623:
22:
80:
564:. Other localities include the eastern flank of the Widgiemooltha Dome, Western Australia, from altered pentlndite-pyrite-pyrrhotite assemblages within the Mariners, Redross and Miitel nickel mines where nickeline is produced by regional Au-As-Ag-bearing alteration and carbonate metasomatism. Other occurrences include within similarly modified nickel mines of the
698:
and milling techniques. When nickel sulfide ore deposits have been altered to produce nickeline, often the presence of arsenic renders the ore uneconomic when concentrations of As reach several hundred parts per million. However, arsenic bearing nickel ore may be treated by blending with 'clean' ore
702:
The primary problem for treating nickeline in conventionally constructed nickel mills is the specific gravity of nickeline versus that of pentlandite. This renders the ore difficult to treat via the froth flotation technique. Within the smelter itself, the nickeline contributes to high arsenic
403:
would sometimes find a red mineral, superficially resembling copper ore. Upon attempting extraction, no copper was produced, and subsequently, the miners would be afflicted with mysterious illness. They blamed a mischievous sprite of German mythology, Nickel (similar to
423:
was attempting to extract copper from kupfernickel mineral, and obtained instead a white metal which he named "nickel", after the sprite. In modern German, Kupfernickel and Kupfer-Nickel designates the alloy
580:
of nickeline is used as the prototype of a group of crystalline solids with similar crystal structures. The structure consists of two interpenetrating sublattices: a
490:
of sulfide-free ultramafic rocks, where metasomatic fluids introduce sulfur, carbonate, and arsenic. This typically results in mineral assemblages including
368:(NiAs). The naturally-occurring mineral contains roughly 43.9% nickel and 56.1% arsenic by mass, but composition of the mineral may vary slightly.
408:) for besetting the copper (German: Kupfer). This German equivalent of "copper-nickel" was used as early as 1694 (other old German synonyms are
479:
454:
957:
596:
1027:
997:
206:
Pale copper red with blackish tarnish. white with strong yellowish pink hue on polished section strongly anisotropic
465:
The main compound within nickeline, nickel arsenide (NiAs), can be prepared by direct combination of the elements:
130:
261:
984:
Inorganic
Chemistry by Duward Shriver and Peter Atkins, 3rd Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, 1999, pp.47,48.
589:
294:
694:
Nickeline is rarely used as a source of nickel due to the presence of arsenic, which is deleterious to most
1022:
565:
699:
sources, to produce a blended feedstock which the mill and smelter can handle with acceptable recovery.
436:
1017:
907:
216:
Massive columnar to reniform, rarely as distorted, horizontally striated, {1011} terminated crystals
1012:
581:
120:
585:
577:
420:
184:
251:
241:
922:
881:
733:
8:
773:
599:
coordinated to six nickel atoms. Compounds adopting the NiAs structure are generally the
592:
284:
274:
31:
926:
885:
737:
908:"International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names"
751:
231:
703:
contents which require additional reagents and fluxes to strip from the nickel metal.
993:
953:
869:
755:
772:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (2005).
478:
Nickeline is formed by hydrothermal modification of ultramafic rocks and associated
934:
930:
889:
741:
616:
304:
221:
100:
832:
557:
553:
43:
482:, and may be formed by replacement of nickel-copper bearing sulfides (replacing
622:
140:
48:
872:(1932). "The discovery of the elements: III. Some eighteenth-century metals".
1006:
643:
538:
495:
400:
388:
211:
152:
534:
510:
487:
805:
546:
530:
499:
483:
425:
314:
167:
746:
721:
811:
634:
542:
526:
324:
159:
383:
are usually present, and sometimes the arsenic is largely replaced by
972:
893:
600:
522:
506:
via sulfidation and associated arsenopyrite-nickeline-breithauptite.
491:
145:
695:
608:
604:
384:
190:
952:(5th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. p. 383.
612:
561:
365:
358:
112:
549:(a coating of green nickel arsenate) on exposure to moist air.
518:
514:
503:
444:
380:
372:
362:
109:
552:
Most of these minerals can be found in the areas surrounding
457:
recommended use of the name nickeline rather than niccolite.
79:
486:, and in association with copper arsenic sulfides), or via
376:
771:
630:
The following are the members of the nickeline group:
29:It has been suggested that this article should be
595:to six arsenic atoms, while each arsenic atom is
399:Medieval miners looking for copper in the German
1004:
443:from J. D. Dana, 1868, refer to the presence of
947:
387:. This last forms an isomorphous series with
900:
767:
765:
830:
745:
431:The names subsequently given to the ore,
800:
798:
621:
588:arsenic sublattice. Each nickel atom is
394:
950:Shriver and Atkins' Inorganic Chemistry
762:
455:International Mineralogical Association
1005:
689:
460:
868:
857:Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary
824:
795:
722:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
719:
571:
15:
859:, p888, W&R Chambers Ltd, 1977.
193:, c = 5.009 Ă…; Z = 2
13:
236:{1010} Imperfect, {0001} Imperfect
14:
1039:
948:Shriver, D.; Atkins, P. (2009).
157:Dihexagonal dipyramidal (6/mmm)
78:
20:
978:
966:
941:
935:10.1180/minmag.1971.038.293.14
862:
850:
713:
1:
874:Journal of Chemical Education
706:
509:Associated minerals include:
473:
226:On {1011} producing fourlings
992:Dana's Manual of Mineralogy
7:
1028:Minerals in space group 194
10:
1044:
626:The unit cell of nickeline
975:". Retrieved 20 May 2022.
831:Barthelmy, David (2014).
783:. Mineral Data Publishing
341:
333:
323:
313:
303:
293:
283:
273:
260:
250:
240:
230:
220:
210:
202:
197:
183:
166:
151:
139:
129:
119:
99:
91:
86:
77:
72:
833:"Nickeline Mineral Data"
584:nickel sublattice and a
361:consisting primarily of
319:Strong (reflected light)
469:Ni(s) + As(s) → NiAs(s)
67:Nickel arsenide mineral
921:(293): 102–105. 1971.
915:Mineralogical Magazine
781:Handbook of Mineralogy
726:Mineralogical Magazine
627:
597:trigonal prismatically
586:hexagonal close-packed
545:. Nickeline alters to
421:Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
337:garlic odor on heating
973:The Mineral Nickeline
625:
395:Etymology and history
391:(nickel antimonide).
334:Other characteristics
131:Strunz classification
35:into articles titled
371:Small quantities of
927:1971MinM...38..102.
886:1932JChEd...9...22W
747:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
738:2021MinM...85..291W
720:Warr, L.N. (2021).
690:Economic importance
582:primitive hexagonal
461:Preparation of NiAs
1023:Hexagonal minerals
870:Weeks, Mary Elvira
628:
1018:Arsenide minerals
959:978-1-4292-1820-7
617:transition metals
572:Crystal structure
348:
347:
65:
64:
1035:
985:
982:
976:
970:
964:
963:
945:
939:
938:
912:
904:
898:
897:
894:10.1021/ed009p22
866:
860:
854:
848:
847:
845:
843:
828:
822:
821:
820:
818:
802:
793:
792:
790:
788:
778:
769:
760:
759:
749:
717:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
640:
498:and metamorphic
470:
305:Specific gravity
266:
106:
105:(repeating unit)
95:Arsenide mineral
82:
70:
69:
60:
57:
24:
23:
16:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1013:Nickel minerals
1003:
1002:
989:
988:
983:
979:
971:
967:
960:
946:
942:
910:
906:
905:
901:
867:
863:
855:
851:
841:
839:
829:
825:
816:
814:
804:
803:
796:
786:
784:
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770:
763:
718:
714:
709:
692:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
638:
574:
476:
468:
463:
419:In 1751, Baron
397:
264:
189:a = 3.602
178:
162:: (6/m 2/m 2/m)
158:
104:
103:
68:
61:
55:
52:
44:Nickel arsenide
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1001:
1000:
987:
986:
977:
965:
958:
940:
899:
861:
849:
837:Webmineral.com
823:
794:
761:
732:(3): 291–320.
711:
710:
708:
705:
691:
688:
687:
686:
680:
676:Sobolevskite:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
641:
573:
570:
475:
472:
462:
459:
396:
393:
346:
345:
343:
339:
338:
335:
331:
330:
327:
321:
320:
317:
311:
310:
307:
301:
300:
297:
291:
290:
289:brownish black
287:
281:
280:
277:
271:
270:
267:
258:
257:
254:
248:
247:
244:
238:
237:
234:
228:
227:
224:
218:
217:
214:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
198:Identification
195:
194:
187:
181:
180:
176:
170:
164:
163:
155:
149:
148:
143:
141:Crystal system
137:
136:
133:
127:
126:
123:
117:
116:
107:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
84:
83:
75:
74:
66:
63:
62:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1040:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
999:
998:0-471-03288-3
995:
991:
990:
981:
974:
969:
961:
955:
951:
944:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
909:
903:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
865:
858:
853:
838:
834:
827:
813:
809:
808:
801:
799:
782:
775:
768:
766:
757:
753:
748:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
716:
712:
704:
700:
697:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
644:Breithauptite
642:
636:
633:
632:
631:
624:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:chalcogenides
598:
594:
591:
587:
583:
579:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
539:breithauptite
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
496:heazelwoodite
493:
489:
485:
481:
471:
466:
458:
456:
453:In 1971, the
451:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:F. S. Beudant
434:
429:
427:
422:
417:
415:
411:
410:Rotnickelkies
407:
402:
401:Ore Mountains
392:
390:
389:breithauptite
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
364:
360:
356:
352:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
326:
322:
318:
316:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
296:
292:
288:
286:
282:
278:
276:
272:
268:
263:
259:
255:
253:
249:
245:
243:
239:
235:
233:
229:
225:
223:
219:
215:
213:
212:Crystal habit
209:
205:
201:
196:
192:
188:
186:
182:
174:
171:
169:
165:
161:
156:
154:
153:Crystal class
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
132:
128:
124:
122:
118:
114:
111:
108:
102:
98:
94:
90:
85:
81:
76:
71:
59:
50:
46:
45:
40:
39:
34:
33:
27:
18:
17:
980:
968:
949:
943:
918:
914:
902:
877:
873:
864:
856:
852:
840:. Retrieved
836:
826:
815:, retrieved
806:
785:. Retrieved
780:
729:
725:
715:
701:
693:
682:Sudburyite:
664:Langistite:
658:Kotulskite:
652:Freboldite:
629:
590:octahedrally
575:
551:
535:chalcopyrite
511:arsenopyrite
508:
488:metasomatism
480:ore deposits
477:
467:
464:
452:
448:
447:; in Latin,
440:
439:, 1832, and
432:
430:
418:
413:
409:
405:
398:
370:
354:
350:
349:
172:
56:January 2022
53:
42:
37:
36:
30:
774:"Nickeline"
670:Nickeline:
613:bismuthides
609:antimonides
593:coordinated
547:annabergite
531:pentlandite
500:pentlandite
484:pentlandite
426:Cupronickel
414:Arsennickel
315:Pleochroism
295:Diaphaneity
168:Space group
1007:Categories
812:Mindat.org
707:References
635:Achavalite
543:maucherite
527:pyrrhotite
474:Occurrence
441:niccolite,
342:References
325:Fusibility
262:Mohs scale
246:Conchoidal
160:H-M symbol
121:IMA symbol
880:(1): 22.
842:13 August
817:13 August
807:Nickeline
787:13 August
756:235729616
684:(Pd,Ni)Sb
678:Pd(Bi,Te)
666:(Co,Ni)As
660:Pd(Te,Bi)
605:arsenides
578:unit cell
523:cobaltite
492:millerite
449:niccolum.
433:nickeline
355:niccolite
351:Nickeline
185:Unit cell
146:Hexagonal
73:Nickeline
38:Nickeline
696:smelting
566:Kambalda
406:Old Nick
385:antimony
366:arsenide
279:metallic
265:hardness
252:Tenacity
242:Fracture
232:Cleavage
222:Twinning
113:arsenide
92:Category
923:Bibcode
882:Bibcode
734:Bibcode
562:Ontario
554:Sudbury
359:mineral
269:5 – 5.5
256:Brittle
135:2.CC.05
101:Formula
87:General
49:discuss
996:
956:
754:
568:area.
558:Cobalt
519:silver
515:barite
504:pyrite
445:nickel
381:cobalt
373:sulfur
363:nickel
299:Opaque
285:Streak
275:Luster
115:(NiAs)
110:nickel
911:(PDF)
777:(PDF)
752:S2CID
435:from
357:is a
203:Color
32:split
994:ISBN
954:ISBN
844:2022
819:2022
789:2022
672:NiAs
654:CoSe
648:NiSb
639:FeSe
611:and
576:The
556:and
541:and
412:and
379:and
377:iron
179:/mmc
41:and
931:doi
890:doi
742:doi
619:.
615:of
521:,
416:).
353:or
309:7.8
51:)
47:. (
1009::
929:.
919:38
917:.
913:.
888:.
876:.
835:.
810:,
797:^
779:.
764:^
750:.
740:.
730:85
728:.
724:.
646::
637::
607:,
603:,
560:,
537:,
533:,
529:,
525:,
517:,
513:,
494:,
428:.
375:,
125:Nc
962:.
937:.
933::
925::
896:.
892::
884::
878:9
846:.
791:.
758:.
744::
736::
502:-
329:2
191:Ă…
177:3
175:6
173:P
58:)
54:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
