal nerve identification and preservation in thyroidectomy"
554:
510:
1432:
872:
845:
670:"Surgical anatomy of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve"
172:
49:
725:
279:
The internal laryngeal nerve is the internal branch. It descends to the
546:
502:
288:
287:
of the larynx. Of these sensory branches, some are distributed to the
156:
732:
1585:
221:
723:
at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (
1547:
292:
244:
90:
531:
295:, and the epiglottic glands; others pass posteriorly, in the
102:
1495:
457:"Chapter 19 - Glossopharyngeal and other Facial Neuralgias"
208:
The superior laryngeal nerve arises from the middle of the
63:
39:
616:
220:
The superior laryngeal nerve descends by the side of the
488:
667:
575:
1722:
434:(12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. p. 367.
1746:
617:Potenza AS, Araujo Filho VJ, Cernea CR (2017).
748:
668:Kiray A, Naderi S, Ergur I, Korman E (2006).
454:
318:The superior laryngeal nerve innervates the
661:
610:
569:
525:
274:
238:
755:
741:
482:
429:
62:
38:
693:
644:
634:
593:
576:Friedman M, LoSavio P, Ibrahim H (2002).
463:, Philadelphia: Mosby, pp. 116–118,
325:
461:Pain Management Secrets (Third Edition)
56:. ("Laryngeal" labeled at lower right.)
14:
1747:
762:
403:This article incorporates text in the
736:
347:, as it lies immediately deep to the
373:
177:inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve
423:
175:. It arises from the middle of the
24:
25:
1776:
714:
582:Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg
1732:
397:
380:
259:and the superior portion of the
210:inferior ganglion of vagus nerve
151:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
261:inferior pharyngeal constrictor
448:
430:Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011).
13:
1:
1635:Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve
392:
263:, and communicates with the
198:
179:and additionally receives a
7:
1414:Inferior salivatory nucleus
411:of the 20th edition of
361:
313:
233:
10:
1781:
858:lateral geniculate nucleus
819:anterior olfactory nucleus
595:10.1001/archotol.128.3.296
185:superior cervical ganglion
44:Plan of upper portions of
1691:
1652:
1622:
1584:
1546:
1538:Superior cervical cardiac
1494:
1470:
1441:
1431:
1401:
1340:
1311:
1301:
1243:
1231:Superior salivary nucleus
1213:
1143:
1094:
1073:
1063:
1034:
984:spinal trigeminal nucleus
965:
936:
883:
844:
805:
771:
686:10.1007/s00586-005-0006-7
368:Recurrent laryngeal nerve
308:recurrent laryngeal nerve
215:
203:
149:
137:
125:
113:
108:nervus laryngeus superior
101:
96:
86:
78:
73:
61:
37:
32:
27:Branch of the vagus nerve
18:Nervus laryngeus superior
1671:spinal accessory nucleus
1111:pterygopalatine ganglion
902:Edinger–Westphal nucleus
275:Internal laryngeal nerve
239:External laryngeal nerve
169:superior laryngeal nerve
33:Superior laryngeal nerve
1053:no significant branches
955:no significant branches
795:no significant branches
349:superior thyroid artery
226:internal carotid artery
1373:Stylopharyngeal branch
1133:submandibular ganglion
1118:Nerve to the stapedius
636:10.21037/gs.2017.06.15
265:superior cardiac nerve
46:glossopharyngeal nerve
326:Clinical significance
269:common carotid artery
1221:Facial motor nucleus
917:parasympathetic root
249:sternothyroid muscle
1533:Recurrent laryngeal
1378:Pharyngeal branches
1156:Posterior auricular
1004:trigeminal ganglion
320:cricothyroid muscle
281:thyrohyoid membrane
253:cricothyroid muscle
193:cricothyroid muscle
171:is a branch of the
1516:Superior laryngeal
1383:Tonsillar branches
1081:Intermediate nerve
897:oculomotor nucleus
547:10.1002/lary.24301
541:(Suppl 4): S1–14.
503:10.1007/BF01655439
297:aryepiglottic fold
291:, the base of the
1720:
1719:
1648:
1647:
1614:Posterior gastric
1509:pharyngeal plexus
1504:Pharyngeal branch
1427:
1426:
1291:Scarpa's ganglion
1279:lateral lemniscus
1274:striae medullares
1257:vestibular nuclei
1245:Vestibulocochlear
1239:
1238:
470:978-0-323-04019-8
441:978-0-7295-3752-0
374:Additional images
304:thyroid cartilage
257:pharyngeal plexus
165:
164:
160:
16:(Redirected from
1772:
1737:
1736:
1728:
1666:nucleus ambiguus
1640:Solitary nucleus
1630:Nucleus ambiguus
1609:Anterior gastric
1556:Inferior cardiac
1486:Auricular branch
1481:Meningeal branch
1439:
1438:
1419:Solitary nucleus
1409:Nucleus ambiguus
1388:Lingual branches
1309:
1308:
1303:Glossopharyngeal
1226:Solitary nucleus
1106:Greater petrosal
1071:
1070:
921:ciliary ganglion
757:
750:
743:
734:
733:
708:
707:
697:
665:
659:
658:
648:
638:
614:
608:
607:
597:
573:
567:
566:
529:
523:
522:
486:
480:
479:
478:
477:
452:
446:
445:
427:
401:
400:
384:
251:, to supply the
183:branch from the
157:edit on Wikidata
154:
66:
42:
30:
29:
21:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1731:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1687:
1644:
1618:
1580:
1542:
1490:
1466:
1423:
1397:
1361:lesser petrosal
1356:tympanic plexus
1336:
1297:
1262:cochlear nuclei
1235:
1209:
1147:
1139:
1096:
1090:
1059:
1030:
961:
932:
879:
840:
834:olfactory tract
801:
767:
761:
717:
712:
711:
666:
662:
615:
611:
574:
570:
530:
526:
487:
483:
475:
473:
471:
453:
449:
442:
428:
424:
398:
395:
388:
385:
376:
364:
328:
316:
285:mucous membrane
277:
241:
236:
218:
206:
201:
161:
69:
57:
54:accessory nerve
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1778:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1742:
1741:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1659:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1500:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1477:
1475:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1448:
1446:
1436:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1347:
1345:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1269:Cochlear nerve
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1178:Parotid plexus
1175:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1123:Chorda tympani
1120:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1008:
1007:
1006:
998:
997:
996:
991:
986:
981:
972:
970:
963:
962:
960:
959:
958:
957:
949:
943:
941:
934:
933:
931:
930:
929:
928:
923:
914:
906:
905:
904:
899:
890:
888:
881:
880:
878:
877:
876:
875:
870:
862:
861:
860:
851:
849:
842:
841:
839:
838:
837:
836:
831:
829:olfactory bulb
823:
822:
821:
812:
810:
803:
802:
800:
799:
798:
797:
789:
788:
787:
778:
776:
769:
768:
765:cranial nerves
760:
759:
752:
745:
737:
731:
730:
716:
715:External links
713:
710:
709:
660:
629:(5): 552–562.
609:
588:(3): 296–303.
568:
524:
481:
469:
447:
440:
432:Last's Anatomy
421:
420:
414:Gray's Anatomy
394:
391:
390:
389:
386:
379:
375:
372:
371:
370:
363:
360:
356:laryngopharynx
345:cricothyrotomy
327:
324:
315:
312:
306:and joins the
276:
273:
247:, beneath the
240:
237:
235:
232:
217:
214:
205:
202:
200:
197:
163:
162:
153:
147:
146:
141:
135:
134:
129:
123:
122:
117:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1777:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:Vagal trunks
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1473:jugular fossa
1469:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1444:jugular fossa
1440:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1393:Carotid sinus
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:otic ganglion
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1343:jugular fossa
1339:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1314:jugular fossa
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1142:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1128:lingual nerve
1126:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
973:
971:
968:
964:
956:
953:
952:
950:
948:
945:
944:
942:
939:
935:
927:
924:
922:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
892:
891:
889:
886:
882:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
863:
859:
856:
855:
853:
852:
850:
847:
843:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
820:
817:
816:
814:
813:
811:
808:
804:
796:
793:
792:
790:
786:
785:septal nuclei
783:
782:
780:
779:
777:
774:
770:
766:
758:
753:
751:
746:
744:
739:
738:
735:
728:
727:
722:
721:cranialnerves
719:
718:
705:
701:
696:
691:
687:
683:
680:(9): 1320–5.
679:
675:
671:
664:
656:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
613:
605:
601:
596:
591:
587:
583:
579:
572:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
528:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
485:
472:
466:
462:
458:
451:
443:
437:
433:
426:
422:
419:
418:
415:
412:
410:
406:
405:public domain
383:
378:
377:
369:
366:
365:
359:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
341:thyroidectomy
338:
337:thyroidectomy
334:
333:thyroid gland
323:
321:
311:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
231:
230:
227:
223:
213:
211:
196:
194:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
158:
152:
148:
145:
142:
140:
136:
133:
130:
128:
124:
121:
118:
116:
112:
109:
106:
104:
100:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
65:
60:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1765:Human throat
1515:
1146:stylomastoid
1098:facial canal
1052:
954:
868:optic chiasm
794:
724:
677:
673:
663:
626:
622:
612:
585:
581:
571:
538:
535:Laryngoscope
534:
527:
497:(4): 522–7.
494:
491:World J Surg
490:
484:
474:, retrieved
460:
450:
431:
425:
416:
402:
396:
353:
329:
317:
301:
278:
242:
229:
224:deep to the
219:
207:
189:
168:
166:
120:A14.2.01.160
107:
1760:Vagus nerve
1693:Hypoglossal
1074:Near origin
873:optic tract
674:Eur Spine J
267:behind the
181:sympathetic
173:vagus nerve
97:Identifiers
82:Vagus nerve
50:vagus nerve
1749:Categories
1286:Vestibular
1198:mandibular
1171:stylohyoid
1161:Suprahyoid
1086:Geniculate
1024:mandibular
1014:ophthalmic
967:Trigeminal
885:Oculomotor
623:Gland Surg
476:2021-01-12
393:References
289:epiglottis
87:Innervates
1706:Branches
1654:Accessory
1574:posterior
1561:Pulmonary
1247:(CN VIII)
1188:zygomatic
1166:digastric
1049:Branches
1019:maxillary
1010:Branches
951:Branches
938:Trochlear
908:Branches
807:Olfactory
199:Structure
1695:(CN XII)
1569:anterior
1526:internal
1521:external
1460:inferior
1455:superior
1451:Ganglia
1351:Tympanic
1330:inferior
1325:superior
1321:Ganglia
1203:cervical
1183:temporal
1067:(CN VII)
1036:Abducens
926:inferior
912:superior
887:(CN III)
773:Terminal
704:16402208
655:29142848
604:11886347
563:29270084
555:23832799
409:page 912
362:See also
314:Function
234:Branches
1739:Anatomy
1710:lingual
1702:Nucleus
1678:Cranial
1662:Nuclei
1656:(CN XI)
1604:Hepatic
1586:Abdomen
1442:Before
1312:Before
1305:(CN IX)
1253:Nuclei
1148:foramen
1045:Nucleus
1038:(CN VI)
1000:Course
975:Nuclei
947:Nucleus
940:(CN IV)
893:Nuclei
864:Course
854:Nuclei
848:(CN II)
825:Course
815:Nuclei
791:Course
781:Nuclei
695:2438561
646:5676167
519:8105192
511:3420935
222:pharynx
74:Details
1725:Portal
1683:Spinal
1623:Nuclei
1594:Celiac
1548:Thorax
1471:After
1435:(CN X)
1402:Nuclei
1341:After
1214:Nuclei
1193:buccal
1095:Inside
1065:Facial
969:(CN V)
809:(CN I)
775:(CN 0)
702:
692:
653:
643:
602:
561:
553:
517:
509:
467:
438:
417:(1918)
293:tongue
245:larynx
216:Course
204:Origin
91:Larynx
52:, and
1599:Renal
1433:Vagus
846:Optic
559:S2CID
515:S2CID
407:from
155:[
103:Latin
1496:Neck
763:The
700:PMID
651:PMID
600:PMID
551:PMID
507:PMID
465:ISBN
436:ISBN
167:The
144:6239
132:6339
115:TA98
79:From
1144:At
994:TMN
979:PSN
919:of
690:PMC
682:doi
641:PMC
631:doi
590:doi
586:128
543:doi
539:123
499:doi
343:or
139:FMA
127:TA2
1751::
989:MN
698:.
688:.
678:15
676:.
672:.
649:.
639:.
625:.
621:.
598:.
584:.
580:.
557:.
549:.
537:.
513:.
505:.
495:12
493:.
459:,
322:.
271:.
212:.
195:.
187:.
48:,
1727::
756:e
749:t
742:v
729:)
726:X
706:.
684::
657:.
633::
627:6
606:.
592::
565:.
545::
521:.
501::
444:.
335:(
159:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
