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to sunrise at midsummer he calculated the construction of the monument to have taken place in 1680 BC. Radiocarbon dating in 1952 gave a date of 1800 BC. He also confirmed the alignment of the
Parthenon on the rising point of the Pleiades and did extensive work on the solar and stellar alignments of
262:
In 1868 a prominent yellow line was observed in a spectrum taken near the edge of the Sun. Its wavelength was about 588 nm, slightly less than the so-called "D" lines of sodium. The line could not be explained as due to any material known at the time, and so it was suggested by
Lockyer, after he
271:, and because their papers reached the French academy on the same day, he and Lockyer usually are awarded joint credit for helium's discovery. Terrestrial helium was found about 27 years later by the Scottish chemist
214:. His early introduction to science was through his father, who was a pioneer of the electric telegraph. After a conventional schooling supplemented by travel in Switzerland and France, he worked for some years as a
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314:. Travelling 1890 in Greece he noticed the east–west orientation of many temples, in Egypt he found an orientation of temples to sunrise at midsummer and towards Sirius. Assuming orientation of the Heel-Stone of
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Lockyer's first wife
Winifred née James died in 1879. They had six sons and two daughters in all. In 1903, Lockyer started a second marriage, to suffragist
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as an analytical tool for determining the composition of heavenly bodies. He conducted his research from his new home in West
Hampstead, with a
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234:. In 1885 he became the world's first professor of astronomical physics at the Royal College of Science, South Kensington, now part of
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361:, but is now owned by the East Devon District Council, and run by the Norman Lockyer Observatory Society. The Norman Lockyer Chair in
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after the Greek word 'Helios' meaning 'sun'. An observation of the new yellow line had been made earlier by
Janssen at the
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To facilitate the transmission of ideas between scientific disciplines, Lockyer established the general science journal
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Lockyer died at his home in
Salcombe Regis in 1920, and was buried there in the churchyard of St Peter and St Mary.
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Frost, Michael (2007). "Lockyer, Joseph Norman". In Hockey, Thomas; Trimble, Virginia; Williams, Thomas R. (eds.).
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had observed it from London, that the yellow line was caused by an unknown solar element. He named this element
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177:(17 May 1836 – 16 August 1920) was an English scientist and astronomer. Along with the French scientist
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238:. At the college, the Solar Physics Observatory was built for him and here he directed research until 1913.
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is currently held by
Professor Tim Naylor, who is the member of the Astrophysics group there which studies
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337:(née Browne). After his retirement in 1913, Lockyer established an observatory near his home in
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Report to the
Committee on Solar Physics on the Basic Lines Common to Spots and Prominences
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Kochhar, R.K. (1991). "French astronomers in India during the 17th - 19th centuries".
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This building on Sheep Street, Rugby was
Lockyer's birthplace, as is declared by
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Egyptian temples and their dating, presented in his book The Dawn Of
Astronomy.
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Wilkins, George A. (1994). "Sir Norman Lockyer's Contributions to Science".
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Wilkins, G. A. (1994). "Sir Norman Lockyer's Contributions to Science".
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Lockyer led eight expeditions to observe solar eclipses for example in
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Stonehenge and Other British Stone Monuments Astronomically Considered
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349:. Originally known as the Hill Observatory, the site was renamed the
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Certificate of candidacy for Lockyer's election to the Royal Society
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Archives of the Norman Lockyer Observatory (University of Exeter)
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Frost, Michael A. (2005). "J. Norman Lockyer: The Early Years".
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Satterly, John (1921). "Sir J. Norman Lockyer, K.C.B., F.R.S.".
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in 1874. He remained its editor until shortly before his death.
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1163:(online ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
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1293:"Obituary Notices : Fellows:- Lockyer, Mary Thomasina"
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Meadows, Arthur Jack (2004). "Lockyer, Sir Joseph Norman".
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The Rules of Golf: Being the St. Andrews Rules for the Game
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Prof. Tim Naylor, Norman Lockyer Professor of Astrophysics
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Norman Lockyer Observatory & James Lockyer Planetarium
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Science and Controversy: a Biography of Sir Norman Lockyer
1221:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 84–85.
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Rolston, W. E. (1920). "Sir Norman Lockyer (1836–1920)".
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259:-inch telescope which he had already used in Wimbledon.
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
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Norman Lockyer Observatory radio station in Sidmouth
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
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Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
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Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
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Inorganic Evolution as Studied by Spectrum Analysis
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1366:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1297:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1113:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
1074:Wilkins, George A. (2006). "The Lockyer Ladies".
460:Norman Lockyer; George Mitchell Seabroke (1878).
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1216:
944:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p.
746:(1921). "Sir Norman Lockyer, 1836–1920".
643:Norman Lockyer; Winifred Lucas Lockyer (1910).
357:. For a time the observatory was a part of the
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631:Norman Lockyer; Joseph Norman Lockyer (1909).
619:Norman Lockyer; Joseph Norman Lockyer (1906).
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490:Joseph Norman Lockyer; Norman Lockyer (1887).
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353:after his death and directed by his fifth son
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817:"Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer–(1836-1920)"
1009:The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers
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897:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A
16:English scientist and astronomer (1836–1920)
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553:Norman Lockyer; William Rutherford (1896).
538:, v.48, n.1228, 11 May 1893, pp. 42–43
528:, (communicated by Joseph Norman Lockyer),
288:in 1869. He was elected as a member of the
1579:Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
1478:Brief biography of Lockyer by Chris Plicht
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602:On the Influence of Brain Power on History
388:English Heritage plaque in Penywern Road,
241:In the 1860s Lockyer became fascinated by
181:, he is credited with discovering the gas
34:
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1256:. Macmillan Journals Limited. p. 99.
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688:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
646:Tennyson, as a Student and Poet of Nature
1495:Astrophysics Group, University of Exeter
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377:. Naylor was the lead scientist for the
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1414:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
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1160:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1153:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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892:"Sir Norman Lockyer, K.C.B., 1836–1920"
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589:. Macmillan and Co., Limited. p.
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447:The Spectroscope and Its Applications
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1334:"Around the Churches of East Devon"
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230:with a particular interest in the
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310:Lockyer is among the pioneers of
1589:20th-century British astronomers
1584:19th-century British astronomers
1564:Discoverers of chemical elements
1530:Sir Richard Gregory, 1st Baronet
1250:Sir Norman Lockyer, ed. (1880).
716:are both named after him, as is
531:The Orientation of Greek Temples
1559:People from Rugby, Warwickshire
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622:Education and National Progress
417:Elementary Lessons in Astronomy
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444:Joseph Norman Lockyer (1873).
435:Contributions to Solar Physics
290:American Philosophical Society
1:
1022:10.1007/978-1-4419-9917-7_859
936:Meadows, Arthur Jack (1972).
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637:. Macmillan and Co., Limited.
605:. Macmillan and Co., Limited.
400:1873 illustration of Lockyer.
41:
1569:Fellows of the Royal Society
1177:UK public library membership
634:Surveying for Archaeologists
615:(1906; second edition, 1909)
475:Studies in Spectrum Analysis
450:. Macmillan and Co. p.
269:18 August 1868 solar eclipse
243:electromagnetic spectroscopy
194:
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1108:"Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer"
662:Fellow of the Royal Society
40:Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer,
10:
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1077:The Antiquarian Astronomer
1048:The Antiquarian Astronomer
576:Recent and Coming Eclipses
493:The Movements of the Earth
351:Norman Lockyer Observatory
328:Norman Lockyer Observatory
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1219:The Analysis of Starlight
1217:Hearnshaw, J. B. (1986).
682:Paris Academy of Sciences
566:The Sun's Place in Nature
517:The Meteoritic Hypothesis
166:Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer
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1604:Nature (journal) editors
1426:- A biography of Lockyer
569:. The Macmillan Company.
505:The Chemistry of the Sun
335:Thomazine Mary Brodhurst
1574:English science writers
1410:Science and Controversy
1406:Meadows, A. J. (1972).
1359:Edwards, D. L. (1937).
1318:10.1093/mnras/104.2.91b
1135:10.1093/mnras/81.4.261a
672:Royal Society of London
599:Norman Lockyer (1903).
583:Norman Lockyer (1900).
563:Norman Lockyer (1897).
542:Norman Lockyer (1894).
514:Norman Lockyer (1890).
502:Norman Lockyer (1887).
472:Norman Lockyer (1878).
432:Norman Lockyer (1874).
414:Norman Lockyer (1889).
154:Imperial College London
1500:The 1871 solar eclipse
1388:10.1093/mnras/97.4.291
1169:10.1093/ref:odnb/34581
1016:. pp. 1336–1338.
919:10.1098/rspa.1923.0126
426:Questions on Astronomy
401:
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1483:21 March 2012 at the
749:Astrophysical Journal
718:Norman Lockyer Island
559:. Macmillan & Co.
545:The Dawn of Astronomy
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1272:search.amphilsoc.org
1268:"APS Member History"
1192:J. Br. Astron. Assoc
367:University of Exeter
359:University of Exeter
355:William J.S. Lockyer
210:Lockyer was born in
103:Founder of Journal,
1444:1994QJRAS..35...51W
1379:1937MNRAS..97..309.
1340:on 14 February 2008
1309:1944MNRAS.104R..91.
1227:1986asoh.book.....H
1204:1991JBAA..101...95K
1126:1921MNRAS..81R.261.
1090:2006AntAs...3..101W
1061:2005AntAs...2...21F
1014:Springer Publishing
993:1994QJRAS..35...51W
954:1972scbs.book.....M
910:1923RSPSA.104D...1.
874:1921JRASC..15...45S
835:1920PASP...32..265C
799:1920Obs....43..358R
762:1921ApJ....53..233C
720:in Nunavut, Canada.
697:(1903 – 1904)
695:British Association
625:. Macmillan and co.
508:. Macmillan and co.
496:. Macmillan and co.
466:. Macmillan and co.
438:. Macmillan and co.
420:. Macmillan and co.
212:Rugby, Warwickshire
101:Discovery of helium
66:Rugby, Warwickshire
1332:Jacobson, Walter.
656:Honours and awards
402:
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375:extrasolar planets
331:
228:amateur astronomer
208:
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1536:
1527:Succeeded by
1421:978-0-230-22020-1
1253:Nature, Volume 21
1236:978-0-521-25548-6
1175:(Subscription or
1031:978-0-387-31022-0
963:978-0-230-22020-1
163:
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134:Scientific career
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1543:Categories
1524:1869–1919
1344:30 January
1179:required.)
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548:. Cassell.
463:Stargazing
316:Stonehenge
220:War Office
58:1836-05-17
1438:: 51–57.
1055:: 21–26.
422:(1868–94)
392:, London.
224:Wimbledon
195:Biography
144:Astronomy
91:, England
68:, England
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