3281:
3623:
4049:
2678:
3080:
3886:
415:
932:, its elevation is in the range of 1,165 to 1,496 feet (355 to 456 m). The central part of the Black Creek watershed is also in this range, as is much of the Nescopeck Creek watershed's northernmost line of hills. Nescopeck Creek's elevation within 2 miles (3.2 km) of its source is in the range of 1,499 to 1,831 feet (457 to 558 m). The upper portion of the Black Creek watershed and the southeastern part of the Nescopeck Creek watershed is also in this range. Scattered parts of the creek's watershed, such as its southwestern corner and the creek's source, are in the elevation range of 1,834 to 2,000 feet (559 to 610 m).
47:
1206:, has been tested for most of the watershed of Nescopeck Creek. The Bird Community Index was high in one area near the source of Nescopeck Creek. In all other areas of the watershed, the index was low to medium. One of the lowest values is near Nescopeck Creek's mouth. The Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI) has been measured for a number of sites along Nescopeck Creek and its tributaries. Upstream of the Jeddo Tunnel, Little Nescopeck Creek B has a high HBI. However, just downstream of the Jeddo Tunnel, the HBI drops off by a large amount. Black Creek has an HBI of 0 to 6.6, and this tributary's
928:. The elevation of the creek's watershed north of the northernmost line of hills is in the range of 663 to 994 feet (202 to 303 m). The central part of the Nescopeck Creek watershed, south of the northernmost line of hills, including the mouth of Black Creek, is also in this range. The area close to the main stem of the creek upstream to several miles from the source is in the range of 997 to 1,161 feet (304 to 354 m). In the central part of the Nescopeck Creek watershed, several tributaries also lie in this elevation range. Near the creek's
758:. It is situated under the Hazleton valley. The Mauch Chunk Formation contains outcrops of reddish rock. This formation is softer than many of the nearby rock formations. This formation makes up Sugarloaf Mountain and most of the Nescopeck Creek watershed. The Llewellyn Formation contains more coal than any other formation in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. This formation is 1,500 feet (460 m) thick and is composed of brownish-gray
31:
550:
when there was an average discharge of 31.8 cubic feet per second (0.90 m/s). The highest discharge in a single month was 479 cubic feet per second (13.6 m/s) in March 1920. The lowest discharge in a single month was 12.9 cubic feet per second (0.37 m/s) in
September 1922. The average discharge of Nescopeck Creek from 1995 to 2002 is 93.7 cubic feet per second (2.65 m/s). From 1996 to 1998, the
2619:
54:
790:) of material have eroded into Nescopeck Creek. Black Creek has the most erosion for an individual stream in the Nescopeck Creek watershed, with 123,825 metric tons (136,494 short tons) of erosion. The main stem of Nescopeck Creek and Little Nescopeck Creek B also have high amounts of erosion, with 74,365 metric tons (81,973 short tons) and 44,876 metric tons (49,467 short tons), respectively.
965:. The Lenni Lenape inhabited the Nescopeck Creek watershed a thousand years before European settlers. There is no definitive record of permanent settlements in the interior of Nescopeck Creek's watershed, but temporary Native American settlements existed in what is now Nescopeck State Park. By the 1700s, the Lenni Lenape had left the Nescopeck Creek watershed due to encroaching
390:. Slightly over half of the land in the watershed is deciduous forest. The rest is perennial herbaceous vegetation, mixed vegetation and annual herbaceous vegetation, and barren land. Some sub-watersheds contain as much as 80 percent forest. Almost all of the streams in the watershed are within 330 feet (100 m) of a road. Most of the land in the watershed has a
1040:
Nescopeck Creek watershed began to increase rapidly around this time. By the 1880s, the patch towns attended over thirty mines in the watershed. However, the coal mining industry in the watershed began to lose value around this time, coal mining was no longer a significant source of industry in the
Nescopeck Creek watershed by 1936.
936:
Creek's second-largest sub-watershed. The Little
Nescopeck Creek A at 14 square miles (36 km), Little Nescopeck Creek B at 8.4 square miles (22 km), Cranberry Creek at 8.4 square miles (22 km), and Oley Creek at 7.2 square miles (19 km) are also among the largest Nescopeck Creek sub-watersheds.
815:
is made up of the Leck Kill-Meckesville-Calvin series. This soil series tends to occur on hillsides near streams. The Leck Kill-Meckesville-Calvin series occurs quite near the mouth of
Nescopeck Creek, with a large patch further upstream, and a small patch in the southwestern part of the Nescopeck Creek watershed.
1405:
is one source of recreation in the
Nescopeck Creek watershed. Nescopeck Creek flows through this state park and on it there are opportunities for trout fishing. Nescopeck Creek takes up 3,350 acres (1,360 ha) of the northwestern part in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. Additionally, there are four
814:
Approximately 24 percent of the creek's watershed contains the
Wellsboro-Oquaga-Morris series. The series is made of Wellsboro soils, Oquaga soils, and some Morris soils. This type of soil series is most common near the creek's source. Another twenty-four percent of the Nescopeck Creek watershed
355:
between Class I and Class III. However, during parts of the year, Nescopeck Creek is impossible to navigate due to rapids, flooding, and tight bends. Nescopeck Creek is home to a number of species of trout, although the waters are not always optimal for them. Nescopeck Creek's water is acidic, with a
654:
are the largest land sources of phosphorus in the watershed, each contributing 6,226.6 kilograms (13,727 lb) (43.6 percent of land sources) and 2,109.6 kilograms (4,651 lb). The smallest sources of phosphorus in the watershed are unpaved roads, contributing 11.8 kilograms (26 lb)
549:
of
Nescopeck Creek at St. Johns was 93.9 cubic feet per second (2.66 m/s). The month with the highest average discharge during this time was March, when there was a discharge of 227 cubic feet per second (6.4 m/s). The month with the lowest average discharge during this time was September,
666:
water in the
Nescopeck Creek watershed, with a concentration of over 100 milligrams per liter of dissolved minerals. Other streams in the watershed with hard water are Reilly Creek (28 milligrams per liter) and Long Run (21 milligrams per liter). Some of the least hard waters in the Nescopeck Creek
830:
below. The
Udorthents-Urban Land-Volusia soil series occurs in the southeastern and parts of the southwestern parts of the Nescopeck Creek watershed. The Lackawanna-Arnot-Morris series is present in nine percent of Nescopeck Creek's watershed. The Lackawanna-Arnot-Morris soil series mostly is near
778:
There are also several less significant rock formations in
Nescopeck Creek's watershed. These include the Spechty Kopf Formation, the Hamilton Formation, and the Catskill Formation. Little is understood about the Spechty Kopf Formation, but it occurs between the Catskill and Pocono Formations. The
694:
Nescopeck Creek has coal veins near its source. These coal veins first appeared 300 million years ago. The thickness of these coal seams ranges from 3 feet (0.9 m) in the Tracy Bed up to 50 to 114 feet (15 to 35 m) in the Mammoth Bed. Nearly all of the Eastern Middle coal field is in the
1393:
All of the streams in the Nescopeck Creek are considered sub-optimal habitats and rated on a scale of 1 to 240. The most optimal water habitat in the watershed is a site along Nescopeck Creek, with a rating of 184. The least optimal water habitats in the watershed are two sites along Black Creek.
1220:
In 1999, the only Class-A fishery waters in the Nescopeck Creek watershed were those of Little Nescopeck Creek A, the headwaters of Nescopeck Creek, and several minor tributaries of Nescopeck Creek. Only one small stream near Nescopeck Creek's mouth had Class-C fishery waters. The central part of
935:
The Long Hollow sub-watershed is Nescopeck Creek is Nescopeck Creek's smallest sub-watershed, with an area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km). The main stem of Nescopeck Creek has the largest sub-watershed, with an area of 67.3 square miles (174 km). The Black Creek sub-watershed is Nescopeck
590:
of the waters of Nescopeck Creek and its tributaries. At three sites, its pH averaged 5.06, 4.85, and 4.49. However, the pH at Nescopeck Creek's headwaters is between 6.5 and 7. The lowest pH level in the Nescopeck Creek watershed is 4.2, which is on some parts of Black Creek. Creasy Creek is the
1175:
species in the watershed is in the same area. The lowest density of snake species in the watershed is along the central part of Nescopeck Creek. The highest density of bird species in the watershed is in the southern and central part of the watershed. The highest density of mammal species in the
839:
Nescopeck Creek's watershed is 143 square miles (370 km) in area. Most of the watershed is in Luzerne County, but part of it also extends into Schuylkill and Columbia Counties. Nescopeck Creek's watershed area includes one city, five boroughs, and thirteen townships. Most of the land in the
774:
and sandstone. While there is no anthracite in the Pottsville Formation, it does contain three-foot seams of other varieties of coal. Groundwater from this formation is acidic and high in manganese and iron. The Pottsville Formation makes up the valleys directly surrounding Nescopeck Creek. The
685:
in the Nescopeck Creek watershed has been measured using the DRASTIC system. It is lowest in the headwaters, as well as patches near the creek's mouth, with a value of 69 to 90. Values of 91 to 104 occur in the northern part of the watershed, as well as in scattered patches in the western part.
1114:
had a station on Nescopeck Creek near the community of St. Johns. Two other stream gauging stations have been built on Nescopeck Creek. One of these stations, which was in use from 1949 to 1950 was in Nescopeck. The other, which was in use from 1963 to 1970, was 0.6 miles upstream of Nescopeck
895:
There are 910 miles (1,460 km) of roads in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. Forty percent of the creek's length is within 100 feet (30 m) of a road. Eighty-seven percent of Nescopeck Creek's length is within 332 feet (101 m) of a road. There are 286 miles (460 km) of roads in
505:
of 5. This makes up 8.7 miles (14.0 km) of the streams in the watershed. Most of Black Creek and almost all of Nescopeck Creek upstream of Black Creek has a Strahler number of 4. These make up 43.2 miles (69.5 km) of streams in the creek's watershed. Eight smaller tributaries in the
401:
in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. These are the Hazleton-Dekalb-Buchanan series, the Wellsboro-Oquaga-Morris series, the Leck Kill-Meckesville-Calvin series, the Udorthents-Urban Land-Volusia series, and the Lackawanna-Arnot-Morris series. There are also coal veins in the watershed. The creek
1039:
coal was discovered in 1813. Coal became an important industry for the Nescopeck Creek region by 1836 with the formation of the Hazleton Coal Company. In the 1830s and 1840s, a number of "patch towns" designed to attend mines were built in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. The population in the
1295:. The biodiversity of birds in the watershed is much greater than that of amphibians or reptiles; there are approximately one hundred different species of birds in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. A total of 29 mammals have been observed in the creek's watershed, including three species of
875:
or urban. Twenty-seven percent of the streams in the Nescopeck Creek watershed are near surface-mining operations and 73 percent are not. Most developed land tends to be located in the southern part of the watershed, while most undeveloped land is in the northern part of the watershed.
650:, the phosphorus level is considerably higher than the nitrogen level. Most phosphorus contributed to Nescopeck Creek comes from sub-watersheds instead of the main stem of the creek. The total amount of phosphorus in Nescopeck Creek is 16,259.5 kilograms (35,846 lb). Cropland and
1187:. Arbutus Peak is a 5,000-to-6,000-acre (2,000 to 2,400 ha) area at Nescopeck Creek's headwaters. Also, the Nescopeck Barrens are home to 15 rare species of plants and animals. The Nescopeck Creek valley also contains a number of rare species. The Edgewood vernal pools provide a
615:. The toxicity of aluminum to fish is increased by a water pH of below 4.5 to 6.5. There were also 0.65, 0.81, and 1.84 parts per million of iron in these sites, and 0.96, 1.15, 0.03, and 2.65 parts per million of manganese. There were 91.37, 114.27, and 274.1 milligrams per liter of
532:. Black Creek is the longest tributary of Nescopeck Creek, with a length of 24.1 miles (38.8 km). Reilly Creek is a tributary of Nescopeck Creek in the extreme east of the creek's watershed. Only 2 miles (3.2 km) long, it is the shortest named tributary of Nescopeck Creek.
854:
vegetation make up 11 to 12 percent of the creek's watershed. Additionally, there are scattered patches of mixed vegetation and annual herbaceous vegetation in the northwestern part of the Nescopeck Creek watershed. Four to seven percent of the Nescopeck Creek watershed consists of
1221:
Nescopeck Creek, as well as most of Black Creek had Class-D fishery waters. There were twenty species of fish in Nescopeck Creek in 1999. Of these, seventeen had been seen in the watershed before. However, since between a 1999 study of the watershed and the study before that, the
506:
watershed have Strahler number of three. These make up 14.5 miles (23.3 km) of the creek's watershed. A total of 25 streams in the creek's watershed have a Strahler number of 2. They make up 47.4 miles (76.3 km) of the creek's watershed. One hundred thirteen very small
718:
Nescopeck Creek is in the geological region known as the Ridge and Valley region. This region is characterized by fertile valleys and steep ridges. However, the eastern reaches of the Nescopeck Creek watershed are near the border of the Appalachian Plateau region.
595:
tributary of Nescopeck Creek, with a pH ranging from 6.9 to 7.2. Other relatively alkaline streams in the creek's watershed include Long Run (6.6), Reilly Creek (6.4), Long Hollow (6.4), Oley Creek (6.4), Conety Run (6.2), and Little Nescopeck Creek A (5.8 to 7).
972:
There were two major Native American trails in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. These were the Lehigh Path, which is also known as the Warrior Trail, and the Trade Trail. Parts of these trails would become Vine Street and Broad Street in Hazleton, respectively.
883:. A number of streams in the upper Nescopeck Creek watershed, in fact, have more than 80 percent forest coverage. Only 55 percent of the Black Creek watershed is covered by forest. Most sub-watersheds of Nescopeck Creek have only a small amount of
993:, when a group of Native Americans ambushed some soldiers on the Lehigh Path near Nescopeck Creek in 1780. The first mill was built in the Nescopeck Creek watershed in 1788. By 1791, there were four settlers along Nescopeck Creek. In 1795,
887:
land. However, the Cranberry Creek watershed contains 6.5 percent barren land, the Black Creek watershed contains 14 percent, and the Stony Creek watershed contains 30 percent. The Little Nescopeck Creek watershed contains 30 percent
667:
watershed are those of Little Nescopeck Creek A (3 to 8 milligrams per liter), Conety Run (5 milligrams per liter), and Oley Creek (7 milligrams per liter). However, the largest source of pollution in the Nescopeck Creek watershed is
900:
sub-watershed. There are 253 miles (407 km) of roads in the Black Creek sub-watershed. The Long Run and Little Nescopeck Creek sub-watersheds also contain close to 122 and 113 miles (196 and 182 km) of roads, respectively.
1171:, with the most diverse areas being Arbutus Peak, the Edgewood vernal pools, and the Nescopeck Creek valley. The creek's southeastern corner contains the highest density of amphibian species in its watershed. The highest density of
806:
in this series has been removed during mining operations. This soil series occurs in the southern part of the Nescopeck Creek watershed, near tributaries such as Black Creek and Stony Creek. The soils in this soil series are highly
1139:
living in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. Of these, 15 had been observed before in the watershed, and five had not. Nesopeck Creek and its various tributaries are rated Class A to Class D for wild trout. There are a number of
655:(0.1 percent) and mixed forest, contributing 28.3 kilograms (62 lb) (0.2 percent). Groundwater contributes 1,858.3 kilograms (4,097 lb) and septic systems contribute 135.1 kilograms (298 lb).
775:
Pocono Formation consists of conglomerate and sandstone and surrounds the Pottsville Formation. The rock formations are typically more varied in the northern and western part of the watershed than the southern part.
1074:
in the Nescopeck Creek watershed, was built. The last tunnel in this system was built in 1932. These tunnels drain more than 32 square miles (83 km), of which 13 square miles (34 km) contain coal basins.
686:
Values of 105 to 115 occur in the southern, southwestern, and part of the central part of the watershed. Some areas with values 116 and higher are scattered throughout the watershed except near the headwaters.
3815:
762:, siltstone, and shale. Buck Mountain, Mammoth Mountain, and Gamma Mountain are all carved out of the Llewellyn Formation and contain coal seams. The formation was once extensive but has been worn down by
578:. The dams range from 12 to 41 feet (3.7 to 12.5 m) in height and 340 to 1,500 feet (100 to 460 m) in length. Their drainage areas are between 0.6 and 8.41 square miles (1.6 and 21.8 km).
917:
have a slope of 3 to 8 percent. In both of the lines of hills, there are patches where the slope is 8 to 15 percent and in the northern line of hills, there is an area with a slope of over 15 percent.
3457:
494:
Nescopeck Creek has more than 200 miles (320 km) of tributaries. This consists of 111 miles (179 km) of named streams and 106 miles (171 km) of unnamed ones. Major streams include
607:
At these sites, the study also found averages of 1.7, 2.23, and 5.56 parts per million of aluminum, respectively. Concentrations of aluminium higher than 100 to 200 parts per million can cause
3956:
4174:
4163:
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was built on Nescopeck Creek. The most destructive flood on Nescopeck Creek occurred in 1850, when a dam on the creek was breached, killing 22 people. From 1858 to 1870 there was a
840:
Nescopeck Creek watershed, except for area near its source, is publicly owned. Thirteen percent of the land in the Nescopeck Creek watershed is owned by the state of Pennsylvania.
3949:
3472:
3222:
913:
of 0 to 3 percent. There are two major lines of hills in the watershed, one of which is in the northern part and the other of which is in the central part of the watershed. These
1426:
known as the Eagle Rock Resort is in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. Since the late 1990s, there have been plans to convert old railroad lines in the Nescopeck Creek watershed to
430:. It flows northwest for a short distance before passing through Olympus Pond and turning west. For the next several miles the creek continues in this direction, running through
3924:
3809:
1210:
is lower at its headwaters than at its confluence with Nescopeck Creek. Nescopeck Creek's HBI is from 1.7 to 5.4, depending on the site. In Nescopeck Creek, the total number of
3570:
3236:
2834:
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3918:
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434:#18 and receiving tributaries such as Reilly Creek and Little Nescopeck Creek A. Eventually, the creek passes the northwestern edge of Mount Yeager and continues into
802:
in the Nescopeck Creek watershed is the Hazleton-Dekalb-Buchanan series. Twenty-six percent of Nescopeck Creek's watershed contains this soil series. Much soil and
402:
discharges aluminum, iron, and manganese, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The pH of the streams in the Nescopeck Creek watershed range from 4.2 to 7.2. The main stem's
4074:
1585:
520:
of Nescopeck Creek. Its source is at the very northwestern edge of the creek's watershed, and it joins the main stem of Nescopeck Creek slightly downstream of
1275:
There are a total of 14 species of amphibians in the Nescopeck Creek watershed, of which 11 breed in the watershed. These species consist of 6 salamanders, 6
626:
per year are discharged from Nescopeck Creek. Thirty-three percent of this came from land, 60 percent from groundwater, and 6 percent from leaking
678:
per liter. Below Little Nescopeck Creek B, however, these values increase to 1260 micrograms per liter for iron and 7450 micrograms per liter for aluminum.
4312:
4302:
4135:
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4297:
4128:
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467:
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498:, two tributaries named Little Nescopeck Creek, Oley Creek, Creasy Creek, and Long Run. There are 13 named streams in the Nescopeck Creek watershed.
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was built on Nescopeck Creek the same year. A flood of Nescopeck Creek in 1786, known as the Pumpkin Flood, was noted for sweeping large numbers of
4101:
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1023:, gradually developed in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. This led to the creation of numerous communities in the Nescopeck Creek watershed, such as
994:
455:
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4358:
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1670:
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423:
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Much of the land in the Nescopeck Creek's watershed is forest. Farmland is common in the lower portions of the Nescopeck Creek watershed and the
139:
2602:
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at several sites ranges from 5 to 26. In Little Nescopeck Creek, the values range from 1 to 18. In Black Creek, the number ranges from 0 to 11.
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954:
521:
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of high quality. There are also seven natural areas in the creek's watershed, some of which contain rare species of plants and animals. On the
2607:(Spring 2002). Center for Watershed Stewardship Keystone Project. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University. Retrieved July 5, 2013.
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Above Little Nescopeck Creek B, Nescopeck Creek's iron concentration is 110 micrograms per liter and the creek's aluminum concentration is 40
570:
behind these dams have surface areas of 3 to 154 acres (1.2 to 62.3 ha). Nine of the dams in the Nescopeck Creek watershed are made from
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1183:. These are Arbutus Peak, Valmont Industrial Park, the Black Creek flats, the Humboldt barrens, the Nescopeck Creek valley, and the Edgewood
435:
924:
at Nescopeck Creek's mouth and along Nescopeck Creek for a few miles upstream is in the range of 490 to 659 feet (149 to 201 m) above
46:
3186:
1378:
forests occur on Arbutus Peak and several barren areas in the southern part of watershed. In this type of forest, pitch pine, scrub oak,
528:
is in the south of the watershed and is slightly longer than Little Nescopeck Creek A. Little Nescopeck Creek B joins Nescopeck Creek at
510:
in the Nescopeck Creek watershed have a Strahler number of 1. Such streams make up 104.7 miles (168.5 km) of the creek's watershed.
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and the Nescopeck Creek watershed contains 24 percent. Other sub-watersheds of Nescopeck Creek range from 2 to 13 percent farmland.
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ranged from 31.8 to 227 cubic feet per second (0.90 to 6.43 m/s) between 1919 and 1926. There are 10 dams in the watershed.
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470:, where it turns north and picks up the tributary Black Creek right before crossing Interstate 80 and flowing through a gap in
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on Nescopeck Creek, of which 80 percent consist of forest. Along parts of Nescopeck Creek, there are a large number of
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Creek's mouth. In the 1990s, some people were caught stealing Native American artifacts at the Nescopeck Creek headwaters.
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trees. Pine, hemlock, and some types of oak trees are found on the higher parts of this habitat. Lower to the ground are
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waste in Little Nescopeck Creek pollutes the lower reaches of Nesocpeck Creek. In 1999, a study discovered 20 species of
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426:, at the confluence of an outlet of Olympus Pond and Creasy Creek. The creek's source is also on the eastern edge of
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Eleven percent of Nescopeck Creek's watershed is made up of the Udorthents-Urban Land-Volusia series. There is some
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371:, Stony Creek, and Cranberry Creek. A 6-mile (10 km) portion of Nescopeck Creek is considered a cold-water
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of Pennsylvania. The meaning of the creek's name is "deep black waters". The waters of Nescopeck Creek have
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to Nescopeck Creek's watershed. In most parts of Nescopeck Creek and its tributaries, the concentration of
340:
110:
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discharged an average of 79.4 cubic feet per second (2.25 m/s) of water into Little Nescopeck Creek.
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rates in the Nescopeck Creek watershed due to the failing coal mining industry. From 1919 to 1926, the
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development over lands containing the soil series. Other areas where this soil series occurs have been
529:
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lived near the mouth of Nescopeck Creek. Other parts of the Nescopeck Creek watershed were settled by
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in the Nescopeck Creek watershed is the dry-oak mixed forest. Common trees in this habitat include
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458:. It continues west in this township, receiving the tributary Little Nescopeck Creek B, crossing
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Nescopeck Creek's watershed is 143 square miles (370 km) in area and lies in parts of three
376:
216:
826:. The limiting factor for plant growth in this series is the rocky surface and the depth of the
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1418:, and ten sites for water-based recreation, including Lake Francis in Nescopeck State Park. A
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These sites are considered poor to marginal habitats, with ratings of 56 and 96 respectively.
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word meaning "deep black waters". Historically, two tribes of Native Americans known as the
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Nescopeck Creek's source, but there is some of it in the central Nescopeck Creek watershed.
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2366:. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. p. vi. Archived from
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Annual Report of the Secretary of Internal Affairs of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1900
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in the watershed, of which five breed there. Five of these species are snakes and two are
450:. Continuing onwards, it passes the communities of Rumbels and St. Johns and then crosses
8:
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The Bird Community Index, a measure of the quality of a habitat based on the presence of
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501:
The portion of Nescopeck Creek from its mouth upstream to the mouth of Black Creek has a
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of 0 to 3 percent, although there are areas with a slope of 8 percent or more.
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in the creek's watershed. The habitats in the watershed primarily include mixed forest.
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1233:
1055:
in Nescopeck Creek were made. In 1885, a number of French Indian artifacts, which were
990:
696:
668:
471:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
4142:
4112:
4069:
3895:
3399:
3391:
3290:
3089:
2660:
2426:
2399:
1613:
1211:
1020:
884:
770:. This formation is 250 to 300 feet (76 to 91 m) thick, and is composed of gray
380:
336:
204:
1586:"Black Creek, Little Nescopeck Creek, and UNT Little Nescopeck Creek Watershed TMDS"
1559:
U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data.
985:, explored Native American trails in the Nescopeck Creek watershed. On these paths,
4292:
4002:
3755:
3576:
3547:
3334:
3324:
3002:
2951:
1583:
1503:
1387:
1379:
1360:
1320:
1056:
1012:
958:
844:
735:
592:
1236:
have been discovered in and around Nescopeck Creek. These consist of one genus of
4252:
4202:
4158:
4096:
3825:
3820:
3803:
3798:
3664:
3557:
3351:
3101:
2946:
2827:
2736:
2716:
1188:
1141:
1083:
766:
over millions of years. The Pottsville Formation also contains a large number of
601:
502:
2139:
The Historical Record of Wyoming Valley: A Compilation of Matters ..., Volume 13
989:
occasionally occurred between settlers and Native Americans. One example is the
879:
All sub-watersheds of the Nescopeck Creek watershed contain at least 50 percent
646:
is slightly lower than the concentration of nitrogen. However, at St. Johns and
482:
and entering the Susquehanna River on the border between Nescopeck Township and
4168:
4106:
3968:
3929:
3848:
3370:
3146:
3140:
3041:
2988:
2756:
2697:
2686:
1632:. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from
1237:
1222:
962:
950:
823:
723:
74:
4342:
4238:
4212:
4187:
4120:
4058:
3875:
3860:
3835:
3750:
3745:
3589:
3380:
3193:
3069:
2982:
2935:
2850:
2795:
2783:
1913:
1157:
1087:
742:. The Mauch Chunk Formation is associated with large amounts of high-quality
451:
439:
367:
watershed, while coal mines are more common on Nescopeck Creek's tributaries
245:
232:
168:
155:
90:
1522:
History of Luzerne, Lackawanna, and Wyoming Counties, Pa: With Illustrations
4287:
4245:
4064:
4010:
3774:
3375:
2888:
2856:
2763:
2731:
2629:
1544:
1383:
1336:
1328:
1207:
1180:
1168:
1107:
1103:
1095:
982:
929:
551:
344:
100:
379:, the streams in the watershed range from 0 to 18. There are 51 genera of
4192:
3830:
3600:
3339:
3008:
2840:
1560:
1407:
1390:, blueberry, and huckleberry are the most common shrubs in this habitat.
1340:
1257:
1184:
1128:
1124:
981:
In the early 1700s, some European settlers, who were granted warrants by
799:
743:
627:
608:
597:
398:
348:
306:
199:
1131:
near its source, but does not have much life further downstream because
703:. At its mouth, Nescopeck Creek carries 914.9 pounds (415.0 kg) of
4225:
3711:
3657:
3508:
3423:
1916:. Center for Watershed Stewardship, Pennsylvania State University. 2009
1750:. Center for Watershed Stewardship, Pennsylvania State University. 2002
1427:
1411:
1371:
1356:
1332:
1036:
864:
851:
819:
663:
643:
443:
438:. Here, the creek heads southwest at a more southerly angle, crossing
3416:
3319:
1422:, Eckley Miner's Village, is within the Nescopeck Creek watershed. A
1352:
1348:
1324:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1192:
1132:
1060:
1016:
1002:
925:
921:
897:
848:
787:
759:
751:
712:
682:
675:
567:
517:
332:
843:
Fifty-seven percent of the Nescopeck Creek watershed is composed of
4282:
1584:
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (May 2, 2005).
1364:
1226:
1203:
1149:
1099:
1044:
986:
889:
872:
860:
779:
Catskill Formation is grayish-red shale, siltstone, and sandstone.
704:
623:
454:. Several miles later, the creek leaves Butler Township and enters
2361:"Management options: Improve water quality in the Nescopeck Creek"
2245:
1152:. In the Nescopeck Creek watershed, there are prolific forests of
30:
1805:, Fishing Creek Sportsman Association, p. 13, archived from
1316:
1288:
1048:
1006:
998:
827:
803:
767:
763:
616:
575:
463:
372:
4046:
3883:
3620:
3278:
3077:
2675:
746:. This formation consists of a 3,000-foot (910 m) layer of
600:
are able to tolerate pHs down to 4.8 and the ideal pH range for
446:. A few miles later, the creek turns west-southwest and crosses
2618:
1665:
1423:
1292:
1265:
1245:
1241:
1094:
passed over Nescopeck Creek in the beginning of the 1900s. The
1071:
880:
856:
700:
651:
631:
507:
474:. In the gap, the creek crosses from Black Creek Township into
387:
2523:
2521:
1172:
1161:
1145:
1052:
914:
910:
868:
783:
747:
391:
2198:
2196:
2116:
2114:
1864:
1862:
1860:
867:. A total of 95 percent of the Nescopeck Creek watershed is
1300:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1214:
1136:
755:
708:
639:
635:
612:
571:
2518:
1518:
418:
Nescopeck Creek not far from its mouth, looking downstream
2193:
2135:
2111:
1857:
1446:, next tributary of the Susquehanna River going downriver
1304:
1296:
1269:
1167:
The entire Nescopeck Creek watershed has a high level of
1153:
1102:
in the 20th century, emptied into Nescopeck Creek. After
1079:
699:
is near Nescopeck Creek. Nescopeck Creek has a number of
563:
1086:
in 1972. In the early 1900s, there was a steam-electric
61:
Location of the mouth of Nescopeck Creek in Pennsylvania
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1452:, next tributary of the Susquehanna River going upriver
587:
357:
1229:
fish had vanished from the Nescopeck Creek watershed.
909:
Most of the Nescopeck Creek watershed is flat, with a
478:, where it meanders northwest, passing the borough of
2131:
2129:
1799:
Fishing Creek Watershed: Coldwater Conservation Plan
1566:
1430:. One such plan is to link the Hazleton area to the
2425:. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 69.
2325:. State Printer of Pennsylvania. 1903. p. 166.
2262:
2252:. Observer-Rygiel Publishing Co. 1973. p. 343.
722:Nescopeck Creek's watershed contains several major
466:. After a number of miles, the creek meanders into
1179:In the Nescopeck Creek watershed, there are seven
659:in the watershed does not release any phosphorus.
630:. Its Black Creek tributary adds toxic amounts of
574:-fill. The tenth is an unnamed dam constructed of
2398:. Wilderness Adventures Press, Inc. p. 247.
2294:. Mountain Top Historical Society. Archived from
2126:
1491:. United States Geological Survey. August 2, 1979
4340:
2418:
1868:
1791:
1789:
2472:
1795:
944:
622:A total of 318 metric tons (351 short tons) of
442:, receiving Oley Creek, and passing an area of
424:Dennison Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
2221:The Register of Pennsylvania, Volume VI, No. 7
2142:. Press of the Wilkes-Barre Record. p. 44
1432:Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor
1176:watershed is at Nescopeck Creek's headwaters.
1070:In 1891 the first part of the Jeddo Tunnel, a
2645:
2214:
1885:
1786:
2659:
2604:Nescopeck Creek Watershed Stewardship Report
2391:
2246:Paul W. Warnagiris, John J. Rygiel (1973).
1739:
1737:
1735:
1063:, were discovered along Nescopeck Creek in
619:in the waters of Nescopeck at these sites.
2652:
2638:
2496:
2494:
2479:. The Arthur H. Clark Company. p. 116
2444:
2442:
2289:"The Wilkes-Barre & Hazzleton Railway"
2183:
2181:
2017:
2015:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1945:
1943:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1722:
1720:
1695:
1693:
1051:on Nescopeck Creek. In 1828, plans for a
2476:Travels in the interior of North America
2269:. Department of the Interior. p. 23
1875:. S. B. Nelson and Company. p. 611.
1732:
1082:on Nescopeck Creek was destroyed during
976:
413:
2491:
2439:
2178:
2136:Frederick Charles Johnson, ed. (1905).
2012:
1967:
1940:
1816:
1717:
1690:
1525:. Press of George McNamara. p. 323
53:
4359:Rivers of Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
4341:
2215:Samuel Hazard, ed. (August 14, 1830).
1888:"Agent's Report to Temperance Society"
1479:
1477:
1475:
581:
2633:
2422:Down the Susquehana to the Chesapeake
1555:
1553:
1547:search using GNIS source coordinates.
1537:
1382:and chestnut oak are the main trees.
1090:at the mouth of Nescopeck Creek. The
4354:Tributaries of the Susquehanna River
949:Nescopeck Creek's name comes from a
711:, and 1,127 pounds (511 kg) of
681:The vulnerability of groundwater to
566:on Nescopeck Creek's watershed. The
318:1 cu ft/s (0.028 m/s)
305:Nescopeck, 0 miles (0 km) from
1886:Samuel Hazard, ed. (July 4, 1829).
1519:W.W. Munsell & Company (1880).
1489:Geographic Names Information System
1472:
1001:at the mouth of Nescopeck Creek. A
331:is a 37.5-mile-long (60.4 km)
13:
2395:Flyfisher's Guide to the Big Apple
1550:
1370:In the Nescopeck Creek watershed,
16:Tributary of the Susquehanna River
14:
4370:
2611:
1092:Wilkes-Barre and Hazleton Railway
611:of fish by accumulating in their
586:In 2005, a study was done on the
283:143 sq mi (370 km)
4047:
3884:
3621:
3279:
3078:
2676:
2617:
1106:, there was a large increase in
707:, 1,285 pounds (583 kg) of
77:word meaning "deep black waters"
52:
45:
35:Partially frozen Nescopeck Creek
29:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2545:
2533:
2506:
2466:
2454:
2412:
2385:
2353:
2341:
2329:
2313:
2281:
2256:
2239:
2227:
2217:"Description of Luzerne County"
2208:
2166:
2154:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2051:
2039:
2027:
2000:
1988:
1955:
1928:
1906:
1879:
1845:
1833:
1796:Matthew Oppdyke (August 2011),
1774:
1762:
1705:
1667:United States Geological Survey
1444:Briar Creek (Susquehanna River)
1112:United States Geological Survey
360:as low as 3.6 in some studies.
2964:Mahantango Cr (Snyder County).
2596:
1869:Henry C. Bradsby, ed. (1893).
1659:
1648:
1622:
1602:
1543:Source elevation derived from
1456:List of rivers of Pennsylvania
695:watershed of Nescopeck Creek.
489:
224: • coordinates
147: • coordinates
1:
4319:Streams shown as: Tributaries
3304:West Branch Chillisquaque Cr.
3271:West Branch Susquehanna River
1466:
1416:Pennsylvania State Game Lands
1397:
1331:. This habitat also contains
1287:. There are seven species of
871:. The remaining 5 percent is
432:Pennsylvania State Game Lands
117:Physical characteristics
2263:G. Sherburne Rogers (1921).
1892:The Register of Pennsylvania
1232:A large number of genera of
1043:In 1830, a forge which made
945:Native American inhabitation
834:
540:
535:
263: • elevation
186: • elevation
7:
1745:"Appendix A: Species Lists"
1437:
1310:
1123:Nescopeck Creek is home to
662:Stony Creek's water is the
301: • location
275:37.5 mi (60.4 km)
212: • location
135: • location
10:
4375:
3633:West Branch Susquehanna R.
2266:Helium-Bearing Natural Gas
1914:"Nescopeck Creek Overview"
1118:
939:
904:
689:
422:Nescopeck Creek begins in
314: • minimum
190:1,154 ft (352 m)
4278:
4039:
3874:
3613:
3269:
3217:Frankstown Br. Juniata R.
3068:
2668:
2419:John H. Brubaker (2002).
1872:History of Luzerne County
1563:, accessed August 8, 2011
1009:downstream on the creek.
409:
322:
312:
299:
291:
287:
279:
271:
261:
222:
210:
198:
194:
184:
145:
133:
125:
121:
116:
106:
96:
86:
81:
69:
40:
28:
23:
3650:South Branch Roaring Cr.
3614:Middle Susquehanna River
2878:Lower Little Swatara Cr.
2473:Maximilian Wied (1905).
1655:Stewardship Report, p. 2
1359:in this habitat include
793:
526:Little Nescopeck Creek B
514:Little Nescopeck Creek A
267:479 ft (146 m)
4040:Upper Susquehanna River
3705:East Branch Fishing Cr.
3697:West Branch Fishing Cr.
3167:Raystown Br. Juniata R.
3055:West Br. Susquehanna R.
2669:Lower Susquehanna River
2249:The Great Flood of 1972
969:and European settlers.
557:
545:From 1919 to 1926, the
377:Hilsenhoff Biotic Index
4349:Rivers of Pennsylvania
4265:Otsego Lake (New York)
3741:Little Wapwallopen Cr.
1630:"Nescopeck State Park"
1612:, Seneca Press, 2004.
1355:and other plants. The
657:Point source pollution
448:Pennsylvania Route 309
419:
365:Little Nescopeck Creek
347:. The creek is in the
3583:Little Clearfield Cr.
1636:on September 27, 2011
1303:, and two species of
1197:Jefferson salamanders
977:European inhabitation
728:Mauch Chunk Formation
462:, and making several
460:Pennsylvania Route 93
417:
246:41.05111°N 76.23167°W
169:41.08750°N 75.84139°W
3730:Little Nescopeck Cr.
3438:West Branch Pine Cr.
3365:Little Loyalsock Cr.
2743:Little Conestoga Cr.
2626:at Wikimedia Commons
2392:Tom Gilmore (2011).
1461:Nescopeck State Park
1403:Nescopeck State Park
963:Lenni Lenape Indians
740:Pottsville Formation
468:Black Creek Township
397:There are five main
4328:(subsubtributaries)
3736:Big Wapwallopen Cr.
3564:Black Moshannon Cr.
3330:White Deer Hole Cr.
3154:Little Aughwick Cr.
3048:Little Shamokin Cr.
2894:Yellow Breeches Cr.
2821:Little Conewago Cr.
1679:on October 31, 2013
1268:, and one genus of
782:A total of 246,594
732:Llewellyn Formation
582:pH and contaminants
251:41.05111; -76.23167
242: /
174:41.08750; -75.84139
165: /
3683:Little Fishing Cr.
3458:Little Fishing Cr.
3207:Standing Stone Cr.
3129:Kishacoquillas Cr.
2996:Little Mahanoy Cr.
2871:Little Swatara Cr.
2790:Little Chiques Cr.
2588:Stewardship Report
2576:Stewardship Report
2564:Stewardship Report
2552:Stewardship Report
2540:Stewardship Report
2528:Stewardship Report
2513:Stewardship Report
2501:Stewardship Report
2461:Stewardship Report
2449:Stewardship Report
2348:Stewardship Report
2336:Stewardship Report
2234:Stewardship Report
2203:Stewardship Report
2188:Stewardship Report
2173:Stewardship Report
2161:Stewardship Report
2121:Stewardship Report
2106:Stewardship Report
2094:Stewardship Report
2082:Stewardship Report
2070:Stewardship Report
2058:Stewardship Report
2046:Stewardship Report
2034:Stewardship Report
2022:Stewardship Report
2007:Stewardship Report
1995:Stewardship Report
1983:Stewardship Report
1962:Stewardship Report
1950:Stewardship Report
1935:Stewardship Report
1852:Stewardship Report
1840:Stewardship Report
1828:Stewardship Report
1781:Stewardship Report
1769:Stewardship Report
1727:Stewardship Report
1712:Stewardship Report
1700:Stewardship Report
1420:tourist attraction
1234:macroinvertebrates
1098:, which drained a
991:Sugarloaf Massacre
896:Nescopeck Creek's
697:Sugarloaf Mountain
669:acid mine drainage
476:Nescopeck Township
472:Nescopeck Mountain
456:Sugarloaf Township
420:
381:macroinvertebrates
353:difficulty ratings
4336:
4335:
4274:
4273:
4208:Cherry Valley Cr.
4035:
4034:
3870:
3869:
3793:Nine Partners Cr.
3609:
3608:
3522:Sinnemahoning Cr.
3493:Tangascootack Cr.
3298:Chillisquaque Cr.
3265:
3264:
3243:Little Juniata R.
3161:Sideling Hill Cr.
3064:
3063:
2912:Middle Spring Cr.
2864:Quittapahilla Cr.
2661:Susquehanna River
2622:Media related to
2405:978-1-932098-83-9
1610:Keystone Canoeing
1608:Gertler, Edward.
1485:"Nescopeck Creek"
1365:wild strawberries
1299:, two species of
1212:macroinvertebrate
1065:Dennison Township
1059:casts for making
337:Susquehanna River
326:
325:
205:Susquehanna River
140:Dennison Township
4366:
4329:
4324:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4184:
4177:
4145:
4138:
4136:Genegantslet Cr.
4131:
4124:
4115:
4088:
4051:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4005:
3998:
3989:
3980:
3971:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3921:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3851:
3844:
3812:
3795:
3788:
3771:
3764:
3732:
3725:
3708:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3661:
3652:
3625:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3592:
3585:
3573:
3566:
3548:Birch Island Run
3544:
3542:Driftwood Branch
3537:
3530:
3518:
3511:
3498:Young Womans Cr.
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3452:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3403:
3394:
3367:
3360:
3348:
3346:Little Muncy Cr.
3306:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3258:
3251:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3173:Great Trough Cr.
3163:
3156:
3149:
3137:
3115:
3113:East Licking Cr.
3082:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3050:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2979:
2972:
2960:
2921:
2914:
2906:Conodoguinet Cr.
2902:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2846:Conewago Cr. (E)
2837:
2830:
2823:
2815:Conewago Cr. (W)
2811:
2804:
2792:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2713:
2706:
2680:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2621:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2301:on March 2, 2014
2300:
2293:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2191:
2185:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2133:
2124:
2118:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1866:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1804:
1793:
1784:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1730:
1724:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1675:, archived from
1663:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1626:
1620:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1591:. Archived from
1590:
1581:
1564:
1561:The National Map
1557:
1548:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1516:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1481:
1388:black chokeberry
1321:northern red oak
1315:The most common
1142:riparian buffers
1057:Plaster of Paris
1035:. Additionally,
1013:Light industries
959:Delaware Indians
845:deciduous forest
798:The most common
736:Pocono Formation
726:. These are the
315:
302:
257:
256:
254:
253:
252:
247:
243:
240:
239:
238:
235:
187:
180:
179:
177:
176:
175:
170:
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
148:
136:
56:
55:
49:
33:
21:
20:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4270:
4253:Canadarago Lake
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4180:
4173:
4141:
4134:
4129:Canasawacta Cr.
4127:
4118:
4111:
4084:
4070:Wappasening Cr.
4048:
4031:
4024:
4017:
4008:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3974:
3967:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3917:
3885:
3866:
3847:
3840:
3808:
3791:
3784:
3780:Tunkhannock Cr.
3767:
3760:
3728:
3721:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3655:
3648:
3622:
3605:
3588:
3581:
3569:
3562:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3514:
3507:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3455:
3448:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3406:
3397:
3392:Little Pine Cr.
3390:
3363:
3356:
3344:
3302:
3280:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3133:
3111:
3079:
3060:
3046:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2975:
2968:
2956:
2917:
2910:
2898:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2807:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2709:
2702:
2677:
2664:
2658:
2624:Nescopeck Creek
2614:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2373:on July 5, 2013
2370:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2261:
2257:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2213:
2209:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2032:
2028:
2020:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1884:
1880:
1867:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1817:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1733:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1588:
1582:
1567:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1473:
1469:
1440:
1412:community parks
1400:
1313:
1264:, 10 genera of
1252:, 11 genera of
1244:, 11 genera of
1240:, one genus of
1189:breeding ground
1121:
1084:Hurricane Agnes
979:
947:
942:
907:
837:
796:
724:rock formations
692:
604:is 6.5 to 9.0.
602:freshwater fish
584:
560:
543:
538:
503:Strahler number
492:
484:Columbia County
436:Butler Township
412:
329:Nescopeck Creek
313:
300:
264:
250:
248:
244:
241:
236:
233:
231:
229:
228:
225:
213:
185:
173:
171:
167:
164:
159:
156:
154:
152:
151:
146:
134:
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
57:
36:
24:Nescopeck Creek
17:
12:
11:
5:
4372:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4323:subtributaries
4320:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4303:Municipalities
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4262:
4257:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4223:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4143:Sangerfield R.
4139:
4132:
4125:
4116:
4113:Tioughnioga R.
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4054:
4052:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4006:
3999:
3990:
3981:
3972:
3965:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3896:Susquehanna R.
3891:
3889:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3857:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3700:
3693:
3690:Huntington Cr.
3686:
3679:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3653:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3628:
3626:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3577:Clearfield Cr.
3574:
3567:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3535:Bennett Branch
3531:
3524:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3453:
3446:
3444:Bald Eagle Cr.
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3409:Blockhouse Cr.
3404:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3342:
3337:
3335:Black Hole Cr.
3332:
3327:
3325:White Deer Cr.
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3291:Susquehanna R.
3286:
3284:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3256:Bald Eagle Cr.
3252:
3245:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3138:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3090:Susquehanna R.
3085:
3083:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3006:
3003:Shenandoah Cr.
2999:
2992:
2985:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2961:
2954:
2952:Mahantango Cr.
2949:
2944:
2939:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2817:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2687:Chesapeake Bay
2683:
2681:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2613:
2612:External links
2610:
2609:
2608:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2517:
2505:
2490:
2465:
2453:
2438:
2431:
2411:
2404:
2384:
2352:
2340:
2328:
2312:
2280:
2255:
2238:
2226:
2223:. p. 137.
2207:
2192:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2125:
2110:
2098:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1966:
1954:
1939:
1927:
1905:
1878:
1856:
1844:
1832:
1815:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1731:
1716:
1704:
1689:
1658:
1647:
1621:
1601:
1598:on 2013-07-05.
1565:
1549:
1536:
1502:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1436:
1399:
1396:
1312:
1309:
1260:, 2 genera of
1256:, 6 genera of
1248:, 8 genera of
1238:segmented worm
1223:brown bullhead
1120:
1117:
995:Samuel Mifflin
978:
975:
946:
943:
941:
938:
915:lines of hills
906:
903:
836:
833:
795:
792:
691:
688:
583:
580:
562:There are ten
559:
556:
542:
539:
537:
534:
491:
488:
411:
408:
341:Luzerne County
324:
323:
320:
319:
316:
310:
309:
303:
297:
296:
293:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
277:
276:
273:
269:
268:
265:
262:
259:
258:
226:
223:
220:
219:
214:
211:
208:
207:
202:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
182:
181:
149:
143:
142:
137:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
79:
78:
71:
67:
66:
60:
51:
50:
44:
43:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4371:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4326:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4213:Burditt Brook
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4203:Schenevus Cr.
4201:
4199:
4198:Charlotte Cr.
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4175:Butternut Cr.
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4159:Starrucca Cr.
4157:
4155:
4154:Salt Lick Cr.
4152:
4150:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4097:Nanticoke Cr.
4095:
4093:
4092:Apalachin Cr.
4090:
4087:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4004:
4003:Cowanesque R.
4000:
3996:
3995:Canacadea Cr.
3991:
3987:
3982:
3978:
3977:Tuscarora Cr.
3973:
3970:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3876:Chemung River
3873:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Wyalusing Cr.
3824:
3822:
3821:Sugar Run Cr.
3819:
3817:
3816:Tuscarora Cr.
3814:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:Meshoppen Cr.
3802:
3800:
3799:Mehoopany Cr.
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3769:Roaring Brook
3766:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:Lackawanna R.
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3717:Nescopeck Cr.
3715:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3665:Catawissa Cr.
3663:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3590:Beaverdam Run
3587:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:Moshannon Cr.
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:Loyalsock Cr.
3350:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:Beaverdam Br.
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3107:Tuscarora Cr.
3105:
3103:
3102:Cocolamus Cr.
3100:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3070:Juniata River
3067:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2947:Wiconisco Cr.
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:Bermudian Cr.
2825:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:Conowingo Cr.
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2589:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2560:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2478:
2477:
2469:
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452:Interstate 81
449:
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440:Interstate 80
437:
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91:United States
89:
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80:
76:
72:
68:
48:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4288:Pennsylvania
4164:Kelsey Brook
4102:Choconut Cr.
4086:Catatonk Cr.
4057:
3986:Bennetts Cr.
3957:Fivemile Cr.
3950:Campbell Cr.
3894:
3859:
3849:Schrader Cr.
3762:Spring Brook
3716:
3639:Mahoning Cr.
3631:
3596:Anderson Cr.
3553:Mosquito Cr.
3371:Lycoming Cr.
3289:
3147:Blacklog Cr.
3141:Aughwick Cr.
3088:
3053:
3042:Shamokin Cr.
2989:Schwaben Cr.
2934:
2930:Shermans Cr.
2900:Mountain Cr.
2771:(Middle Cr.)
2764:(Hammer Cr.)
2757:Cocalico Cr.
2737:Conestoga R.
2698:Octoraro Cr.
2603:
2587:
2583:
2575:
2571:
2563:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2527:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2481:. Retrieved
2475:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2448:
2421:
2414:
2394:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2368:the original
2355:
2350:, pp. 59, 60
2347:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2296:the original
2283:
2271:. Retrieved
2265:
2258:
2248:
2241:
2233:
2229:
2220:
2210:
2202:
2187:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2144:. Retrieved
2138:
2120:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2089:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2006:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1934:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1908:
1896:. Retrieved
1894:. p. 60
1891:
1881:
1871:
1851:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1827:
1807:the original
1798:
1780:
1776:
1768:
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1726:
1714:, pp. 57, 59
1711:
1707:
1699:
1681:, retrieved
1677:the original
1671:
1661:
1654:
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:the original
1624:
1609:
1604:
1593:the original
1545:Google Earth
1539:
1527:. Retrieved
1521:
1493:. Retrieved
1488:
1408:golf courses
1401:
1392:
1386:, teaberry,
1384:Bracken fern
1369:
1329:chestnut oak
1314:
1274:
1262:helgrammites
1231:
1219:
1208:biodiversity
1201:
1185:vernal pools
1178:
1169:biodiversity
1166:
1122:
1108:unemployment
1104:World War II
1096:Jeddo Tunnel
1077:
1069:
1042:
1011:
983:William Penn
980:
971:
955:Fork Indians
948:
934:
919:
908:
894:
878:
842:
838:
817:
813:
797:
781:
777:
772:conglomerate
721:
717:
693:
680:
673:
661:
628:septic tanks
621:
606:
585:
568:impoundments
561:
552:Jeddo Tunnel
544:
530:Sybertsville
522:Olympus Pond
512:
500:
493:
428:Mount Yeager
421:
396:
385:
362:
345:Pennsylvania
328:
327:
129:Olympus Pond
101:Pennsylvania
18:
4239:Phinney Cr.
4218:Black Brook
4188:Ouleout Cr.
4182:Wharton Cr.
4169:Unadilla R.
4107:Chenango R.
4019:Crooked Cr.
3969:Canisteo R.
3930:Cohocton R.
3925:Newtown Cr.
3908:Bentley Cr.
3903:Baldwin Cr.
3836:Towanda Cr.
3786:Martins Cr.
3751:Solomon Cr.
3746:Harveys Cr.
3676:Hemlock Cr.
3670:Fishing Cr.
3644:Roaring Cr.
3487:Wallace Run
3450:Fishing Cr.
3310:Buffalo Cr.
3194:Dunning Cr.
3097:Buffalo Cr.
3036:Sinking Cr.
2983:Mahanoy Cr.
2970:(North Br.)
2851:Swatara Cr.
2835:(South Br.)
2796:Codorus Cr.
2784:Chiques Cr.
2597:Works cited
2451:, pp. 86–88
1985:, pp. 36–38
1672:luzerne.jpg
1450:Salem Creek
1428:rail trails
1357:wildflowers
1341:huckleberry
1337:black birch
1258:dragonflies
1254:caddisflies
1250:stone flies
1129:brook trout
1125:brown trout
1025:White Haven
865:gravel pits
847:. Areas of
800:soil series
784:metric tons
744:groundwater
609:suffocation
598:Brook trout
496:Black Creek
490:Tributaries
444:strip mines
399:soil series
369:Black Creek
349:Coal Region
249: /
172: /
4343:Categories
4246:Lidell Cr.
4121:Otselic R.
4065:Cayuta Cr.
4059:Chemung R.
4011:Troups Cr.
3913:Seeley Cr.
3861:Chemung R.
3775:Bowman Cr.
3712:Kinney Run
3658:Mugser Run
3528:First Fork
3509:Cross Fork
3503:Kettle Cr.
3480:Spring Cr.
3376:Larrys Cr.
3249:Spruce Cr.
3230:Clover Cr.
3212:Shaver Cr.
3201:(Bobs Cr.)
3180:Yellow Cr.
3015:Middle Cr.
2977:(West Br.)
2942:Powell Cr.
2936:Juniata R.
2889:Paxton Cr.
2884:Spring Cr.
2857:Manada Cr.
2809:(East Br.)
2732:Pequea Cr.
2432:0271046651
2190:, p. xviii
2163:, pp. 6, 7
1467:References
1414:, and two
1398:Recreation
1372:pitch pine
1361:wild onion
1283:, and one
1193:wood frogs
1061:sculptures
1037:anthracite
1015:, such as
987:skirmishes
852:herbaceous
788:short tons
738:, and the
676:micrograms
644:phosphorus
280:Basin size
237:76°13′54″W
234:41°03′04″N
160:75°50′29″W
157:41°05′15″N
4308:Crossings
4222:Chase Cr.
4193:Otego Cr.
4149:Snake Cr.
4080:Owego Cr.
3936:Meads Cr.
3919:South Cr.
3855:Sugar Cr.
3842:South Br.
3831:Wysox Cr.
3810:White Cr.
3723:Black Cr.
3601:Chest Cr.
3571:Trout Run
3473:Marsh Cr.
3466:Beech Cr.
3431:Marsh Cr.
3417:Slate Run
3400:Texas Cr.
3381:Antes Cr.
3340:Muncy Cr.
3320:Drury Run
3315:Muddy Run
3237:Piney Cr.
3187:Brush Cr.
3135:Honey Cr.
3124:Jacks Cr.
3029:(Elk Cr.)
3009:Penns Cr.
2925:Clark Cr.
2919:Muddy Run
2841:Conoy Cr.
2802:South Br.
2778:Muddy Cr.
2727:Muddy Cr.
2722:Broad Cr.
1952:pp. 34–35
1830:pp. 69–71
1380:black oak
1376:scrub oak
1349:blueberry
1325:white oak
1204:songbirds
1150:oak trees
1133:coal mine
1017:lumbering
1003:gristmill
926:sea level
922:elevation
898:main stem
849:perennial
835:Watershed
809:permeable
786:(271,823
760:sandstone
752:sandstone
715:per day.
713:manganese
683:pollution
648:Conyngham
547:discharge
541:Discharge
536:Hydrology
518:tributary
480:Nescopeck
404:discharge
333:tributary
292:Discharge
217:Nescopeck
70:Etymology
4298:Counties
4293:New York
4283:Maryland
4267:(source)
4256:(source)
4226:Oaks Cr.
4075:Pipe Cr.
4026:Mill Cr.
3963:Tioga R.
3516:Lick Run
3424:Babb Cr.
3386:Pine Cr.
3119:Lost Cr.
3022:Pine Cr.
2958:Pine Cr.
2750:Mill Cr.
2711:East Br.
2704:West Br.
2693:Deer Cr.
2590:, p. 119
2578:, p. 118
2566:, p. 115
2554:, p. 102
2530:, p. 129
2305:June 28,
2273:June 28,
2146:June 28,
1842:, p. xxi
1683:June 15,
1669:(1980),
1640:June 28,
1529:June 28,
1438:See also
1353:hawthorn
1345:teaberry
1311:Habitats
1289:reptiles
1246:mayflies
1227:bluegill
1225:and the
1158:chestnut
1100:colliery
1045:bar iron
1033:Hazleton
1029:Freeland
1007:pumpkins
997:built a
967:Iroquois
957:and the
890:farmland
873:suburban
861:quarries
768:aquifers
705:aluminum
652:quarries
624:nitrogen
617:sulfates
593:alkaline
464:meanders
388:counties
82:Location
4260:Red Cr.
4232:Fly Cr.
3943:Mud Cr.
3899:(mouth)
3358:Elk Cr.
3294:(mouth)
3093:(mouth)
2689:(mouth)
2542:, p. 99
2503:, p. 93
2483:July 3,
2463:, p. 97
2377:July 3,
2338:, p. 21
2236:, p. 80
2205:, p. 11
2123:, p. 58
2084:, p. 39
2072:, p. 27
2060:, p. 43
2036:, p. 52
2024:, p. 41
2009:, p. 53
1997:, p. 26
1920:July 3,
1898:July 3,
1854:, p. 42
1771:, p. 60
1754:July 3,
1729:, p. 88
1702:, p. 57
1495:July 4,
1317:habitat
1293:turtles
1266:beetles
1242:sowbugs
1164:trees.
1162:hemlock
1119:Biology
1049:tannery
1021:tanning
999:sawmill
940:History
905:Terrain
828:bedrock
804:bedrock
764:erosion
690:Geology
671:(AMD).
664:hardest
576:masonry
572:earthen
516:is one
508:streams
373:fishery
335:of the
111:Luzerne
87:Country
73:From a
2663:system
2515:p. 134
2429:
2402:
2175:, p. 8
1616:
1424:resort
1410:, two
1351:, and
1327:, and
1279:, one
1160:, and
1148:-like
1072:tunnel
1031:, and
951:Lenape
930:source
885:barren
881:forest
863:, and
754:, and
734:, the
730:, the
701:rapids
638:, and
632:copper
410:Course
295:
272:Length
126:Source
107:County
75:Lenape
2371:(PDF)
2364:(PDF)
2299:(PDF)
2292:(PDF)
2108:p. 68
2096:p. 67
2048:p. 72
1964:p. 71
1937:p. 30
1810:(PDF)
1803:(PDF)
1783:p. 96
1748:(PDF)
1596:(PDF)
1589:(PDF)
1305:foxes
1277:frogs
1173:snake
1146:shrub
1053:canal
911:slope
869:rural
857:mines
820:urban
794:Soils
748:shale
613:gills
591:most
392:slope
307:mouth
200:Mouth
97:State
4313:Dams
2485:2013
2427:ISBN
2400:ISBN
2379:2013
2307:2013
2275:2013
2148:2013
1922:2013
1900:2013
1756:2013
1685:2014
1642:2013
1614:ISBN
1531:2013
1497:2013
1363:and
1335:and
1333:gray
1301:mice
1297:bats
1285:toad
1281:newt
1215:taxa
1195:and
1191:for
1137:fish
1127:and
1019:and
920:The
756:silt
709:iron
640:zinc
636:lead
564:dams
558:Dams
1270:fly
1154:oak
1080:dam
339:in
4345::
2520:^
2493:^
2441:^
2219:.
2195:^
2180:^
2128:^
2113:^
2014:^
1969:^
1942:^
1890:.
1859:^
1818:^
1788:^
1734:^
1719:^
1692:^
1568:^
1552:^
1505:^
1487:.
1474:^
1434:.
1374:–
1367:.
1347:,
1343:,
1323:,
1307:.
1272:.
1199:.
1156:,
1078:A
1067:.
1027:,
859:,
811:.
750:,
634:,
588:pH
524:.
486:.
358:pH
343:,
4123:)
4119:(
4013:)
4009:(
3997:)
3993:(
3988:)
3984:(
3979:)
3975:(
3707:)
3703:(
3660:)
3656:(
3460:)
3456:(
3411:)
3407:(
3402:)
3398:(
2653:e
2646:t
2639:v
2487:.
2435:.
2408:.
2381:.
2309:.
2277:.
2150:.
1924:.
1902:.
1758:.
1644:.
1533:.
1499:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.