36:
261:. In the late 1910s, prior to completing her PhD, she taught biology classes for women and throughout the 1920s she would give lectures on biology, health, and human genetics to various women's groups including the
297:
Between 1937 and her death she made many valuable contributions to the study of human genetics, and became a globally-renowned expert on multiple births. She was the first person to apply
580:
MacArthur, J.; Ford, N. Blatz, WE (ed.). "A biological study of the Dionne quintuplets: an identical set". Collected studies on the Dionne quintuplets. University of
Toronto Press: 3–49.
233:
at many
Canadian universities. Her academic career spanned six decades and she published prolifically in both human genetics and entomology. She was elected a
846:
836:
460:
Ford, Norma (1936). "Further observations on the behaviour of
Wohlfahrtia vigil (Walk.) with notes on the collecting and rearing of the flies".
229:. She was a strong advocate for women in science, and supervised many women would later become the first appointed department heads of
841:
226:
156:
811:
234:
26:
648:
213:
as a research field. Though she began her academic career as an entomologist, working as an invertebrate zoologist at the
831:
272:, and in addition to her thesis (completed in 1923), she published several papers on the physiology and behaviour of the
372:
Miller, Fiona (2002). "The
Importance of Being Marginal: Norma Ford Walker and a Canadian School of Medical Genetics".
222:
658:
816:
782:
320:
217:, she became interested in medical genetics in the 1930s, and researched the medical genetics of the then famous
826:
677:; Ford Walker, N. (1956). "Notation for serum-protein groups and the genes control- ling their inheritance".
821:
225:
and between 1947 and 1962, was the first director of the
Department of Genetics at what was then the
598:
294:
were truly genetically identical, and left entomology behind. In 1943, she married Edmund Walker.
728:
Smithies, O.; Ford Walker, N. (1955). "Genetic control of some serum proteins in normal humans".
287:
209:(September 3, 1893 – August 9, 1968) was a Canadian scientist who pioneered the development of
495:
Ford, Norma (1932). "bservations on the behaviour of the
Sarcophagid fly, Wohlfahrtia vigil".
612:
Ford Walker, Norma (1957). "The use of dermal configurations in the diagnosis of
Mongolism".
585:
250:
214:
99:
806:
801:
737:
686:
269:
258:
184:
8:
60:
741:
690:
761:
710:
547:
512:
477:
291:
246:
218:
113:
109:
625:
753:
702:
654:
629:
442:
389:
551:
765:
745:
714:
694:
621:
539:
504:
469:
434:
407:
381:
349:
210:
179:
138:
249:
to Norman W. Ford and
Margaret Henrietta Dyke She entered into a BA degree at the
674:
309:
298:
273:
146:
650:
History And
Development Of Human Genetics, The: Progress In Different Countries
230:
795:
302:
277:
757:
706:
633:
393:
194:
446:
313:
282:
262:
169:
A Comparative Study of the
Abdominal Musculature of Orthopteroid Insects
567:
A comparative study of the abdominal musculature of orthopteroid insects
516:
481:
385:
142:
786:
749:
543:
698:
508:
473:
438:
353:
340:
Miller, Fiona (2008). "Remembering Norma Ford Walker (1893–1968)".
89:
35:
254:
78:
163:
787:
University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services
245:
Norma Henrietta Carswell Ford was born September 3, 1893, at
530:
Ford, Norma (1925–1926). "On the behaviour of Grylloblata".
727:
673:
425:
Thompson, Margaret (1968). "Norma Ford Walker 1893-1968".
312:
genetics in her lab and with him, demonstrated that
569:(PhD Dissertation ed.). University of Toronto.
408:""Ontario Births, 1869-1912," database with images"
579:
319:In 1966, she was awarded an honorary degree from
793:
290:on a study tasked with determining whether the
367:
365:
363:
221:. She was an original founding member of the
611:
646:
360:
34:
529:
427:Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology
424:
257:there in 1923, under the supervision of
847:20th-century Canadian women scientists
837:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
794:
371:
339:
235:Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
494:
459:
374:American Journal of Medical Genetics
13:
227:Toronto Hospital for Sick Children
223:American Society of Human Genetics
157:Toronto Hospital for Sick Children
14:
858:
783:Norma Ford Walker archival papers
776:
323:for her scientific achievements.
253:in 1914 and completed her PhD in
842:20th-century Canadian zoologists
564:
240:
721:
667:
653:. World Scientific. p. 6.
640:
605:
573:
558:
523:
488:
453:
418:
400:
333:
1:
626:10.1016/s0022-3476(57)80005-5
326:
47:Norma Henrietta Carswell Ford
812:University of Toronto alumni
647:Dronamraju, Krishna (1992).
321:Queen's University, Kingston
7:
10:
863:
832:Canadian women geneticists
200:
190:
178:
162:
152:
134:
127:
119:
105:
95:
85:
67:
42:
33:
21:
497:Journal of Parasitology
462:Journal of Parasitology
817:Canadian entomologists
593:Cite journal requires
288:principal investigator
268:Her early work was in
614:Journal of Pediatrics
532:Canadian Entomologist
316:types were inherited
251:University of Toronto
215:University of Toronto
100:University of Toronto
827:Canadian geneticists
301:in the diagnosis of
286:In 1937, she was co-
270:invertebrate zoology
259:Edmund Murton Walker
185:Edmund Murton Walker
123:Edmund Murton Walker
822:Women entomologists
742:1955Natur.176.1265S
736:(4496): 1265–1266.
691:1956Natur.178..694S
61:St. Thomas, Ontario
386:10.1002/ajmg.10544
292:Dionne Quintuplets
247:St Thomas, Ontario
219:Dionne Quintuplets
114:Dionne Quintuplets
112:, Research on the
110:Genetic Counseling
16:Canadian scientist
750:10.1038/1761265a0
685:(4535): 694–695.
544:10.4039/ent5866-3
207:Norma Ford Walker
204:
203:
191:Doctoral students
129:Scientific career
57:September 3, 1893
23:Norma Ford Walker
854:
770:
769:
725:
719:
718:
699:10.1038/178694a0
671:
665:
664:
644:
638:
637:
609:
603:
602:
596:
591:
589:
581:
577:
571:
570:
562:
556:
555:
527:
521:
520:
492:
486:
485:
457:
451:
450:
422:
416:
415:
404:
398:
397:
369:
358:
357:
348:(12): vii–viii.
337:
211:medical genetics
180:Doctoral advisor
174:
139:Medical Genetics
74:
56:
54:
38:
19:
18:
862:
861:
857:
856:
855:
853:
852:
851:
792:
791:
779:
774:
773:
726:
722:
672:
668:
661:
645:
641:
610:
606:
594:
592:
583:
582:
578:
574:
563:
559:
528:
524:
509:10.2307/3271610
493:
489:
474:10.2307/3271857
458:
454:
439:10.1139/g68-095
423:
419:
406:
405:
401:
370:
361:
354:10.1139/g08-915
338:
334:
329:
310:Oliver Smithies
299:dermatoglyphics
274:Grylloblatteria
243:
172:
147:Dermatoglyphics
96:Alma mater
81:
76:
72:
63:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
860:
850:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
790:
789:
778:
777:External links
775:
772:
771:
720:
666:
659:
639:
604:
595:|journal=
572:
557:
522:
487:
468:(4): 309–328.
452:
417:
399:
380:(2): 102–110.
359:
331:
330:
328:
325:
242:
239:
231:human genetics
202:
201:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
166:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
136:
132:
131:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
107:
106:Known for
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
75:(aged 74)
71:August 9, 1968
69:
65:
64:
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
31:
30:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
859:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
797:
788:
784:
781:
780:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
724:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
670:
662:
660:9789814555210
656:
652:
651:
643:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
608:
600:
587:
576:
568:
565:Ford, Norma.
561:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
526:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
491:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
456:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
421:
413:
409:
403:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
368:
366:
364:
355:
351:
347:
343:
336:
332:
324:
322:
317:
315:
311:
306:
304:
303:Down syndrome
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
284:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
241:Life and work
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
199:
196:
193:
189:
186:
183:
181:
177:
170:
167:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
70:
66:
62:
45:
41:
37:
32:
28:
20:
785:held at the
733:
729:
723:
682:
678:
675:Smithies, O.
669:
649:
642:
620:(1): 19–26.
617:
613:
607:
586:cite journal
575:
566:
560:
538:(3): 66–70.
535:
531:
525:
500:
496:
490:
465:
461:
455:
430:
426:
420:
412:FamilySearch
411:
402:
377:
373:
345:
341:
335:
318:
307:
296:
281:
267:
244:
206:
205:
195:Irene Uchida
168:
153:Institutions
128:
73:(1968-08-09)
807:1968 deaths
802:1893 births
503:: 106–111.
433:(4): i–ii.
314:haptoglobin
308:She taught
283:Wohlfahrtia
278:sarcophagid
263:Girl Guides
86:Citizenship
796:Categories
327:References
143:Entomology
53:1893-09-03
237:in 1958.
758:13321879
707:13369501
634:13377275
552:84997483
394:12400056
276:and the
90:Canadian
766:2308929
738:Bibcode
715:4255149
687:Bibcode
517:3271610
482:3271857
447:4935304
255:zoology
79:Toronto
764:
756:
730:Nature
713:
705:
679:Nature
657:
632:
550:
515:
480:
445:
392:
342:Genome
173:(1923)
171:
164:Thesis
135:Fields
120:Spouse
762:S2CID
711:S2CID
548:S2CID
513:JSTOR
478:JSTOR
280:fly,
754:PMID
703:PMID
655:ISBN
630:PMID
599:help
443:PMID
390:PMID
68:Died
43:Born
27:FRSC
746:doi
734:178
695:doi
683:178
622:doi
540:doi
505:doi
470:doi
435:doi
382:doi
378:115
350:doi
798::
760:.
752:.
744:.
732:.
709:.
701:.
693:.
681:.
628:.
618:50
616:.
590::
588:}}
584:{{
546:.
536:58
534:.
511:.
501:19
499:.
476:.
466:22
464:.
441:.
431:10
429:.
410:.
388:.
376:.
362:^
346:51
344:.
305:.
265:.
145:,
141:,
768:.
748::
740::
717:.
697::
689::
663:.
636:.
624::
601:)
597:(
554:.
542::
519:.
507::
484:.
472::
449:.
437::
414:.
396:.
384::
356:.
352::
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.