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33 feet (10 m) at high tide. Because of the difficulty of the navigation required, since 1694, New York had required all ships to be guided into the harbor by an experienced pilot. The new channel Gedney discovered was 2 feet (0.61 m) deeper, enough of an added margin that fully laden ships could come into the harbor even at slack tide. Gedney's
Channel, as it came to be called, was also shorter than the previous channel, another benefit appreciated by the ship owners and the merchants they sold to. Gedney received the praise of the city, as well as an expensive silver
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432:, where he received a canoe party of Lenape. A party of his sailors may have taken on fresh water at a spring called "the watering place" on Staten Island—a monument stands in a tiny park on the corner of Bay Street and Victory Boulevard at the approximate spot—but Verrazzano's descriptions of the geography of the area are a bit ambiguous. It is fairly firmly held by historians that his ship anchored at the approximate location of the modern
386:
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962:
535:, I can therefore make no comparison, but my imagination is incapable of conceiving any thing of the kind more beautiful than the harbour of New York. Various and lovely are the objects which meet the eye on every side, but the naming them would only be to give a list of words, without conveying the faintest idea of the scene. I doubt if ever the pencil of
509:
into New York Harbor. Previously, the passage was complex and shallow enough that loaded ships would wait outside the harbor until high tide, to avoid running into the huge sandbar, which was interrupted in a number of places by channels of fairly shallow depth: 21 feet (6.4 m) at low tide and
925:
from these sources has been a constant phenomenon, although there have been improvements in some areas of the harbor complex in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. A 2019 study of the harbor identifies water quality trends in nine regions of the harbor, using data collected during 1996 to 2017.
539:
could do it justice, bright and glorious as it rose upon us. We seemed to enter the harbour of New York upon waves of liquid gold, and as we darted past the green isles which rise from its bosom, like guardian centinels of the fair city, the setting sun stretched his horizontal beams farther and
946:
and related pollution control laws, along with cleanup programs and conservation measures throughout the region, have begun to yield some improvements since the 1970s. The study authors state that "the New York Harbor ecosystem is much healthier than it was 30 years ago."
250:. It provides the main passage for the waters of the Hudson River as it empties through the Narrows. The channel of the Hudson as it passes through the harbor is called the Anchorage Channel and is approximately 50 feet deep in the midpoint of the harbor.
306:, where it is consolidated for easier automated transfer to land conveyance. As a consequence, the waterfront industries of the Harbor experienced a decline leading to diverse plans for revitalization, though important maritime uses remain at
658:, encompassing both islands, recalls the period of massive immigration to the United States at the turn of the 20th century While many stayed in the region, others spread across America, with more than 10 million leaving from the nearby
827:
The Harbor reached its peak activity in March 1943 during World War II, with 543 ships at anchor awaiting assignment to convoy or berthing (with as many as 426 seagoing vessel already at one of the 750 piers or docks). Eleven hundred
436:'s approach viaduct in Brooklyn. He also observed what he believed to be a large freshwater lake to the north (apparently Upper New York Bay). He apparently did not travel north to observe the existence of the Hudson River. In 1609
942:(nitrogen and phosphorus) were observed throughout the various harbor regions, although there has been a general lowering trend in total nitrogen, and some other indicator parameters show improvements. The implementation of the
1000:. The port has diminished in importance to passenger travel, but the Port Authority operates all three major airports, La Guardia (built 1939) and JFK/Idlewild (built 1948) in New York, and Newark (built 1928) in New Jersey.
564:
destinations. By about 1840, more passengers and a greater tonnage of cargo came through the port of New York than all other major harbors in the country combined and by 1900 it was one of the great international ports. The
773:. The U-boat captains were able to silhouette target ships against the glow of city lights, and attacked with relative impunity, in spite of U.S. naval concentrations within the Harbor. Casualties included the tankers
612:, specially designed barges with rails so cars could be rolled on. New York subsidized this service which undercut rival ports. Major road improvements allowing for trucking and containerization diminished the need.
975:
The Port of New York and New Jersey is the largest oil importing port and third largest container port in the nation. The commercial activity of the port of New York City, including the waterfronts of the
2431:
1931:
1176:
708:
715:
926:
The Lower New York Bay region has the highest quality, due to frequent exchange of water with the
Atlantic Ocean. The poorest regions are those with limited exchange of water flows:
284:
beds in the world and provided a staple for the diet of all classes of citizens both locally and regionally until the end of the 19th century, when the beds succumbed to pollution.
440:
entered the Harbor and explored a stretch of the river that now bears his name. His journey prompted others to explore the region and engage in trade with the local population.
3938:
905:. An additional concern is the U.S. Customs "green lane" program, in which trusted shippers have fewer containers inspected, providing easier access for contraband material.
466:
sheltered from winds and ice, which was completed late in 1648 and called
Schreyers Hook Dock (near what is now Pearl and Broad Streets). This prepared New York as a leading
2987:
1815:
1271:
2554:
1982:
2419:
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893:
over the ownership by a foreign corporation, particularly Arabic, of a U.S. port operation, this in spite of the fact the current operator was the
British-based
1933:
National War Labor Board; A History of Its
Formation and Activities, Together with Its Awards and the Documents of Importance in the Record of Its Development
3903:
3342:
1316:
2399:
3069:
3059:
875:
604:, transporting passengers and freight from all over the United States. The freight was ferried across by the competing railroads with small fleets of
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between
Brooklyn and Staten Island, which will eventually allow for dredging of the channel to nearly 100 feet (30 m), was begun in April 2012.
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1894:
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The harbor supports a very diverse population of marine species, allowing for recreational fishing, most commonly for striped bass and bluefish.
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981:
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3144:
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3112:
3107:
3102:
3014:
2581:
2185:
1937:
750:
687:
808:'s lead and blackout the lights of coastal cities. However, some lights were darkened, including those of the amusement parks in
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1281:
898:
848:
Deterrence and investigation of criminal activity, especially relating to organized crime, is the responsibility of the bi-state
659:
502:
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3160:
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52:
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1945:
1654:
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989:
965:
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It started on
January 9 and was paused on January 13 for arbitration. The strike resumed March 4 after workers rejected the
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1979:
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2432:
The Port
Authority of New York and New Jersey: Global Changes, Regional Gains and Local Challenges in Port Development
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In 1835, Lieutenant Thomas Gedney of the Survey of the Coast (renamed the United States Coast Survey in 1836 and the
690:
labor ruling and ended on April 20, 1919 after new terms had been offered by both public and private port employers.
102:
3908:
3389:
3029:
2930:
2793:
1025:
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was completed on the East River. Because of its location and depth, the Port grew rapidly with the introduction of
832:
with nearly 1.5 square miles (3.9 km) of enclosed space served freight along with 575 tugboats and 39 active
3832:
2810:
2783:
2727:
2613:
997:
956:
561:
392:, 1660: early East River docks along left bottom; protective wall against the British on right. West is at top. (
156:
20:
623:. Over $ 1.2 million of initial funding was appropriated for the dredging of 40-foot-deep (12.2 m) channels at
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620:
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1460:
1341:
890:
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2608:
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1363:
902:
2066:
1963:
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3614:
3594:
2858:
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2714:
2475:
2126:
307:
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984:. Since the 1950s, the New York and Brooklyn commercial port has been almost completely eclipsed by the
3722:
3669:
3566:
3506:
3175:
3167:
3046:
2997:
2588:
2254:, Robert G. Albion with the collaboration of Jennie Barnes Pope, Northeastern University Press, 1967. (
597:
288:
211:
114:
91:
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3634:
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2520:
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2005:
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1029:
917:
in New York Harbor has been affected by centuries of shipping activity, industrial development and
447:
in 1624, and in
Brooklyn eight years after that; soon these were connected by ferry operation. The
588:
In 1870, the city established the
Department of Docks to systematize waterfront development, with
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3777:
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3732:
3576:
3501:
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840:. With a large inventory of heavy equipment, this made New York Harbor the busiest in the world.
524:
346:
342:
2109:
1795:
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3812:
3797:
3762:
3496:
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3430:
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3410:
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3214:
2992:
2788:
2722:
2598:
2571:
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1782:
1266:
790:
778:
769:
aces loose against the merchant fleet in U.S. territorial waters in January 1942, starting the
632:
616:
405:
366:
48:
44:. Ellis Island (north) and Liberty Island (south) are shown in the northwest corner of the bay.
1823:
1095:
3752:
3556:
3466:
3415:
3349:
3298:
3280:
2980:
2950:
2868:
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2732:
2618:
2428:
by Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University, 1998–2006.
867:
849:
821:
2088:
3827:
3802:
3384:
3202:
3154:
2873:
2853:
2640:
2441:
1435:
1244:
863:
794:
481:
In 1686, the British colonial officials gave the municipality control over the waterfront.
1763:
The Statutes at Large of the United States of America, from March, 1897, to March, 1899...
1364:"Cross Harbor Freight Program – Studies & Reports – The Port Authority of NY & NJ"
8:
3817:
3772:
3737:
3717:
3420:
3369:
3270:
3233:
2240:, researcher Wendy Marech, designer Alexander Isley Inc. Penguin Press, New York, 2005. (
1895:"MORE FOR PORT WORKERS.; Arbitration Board, Unionists and Employers, Announces Agreement"
1646:
1624:
1041:
1017:
624:
589:
334:
326:
opened in 1976. In recent years, it has become a popular site for recreation sailing and
191:
2409:
2182:
980:
and nearby cities in New Jersey, since 1921 has been formalized under a single bi-state
3787:
3747:
3727:
2880:
2650:
1873:
1865:
1840:
Squires, Benjamin M. (1919). "The Marine Workers Affiliation of the Port of New York".
1708:
1079:
1065:
1033:
939:
837:
817:
628:
582:
429:
425:
323:
273:
223:
195:
133:
118:
72:
37:
2217:
901:, a company dominated by a Chinese Communist official, has the operating contract for
3851:
3481:
3354:
2905:
2737:
2349:
2335:
2321:
2283:
2269:
2255:
2241:
1941:
1902:
1877:
1857:
1724:
1650:
1598:
1492:
1393:
1258:
1131:
886:
854:
770:
762:
639:
511:
471:
239:
64:
804:
to spot targets at night, but local officials resisted suggestions that they follow
86:
3531:
2163:
1849:
1770:
1216:
455:
444:
261:
2434:, Jean-Paul Rodrigue Department of Economics & Geography, Hofstra University,
1413:
https://www.nan.usace.army.mil/Portals/37/Appendix%20B1%20-%20Channel%20Design.pdf
3546:
3471:
2955:
2390:
2294:
2189:
2133:
2095:
2076:
2062:
2043:
2028:
2009:
1986:
1967:
1802:
1747:
1101:
943:
922:
540:
farther at each moment, as if to point out to us some new glory in the landscape.
536:
494:
132:
is a bay that covers all of the Upper Bay and an extremely small portion of the
3551:
3521:
3476:
3461:
2317:
2313:
2168:
2151:
1487:
1482:
1182:
985:
894:
647:
532:
448:
319:
299:
287:
Historically, it has played an extremely important role in the commerce of the
269:
152:
141:
80:
1595:
The New York Waterfront: Evolution and Building Culture of the Port and Harbor
733:
295:
recalls the immigrant experience during the late 19th and early 20th century.
28:
3897:
3879:
3866:
3536:
3359:
3097:
3009:
2703:
2491:
2410:
Public Parks, Recreational Access, and the Post-Industrial Harbor of New York
1906:
1861:
1638:
977:
927:
914:
797:
losses of 1 of 26 mariners, a rate exceeding those of the other U.S. forces.
557:
417:
393:
389:
354:
235:
219:
179:
167:
106:
2216:, Metropolitan Section, American Society of Engineers, 1997, available from
786:
3561:
3516:
3491:
3180:
2150:
Tallie, Dylan M.; O'Neil, Judith M.; Dennison, William C. (November 2019).
1750:, Louis L. Jaffe, Mercer Beasley Law Review, v. 2, no. 2, p. 136–170, 1933.
1210:
1186:
1164:
1145:
1116:
1016:, and tourist excursion boats. Although most ferry service is private, the
931:
918:
859:
809:
758:
651:
570:
566:
527:
wrote of her impressions upon entering New York Harbor for the first time:
437:
265:
247:
207:
137:
56:
33:
2381:—National Parks and other recreational and educational sites on the harbor
2237:
2079:), Civil Action No. 82-689, US District of New Jersey, February 8, 1984.
1087:
1009:
935:
719:
592:
as the first engineer in chief. By the turn of the 20th century numerous
578:
506:
421:
409:
362:
358:
311:
227:
187:
76:
41:
1805:, The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc., 2000 (source NPS)
1570:
1317:"The Port of New York and New Jersey, a Critical Hub of Global Commerce"
3571:
3260:
3256:
3129:
3124:
1869:
993:
969:
878:(RICO) trusteeship, and in 2005 a similar suit was brought against the
615:
The harbor saw major federal investment at the end of the century when
574:
553:
463:
277:
254:
243:
231:
145:
122:
110:
95:
68:
60:
3225:
789:
embarkation point for the U.S., was effectively a staging area in the
560:
port between Europe and the interior of the United States, as well as
3002:
2691:
2679:
1194:
1061:
871:
829:
742:
698:
609:
549:
459:
357:
near Richmond County Borough Hall and Richmond County Supreme Court.
338:
215:
171:
2373:
2282:, WPA Writers Project, 1941; reissued by Going Coastal, Inc. 2004. (
1367:
885:
In March 2006, the Port passenger facility was to be transferred to
194:. The name may also refer to the entirety of New York Bay including
2685:
2370:—Live streaming views from Staten Island using an HD-quality camera
2332:
Great Ships in New York Harbor: 175 Historic Photographs, 1935–2005
1853:
833:
813:
738:
175:
1463:. New York City Economic Development Commission. February 13, 2013
1344:. New York City Economic Development Commission. February 13, 2013
1514:"Interpretations of New York-New Jersey Agreements 1834 and 1921"
1425:"NY Mayor Bloomberg Helps Launch New York Harbor Siphons Project"
801:
605:
545:
400:
The original population of the 16th century New York Harbor, the
337:, which runs between Whitehall Street at the southernmost tip of
280:
side of the harbor. The reef was historically one of the largest
148:
2460:
2367:
1816:"Jersey City Past and Present | New Jersey City University"
2697:
2384:
2378:
2214:
Guide to Civil Engineering Projects in and around New York City
1960:
805:
766:
693:
413:
401:
385:
302:
traffic has been primarily routed through the Kill Van Kull to
281:
1083:
1037:
1013:
852:. The commission was set up in 1953 (a year before the movie
746:
722:
victory fleet of battleships in New York Harbor in April 1919
327:
315:
1808:
961:
467:
1643:
Gotham Unbound: The Ecological History of Greater New York
1366:. Crossharborstudy.com. September 11, 2001. Archived from
2320:; introduction, Haynes Johnson; Chamberlain Bros. 2005. (
2298:, John H. Morrison, Wm. F. Sametz and Co., New York, 1909
2201:
1272:
Commissioner of Docks and Ferries of the City of New York
2149:
2002:
2387:—Partnership to protect and restore the Harbor Estuary.
2152:"Water quality gradients and trends in New York Harbor"
1980:"Port in a Storm: The Port of New York in World War II"
443:
The first permanent European settlement was started on
2089:
Fact Sheet on Acquisition of P&O Ports by DP World
1773:: Government Printing Office. 1899. pp. 1123–1124
650:
in the harbor, while the nearby main port of entry at
276:
which are supported by a large underwater reef on the
3939:
Ports and harbors of the United States Atlantic coast
1930:
J. Davis, James; Ethelbert, Stewart (December 1921).
654:
processed 12 million arrivals from 1892 to 1954. The
404:, used the waterways for fishing and travel. In 1524
1597:, edited by Kevin Bone, The Monacelli Press, 1997. (
1206:
950:
2456:
New York Harbor: Immigrants, Mobsters and Treasures
2065:, 2004, ABA, republished by Laborers for Justice.
1614:
876:Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
505:in 1878) discovered a new, deeper channel through
2098:, American Association of Port Authorities, 2006.
1929:
1287:Marine life of New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary
458:, ordered construction of the first wharf on the
3895:
1461:"Replacement of Anchorage Channel Water Siphons"
1342:"Replacement of Anchorage Channel Water Siphons"
785:off Long Island. New York Harbor, as the major
90:New York Harbor and Upper New York Bay (right),
1760:"425 – Appropriations for Rivers and Harbors".
1356:
1334:
1277:Geography of New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary
2976:New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island)
2374:National Park Service:Parks of New York Harbor
1615:Berkey-Gerard, Mark; Arnow, Pat (March 2006).
577:to its terminus at the mouth of the Hudson in
552:; and then with the completion in 1825 of the
260:The harbor contains several islands including
3241:
2476:
2426:The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
2379:National Parks of New York Harbor Conservancy
2202:The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
2110:"Other Foreign Companies Avoid Port Scrutiny"
1308:
800:Bright city lights made it easier for German
697:A U.S. sailor's album snapshot of a railroad
3904:Bodies of water of Hudson County, New Jersey
2266:South Street: A Maritime History of New York
1970:, U.S. Maritime Service Veterans, 1998–2006.
870:controlled the New Jersey side. In 1984 the
264:, near the mouth of the East River, as well
2176:
1546:"New York Harbor ferry routes:map and info"
1003:
866:controlled the New York waterfront and the
361:operates routes across the bay and through
3248:
3234:
2483:
2469:
2385:New York-New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program
1789:
1711:, New York State Canal Corporation (2001).
1022:New York City Department of Transportation
2348:, Michael Gannon, Harper and Row, 1991. (
2167:
1973:
1690:
1637:
1481:
982:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
581:. Portions in the harbor are now part of
246:, which, despite its name, is actually a
2143:
2120:
2107:
2101:
2082:
2056:The RICO Trusteeships After Twenty Years
2003:Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
1938:United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
1663:
996:, which is the largest such port on the
960:
880:International Longshoremen's Association
732:
692:
488:
384:
322:, and parts of the Staten Island shore.
101:
85:
47:
27:
3255:
2505:Index of New York City-related articles
2334:, William H. Miller Jr., Dover Books. (
2015:
1839:
1702:
1575:NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation
1282:History of New York City transportation
660:Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal
503:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
206:The harbor is fed by the waters of the
36:highlighted in red. It is connected to
3896:
2436:Les Cahiers Scientifiques du Transport
2195:
1608:
1434:. June 2012. p. 7. Archived from
474:and then within the newly independent
3944:Water transportation in New York City
3934:Ports and harbors of New York (state)
3229:
2901:John F. Kennedy International Airport
2849:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
2464:
2394:United States Army Corps of Engineers
2252:The Rise of New York Port (1815–1860)
1996:
1925:
1923:
1889:
1887:
1835:
1833:
1714:
1588:
1563:
1314:
990:Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal
304:Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal
2911:Newark Liberty International Airport
2207:
1961:U.S. Merchant Marine in World War II
1954:
1734:
1669:
1315:Walsh, Kevin J. (October 25, 2011).
843:
569:carried anthracite and freight from
1392:. Hagstrom Map Company, Inc. 2008.
1390:Hudson County New Jersey Street Map
1297:New York Harbor Storm-Surge Barrier
968:seen in the foreground from across
670:
656:Statue of Liberty National Monument
556:New York became the most important
293:Statue of Liberty National Monument
13:
2449:map and tables by year of convoys
2226:
2156:Regional Studies in Marine Science
1920:
1884:
1830:
1723:, Andreas Feininger, Dover Books.(
1292:Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne
899:Orient Overseas Investment Limited
452:Director-General of New Netherland
14:
3960:
2490:
2442:Convoy Routing Codes World War II
2361:
2268:, Richard McKay, 1934 and 1971. (
1676:Domestic Manners of the Americans
1511:
1491:. Random House Trade paperbacks.
951:Container shipping and air travel
891:considerable security controversy
520:Domestic Manners of the Americans
162:New York Harbor is also known as
16:Harbor in New York and New Jersey
3845:
3210:
3209:
3196:
2661:
2108:Davidson, Adam (March 1, 2006).
1251:
1237:
1223:
1209:
1175:
1157:
1138:
1123:
1109:
1094:
1072:
1054:
1026:New York Passenger Ship Terminal
1024:. Passenger ship facilities are
908:
757:After the United States entered
707:
677:1919 New York City Harbor Strike
19:For the broader waterfront, see
3929:Ports and harbors of New Jersey
3924:Port of New York and New Jersey
2404:Mechanical Engineering Magazine
2049:
1753:
1709:The Erie Canal: A Brief History
1631:
1617:"New York's Port, Beyond Dubai"
1538:
957:Port of New York and New Jersey
728:
665:
596:lined the western banks of the
484:
408:anchored in what is now called
380:
333:The harbor is traversed by the
157:East Coast of the United States
21:Port of New York and New Jersey
2420:Cornell NY harbor tour summary
2391:New York and New Jersey Harbor
2316:, 1949); additional material,
2308:, ("Crime on the Waterfront",
1698:Maritime geography#Brown water
1505:
1475:
1453:
1417:
1406:
1382:
1008:The harbor is still served by
683:shut down the port for weeks.
644:Liberty Enlightening the World
621:Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899
493:New York Harbor seen from the
1:
3914:Estuaries of New York (state)
3542:Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians
2295:History of New York Shipyards
1993:, NY State Museum, 1992–1998.
1302:
125:in the distance in April 1981
3758:Franklin Township (Somerset)
2280:Maritime History of New York
2234:The Works: Anatomy of a City
1842:Journal of Political Economy
903:Howland Hook Marine Terminal
136:. It is at the mouth of the
71:, 5. Upper New York Bay, 6.
7:
3130:East Bronx expansion (1895)
2042:September 21, 2012, at the
2027:September 21, 2012, at the
2008:September 19, 2006, at the
1202:
741:in February 1942 bound for
544:In 1824 the first American
201:
166:, which is enclosed by the
10:
3965:
3919:Geography of New York City
3768:Hamilton Township (Mercer)
3170:hybrid variant (2020–2021)
2400:Digging Deeper in New York
2169:10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100922
1686:– via gutenberg.org.
1047:
954:
598:North River (Hudson River)
375:
289:New York metropolitan area
98:(upper left) in April 2013
18:
3949:Yachting in New York City
3841:
3703:
3585:
3449:
3403:
3279:
3267:
3189:
3078:
3045:
2921:
2809:
2766:
2713:
2670:
2659:
2513:
2500:
2218:ASCE Metropolitan Section
2183:PANYNJ seaport facilities
1746:November 3, 2006, at the
602:Hudson County, New Jersey
434:Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge
351:St. George Ferry Terminal
253:A project to replace two
210:(historically called the
184:Hudson County, New Jersey
142:New York/New Jersey Bight
3203:New York City portal
2447:Allied Convoys 1939–1945
2188:August 30, 2006, at the
2094:August 25, 2006, at the
2075:August 13, 2006, at the
2061:August 10, 2006, at the
1432:Tunnel Business Magazine
1030:Brooklyn Cruise Terminal
1004:Ferries and cruise ships
3909:Estuaries of New Jersey
3502:New Jersey Pine Barrens
3125:Annexed District (1874)
2068:US v. Local 560, et al.
2022:Watching the Waterfront
1985:April 29, 2014, at the
1966:April 21, 2021, at the
1721:New York in the Forties
1231:New York (state) portal
1197:(right) in background]]
353:on Richmond Terrace in
3705:Major cities and towns
3457:Atlantic Coastal Plain
2837:Vision Zero Initiative
2368:New York Harbor Webcam
1989:, Joseph F. Meany Jr.
1801:June 28, 2014, at the
1783:US Library of Congress
1741:Lighterage Controversy
1571:"Hudson River Estuary"
1267:Brooklyn Army Terminal
1064:, across the bay from
972:
862:. It is held that the
791:Battle of the Atlantic
754:
702:
542:
531:I have never seen the
498:
406:Giovanni da Verrazzano
397:
140:where it empties into
126:
99:
83:
45:
3880:40.66833°N 74.04556°W
3852:New Jersey portal
3557:Southern Shore Region
3467:Delaware River Region
2869:Long Island Rail Road
2864:Staten Island Railway
2422:, September 24, 2005.
2132:June 9, 2013, at the
2127:The Docks of New York
964:
868:Genovese crime family
850:Waterfront Commission
822:Sandy Hook Lighthouse
745:(photographed from a
736:
696:
529:
492:
388:
222:. It is connected to
105:
89:
51:
31:
2874:Metro-North Railroad
2801:Emergency Management
2604:Environmental issues
2162:. Elsevier: 100922.
1940:. pp. 126–132.
1826:on February 1, 2010.
1796:Ellis Island History
1647:Simon & Schuster
1245:New York City portal
897:, and the fact that
874:local was put under
864:Gambino crime family
836:, the largest being
795:U.S. Merchant Marine
761:, the German navy's
701:in NY Harbor in 1919
681:Marine Workers Union
151:, and then into the
3885:40.66833; -74.04556
3876: /
3833:Woodbridge Township
3507:New York metro area
3326:Lieutenant Governor
3155:9/11 terror attacks
2886:Bridges and tunnels
2743:Community Districts
2396:, New York District
2312:in 24 parts, 1948;
1527:(2). Archived from
1441:on October 19, 2013
1020:is operated by the
1018:Staten Island Ferry
988:facility at nearby
858:), to combat labor
675:After the war, the
590:George B. McClellan
335:Staten Island Ferry
3060:Elementary schools
3055:Dept. of Education
2767:Emergency services
2738:Borough presidents
2346:Operation Drumbeat
2035:, June 19, 2006. (
1899:The New York Times
1649:. pp. 77–79.
1370:on August 18, 2019
1080:Robbins Reef Light
1066:Liberty State Park
973:
940:nutrient pollution
838:Brooklyn Navy Yard
818:Coney Island Light
763:Operation Drumbeat
755:
703:
608:, barges, and 323
594:railroad terminals
583:Liberty State Park
499:
462:bank of the lower
430:Lower New York Bay
424:that connects the
398:
365:to locations near
324:Liberty State Park
224:Lower New York Bay
218:), as well as the
196:Lower New York Bay
186:municipalities of
164:Upper New York Bay
127:
119:Upper New York Bay
100:
94:(lower left), and
84:
73:Lower New York Bay
46:
38:Lower New York Bay
3859:
3858:
3783:Lakewood Township
3482:Hudson Waterfront
3223:
3222:
3161:COVID-19 pandemic
2941:Community gardens
2906:LaGuardia Airport
2706:(Richmond County)
2694:(New York County)
2302:On the Waterfront
1947:978-1-314-62140-2
1901:. June 17, 1919.
1656:978-1-476-74124-6
1521:Newark Law Review
1498:978-0-345-47639-5
1399:978-0-88097-763-0
1259:New Jersey portal
1132:Statue of Liberty
938:. High levels of
887:Dubai Ports World
855:On the Waterfront
844:Post–World War II
771:Second happy time
640:Statue of Liberty
517:In her 1832 book
298:Since the 1950s,
240:Long Island Sound
65:Long Island Sound
53:Estuary waterways
3956:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3567:Tri‑State Region
3532:Raritan Bayshore
3250:
3243:
3236:
3227:
3226:
3213:
3212:
3201:
3200:
3199:
2963:Farmers' markets
2665:
2494:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2452:
2438:, February 2004.
2406:, November 2003.
2221:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2193:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2147:
2141:
2140:, June 19, 2006.
2124:
2118:
2117:
2105:
2099:
2086:
2080:
2053:
2047:
2019:
2013:
2000:
1994:
1977:
1971:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1822:. Archived from
1812:
1806:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1771:Washington, D.C.
1769:. Vol. 30.
1768:
1757:
1751:
1738:
1732:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1623:. Archived from
1612:
1606:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1542:
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1354:
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1338:
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1261:
1256:
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1240:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1217:Transport portal
1214:
1213:
1179:
1161:
1150:New York Harbor,
1142:
1127:
1113:
1098:
1076:
1058:
998:Eastern Seaboard
711:
671:Post–World War I
472:British colonies
456:Peter Stuyvesant
445:Governors Island
262:Governors Island
40:on the south by
3964:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3894:
3893:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3846:
3844:
3837:
3699:
3581:
3547:Skylands Region
3472:Delaware Valley
3445:
3399:
3343:Representatives
3275:
3263:
3254:
3224:
3219:
3197:
3195:
3185:
3093:Prehistory-1664
3074:
3041:
3010:"Sixth borough"
2917:
2805:
2794:law enforcement
2762:
2709:
2700:(Queens County)
2666:
2657:
2538:ethnic enclaves
2509:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2450:
2364:
2359:
2306:Malcolm Johnson
2229:
2227:Further reading
2224:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2190:Wayback Machine
2181:
2177:
2148:
2144:
2134:Wayback Machine
2125:
2121:
2106:
2102:
2096:Wayback Machine
2087:
2083:
2077:Wayback Machine
2063:Wayback Machine
2054:
2050:
2044:Wayback Machine
2029:Wayback Machine
2020:
2016:
2010:Wayback Machine
2001:
1997:
1987:Wayback Machine
1978:
1974:
1968:Wayback Machine
1959:
1955:
1948:
1928:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1848:(10): 840–874.
1838:
1831:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1803:Wayback Machine
1794:
1790:
1776:
1774:
1766:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1748:Wayback Machine
1739:
1735:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1671:Trollope, Fanny
1668:
1664:
1657:
1636:
1632:
1627:on May 6, 2008.
1613:
1609:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1534:on May 6, 2006.
1531:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1483:Kurlansky, Mark
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1427:
1423:
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1388:
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1243:
1238:
1236:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1205:
1198:
1180:
1171:
1169:New York Harbor
1162:
1153:
1143:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1114:
1105:
1102:Liberty Weekend
1099:
1090:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1006:
959:
953:
944:Clean Water Act
923:Water pollution
911:
846:
731:
726:
725:
724:
723:
717:
712:
673:
668:
495:Brooklyn Bridge
487:
383:
378:
204:
130:New York Harbor
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3962:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3857:
3856:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3723:Brick Township
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
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3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3552:Somerset Hills
3549:
3544:
3539:
3537:Raritan Valley
3534:
3529:
3524:
3522:Pascack Valley
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3477:Gateway Region
3474:
3469:
3464:
3462:Central Jersey
3459:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3395:Transportation
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3365:Municipalities
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3304:climate change
3301:
3291:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3207:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3158:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3135:1898 expansion
3132:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2965:
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2958:
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2927:
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2919:
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2913:
2908:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2842:Port Authority
2839:
2834:
2829:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2811:Transportation
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2764:
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2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2688:(Kings County)
2683:
2682:(Bronx County)
2676:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2614:food and water
2611:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
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2542:
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2515:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2498:
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2487:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2444:
2439:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2414:Gotham Gazette
2407:
2397:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2371:
2363:
2362:External links
2360:
2358:
2357:
2343:
2329:
2318:Budd Schulberg
2314:Pulitzer Prize
2299:
2291:
2277:
2263:
2249:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2206:
2194:
2175:
2142:
2138:The New Yorker
2119:
2100:
2081:
2048:
2033:The New Yorker
2014:
1995:
1972:
1953:
1946:
1919:
1883:
1854:10.1086/253233
1829:
1807:
1788:
1752:
1733:
1713:
1701:
1689:
1662:
1655:
1639:Steinberg, Ted
1630:
1621:Gotham Gazette
1607:
1587:
1562:
1537:
1512:Rieff, Henry.
1504:
1497:
1488:The Big Oyster
1474:
1452:
1416:
1405:
1398:
1381:
1355:
1333:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1263:
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1248:
1234:
1220:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1183:Liberty Island
1181:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1115:
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1100:
1093:
1091:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1005:
1002:
986:container ship
955:Main article:
952:
949:
910:
907:
845:
842:
737:Convoy out of
730:
727:
718:
714:
713:
706:
705:
704:
672:
669:
667:
664:
648:Liberty Island
525:Fanny Trollope
486:
483:
449:colonial Dutch
382:
379:
377:
374:
320:Constable Hook
300:container ship
270:Liberty Island
203:
200:
153:Atlantic Ocean
113:(foreground),
81:Atlantic Ocean
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3961:
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3809:
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3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:New Brunswick
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
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3734:
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3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Atlantic City
3711:
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3708:
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3702:
3696:
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3678:
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2533:Neighborhoods
2531:
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2354:0-06-092088-2
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2341:
2340:0-486-44609-3
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2326:1-59609-013-8
2323:
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2288:0-9729803-1-8
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2274:0-8383-1280-2
2271:
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2261:
2260:0-7153-5196-6
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2246:1-59420-071-8
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2018:
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1729:0-486-23585-8
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987:
983:
979:
978:five boroughs
971:
967:
963:
958:
948:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:Newtown Creek
924:
920:
916:
915:water quality
909:Water quality
906:
904:
900:
896:
895:P&O Ports
892:
888:
883:
881:
877:
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869:
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839:
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764:
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751:NAS Lakehurst
748:
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721:
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663:
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613:
611:
607:
603:
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586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
563:
559:
558:transshipping
555:
551:
547:
541:
538:
534:
533:bay of Naples
528:
526:
522:
521:
515:
513:
508:
504:
496:
491:
482:
479:
477:
476:United States
473:
469:
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450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:Staten Island
415:
411:
407:
403:
395:
394:Castello Plan
391:
390:New Amsterdam
387:
373:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Staten Island
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
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290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:Kill Van Kull
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:Gowanus Canal
217:
214:as it passes
213:
209:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:Staten Island
177:
173:
169:
168:New York City
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
149:tidal estuary
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
107:Wallabout Bay
104:
97:
93:
88:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
39:
35:
30:
26:
22:
3861:
3843:
3562:South Jersey
3517:North Jersey
3512:North Hudson
3492:Jersey Shore
3269:
3194:
3193:
3181:Tammany Hall
3150:1978–present
3065:High schools
2637:Directories
2626:Demographics
2545:Architecture
2435:
2413:
2403:
2345:
2331:
2310:New York Sun
2309:
2301:
2293:
2279:
2265:
2251:
2233:
2213:
2209:
2197:
2178:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2137:
2122:
2113:
2103:
2084:
2067:
2051:
2032:
2017:
1998:
1990:
1975:
1956:
1932:
1910:. Retrieved
1898:
1845:
1841:
1824:the original
1820:www.njcu.edu
1819:
1810:
1791:
1781:– via
1775:. Retrieved
1762:
1755:
1736:
1720:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1682:September 6,
1680:. Retrieved
1675:
1665:
1645:. New York:
1642:
1633:
1625:the original
1620:
1610:
1594:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1574:
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:
1540:
1529:the original
1524:
1520:
1507:
1486:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1455:
1443:. Retrieved
1436:the original
1431:
1419:
1408:
1389:
1384:
1374:February 26,
1372:. Retrieved
1368:the original
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1336:
1326:February 26,
1324:. Retrieved
1320:
1310:
1193:(left), and
1187:Ellis Island
1168:
1165:Edward Moran
1149:
1146:Edward Moran
1117:Ellis Island
1010:cruise lines
1007:
974:
932:Flushing Bay
919:urbanization
912:
889:. There was
884:
860:racketeering
853:
847:
826:
810:Coney Island
799:
782:
774:
765:set the top
759:World War II
756:
729:World War II
685:
674:
666:20th century
652:Ellis Island
646:) stands on
643:
637:
614:
587:
571:Pennsylvania
567:Morris Canal
543:
530:
518:
516:
500:
485:19th century
480:
442:
438:Henry Hudson
399:
381:Colonial era
371:
343:Battery Park
332:
297:
286:
274:Robbins Reef
266:Ellis Island
259:
252:
248:tidal strait
208:Hudson River
205:
170:boroughs of
163:
161:
138:Hudson River
129:
128:
117:(at right),
115:Hudson River
92:Hudson River
57:Hudson River
34:New York Bay
25:
3883: /
3808:Perth Amboy
3778:Jersey City
3743:East Orange
3733:Cherry Hill
3577:West Hudson
3497:Meadowlands
3436:LGBT rights
3333:Delegations
2609:environment
2560:skyscrapers
2451:(in German)
2238:Kate Ascher
1445:October 15,
1191:Jersey City
1189:, downtown
1088:Port Jersey
1012:, commuter
966:Port Newark
936:Jamaica Bay
793:, with the
720:World War I
619:passed the
579:Jersey City
507:the Narrows
422:Long Island
410:the Narrows
363:The Narrows
359:NY Waterway
347:South Ferry
312:Port Jersey
255:water mains
228:the Narrows
212:North River
188:Jersey City
121:(left) and
77:Jamaica Bay
42:the Narrows
3898:Categories
3871:74°02′44″W
3868:40°40′06″N
3823:Union City
3813:Toms River
3798:Ocean City
3763:Hackensack
3630:Gloucester
3620:Cumberland
3605:Burlington
3572:West Essex
3311:Government
3261:New Jersey
3176:Moving Day
2967:Libraries
2832:former BOT
2715:Government
1550:panynj.gov
1303:References
994:Newark Bay
970:Newark Bay
830:warehouses
816:, and the
779:Sandy Hook
633:Sandy Hook
610:car floats
575:New Jersey
554:Erie Canal
550:steamships
464:East River
367:Sandy Hook
278:New Jersey
244:East River
232:Newark Bay
146:East River
123:Newark Bay
111:East River
96:East River
69:Newark Bay
61:East River
3753:Elizabeth
3650:Middlesex
3640:Hunterdon
3487:Highlands
3316:elections
3294:Geography
3274:(capital)
3145:1946–1977
3140:1898–1945
3118:Civil War
3113:1855–1897
3108:1784–1854
3103:1665–1783
3047:Education
3030:landmarks
3003:Big Apple
2998:Nicknames
2823:Entities
2774:Hospitals
2728:Elections
2692:Manhattan
2680:The Bronx
2646:Manhattan
2589:Geography
2582:companies
2555:monuments
1907:0362-4331
1878:154763364
1862:0022-3808
1696:see also
1467:March 15,
1348:March 15,
1195:Manhattan
1062:Manhattan
872:Teamsters
834:shipyards
743:Liverpool
699:car float
688:War Board
625:Bay Ridge
562:coastwise
460:Manhattan
339:Manhattan
238:, and to
216:Manhattan
172:Manhattan
144:near the
134:Lower Bay
3828:Vineland
3803:Paterson
3680:Somerset
3655:Monmouth
3615:Cape May
3595:Atlantic
3587:Counties
3527:Piedmont
3441:Politics
3431:Gun laws
3426:Gambling
3411:Abortion
3338:Senators
3321:Governor
3215:Category
3088:Timeline
3070:Colleges
2971:Brooklyn
2896:Airports
2748:Politics
2686:Brooklyn
2672:Boroughs
2641:Brooklyn
2550:Art Deco
2526:timeline
2514:By topic
2186:Archived
2130:Archived
2092:Archived
2073:Archived
2059:Archived
2040:Archived
2037:synopsis
2025:Archived
2012:(WCNYH).
2006:Archived
1983:Archived
1964:Archived
1799:Archived
1744:Archived
1673:. "30".
1641:(2010).
1485:(2006).
1203:See also
1034:Red Hook
814:Brooklyn
775:Coimbria
739:Brooklyn
629:Red Hook
617:Congress
606:towboats
573:through
470:for the
416:between
396:redraft)
328:kayaking
308:Red Hook
202:Overview
182:and the
176:Brooklyn
3818:Trenton
3773:Hoboken
3738:Clifton
3718:Bayonne
3670:Passaic
3450:Regions
3416:Cuisine
3404:Society
3390:Symbols
3350:History
3299:climate
3271:Trenton
3080:History
3025:gardens
3020:Tourism
2988:Museums
2951:Dialect
2946:Cuisine
2923:Culture
2891:Streets
2819:History
2758:Toilets
2733:Council
2631:history
2594:Climate
2577:Economy
2521:History
2416:, 2000.
1936:. 287.
1912:May 22,
1870:1820680
1777:June 4,
1185:, with
1048:Gallery
1042:Bayonne
1014:ferries
882:local.
802:U-boats
783:Norness
679:by the
546:drydock
512:service
497:in 1893
376:History
242:by the
234:by the
192:Bayonne
155:on the
3788:Newark
3748:Edison
3728:Camden
3695:Warren
3685:Sussex
3660:Morris
3645:Mercer
3635:Hudson
3610:Camden
3600:Bergen
3385:Sports
3380:People
3281:Topics
3157:(2001)
3015:Sports
2981:Queens
2956:accent
2854:Subway
2784:Police
2698:Queens
2651:Queens
2567:People
2352:
2338:
2324:
2286:
2272:
2258:
2244:
1991:et al.
1944:
1905:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1727:
1653:
1601:
1580:May 3,
1555:May 3,
1495:
1396:
1321:Forbes
1086:, and
1036:, and
1028:, the
820:, and
806:London
787:convoy
767:U-boat
631:, and
537:Turner
414:strait
412:, the
402:Lenape
349:) and
291:. The
282:oyster
272:, and
178:, and
32:Upper
3690:Union
3675:Salem
3665:Ocean
3625:Essex
3421:Crime
3375:Parks
3370:Music
3360:Media
3289:Index
3257:State
3165:Delta
3035:parks
2993:Music
2936:Books
2789:crime
2723:Mayor
2599:Flags
2572:Media
1874:S2CID
1866:JSTOR
1767:(PDF)
1532:(PDF)
1517:(PDF)
1439:(PDF)
1428:(PDF)
1084:MOTBY
1038:MOTBY
749:from
747:blimp
426:Upper
341:near
316:MOTBY
230:, to
79:, 8.
75:, 7.
67:, 4.
63:, 3.
59:, 2.
55:: 1.
3168:cron
3163:and
2931:Arts
2881:PATH
2779:Fire
2619:rats
2350:ISBN
2336:ISBN
2322:ISBN
2284:ISBN
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