44:
32:
20:
251:
ions) by intramolecular displacement of the chloride by the amine nitrogen. This aziridinium group then alkylates DNA once it is attacked by the N-7 nucleophilic center on the guanine base. A second attack after the displacement of the second chlorine forms the second alkylation step that results in
252:
the formation of interstrand cross-links (ICLs) as it was shown in the early 1960s. At that time, it was proposed that the ICLs were formed between N-7 atom of guanine residue in a 5’-d(GC) sequence. Later it was clearly demonstrated that nitrogen mustards form a 1,3 ICL in the 5’-d(GNC) sequence.
134:
that affected several hundred soldiers and civilians. Medical examination of the survivors showed a decreased number of lymphocytes. After World War II was over, the Bari incident and the Yale group's studies eventually converged prompting a search for other similar compounds. Due to its use in
866:
Rink SM, Solomon MS, Taylor MJ, Rajur SB, McLaughlin LW, Hopkins PB (1993). "Covalent structure of a nitrogen mustard-induced DNA interstrand cross-link: An N7-to-N7 linkage of deoxyguanosine residues at the duplex sequence 5'-d(GNC)".
255:
The strong cytotoxic effect caused by the formation of ICLs is what makes NMs an effective chemotherapeutic agent. Other compounds used in cancer chemotherapy that have the ability to form ICLs are
5294:
1072:
1055:
1381:
5287:
2055:
1341:
2136:
1308:
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5150:
1376:
1356:
1336:
1893:
1313:
1051:
1080:
3562:
1351:
1273:
1097:
1128:
275:, a protein which scans the genome for defects. Note that the alkylating damage itself is not cytotoxic and does not directly cause cell death.
1318:
225:
839:
Millard JT, Raucher S, Hopkins PB (1990). "Mechlorethamine Cross Links
Deoxyguanosine Residues at 5'-GNC Sequences in Duplex DNA Fragments".
155:(HN2), is no longer commonly in use in its original IV formulation because of excessive toxicity. Other nitrogen mustards developed include
5210:
4262:
1397:
205:
1059:
400:
366:
4091:
4071:
4056:
1303:
1190:
545:
396:
1004:"Using synthetic DNA interstrand crosslinks to elucidate repair pathways and identify new therapeutic targets for cancer chemotherapy"
1440:
1361:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1407:
1145:
4478:
5238:
3555:
1157:
1086:
955:"Specificity and kinetics of interstrand and intrastrand bifunctional alkylation by nitrogen mustards at a G-G-C sequence"
231:
Some nitrogen mustards of opiates were also prepared, although these are not known to be antineoplastic. Examples include
4845:
2652:
288:
5496:
3997:
3953:
3831:
2268:
380:
182:
Nitrogen mustards that can be used for chemical warfare purposes are tightly regulated. Their weapon designations are:
3540:
3756:
2283:
2273:
1074:
486:
208:(mustine without a methyl group on the nitrogen atom; bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine) can be used in the synthesis of
5255:
3548:
2111:
1554:
478:
372:
82:
agents, they were the first chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of cancer. Nitrogen mustards are nonspecific DNA
4272:
3524:
1742:
1183:
1092:
122:, and in December 1942, they started classified human clinical trials of nitrogen mustards for the treatment of
4891:
3893:
3783:
3000:
2809:
2563:
4813:
4796:
4671:
4435:
3813:
2995:
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1433:
193:
36:
1418:
4545:
4141:
2595:
2141:
1104:
187:
24:
714:
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2377:
2321:
2315:
2237:
2212:
2106:
1669:
364:
292:
5272:
4137:
4107:
2985:
5506:
5501:
5436:
3927:
3511:
3216:
2684:
2263:
2010:
1176:
1161:
4032:
5113:
4993:
4983:
3479:
2882:
2679:
5165:
5098:
5068:
4686:
3936:
3191:
3176:
2784:
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2528:
2341:
2166:
1426:
199:
48:
5491:
5243:
4968:
4683:
4169:
4017:
3944:
2739:
2734:
2309:
1346:
1149:
549:
111:
896:"A structural basis for a phosphoramide mustard-induced DNA interstrand cross-link at 5'-d(GAC)"
672:
404:
5048:
5038:
4771:
4613:
2764:
2518:
2346:
1697:
1687:
1534:
1225:
1220:
1215:
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470:
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99:
8:
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2779:
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2336:
2207:
2197:
1967:
1778:
1605:
1579:
1569:
1539:
911:
748:
365:
Daniel C. Keyes; Jonathan L. Burstein; Richard B. Schwartz; Raymond E. Swienton (2004).
4061:
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455:
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232:
83:
426:
Chabner, Bruce A.; Roberts, Thomas G. (2005). "Chemotherapy and the war on cancer".
271:. These kinds of lesions are effective at forcing the cell to undergo apoptosis via
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3221:
3146:
3085:
2819:
2759:
2508:
1949:
1720:
1645:
1559:
330:
1019:
792:"The reaction of mono- and di-functional alkylating agents with nucleic acids"
5485:
5400:
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284:
95:
1098:"Introduction to Industry Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention"
970:
639:
342:
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573:
530:
447:
217:
176:
172:
160:
136:
988:
939:
757:
657:
395:
102:; the name comes from the pungent smell of chemical weapons preparations.
5470:
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1835:
1807:
1789:
1761:
1653:
1474:
356:
304:
260:
248:
213:
131:
880:
852:
624:"DNA sequence selectivity of guanine–N7 alkylation by nitrogen mustards"
5444:
5426:
5418:
5320:
5205:
5108:
5103:
5078:
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2419:
2411:
2352:
2146:
1918:
1824:
1813:
1635:
1629:
1328:
509:
Gilman A (May 1963). "The initial clinical trial of nitrogen mustard".
264:
221:
209:
164:
135:
previous studies, the nitrogen mustard known as "HN2" became the first
1144:
807:
5351:
5220:
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5155:
5145:
5139:
5043:
4988:
4937:
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4121:
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2842:
2789:
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2486:
2469:
2447:
2424:
2161:
2002:
1795:
1659:
1598:
1524:
1298:
1156:
587:
Hirsch J (September 2006). "An anniversary for cancer chemotherapy".
256:
168:
63:
1168:
439:
5374:
5129:
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5033:
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4519:
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3095:
3005:
2955:
2838:
2827:
2804:
2794:
2774:
2669:
2636:
2630:
2620:
2020:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1623:
1482:
1207:
268:
123:
43:
4022:
3923:
3737:
3598:
3255:
3250:
2960:
2950:
2940:
2935:
2625:
2253:
2171:
2156:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2015:
1923:
1913:
1873:
1868:
1845:
1840:
1574:
368:
Medical
Response to Terrorism: Preparedness and Clinical Practice
152:
140:
179:
has recently re-emerged as a viable chemotherapeutic treatment.
3662:
3473:
3131:
3126:
2914:
2060:
2050:
2045:
2040:
1702:
1504:
1230:
31:
5386:
3417:
3332:
3291:
2573:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1801:
1784:
1737:
1366:
2056:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
5396:
2583:
2578:
2137:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
471:"Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology of Mustard Compounds"
469:
Ghorani-Azam, Adel; Balali-Mood, Mahdi (December 1, 2015).
110:
During World War II, nitrogen mustards were studied at the
894:
Dong Q, Barsky D, Colvin ME, et al. (December 1995).
19:
2970:
2523:
1056:"Chemical Weapons Convention: Schedule 1 Toxic chemicals"
272:
66:
organic compounds with the bis(2-chloroethyl)amino ((ClC
468:
295:. Production and use is therefore strongly restricted.
865:
78:
NR) functional group. Although originally produced as
838:
1052:
126:. In early December of 1943, an incident during the
1081:
Bureau of Arms
Control, Verification and Compliance
622:Mattes, W. B.; Hartley, J. A.; Kohn, K. W. (1986).
475:Basic and Clinical Toxicology of Mustard Compounds
621:
5483:
1001:
893:
709:
425:
283:Nitrogen mustards are powerful and persistent
5288:
3556:
1434:
1184:
789:
730:
359:was stockpiled by several nations during the
247:Nitrogen mustards form cyclic ammonium ions (
1127:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
670:
335:The IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
287:. HN1, HN2, HN3 are therefore classified as
952:
546:Journal of the American Medical Association
5295:
5281:
3563:
3549:
1441:
1427:
1191:
1177:
397:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1027:
978:
929:
919:
815:
766:
756:
647:
94:Nitrogen mustards are not related to the
869:Journal of the American Chemical Society
841:Journal of the American Chemical Society
586:
550:"An Anniversary for Cancer Chemotherapy"
42:
30:
18:
790:Brookes P, Lawley PD (September 1961).
5484:
2322:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro)
2316:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro)
1150:"Topical Nitrogen Mustard (Mustargen)"
1146:Stanford University School of Medicine
1002:Guainazzi, A.; Schärer, O. D. (2010).
673:"Bendamustine: rebirth of an old drug"
508:
242:
5338:calcium folinate/calcium levofolinate
5276:
3544:
2564:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
1422:
1198:
1172:
1158:University of California, Los Angeles
1087:United States Department of Commerce
1008:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
5341:sodium folinate/sodium levofolinate
3832:ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors
2653:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
671:Cheson BD, Rummel MJ (March 2009).
105:
13:
3998:Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
3954:Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor
2269:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
1138:
953:Bauer GB, Povirk LF (March 1997).
560:(12). jamanetwork.com: 1518–1520.
363:, but it was never used in combat.
14:
5518:
3757:Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
2284:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
2274:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
1075:United States Department of State
373:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2112:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
1555:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
1162:"Brassica alba or Sinapis nigra"
3525:List of chemical warfare agents
1743:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride
1093:Bureau of Industry and Security
1066:
1044:
995:
946:
887:
859:
832:
783:
724:
703:
664:
479:Springer Science+Business Media
401:"Facts About Nitrogen Mustards"
228:was also made from normustard.
3894:Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
3784:Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
615:
580:
537:
502:
462:
419:
389:
349:
323:
1:
3814:Adenosine deaminase inhibitor
3655:Block microtubule disassembly
1382:Propylbenzilylcholine mustard
385:– via books.google.com.
317:
194:bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine
37:bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine
2596:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
2142:Neopentylene fluorophosphate
900:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
737:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
523:10.1016/0002-9610(63)90232-0
188:bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine
25:bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine
16:Family of chemical compounds
7:
2378:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
2238:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
2107:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
731:Geiduschek EP (July 1961).
298:
293:Chemical Weapons Convention
146:
10:
5523:
5437:Keratinocyte growth factor
3217:Hexamethylene diisocyanate
2685:Phenylcarbylamine chloride
2011:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
1342:Acetylethylcholine mustard
1058:. opcw.org. Archived from
151:The nitrogen mustard drug
5497:IARC Group 2A carcinogens
5453:
5435:
5417:
5395:
5373:
5350:
5319:
5233:
5114:Omacetaxine mepesuccinate
4994:Ciltacabtagene autoleucel
4984:Brexucabtagene autoleucel
4930:
4881:
4661:
4654:
4590:
4544:
4477:
4434:
4271:
4256:
4136:
4106:
4031:
4016:
3987:
3883:
3803:
3746:
3729:
3718:
3654:
3607:
3588:
3520:
3480:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
3461:
3325:
3274:
3235:
3094:
2871:
2818:
2680:Perchloromethyl mercaptan
2609:
2410:
2185:
2099:
2091:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10)
2001:
1948:
1932:
1859:
1769:
1760:
1730:
1711:
1678:
1644:
1597:
1588:
1473:
1390:
1327:
1264:
1206:
1103:. cwc.gov. Archived from
1020:10.1007/s00018-010-0492-6
498:– via Google Books.
403:. cdc.gov. Archived from
278:
5166:Talimogene laherparepvec
5099:Nadofaragene firadenovec
5069:Lisocabtagene maraleucel
4018:Topoisomerase inhibitors
3937:DNA polymerase inhibitor
3192:Chloroacetophenone oxime
3177:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
2785:Trifluoroacetyl chloride
2695:Tetrachlorodinitroethane
2342:Phosphorus pentachloride
2167:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
1309:Phenylenediamine mustard
921:10.1073/pnas.92.26.12170
689:10.1200/JCO.2008.18.7252
601:10.1001/jama.296.12.1518
566:10.1001/jama.296.12.1518
200:tris(2-chloroethyl)amine
130:, led to the release of
98:or its pungent essence,
49:tris(2-chloroethyl)amine
4969:Axicabtagene ciloleucel
3573:chemotherapeutic agents
3476:(variants and mixtures)
2740:Trichloronitrosomethane
2735:Trifluoronitrosomethane
2310:Methyldichlorophosphine
1347:Benzilylcholine mustard
343:10.1351/goldbook.M04071
128:air raid on Bari, Italy
112:Yale School of Medicine
89:
5151:Sitimagene ceradenovec
5049:Idecabtagene vicleucel
4614:Methyl aminolevulinate
3275:Cornea-clouding agents
2765:Phosphorus trichloride
2347:Phosphorus trichloride
2081:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843)
1535:Phosphorus trifluoride
715:"SCHEDULE 1 CHEMICALS"
628:Nucleic Acids Research
52:
40:
28:
4625:Porphyrin derivatives
4321:Melphalan flufenamide
3968:Hypomethylating agent
3577:antineoplastic agents
2664:Disulfur decafluoride
2465:Chlorophenylsilatrane
2373:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
1377:Hemicholinium mustard
1357:Decamethonium mustard
1337:Acetylcholine mustard
1266:Antineoplastic agents
971:10.1093/nar/25.6.1211
758:10.1073/pnas.47.7.950
640:10.1093/nar/14.7.2971
428:Nature Reviews Cancer
289:Schedule 1 substances
46:
34:
22:
4954:Asparagine depleters
4883:Receptor antagonists
4797:+abiraterone acetate
3469:Methyl fluoroacetate
3297:Methyl cyanoacrylate
3212:Allyl isothiocyanate
2800:Uranium hexafluoride
2755:Dinitrogen tetroxide
2700:Chlorine trifluoride
1748:Selenium oxychloride
1618:Phenyldichloroarsine
1612:Methyldichloroarsine
1550:Nickel tetracarbonyl
1372:Ethylcholine mustard
711:University of Durham
407:on September 3, 2013
100:allyl isothiocyanate
5004:Denileukin diftitox
4904:Retinoid X receptor
4604:Aminolevulinic acid
4426:Triethylenemelamine
4258:Crosslinking of DNA
3989:Deoxyribonucleotide
3928:+gimeracil/oteracil
3157:Bromobenzyl cyanide
2925:Dimethylheptylpyran
2853:Diphenylcyanoarsine
2848:Diphenylchlorarsine
2780:Methyl vinyl ketone
2705:Perchloryl fluoride
2569:Bicyclic phosphates
2388:Trimethyl phosphite
2337:Phosphoryl chloride
1606:Ethyldichloroarsine
1580:Chloral cyanohydrin
1570:Acetone cyanohydrin
1540:Methyl cyanoformate
912:1995PNAS...9212170D
881:10.1021/ja00060a001
853:10.1021/ja00162a079
749:1961PNAS...47..950G
243:Mechanism of action
5260:Never to phase III
4062:Etirinotecan pegol
3530:CB military symbol
3388:Enterotoxin type B
3343:Cyclopiazonic acid
3302:N-Methylmorpholine
3197:Ethyl bromoacetate
2675:Ethyl bromoacetate
2642:Perfluoroisobutene
2383:Triethyl phosphite
1654:Levinstein mustard
1545:Iron pentacarbonyl
1314:Quinacrine mustard
733:""Reversible" DNA"
544:Jules Hirsch, MD;
237:chloroxymorphamine
53:
41:
29:
5507:Cancer treatments
5502:Nitrogen mustards
5479:
5478:
5419:Alkylating agents
5379:nitrogen mustards
5270:
5269:
5229:
5228:
5186:Tigilanol tiglate
4663:Enzyme inhibitors
4586:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4282:Nitrogen mustards
4252:
4251:
4012:
4011:
3714:
3713:
3538:
3537:
3348:Histrionicotoxins
3326:Biological toxins
3202:Ethyl iodoacetate
2770:Methyl isocyanate
2730:Selenoyl fluoride
2720:Mercuric chloride
2690:Tetranitromethane
2544:Sulfuryl fluoride
2529:HN3 hydrochloride
2524:HN2 hydrochloride
2519:HN1 hydrochloride
2406:
2405:
2363:Phenacyl chloride
2358:Pinacolyl alcohol
2304:Isopropyl alcohol
2299:4-Hydroxycoumarin
2233:1,8-Dibromooctane
1756:
1755:
1680:Nitrogen mustards
1493:Cyanogen chloride
1416:
1415:
1200:Nitrogen mustards
1014:(21): 3683–3697.
959:Nucleic Acids Res
808:10.1042/bj0800496
399:(April 4, 2013).
233:chlornaltrexamine
84:alkylating agents
56:Nitrogen mustards
5514:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5274:
5273:
5191:Tisagenlecleucel
4948:Arsenic trioxide
4659:
4658:
4592:Photosensitizers
4383:Alkyl sulfonates
4297:Cyclophosphamide
4269:
4268:
4208:Anthracenediones
4029:
4028:
4003:Hydroxycarbamide
3744:
3743:
3727:
3726:
3605:
3604:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3542:
3541:
3512:White phosphorus
3489:post-combustion
3485:Depleted uranium
3312:Osmium tetroxide
3187:Phenacyl bromide
2750:Nitrogen dioxide
2725:Selenium dioxide
2715:Cadmium chloride
2172:Dimefox (TL-792)
1767:
1766:
1595:
1594:
1520:Hydrogen sulfide
1499:Hydrogen cyanide
1488:Cyanogen bromide
1454:chemical warfare
1443:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1403:Phenoxybenzamine
1289:Cyclophosphamide
1193:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1153:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1102:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1031:
999:
993:
992:
982:
950:
944:
943:
933:
923:
891:
885:
884:
863:
857:
856:
836:
830:
829:
819:
787:
781:
780:
770:
760:
728:
722:
721:
719:
707:
701:
700:
668:
662:
661:
651:
634:(7): 2971–2987.
619:
613:
612:
584:
578:
577:
541:
535:
534:
506:
500:
499:
497:
495:
466:
460:
459:
423:
417:
416:
414:
412:
393:
387:
386:
361:Second World War
353:
347:
346:
327:
157:cyclophosphamide
106:Chemical warfare
80:chemical warfare
5522:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5461:Arginine/lysine
5449:
5431:
5413:
5391:
5369:
5346:
5315:
5301:
5271:
5266:
5265:
5250:Clinical trials
5225:
4931:Other/ungrouped
4926:
4877:
4650:
4630:Porfimer sodium
4578:
4540:
4473:
4430:
4260:
4248:
4132:
4102:
4020:
4008:
3983:
3879:
3799:
3735:
3733:antimetabolites
3731:
3730:DNA precursors/
3722:
3720:DNA replication
3710:
3650:
3620:Vinca alkaloids
3596:
3584:
3569:
3539:
3534:
3516:
3457:
3368:Botulinum toxin
3321:
3270:
3231:
3142:Benzyl chloride
3097:
3090:
2874:
2867:
2858:Cacodyl cyanide
2820:Vomiting agents
2814:
2612:
2605:
2514:Dimethylmercury
2436:Botulinum toxin
2402:
2181:
2095:
1997:
1950:Novichok agents
1944:
1928:
1855:
1752:
1726:
1707:
1674:
1646:Sulfur mustards
1640:
1584:
1530:Carbon monoxide
1510:Cacodyl cyanide
1469:
1468:
1452:Agents used in
1447:
1417:
1412:
1386:
1352:Choline mustard
1323:
1274:Aniline mustard
1260:
1202:
1197:
1152:. stanford.edu.
1141:
1139:Further reading
1136:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1071:
1067:
1049:
1045:
1000:
996:
951:
947:
906:(26): 12170–4.
892:
888:
864:
860:
837:
833:
788:
784:
729:
725:
717:
708:
704:
683:(9): 1492–501.
669:
665:
620:
616:
595:(12): 1518–20.
585:
581:
542:
538:
507:
503:
493:
491:
489:
467:
463:
440:10.1038/nrc1529
424:
420:
410:
408:
394:
390:
383:
354:
350:
329:
328:
324:
320:
310:Sulphur mustard
301:
281:
245:
149:
108:
92:
77:
73:
69:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5520:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5492:Blister agents
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5448:
5447:
5441:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5401:anthracyclines
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5361:
5359:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5339:
5329:
5327:
5317:
5316:
5300:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5277:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5258:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5137:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4912:
4900:
4887:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4842:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4810:
4804:
4799:
4791:
4784:PARP inhibitor
4780:
4768:
4756:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4715:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4680:
4667:
4665:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4588:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4532:
4527:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4489:
4483:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4436:Platinum-based
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4401:
4400:
4394:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4352:
4347:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4294:
4289:
4277:
4275:
4266:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4215:
4204:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4163:
4158:
4151:Anthracyclines
4146:
4144:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4124:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4037:
4035:
4026:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
3993:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3975:
3963:
3962:
3949:
3948:
3932:
3931:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3869:Mercaptopurine
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3839:
3823:
3822:
3809:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3791:
3780:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3752:
3750:
3741:
3724:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3696:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3615:
3613:
3602:
3586:
3585:
3571:Intracellular
3568:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3491:uranium oxides
3482:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3222:Crotonaldehyde
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:Benzyl bromide
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3086:Chlorpromazine
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2879:
2877:
2873:Incapacitating
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2760:Sulfur dioxide
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2613:choking agents
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Tetraethyllead
2506:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2213:A.P.C. complex
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1924:V-sub x (GD-7)
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1721:Phosgene oxime
1717:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1590:Blister agents
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1560:Glycolonitrile
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1459:incapacitation
1456:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1154:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1065:
1062:on 2013-06-07.
1043:
994:
945:
886:
858:
847:(6): 2459–60.
831:
802:(3): 496–503.
782:
723:
702:
677:J. Clin. Oncol
663:
614:
579:
536:
501:
487:
481:. p. 64.
461:
418:
388:
382:978-0781749862
381:
375:. p. 16.
348:
321:
319:
316:
315:
314:
312:
307:
300:
297:
285:blister agents
280:
277:
244:
241:
212:drugs such as
203:
202:
196:
190:
148:
145:
107:
104:
91:
88:
75:
71:
67:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5519:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5452:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5434:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5340:
5337:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5298:
5293:
5291:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5125:
5124:Tabelecleucel
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5084:Lurbinectedin
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4546:Intercalation
4543:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4454:Dicycloplatin
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4327:Prednimustine
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4259:
4255:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4142:Intercalation
4139:
4135:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4019:
4015:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3945:+daunorubicin
3943:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3909:Doxifluridine
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3858:Rabacfosadine
3856:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3554:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3502:its compounds
3499:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3438:Tetanospasmin
3436:
3434:
3433:T-2 mycotoxin
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3363:Batrachotoxin
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:Allyl alcohol
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Chloroacetone
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:Benzyl iodide
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:Xylyl bromide
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2894:Butyrophenone
2892:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2863:o-Dianisidine
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:Cadmium oxide
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Batrachotoxin
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2442:Tetanospasmin
2440:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1713:Nettle agents
1710:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Cacodyl oxide
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1130:
1124:
1110:on 2013-10-20
1106:
1099:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:
990:
986:
981:
976:
972:
968:
965:(6): 1211–8.
964:
960:
956:
949:
941:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
890:
882:
878:
875:(7): 2551–7.
874:
870:
862:
854:
850:
846:
842:
835:
827:
823:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
778:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
727:
716:
712:
706:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
667:
659:
655:
650:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
618:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
583:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
540:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
505:
490:
488:9783319238746
484:
480:
476:
472:
465:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
422:
411:September 12,
406:
402:
398:
392:
384:
378:
374:
370:
369:
362:
358:
352:
344:
340:
336:
332:
326:
322:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
296:
294:
290:
286:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
250:
240:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
201:
197:
195:
191:
189:
185:
184:
183:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
144:
142:
138:
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:Louis Goodman
117:
116:Alfred Gilman
113:
103:
101:
97:
96:mustard plant
87:
85:
81:
65:
61:
57:
50:
45:
38:
33:
26:
21:
5466:Glucarpidase
5378:
5334:Folinic acid
5325:methotrexate
5308:chemotherapy
5171:Tazemetostat
5135:Alitretinoin
5128:
5039:Estramustine
5019:Elsamitrucin
5009:Eflornithine
4963:Pegaspargase
4959:Asparaginase
4952:
4921:Testolactone
4914:
4902:
4890:
4844:
4829:Panobinostat
4812:
4782:
4770:
4758:
4746:
4717:
4682:
4670:
4623:
4619:Padeliporfin
4558:Dactinomycin
4554:Streptomyces
4535:Temozolomide
4530:Mitozolomide
4518:
4509:Mitobronitol
4498:Procarbazine
4491:
4479:Nonclassical
4404:
4381:
4375:Streptozocin
4340:Nitrosoureas
4338:
4312:Chlorambucil
4306:Trofosfamide
4292:Chlormethine
4287:Bendamustine
4281:
4280:
4218:Mitoxantrone
4213:Losoxantrone
4206:
4166:Daunorubicin
4149:
4115:
4052:Camptothecin
4040:
3996:
3966:
3952:
3935:
3919:Fluorouracil
3899:Capecitabine
3892:
3862:
3826:
3812:
3782:
3777:Pralatrexate
3767:Methotrexate
3755:
3698:
3661:
3618:
3443:Tetrodotoxin
3393:Grayanotoxin
3172:Bromoacetone
3162:Thiophosgene
3117:Mace (spray)
3111:Pepper spray
3096:Lachrymatory
3081:Fluphenazine
3076:Procarbazine
2986:Sleeping gas
2834:Chloropicrin
2745:Nitric oxide
2647:Chloropicrin
2591:Cloflubicyne
2554:Oxotremorine
2503:Antillatoxin
2482:Tetrodotoxin
2431:Bungarotoxin
2327:Nitromethane
2289:Formaldoxime
2228:Cyclohexanol
2193:Acetonitrile
1940:GV (EA-5365)
1762:Nerve agents
1679:
1565:Lactonitrile
1475:Blood agents
1464:riot control
1319:Spiromustine
1294:Mannomustine
1284:Chlorambucil
1279:Bendamustine
1199:
1112:. Retrieved
1105:the original
1096:(May 2004).
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1068:
1060:the original
1046:
1011:
1007:
997:
962:
958:
948:
903:
899:
889:
872:
868:
861:
844:
840:
834:
799:
795:
785:
743:(7): 950–5.
740:
736:
726:
720:. dur.ac.uk.
705:
680:
676:
666:
631:
627:
617:
592:
588:
582:
557:
553:
539:
517:(5): 574–8.
514:
510:
504:
492:. Retrieved
474:
464:
434:(1): 65–72.
431:
427:
421:
409:. Retrieved
405:the original
391:
367:
351:
334:
325:
282:
254:
246:
230:
226:Canfosfamide
218:aripiprazole
204:
181:
177:Bendamustine
173:bendamustine
161:chlorambucil
150:
137:chemotherapy
109:
93:
59:
55:
54:
5471:Trilaciclib
5409:Dexrazoxane
5365:Rasburicase
5310:treatment (
5306:agents for
5304:Detoxifying
5246:from market
5216:Vorasidenib
5196:Trabectedin
5181:Tiazofurine
5176:Tebentafusp
5161:Tagraxofusp
5119:Plitidepsin
5089:Mitoguazone
5029:Epacadostat
4999:Demecolcine
4943:Aflibercept
4916:Sex steroid
4789:Fuzuloparib
4730:Carfilzomib
4702:Palbociclib
4692:Abemaciclib
4645:Verteporfin
4609:Efaproxiral
4525:Dacarbazine
4487:Altretamine
4469:Satraplatin
4464:Oxaliplatin
4444:Carboplatin
4421:Triaziquone
4392:Mannosulfan
4370:Ranimustine
4350:Fotemustine
4191:Pirarubicin
4176:Doxorubicin
4170:+cytarabine
4156:Aclarubicin
4117:Podophyllum
4042:Camptotheca
3973:Azacitidine
3959:Gemcitabine
3914:Floxuridine
3847:Fludarabine
3842:Clofarabine
3828:Halogenated
3819:Pentostatin
3794:Raltitrexed
3762:Aminopterin
3705:Ixabepilone
3700:Epothilones
3668:Cabazitaxel
3645:Vinorelbine
3630:Vincristine
3625:Vinblastine
3610:microtubule
3453:Veratridine
3428:Shiga toxin
3383:Domoic acid
3246:Thioacetone
3207:Iodoacetone
3071:Pentazocine
3066:Sevoflurane
3031:CAR-302,668
3026:CAR-302,282
3021:CAR-302,196
3016:CAR-301,060
3011:CAR-226,086
2991:Carfentanil
2889:Apomorphine
2810:Green Cross
2601:Domoic acid
2412:Neurotoxins
2332:OPA mixture
2223:Chlorosoman
2218:Chlorosarin
2152:Phospholine
1851:Crotylsarin
1836:Fluorotabun
1808:Chlorosoman
1790:Chlorosarin
1329:Neurotoxins
1164:. ucla.edu.
511:Am. J. Surg
357:mustard gas
305:Mustard gas
291:within the
261:mitomycin C
249:aziridinium
214:mazapertine
132:mustard gas
5486:Categories
5445:Palifermin
5427:Amifostine
5321:Folic acid
5211:Verdinexor
5206:Venetoclax
5109:Oblimersen
5104:Navitoclax
5079:Lucanthone
5074:Lonidamine
5064:Lifileucel
5059:Ivosidenib
5054:Imetelstat
5024:Enasidenib
5014:Elesclomol
4979:Bexarotene
4974:Belzutifan
4909:Bexarotene
4897:Atrasentan
4872:Umbralisib
4867:Idelalisib
4857:Copanlisib
4839:Vorinostat
4834:Romidepsin
4824:Entinostat
4819:Belinostat
4777:Masoprocol
4765:Tiazofurin
4753:Anagrelide
4725:Bortezomib
4712:Seliciclib
4707:Ribociclib
4687:inhibitors
4677:Tipifarnib
4640:Temoporfin
4635:Talaporfin
4573:Plicamycin
4568:Mitomycins
4514:Pipobroman
4493:Hydrazines
4459:Nedaplatin
4411:Carboquone
4406:Aziridines
4397:Treosulfan
4345:Carmustine
4332:Uramustine
4301:Ifosfamide
4273:Alkylating
4234:Bisantrene
4223:Pixantrone
4196:Valrubicin
4186:Idarubicin
4181:Epirubicin
4127:Teniposide
4082:Lurtotecan
4077:Irinotecan
3978:Decitabine
3942:Cytarabine
3885:Pyrimidine
3874:Tioguanine
3864:Thiopurine
3853:Nelarabine
3837:Cladribine
3789:Pemetrexed
3772:Pemetrexed
3748:Folic acid
3688:Paclitaxel
3640:Vinflunine
3403:Maitotoxin
3398:Guanitoxin
3378:Ciguatoxin
3373:Brevetoxin
3358:Anatoxin-a
3353:Aflatoxins
3266:Putrescine
3261:Cadaverine
3237:Malodorant
3056:Isoflurane
3041:Desflurane
3036:Benperidol
2981:Psilocybin
2976:PAVA spray
2658:Diphosgene
2611:Pulmonary/
2539:Picrotoxin
2498:Strychnine
2492:Brevetoxin
2476:Maitotoxin
2459:Guanitoxin
2453:Ciguatoxin
2420:Anatoxin-a
2353:Pinacolone
2186:Precursors
2147:Selenophos
2003:Carbamates
1919:Chinese VX
1825:Cyclosarin
1814:Ethylsarin
1785:Sarin (GB)
1636:Lewisite 3
1630:Lewisite 2
1599:Arsenicals
1398:Dibenamine
1114:2013-09-12
796:Biochem. J
331:"Mustards"
318:References
265:carmustine
222:fluanisone
210:piperazine
206:Normustard
165:uramustine
39:, mustine)
5352:Uric acid
5332:Salts of
5256:Phase III
5244:Withdrawn
5221:Vosaroxin
5201:Veliparib
5156:Sotorasib
5146:Selinexor
5140:Tretinoin
5130:Retinoids
5044:Glasdegib
4989:Celecoxib
4938:Adagrasib
4862:Duvelisib
4852:Alpelisib
4807:Rucaparib
4794:Niraparib
4735:Oprozomib
4697:Alvocidib
4563:Bleomycin
4520:Triazenes
4504:Etoglucid
4449:Cisplatin
4365:Nimustine
4359:Semustine
4355:Lomustine
4317:Melphalan
4244:Menogaril
4239:Crisnatol
4229:Amsacrine
4201:Zorubicin
4161:Amrubicin
4122:Etoposide
4097:Topotecan
4092:Silatecan
4087:Rubitecan
4072:Gimatecan
4057:Cositecan
4047:Belotecan
3723:inhibitor
3693:Tesetaxel
3683:Ortataxel
3678:Larotaxel
3673:Docetaxel
3635:Vindesine
3498:Plutonium
3448:Volkensin
3423:Saxitoxin
3413:Palytoxin
3338:Aconitine
3061:Halothane
3051:Bufotenin
3046:Enflurane
2966:Kolokol-1
2946:Pethidine
2920:Etoxadrol
2905:Etorphine
2901:(CS-4640)
2885:(CS-4030)
2843:glycerine
2790:Salcomine
2549:Tremorine
2487:Aconitine
2470:Palytoxin
2448:Ryanodine
2425:Saxitoxin
2162:Ro 3-0422
1933:GV agents
1796:Thiosarin
1525:Phosphine
1304:Mustamine
1299:Melphalan
1208:Vesicants
494:March 12,
456:205467419
355:Nitrogen
257:cisplatin
169:melphalan
64:cytotoxic
5375:Acrolein
5094:Mitotane
5034:Eribulin
4802:Olaparib
4740:Ixazomib
4416:Thiotepa
4388:Busulfan
4067:Exatecan
3904:Carmofur
3612:assembly
3575: /
3507:Polonium
3408:Modeccin
3317:Acrolein
3282:Lewisite
3227:DRC-5593
3182:Acrolein
3006:CS-27349
2956:Ibogaine
2839:Litharge
2828:Adamsite
2805:Diborane
2795:Fluomine
2775:Ethenone
2670:Acrolein
2637:Fluorine
2631:Phosgene
2621:Chlorine
2021:EA-3887A
1993:C01-A042
1988:C01-A039
1983:C01-A035
1861:V-agents
1771:G-agents
1656:(EA-229)
1624:Lewisite
1483:Cyanogen
1160:(2002).
1148:(2013).
1123:cite web
1038:20730555
826:16748923
777:13704192
697:19224851
609:17003400
574:17003400
548:(2006).
531:13947966
448:15630416
337:. 2014.
299:See also
269:psoralen
147:Examples
124:lymphoma
4023:S phase
3924:Tegafur
3738:S phase
3663:Taxanes
3599:M phase
3256:Skatole
3251:Allicin
2961:EA-3834
2951:EA-3580
2941:EA-3443
2936:EA-3167
2931:EA-2148
2915:CS-4297
2910:EA-2092
2899:EA-4941
2626:Bromine
2264:EA-1224
2244:EA-1250
2157:R-16661
2132:EA-2613
2127:EA-2098
2122:EA-2054
2117:EA-2012
2086:3152 CT
2076:TL-1317
2071:TL-1299
2066:TL-1238
2036:EA-4056
2031:EA-3990
2026:EA-3966
2016:EA-3887
1914:EA-1763
1874:EA-3148
1869:EA-2192
1846:EA-4352
1841:EA-1356
1575:Stibine
1029:3732395
989:9092631
940:8618865
908:Bibcode
817:1243259
745:Bibcode
658:3960738
153:mustine
141:mustine
5239:WHO-EM
4848:(Pi3K)
3805:Purine
3608:Block
3474:Napalm
3239:agents
3098:agents
3001:JB-336
2996:JB-318
2971:LSD-25
2927:(DMHP)
2875:agents
2534:A-8564
2494:(PbTX)
2444:(TeNT)
2061:TL-599
2051:T-1194
2046:T-1152
2041:T-1123
1810:(ClGD)
1792:(ClGB)
1703:TL-301
1505:Arsine
1256:TL-995
1251:TL-695
1246:TL-513
1241:TL-512
1236:TL-481
1231:TL-301
1036:
1026:
987:
980:146567
977:
938:
928:
824:
814:
775:
768:221307
765:
695:
656:
649:339715
646:
607:
572:
529:
485:
454:
446:
379:
279:Safety
267:, and
220:&
171:, and
62:) are
5454:Other
5387:Mesna
5312:V03AF
4760:IMPDI
4655:Other
3462:Other
3418:Ricin
3333:Abrin
3292:KB-16
2574:IPTBO
2505:(ATX)
2478:(MTX)
2472:(PTX)
2461:(GTX)
2455:(CTX)
2438:(BTX)
2294:Nital
2100:Other
1978:A-262
1973:A-242
1968:A-234
1963:A-232
1958:A-208
1802:Soman
1798:(SGB)
1779:Tabun
1738:KB-16
1731:Other
1408:SY-28
1391:Other
1367:DSP-4
1108:(PDF)
1101:(PDF)
931:40318
718:(PDF)
452:S2CID
198:HN3:
192:HN2:
186:HN1:
139:drug
47:HN3 (
35:HN2 (
23:HN1 (
5397:Iron
4846:PIKI
4814:HDAC
4263:CCNS
3500:and
3113:(OC)
2830:(DM)
2660:(DP)
2649:(PS)
2633:(CG)
2584:TBPS
2579:TBPO
2427:(TZ)
2349:(TH)
2318:(DF)
2312:(SW)
2306:(TB)
2279:DMHP
2259:DEHP
2249:DIHP
2240:(KB)
2177:MSPI
1827:(GF)
1816:(GE)
1804:(GD)
1781:(GA)
1723:(CX)
1670:CEES
1638:(L3)
1632:(L2)
1620:(PD)
1614:(MD)
1608:(ED)
1501:(AC)
1495:(CK)
1362:DMEA
1129:link
1034:PMID
985:PMID
936:PMID
822:PMID
773:PMID
693:PMID
654:PMID
605:PMID
589:JAMA
570:PMID
554:JAMA
527:PMID
496:2019
483:ISBN
444:PMID
413:2013
377:ISBN
235:and
118:and
90:Name
5356:TLS
4892:ERA
4748:PhI
4719:PrI
4684:CDK
4596:PDT
3594:MIs
3590:SPs
3581:L01
3137:CNS
2666:(Z)
2208:AlP
2203:ATO
1698:HN3
1693:HN2
1688:HN1
1626:(L)
1226:HN3
1221:HN2
1216:HN1
1024:PMC
1016:doi
975:PMC
967:doi
926:PMC
916:doi
877:doi
873:115
849:doi
845:112
812:PMC
804:doi
763:PMC
753:doi
685:doi
644:PMC
636:doi
597:doi
593:296
562:doi
558:296
519:doi
515:105
436:doi
339:doi
273:p53
114:by
86:.
60:NMs
5488::
5399:/
5377:/
5323:/
5252::
4772:LI
4672:FI
4138:II
4108:II
3930:))
3287:CX
3132:CR
3127:CS
3122:CN
2883:BZ
2398:TG
2393:TC
2368:QL
2254:ZS
2198:AT
1909:VX
1904:VS
1899:VR
1894:VP
1889:VM
1884:VG
1879:VE
1831:GP
1820:GH
1125:}}
1121:{{
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1084:;
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
