2314:
779:
2465:
397:
1323:
would exploit the success passing though the Golani's lines and seize the town itself. The Golani attack to the north made good progress - despite the
Alexandronis failing to execute their feint - and took a series of hills, villages and police posts en route to Nablus. The Iraqi defenders responded slowly and Israeli infantry repeatedly occupied key positions before Iraqi armoured car battalions arrived. The Golanis outmaneuvered the Iraqi forces in a series of skirmishes, outflanking and mauling them before they could retreat on multiple occasions. The Iraqis kept launching determined attacks against positions already occupied by the Israelis who, by then dug in, easily threw them back. The Israelis were now in a good position to assault Jenin.
2952:
1351:, was keen to upgrade the Iraqi Army as part of a wider effort to defend against a feared Soviet invasion in the event of war. A British MELF advisory team was dispatched there in November–December 1950. The team estimated that Iraqi's forces of the time, two divisions and a mechanized brigade, but deemed ill-equipped and 'not up to establishment' would have to be increased, and a total of four divisions, three additional brigades, and more artillery units would be needed. The shortage of trained technical personnel was 'grave,' and the Iraqis were 'incapable of maintaining even the limited equipment already in their possession.' In January 1951 the British
2860:
3211:
1600:
two mechanised infantry divisions with ten more forming ("several are probably already operational"). The first new divisions were created in 1981 when the 11th and 12th Border Guard
Divisions were converted into infantry formations and the 14th Infantry Division was formed. Yet the rise in number of divisions is misleading, because during the war Iraqi divisions abandoned a standard organisation with permanent ('organic') brigades assigned to each division. Instead division headquarters were assigned a mission or sector and then assigned brigades to carry out the task - up to eight to ten brigades on some occasions.
2448:. At the time, the IFGC was commanded by Lt. Gen. Abdul-Qadar. In 2006 the ten planned divisions began to be certified and assume battlespace responsibility: the 6th and 8th before June 26, 2006, the 9th on June 26, 2006, the 5th on July 3, 2006, the 4th on August 8, 2006, and the 2nd on December 21, 2006. After divisions were certified, they began to be transferred from U.S. operational control to Iraqi control of the IGFC. The 8th Division was transferred on September 7, 2006, and the 3rd Division on December 1, 2006. Another unspecified division also was transferred to IGFC control. Also transferred to the Iraqi
2556:, people affiliated with terrorist organizations, and anyone with human rights violations or crimes against humanity were prohibited from entering the new army. However the army was infiltrated by a multitude of groups ranging from local militias to foreign insurgents. This has led to highly publicized deaths and compromised operations (perhaps the most prominent being the attack on a US military base near Mosul in December 2004. More than 20 people, including 13 American servicemen, were killed when a suicide bomber wearing an Iraqi military uniform detonated his vest inside a dining tent).
7362:
1169:
1797:
figures still maintain fatalities could have been as high as 200,000. A report commissioned by the U.S. Air Force, estimated 10,000-12,000 Iraqi combat deaths in the air campaign and as many as 10,000 casualties in the ground war. This analysis is based on Iraqi prisoner of war reports. It is known that between 20,000 and 200,000 Iraqi soldiers were killed. According to the
Project on Defense Alternatives study, 3,664 Iraqi civilians and between 20,000 and 26,000 military personnel were killed in the conflict. 75,000 Iraqi soldiers were wounded in the fighting.
1040:
667:
289:
2058:
1382:
2943:
manning of each brigade. nits were weaker and many were too demoralized or lightly equipped to do more than hold in place. A year later, by
January 2016, significant progress has been made in terms of available forces albeit largely by shuffling around personnel and raising around a dozen new and very small 1,000-strong brigades." The new 15th and 16th Divisions have been identified, which appear to comprise some of the new brigades that Knights mentions, including the 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 75th, and 76th.
1934:
3276:
2994:
logistics battalions, 2 support battalions, 5 Regional
Support Units, and 91 Garrison Support Units were intended to provide logistics and support for each division, with Taji National Depot providing depot-level maintenance and resupply. Each battalion, brigade, and division headquarters was to be supported by a Headquarters and Service Company (HSC) providing logistical and maintenance support. The army was also planned to include 17 Strategic Infrastructure Battalions and an
2107:
7355:
1654:
7369:
3139:
9204:
9214:
1998:
2401:
3327:
1584:
8084:
7348:
7110:
3607:
1510:
66:
3303:(TACOM) stated that they would award a contract worth $ 259,321,656 to ANHAM Joint Venture in exchange for procuring the necessary equipment (and providing its required training) for a minimum of 15 and a maximum of 35 battalions. The minimum bid would begin to be delivered immediately and further orders could be placed until the maximum of 35 battalion sets or September 2006 after the first order was fully delivered.
1161:
at noon the
Israelis were reinforced by another battalion. This new balance of combat power lead the exhausted and bloodied Iraqis to decide they did not possess the strength to dislodge the Israelis, and they retired from the field. After these defeats, the ALA took several months to resume operations, but by then most of its Iraqi contingent had joined the main Iraqi expeditionary force that had arrived in northern
301:
9224:
1566:, two infantry brigades, twelve artillery battalions, and a special forces brigade. The two armoured divisions were, Pollack says, 'unquestionably the best formations of the Iraqi Army.' Yet during their operations on the Golan Heights, their performance was awful in virtually every category of military effectiveness. Military intelligence, initiative, and small unit independent action was virtually absent.
9234:
1750:
1336:
eventually retook the southwestern hill from the exhausted
Israelis. A fierce battle developed for control of Jenin itself, and although in a continuous stalemate, the Iraqi commander kept feeding fresh troops into the fight until the Israelis concluded that holding the town was not worth the price in casualties and pulled back to the hills north of Jenin. They suffered heavy casualties in the
6512:
4346:, pp. 173–175, citing among others Tzvi Ofer, 'The Iraqi Army in the Yom Kippur War,' transl. 'Hatzav,' Tel Aviv: Ma'arachot, 1986, p.128-65. Pollack notes that the various accounts of Iraqi operations on the Golan Heights are highly contradictory. He relies on Ofer, 1986, which is an Israeli General Staff critique of the official Iraqi General Staff analysis of the battle.
2796:. The MiTTs provided intelligence, communications, fire support, logistics and infantry tactics advice. Larger scale operations were often done jointly with U.S. forces. The training aimed to make the battalion self-sustainable tactically, operationally and logistically so that the battalion would have been prepared to take over responsibility for a particular area.
2055:, including Basitin, Shush, and Dezful sectors. Maj Gen Hisham Sahab al-Fakhri, previously 10th Armoured Division commander, was appointed as the corps commander. 1st Mechanised, 10th Armoured, and 14th Infantry Division were allocated to the corps, leaving 3rd Corps with 3rd and 9th Armoured, 5th Mechanised, and 11th Infantry Divisions.
2576:"..for all the U.S. efforts, Iraq’s special operations forces continued being flown to their targets on American helicopters and relied heavily on U.S. intelligence to plan their missions. Iraqi tank crews, artillery batteries, and infantry battalions had been trained separately and were not practiced in combined arms warfare.
2537:
mid-Euphrates region, and Ninawa, and others would follow. Initially coalition leaders welcomed the idea of regional commands that could create unity of Iraqi effort, but their enthusiasm faded as Maliki began to use the new headquarters to bypass the formal chain of command," which came to resemble the operating mode of the
6861:
3595:(SIGIR) notes that out of the 370,000 weapons turned over to the U.S. since the fall of Saddam's regime, only 12,000 serial numbers have been recorded. The lack of proper accounting for these weapons makes the acquisition of small arms by anti-governmental forces such as insurgents or sectarian militias much easier.
1130:
town, the
Israelis attacked at night under cover of a rainstorm and surprised the defenders. The Arabs resisted fiercely and forced the Israelis to fight house to house but ultimately were ejected from the town. After this defeat, the Arab force gave up the last police fort without a fight and withdrew.
3058:
is a new military formation intended to include members from the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 12th IA divisions that melted away during the rapid advance of ISIS in June 2014. This formation will almost certainly include volunteer fighters, most likely displaced persons from Mosul, who reside in refugee camps.
2396:
area which they were ordered to attack. In
September 2004, a senior member of the National Guard, General Talib al-Lahibi was arrested on suspicion of having links with insurgent groups. In December 2004, it was announced that the Iraqi National Guard would be dissolved. At this time its strength was
1599:
doubled the size of the Iraqi Army. In 1981, Pollack writes it numbered 200,000 soldiers in 12 divisions and 3 independent brigades, but by 1985, it reached 500,000 men in 23 divisions and nine brigades. An April 1983 CIA estimate suggests that Iraq had at that time five armoured; seven infantry; and
1549:
Following the Arab defeat in 1967, Jordan became a hotbed of
Palestinian activity. During this time PLO elements attempted to create a Palestinian state within Jordan caused the Jordanians to launch their full military force against the PLO. As they were doing this Syria invaded Jordan and Iraq moved
1322:
The Israeli preemptive offensive began on the night of 28 May and caught the Iraqis by surprise. The plan called for the Alexandroni Brigade to make a diversionary attack against Tulkarm, while the Golanis would drive south toward Jenin; holding the high ground to the north. Then, the Carmeli Brigade
734:
in 1936. Upon achieving independence in 1932, political tensions arose over the continued British presence in Iraq, with Iraq's government and politicians split between those considered pro-British and those who were considered anti-British. The pro-British faction was represented by politicians such
2982:
commented in 2007 that "It is important to note that in the initial fielding plan, five army divisions would be tied to the regions from where they were recruited and the other five would be deployable throughout Iraq. This was partially due to the legacy of some army divisions being formed from the
2850:
Budget problems continued to hinder the manning of combat support and combat service support units. The lack of soldiers entering boot camp is forcing Iraqi leaders at all levels to face the dual challenge of manning and training enabler units out of existing manpower. In the 2015 Pentagon budget, a
1983:
on May 23, 2003, after its decisive defeat. Bremer said that it was not feasible to reconstitute the armed forces. His justifications for the disbandment included postwar looting, which had destroyed all the bases; that the largely Shiite draftees of the army would not respond to a recall plea from
1796:
While the exact number of Iraqi combat casualties has yet to be firmly determined, sources agree that the losses were substantial. Immediate estimates said up to 100,000 Iraqis were killed. More recent estimates indicate that Iraq probably sustained between 20,000 and 35,000 fatalities, though other
1160:
held by Iraqi ALA irregulars. The Palmach secured a foothold with a surprise night attack that took the monastery dominating the ridge. In the morning the Iraqis launched a furious counterattack that evolved into an extremely tough fight, but eventually the Iraqis called off their attack to regroup;
1078:
having a force of 100 aircraft (mostly British); sending initially 5,000 men in four infantry brigades and an armoured battalion with corresponding support personnel. Iraq continuously sent reinforcements to its expeditionary force, peaking at 15–18,000 men. Iraq also contributed 2,500 volunteers to
3298:
In February 2004 the U.S. government announced that Nour USA was awarded a $ 327,485,798 contract to procure equipment for both the Iraqi Army and the Iraqi National Guard; however, this contract was canceled in March 2004 when an internal Army investigation (initiated due to complaints from losing
2942:
Michael Knights wrote in 2016 that the rebuilding from the mid-2014 disaster had been steady but "very slow". "By January 2015 a fair number of brigades had been salvaged and a couple of new brigades were built but the overall frontline combat strength of the ISF was halved due to attrition in the
2536:
In late 2008, United States personnel were worried by Prime Minister Maliki's attempt to exert control over the Iraqi Army and police by proliferating regional operations commands. "Using the Baghdad Operations Command as his precedent, Maliki created other regional commands in Basrah, Diyala, the
2321:
Based on Bush administration expectations that coalition forces would be welcomed as liberators after the overthrow of the Hussein regime, prewar planners had only been expecting little if any resistance from the Iraqi people. Thus the new army was initially focused on external defence operations.
559:
In 1922, the army totalled 3,618 men. This was well below the 6,000 men requested by the Iraqi monarchy and even less than the limit set by the British of 4,500. Unattractive salaries hindered early recruiting efforts. At this time, the United Kingdom maintained the right to levy local forces like
3008:
As of July 2009, the Iraqi Army had 14 divisions (1st-12th, 14th, and 17th, the designation 13 not being used), containing 56 brigades or 185 combat battalions. The designations "15th" and "16th" had been reserved for forces to be formed from the Kurds (which did not eventuate). Each division had
2993:
report of August 2006, plans at that time called for the Iraqi Army to be built up to an approximately 137,500-person force. This was based around an Army with 9 infantry divisions and one mechanised division consisting of 36 brigades and 112 battalions. Nine Motorized Transportation Regiments, 5
2579:
Logistics remained a challenge, and the Iraqi Army had an enormous and costly maintenance backlog. The Iraqis had no counter-battery radar system to pinpoint the location of rocket attacks on the Green Zone—the fortified sanctuary that served as the seat of the Iraqi government—or, as yet, an air
2433:
Coalition support limited to logistics and strategic planning, whilst another 20-30 battalions still needed major Coalition support to carry out their operations. As of October 5, 2005 the Iraqi Army had 90 battalions trained well enough to be "deployed independently", without United States help.
1466:
gained independence from Britain and Iraq claimed sovereignty over Kuwait. As in the 1930s, Qasim based Iraq's claim on the assertion that Kuwait had been a district of the Ottoman province of Basra, unjustly severed by the British from the main body of Iraqi state when it had been created in the
2076:
6th Corps – Malovany 2017 writes that on 25 March 1985, an army meeting chaired by Saddam in Baghdad decided to transform the East Tigris Headquarters into a regular corps, the 6th Corps. It was to be reinforced with four additional divisions; as the 35th Division had been transferred to the 4th
1355:
wrote that the Iraqi Army's ability '..to wage modern warfare against a first class enemy is practically nil ... in its present state, the Iraqi army would be entirely incapable of remaining an effective force for more than ten hours of battle ... must be used in war in cooperation with a field
1129:
in April. The Israelis brought a new battalion in May and immediately took one of the forts. With the arrival of another battalion, the Israelis assaulted the town itself under cover of mortar fire but the Arabs succeeded in forcing back repeated assaults. Four days after the first attack in the
2855:
fighters". The same November 2014 article contended that corruption is endemic in the Iraqi Army. It quoted Col. Shaaban al-Obeidi of the internal security forces, who told the paper: "Corruption is everywhere." The article claimed that one Iraqi general is known as "chicken guy" because of his
1283:
road. The Israeli attacks were extremely heavy, prompting the Jordanians to plead with the Iraqis to attack to draw off Israeli forces from Latrum; either northwest toward Haifa or north into Galilee. The Iraqi army was slow to respond and only launched two half-hearted attacks that were easily
3226:
Soldiers later go on to enroll in more specific advanced courses targeted for their respective fields. This could involve going to the Military Intelligence School, the Signal School, the Bomb Disposal School, the Combat Arms Branch School, the Engineer School, and the Military Police School.
3222:
Iraqi Army recruits undergo a standard eight-week basic training course that includes basic soldiering skills, weapons marksmanship and individual tactics. Former soldiers are eligible for an abbreviated three-week "Direct Recruit Replacement Training" course designed to replace regular basic
2432:
supported by U.S. allies. It was impeded by domestic instability, infiltration by insurgents, and high desertion rates. By June 2005, the number of battalions in the new army had grown to around 115. Out of this number, it was deemed that 80 were able to carry out operations in the field with
1689:
divisions were included. Eisenstadt notes that four Republican Guards security divisions were formed between the invasion of Kuwait and the outbreak of war. They remained in Iraq during the war. Although the coalition ground forces believed they faced approximately 545,000 Iraqi troops at the
2811:
argued that the roughly twelve advisors per Iraqi battalion (approximately 500 troops) was less than half the sufficient amount needed to efficiently implement the combat advisory effort. Krepinevich argues that officers try to avoid taking on advisory tasks due to the US Army's practice of
1335:
launched a clumsy frontal night assault but still managed to push off the Iraqis off both hills in a protracted battle. The next morning the Iraqis brought up fresh forces and counterattacked with a reinforced battalion, with artillery support and inaccurate (albeit helpful) airstrikes, that
1604:
The war came at a great cost in lives and economic damage - a half a million Iraqi and Iranian soldiers as well as civilians are believed to have died in the war with many more injured and wounded - but brought neither reparations nor change in borders. The conflict is often compared to
1525:
was deployed in eastern Jordan. However, the Israeli attack against the West Bank unfolded so quickly that the Iraqi force could not organise itself and reach the front before Jordan ceased fighting. Repeated Israeli airstrikes also held them up so that by the time they did reach the
3075:
estimated that the Army was about 180,000 strong, with three SF brigades, a ranger brigade HQ which supervised one ranger battalion; the 9th Armoured Division (2 armoured brigades, 2 mech bdes); the 5th, 8th & 10th Divisions with four mechanised infantry brigades each; the
3349:, with the intent to transfer them to Iraq as a gift. Domestic political opposition in Switzerland successfully froze the sale, fearing that the export would violate the country's longstanding tradition of neutrality as well as perhaps make Switzerland a target for terrorism.
2379:
by July 2004) was formed. Coalition commanders formed these militia-type units separately in each area; only later were they gradually brought together as one force. There were several instances where they have refused to take military action against fellow Iraqis, such as in
1196:, allowing the combat units to cross into Palestine. Over 3,000 Iraqi soldiers with armor and air support were unable to defeat less than 50 lightly armed Jewish defenders. After the crossing, the Iraqis immediately launched a frontal assault against the Israeli settlement of
3150:
There are three levels of troop capability in the new army: one, two, and three. Level three refers to troops that have just completed basic training, level two refers to troops that are able to work with soldiers, and level one refers to troops that can work by themselves.
2452:
were smaller logistics units: on November 1, 2006, the 5th Motor Transport Regiment (MTR) was the fifth of nine MTRs to be transferred to the Iraqi Army divisions. 2007 plans included, MNF-I said, great efforts to make the Iraqi Army able to sustain itself logistically.
1267:
in two. While setting down the Iraqis were reinforced by another infantry brigade and another armoured battalion. The build-up continued steadily, with the expeditionary force reaching seven or eight infantry brigades, an armoured brigade and three air force squadrons.
692:
There were doubts about the army's actual capabilities, however. In 1928, the number of British officers commanding Iraqi units was increased because Iraqi officers were slow to adapt to modern warfare. The army's first real test occurred in 1931, when Kurdish leader
927:
against the Iraqis. By this time, the army had grown significantly. It had four infantry divisions with some 60,000 men. At full strength, each division had three infantry brigades (3 battalions each) plus supporting units - including artillery brigades. The Iraqi
1098:, with 2,500 Syrian volunteers providing a third of the force, with another third provided by the Iraqis; the rest being Arab Palestinians, Lebanese and other Muslims. Its commander Fawzi was also Syrian, with the costs being paid by members of the Arab League.
2420:
was established to assist the Iraqi military, including the army. On September 20 the provisional Fallujah Brigade dissolved after being sent in to secure the city. The Fallujah Brigade experiment of using former insurgents to secure a city was not repeated.
908:. An Iraqi envoy was sent to demand that no movements, either ground or air, were to take place from the base. The British refused the demand and then themselves demanded that the Iraqi units leave the area at once. In addition, the British landed forces at
1145:; forcing the Irgun to ask for help from the Haganah after two days of fighting. Heavy fighting continued with British units intervening on behalf of the Arabs and losing a number of tanks against Irgun ambushes. Jaffa would fall to the Israelis on 13 May.
2967:, the force had grown to nine divisions. By 1990, with wartime expansion, the force had grown greatly to at least 56 divisions, making the Iraqi army the fourth largest army in the world and one of the strongest in the Middle East. After the defeat in the
1284:
defeated by local Israeli forces. Nevertheless, Haganah commanders pinpointed the Iraqi presence, by its size and location, to be a dangerous threat in a possible offensive. The Israelis decided to launch a preemptive attack south from Galilee to take
3830:
2544:
Divisions are forming engineer, logistics, mortar, and other units by identifying over-strength units, such as the Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) battalions and other headquarters elements, and then transferring them as needed.
1340:, but they managed to hold on to their positions and could absorb the losses. Overall, the Iraqi troops distinguished themselves at Jenin, even impressing their Israeli opponents. Active Iraqi involvement in the war effectively ended at this point.
1781: — which could have inflicted significant casualties on the attacking forces. Urban combat reduces the range at which fighting occurs and can negate some of the technological advantage that well equipped forces enjoy. Iraqis also tried to use
724:
would end its official mandate on the condition that the Iraqi government would allow British advisers to take part in government affairs, allow British military bases to remain, and a requirement that Iraq assist the United Kingdom in wartime.
1006:
send limited assistance, but both were too late and far from adequate. Britain pulled together a small force from its armies in the Levant, which handily defeated the much larger but thoroughly incompetent Iraqi army and air force, marched on
3009:
four line brigades, an engineering regiment, and a support regiment. However both the 6th Division and the 17th Division only had three manoeuvre brigades each. By April 2010, the combat battalion total had risen to 197 combat battalions.
678:
With the majority under control, the unruly tribes kept in line and a national identity across the heterogeneous population, the army would serve as a modernizing and socializing force that would help to weld together the backward Ottoman
877:
still governed the country, exercising veto over Iraqi foreign and national security policy. The Iraqi high command saw the opportunity to rid themselves of their colonial master when Britain saw itself in a vulnerable position against
2851:
further $ 1.3 billion has been requested to provide weapons for the Iraqi Army. However, the New York Times reported that "some of the weaponry recently supplied by the army has already ended up on the black market and in the hands of
1330:
took over the spearhead of the Israeli attack, it began to run into them. An Iraqi brigade had fortified itself in the city by the time the Israelis reached Jenin on 3 June, and on the two hills dominating the city from the south. The
3314:
to the Iraqi Army, with the refurbishment contract going to Defense Solutions to bring the tanks up to operational status for an estimated 4.5 million dollars US. After a delay in the payment of funds from the Iraqi government, the
6284:
1950:
division and other units in western Iraq. Malovany's description of deployments generally follows this pattern; A special headquarters was established on the eve of the war called the "Great Day" to command forces defending the
2831:. Nineteen Iraqi Army brigades and six Federal Police brigades disintegrated, a quarter of Iraq's security forces. These losses comprised all of the Ninawa-based 2nd and 3rd Iraqi Army divisions; most of the Salah al-Din-based
4726:
1804:(IISS) estimated the army's composition immediately after the 1991 war as six 'armoured'/'mechanised' divisions, 23 infantry divisions, eight Republican Guard divisions and four Republican Guard internal security divisions.
1538:
ten Iraqis were killed and 30 Iraqis were wounded, especially as the main battle was in Jerusalem. Fighting also raged in other areas of the West Bank, where Iraqi commandos and Jordanian soldiers defended their positions.
1892:
and the Kuwaiti border, had the 6th Armored Division, the 51st Mechanized Division, and the 11th Infantry Division. The 11th Infantry Division defended An Nasiriyah and As Samawah to the southeast on the approaches to An
3067:
basing the new division in Iraqi Kurdistan and giving the force responsibility for clearing Mosul." The 19th Division was not listed in either the Institute's 2017 listing of units, or the IISS Military Balance 2022.
1493:). Nine months later `Abd as-Salam Muhammad `Arif led a successful coup against the Ba'ath government. On 13 April 1966, President Abdul Salam Arif died in a helicopter crash and was succeeded by his brother, General
763:
to demand that the Cabinet resign. From that year to 1941, five army coups occurred during each year led by the chief officers of the army against the government to pressure the government to concede to Army demands.
1690:
beginning of the ground campaign, the quantitative descriptions of the Iraqi army at the time were exaggerated, for a variety of reasons. Many of the Iraqi troops were also young, under-resourced and poorly trained
2211:(serious morale problems before invasion; expected anti-Saddam regime outbreaks in Basra and Az Zubayr, had contingency plans for 'terminating enemy agents and mobs.' Surrendered during Iraqi Freedom 22 March 2003)
2085:, and the 25th Infantry Division from the 4th Corps. Malovany adds on the same page that during 1986 two more divisions joined the 6th Corps, an infantry division ("apparently the 50th") and the "Marshes" Division.
1742:
and other tanks of the Allied forces. U.S. M1A1s could effectively engage and destroy Iraqi tanks from well outside the distance (e.g. 8,200 ft to Iraqi ranges of 6,600 ft) that Iraqi tanks could engage.
824:
resigned and Rashid Ali al-Gaylani took his place as Prime Minister. Rashid Ali also proclaimed himself chief of a "National Defence Government." He did not overthrow the monarchy, but installed a more compliant
7018:
Building Iraqi security forces : hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, March 14,
1701:
The wide range of suppliers of Iraqi equipment resulted in a lack of standardization. It additionally suffered from poor training and poor motivation. The majority of Iraqi armoured forces still used old Chinese
1546:, was given responsibility to find a solution. It was clear that it was impossible to defeat the Kurds by military means and in 1970 a political agreement was reached between the rebels and the Iraqi government.
1319:, as it was considered an essential target and an important commercial center, and it would split Israeli communications between north and south - thus denying the Israelis movement between their internal lines.
1684:
began, the force comprised 47 infantry divisions plus 9 armoured and mechanised divisions, grouped in 7 corps. This gave a total of about 56 army divisions, and total land force divisions reached 68 when the 12
497:
in 1927. The British recruited former Ottoman officers to man junior and middle ranks of the new Iraqi officer corps, with senior commands, as well as most training positions, being manned by British officers.
1984:
their former commanders, who were primarily Sunnis, and that recalling the army "would be a political disaster because to the vast majority of Iraqis it was a symbol of the old Baathist-led Sunni ascendancy".
3820:
5777:
3162:
in Baghdad on September 27, 2005, with 300 trainers. Training at bases in Norway, Italy, Jordan, Germany, and Egypt has also taken place and 16 NATO countries have allocated forces to the training effort.
2514:(later renamed to Operation Mother of Two Springs) in Mosul and surrounding areas of Nineveh Governorate. Iraq became one of the top purchasers of U.S. military equipment with the Iraqi army trading its
1428:, he faced growing opposition from pro-Egypt officers in the Iraqi army. `Arif, who wanted closer cooperation with Egypt, was stripped of his responsibilities and thrown in prison. When the garrison in
2983:
National Guard units and has caused some complications in terms of making these forces available for operations in all areas of Iraq, and the military becoming a truly national, non-sectarian force."
2346:
1569:
After the war, Iraq started a major military build-up. Active duty manpower doubled, and so did number of divisions, from six to twelve, of which four were now armoured and two mechanised infantry.
6055:
6976:
Kevin M. Woods, Williamson Murray, and Thomas Holaday, with Mounir Elkhamri, 'Saddam's War: An Iraqi military perspective of the Iran–Iraq War,' McNair Papers 70, INSS/NDU, Washington DC, 2009.
5626:
2341:
with the responsibility of training and development of the new army. On August 2, 2003, the first battalion of new Iraqi Army recruits started a nine-week training course at a training base in
2909:
A much later report from Small Wars Journal said that in "..2013 and 2014 the 7th Division of the Iraqi Army, 99% Sunni, fought IS virtually alone, until it was almost completely destroyed."
1359:
In May 1955 the British finally withdrew from Iraq. The Iraqi authorities said during the withdrawal negotiations that a motorised infantry brigade was to be formed, based at the previous
7029:
Cordesman, Anthony H.: Prepared Statement before the Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, March 14, 2005
377:
article suggested that, between 2004 and 2014, the U.S. had provided the Iraqi Army with $ 25 billion in training and equipment in addition to an even larger sum from the Iraqi treasury.
3482:
In December 2009, Ukraine has signed a deal to deliver $ 550 million worth of arms to Iraq, the agreement with the Iraqi ministry of defense calls for Ukraine to produce and deliver 420
4718:
2835:; all of the Kirkuk-based 12th Iraqi Army division; plus at least five southern Iraqi Army brigades that had previously been redeployed to the Syrian border." Islamic State managed to
1467:
1920s. Britain reacted strongly to Iraq's claim and sent troops to Kuwait to deter Iraq. Qāsim was forced to back down and in October 1963, Iraq recognized the sovereignty of Kuwait.
6122:
983:
All these "mechanized" infantry units were transported by trucks. The authorized manpower of the Iraqi Infantry Brigades at full strength were of 26 officers and 820 other ranks, 46
2208:
609:
By the late 1920s, the threat of Turkish attack diminished, with the Iraqi army refocusing on new, internal missions. While the British command still worried about both Turkish and
567:
In 1924, the army grew to 5,772 men and, by the following year, had grown even more to reach 7,500 men - maintaining this size until 1933. The force's order of battle consisted of:
6989:
2313:
6292:
1811:
The IISS gave the Iraqi Army's force structure as of 1 July 1997 as seven Corps headquarters, six armoured or mechanised divisions, 12 infantry divisions, six RGF divisions, four
613:
encroachment on the Iraqi territory - as both of these states were considerably more cohesive and with superior armies -, the new focus shifted towards internal security against
7024:
Rebuilding Iraq: Resource, Security, Governance, Essential Services, and Oversight Issues: United States General Accounting Office Report to Congressional Committees, June, 2004
4928:
Charles Tiefer, "The Iraq Debacle: The Rise and Fall of Procurement-Aided Unilateralism as a Paradigm of Foreign War," University of Pennsylvania Journal of Int'l Law 29 (2007).
2277:
9263:
3417:
to sell weapons and military equipment, the defence ministry said in March 2008. It did not specify the weapons but Serbian military experts believe they include Serbian-made
3101:
1208:
coordination - which left the Israelis with the breathing space to redeploy their small force along internal lines and defeat each attack in turn. The Iraqis launched clumsy
2609:
2444:. The IGFC was established to exercise command and control of assigned Iraqi Army forces and, upon assuming Operational Control, to plan and direct operations to defeat the
2397:
officially over 40,000 men. Its units became part of the army. The absorption of the ING by the regular army appears to have taken place on January 6, 2005, Iraqi Army Day.
5568:
552:
elites from the region for appointments to government and ministry offices in Iraq. The British and the Iraqis formalized the relationship between the two nations with the
8466:
7323:
5235:
2695:
1501:
of 1967, the Ba'ath Party felt strong enough to retake power (17 July 1968). Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr became president and chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC).
5461:
2757:
2456:
As of June 26, 2006, three Iraqi divisions, 18 brigades and 69 battalions were responsible for their own areas of operations (including two police commando battalions).
3299:
bidders) revealed that Army procurement officers in Iraq were violating procedures with sloppy contract language and incomplete paperwork. On May of that same year the
3504:. The T-90SK is a command variant equipped additional radios and navigation equipment. As of 2018, 36 had been delivered and have been assigned to 35th Brigade of the
3025:
3021:
1773:
of the latest US and British tanks of the coalition the results were disastrous. The Iraqi forces also failed to utilize the advantage that could be gained from using
1307:
At the same time, the Iraqis were planning the exact offensive the Israelis feared. As the first truce was approaching, the general headquarters of the Arab forces in
1181:
4994:"Prepared Statement before the House Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats, and International Relations regarding the training of Iraqi Security Forces"
2920:, in Iraq from 2013 until July 2014, as estimating that "the army has only five functioning divisions ... whose fighting readiness ranges between 60 and 65 percent."
7160:
5953:
3698:
5769:
4835:
628:
of western and southern Iraq. The British concluded the Iraqi army was not capable of handling either the Turks or the Persians, with the RAF (supported by the
6076:
3793:
3085:
3055:
3040:
2749:
2184:
1908:
1315:
to take control of a number of Israeli settlements in order to strengthen their position at the ceasefire talks. It was decided to take control of the port of
5721:
2356:. The Fifth Battalion was among the new Iraqi units that fought in Fallujah. In June 2004, the CMATT was dissolved, and passed on its responsibilities to the
1027:
during this period. The army was not disbanded, however. Instead, it was maintained to hinder possible German offensive actions via the southern parts of the
4367:
2906:, was by October 2014 reporting to informal "militias' chain of command," not to the Iraqi Army, according to several U.S. and coalition military officials.
2357:
1224:
before they could even reach the target settlement. These defeats convinced the Iraqi army to abandon this sector of the front and try their luck elsewhere.
6877:
6263:
1263:
that were too weak to pose much of a threat to the Israelis, but the arrival of the powerful Iraqi force led the Arabs to believe they would be able to cut
1200:, only to be quickly driven back. The Iraq army tried again the next day, with their armour attacking from the south and their infantry from the north. The
3214:
Iraqi soldiers assigned to 71st Iraqi Army Brigade move closer to an objective, seeking a new location for cover during a simulated exercise under fire at
152:
6052:
8495:
368:
5848:
8765:
7457:
3001:
The Iraqi Army consists of nine regional joint commands. The Joint Operational Commands fall under the command of the National Operations Center. The
2077:
Corps, and the 32nd Division was with the East Tigris HQ, the new line-up would consist of the 32nd Division as before; the 12th Armoured Division and
1914:
1896:
5883:
5623:
3723:
3287:, or was looted during the chaotic aftermath shortly after the fall of the Hussein regime. Among these were more than 20,000 sets of body armor. Four
1815:
Brigades, 10 commando, and two Special Forces Brigades. It was estimated to number 350,000 personnel, including 100,000 recently recalled reservists.
6193:
5506:
4701:
3592:
3017:
2975:
formations. The new army formed after 2003 was initially planned to be three divisions strong, but was then raised to ten divisions, and more later.
1059:
was the first combat experience of independent Iraqi forces after the Second World War, and its first war outside its territory. Baghdad joined the
778:
8379:
7439:
7316:
1344:
1125:. The strength of the natural position allowed the ALA, together with some local Arab militiamen, to defeat two Israeli attacks by elements of the
7098:
3300:
2815:
Advisors remained after all U.S. combat brigades left Iraq in August 2010. These troops were required to leave Iraq by 31 December 2011 under an
6440:
2484:, and stationed in Basra, were ready in a tactical overwatch role. Their participation was limited to the provision of embedded training teams.
2436:
On May 3, 2006, a significant command-and-control development took place. The Iraqi Army command and control center opened in a ceremony at the
1243:
region of northern Samaria. That was a key sector for the Arab war effort because it was the ideal jumping point for an attack westward against
6904:
James Dobbins, Seth G. Jones, Keith Crane, Andrew Rathmell, Brett Steele, The UN's Role in Nation-Building: From the Congo to Iraq (CPA period)
6363:
5634:
5255:
5185:
3754:
1976:
1730:, and their effectiveness in modern combat was very limited. The Iraqis failed to find effective countermeasures to the thermal sights and the
5770:"The Iraqi Military, The US-led Coalition and the Mosul Operation: The Risk of Snatching Defeat from the Jaws of Victory – Small Wars Journal"
5480:
2935:(circa September 2014) and the Iraqi Army chief of operations, General Aboud Kanbar. Lieutenant General Riyadh Tawfiq, the former head of the
2580:
force that could protect the nation’s skies. In short, Barbero concluded, Iraq had a “checkpoint army” that was very much a work in progress."
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7644:
6601:
6588:
5280:
3654:
3072:
3059:
The.. sectarian composition of the unit will be important to watch. The formation of the division was initially proposed by Defense Minister
1801:
1109:
in April and May 1948. A force of 600 Syrian and Iraqi ALA irregulars were sent to defend this key town, which controlled access between the
6242:
6219:
5748:
493:
in eastern Kurdistan. This led the British to form the Iraqi Army on 6 January 1921 (later to be marked as Iraqi Army Day), followed by the
7233:
7017:
6151:
6118:
5411:"Abadi Visits the Headquarters of the Commander of Ninewa Operations," Sumaria, July 9, 2017, via Duri-Agri, Kassim, and Martin, 2017, 221.
2621:
Rusafa Area Command (RAC) – Eastern Baghdad. Responsible for the Adhamiyah, Rusafa, Sadr City, New Baghdad, and Karadah Security Districts.
2301:
The 65th Special Forces Brigade, 66th Special Forces Brigade, 68th Special Forces Brigade, and 440th Marine Brigade were active during the
1578:
636:
duties. Nevertheless, the army enjoyed considerable prestige, with the country's elites seeing the army as a national consolidating force:
5395:
5345:
5108:
4993:
7309:
6986:
6540:
3264:
2481:
2330:
409:
6308:
5820:
6014:
3270:
1542:
Barzānī and the Kurds who had begun a rebellion in 1961 were still causing problems in 1969. The secretary-general of the Ba`th party,
709:. The Iraqi army's dismal performance did not impress, and the situation required the intervention of British troops to restore order.
509:. The United Kingdom provided support and training to the Iraqi Army and the Iraqi Air Force through a small military mission based in
7076:
5210:
5070:
5044:
2464:
1121:
was protected by two police forts built into the rock of the hills, forming a formidable position; and also a priority target for the
363:
in 2003, the Iraqi Army was rebuilt along U.S. lines with enormous amounts of U.S. military assistance at every level. Because of the
8383:
6614:
6174:
5147:
3758:
2553:
7071:
2661:– Mosul. The command dissolved in 2014, but them was reformed in April 2015. It held responsibility for all anti-ISIS operations in
998:
Hostilities between the British and the Iraqis lasted from 2 May to 30 May 1941. The German government dispatched an aviation unit,
396:
8755:
2816:
2317:
Iraqi Asad Babil tanks and an M113 APC from the Iraqi 9th Mechanized Division pass through a highway checkpoint in Mushahada, Iraq.
1216:
hunter-killer teams. Several days later, Mahmud tried to attack another Jewish settlement in the same area, but the troops did not
5649:
5371:
2807:
reported that only around 4000 U.S. forces were embedded with Iraqi units at a rate of 10 per battalion. Former U.S. Army analyst
1850:. The Republican Guard consisted of between 50,000 and 60,000 troops (although some sources indicate a strength of up to 80,000).
7447:
5908:
5572:
2322:
The new Army was originally intended to comprise 27 battalions in three divisions numbering 40,000 soldiers in three years time.
6031:
5232:
2618:
Karkh Area Command (KAC) – Western Baghdad. Responsible for the Kadhimiyah, Karkh, Mansour, Bayaa, and Doura Security Districts.
2371:
While the regular army was being formed, U.S. commanders around the country needed additional troops more quickly, and thus the
7992:
7695:
5465:
5017:
3493:
announced it had struck deals with Iraq that would see Baghdad spend $ 5 billion on U.S.-made weapons, equipment and training.
2879:
offensive in the north of Iraq, it was reported that ISIL ""took the weapons stores of the 2nd and 3rd Iraqi army divisions in
1808:
for 18 July 1992 stated that 10,000 troops from five divisions were fighting against Shia Muslims in the southern marshlands.
367:
that began shortly after the invasion, the Iraqi Army was later designed to initially be a counter-insurgency force. With the
8071:
7066:
7007:
6813:
6534:
6402:
6341:
4197:
3533:
2533:. Following a four-day amnesty for insurgents to turn over weapons, the Iraqi Army moved into the provincial capital Amarah.
2338:
170:
8049:
6819:
5994:
2827:
In the summer of 2014, large elements of the Iraqi army were routed by a much smaller and less well-equipped force from the
2503:
agreed to let Iraqi forces into the remaining portion of the city. On May 20, troops from the Iraqi Army 3rd Brigade of the
1474:
9268:
8507:
8414:
7278:
7243:
4748:
2876:
2852:
2828:
2487:
In April–June 2008, two brigades of the Iraqi Army 11th Division, supported by US forces, moved into the southern third of
6622:
Levey, Zach (March 2004). "Britain's Middle East Strategy, 1950-52: General Brian Robertson and the 'Small' Arab States".
6499:
Godfroy, Jeanne F.; Morton, Matthew D.; Powell, James S.; Zais, Matthew M. (2019b). Rayburn, Joel; Sobchak, Frank (eds.).
5946:
5125:
8409:
7258:
7251:
7091:
5436:
4486:
3490:
2987:
2812:
prioritising the promotion of officers that have served with a U.S. unit over ones that have served with foreign forces.
2800:
2429:
1068:
5523:
3283:
Virtually all of the equipment used by the former Iraqi Army was either destroyed by the U.S. and British forces during
2472:
On March 25, 2008, the Iraqi Army launched its first solely planned and executed high-profile division-level operation,
8760:
8676:
8399:
8364:
7023:
6795:
A Justified Heaping of the Blame?, in Stoker (ed). "Military Advising and Assistance: From Mercenaries to Privatization
6695:
4827:
3666:
4272:
1868:
consisted of the 5th Mechanized Division, 2nd Infantry Division, 8th Infantry Division and the 38th Infantry Division.
8804:
7849:
7042:
6919:
6855:
6775:
6741:
6714:
6676:
6565:
6421:
4552:
4532:
4494:
632:) shouldering the full responsibility for external defense. Henceforth, the Iraqi army was increasingly relegated to
227:
6845:
6072:
3783:
2040:. In 2003, Nasiriyah was the headquarters of the Iraqi Army's 3rd Corps, composed of the 11th ID, 51st Mech ID, and
1853:
In January 2003, before the start of the invasion of Iraq in March 2003, the force was primarily located in eastern
1292:, and cut the Iraqi supply lines across the Jordan River. To achieve that the Israelis would employ three brigades:
8892:
8877:
8473:
8461:
7462:
7283:
7228:
7200:
5713:
3248:
3155:
2593:
1785:, but the implementation failed due to the lack of skill of their commanders and the preventive air strikes of the
748:
534:
364:
6259:
5000:
2507:
and a brigade from the 9th Division moved into the northern districts of Sadr City and began clearing operations.
1450:
in conjunction with Iraqi claims over the small neighbouring state, led to a crisis with British military forces (
8750:
8736:
8488:
8138:
8002:
7265:
7165:
6351:
5129:
3199:
3108:
2995:
2549:
2477:
1782:
1251:
coast (which was only 15 km wide) and break the country in half; it would also guard the right flank of the
818:
739:
who did not oppose a continued British presence. The anti-British faction was represented by politicians such as
670:
Mountain gun of the Iraqi Army column, 'Dicol', shelling Shirwan-A-Mazin from a hillside at Kani-Ling during the
474:
5325:
3170:
has also conducted a variety of training programs for both enlisted soldiers and officers including training as
1550:
a brigade in Rihab, Jordan. Otherwise the only Iraqi activity was that they fired upon some Jordanian aircraft.
1180:
in early April 1948, with one infantry brigade and a supporting armoured battalion under the command of General
8354:
8017:
8007:
7907:
7816:
7288:
7084:
5843:
3635:
3342:
3252:
3195:
2979:
2917:
2836:
2804:
2044:—all at around 50 percent strength. The 51st operated south covering the oilfields, and the 6th was north near
1922:
1064:
429:
17:
7892:
7877:
7826:
7609:
7429:
7223:
6464:
5855:
3093:
3064:
2951:
2684:
2281:
2189:
1879:
963:
564:
which were under direct British control. With a strength of 4,984 men, the Iraq Levies outnumbered the army.
7872:
7739:
2480:
support only in air support, logistics and via embedded advisors. Also, a British infantry brigade, part of
1439:
The creation of the new Fifth Division, consisting of mechanized infantry, was announced on 6 January 1959,
9258:
8500:
7649:
5872:
5546:
3712:
2417:
2246:
2082:
2078:
2037:
1926:
1904:
1847:
1376:
1094:, launching its first offensive in February 1948. With a force around 6,000 men it was mainly organized by
217:
6837:
On Point II Transition to the New Campaign: The U.S. Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom May 2003-January 2005
6190:
5503:
4699:
3460:
In August 2008, the United States proposed military sales to Iraq, which will include the latest upgraded
3063:
on November 4, 2014 during a visit to Iraqi Kurdistan. During that visit he requested assistance from the
829:. He also attempted to restrict the rights of the British which were granted them under the 1930 treaty.
811:
773:
9049:
8814:
8777:
8709:
8478:
7961:
7729:
7629:
7604:
7594:
7521:
7208:
7185:
7145:
4524:
3521:
3389:
3291:
tanks however have been recovered from an old army base in al-Muqdadiyah and are now in service with the
3013:
3002:
2928:
2445:
2437:
2365:
381:
247:
207:
192:
485:. In 1920, Turkish troops penetrated into Iraqi Kurdistan and forced the small British garrisons out of
9227:
8902:
8882:
8724:
8714:
8704:
8404:
8394:
8173:
7332:
7213:
7130:
7106:
6943:
4648:
3112:
2936:
2658:
2193:
717:
553:
3688:
Al-Marashi and Salama note that the eighty-third anniversary of Iraqi Army Day was celebrated in 2004.
3486:
armored personnel carriers, six AN-32B military transport planes and other military hardware to Iraq.
2364:) with the new focus on providing security for the Iraqi people from the emerging threat posed by the
794:, 1946. Left to right: Sergeant Macko Shmos, Lance Corporal Adoniyo Odisho and Corporal Yoseph Odisho.
8854:
8699:
8269:
8064:
7966:
7122:
5091:
Cordesman and Baetjer, 2006, p.147-148. On the ING, see Neil Barnett, 'Iraq's turbulent transition,'
3625:
3517:
3210:
3167:
2384:, deserted, or allegedly aided the resistance. It is alleged that most guardsmen were drawn from the
2372:
1766:
1535:
1056:
187:
6374:
5569:""7th Iraqi Army Division now Controlled by Iraqi Government", MNF-I Press Release November 03 2007"
5251:
5177:
2859:
8941:
8912:
8556:
8029:
7982:
7680:
7502:
5922:
5487:
5277:
5092:
4814:
3576:
though they have received assistance from the U.S. in the form of American-made weapons, including
3240:
2793:
2725:
2511:
2353:
2345:. They graduated on October 4, 2003. In the interim, the new army had been formally established by
1972:
1812:
1805:
1758:
1595:
Later, Saddam Hussein, looking to build fighting power against Iran soon after the outbreak of the
1272:
887:
232:
5744:
3051:. In November 2014 the first units of the new 15th and 16th Divisions held graduation ceremonies.
2596:, Federal Police, Emergency Police, Oil Police, FPS, etc. in their command as well as Iraqi Army.
9169:
8917:
8581:
8314:
8024:
7977:
7956:
7887:
7844:
7734:
7589:
7047:
6936:
Huggins, William D. The Republican Guards and Saddam Hussein's Transformation of the Iraqi Army,
6239:
6211:
3471:
In December 2008, the United States approved a $ 6 billion arms deal with Iraq that included 140
2803:
reported that 6000 advisors in 480+ teams were embedded with Iraqi units. However, in April, the
1642:
1348:
837:
413:
7028:
6143:
5312:
5027:
3685:
8872:
8731:
8601:
8576:
8446:
8198:
7927:
7584:
7579:
6758:
5388:
5338:
5105:
3128:
3116:
3054:
The Institute for the Study of War said in their 29 December 2014 situation report that "..The
3044:
2972:
2473:
2061:
1686:
1661:
1482:
1337:
984:
6707:
The Mediterranean And Middle East: Volume II The Germans Come To The Help Of Their Ally (1941)
6668:
6524:
6097:
1609:, in that the tactics used closely mirrored those of the 1914–1918 war, including large scale
513:; providing weapons and training to defeat the anticipated Turkish invasion of northern Iraq.
9237:
8976:
8844:
8456:
8329:
8308:
8228:
8188:
8079:
7987:
7705:
7557:
7408:
7177:
7114:
6953:
6305:
5811:
5252:"Pentagon Press Briefing June 23, 2006, with Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and Gen. George Casey"
4549:"Wages of War - Appendix 2: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 1991 Gulf War"
3573:
3561:
3284:
3255:. Much of the Iraqi officer training programme is copied directly from the Sandhurst course.
3244:
3143:
2913:
2376:
2352:
In April 2004, several Iraqi battalions refused to fight as part of the force engaged in the
2217:
Eisenstadt reported 'about eight infantry divisions remain unaccounted for' as of March 1993.
1960:
1824:
1271:
In late May, the Haganah launched a major assault against the Arab Legion's positions in the
1095:
803:
740:
728:
The new state was weak and the regime survived for only four years, when it was toppled in a
538:
360:
6660:
6011:
2548:
Problems include infiltration and an insufficient US advisory effort. Former members of the
1722:
from the 1970s in 1991. These vehicles were not equipped with up-to-date equipment, such as
999:
556:. With Faisal's ascension to the throne, the Iraqi Army became the Royal Iraqi Army (RIrA).
9071:
8953:
8887:
8849:
8745:
8671:
8666:
8591:
8439:
8057:
7821:
7690:
7634:
7572:
7567:
7562:
5206:
5066:
5040:
3525:
3338:
3097:
2888:
2840:
2740:
2717:
2646:
2640:
2633:– Taji – Division certified and assumes responsibility of the battle space of the northern
2568:, Commanding General, MNSTC-I, made an assessment of the Iraqi Armed Forces' shortcomings.
2272:
2266:
2256:
2175:
1731:
1260:
1080:
1015:) and their prime minister, Rashid Ali al-Gaylani. In their place the British re-installed
807:
702:
671:
400:
An Iraqi soldier assigned to the Security Battalion, Nineveh Operations Command, fires his
6768:
Iraq Between the Two World Wars: The Creation and Implementation of a Nationalist Ideology
6171:
5155:
3747:
3092:
with two infantry brigades; the 11th Infantry Division with three light inf brigades; the
743:
who demanded that remaining British influence in the country be removed. In 1936, General
8:
9013:
8971:
8897:
8772:
8694:
8223:
8193:
8178:
7758:
7670:
7470:
3788:
3505:
3438:
3430:
3316:
3292:
3089:
3081:
3077:
2899:
2892:
2884:
2832:
2772:
2766:
2731:
2707:
2701:
2678:
2668:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2504:
2425:
2323:
2240:
2227:
2169:
2163:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2121:
2041:
1968:
1947:
1843:
1839:
1695:
1563:
1522:
1478:
1293:
1168:
1044:
988:
937:
933:
929:
852:
841:
625:
620:
Those threats to the integrity of the nascent Iraqi state were separatist revolts by the
182:
6500:
5233:
IA 5th MTR driving toward success - Daily article on www.mnf-iraq.com, 20 November 2006.
3096:
with five infantry brigades; the 16th Infantry Division with two infantry brigades; the
2150:, active from at least 1941. As 4th Mountain Infantry Division, served in Iran–Iraq War.
2048:, which left three brigade-sized elements of the 11th ID to guard the An Nasiriyah area.
1352:
9144:
9139:
9124:
9086:
9061:
8998:
8859:
8794:
8429:
8238:
8153:
7685:
7547:
7386:
7135:
6647:
6639:
6330:
5646:
5368:
4468:
3825:
3553:
2903:
2895:)," said Jabbar Yawar, secretary-general of the Kurkish Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs.
2808:
2711:
2530:
2496:
2052:
1875:
1673:
1622:
1425:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1256:
1020:
970:
698:
337:
329:
109:
8986:
7056:
3516:
The average Iraqi soldier is equipped with an assortment of uniforms ranging from the
2792:
Up until 2010–2011, all Iraqi Army battalions were supposed to have had embedded U.S.
1039:
666:
9213:
9164:
9129:
8966:
8907:
8809:
8719:
8689:
8684:
8551:
8546:
8530:
8419:
8359:
8279:
8274:
8183:
7948:
7916:
7639:
7552:
7537:
7361:
7301:
7038:
6915:
6851:
6809:
6781:
6771:
6747:
6737:
6720:
6710:
6691:
6672:
6661:
6651:
6571:
6561:
6530:
6478:
6427:
6417:
6398:
6337:
6035:
4528:
4490:
4460:
4203:
4193:
3662:
2964:
2932:
2653:
The 17th Division commander has been reported as Staff Maj. Gen. Ali Jassam Mohammad.
2650:
2569:
2289:
2250:
2235:
2115:
1964:
1952:
1739:
1727:
1596:
1588:
1494:
1490:
1421:
1402:
1248:
1213:
686:
659:
633:
614:
602:
542:
222:
197:
6356:"Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 22 of 2003, Creation of a New Iraqi Army"
5849:"The Continuing Challenge of Building the Iraqi Security Forces (note 53, page 120)"
5324:
Gordon, "Degrade and Destroy," 2022, p.10. Text also visible at a separate article,
3039:, a number of new Iraqi formations and units were created. Among them was (finally)
1394:
730:
371:
in 2010, Iraqi forces have assumed full responsibility for the nation's security. A
9056:
8991:
8981:
8655:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8566:
8541:
8012:
7854:
7542:
7378:
7368:
6631:
4066:
3446:
3191:
3060:
3047:'s 3rd Brigade arrived in 2015, and operational by November 2015 after fighting in
2963:
with a force of four divisions. A fifth was formed in 1959. By the outbreak of the
2449:
2285:
2157:
2092:
2029:
2019:
2013:
2006:
1885:
1871:
1861:
1681:
1677:
1626:
1517:
armored car, 1970s. Iraq ordered about 250 of these vehicles between 1968 and 1976.
1486:
1138:
1084:
1003:
898:
890:
756:
592:
526:
453:
252:
165:
3468:
armored vehicles, modern radios, all to be valued at an estimated $ 2.16 billion.
2584:
The response from Iraqi officials was that U.S. troops would have to stay longer.
2057:
1090:
Before the Arab League resolution to attack Israel, the ALA was used to fight the
919:
broke out between the British and Rashid Ali's new government when the British at
288:
9154:
9119:
9008:
9003:
8922:
8833:
8571:
8424:
8336:
8324:
8248:
8243:
8233:
8168:
8143:
8128:
8115:
8103:
7919:
7882:
7798:
7599:
7526:
7492:
7487:
7452:
7396:
7155:
6993:
6909:
6803:
6635:
6312:
6246:
6197:
6178:
6059:
6018:
5998:
5992:
Post-War Iraq:Foreign Contributions to Training, Peacekeeping, and Reconstruction
5653:
5630:
5510:
5375:
5284:
5239:
5112:
4705:
4276:
3620:
3223:
training to be followed by more training once they have been assigned to a unit.
3194:
have begun taking Iraqi applicants, with Iraqi cadets being enrolled at both the
3183:
2960:
2924:
2662:
2565:
2156:, activated 1959. Served in Iran–Iraq War. As 5th Mechanised Division, fought in
1471:
1459:
1433:
1332:
1327:
1297:
1209:
1201:
1185:
1102:
1075:
916:
821:
752:
713:
706:
494:
478:
441:
436:, comprising several battalions of troops whose main mission was to garrison the
348:
177:
6355:
4752:
3186:. Beyond the various courses and programs being held in-country, both American
1769:
which, while perfectly well suited to older Iranian tanks, against the advanced
1694:. Saddam did not trust the army; among counterbalancing security forces was the
1436:
to return from exile in the Soviet Union to help suppress the pro-Nāsir rebels.
452:. The Levies were adequate for their intended mission of defending airfields of
9134:
9109:
8389:
8319:
7938:
7808:
7749:
7614:
7336:
7001:
6705:
Playfair, Ian Stanley Ord; Flynn, F.C.; Molony, C. J. C.; Toomer, S.E. (2004).
6448:
5133:
5126:"Iraqi command and control center opens doors amidst turnover of new territory"
4807:
3569:
3541:
3497:
3104:; and the Prime Minister's Security Force division of three infantry brigades.
2939:, was appointed as the new head of the IGFC and the Mosul Liberation Command.
2864:
2538:
2361:
2231:
1770:
1610:
1559:
1543:
1356:
force of efficiency and stamina' which would have to do most of the fighting.'
1301:
1217:
1197:
1189:
1126:
1114:
1067:
in Palestine, and in May 1948 sent a sizeable force to help crush the recently
791:
721:
530:
505:
Brigade consisted of ex-Iraqi-Ottoman officers, whose barracks were located in
502:
425:
373:
356:
344:
212:
91:
6482:
5991:
5647:
First Vietnamese-American to Serve as a Military Advisor to the New Iraqi Army
1933:
951:
Also based within Baghdad was the Independent Mechanized Brigade composed of:
9252:
9207:
9159:
9149:
9114:
9066:
9043:
9018:
8782:
8611:
8606:
8483:
8284:
8133:
7997:
7700:
7354:
6724:
6516:
5326:
https://lithub.com/how-isis-filled-the-power-vacuum-left-by-us-forces-in-iraq
4464:
4207:
3653:
3361:
3275:
3187:
3179:
3159:
3032:
2844:
2672:
2409:
1774:
1723:
1658:
1360:
1205:
1142:
1024:
920:
905:
866:
760:
694:
467:
6847:
Ragged Edge: A US Marine's Account of Leading the Iraqi Army Fifth Battalion
6785:
6751:
6575:
2051:
4th Corps – established 22 October 1981 to take over the northern sector of
2032:– established before Iran-Iraq War. In 1978 reported to be headquartered at
1141:, but were stopped cold by a similar-sized force of Iraqi ALA irregulars in
9033:
8799:
8596:
8304:
8299:
8289:
8123:
7831:
7675:
7619:
7413:
7218:
6431:
5547:"Iraqi army remains on defensive as extent of June debacle becomes clearer"
4269:
3549:
3450:
3385:
2441:
2106:
1889:
1707:
1703:
1665:
1618:
1527:
1451:
1414:
1410:
1193:
1028:
1016:
945:
894:
879:
848:
799:
736:
705:. Iraqi army units were badly mauled by tribesmen under Shaykhs Mahmud and
486:
417:
7050:
Iraqi Force Development: A Current Status Report July 2005 – February 2006
7013:
www.365iniraq.com Articles and pictures from an Iraqi Army transition team
6954:
Michael Knights, "Free rein: domestic security forces take over in Iraq,"
5293:
5207:"Iraqis to Command Four Northern Divisions by February, U.S. General Says"
4620:
4548:
2779:
Province – transferred to Iraqi Ground Forces Command on November 1, 2007.
2202:
26th, 27th, 28th, 28th, 30th, 31st, 33rd, 34th, 36th, 37th, 38th Divisions
1558:
Iraq sent a 60,000 man expeditionary force to the Syrian front during the
9217:
9179:
9028:
8864:
8789:
8586:
8148:
8034:
7661:
5437:"Inside the Collapse of the Iraqi Army's 2nd Division - War on the Rocks"
4698:
Iraqi Security and Military Force Developments: A Chronology, 2, 4, 6, 7
3612:
3565:
3472:
3461:
3457:
in September and November to discuss boosting military ties with Serbia.
3426:
3422:
3346:
2752:– HQ Basrah – division commander Maj. Gen. Abdul Aziz Noor Swady al Dalmy
2613:
2592:
Each of the joint and multi-agency operational commands also include the
2491:. They were tasked to stop rocket and mortar attacks on US bases and the
1980:
1778:
1754:
1653:
1630:
1614:
1606:
1514:
1498:
1364:
1252:
1212:, with the unprotected tanks and armoured cars being easily destroyed by
1110:
1060:
783:
641:
629:
561:
546:
477:. This province corresponds to the northern third of modern Iraq, mainly
433:
421:
202:
6441:"Iraqi Security Forces and Popular Mobilization Forces: Order of Battle"
5231:
MTRs transferred in order of event: 8th, 4th, 6th, 5th and 1st (2 Nov).
4472:
4448:
3998:
3699:"Saudi Chief of General Staff Receives Commander of Iraqi Ground Forces"
3138:
2026:, comprising the 17th Armoured Division and the 51st Mechanised Division
140:
8294:
7512:
7401:
7391:
7150:
7140:
6948:
Loose Ends: Iraq's Security Forces between U.S. Drawdown and Withdrawal
6643:
5419:
5417:
4989:
3630:
3585:
3442:
2868:
2523:
2500:
2492:
2334:
1455:
1405:
along with members of the royal family were murdered. The coup brought
1381:
859:
744:
645:
522:
7467:
General Command of the Armed Forces, Resistance and Liberation in Iraq
7067:
Blog on Iraqi Forces by Former Naval Intelligence Officer D. J. Elliot
6502:
The US Army in the Iraq War, Volume 2: Surge and Withdrawal, 2007–2011
5666:
4861:
3392:(option for 1,050) for delivery by November 2008. Greece donated 100
3279:
The 2nd Brigade, 1st Iraqi Division took delivery of 10 armored HMMWVs
3142:
An Iraqi Army T-72 tank performs a live-fire training exercise at the
2552:, members of the intelligence services, senior level officials of the
9104:
9076:
9023:
8561:
8253:
8213:
7971:
7724:
7624:
7531:
6215:
6053:
Iraq Receives T-72s & BMPs - With Another Armored Brigade Planned
5681:
4636:
4293:
3577:
3357:
3331:
3251:
model, chosen in part due to its shorter graduation time compared to
3215:
3016:
combatant brigades and were not assigned to a division. They are the
2744:
2735:
2519:
2488:
2405:
2400:
2269:, served in Iran–Iraq War, Persian Gulf War with Jihad Forces (corps)
2045:
2033:
1997:
1735:
1691:
1638:
1531:
1276:
1240:
1157:
1074:. The Iraqi Army by then boasted 21,000 men in 12 brigades, with the
992:
924:
787:
599:
575:
506:
340:. The current commander is Lieutenant General Qassim Muhammad Salih.
6364:"CPA-IRAQ.org: Homepage of The New Iraq - New Iraqi Army Graduation"
5414:
3326:
3084:
with three motorised infantry brigades and an infantry brigade; the
1583:
1011:
and ousted the military commanders (that were sentenced to death by
404:
rifle during night range training at Camp Taji, Iraq, April 3, 2016.
8621:
8451:
8434:
8208:
8203:
6997:
6462:
Eisenstadt, Michael (1993). "The Iraqi Armed Forces Two Years On".
6439:
Dury-Agri, Jessa Rose; Kassim, Omer; Martin, Patrick (2017-11-01).
4598:
4596:
3545:
3454:
3373:
3369:
3175:
2968:
2776:
2381:
2342:
2302:
2260:
2179:
2129:
2125:
2111:
2023:
1955:
district in west Iraq and the axes leading from it towards Baghdad.
1836:
1828:
1765:
The Iraqi tank guns were supplied with older generation steel core
1440:
1280:
904:
On April 30, Iraqi Army units took the high ground to the south of
716:
was granted official independence. This was in accordance with the
585:
572:
490:
437:
242:
237:
6508:. Carlisle, PA: United States Army War College Press. p. 668.
5714:"ISIS weapons windfall may alter balance in Iraq, Syria conflicts"
4806:
Craig Smith, "In Documents, Glimpses of Failed Plan for Defence,"
3784:"Iraq Withdrawal: U.S. Abandoning Plans To Keep Troops In Country"
3330:
A convoy of 1st Motor Transport Regiment, 1st Iraqi Army Division
2643:– East Baghdad (probably planned to become a mechanized division).
2249:, served in Iran–Iraq War, disbanded after First Battle of Basrah/
1680:, the army was estimated to number 1,000,000 men. Just before the
1509:
1083:(ALA), an irregular force commanded by the former Ottoman officer
1023:
and his assassination in 1958. Nuri al-Said pursued a largely pro-
991:
heavy machine guns (in two platoons of 4 MGs each) and 4 anti-air
9081:
9038:
8218:
8163:
7864:
6973:
Owen West, The Snake Eaters: Counterinsurgency Advisors in Combat
6663:
Iraq 1941: The Battles for Basra, Habbaniya, Fallujah and Baghdad
6515:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5819:. Baghdad: Al-Bayan Center for Planning and Studies. p. 22.
4334:
Follow me- The story of the Six Day War 2. Six Day War- Tom Segev
3895:
3476:
3465:
3407:
HMMWVs purchased for IA with delivery complete by end July 2006.
3307:
2604:
2599:
As of the Fall of 2012, the Iraqi Army was organized as follows:
2002:
1963:
the Iraqi Army was defeated in a number of battles, including by
1432:
rebelled against Qāsim's policies, he allowed the Kurdish leader
1316:
1312:
1236:
1162:
1153:
1149:
1122:
1012:
1008:
681:
652:
582:
510:
424:. Before that, from 1533 to 1918, Iraq was under the rule of the
119:
6926:
Includes very useful thoughts on Iraq Army personnel 'laziness.'
4593:
460:
forced the British to expand Iraq's indigenous military forces.
8961:
8616:
6492:
The Great War For Civilisation; The Conquest of the Middle East
6350:
6260:"Ukraine to sell $ 550 million of arms to Iraq | Politics"
3961:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3529:
3434:
3410:
3381:
3365:
3048:
2971:
in 1991, force size dropped to around 23 divisions, as well as
2761:
2199:
16th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 25th Divisions,
1900:
1865:
1634:
1587:
Iraqi commanders discussing strategy on the battlefront, 1986.
1463:
1447:
1289:
1264:
1228:
1221:
1177:
1091:
1071:
941:
826:
482:
463:
457:
445:
325:
317:
300:
4958:
4931:
4910:
4828:"CNN.com - Iraqi army division gives up fight - Mar. 22, 2003"
3866:
2891:
in the areas near Kirkuk, and another division in Diyala (the
2205:
39th, 42nd, 44th, 45th, 46th, 47th, 48th, 49th, 50th Divisions
1749:
1648:
655:
to control the independent tribes who resisted centralization;
9174:
8158:
7715:
6805:
No True Glory: A Frontline Account of the Battle for Fallujah
4948:
4946:
4158:
The Edge of the Sword: Israel's War of Independence 1947-1949
3581:
3537:
3483:
3418:
3404:
3400:
3393:
3171:
2880:
2515:
2393:
2172:. As 8th Mountain Infantry Division, served in Iran–Iraq War.
2065:
1918:
1832:
1429:
1308:
1285:
1244:
1232:
1134:
1118:
1106:
1048:
956:
909:
621:
549:
401:
7012:
5909:"Iraq: US-Trained Units Lead Counterattack On Islamic State"
4430:
4428:
4426:
3952:
2005:
tank of the 5th Mechanized Division which saw action in the
1831:, the army consisted of 375,000 troops, organized into five
8369:
8346:
8089:
8083:
7347:
7109:
6526:
On Point: The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom
4680:
4572:
4417:
3591:
However weapons registration is poor. A 2006 report by the
3501:
3414:
3353:
3320:
3311:
3288:
3236:
3036:
2389:
2385:
1938:
1854:
1786:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1259:. Previously, this sector had been held by elements of the
610:
449:
385:
343:
The Iraqi Army in its modern form was first created by the
81:
71:
6667:. Campaign. Oxford, New York: Osprey Publishing. pp.
6611:
The Long Haul: Rebooting U.S. Security Cooperation in Iraq
6475:
The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics
6416:. Mazal Holocaust Collection. New York: Harper & Row.
4943:
4668:
4100:
2912:
The October 2014 Reuters report quoted Lieutenant General
1176:
The first Iraqi forces of the expeditionary force reached
1137:
assaulted the Arab town of Jaffa with 600 men, initiating
7008:
Blog on Iraqi Forces by Former Naval Intelligence Officer
6885:. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. p. 10
6704:
6249:, Strategy Page (December 18, 2008). Retrieved 20.02.2015
4489:(distributed by Airlife Publishing Ltd. in UK), 1992/93,
4423:
4318:
4316:
4214:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4090:
4088:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4004:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3557:
2856:
reputation for selling the soldiers' poultry provisions.
2769:– suffered heavy casualties from ISIS in Fallujah in 2014
1790:
473:
as part of their country, during their resistance to the
6498:
5687:
5299:
3971:
3928:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3235:
The Iraqi Armed Service and Supply Institute located in
2124:, active from at least 1941. 1st Mechanised Division in
1043:
Iraqi army troops led by Taher Abdel Ghafour and with a
832:
The Golden Square was commanded by the "Four Colonels":
6839:. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press.
4970:
4779:
4767:
2036:
and to consist of 1st and 5th Mechanised Divisions and
1921:, covering border areas with Syria and Turkey, had the
328:: الجيش العراقي), is the ground force component of the
7331:
6911:
Embedded: A Marine Corps Adviser Inside the Iraqi Army
6119:"Global MRAP: The International Light Armored Vehicle"
5791:
4898:
4886:
4849:
4385:
4373:
4349:
4313:
4226:
4164:
4112:
4085:
4025:
4015:
4013:
3988:
3986:
3907:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3544:, and radio. Their light weapons consist of stocks of
3323:
over a three-day period starting on November 8, 2005.
1326:
Iraqi reinforcements kept arriving north and when the
912:
and the Iraqis demanded that these forces be removed.
408:
The modern Iraqi armed forces were established by the
9264:
Military units and formations of Iraq in the Iraq War
7072:
Russia's Bunker-Smashing Rockets Have Arrived in Iraq
6950:(Baghdad/Washington/Brussels: ICG, October 26, 2010).
6523:
Fontenot, Gregory; Degen, E. J.; Tohn, David (2004).
6438:
6395:
The Iraq War: Strategy, Tactics, and Military Lessons
5693:
5595:
Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq (March 2007)
5423:
3845:
2408:
training under the supervision of soldiers of the US
1757:
of Iraqi-occupied Kuwait on 2 August 1990 during the
6736:. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press.
4518:
4310:. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002, p.165
3940:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3602:
3239:
plays a significant role in training aspiring Iraqi
2144:, active from at least 1941. Served in Iran–Iraq War
2099:
1987:
1613:, manned machine-gun posts, bayonet charges, use of
1393:
lasted until 1958, when it was overthrown through a
153:
List of current equipment of the Iraqi Ground Forces
7057:
America's old Humvees add new luster to Iraqi fleet
6315:- Special Inspector General For Iraq Reconstruction
6285:"Iraq spends 5 billion dollars on US defence deals"
6212:"Iraq orders Abrams tanks through US FMS programme"
4583:
4581:
4500:
4250:
4238:
4137:
4073:
4010:
3983:
3878:
2955:
Iraqi Special Operations Forces training April 2011
2529:In June 2008 the army moved troops to the southern
1363:, a location that had been occupied by the British
320:: القوات البرية العراقية), also referred to as the
7458:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
6329:
5972:
5605:
5603:
4447:Watts, Barry D. (1995). Gordon, Michael R. (ed.).
1470:Qāsim was assassinated in February 1963, when the
1443:. Qāsim was also promoted to the rank of general.
1255:, which was concentrated to the south, around the
862:, commander of the Independent Mechanized Brigade;
7932:Mujahideen Battalions of the Salafi Group of Iraq
6522:
6414:Elusive Victory: The Arab-Israeli Wars, 1947-1974
6144:"Armor: Cougars Cousin Badger Arrives in Baghdad"
5313:General: Suicide bomber was wearing Iraqi uniform
4662:
4642:
4602:
3808:
3593:Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction
3384:(option for 1,200) for delivery by Jan 2007. 573
3205:
2787:
2720:– Tikrit – split off from 4 Division in mid-2008.
2358:Multi-National Security Transition Command – Iraq
2280:, sat passive then elements destroyed by British
2064:of the Iraq Army at the Gizlani military base in
1878:(CNN) had the 3rd Armored Division (HQ Jalawia),
1019:, which dominated the politics of Iraq until the
873:Although Iraq was nominally independent, Britain
9250:
6555:
6327:
5745:"Power failure in Iraq as militias outgun state"
5023:
4797:See Gulf War Air Power Survey, Vol. I, pg 68/97.
4578:
3965:
3901:
3872:
3821:"Graft Hobbles Iraq's Military In Fighting Isis"
3681:
3511:
3005:does not directly command the army's divisions.
2704:– Tikrit – Division certified on August 8, 2006.
2468:Iraqi army battalion trains for urban operations
2392:majority in northern Iraq, rather than from the
2326:was engaged to train the first nine battalions.
2221:
2022:– reorganised as an armoured corps for the 1991
786:ground crews of the RAF, arrive at the docks at
545:in 1920. Likewise, British authorities selected
5990:Jeremy M. Sharp and Christopher M. Blanchard -
5600:
5481:"The Advisor, MNSTC-I Newsletter, July 8, 2006"
5209:. U.S. Department of defense. 1 December 2006.
3301:U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command
3088:with five motorised and infantry brigades; the
2308:
1534:was in Israeli hands. During the course of the
1247:to split the narrow Israeli corridor along the
948:, on the main rail line from Baghdad to Basra.
886:were supported by the pro-Nazi and anti-Jewish
456:, but the threat of war with the newly forming
6808:. Random House Publishing Group. p. 118.
5635:Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments
4297:, 'New Division for Iraq Army,' 7 January 1959
4190:War in Palestine, 1948: Strategy and Diplomacy
4060:
3755:Center for Strategic and International Studies
3115:funded component that reports directly to the
1977:Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2
8065:
7807:
7484:Popular Resistance for the Liberation of Iraq
7317:
7092:
6602:International Institute for Strategic Studies
6589:International Institute for Strategic Studies
6191:Serbia seals multimillion arms deal with Iraq
6032:"Searching for Saddam's Tactical Body Armour"
3655:International Institute for Strategic Studies
3100:with four infantry brigades; the independent
3073:International Institute for Strategic Studies
2819:between the U.S. and Iraqi governments.
1802:International Institute for Strategic Studies
1311:ordered the commander of the Iraqi forces in
380:The Army extensively collaborated with Iraqi
7234:Private Security Company Association of Iraq
6940:Vol. 2, No. 1 (Spring 1994), pp. 31–35.
6734:Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948-91
5609:Iraq - Post-Saddam Governance and Security,
3479:combat vehicles for elite Iraqi army units.
1857:. The five corps were organised as follows:
1664:destroyed while buried in the sand north of
1462:) deployed to Kuwait for a period. In 1961,
1413:and established friendly relations with the
747:, who had won a reputation from suppressing
6987:Iran's Militias Are Taking Over Iraq's Army
6933:. Beirut: Arab Scientific Publishers, 2006.
6843:
6834:
6529:. Naval Institute Press. pp. 222–232.
6328:Al-Marashi, Ibrahim; Salama, Sammy (2008).
5524:"Iraqi Bedouins seek role in secure future"
4976:
4964:
4952:
4937:
4916:
4810:, 10 April 2003, cited in Ahmed S. Hashim,
4160:. London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 169.
3265:List of current equipment of the Iraqi Army
2331:Coalition Military Assistance Training Team
1649:Invasion of Kuwait and the Persian Gulf War
1063:in their opposition to the creation of the
8072:
8058:
7324:
7310:
7099:
7085:
6844:Zacchea, Michael; Kemp, Ted (2017-04-01).
6835:Wright, Donald R.; Reese, Timothy (2008).
6461:
6332:Iraq's Armed Forces: An Analytical History
5947:"Iraq Situation Report: January 1-2, 2015"
5865:
5711:
5587:
5106:Training the Iraqi Army - Revisited, Again
4988:
4892:
4812:Insurgency and Counter-insurgency in Iraq,
4716:
4434:
3713:"Measuring Security and Stability in Iraq"
3441:), ammunition and explosives and about 20
3319:received the tanks at its headquarters in
3271:List of former equipment of the Iraqi Army
2518:assault rifles for the more accurate U.S.
1343:By the beginning of 1951, British General
1239:strategic triangle in May, that being the
8380:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
7481:Political Media Organ of the Ba'ath Party
6615:Washington Institute for Near East Policy
6556:Ghareeb, Edmund; Dougherty, Beth (2004).
6392:
5907:Freedberg, Sydney J. (November 5, 2015).
5906:
4674:
4658:
4630:
4615:
4614:Deployed 'east of Baghdad,' according to
2875:In late June 2014, after the large-scale
2698:– Sulamaniyah, Diyala, Kirkuk, Salahadin
2243:, served in Yom Kippur War, Iran–Iraq War
2081:transferred both from the 2nd Corps; the
8204:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
6685:
5639:
5544:
5178:"US hands over control of Iraq military"
5148:"US hands over control of Iraq military"
4867:
4785:
4773:
4686:
4654:
4626:
4270:"The Assyrian Levies, The Final Chapter"
4232:
4220:
3705:
3661:(1st ed.). Routledge. p. 358.
3325:
3274:
3209:
3158:(NTM-I) opened a Joint Staff College in
3137:
2950:
2858:
2463:
2399:
2360:(MNSTC-I) (initially headed by Lt. Gen.
2347:Coalition Provisional Authority Order 22
2312:
2105:
2056:
1996:
1932:
1882:(HQ Amerli), and 34th Infantry Division.
1818:
1748:
1652:
1582:
1579:Order of battle during the Iran–Iraq War
1508:
1380:
1167:
1038:
1034:
777:
665:
395:
272:Lieutenant General Qassim Muhammad Salih
7448:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
6792:
6770:. New York: Columbia University Press.
6731:
6608:
6047:
6045:
5809:
5797:
5699:
5667:"U.S. ending combat operations in Iraq"
4904:
4855:
4519:Keaney, Thomas; Eliot A. Cohen (1993).
4391:
4379:
4355:
4343:
4322:
4175:
4131:
4106:
4094:
4048:
3922:
3860:
3146:, in Besmaya, Baghdad, 28 October 2008.
3080:with 2 mech inf bde and 1 inf bde; the
2690:16th Division - 75th, 76, 91st Brigades
1946:Western Desert Force, consisting of an
1903:and the border with Iran, included the
1227:The expeditionary force moved into the
751:(and also responsible for the ruthless
14:
9251:
7993:Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah
7696:Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance
6709:. London: Naval & Military Press.
6543:from the original on 18 September 2015
6240:"Procurement: Iraq Buys What It Knows"
5742:
5389:"Microsoft Word – OOBpage5-IGFC-M.rtf"
5339:"Microsoft Word – OOBpage7-IGFC-B.rtf"
5290:(5/22/2008). Retrieved 11 October 2014
4751:. Marine Corps Gazette. Archived from
3548:-era arms, namely the Tabuk series of
3496:In 2016, Iraq finalized an order with
2675:, but them was reformed in April 2015.
2110:Exhibit "The Iraqi soldier" about the
1793:on communication centers and bunkers.
1172:Arab offensive, 15 May – 10 June 1948.
521:In August 1921, the British installed
8939:
8831:
8653:
8528:
8101:
8053:
7935:Islamic Salafist Boy Scout Battalions
7305:
7080:
6875:
6765:
6658:
6621:
6472:
6411:
6012:Iraqi Security Forces Order of Battle
5978:
5969:IISS 2020, p351 and Military Balance+
5873:"United States Department of Defense"
5213:from the original on 30 November 2009
5073:from the original on 28 February 2007
4692:
4446:
4256:
4244:
4155:
4143:
4079:
4019:
3992:
3977:
3946:
3934:
3889:
3796:from the original on 30 December 2011
2991:Measuring Safety and Security in Iraq
2714:– Division certified on July 3, 2006.
1979:issued by U.S. Administrator of Iraq
1625:by Iran, and Iraq's extensive use of
976:One "mechanized" machine-gun company;
481:, and includes the rich oilfields of
171:Mediterranean and Middle East theatre
9233:
9175:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
7279:Iraq and weapons of mass destruction
6964:The Iraqi Army in the Yom Kippur War
6907:
6822:from the original on 12 October 2017
6801:
6756:Also see Pollack's book reviewed in
6595:
6582:
6489:
6209:
6042:
5724:from the original on 13 October 2017
5545:Prothero, Mitchell (July 14, 2014).
5369:This Week in Iraq – MNF-I Newsletter
5278:"Iraqi forces load up on U.S. arms,"
5258:from the original on 12 January 2009
4740:
4719:"How I Didn't Dismantle Iraq's Army"
4587:
4506:
3833:from the original on 13 October 2017
3647:
2877:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
2510:In May, Iraqi army forces launched
1370:
617:menacing to breakdown the country.
533:. Faisal had been forced out as the
432:. At first, the British created the
9223:
7252:Iraqi National Intelligence Service
6879:The Iraqi Counter Terrorism Service
5424:Dury-Agri, Kassim & Martin 2017
5041:"US arrests senior Iraqi commander"
4487:United States Naval Institute Press
4485:Norman Friedman, "Desert Victory,"
4187:
3748:"The Gulf Military Balance in 2010"
3540:ballistic helmet, Generation I OTV
3491:United States Department of Defense
3388:APCs for delivery by Jan 2007. 756
2988:United States Department of Defense
2801:United States Department of Defense
2505:1st (Iraqi Reaction Force) Division
2430:United States Department of Defense
2424:Army training was transferred from
2016:– established before Iran-Iraq War.
1929:, 7th, and 16th Infantry Divisions.
1718:from the 1950s and 1960s, and some
1446:In 1961, an Army build up close to
979:One "mechanized" artillery brigade.
516:
24:
6898:
6591:– via Routledge for the ISS.
6477:. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
5952:. Institute for the Study of War.
5154:. 7 September 2006. Archived from
5047:from the original on 31 March 2007
4717:Bremer III, L. Paul (2007-09-06).
4192:. London: Routledge. p. 232.
3764:from the original on 9 August 2010
3464:battle tanks, attack helicopters,
2572:summarized Barbero's findings as:
2482:Multi-National Division South-East
1975:. The Iraqi Army was disbanded by
1521:During the Six-Day War, the Iraqi
755:), was named Chief of the General
475:partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
25:
9280:
7850:Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam
6980:
6034:. 6 November 2005. Archived from
5813:The Future of Iraq's Armed Forces
5712:Abdulrahim, Raja (29 June 2014).
5067:"Iraq to dissolve National Guard"
4749:"Fighting Through the Fog of War"
3429:machine guns, anti-tank weapons (
3012:Three of the 56 brigades are not
2388:majority in Southern Iraq or the
2333:(CMATT), headed by Major General
2253:, July 1982. Reformed after 2003.
2100:Infantry and mechanised divisions
1988:Formations of the army, 1922–2003
1553:
1204:was poorly implemented - lacking
915:At 0500 hours on 2 May 1941, the
806:and members of the anti-British "
9232:
9222:
9212:
9203:
9202:
8508:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
8082:
7367:
7360:
7353:
7346:
7229:Department of Border Enforcement
7108:
6690:. University Press of Kentucky.
6560:. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.
6510:
6336:. Oxon and New York: Routledge.
6299:
6277:
6252:
6233:
6210:Foss, Christopher (2008-08-12).
6203:
6184:
6165:
6136:
6111:
6090:
6073:"Iraq's T-72s: Payment Received"
6065:
6024:
6004:
6001:- Congressional Research Service
5984:
5963:
5959:from the original on 2016-03-03.
5939:
5915:
5900:
5837:
5803:
5762:
5736:
5705:
5659:
5616:
5561:
5538:
5516:
5497:
5473:
5454:
5429:
5401:from the original on 2008-02-27.
4746:
4368:Prospects for Iraq, 1 April 1983
3605:
3552:copies and derivatives like the
3413:has signed a US$ 230m deal with
3341:gained approval to purchase 180
3249:Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
3247:. The training is based on the
3122:
3024:formed in January 2008, and the
3020:formed in the fall of 2008, the
2843:and Iraq's second largest city,
2594:Department of Border Enforcement
1572:
1477:under the leadership of General
1397:by the Iraqi Army, known as the
1385:A group of Iraqi soldiers, 1958.
1148:On 29 April, units of the élite
759:and successfully pressured King
299:
287:
64:
8987:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
8410:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
8400:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
8139:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
7266:Iraqi Falcons Intelligence Cell
6864:from the original on 2017-10-12
6352:Coalition Provisional Authority
6266:from the original on 2014-09-10
6222:from the original on 2008-09-13
6154:from the original on 2012-10-28
6125:from the original on 2012-10-19
6079:from the original on 2006-04-04
5889:from the original on 2007-09-11
5826:from the original on 2017-09-21
5810:Knights, Michael (March 2016).
5780:from the original on 2017-10-13
5751:from the original on 2017-10-24
5743:Parker, Ned (21 October 2015).
5405:
5381:
5362:
5351:from the original on 2008-02-27
5331:
5318:
5305:
5270:
5244:
5225:
5199:
5188:from the original on 2018-01-04
5170:
5140:
5118:
5098:
5085:
5059:
5033:
4982:
4922:
4873:
4838:from the original on 2016-07-10
4820:
4800:
4791:
4729:from the original on 2009-04-23
4710:
4663:Fontenot, Degen & Tohn 2004
4643:Fontenot, Degen & Tohn 2004
4608:
4603:Fontenot, Degen & Tohn 2004
4566:
4555:from the original on 2009-04-16
4541:
4512:
4479:
4440:
4420:Military Balance 1989-90, p.101
4410:
4397:
4361:
4337:
4328:
4300:
4286:
4262:
4181:
4149:
4054:
3729:from the original on 2007-09-11
3520:, the 6 color "Chocolate Chip"
2996:Iraqi Special Operations Forces
2526:rifles, among other equipment.
2474:Operation Charge of the Knights
2209:51st Mechanised Division (Iraq)
1409:to power. He withdrew from the
936:were stationed in Baghdad. The
361:invasion of Iraq by U.S. forces
332:. It was formerly known as the
8270:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
7817:Nineveh Plain Protection Units
6802:West, Bing (7 December 2011).
6445:Institute for the Study of War
6373:. October 2003. Archived from
6200:- International Herald Tribune
5854:. 27 June 2007. Archived from
5844:House Armed Services Committee
5462:"Daily story on MNF-I Webpage"
4870:, pp. 244, 245, 267, 288.
3776:
3740:
3691:
3675:
3636:Uniforms of Iraqi Armed Forces
3206:Recruits and enlisted soldiers
3196:United States Military Academy
3028:formed in the spring of 2009.
2980:House Armed Services Committee
2918:Office of Security Cooperation
2805:Congressional Research Service
2788:U.S. Military Transition Teams
2259:, served in Iran–Iraq War, in
1823:In the days leading up to the
1668:during Operation Desert Storm.
1562:. It consisted of the 3rd and
1504:
944:, and the 4th Division was in
815:against the current government
430:Military of the Ottoman Empire
13:
1:
8529:
7827:Qaraqosh Protection Committee
7610:Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya
7430:Facilities Protection Service
7224:Facilities Protection Service
6793:Spearin, Christopher (2008).
6558:Historical Dictionary of Iraq
6321:
3512:Uniforms and personal weapons
3425:5.56 mm assault rifles,
3065:Kurdistan Regional Government
2867:wearing masks and armed with
2671:– dissolved and collapsed in
2603:National Operations Center –
2222:Armoured divisions up to 2003
1220:their route properly and got
651:Said strong army would allow
228:Kurdistan Region–PKK conflict
8766:in ISIL-controlled territory
8654:
7259:General Security Directorate
6970:, Tel Aviv: Ma'arachot, 1986
6732:Pollack, Kenneth M. (2002).
6636:10.1080/00263200412331301987
6598:The Military Balance 1997-98
5593:U.S. Department of Defense,
5132:. 2006-05-04. Archived from
5024:Al-Marashi & Salama 2008
4817:, Ithaca, New York, 2006, 9.
4449:""Friction in the Gulf War""
3966:Ghareeb & Dougherty 2004
3902:Al-Marashi & Salama 2008
3873:Al-Marashi & Salama 2008
3757:. 22 April 2010. p. 2.
3682:Al-Marashi & Salama 2008
3390:Iraqi Light Armored Vehicles
3345:APCs in good condition from
3258:
3156:NATO Training Mission – Iraq
2946:
2822:
2418:NATO Training Mission - Iraq
2309:Rebuilding an Army from 2003
2247:9th Armoured Division (Iraq)
2230:, active by 1967, served in
1101:Iraqi forces received their
798:In early April 1941, during
767:
47:; 103 years ago
7:
9269:1921 establishments in Iraq
8940:
8832:
8677:Council of Representatives
8415:Weapons of mass destruction
8102:
8018:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
8008:Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah
7962:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan
7630:Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas
7605:Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces
7595:Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba
7522:Popular Mobilization Forces
7186:Popular Mobilization Forces
6908:Gray, Wesley (2013-08-10).
6393:Cordesman, Anthony (2003).
6172:Serbia signs Iraq arms deal
5130:Multi-National Force – Iraq
4525:Department of the Air Force
3722:. August 2006. p. 52.
3598:
3230:
3133:
3014:Iraqi Ground Forces Command
3003:Iraqi Ground Forces Command
2998:brigade of two battalions.
2929:Iraqi Ground Forces Command
2610:Baghdad Operational Command
2564:In 2011 Lieutenant General
2478:Multi-National Force – Iraq
2438:Iraqi Ground Forces Command
2296:
2192:, served in Iran–Iraq War (
2178:, served in Iran–Iraq War,
2138:, active from at least 1941
1917:, with its headquarters at
1911:and 18th Infantry Division.
1152:assaulted positions on the
382:Popular Mobilization Forces
208:1973 Samita border skirmish
10:
9285:
8405:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
7645:Islamic Resistance in Iraq
6956:Jane's Intelligence Review
6944:International Crisis Group
6465:Jane's Intelligence Review
6010:DJ Elliott and CJ Radin -
5669:. NBC News. 18 August 2010
5504:Page 9: IGFC Basrah Sector
5043:. BBC. 26 September 2004.
4497:, pages 117-119, 443, 446.
4370:, accessed September 2020.
4063:The Arab-Israeli War, 1948
4061:O'Ballance, Edgar (1956).
3720:U.S. Department of Defense
3449:. Iraq's defence Minister
3268:
3262:
3126:
3113:Ministry of Defence (Iraq)
3041:a division numbered "16th"
2937:Ninewa Operational Command
2898:Reuters reported that the
2696:Diyala Operational Command
2659:Ninewa Operational Command
2214:53rd, 54th, 56th Divisions
2194:Operation Beit-ol-Moqaddas
2116:Fort Lewis Military Museum
1576:
1374:
1253:Transjordanian Arab Legion
897:and Arab guerrilla leader
771:
718:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930
554:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1922
428:and fought as part of the
391:
9198:
9097:
8952:
8948:
8935:
8840:
8827:
8662:
8649:
8537:
8524:
8345:
8262:
8114:
8110:
8097:
7967:Black Banner Organization
7947:
7915:
7906:
7863:
7797:
7748:
7714:
7660:
7650:Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada
7511:
7501:
7438:
7377:
7343:
7274:
7242:
7199:
7176:
7121:
7061:Christian Science Monitor
6938:The Arab Studies Journal,
6914:. Naval Institute Press.
6686:Malovany, Pesach (2017).
6609:Knights, Michael (2015).
6585:The Military Balance 2022
6412:Dupuy, Trevor N. (1978).
5238:29 September 2007 at the
5069:. BBC. 29 December 2004.
4521:Gulf War Air Power Survey
3659:The Military Balance 2024
3626:Iraqi Army Ranks Insignia
3518:Desert Camouflage Uniform
3241:non-commissioned officers
3168:Multi-National Force Iraq
3109:Counter-Terrorism Service
3043:which was "new" when the
2959:The Iraqi Army began the
2923:The new government under
2794:Military transition teams
2758:Anbar Operational Command
2499:—a month of fighting—the
2373:Iraqi Civil Defense Corps
2263:with Jihad Forces (corps)
2166:, served in Iran–Iraq War
1133:On 25 April, the Israeli
1021:overthrow of the monarchy
962:Armoured car company (14
955:Light Tank Company (Fiat
869:, chief of the Air Force.
369:withdrawal of U.S. troops
295:
281:
276:
266:
261:
158:
148:
136:
125:
115:
105:
97:
87:
77:
59:
41:
36:
31:
8756:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
8667:Administrative divisions
8030:Wakefulness and Holy War
8003:Mujahideen Shura Council
7983:Hassan Al-Basri Brigades
7878:Êzîdxan Protection Force
7730:Kurdistan Workers' Party
7681:1920 Revolution Brigades
6850:. Chicago Review Press.
6766:Simon, Reeva S. (1986).
6051:Defense Industry Daily,
5622:Andrew F. Krepinevich,
5597:, p. 23, p. 25
5095:, 8 September 2004, p.23
4815:Cornell University Press
4453:Naval War College Review
4407:, Cambridge, 2008, p.171
4405:A History of Modern Iran
4268:Solomon (Sawa) Solomon,
3641:
3528:, the U.S. Marine Corps
3026:2nd Presidential Brigade
3022:1st Presidential Brigade
2726:Basra Operations Command
2550:Special Republican Guard
2476:in Basra. They received
2416:On August 14, 2004, the
2354:First Battle of Fallujah
1992:
1835:. In all, there were 11
1813:Special Republican Guard
1783:Soviet military doctrine
1777: — fighting within
1761:that began the Gulf War.
1759:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
1377:Iraqi Republic (1958–68)
1065:Jewish national homeland
893:, the German ambassador
888:Grand Mufti of Jerusalem
658:The army would create a
541:in the aftermath of the
233:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
218:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
101:180,000 personnel (2023)
8315:Mandate for Mesopotamia
8189:First Babylonian Empire
8025:Shield of Islam Brigade
7978:Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army
7957:Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq
7888:Sinjar Resistance Units
7845:Syriac Military Council
7779:Brigade of Imam Hussein
7735:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks
7048:Cordesman, Anthony H.,
7033:Cordesman, Anthony H.,
5611:CRS Report for Congress
4977:Zacchea & Kemp 2017
4965:Wright & Reese 2008
4953:Wright & Reese 2008
4938:Wright & Reese 2008
4917:Wright & Reese 2008
4575:Military Balance 1992-3
4156:Lorch, Netanel (1961).
3574:Al-Kadesih sniper rifle
3524:, the woodland-pattern
3380:) APCs were ordered in
3317:9th Mechanised Division
3086:14th Motorised Division
3078:7th Mechanised Division
2833:4th Iraqi Army division
2718:12th Motorized Division
2587:
2559:
2459:
2440:(IFGC) headquarters at
2337:, was organized by the
1923:1st Mechanised Division
1617:across trenches and on
1424:distanced himself from
1349:Middle East Land Forces
1338:Israeli attack on Jenin
1105:with the ALA defending
838:Salah ed-Din es-Sabbagh
685:into a modern, unified
672:anti-Barzani operations
529:as the client ruler of
248:War in Iraq (2013–2017)
193:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
8474:Insurgency (2011–2013)
8395:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
8199:Middle Assyrian Empire
7580:Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda
6931:Before History Left Us
6759:International Security
6688:Wars of Modern Babylon
6659:Lyman, Robert (2005).
5927:www.globalsecurity.org
5923:"Army Order of Battle"
5104:The Long War Journal,
3562:Type 56 assault rifles
3489:In February 2009, the
3337:On July 29, 2005, the
3334:
3280:
3219:
3147:
3129:Military ranks of Iraq
3117:Prime Minister of Iraq
3098:17th Commando Division
3094:15th Infantry Division
3082:6th Motorised Division
3045:82nd Airborne Division
2956:
2872:
2799:As of March 2007, the
2702:4th Motorised Division
2679:3rd Motorised Division
2647:17th Commando Division
2641:11th Infantry Division
2625:6th Motorised Division
2582:
2469:
2413:
2318:
2278:52nd Armoured Division
2273:17th Armoured Division
2267:12th Armoured Division
2257:10th Armoured Division
2132:. Reformed after 2003.
2119:
2069:
2009:
1967:in the north, and the
1942:
1909:14th Infantry Division
1880:15th Infantry Division
1762:
1687:Iraqi Republican Guard
1676:which led to the 1991
1669:
1592:
1564:6th Armoured Divisions
1518:
1386:
1347:, Commander-in-Chief,
1173:
1052:
987:light machine guns; 8
795:
774:1941 Iraqi coup d'état
701:tribes and rose up in
675:
640:A strong army ensured
560:the British-officered
405:
37:القوات البرية العراقية
8761:in post-invasion Iraq
8467:U.S. troop withdrawal
8229:Neo-Babylonian Empire
7988:Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna
7893:Êzîdxan Women's Units
7706:Harakat Ahrar al-Iraq
7558:Special Groups (Iraq)
7534:'s Mahdi Army faction
7409:Iraqi security forces
7115:Iraqi security forces
7037:, Praeger/CSIS, 2006
7035:Iraqi Security Forces
6876:Witty, David (2015).
6490:Fisk, Robert (2005).
6473:Finer, S. E. (1962).
6098:"Defense News (dead)"
5093:Jane's Defence Weekly
3657:(February 13, 2024).
3451:Abdul-Qadir al-Obaidi
3329:
3278:
3245:commissioned officers
3218:, Iraq, Nov. 18, 2015
3213:
3144:Besmaya Gunnery Range
3141:
3102:17th Infantry Brigade
3090:1st Infantry Division
2954:
2887:in Salah al Din, the
2862:
2773:7th Infantry Division
2767:1st Infantry Division
2732:8th Commando Division
2708:5th Infantry Division
2612:– Baghdad – Lt. Gen.
2574:
2512:Operation Lion's Roar
2467:
2403:
2339:Department of Defense
2316:
2282:1st Armoured Division
2241:6th Armoured Division
2228:3rd Armoured Division
2109:
2083:4th Infantry Division
2079:2nd Infantry Division
2060:
2038:9th Armoured Division
2000:
1961:2003 invasion of Iraq
1937:Abandoned Iraqi Army
1936:
1905:10th Armored Division
1825:2003 invasion of Iraq
1819:U.S. invasion in 2003
1806:Jane's Defence Weekly
1752:
1656:
1586:
1523:3rd Armoured Division
1512:
1384:
1171:
1143:house to house combat
1076:Royal Iraqi Air Force
1057:1948 Arab–Israeli War
1042:
1035:1948 Arab–Israeli War
971:"mechanized" infantry
853:1st Infantry Division
842:3rd Infantry Division
804:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
781:
741:Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
669:
399:
188:1948 Arab–Israeli War
8710:Council of Ministers
8592:Mesopotamian Marshes
7822:Nineveh Plain Forces
7691:Islamic Army in Iraq
7590:Kata'ib Jund al-Imam
7568:Promised Day Brigade
7418:Iraqi Police Service
7209:Ministry of Interior
6613:. Washington, D.C.:
6289:www.khaleejtimes.com
6148:www.strategypage.com
5774:smallwarsjournal.com
5688:Godfroy et al. 2019b
5624:Send in the Advisers
5394:. Long War Journal.
5300:Godfroy et al. 2019b
4665:, pp. 101, 138.
4657:, pp. 662–663;
4629:, pp. 662–663;
4403:Abrahamian, Ervand,
4005:Playfair et al. 2004
3829:. 23 November 2014.
3536:. Nearly all have a
3506:9th Armored Division
3339:United Arab Emirates
3310:agreed to donate 77
3200:US Air Force Academy
2841:Al Anbar Governorate
2631:9th Armored Division
2377:Iraqi National Guard
2349:of August 18, 2003.
2042:6th Armored Division
1081:Arab Liberation Army
891:Haj Amin al-Husseini
697:unified a number of
624:and by the powerful
466:claimed the Ottoman
9259:Iraqi Ground Forces
8972:Mesopotamian Arabic
8778:Freedom of religion
8224:Neo-Assyrian Empire
8194:Old Assyrian Period
8179:Neo-Sumerian Empire
7759:Iraqi Turkmen Front
7671:Tribal Mobilization
7585:Kata'ib al-Imam Ali
7214:Ministry of Justice
7190:Tribal Mobilization
7131:Ministry of Defence
7052:, February 15, 2006
6624:Middle East Studies
6354:(August 18, 2003).
6306:Reports to Congress
5880:www.defenselink.mil
4967:, pp. 448–449.
4940:, pp. 433–436.
4919:, pp. 433–434.
4755:on December 1, 2008
4689:, pp. 662–663.
4645:, p. 101, 138.
4188:Tal, David (2004).
4109:, pp. 150–151.
4069:. pp. 84, 115.
3980:, pp. 157–158.
3937:, pp. 116–119.
3792:. 15 October 2011.
3789:The Huffington Post
3396:to the Iraqi Army.
2900:5th Division (Iraq)
2635:Baghdad Governorate
2426:Vinnell Corporation
2324:Vinnell Corporation
1969:Battle of Nasiriyah
1479:Ahmed Hasan al-Bakr
1345:Sir Brian Robertson
1275:police fort on the
1184:. On 15 May, Iraqi
1045:Humber Armoured Car
851:, commander of the
840:, commander of the
644:dominance over the
355:British control of
314:Iraqi Ground Forces
183:1943 Barzani revolt
32:Iraqi Ground Forces
8903:Telecommunications
8878:Foreign Investment
8815:Wars and conflicts
8751:in pre-Saddam Iraq
8715:Presidency Council
8501:2019–2021 protests
8430:Invasion of Kuwait
8254:Sassanid Asorestan
8249:Parthian Babylonia
8244:Seleucid Babylonia
8239:Achaemenid Assyria
8154:Jemdet Nasr period
7686:Jaish al-Rashideen
7615:Quwwat Sahl Ninawa
7548:Soldiers of Heaven
7387:Iraqi Armed Forces
7136:Iraqi Armed Forces
6992:2015-02-04 at the
6958:(November 4, 2010)
6311:2010-02-22 at the
6245:2013-05-30 at the
6196:2008-12-11 at the
6177:2008-04-04 at the
6058:2007-04-07 at the
6021:- Long War Journal
6017:2008-02-27 at the
5997:2015-09-24 at the
5652:2007-12-16 at the
5629:2007-09-27 at the
5575:on 12 January 2009
5513:- Long War Journal
5509:2008-02-27 at the
5374:2006-07-11 at the
5302:, pp. 282–83.
5283:2012-03-14 at the
5158:on 16 January 2009
5111:2007-04-08 at the
4723:The New York Times
4704:2008-02-27 at the
4275:2011-07-22 at the
3826:The New York Times
3572:machine guns, and
3554:Tabuk Sniper Rifle
3502:T-90S and SK tanks
3335:
3281:
3220:
3192:military academies
3148:
3071:In late 2020, the
2957:
2931:commander General
2904:Diyala Governorate
2873:
2809:Andrew Krepinevich
2712:Diyala Governorate
2627:– Western Baghdad.
2531:Maysan Governorate
2497:Siege of Sadr City
2470:
2414:
2375:(which became the
2319:
2120:
2070:
2053:Khuzestan Province
2010:
1943:
1827:and the following
1763:
1728:laser rangefinders
1696:Iraqi Popular Army
1674:Invasion of Kuwait
1672:By the eve of the
1670:
1633:) against Iranian
1623:human wave attacks
1593:
1536:Jordanian Campaign
1519:
1407:Abd al-Karim Qasim
1399:14 July Revolution
1391:Hashemite monarchy
1387:
1257:Jerusalem corridor
1202:double envelopment
1174:
1092:Jewish settlements
1053:
1000:Fliegerführer Irak
969:Two battalions of
796:
676:
615:centrifugal forces
458:Republic of Turkey
406:
330:Iraqi Armed Forces
110:Iraqi Armed Forces
9246:
9245:
9194:
9193:
9190:
9189:
9180:Mandaean New Year
8931:
8930:
8823:
8822:
8805:Political parties
8700:Foreign relations
8645:
8644:
8552:Lower Mesopotamia
8547:Upper Mesopotamia
8520:
8519:
8516:
8515:
8280:Abbasid Caliphate
8275:Umayyad Caliphate
8184:Isin-Larsa period
8047:
8046:
8043:
8042:
7902:
7901:
7840:
7839:
7784:Sayyid al-Shuhada
7640:Liwa Ali al-Akbar
7635:Jaysh al-Mu'ammal
7573:Kata'ib Hezbollah
7563:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
7553:Free Iraqi Forces
7538:Badr Organization
7424:Supporting Forces
7299:
7298:
7161:Air Defence Force
6815:978-0-307-80834-9
6762:, Vol. 28, No. 2.
6536:978-1-59114-279-9
6404:978-0-89206-432-8
6343:978-0-415-40078-7
6181:- IraqUpdates.com
5718:Los Angeles Times
5526:. 25 January 2010
5182:www.aljazeera.com
4879:Kenneth Pollack,
4677:, pp. 45–46.
4308:A History of Iraq
4223:, pp. 41–43.
4199:978-0-203-49954-2
4067:Faber & Faber
3904:, pp. 23–24.
3285:the 2003 invasion
2986:According to the
2933:Ali Ghaidan Majid
2637:on June 26, 2006.
2292:in February 1991.
2290:Battle of Norfolk
2251:Operation Ramadan
1973:Battle of Baghdad
1965:Task Force Viking
1848:armored divisions
1846:divisions, and 3
1589:Wafiq Al-Samarrai
1495:Abdul Rahman Arif
1403:Faisal II of Iraq
1371:Republic declared
1182:Nur ad-Din Mahmud
1117:(Lake Kinneret).
940:was stationed in
660:national identity
634:internal security
543:Franco-Syrian War
444:(RAF) with which
338:coup of July 1958
307:
306:
198:Operation Vantage
16:(Redirected from
9276:
9236:
9235:
9226:
9225:
9216:
9206:
9205:
8950:
8949:
8937:
8936:
8868:
8829:
8828:
8680:
8651:
8650:
8637:Sinjar Mountains
8627:Zagros Mountains
8567:Hamrin Mountains
8526:
8525:
8489:Mosul liberation
8462:Iraqi insurgency
8384:National Command
8373:
8209:Simurrum culture
8112:
8111:
8099:
8098:
8088:
8087:
8086:
8074:
8067:
8060:
8051:
8050:
8013:Al-Qaeda in Iraq
7949:Salafi Jihadists
7913:
7912:
7873:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê
7805:
7804:
7740:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê
7676:Awakening groups
7543:Sheibani Network
7509:
7508:
7379:Iraqi government
7372:
7371:
7365:
7364:
7358:
7357:
7351:
7350:
7326:
7319:
7312:
7303:
7302:
7113:
7112:
7101:
7094:
7087:
7078:
7077:
7063:, March 17, 2008
6929:Hamdani, Ra'ad.
6925:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6884:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6840:
6831:
6829:
6827:
6798:
6789:
6755:
6728:
6701:
6682:
6666:
6655:
6618:
6605:
6592:
6579:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6514:
6513:
6509:
6507:
6495:
6494:. Fourth Estate.
6486:
6469:
6458:
6456:
6455:
6435:
6408:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6379:
6371:www.cpa-iraq.org
6368:
6359:
6347:
6335:
6316:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6291:. Archived from
6281:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6256:
6250:
6237:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6207:
6201:
6188:
6182:
6169:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6140:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6130:
6115:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6094:
6088:
6087:
6085:
6084:
6069:
6063:
6049:
6040:
6039:
6028:
6022:
6008:
6002:
5988:
5982:
5976:
5970:
5967:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5951:
5943:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5894:
5888:
5877:
5869:
5863:
5862:
5861:on 27 June 2007.
5860:
5853:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5825:
5818:
5807:
5801:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5709:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5679:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5663:
5657:
5643:
5637:
5620:
5614:
5607:
5598:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5571:. Archived from
5565:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5542:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5520:
5514:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5486:. Archived from
5485:
5477:
5471:
5470:, August 9, 2006
5469:
5464:. Archived from
5458:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5441:War on the Rocks
5433:
5427:
5421:
5412:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5393:
5385:
5379:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5350:
5343:
5335:
5329:
5322:
5316:
5309:
5303:
5297:
5291:
5274:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5248:
5242:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5203:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5122:
5116:
5102:
5096:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5037:
5031:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5005:
4999:. Archived from
4998:
4986:
4980:
4974:
4968:
4962:
4956:
4950:
4941:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4920:
4914:
4908:
4902:
4896:
4890:
4884:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4824:
4818:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4789:
4783:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4714:
4708:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4591:
4585:
4576:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4545:
4539:
4538:
4516:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4444:
4438:
4432:
4421:
4414:
4408:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4311:
4306:Tripp, Charles.
4304:
4298:
4290:
4284:
4283:4Q,93, V16, No4.
4281:Nineveh Magazine
4266:
4260:
4254:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4162:
4161:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4110:
4104:
4098:
4092:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4023:
4017:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3817:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3752:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3728:
3717:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3689:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3651:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3560:and the Chinese
3447:trainer aircraft
3364:were donated by
3061:Khaled al-Obaidi
2973:Republican Guard
2969:Persian Gulf War
2839:large swaths of
2681:– Formed in 2005
2495:. Following the
2450:chain of command
2446:Iraqi insurgency
2366:Iraqi insurgency
2303:Persian Gulf War
2286:Operation Granby
2261:Persian Gulf War
2180:Persian Gulf War
2158:Battle of Khafji
2126:Persian Gulf War
2093:Persian Gulf War
2007:Battle of Khafji
1948:armored infantry
1915:5th Corps (Iraq)
1682:Persian Gulf War
1678:Persian Gulf War
1627:chemical weapons
1497:. Following the
1487:Abdul Salam Arif
1353:Military Attaché
1210:frontal assaults
1139:Operation Hametz
1085:Fawzi al-Qawuqji
964:Vickers Crossley
899:Fawzi al-Qawuqji
761:Ghazi bin Faisal
517:Royal Iraqi Army
487:as-Sulaymaniyyah
454:RAF Iraq Command
365:Iraqi insurgency
359:. Following the
349:inter-war period
334:Royal Iraqi Army
303:
291:
253:Syrian Civil War
166:Second World War
131:
70:
68:
67:
55:
53:
48:
29:
28:
21:
9284:
9283:
9279:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9274:
9273:
9249:
9248:
9247:
9242:
9186:
9170:Public holidays
9093:
8944:
8927:
8866:
8836:
8819:
8678:
8658:
8641:
8572:Iraqi Kurdistan
8562:Euphrates river
8533:
8512:
8479:War (2014–2017)
8425:Operation Opera
8371:
8341:
8337:Arab Federation
8325:Kingdom of Iraq
8258:
8234:Fall of Babylon
8169:Akkadian Empire
8144:Samarra culture
8129:Hassuna culture
8106:
8093:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8048:
8039:
7943:
7939:Mohammad's Army
7928:Mujahideen Army
7898:
7883:Sinjar Alliance
7859:
7855:Babylon Brigade
7836:
7799:Assyrian/Syriac
7793:
7789:Bashir Regiment
7744:
7710:
7656:
7600:Saraya al-Jihad
7497:
7493:Free Iraqi Army
7488:Al-Abud Network
7478:Patriotic Front
7453:Fedayeen Saddam
7434:
7421:National Police
7397:Iraqi Air Force
7373:
7366:
7359:
7352:
7345:
7339:
7330:
7300:
7295:
7270:
7238:
7201:Law enforcement
7195:
7172:
7117:
7107:
7105:
6994:Wayback Machine
6983:
6922:
6901:
6899:Further reading
6888:
6886:
6882:
6867:
6865:
6858:
6825:
6823:
6816:
6778:
6744:
6717:
6698:
6679:
6568:
6546:
6544:
6537:
6511:
6505:
6453:
6451:
6424:
6405:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6366:
6362:
6344:
6324:
6319:
6313:Wayback Machine
6304:
6300:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6269:
6267:
6258:
6257:
6253:
6247:Wayback Machine
6238:
6234:
6225:
6223:
6208:
6204:
6198:Wayback Machine
6189:
6185:
6179:Wayback Machine
6170:
6166:
6157:
6155:
6142:
6141:
6137:
6128:
6126:
6117:
6116:
6112:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6095:
6091:
6082:
6080:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6060:Wayback Machine
6050:
6043:
6030:
6029:
6025:
6019:Wayback Machine
6009:
6005:
5999:Wayback Machine
5989:
5985:
5977:
5973:
5968:
5964:
5956:
5949:
5945:
5944:
5940:
5931:
5929:
5921:
5920:
5916:
5905:
5901:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5875:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5858:
5851:
5847:
5842:
5838:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5816:
5808:
5804:
5796:
5792:
5783:
5781:
5768:
5767:
5763:
5754:
5752:
5741:
5737:
5727:
5725:
5710:
5706:
5698:
5694:
5686:
5682:
5672:
5670:
5665:
5664:
5660:
5654:Wayback Machine
5644:
5640:
5631:Wayback Machine
5621:
5617:
5608:
5601:
5592:
5588:
5578:
5576:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5552:
5550:
5543:
5539:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5511:Wayback Machine
5502:
5498:
5490:
5483:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5446:
5444:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5398:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5378:, June 26, 2006
5376:Wayback Machine
5367:
5363:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5341:
5337:
5336:
5332:
5323:
5319:
5310:
5306:
5298:
5294:
5285:Wayback Machine
5275:
5271:
5261:
5259:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5240:Wayback Machine
5230:
5226:
5216:
5214:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5191:
5189:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5161:
5159:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5113:Wayback Machine
5103:
5099:
5090:
5086:
5076:
5074:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5050:
5048:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5022:
5018:
5009:
5007:
5006:on May 23, 2005
5003:
4996:
4987:
4983:
4975:
4971:
4963:
4959:
4951:
4944:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4923:
4915:
4911:
4903:
4899:
4893:Eisenstadt 1993
4891:
4887:
4881:Armies of Sand,
4878:
4874:
4866:
4862:
4854:
4850:
4841:
4839:
4832:edition.cnn.com
4826:
4825:
4821:
4805:
4801:
4796:
4792:
4784:
4780:
4772:
4768:
4758:
4756:
4745:
4741:
4732:
4730:
4715:
4711:
4706:Wayback Machine
4697:
4693:
4685:
4681:
4673:
4669:
4653:
4649:
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4637:
4625:
4621:
4613:
4609:
4601:
4594:
4586:
4579:
4571:
4567:
4558:
4556:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4535:
4517:
4513:
4505:
4501:
4484:
4480:
4459:(4): 94, 106n.
4445:
4441:
4435:Eisenstadt 1993
4433:
4424:
4415:
4411:
4402:
4398:
4390:
4386:
4378:
4374:
4366:
4362:
4354:
4350:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4329:
4321:
4314:
4305:
4301:
4291:
4287:
4277:Wayback Machine
4267:
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3652:
3648:
3644:
3621:Iraqi Air Force
3611:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3532:, or Jordanian
3514:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3233:
3208:
3184:military police
3136:
3131:
3125:
3018:Baghdad Brigade
2961:Anglo-Iraqi War
2949:
2925:Haider al-Abadi
2916:, Chief of the
2825:
2790:
2775:– Ramadi, West
2663:Ninewa Province
2590:
2566:Michael Barbero
2562:
2462:
2311:
2299:
2224:
2102:
2062:Senior generals
1995:
1990:
1821:
1753:Iraqi tanks in
1746:
1651:
1603:
1591:is center-left.
1581:
1575:
1556:
1507:
1379:
1373:
1333:Carmeli Brigade
1328:Carmeli Brigade
1288:, and possibly
1135:Irgun Zvi Leumi
1103:baptism of fire
1072:state of Israel
1047:in the city of
1037:
917:Anglo-Iraqi War
822:Taha al-Hashimi
776:
770:
753:Simele massacre
714:Kingdom of Iraq
707:Mustafa Barzani
519:
495:Iraqi Air Force
479:Iraqi Kurdistan
442:Royal Air Force
394:
310:
283:
268:
257:
178:Anglo-Iraqi War
143:
129:
65:
63:
51:
49:
46:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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8908:Transportation
8905:
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8898:Stock Exchange
8895:
8893:Reconstruction
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8873:Infrastructure
8870:
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8775:
8770:
8769:
8768:
8758:
8753:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8739:
8732:Prime Minister
8729:
8728:
8727:
8717:
8712:
8702:
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8692:
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8682:
8674:
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8663:
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8486:
8476:
8471:
8470:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8449:
8444:
8443:
8442:
8440:1991 uprisings
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8390:Saddam Hussein
8387:
8376:
8375:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8351:
8349:
8343:
8342:
8340:
8339:
8334:
8333:
8332:
8322:
8320:Mandatory Iraq
8317:
8312:
8309:Mamluk dynasty
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8266:
8264:
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8174:Gutian dynasty
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7809:Nineveh Plains
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7405:
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7399:
7394:
7383:
7381:
7375:
7374:
7344:
7341:
7340:
7337:Iraqi conflict
7329:
7328:
7321:
7314:
7306:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7286:
7275:
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7193:
7192:
7191:
7182:
7180:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7170:
7169:
7168:
7166:Special Forces
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7133:
7127:
7125:
7119:
7118:
7104:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7054:
7045:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7015:
7010:
7006:D. J. Elliot,
7004:
7002:Bloomberg News
6982:
6981:External links
6979:
6978:
6977:
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6951:
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6729:
6715:
6702:
6697:978-0813169439
6696:
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6606:
6593:
6580:
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6535:
6520:
6496:
6487:
6470:
6459:
6449:Washington DC.
6436:
6422:
6409:
6403:
6390:
6360:
6348:
6342:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6317:
6298:
6295:on 2011-06-08.
6276:
6251:
6232:
6202:
6183:
6164:
6135:
6110:
6089:
6064:
6041:
6038:on 2016-08-16.
6023:
6003:
5983:
5971:
5962:
5938:
5914:
5899:
5882:. p. 52.
5864:
5836:
5802:
5790:
5761:
5735:
5704:
5692:
5680:
5658:
5638:
5615:
5599:
5586:
5560:
5537:
5515:
5496:
5493:on 2006-11-12.
5472:
5468:on 2007-09-13.
5453:
5428:
5413:
5404:
5380:
5361:
5330:
5317:
5311:USATODAY.com,
5304:
5292:
5276:Ceerwan Aziz,
5269:
5243:
5224:
5198:
5169:
5139:
5136:on 2006-07-08.
5117:
5097:
5084:
5058:
5032:
5016:
4992:(2005-03-14).
4981:
4969:
4957:
4955:, p. 435.
4942:
4930:
4921:
4909:
4907:, p. 229.
4897:
4885:
4872:
4860:
4858:, p. 205.
4848:
4819:
4808:New York Times
4799:
4790:
4788:, p. 277.
4778:
4776:, p. 168.
4766:
4739:
4709:
4691:
4679:
4675:Cordesman 2003
4667:
4661:, p. 46;
4659:Cordesman 2003
4647:
4635:
4631:Cordesman 2003
4619:
4616:Cordesman 2003
4607:
4605:, p. 153.
4592:
4577:
4565:
4540:
4533:
4511:
4509:, p. 853.
4499:
4478:
4439:
4437:, p. 124.
4422:
4409:
4396:
4394:, p. 208.
4384:
4382:, p. 207.
4372:
4360:
4358:, p. 182.
4348:
4336:
4327:
4325:, p. 167.
4312:
4299:
4285:
4261:
4249:
4237:
4225:
4213:
4198:
4180:
4178:, p. 153.
4163:
4148:
4136:
4134:, p. 151.
4111:
4099:
4097:, p. 448.
4084:
4072:
4053:
4051:, p. 150.
4024:
4009:
4007:, p. 182.
3997:
3982:
3970:
3951:
3949:, p. 116.
3939:
3927:
3925:, p. 149.
3906:
3894:
3877:
3875:, p. 206.
3865:
3863:, p. 148.
3844:
3807:
3775:
3739:
3704:
3690:
3674:
3668:978-1032780047
3667:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3600:
3597:
3542:ballistic vest
3513:
3510:
3498:Uralvagonzavod
3475:tanks and 400
3439:M90 "Strsljen"
3362:FV103 Spartans
3263:Main article:
3260:
3257:
3232:
3229:
3207:
3204:
3188:staff colleges
3180:quartermasters
3135:
3132:
3127:Main article:
3124:
3121:
2948:
2945:
2927:dismissed the
2865:special forces
2824:
2821:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2770:
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2753:
2747:
2738:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2715:
2705:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:Formed in 2015
2682:
2676:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2638:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2589:
2586:
2570:Michael Gordon
2561:
2558:
2539:Saddam Hussein
2461:
2458:
2362:David Petraeus
2310:
2307:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2238:
2232:Yom Kippur War
2223:
2220:
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2218:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:Jihad Forces (
2089:
2086:
2074:
2071:
2049:
2027:
2017:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1957:
1956:
1931:
1930:
1912:
1894:
1883:
1869:
1820:
1817:
1771:Chobham Armour
1724:thermal sights
1710:, Soviet-made
1650:
1647:
1611:trench warfare
1574:
1571:
1560:Yom Kippur War
1555:
1554:Yom Kippur War
1552:
1544:Saddam Hussein
1515:Panhard AML-60
1506:
1503:
1485:) and Colonel
1483:prime minister
1375:Main article:
1372:
1369:
1190:pontoon bridge
1127:Golani Brigade
1115:Sea of Galilee
1036:
1033:
1025:western policy
981:
980:
977:
974:
967:
960:
871:
870:
863:
856:
845:
819:Prime Minister
772:Main article:
769:
766:
749:tribal revolts
722:United Kingdom
720:, whereby the
664:
663:
656:
649:
607:
606:
596:
589:
579:
531:Mandatory Iraq
518:
515:
503:Musa al-Kadhim
426:Ottoman Empire
410:United Kingdom
393:
390:
374:New York Times
357:Mandatory Iraq
345:United Kingdom
308:
305:
304:
297:
293:
292:
285:
282:Identification
279:
278:
274:
273:
270:
264:
263:
259:
258:
256:
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245:
240:
235:
230:
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213:Yom Kippur War
210:
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102:
99:
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92:Ground warfare
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
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61:
57:
56:
43:
39:
38:
34:
33:
18:New Iraqi Army
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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9270:
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9070:
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9065:
9064:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9051:
9048:
9045:
9044:Iraqi Turkmen
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
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8683:
8681:
8679:(legislative)
8675:
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8638:
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8612:Syrian Desert
8610:
8608:
8607:Shatt al-Arab
8605:
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8545:
8543:
8542:Faw peninsula
8540:
8539:
8536:
8532:
8527:
8523:
8509:
8506:
8502:
8499:
8498:
8497:
8494:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8484:Fall of Mosul
8482:
8481:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8457:U.S. invasion
8455:
8454:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8441:
8438:
8437:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8420:Iran–Iraq War
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8385:
8381:
8378:
8377:
8374:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8348:
8344:
8338:
8335:
8331:
8328:
8327:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8310:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8285:Buyid dynasty
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8265:
8261:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8134:Halaf culture
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8100:
8096:
8091:
8085:
8075:
8070:
8068:
8063:
8061:
8056:
8055:
8052:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7999:
7998:Islamic State
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7954:
7952:
7950:
7946:
7940:
7937:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7925:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7905:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7862:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7842:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7812:
7810:
7806:
7803:
7800:
7796:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7747:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7713:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7701:Hamas of Iraq
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7662:Sunni Islamic
7659:
7651:
7648:
7647:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7510:
7507:
7504:
7500:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7483:
7480:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7437:
7431:
7428:
7423:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7376:
7370:
7363:
7356:
7349:
7342:
7338:
7334:
7327:
7322:
7320:
7315:
7313:
7308:
7307:
7304:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7273:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7245:
7241:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7198:
7189:
7188:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7179:
7175:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7146:Army Aviation
7144:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7111:
7102:
7097:
7095:
7090:
7088:
7083:
7082:
7079:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7051:
7046:
7044:
7043:0-275-98908-9
7040:
7036:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7005:
7003:
6999:
6996:(Feb. 2015),
6995:
6991:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6975:
6972:
6969:
6965:
6961:
6959:
6957:
6952:
6949:
6945:
6942:
6939:
6935:
6932:
6928:
6923:
6921:9781612514062
6917:
6913:
6912:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6881:
6880:
6874:
6863:
6859:
6857:9781613738443
6853:
6849:
6848:
6842:
6838:
6833:
6821:
6817:
6811:
6807:
6806:
6800:
6796:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6779:
6777:0-231-06074-2
6773:
6769:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6753:
6749:
6745:
6743:0-8032-3733-2
6739:
6735:
6730:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6716:1-84574-065-3
6712:
6708:
6703:
6699:
6693:
6689:
6684:
6680:
6678:1-84176-991-6
6674:
6670:
6665:
6664:
6657:
6653:
6649:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6596:IISS (1997).
6594:
6590:
6586:
6583:IISS (2022).
6581:
6577:
6573:
6569:
6567:0-8108-4330-7
6563:
6559:
6554:
6542:
6538:
6532:
6528:
6527:
6521:
6518:
6517:public domain
6504:
6503:
6497:
6493:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6471:
6468:(March 1993).
6467:
6466:
6460:
6450:
6446:
6442:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6423:0-06-011112-7
6419:
6415:
6410:
6406:
6400:
6396:
6391:
6380:on 2004-07-01
6376:
6372:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6339:
6334:
6333:
6326:
6325:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6302:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6280:
6265:
6261:
6255:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6236:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6187:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6168:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6139:
6124:
6120:
6114:
6099:
6093:
6078:
6074:
6068:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6048:
6046:
6037:
6033:
6027:
6020:
6016:
6013:
6007:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5987:
5980:
5975:
5966:
5955:
5948:
5942:
5928:
5924:
5918:
5910:
5903:
5885:
5881:
5874:
5868:
5857:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5822:
5815:
5814:
5806:
5800:, p. 18.
5799:
5794:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5765:
5750:
5746:
5739:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5696:
5689:
5684:
5668:
5662:
5655:
5651:
5648:
5642:
5636:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5619:
5612:
5606:
5604:
5596:
5590:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5548:
5541:
5525:
5519:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5500:
5489:
5482:
5476:
5467:
5463:
5457:
5442:
5438:
5432:
5426:, p. 21.
5425:
5420:
5418:
5408:
5397:
5390:
5384:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5365:
5347:
5340:
5334:
5327:
5321:
5314:
5308:
5301:
5296:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5273:
5257:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5228:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5173:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5101:
5094:
5088:
5072:
5068:
5062:
5046:
5042:
5036:
5029:
5025:
5020:
5002:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4978:
4973:
4966:
4961:
4954:
4949:
4947:
4939:
4934:
4925:
4918:
4913:
4906:
4901:
4894:
4889:
4882:
4876:
4869:
4868:Malovany 2017
4864:
4857:
4852:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4816:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4794:
4787:
4786:Malovany 2017
4782:
4775:
4774:Malovany 2017
4770:
4754:
4750:
4743:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4695:
4688:
4687:Malovany 2017
4683:
4676:
4671:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4655:Malovany 2017
4651:
4644:
4639:
4633:, p. 46.
4632:
4628:
4627:Malovany 2017
4623:
4617:
4611:
4604:
4599:
4597:
4589:
4584:
4582:
4574:
4569:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4536:
4534:0-16-041950-6
4530:
4526:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4503:
4496:
4495:1-55750-255-2
4492:
4488:
4482:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4419:
4413:
4406:
4400:
4393:
4388:
4381:
4376:
4369:
4364:
4357:
4352:
4345:
4340:
4331:
4324:
4319:
4317:
4309:
4303:
4296:
4295:
4289:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4265:
4259:, p. 64.
4258:
4253:
4247:, p. 63.
4246:
4241:
4235:, p. 43.
4234:
4233:Malovany 2017
4229:
4222:
4221:Malovany 2017
4217:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4159:
4152:
4146:, p. 51.
4145:
4140:
4133:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4108:
4103:
4096:
4091:
4089:
4082:, p. 18.
4081:
4076:
4068:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4022:, p. 26.
4021:
4016:
4014:
4006:
4001:
3995:, p. 21.
3994:
3989:
3987:
3979:
3974:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3948:
3943:
3936:
3931:
3924:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3903:
3898:
3892:, p. 25.
3891:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3874:
3869:
3862:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3760:
3756:
3749:
3743:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3708:
3700:
3694:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3646:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3603:
3596:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3556:, the Soviet
3555:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3372:and UAE. 600
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3306:In May 2005,
3304:
3302:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3228:
3224:
3217:
3212:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3160:ar Rustamiyah
3157:
3152:
3145:
3140:
3130:
3123:Rank insignia
3120:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3056:19th Division
3052:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3033:Fall of Mosul
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2965:Iran–Iraq War
2962:
2953:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2914:Mick Bednarek
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:, located in
2901:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2889:12th division
2886:
2882:
2878:
2871:, March 2020.
2870:
2869:M4A1 carbines
2866:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:Islamic State
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2829:Islamic State
2820:
2818:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2750:14th Division
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:10th Division
2739:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2685:15th Division
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2673:Fall of Mosul
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2466:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2419:
2411:
2410:82nd Airborne
2407:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2325:
2315:
2306:
2304:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:Iran–Iraq War
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2190:15th Division
2188:
2186:
2185:14th Division
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:11th Division
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1775:urban warfare
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:EE-9 Cascavel
1655:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1597:Iran–Iraq War
1590:
1585:
1580:
1573:Iran–Iraq war
1570:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:RAF Habbaniya
1357:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:Mediterranean
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:infantry-tank
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1154:Katamon Ridge
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
978:
975:
972:
968:
965:
961:
958:
954:
953:
952:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:3rd Divisions
931:
926:
922:
921:RAF Habbaniya
918:
913:
911:
907:
906:RAF Habbaniya
902:
900:
896:
892:
889:
885:
881:
876:
868:
867:Mahmud Salman
864:
861:
857:
854:
850:
846:
843:
839:
835:
834:
833:
830:
828:
823:
820:
816:
814:
810:" launched a
809:
808:Golden Square
805:
801:
793:
789:
785:
780:
775:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
732:
726:
723:
719:
715:
712:In 1932, the
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:Ahmed Barzani
690:
688:
684:
683:
673:
668:
661:
657:
654:
650:
647:
643:
639:
638:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
604:
601:
597:
594:
590:
587:
584:
580:
577:
574:
570:
569:
568:
565:
563:
557:
555:
551:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:King of Syria
532:
528:
524:
514:
512:
508:
504:
499:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
470:
465:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:during their
411:
403:
398:
389:
387:
383:
378:
376:
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
336:up until the
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
309:Military unit
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
280:
275:
271:
265:
260:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
223:Iran–Iraq War
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
172:
169:
168:
167:
164:
163:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
142:
139:
137:Anniversaries
135:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
73:
62:
58:
44:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
9072:Christianity
8954:Demographics
8888:Oil reserves
8883:Oil Industry
8850:Central Bank
8746:Human rights
8672:Constitution
8617:Tigris river
8597:Persian Gulf
8305:Ottoman Iraq
8290:Qara Qoyunlu
8124:Ubaid period
7832:Dwekh Nawsha
7774:92nd Brigade
7769:52nd Brigade
7620:Mukhtar Army
7513:Shia Islamic
7471:Popular Army
7414:Iraqi Police
7333:Armed groups
7256:
7244:Intelligence
7219:Iraqi Police
7178:Paramilitary
7060:
7049:
7034:
6967:
6963:
6955:
6947:
6937:
6930:
6910:
6887:. Retrieved
6878:
6866:. Retrieved
6846:
6836:
6824:. Retrieved
6804:
6797:. Routledge.
6794:
6767:
6757:
6733:
6706:
6687:
6662:
6630:(2): 58–79.
6627:
6623:
6610:
6597:
6584:
6557:
6545:. Retrieved
6525:
6501:
6491:
6474:
6463:
6444:
6413:
6394:
6382:. Retrieved
6375:the original
6370:
6331:
6301:
6293:the original
6288:
6279:
6268:. Retrieved
6254:
6235:
6224:. Retrieved
6205:
6186:
6167:
6156:. Retrieved
6147:
6138:
6127:. Retrieved
6113:
6101:. Retrieved
6092:
6081:. Retrieved
6067:
6036:the original
6026:
6006:
5986:
5974:
5965:
5941:
5930:. Retrieved
5926:
5917:
5902:
5891:. Retrieved
5879:
5867:
5856:the original
5839:
5828:. Retrieved
5812:
5805:
5798:Knights 2015
5793:
5782:. Retrieved
5773:
5764:
5753:. Retrieved
5738:
5726:. Retrieved
5717:
5707:
5702:, p. 7.
5700:Knights 2015
5695:
5683:
5671:. Retrieved
5661:
5641:
5618:
5610:
5594:
5589:
5577:. Retrieved
5573:the original
5563:
5551:. Retrieved
5540:
5528:. Retrieved
5518:
5499:
5488:the original
5475:
5466:the original
5456:
5445:. Retrieved
5443:. 2014-07-01
5440:
5431:
5407:
5383:
5364:
5353:. Retrieved
5333:
5320:
5307:
5295:
5287:
5272:
5260:. Retrieved
5246:
5227:
5215:. Retrieved
5201:
5190:. Retrieved
5181:
5172:
5160:. Retrieved
5156:the original
5152:Iraq Updates
5151:
5142:
5134:the original
5120:
5100:
5087:
5075:. Retrieved
5061:
5049:. Retrieved
5035:
5019:
5008:. Retrieved
5001:the original
4984:
4972:
4960:
4933:
4924:
4912:
4905:Spearin 2008
4900:
4888:
4880:
4875:
4863:
4856:Pollack 2002
4851:
4840:. Retrieved
4831:
4822:
4811:
4802:
4793:
4781:
4769:
4757:. Retrieved
4753:the original
4747:Rohr, Karl.
4742:
4731:. Retrieved
4722:
4712:
4694:
4682:
4670:
4650:
4638:
4622:
4610:
4568:
4557:. Retrieved
4543:
4520:
4514:
4502:
4481:
4456:
4452:
4442:
4412:
4404:
4399:
4392:Pollack 2002
4387:
4380:Pollack 2002
4375:
4363:
4356:Pollack 2002
4351:
4344:Pollack 2002
4339:
4330:
4323:Pollack 2002
4307:
4302:
4292:
4288:
4280:
4264:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4189:
4183:
4176:Pollack 2002
4157:
4151:
4139:
4132:Pollack 2002
4107:Pollack 2002
4102:
4095:Pollack 2002
4075:
4062:
4056:
4049:Pollack 2002
4000:
3973:
3942:
3930:
3923:Pollack 2002
3897:
3868:
3861:Pollack 2002
3835:. Retrieved
3824:
3798:. Retrieved
3787:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3742:
3731:. Retrieved
3719:
3707:
3693:
3677:
3658:
3649:
3590:
3550:Zastava M-70
3515:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3470:
3459:
3409:
3398:
3386:Otokar Akrep
3377:
3351:
3336:
3305:
3297:
3293:1st Division
3282:
3234:
3225:
3221:
3165:
3153:
3149:
3106:
3070:
3053:
3030:
3011:
3007:
3000:
2990:
2985:
2977:
2958:
2941:
2922:
2911:
2908:
2897:
2893:5th Division
2885:4th division
2874:
2849:
2826:
2814:
2798:
2791:
2669:2nd Division
2598:
2591:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2563:
2554:Ba'ath Party
2547:
2543:
2535:
2528:
2509:
2486:
2471:
2455:
2442:Camp Victory
2435:
2423:
2415:
2370:
2351:
2328:
2320:
2300:
2170:8th Division
2164:7th Division
2154:5th Division
2148:4th Division
2142:3rd Division
2136:2nd Division
2122:1st Division
1958:
1941:tanks, 2003.
1890:An Nasiriyah
1852:
1822:
1810:
1799:
1795:
1764:
1745:
1740:Challenger 1
1732:sabot rounds
1700:
1671:
1666:Saudi Arabia
1619:no-mans land
1602:
1594:
1568:
1557:
1548:
1541:
1528:Jordan River
1520:
1472:Ba'ath Party
1469:
1445:
1438:
1426:Abd an-Nāsir
1419:
1415:Soviet Union
1411:Baghdad Pact
1388:
1358:
1342:
1325:
1321:
1306:
1270:
1226:
1194:Jordan River
1175:
1147:
1132:
1111:Huleh Valley
1100:
1089:
1054:
1029:Soviet Union
1017:Nuri al-Said
997:
982:
950:
946:Al Diwaniyah
938:2nd Division
914:
903:
895:Fritz Grobba
883:
880:Nazi Germany
874:
872:
849:Kamal Shahib
831:
812:
800:World War II
797:
784:Iraqi Levies
737:Nuri as-Said
729:
727:
711:
691:
687:Iraqi nation
680:
677:
674:, June 1932.
619:
608:
566:
558:
520:
500:
468:
462:
407:
388:operations.
384:during anti-
379:
372:
352:
342:
333:
321:
313:
311:
106:Part of
26:
9228:WikiProject
9029:Marsh Arabs
9014:Circassians
8695:Foreign aid
8587:Mesopotamia
8149:Uruk period
8035:White Flags
7917:Nationalist
6962:Tzvi Ofer,
5747:. Reuters.
5645:PRWeb.com,
5553:January 29,
5549:. McClatchy
4759:29 December
4416:Brassey's,
3837:22 February
3613:Iraq portal
3586:M4 carbines
3584:rifles and
3566:Zastava M72
3473:M1A1 Abrams
3462:M1A1 Abrams
3427:Zastava M84
3423:Zastava M21
3421:hand guns,
3347:Switzerland
3154:Members of
2614:Abud Qanbar
1981:Paul Bremer
1959:During the
1779:Kuwait City
1767:penetrators
1755:Kuwait City
1662:armored car
1657:Iraqi Army
1643:Iraqi Kurds
1641:as well as
1631:mustard gas
1615:barbed wire
1607:World War I
1530:the entire
1513:Iraqi Army
1505:Six-Day War
1499:Six-Day War
1395:coup d'état
1365:Iraq Levies
1294:Alexandroni
1192:across the
1178:Transjordan
1069:independent
1061:Arab states
959:tankettes);
925:air strikes
813:coup d'état
731:coup d'état
703:open revolt
630:Iraq Levies
562:Iraq Levies
448:controlled
434:Iraq Levies
422:World War I
347:during the
203:Six-Day War
159:Engagements
144:(January 6)
116:Garrison/HQ
9253:Categories
9145:Television
9125:Literature
9087:Irreligion
9062:Secularism
8999:Minorities
8867:(currency)
8860:Corruption
8705:Government
8496:Insurgency
8295:Aq Qoyunlu
8116:Chronology
7908:Insurgents
7527:Mahdi Army
7505:and others
7475:New Return
7440:Ba'athists
7402:Iraqi Navy
7392:Iraqi Army
7284:Biological
6966:, transl.
6868:2017-09-01
6600:. London:
6587:. London:
6483:1086799768
6454:2023-01-04
6452:Retrieved
6322:References
6270:2018-03-10
6226:2008-10-07
6158:2012-09-25
6129:2012-09-25
6103:11 October
6083:2007-09-07
5979:Witty 2015
5932:2023-01-04
5893:2007-09-07
5830:2017-10-14
5784:2017-10-12
5755:2017-10-12
5728:12 October
5579:11 October
5530:11 October
5447:2017-10-12
5355:2008-04-05
5262:11 October
5217:11 October
5192:2018-01-03
5077:11 October
5051:11 October
5026:, p.
5010:2008-10-07
4990:Kalev Sepp
4883:2019, 162.
4842:2018-05-27
4733:2010-05-04
4559:2009-06-20
4257:Levey 2004
4245:Levey 2004
4144:Dupuy 1978
4080:Dupuy 1978
4065:. London:
4020:Lyman 2005
3993:Lyman 2005
3978:Finer 1962
3947:Simon 1986
3935:Simon 1986
3890:Lyman 2005
3733:2007-09-07
3701:. Defaiya.
3684:, p.
3631:Iraqi Navy
3360:, and 100
3358:APC Talhas
3269:See also:
3253:West Point
3031:After the
2651:Mahmadiyah
2501:Mahdi Army
2493:Green Zone
2335:Paul Eaton
1925:, and the
1893:Nasiriyah.
1844:mechanized
1692:conscripts
1577:See also:
1475:took power
993:Lewis guns
860:Fahmi Said
745:Bakr Sidqi
598:One field
595:regiments,
576:battalions
322:Iraqi Army
262:Commanders
9165:Squatting
9130:Education
9077:Mandaeism
9046:/Turkoman
9024:Mandaeans
9009:Assyrians
9004:Armenians
8967:Languages
8855:Companies
8810:Judiciary
8720:President
8690:Elections
8685:Democracy
8531:Geography
8447:Sanctions
8365:2003–2011
8360:1968–2003
8355:1958–1968
8214:Babylonia
7972:Abu Theeb
7764:16Brigade
7725:Peshmerga
7625:Hezbollah
7532:Abu Deraa
7156:Air Force
6725:276341649
6652:144247141
5673:18 August
5288:USA Today
5254:. MNF-I.
5162:3 January
4588:IISS 1997
4507:Fisk 2005
4465:0028-1484
4294:The Times
4208:647395884
3431:M79 "Osa"
3378:Ain Jaria
3332:KrAZ-6322
3259:Equipment
3216:Camp Taji
3176:engineers
2978:The U.S.
2947:Structure
2823:2014–2016
2817:agreement
2745:Nasiriyah
2736:Diwaniyah
2728:– Basrah
2710:(Iron) –
2489:Sadr City
2406:commandos
2088:7th Corps
2073:5th Corps
2068:, 1960's.
2046:Al Amarah
2034:Nasariyah
2030:3rd Corps
2020:2nd Corps
2014:1st Corps
2001:Modified
1897:4th Corps
1886:3rd Corps
1872:2nd Corps
1862:1st Corps
1840:divisions
1736:M1 Abrams
1639:civilians
1629:(such as
1532:West Bank
1491:president
1277:Jerusalem
1241:West Bank
1186:engineers
1158:Jerusalem
1156:south of
923:launched
884:golpistas
788:Liverpool
768:1941 coup
648:majority;
600:artillery
586:regiments
523:Hashemite
507:Kadhimyah
269:commander
149:Equipment
9208:Category
9057:Religion
9034:Persians
8918:Railways
8913:Airlines
8795:Military
8656:Politics
8632:Wildlife
8622:Umm Qasr
8452:Iraq War
8435:Gulf War
8347:Republic
8300:Safavids
8263:638–1958
7974:'s group
7867:militias
7801:militias
7752:militias
7718:militias
7664:militias
7515:militias
7503:Militias
7289:Chemical
7123:Military
6998:Eli Lake
6990:Archived
6862:Archived
6820:Archived
6786:12949947
6752:49225708
6576:52301709
6541:Archived
6397:. CSIS.
6309:Archived
6264:Archived
6243:Archived
6220:Archived
6194:Archived
6175:Archived
6152:Archived
6123:Archived
6077:Archived
6056:Archived
6015:Archived
5995:Archived
5954:Archived
5884:Archived
5821:Archived
5778:Archived
5749:Archived
5722:Archived
5650:Archived
5627:Archived
5507:Archived
5396:Archived
5372:Archived
5346:Archived
5281:Archived
5256:Archived
5236:Archived
5211:Archived
5186:Archived
5109:Archived
5071:Archived
5045:Archived
4836:Archived
4727:Archived
4702:Archived
4553:Archived
4473:44637661
4273:Archived
3831:Archived
3794:Archived
3759:Archived
3724:Archived
3599:See also
3546:Cold War
3455:Belgrade
3453:visited
3443:Lasta 95
3403:and 400
3374:AMZ Dzik
3370:Pakistan
3231:Officers
3198:and the
3134:Training
2777:Al Anbar
2541:regime.
2382:Fallujah
2343:Qaraqosh
2297:Brigades
2130:Iraq War
2112:Gulf War
2095:of 1991)
2024:Gulf War
1971:and the
1837:infantry
1829:Iraq War
1734:used by
1708:Type 69s
1704:Type 59s
1441:Army Day
1281:Tel Aviv
1222:ambushed
1188:built a
1113:and the
875:de facto
865:Colonel
858:Colonel
847:Colonel
836:Colonel
682:vilayets
593:mountain
573:infantry
527:Faisal I
491:Rawanduz
471:of Mosul
353:de facto
277:Insignia
243:Iraq War
238:Gulf War
141:Army Day
9238:Commons
9155:Smoking
9120:Culture
9115:Cuisine
9098:General
9082:Yazidis
9039:Solluba
8992:Persian
8982:Kurdish
8977:Aramaic
8942:Society
8923:Tourism
8834:Economy
8582:Islands
8557:Borders
8382: (
8372:present
8307:(incl.
8219:Assyria
8164:Subartu
8104:History
7920:Salafis
7750:Turkmen
7716:Kurdish
7463:Al-Awda
7335:in the
7261:(2004))
6826:10 July
6644:4289899
6547:16 June
6432:4004996
6384:July 1,
3800:24 June
3500:for 73
3477:Stryker
3466:Stryker
3308:Hungary
2837:conquer
2605:Baghdad
2428:to the
2390:Kurdish
2284:during
1899:, near
1888:, near
1874:, near
1864:, near
1434:Barzānī
1401:. King
1317:Netanya
1313:Shechem
1298:Carmeli
1237:Tulkarm
1163:Samaria
1150:Palmach
1123:Haganah
1051:, 1948.
1013:hanging
1009:Baghdad
989:Vickers
699:Kurdish
653:Baghdad
611:Persian
603:battery
583:cavalry
537:by the
511:Baghdad
469:vilayet
440:of the
414:mandate
392:History
267:Current
120:Baghdad
60:Country
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42:Founded
9218:Portal
9160:Sports
9135:Health
9110:Cinema
8962:Iraqis
8865:Dinar
8800:Police
8602:Places
8092:topics
7865:Yazidi
7041:
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6062:, 2005
5656:, 2006
5613:, p.41
5315:, 2004
5115:, 2005
4531:
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3768:3 July
3665:
3564:, the
3530:MARPAT
3445:basic
3437:, and
3435:Bumbar
3411:Serbia
3382:Poland
3366:Jordan
3343:M113A1
3182:, and
3172:medics
3049:Ramadi
2883:, the
2863:Iraqi
2762:Ramadi
2404:Iraqi
1901:Amarah
1876:Diyala
1866:Kirkuk
1714:&
1635:troops
1464:Kuwait
1458:, and
1448:Kuwait
1309:Zarqaa
1302:Golani
1290:Nablus
1273:Latrun
1265:Israel
1229:Nablus
1198:Gesher
1002:, and
942:Kirkuk
882:. The
827:regent
782:Three
626:tribes
581:Three
539:French
483:Kirkuk
464:Ankara
446:London
420:after
326:Arabic
318:Arabic
284:symbol
130:
126:Colors
69:
9150:Music
9140:Media
9067:Islam
9019:Kurds
8845:Banks
8783:Women
8577:Lakes
8370:2011–
8330:Kings
8159:Sumer
6883:(PDF)
6648:S2CID
6640:JSTOR
6506:(PDF)
6378:(PDF)
6367:(PDF)
5957:(PDF)
5950:(PDF)
5887:(PDF)
5876:(PDF)
5859:(PDF)
5852:(PDF)
5824:(PDF)
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5491:(PDF)
5484:(PDF)
5399:(PDF)
5392:(PDF)
5349:(PDF)
5342:(PDF)
5004:(PDF)
4997:(PDF)
4469:JSTOR
3762:(PDF)
3751:(PDF)
3727:(PDF)
3716:(PDF)
3642:Notes
3582:M16A4
3578:M16A2
3538:PASGT
3484:BTR-4
3419:CZ-99
3405:M1151
3401:M1114
3394:BMP-1
3356:, 44
3354:M113s
3312:T-72s
3111:is a
2881:Mosul
2845:Mosul
2734:– HQ
2649:– HQ
2516:AK-47
2394:Sunni
2066:Mosul
1993:Corps
1953:Anbar
1919:Mosul
1833:corps
1720:T-72s
1716:T-62s
1712:T-55s
1430:Mosul
1422:Qāsim
1420:When
1286:Jenin
1245:Haifa
1233:Jenin
1218:scout
1119:Zefat
1107:Zefat
1096:Syria
1049:Jenin
1004:Italy
957:L3/35
910:Basra
757:Staff
642:Sunni
622:Kurds
547:Sunni
525:King
438:bases
416:over
402:AK-47
9050:Jews
8773:LGBT
8737:List
8725:List
8090:Iraq
7151:Navy
7141:Army
7039:ISBN
7019:2005
6916:ISBN
6891:2016
6852:ISBN
6828:2016
6810:ISBN
6782:OCLC
6772:ISBN
6748:OCLC
6738:ISBN
6721:OCLC
6711:ISBN
6692:ISBN
6673:ISBN
6572:OCLC
6562:ISBN
6549:2015
6531:ISBN
6479:OCLC
6428:OCLC
6418:ISBN
6399:ISBN
6386:2004
6338:ISBN
6105:2014
5730:2017
5675:2010
5581:2014
5555:2020
5532:2014
5264:2014
5219:2014
5164:2018
5079:2014
5053:2014
4761:2008
4573:IISS
4529:ISBN
4491:ISBN
4461:ISSN
4418:IISS
4204:OCLC
4194:ISBN
3839:2017
3802:2013
3770:2013
3663:ISBN
3580:and
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3522:DBDU
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3376:-3 (
3352:173
3321:Taji
3289:T-55
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3190:and
3166:The
3107:The
3037:ISIS
2588:2012
2560:2011
2522:and
2520:M-16
2460:2008
2386:Shia
2329:The
2128:and
2003:T-55
1939:T-72
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1842:, 3
1800:The
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1787:USAF
1706:and
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571:Six
550:Arab
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