Novgorod Land - Knowledge

2282: 1764: 1773: 57: 1644: 2071: 2420:. The rebellious posad people recaptured the fortifications of the Tikhvin Monastery from the Swedes and withstood the siege in them until mid–September, forcing the De la Gardie troops to retreat. With a successful Tikhvin uprising, the struggle for the liberation of Northwest Russia and Novgorod began. The Swedes left Novgorod only in 1617 when only a few hundred inhabitants remained in a ruined city. The borders of Novgorod Land were significantly reduced due to the loss of lands bordering Sweden as agreed in the 2433: 2281: 2384:

gives his brother to the state and christens him in the Orthodox Christian faith, then they are glad to be on the same council with the Novgorodians. Odoevsky and De la Gardie replied that they would soon send their ambassadors to Yaroslavl. Returning to Yaroslavl, Tatishchev announced that there was nothing to be expected from the Swedes. Negotiations with the Swedes about Karl–Philippe's candidate for Moscow's kings became a reason for Pozharsky and Minin to convene the

1945: 1865:. He took from the Chudes not only a tribute, but also a promise to be baptized into Orthodoxy. He first used Christianity as an additional measure to strengthen his power, which previously had been done only by the Catholics. However, the Orthodox priests were not as mobile as the Catholic ones, and the prince's initiative was not continued: instead priests from Riga came to the Estonians and thus the Bear's Head (Odenpe) later became one of the lands of the 2222:. The burden on peasants living on state lands significantly decreased compared to the republican period as the in-kind rents were replaced by money ones. On the other hand the rents paid by peasants living on servicemen's manors changed little and sometimes even increased. Two censuses were carried out in the Novgorod land in the end of 15th century after the incorporation of Novgorod Land into Muscovy which are the earliest surviving records of the 2270:). All cities on the road from Moscow to Novgorod were looted and Malyuta Skuratov personally strangled Metropolitan Philip in the Tver. The number of victims in Novgorod is estimated between 3,000 and 27,000, out of the total population of 35 thousand people. The pogrom lasted for six weeks and thousands of people were tortured and drowned in Volkhov. The city was plundered and the property of churches, monasteries and merchants was confiscated. 2494: 20: 1163: 1306: 1481: 2158: 1688:, became the first prince independently called upon by the Novgorodians. Subsequently the Novgorodians were able to invite in and dismiss a number of princes. Often these invitations or dismissals were based on who was the dominant prince in Rus' at the time, while sometimes the Novgorodians helped their allies to take these positions, as, for example, in 1212. 1982:

disagreements between the Novgorod nobility and the princes of Vladimir. The more dangerous position of Pskov gave rise to disagreements between Pskov and Novgorod. The Pskovites demanded from Novgorodians and Vladimirites either decisive successes in the Baltic campaigns, or peace with the Order. Pskov often received princes expelled by the Novgorodians.

1520:. The Novgorodians supported Yaroslav during the war, and after his victory in the war, Yaroslav rewarded them and granted the "Yaroslav's Law" and the "Charter" to Novgorod. These documents became the prototype of and were referenced in the charters on which the princes invited by Novgorodians took the oath. Also under Yaroslav, 2553:. This volost was called so because it was located behind the portage – the watershed separating the Onega and Northern Dvina basins from the Volga basin and was located behind the Obonezhskaya and Bezhetskaya pyatins, where the portages to the Onega river (Poonezhie) began. Perm – in the basin of the 2090:

the relationship between Novgorod and Hansa, in spite of several conflicts occurring in the 15th century. The trade with Livonian cities was disrupted by the wars between Novgorod and the Livonian Order. The latter forbade selling horses to Novgorod in 1439 and 1440 and between 1443 and 1450 the Hansa

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Gennady, Prince Fyodor Obolensky, and out of all the pyatins, from the noblemen and from the townspeople – by person. On July 26, Novgorodians appeared before Pozharsky and stated that "the prince is now on the road and will soon be in Novgorod". The ambassadors' speech ended with the sentence "to be

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to Novgorod with letters to Metropolitan Isidor of Novgorod, Prince Ivan Odoyevsky, and Jacob De la Gardie, Commander of the Swedish Forces. The government asked Metropolitan Isidor and Boyar Odoevsky how they were doing with the Swedes? The government wrote to De la Gardie that if the king of Sweden

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The Swedes realized that it seemed to them a very convenient opportunity to seize Novgorod, and on July 8 they had an attack that was only repealed because the Novgorodians had time to burn the posads surrounding Novgorod. However, the Novgorodians did not last long in the siege: on the night of July

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in the 12th century but never succeeded to subjugate them. Fort Bear's Head was conquered in 1116 and 1193, Tarbatu in 1134 and 1192. However these temporary captures are not known to have brought any lasting territorial changes. Ugaunians themselves made several raids against Pskov. It is noteworthy

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The population of Novgorod land at the turn of 16th century was estimated to be from 500 to 800 thousand and it was largely stable or slightly increased in the first half of the century. According to Turchin and Nefedov, Novgorod Land experienced overpopulation during this period leading to inferior

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and the city was besieged, the peace treaty of Korostyn was signed according to which Novgorod acknowledged it as a patrimony of Ivan III, subjected its foreign policy to Moscow, accepted the Grand Prince as the ultimate judicial authority and lost some peripheral lands to the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

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in the first half of 13th century. Pskov and Novgorod for a successful fight against them began to need an ally, ready to provide military assistance if necessary. But help did not always come on time, both because of the remoteness of Vladimir from the northwestern borders of Russia, and because of

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sent his eldest son Constantine against him. However, apparently Mstislav had the support within the city as Novgorodians arrested their current prince Svyatoslav (brother of Constantine) and expressed support for the new chosen one, confirming the right to "liberty in the princes." In this way, the

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After the death of Mstislav the Great in 1132 and the deepening tendencies of political fragmentation, the prince of Novgorod lost the support of the central government. In 1134, Vsevolod was expelled from the city. Returning to Novgorod, he was forced to conclude an agreement with the Novgorodians,

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Novgorod recovered from the destruction during the Time of Troubles and remained an important city in the rest of 17th century. The trade with Sweden continued to be carried out by Novgorod merchants and a Swedish trading post was opened in the city in 1627. Novgorod was one of the major centres of

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Then from Yaroslavl to Novgorod a new embassy of Perfiliy Sekerin was sent. He was instructed, with the assistance of Novgorod Metropolitan Isidor, to conclude an agreement with the Swedes "so that the peasantry would be quiet and at peace." It is possible that in connection with this, the question

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When he came to Novgorod Mstislav did not have influential patrons or great wealth but he had proved himself as a capable military commander. The Novgorod Chronicle speaks of him in an extremely positive way: fair in court and punishment, a successful commander, attentive to the concerns of people,

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from the city to collect and administer the territories it held in the north-east ("beyond the portage"). A charter from the 1130s mentioned 30 administrative posts in Novgorod territory where revenues were collected regularly and sent as a tithe to the Novgorod bishop. Throughout the 12th century,

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a conflict between Novgorod and Hansa ensued. Novgorodians complained about the terms of the fur and salt trade and both sides arrested merchants and confiscated the goods belonging to the other side. The treaty of 1392, known as Niebur's Peace, resolved most of the issues and became the basis for

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the southern parts of Novgorod land were devastated; Volok Lamsky, Vologda, Bezhetsk, Torzhok were all captured by the invaders. Several versions have been proposed by historians to explain the Mongols' refusal to march on Novgorod after the capture of Torzhok on March 5: the upcoming spring thaw,

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Thus, the administrative–political, defensive, and commercial significance of Pskov began to grow in the process of transforming the Baltic states from a backward pagan province into an important region for the Western European trade, church, and military expansion. This led to the nomination of a

2266:, which was perpetrated in the winter of 1569/1570 by an army personally led by Ivan the Terrible. The reason for the pogrom was the denunciation and suspicions of treason (as modern historians suggest, the Novgorod conspiracy was invented by the favorites of Ivan the Terrible, Vasily Gryazny and 2233:

was declared Grand Prince of Novgorod and Pskov. In April 1502 he was proclaimed the Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir and the autocrat of All Russia and thus became the co–ruler of Ivan III. After the death of Ivan III on October 27, 1505 he became the sole monarch of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

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by force, launching an invasion in 1134 under the leadership of Vsevolod Mstislavich which was defeated at Zhdanaya Mountain. In 1149, together with Svyatopolk Mstislavich, the Novgorodians ravaged the surroundings of Yaroslavl and left because of the spring flood leading seven thousand men into

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with his army approached Novgorod. He entered into negotiations with the Novgorod authorities. He asked the governor whether they are enemies to the Swedes or friends and whether they want to comply with the Vyborg treaty concluded with Sweden under Tsar Vasily Shuisky. The governors could only

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and Pskov - and by extension Novgorod - were strengthened by the marriage of the daughter of Pskov Prince Vladimir Mstislavich (Mstislav's brother) and Theodoricus, the younger brother of Bishop Albert. According to some historians the collaboration between Albert and Vladimir was tantamount to

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Dissatisfied with the passivity of the church Mstislav achieved the removal from service of Archbishop Mitrofan in January 1211 and proposed to nominate Dobrynya Yadreikovich, a monk of the Khutynsky monastery and a member of an influential boyar clan. He became an archbishop under the name of

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After the entry of Novgorod Land into the Russian state, the territorial division was preserved, and the territories from the end of the 15th century were called pyatins, before the Novgorod Land was divided into lands, and in the 12th century into ryads – bearing the same name with pyatins –

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with Novgorod are more limited. The claim of them being under Novgorod were not verified as they fought against Novgorod, such as Novgorod raid of 1209 to Vironia, Teutonic crusaders and made diplomatic agreements independently. Their leader Thabelin (Tabellinus) was baptized by Germans in

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lack of fodder and high losses in the struggle against the Ryazan and Vladimir principalities. The destruction of the powerful principality of Vladimir by the Mongols removed the danger to Novgorod and its colonies and left it as an undisputed leader of Russian eastward expansion.

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16, the Swedes managed to break into Novgorod. The resistance was weak, since all the military men were under the command of Buturlin, who retired from the city after a short battle and having robbing Novgorod merchants. Odoevsky and Metropolitan Isidore locked themselves in the

1858:, who reigned in Novgorod for less than a year and was buried in Saint Sophia Cathedral (1180), was remembered for his victorious campaign against the Chud at the head of 20,000 troops in 1179. Therefore, Mstislav Udatny began his military campaigns with a similar operation. 2206:

In territorial terms, Novgorod Land in the era of the Tsardom of Russia (16th–17th centuries) was divided into 5 fifths (pyatinas): Vodskaya, Shelonskaya, Obonezhskaya, Derevskaya and Bezhetskaya. The smallest units of the administrative division at that time were

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supported Moscow in this struggle trying to prevent a noticeable advantage of one Russian prince over another and the Novgorod nobility sympathized with the Moscow princes as Moscow was farther than Tver and was thought to pose less danger. Thus the attempt of

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strengthened the central authority in Novgorod Land. Chronicles report that the Novgorodians paid tribute to him in 1113. In 1117, without taking into account the opinion of the Novgorod community, Mstislav was recalled to the south by his father, and Prince

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started to dominate the Russian lands and subsequently Novgorodians invited princes from both grand duchies. In 1449 Moscow concluded an Eternal Peace agreement with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania delimiting zones of influence in Russia. In the next few years

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In October 1612, Moscow was liberated and it became necessary to choose a new sovereign. From Moscow to many cities of Russia, including Novgorod, letters were sent on behalf of the liberators of Moscow – Pozharsky and Trubetskoy. In the beginning of 1613

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but with no military supplies or men at their disposal they had to enter into negotiations with De la Gardie. An agreement was concluded under which Novgorodians recognized the Swedish king as their patron, and De la Gardie was admitted to the Kremlin.

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who had defeated the old Rostov–Suzdal boyars in 1174–1175 and consolidated the power in their hands. They could and did block grain traffic causing a shortage or even famine in Novgorod. After taking control of the valley of Sheksna and the town of

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located close to the road from Novgorod to the Northern Dvina, Vladimir could also threaten the possessions of Novgorod in the east and often intercepted the tribute delivered from there. Sometimes Novgorod resisted the expansionist policy of

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Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles. Onomastics on Novgorod in Signs / Vladimir Burov. The Ancient Settlement of Varvarina Gora. Settlement of 1st–5th and 11th–14th Centuries in the South of Novgorod Land. Publisher: Nauka, 2003 – 488

2327:. In Moscow, a new government was formed, which began to swear in royal and other cities of the Russian state. Ivan Saltykov was sent to administer the oath to the Novgorodians and to guard against the Swedes and from gangs of brigands. 1834:

however that 1224 Tarbatu had garrison of local troops and about 200 mercenaries from Novgorod against Teutonic knights. City was captured by the crusaders in August 1224 and all its defenders were killed. The information about links of

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Having conquered Novgorod in 1478, Moscow inherited its former political relations with its neighbors. The legacy of the independence period was the preservation of diplomatic practice, in which the northwestern neighbors of Novgorod –

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and others. Lyapunov sent Vasily Buturlin as a governor to Novgorod. Buturlin, arriving in Novgorod, began to behave differently: immediately began negotiations with De la Gardie, offering the Russian crown to one of the sons of King

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crafts of the Russia, with more than 200 distinct professions and a wide range of goods produced in the city. The walls and ramparts were restored and many new buildings were constructed in Novgorod, including the Cathedral of

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Vladimir Petrukhin, Dmitry Raevsky. Essays on the History of the Peoples of Russia in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Tutorial. Series: Studia Historica. 2nd Edition, Revised and Supplemented. Moscow: Znak, 2004 – 416

2347:. Negotiations began that dragged on, but meanwhile, Buturlin and Odoevsky got into a feud: Buturlin did not allow cautious Odoevsky to take measures to protect the city. Buturlin allowed De la Gardie to cross the 2150:. Dmitry Shemyaka died (possibly by poisoning) in Novgorod in 1453. Vasily the Blind attacked Novgorod in 1456 and after the Novgorodians' defeat in the battle of Staraya Russa they were forced to conclude the 2113:

and numerous new churches were constructed in 14th century which is considered the golden age of Novgorod architecture. While chronicle-writing existed in Novgorod from the times of Kievan Rus, new genres of

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Some territories of relatively late Novgorod colonization were not included in the five–fold division and formed a number of volosts that were in a special position: Zavolochye or Dvinskaya land – along the

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did not have enough troops to fight simultaneously with the Poles and Swedes, so he began negotiations with the latter. In May 1612 Stepan Tatishchev, the ambassador of the Zemstvo government, was sent from

1363:, who have long been closely associated with Novgorod. The Yem', who lived in southern Finland, was usually at enmity with the Novgorodians and more inclined to the side of the Swedes, while the neighboring 1792:

safety of Mstislav was guaranteed, after which Constantine was forced to stop in Tver and his father who avoided military conflicts in his old age recognized Mstislav as the legitimate ruler of Novgorod.

276: 215: 2278:. Due to a severe epidemic hitting Novgorod in 1552, massacres by Ivan the Terrible, repeated crop failures and the increasing tax burden, the population decreased five times by the end of the century. 1964:

princes, intervened in the power struggle between the Suzdal princes, as a result of which the Vladimir prince was overthrown. However, at the beginning of the 13th century, German Catholic orders (the

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of the lake Peipus against the Livonian Order. In 1257–1259 he established his influence in Novgorod threatening it with a Mongol pogrom. In 1268, the Livonian order was again defeated in the fierce

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originally belonged to the Novgorod land, however its importance and autonomy grew in the late 13th and 14th centuries culminating in the recognition of the political independence of Pskov by the

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From the late 11th century the Novgorodians asserted greater control over the determination of their rules and rejected a politically dependent relationship to Kiev. In 1136 they expelled prince

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The importance of Novgorod decreased after the coast of Baltic Sea was reconquered by Peter I from Sweden and the new capital was founded there. In 1708, the Novgorod land became part of the

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After that, Pskov became responsible for the southern (Polotsk, Lithuania) and western (Estonia, Latgale) borders of Novgorod Land and also controlled the border regions of Southern Estonia (

887: 505: 1717:, the son of the prince expelled from Kiev, was located. The Novgorodians managed to win the defensive battle and defend their independence with the enemy suffering heavy losses. 1333:

is questioned by some researchers. The dates of the Slavic settlement rely on the burial mounds, with long mounds associated with Krivichi, and hill-shaped mounds with Slovenes.

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In Novgorod, Mstislav showed decisiveness and initiative in internal affairs: he replaced the posadniks and the archbishop, launched active construction in the city and the

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is supposed here, replaced by Indo–European groups (future Balts and Slavs) who came from the south–west and ancestors of the Baltic–Finnish peoples who came from the east.

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At the end of the 9th – beginning of the 10th centuries (in chronicles dating to 882), the center of the Rurikovich state moved from Novgorod to Kiev. In the 10th century,

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tribes lived in the same territory, having left a memory of themselves in the names of numerous rivers and lakes. The interpretation of pre–Slavic toponymy as exclusively

1379:. Zavolochye was inhabited by Finnic tribes, which was often called Zavolotskaya Chud; later Novgorod colonists settled in this region. Tersky coast was inhabited by the 3661:

About Pyatinas and Pogosts of Novgorod in the 16th Century, with the Application of the Map. Saint Petersburg: Printing House of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1853

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soils brought into cultivation, increasing use of fertilisers, epidemics and declining per capita consumption. Novgorod Land was especially seriously affected by the

1754:"I bow to Saint Sophia, and the tomb of my father, and all Novgorodians; I have come to you having heard about the violence from the prince, and I pity my patrimony." 1629:. On May 28, 1136, in connection with the dissatisfaction of Novgorod with the actions of Prince Vsevolod, he was taken into custody and then expelled from Novgorod. 2436:

The trade rows (of which only the arcade survived) and the Cathedral of the Sign (far in the background) on the Trade Side of Novgorod were built in the 17th century

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dynasty and one of the most important princely thrones of the era. During the collapse of Kievan Rus' and in subsequent centuries, Novgorod Land developed as the

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of the election of the king of the Swedish royal, recognized by Novgorod, was raised in Yaroslavl. However, the royal election in Yaroslavl did not take place.

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Ugonyay. Novgorod was baptized by force with "fire and sword": many Novgorodians were killed, and the whole city burned down. In 1015–1019, Prince of Novgorod

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At the end of 1209, he made a brief raid into Estonian Vironia, returning with rich booty, and in 1210 made a large campaign against the Chud, capturing the

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By 1210 the Germans started the conquest of Estonians and signed a peace treaty with Polotsk promising to pay the "Livonian" tribute. The relations between

1439:. Slavic and Finnic tribes inhabited the territory and by the 9th century Scandinavians were also present. The Scandinavians probably called this territory 3650:

Alice Gordienko. The Cult of Holy Healers in Novgorod in the 11–12th Centuries // Ancient Russia. Questions of Medieval Studies. 2010. N1 (39). Pages 16–25

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and approach the suburban Kolmovsky monastery under the pretext of negotiations, and even allowed Novgorod merchants to supply the Swedes with supplies.

1593:, returned Mstislav, and seven years later they opposed the attempt of the Kiev prince to replace Mstislav with his son. The key republican authorities ( 1291:, along the border of the Valdai (Ostashkovsky) glaciation, and in the north–west of Priilmenye, in the area of the future territorial center, since the 1720:

From 1181 to 1209, with intervals of 1184–1187 and 1196–1197, the Vladimir–Suzdal dynasty was in power in Novgorod, from 1197 its rule was continuous.

2509:, which, in turn, from the second half of the 16th century were divided into halves. The five–fold division was superimposed on the earlier one – on 1818:) and Northern Latgale (Talava, Ochela). The lands of Northern Estonia (Vironia), Vody, Izhora and Karelia remained under the influence of Novgorod. 1268: 1730:

Novgorod utilized the Baltic-Volga-Caspian trade route, not only for trading but also for bringing food from the fertile Oka region to their city.

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launched his first campaign against Novgorod in 1471 alleging that they converted to Catholicism. After the Novgorodian army was defeated in the

1460:(traditionally dated to 862): its inhabitants wanted to "seek a prince who may rule over us and judge us according to law" and therefore invited 875: 2810:

Evgeny Nosov. Typology of the Volga Region Cities. "Novgorod and Novgorod Land. History and Archeology". Materials of the Scientific Conference

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captivity. More often Novgorod had to appease the powerful prince of Vladimir, including by accepted two sons of Yuri as princes of Novgorod.

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Igor Froyanov. Ancient Russia of the 9th–13th Centuries. Popular Movements. Princely and Veche Power. Moscow: Russian Publishing Center, 2012

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After Mstislav offered the Novgorodians help (left) they invited him, convened a veche and detained the ruling prince Svyatoslav (right)

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Anton Gorsky. Russian Lands in the 13th–14th Centuries: the Path of Political Development – Saint Petersburg: Nauka, 2016 – Pages 63–67

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Khrustalyov Denis Grigorievich (2018). "Novgorod and its Power in the Baltic States in the 12th – First Quarter of the 13th Century".

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Alexander Saks. Novgorod, Karelia and Izhora Land in the Middle Ages // The Past of Novgorod and Novgorod Land. Velikiy Novgorod. 2005

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was seated on the throne of Novgorod. Some boyars opposed this decision of the prince, in connection with which they were called to

3585:((Series "Monographs"; Issue 4) ed.). Velikiy Novgorod: Novgorod State University Named after Yaroslav the Wise. p. 468. 2488: 1508:. In the 990s, Novgorod refused to convert to Christianity, and stood up for its faith with the supreme priest Bogumil Solovey and 3574:

Novgorod and Novgorod Land in the 15th Century. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, 1961 – 399 Pages

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took Torzhok, capturing not only the local posadnik and several merchants, but also a group of noblemen of the Novgorod prince

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In the 11th century, the governor – the son of the Kiev prince – still had great powers. In the same period, the institute of

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Rebellious Novgorod. Essays on the History of Statehood, Social and Political Struggle of the Late 9th – Early 13th Centuries

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dominion on the western side. The divide has significant influence also on modern times as Piusa river is the border between

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and stans, and, according to the annals, the foundations of this administrative division were laid in the 10th century by

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Ruth Ageeva. Hydronymy of the Russian North–West as a Source of Cultural and Historical Information. URSS Editorial, 2004

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of Poland-Lithuania and invited him to rule as a prince. The treaty safeguarded the Orthodox church in Novgorod: the

1986: 1978: 1949: 1803:, undertook the reconstruction of defensive structures on the southern approaches to his land: the fortress walls of 1525: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 230: 3073:

Northern Crusaders. Russia in the Struggle for Spheres of Influence in the Eastern Baltic of the 12th–13th Centuries

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was to be Orthodox and the king was not allowed to build Catholic churches in the Novgorod Land. In spite of this,

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Alexander Filyushkin. Titles of Russian Sovereigns – Moscow; Saint Petersburg: Alliance Archeo, 2006 – Pages 39–40

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with Moscow, according to which the powers of the Moscow prince in Novgorod affairs were significantly expanded.

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to subjugate Novgorod by force was thwarted. The independence of Pskov was recognised by Novgorod in 1348 by the

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shows the presence of Scandinavians, traditionally referred to in the Old Russian (medieval) literary sources as

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conquered the Novgorod Republic in 1478, and annexed it in 1578, although Novgorod Land continued to exist as an

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were reconstructed and the town was placed under control of Mstislav's brother Vladimir who resided in Pskov.

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was closed. The importance of trade with the Hansa diminished during the 15th century while the trade with

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The siege of Novgorod by the forces of Vladimir-Suzdal in 1170 and the victory ascribed to the miraculous

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Livonia after the Baltic Crusades (1260). The border with Novgorod stabilised following an unsuccessful

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In addition to the Slavic population, a significant part of the Novgorod Land was inhabited by various

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was created, in which there were 5 provinces: Novgorod, Pskov, Tver, Belozerskaya and Velikolutskaya.

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The lands confiscated from the previous owners were either declared state lands or given to Muscovite

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Novgorod brought much of its food supplies from the Oka region which was controlled by the princes of

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Novgorod traded with Baltic cities for the most part of its history with the first known treaty with

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Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Rurikovo Settlement

1973:) completed the subordination of the Baltic tribes, who had previously paid tribute to Novgorod and 3103: 2323:

in 1610. In the same year Tsar Vasily Shuisky was overthrown and Moscow swore allegiance to Prince

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island before crusaders reached present day Estonia and lands were claimed by Danish crown during

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Votskaya land, Obonezhsky and Bezhetsky ryad, Shelon, Dereva. In each pyatina there were several

1974: 1957: 1933: 1929: 1559: 855: 837: 817: 704: 676: 168: 2652:

Maya Zimina. Neolithic Basin of the Msta River. Moscow: Nauka, 1981. 205 Pages, 22 Illustrations

2203:– maintained diplomatic relations with Moscow through the Novgorod governors of the Grand Duke. 70: 3683:

Russian Principalities in the 1st Half of the 14th Century. Map from the Portal "New Herodotus"

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Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Staraya Ladoga

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Ancient European Hydronymy in Priilmenye // Bulletin of Novgorod State University. 2002. No. 21

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answer that it depends on the future king and that they have no right to answer this question.

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The veche bell was removed from Novgorod after it was annexed by Muscovy (a miniature from the

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At the same time, recognizing the rights of Riga to the lands along the Daugava (possibly also

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Vasily Klyuchevsky. "The Course of Russian History": Essays in 9 Volumes. Volume 1. Lecture 23

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Evgeny Nosov, Alexey Plohov. Kholopiy Gorodok. Antiquities of the Volga Region – Pages 129–152

2393: 2151: 2016: 1866: 1855: 1788: 1747: 1668:, of trying to move to Pereslavl and of cowardliness and indecisiveness in military matters. 1330: 1244: 686: 3491:В составе Московского государства: очерки истории Великого Новгорода конца XV-начала XVIII в 1829:. Overall rulers of Novgorod Republic and Principality of Pskov made frequent raids against 2728: 2583: 2582:

The concept of "Novgorod Land" sometimes includes the area of Novgorod colonization in the

2542: 2476: 2461: 2442: 2406: 2344: 2263: 2230: 2215: 2186:

The Novgorod Land was annexed completely in 1478 and the veche bell was removed to Moscow.

2170: 2012: 1870: 1739: 1605: 1582: 1558:

tribe was already established in 1096. In 1020 and 1067, Novgorod Land was attacked by the

1517: 660: 463: 8: 2587: 2305: 2147: 2139: 2056: 1914: 1681: 1673: 1669: 1622: 1590: 1420: 1341: 1318: 1299: 1215:) was one of the largest historical territorial–state formations in Russia, covering its 628: 573: 441: 226: 56: 2063:. Rather than setting a fixed border the treaty stipulated which part of the aboriginal 1298:

Archaeologically and through the study of toponymy, the presence of migratory so–called

3656: 3542: 3313: 3090: 2977: 2576: 2421: 2331: 2178: 2033: 2029: 1997: 1917:

and was an ardent supporter of preaching and missionary work on the Russian frontiers.

1848: 1710: 1621:

limiting his authority. On January 26, 1135, the army of Novgorod, led by Vsevolod and

1578: 1574: 1505: 1497: 942: 906: 845: 833: 741: 694: 434: 332: 320: 234: 222: 142: 2675:

George Vernadsky. Ancient Russia. Tver – Moscow: Lean; Agraf, 1996. (2000) – 447 Pages

2085:

and German cities dating to the late 12th century. After the Baltic cities formed the

1977:, and reached the borders of the Russian lands themselves which set the stage for the 1239:: an autonomous state with republican forms of government under the suzerainty of the 3630: 3586: 3519: 3494: 3451: 3425: 3397: 3334: 3284: 3212: 3172: 3147: 3122: 3076: 3016: 2969: 2906: 2848: 2410: 2356: 2247: 2243: 2110: 2001: 1906: 1886: 1661: 1643: 1638: 1610: 1543: 1521: 1513: 1469: 1452: 1415:

was already a large settlement (or rather a chain of settlements from the sources of

1317:

tribes came here, and in the 8th century, in the process of Slavic settlement of the

1236: 829: 793: 789: 682: 509: 491: 479: 354: 340: 324: 291: 244: 97: 45: 3050:

Michael C. Paul, "Was the Prince of Novgorod a 'Third-rate bureaucrat' after 1136?"

3618: 2961: 2375: 2339: 2295: 2267: 2182: 2086: 2060: 1994: 1844: 1260: 1216: 1208: 785: 644: 562: 519: 312: 302: 24: 3283:(in Russian). Изд-во «Русскій Міръ»; ИПЦ «Жизнь и мысль». pp. 322, 323, 327. 2702: 2561:. Pechora – beyond the Dvina land and Perm to the north–east on both banks of the 2525:, who established places of pogosts and the size of the tribute in Novgorod Land. 3612: 3371: 2861: 2739: 2320: 2313: 2259: 2143: 2070: 2025: 1890: 1714: 1692: 1626: 1586: 1551: 1412: 1240: 1224: 925: 459: 397: 375: 254: 147: 3207:

Christiansen, Eric (1997). "The making of a Russo-Swedish frontier, 1295-1326".

2674: 1825:

The information of control and influence in the land of Chudes is challenged by

1531:

Among the Rus, the Novgorodians were the first to reach the regions between the

1309:

Map of the settlement of Slavs and their neighbors at the end of the 8th century

3666:

Professor Vasily Klyuchevsky. "A Brief Guide on Russian History. Novgorod Land"

2799:

Alexander Saks. The Medieval Korela. Formation of Ethnic and Cultural Community

2554: 1970: 1921: 1702: 1685: 1489: 1447: 1440: 1428: 1395: 1352: 1337: 1326: 1322: 1252: 1228: 483: 475: 419: 364: 131: 117: 86: 3573: 2338:

By that time an anti-Polish militia and provisional government were formed by

1569:

appeared, who ruled in Novgorod at a time when its prince was not there (like

1380: 3693: 3417: 3326: 2973: 2845:Великий Новгород. История и культура IX-XVII веков. Энциклопедический словарь 2638: 2562: 2454: 2371:. After an unsuccessful attempt to take Pskov the Swedes ceased hostilities. 2348: 2119: 1898: 1882: 1874: 1815: 1811: 1804: 1465: 1446:

According to tradition, Novgorod Land was one of the centers of formation of

1416: 1391: 1220: 1167: 863: 551: 501: 188: 3171:(in Russian). Изд-во «Русскій Міръ»; ИПЦ «Жизнь и мысль». pp. 117–130. 2798: 1390:

The center of the Slavic settlements was the vicinity of Lake Ilmen and the

3678:

Novgorod Land in the 12th–Early 13th Centuries // Site of Natalia Gavrilova

3493:(in Russian). Русско-Балтийский информационный центр БЛИЦ. pp. 46–51. 3362:: in 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional) – Saint Petersburg, 1890–1907 2809: 2780:: in 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional) – Saint Petersburg, 1890–1907 2566: 2522: 2432: 2385: 2363:

By the middle of 1612 the Swedes occupied all of Novgorod Land, except for

2020: 1960:

organized an economic blockade of Novgorod, Novgorodians, with the help of

1589:. In 1095, the Novgorodians, dissatisfied with the absence of their prince 1550:

people near the Iron Gates (which have been identified with the valley of

1532: 1384: 1280: 730: 719: 636: 308: 3450:(in Russian). Русско-Балтийский информационный центр «БЛИЦ». p. 339. 3394:Историческая демография России эпохи феодализма: итоги и проблемы изучения 2316:

was transferred to the Swedish crown in exchange for military assistance.

2032:. According to some primary sources, the Novgorodians participated in the 3608: 3379: 2997:Хронологический перечень важнейших данных из истории Сибири. 1032-1882 гг 2550: 2546: 2502: 2460:

The Novgorod Land became one of the Old Believers' strongholds after the

2219: 2064: 1878: 1862: 1424: 1284: 807: 708: 690: 668: 656: 78: 2565:

to the Ural Range. Ugra – on the eastern side of the Ural Range. Tre or

1944: 3036:Тихомиров, М. Н. (1955). "Глава XIII. Новгородское восстание 1136 г.". 2981: 2949: 2558: 2255: 2251: 1830: 1680:, the main ally of the Mstislavichs and rival of the then Kiev prince, 1536: 1501: 1345: 1288: 449: 3306:Аграрная история Северо-Запада России: Вторая половина XV-начало XVI в 1247:). During the period of greatest development, it reached north to the 2380: 2099: 2048: 1713:

and his allies, they undertook a campaign against Novgorod, in which

1697: 1509: 1436: 1364: 1360: 1292: 1248: 920: 640: 455: 2965: 1822:

separate prince for Pskov during the reign of Mstislav in Novgorod.

1625:, lost the Battle of Zhdanaya Mountain to the army of Suzdal Prince 1251:, and in the east it has been claimed that it did spread beyond the 3626: 3040:(in Russian). Государственное издательство политической литературы. 2995: 2773: 2493: 2416:

On May 25, 1613, an uprising began against the Swedish garrison in

2174: 2044: 1750:. After that, he sent a letter to Novgorod with the offer of help: 1598: 1570: 1566: 1456:

calls it "a great and abundant land" and records the legend of the

1314: 1232: 937: 841: 664: 487: 107: 1894: 19: 3622: 3603: 2867: 2634: 2506: 2450: 2446: 2417: 2389: 2200: 2082: 1840: 1835: 1651:

icon were later seen as pivotal events in the history of Novgorod

1554:

or possibly regions further to the east) in 1036. Trade with the

1432: 1376: 1372: 1356: 1305: 672: 2122:

appeared in 14-15th centuries. Novgorod started minting its own

1709:

In 1170, immediately after the capture of Kiev by the troops of

1480: 3119:

Livonia, Rus' and the Baltic Crusades in the Thirteenth Century

2591: 2534: 2518: 2510: 2309: 2208: 2196: 2157: 2103: 2091: 1939: 1723:

By the middle of 12th century the Novgorod officials appointed

3070: 3015:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 112–115. 2927:

Scandinavian Footprint in the History of the Novgorod Nobility

2388:. In July, the promised ambassadors arrived in Yaroslavl: the 1279:

The settlement of the territory of Novgorod Land began in the

3582:

Archaic Toponymy of Novgorod Land (Old Slavic Deanthroponyms)

2572: 2530: 2514: 2453:'s court. Elsewhere, the Resurrection Cathedral was built in 2364: 2095: 1902: 1800: 1725: 1665: 1594: 1555: 1547: 1461: 652: 138: 3075:(3rd ed.). Saint Petersburg: Eurasia. pp. 68–138. 2900: 2397:

with us in love and unity under the hand of one sovereign."

2226:. The population increased by 14% between the two censuses. 3262:Зварич В.В., ed. (1980). "Новгородская денга, новгородка". 2368: 2037: 1614: 1368: 3355: 1348:, among the inhabitants of these first large settlements. 3424:. Princeton University Press. pp. 244–245, 251–252. 2882: 1355:. Vodskaya pyatina along with the Slavs was inhabited by 3038:Крестьянские и городские восстания на Руси (XI-XIII вв.) 2950:"Russian Eastward Expansion before the Mongol Invasion" 2533:(uyezds), in each prisud (uyezd) – several pogosts and 2289: 2000:

the Swedes on the Neva and on April 5, 1242 he won the

1367:

usually kept to Novgorod. Novgorod were often fighting

3472:"Hidden Facts from the History of the Romanov Dynasty" 3247:Рыбина Е. А. (2009). "Новгород и Ганза в XIV—XV вв.". 2740:

Tatyana Jackson. Aldeiguborg: Archeology and Toponymy

2642:(in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002. 2258:, the city became part of the latter. Huge damage to 2055:

with the ambassador of the King of Sweden and Norway

1313:

It is traditionally believed that in the 6th century

3518:(in Russian). Европейский Дом. pp. 48, 72, 73. 3308:(in Russian). 1971: Наука. pp. 48–50, 173, 373. 3516:Великий Новгород. Взгляд из Европы XV-XIX centuries 2067:would pay tribute to Norway and which to Novgorod. 2040:, however some historians question these accounts. 1475: 3611:; Nesebio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2013). 2887:. Publishing House of Saint Petersburg University. 2019:princes vied for the influence over Novgorod. The 3488: 2189: 2011:In the beginning of the 14th century, princes of 1979:conflict between Novgorod and the crusader orders 1738:In the early spring of 1209, the Toropets prince 1411:Archeological data shows that in the 9th century 3691: 3333:. Princeton University Press. pp. 243–244. 2929:// Slavica Helsingiensia 27, 2006 – Pages 93–108 2285:Novgorod Land on the Dutch map of Muscovy (1593) 1632: 1058: 751: 3578: 3382:– Moscow: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004–2017 2831:Russia: A 1,000 Year Chronicle of the Wild East 1733: 3416: 3325: 3191: 3166: 3141: 1573:) or the prince was a minor, as in 1088, when 3396:(in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 94–97. 2896: 2894: 2237: 1956:In 1216, when the brother of Vladimir Prince 1787:Having learned about the capture of Torzhok, 1406: 1185: 3246: 3206: 2691: 2229:On March 21, 1499, the son of Tsar Ivan III 1940:Between Moscow, Lithuania and Livonian Order 1655: 3554:Saksa Alexander Ivanovich, the Dissertation 3360:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 3261: 3233:Izborsk and the Hansa. Niebur's Peace. 1391 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2878: 2876: 2847:(in Russian). Нестор-История. p. 133. 2778:Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary 2130:was issued which codified legal practices. 1601:) emerged in Novgorod in the 11th century. 3489:Варенцов, В. А.; Коваленко, Г. М. (1999). 3278: 2891: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2482: 2059:which defined the spheres of influence in 1604:In the second decade of the 12th century, 1192: 1178: 3513: 3035: 2664: 2616: 2409:was held in Moscow, at which a new Tsar, 3279:В. Л. Янин (2013). "Падение Новгорода". 3242: 3240: 2954:American Slavic and East European Review 2947: 2932: 2873: 2749: 2747: 2492: 2489:Administrative division of Novgorod Land 2431: 2319:Ivan Odoevsky was appointed governor of 2280: 2156: 2133:After 1330s Grand Duchies of Moscow and 2069: 1943: 1642: 1479: 1304: 18: 3392:Горская, Наталья Александровна (1994). 3391: 3281:Очерки истории средневекового Новгорода 3169:Очерки истории средневекового Новгорода 2758: 2721: 2719: 2330:In the summer of 1611, Swedish general 3692: 3272: 3116: 3010: 2427: 1746:, the youngest son of Vladimir prince 3445: 3237: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 2901:Nikolai Ivanovich Kostomarov (1994). 2744: 2607: 3507: 3446:Селин, Адриан Александрович (2009). 3365: 3251:. Рукописные памятники Древней Руси. 3052:Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 2842: 2716: 2501:Administratively, by the end of the 2290:Time of Troubles. Swedish occupation 2043:In 1326, in Novgorod, Bishop Moses, 1498:Vladimir Svyatoslavich (the Baptist) 3448:Новгородское общество в эпоху Смуты 3348: 2471:(from 1710 – Saint Petersburg) and 1492:was attacked by the Norwegian jarl 13: 3378:: in 35 Volumes / Editor–in–Chief 3303: 3057: 2883:Igor Yakovlevich Froyanov (1992). 2833:. New York, NY: Overlook Pr., 2012 2655: 2646: 1873:was established, line running via 1065: 14: 3716: 3671: 2497:Novgorod Land of the 16th century 2308:concluded the Vyborg Treaty with 1504:squad, overthrew the Kiev Prince 1423:up to Kholopiy Town, opposite of 1079: 3629:: Scarecrow Press. p. 992. 3614:Historical Dictionary of Ukraine 3196:(in Russian). Наука. p. 45. 3054:56, No. 1 (Spring 2008): 72–113. 2118:such as travelogues, novels and 1771: 1762: 1476:As part of Kievan Rus (882–1136) 1241:great princes of Vladimir-Suzdal 1161: 55: 3547: 3532: 3482: 3464: 3439: 3410: 3385: 3297: 3255: 3225: 3200: 3185: 3160: 3135: 3110: 3044: 3029: 3004: 2988: 2919: 2836: 2829:Sixsmith, Martin. "Chapter 1." 2823: 2814: 2803: 2792: 2783: 2733: 2276:crisis of the late 16th century 1925:dividing Estonia between them. 1664:accusing him of not caring for 1514:Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise 1263:and with the rest of Rus'. The 1073:Not internationally recognized. 2679: 2625: 2475:Governorates, and in 1726 the 2190:As part of Muscovy (from 1478) 2169:Novgorod signed a treaty with 1987:Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' 1427:). Other settlements included 1067: 531:General Secretariat of Ukraine 1: 2699:"Псковская губерния № 29(49)" 2600: 1633:Republican period (1136–1478) 1274: 1223:. Novgorod Land, centered in 1081: 299:Great Stand on the Ugra River 3700:Historical regions in Russia 3514:Kovalenko, Guennadi (2010). 2948:Lantzeff, George V. (1947). 2701:(in Russian). Archived from 2126:coins in 1420 and in 1440 a 1950:Livonian campaign against it 1734:Victories of Mstislav Udatny 1458:Invitation of the Varangians 1259:within the framework of the 7: 3304:Шапиро, Александр Львович. 3121:. Brill. pp. 116–117. 1827:Livonian Chronicle of Henry 1740:Mstislav Mstislavich Udatny 1539:. An expedition led by the 1336:Archaeological research in 595:Provisional Priamurye Govt. 10: 3721: 3562: 3420:; Nefedov, Sergey (2009). 3376:Great Russian Encyclopedia 3329:; Nefedov, Sergey (2009). 2569:– on the White Sea coast. 2486: 2304:In 1609 the government of 2300:Capture of Novgorod (1611) 2293: 2238:Reign of Ivan the Terrible 1636: 1516:overthrew the Kiev Prince 1496:. In 980, Novgorod Prince 1407:Oldest period (before 882) 1401: 3013:Medieval Russia, 980-1584 1885:being the border between 1672:, the younger brother of 1656:Vladimir–Suzdal influence 1257:extensive trade relations 1212: 1037: 1016: 998:Luhansk People's Republic 995: 977:Donetsk People's Republic 974: 953: 936: 919: 740: 729: 593: 572: 561: 550: 529: 418: 407: 396: 385: 374: 179:Principality of Chernigov 16:Historic region of Russia 3579:Valery Vasiliev (2005). 3318:: CS1 maint: location ( 2868:Katchanovski et al. 2013 2843:Янин, В.Л., ed. (2007). 2445:, the stone bridge over 1796:and noble and selfless. 1744:Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich 1617:and thrown into prison. 1387:lived in the northeast. 1383:. Further, Permians and 604: 274: 198: 116: 106: 96: 3265:Нумизматический словарь 3192:Каргалов В. В. (1984). 3167:Vladimir Yanin (2013). 3142:Каргалов В. В. (2008). 2729:Articles about Novgorod 2483:Administrative division 2109:The stone walls of the 1518:Svyatopolk the Accursed 1227:, was in the cradle of 856:Eurasian Economic Union 705:Parade of sovereignties 169:Principality of Polotsk 3268:. Львов: Высшая школа. 3011:Martin, Janet (2007). 2498: 2437: 2286: 2166: 2078: 1967:Order of the Swordsmen 1953: 1756: 1652: 1526:Saint Sophia Cathedral 1485: 1310: 1265:Principality of Moscow 1231:under the rule of the 446:Provisional Government 387:Grand Duchy of Finland 265:Principality of Moscow 28: 3209:The Northern Crusades 3117:Selart, Anti (2015). 2496: 2435: 2394:Vyazhishchi Monastery 2312:, according to which 2284: 2163:Illustrated Chronicle 2160: 2152:Treaty of Yazhelbitsy 2146:and prevailed in the 2073: 1995:Alexander Yaroslavich 1947: 1897:, more influenced by 1789:Vsevolod the Big Nest 1752: 1748:Vsevolod the Big Nest 1646: 1546:were defeated by the 1500:, at the head of the 1483: 1472:, to rule over them. 1308: 1300:Nostratic communities 1087:Not fully controlled. 921:Republic of Tatarstan 814:Constitutional crisis 22: 3194:Конец ордынского ига 3146:. Вече. p. 66. 2505:it was divided into 2477:Novgorod Governorate 2443:Our Lady of the Sign 2242:In 1565, after Tsar 2224:population of Russia 1889:on eastern side and 1662:Vsevolod Mstislavich 1649:Our Lady of the Sign 1623:Izyaslav Mstislavich 1611:Vsevolod Mstislavich 1575:Vsevolod Yaroslavich 860:Annexation of Crimea 468:Constituent Assembly 345:Second Patriotic War 2428:17th–18th centuries 2216:military servicemen 2148:Muscovite Civil War 2142:defeated his rival 1814:, Waiga and partly 1670:Svyatoslav Olgovich 1591:Davyd Svyatoslavich 1319:East European Plain 1269:administrative unit 1040:Zaporizhzhia Oblast 872:Invasion of Ukraine 661:Great Patriotic War 633:Cultural revolution 574:Transcaucasian SFSR 442:February Revolution 329:Emancipation reform 227:Council of Uvetichi 77: • 73: • 3657:Konstantin Nevolin 3605:Katchanovski, Ivan 3572:Victor Bernadsky. 3543:Vasily Klyuchevsky 3354:Vasily Storozhev. 3098:Unknown parameter 2774:Novgorod the Great 2577:Treaty of Bolotovo 2499: 2438: 2422:Treaty of Stolbovo 2332:Jacob De la Gardie 2287: 2262:was caused by the 2167: 2079: 2034:Battle of Kulikovo 2030:Treaty of Bolotovo 1993:On July 15, 1240, 1954: 1856:Mstislav the Brave 1854:Mstislav's father 1849:Danish Census Book 1711:Andrei Bogolyubsky 1653: 1577:sent his grandson 1486: 1466:Rurikovich dynasty 1311: 1213:Новгородская земля 956:Republic of Crimea 907:Russian Federation 850:Presidential terms 742:Karelo-Finnish SSR 695:Chernobyl disaster 435:Russian Revolution 333:Russo-Japanese War 321:1812 Patriotic War 235:Battle of Kulikovo 223:Council of Liubech 29: 3705:Novgorod Republic 3431:978-0-691-13696-7 3340:978-0-691-13696-7 3290:978-5-8455-0176-9 3178:978-5-8455-0176-9 3153:978-5-9533-2921-7 3082:978-5-91852-183-0 2685:Valery Vasiliev. 2449:, trade rows and 2264:oprichnina pogrom 2244:Ivan the Terrible 2006:Battle of Rakovor 2002:Battle on the Ice 1907:Eastern Orthodoxy 1887:Eastern Orthodoxy 1715:Roman Mstislavich 1686:House of Monomakh 1639:Novgorod Republic 1606:Vladimir Monomakh 1583:Vladimir Monomakh 1470:Sineus and Truvor 1453:Primary Chronicle 1421:Rurik Gorodishche 1342:Rurik Gorodishche 1237:Novgorod Republic 1202: 1201: 1168:Russia portal 1096: 1095: 790:Belavezha Accords 772: 771: 683:Era of Stagnation 649:Industrialization 615: 614: 492:Soviet-Polish War 428: 427: 409:Russian Manchuria 355:Tsardom of Russia 341:October Manifesto 325:Decembrist Revolt 317:Petrovian reforms 285: 284: 245:Novgorod Republic 209: 208: 125: 124: 3712: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3619:Lanham, Maryland 3600: 3595:. Archived from 3556: 3551: 3545: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3486: 3480: 3479: 3474:. 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Charley. 2517:(prisuds), 2503:Middle Ages 2065:Sami people 1985:During the 1883:Piusa river 1879:Lake Peipus 1875:Narva river 1863:Bear's Head 1448:Kyivan Rus' 1425:Krechevitsy 1381:Sámi people 1331:Finno–Ugric 1285:Paleolithic 1229:Kievan Rus' 786:August Coup 709:War of Laws 691:Perestroika 669:Warsaw Pact 657:Great Purge 620:1923–1991: 484:White Guard 464:Directorate 433:1917–1923: 290:1480–1917: 216:Feudal Rus' 214:1240–1480: 87:Rus' people 79:Early Slavs 46:History of 3694:Categories 3642:24 January 3372:Zemshchina 3356:Zemshchina 2709:2015-06-27 2601:References 2345:Charles IX 2256:zemshchina 2252:oprichnina 2171:Casimir IV 2124:novgorodka 2116:literature 2075:Novgorodka 1597:, prince, 1537:Lake Onega 1394:, and the 1346:Varangians 1289:Mesolithic 1283:since the 1275:Population 852:amendments 764:Tannu Tuva 687:Afghan War 622:Soviet Era 130:879–1240: 71:Prehistory 23:Detinets ( 3314:cite book 3102:ignored ( 3091:cite book 2974:1049-7544 2579:in 1348. 2473:Archangel 2424:of 1617. 2381:Yaroslavl 2376:Pozharsky 2325:Vladislav 2135:Lithuania 2100:Stockholm 2057:Magnus IV 2049:Tysyatsky 1831:Ugaunians 1698:Beloozero 1684:from the 1678:Chernigov 1567:posadniks 1510:tysyatsky 1502:Varangian 1441:Garðaríki 1437:Beloozero 1365:Karelians 1293:Neolithic 1255:. It had 1249:White Sea 1243:(later – 1217:northwest 1145:1982–1991 1141:1964–1982 1137:1953–1964 1133:1927–1953 1129:1917–1927 1125:1894–1917 1121:1855–1894 1117:1796–1855 1113:1721–1796 888:Sanctions 838:Oligarchy 768:1921–1944 746:1940–1956 735:1922–1991 724:1922–1991 641:Stalinism 599:1921–1923 588:1918–1920 578:1922–1922 567:1920–1922 556:1919–1922 545:1917–1922 535:1917–1918 524:1917–1918 510:Emigrants 496:Priamurye 480:Civil War 456:July Days 424:1914–1921 413:1900–1905 402:1867–1915 391:1809–1917 380:1799–1867 369:1721–1917 359:1547–1721 269:1263–1547 259:1157–1331 249:1136–1478 193:1093–1157 118:Garðaríki 75:Antiquity 3627:Plymouth 2590:and the 2321:Novgorod 2260:Novgorod 2179:Ivan III 2175:posadnik 2061:Lappland 2045:Posadnik 1998:defeated 1969:and the 1962:Smolensk 1958:Yaroslav 1930:Kukenois 1693:Vladimir 1682:Yaropolk 1674:Vsevolod 1599:posadnik 1587:Novgorod 1581:(son of 1579:Mstislav 1571:Ostromir 1522:Detinets 1506:Yaropolk 1413:Novgorod 1315:Krivichi 1109:860–1721 1105:Timeline 842:Putinism 796:Protocol 794:Alma-Ata 699:Karabakh 679:transfer 665:Cold War 488:Red Army 472:election 305:Troubles 183:988–1402 173:987–1397 163:882–1136 108:Arthania 37:a series 35:Part of 3623:Toronto 3563:Sources 2982:2491696 2635:Encarta 2588:Karelia 2535:volosts 2531:prisuds 2519:pogosts 2511:volosts 2507:pyatins 2451:Voivode 2447:Volkhov 2418:Tikhvin 2392:of the 2390:hegumen 2374:Prince 2357:Kremlin 2349:Volkhov 2209:pogosts 2201:Livonia 2111:Kremlin 2083:Gotland 1975:Polotsk 1934:Gerzike 1915:Anthony 1847:as per 1841:Gotland 1836:Vironia 1560:Polotsk 1541:voivode 1433:Izborsk 1417:Volkhov 1402:History 1385:Zyryans 1377:Estonia 1373:Livonia 1357:Votians 1233:Rurikid 1209:Russian 1151:present 1051:present 1030:present 1009:present 988:present 967:present 947:present 930:present 913:present 876:Prelude 673:Comecon 303:Time of 66:Periods 3633: 3589: 3522: 3497: 3454: 3428: 3400: 3337: 3287: 3215: 3175: 3150: 3125: 3079: 3019: 2980: 2972: 2909: 2851: 2592:Arctic 2515:uyezds 2462:Schism 2314:Korela 2310:Sweden 2231:Vasily 2220:manors 2197:Sweden 2104:Vyborg 2092:kontor 2053:treaty 2017:Moscow 1922:Albert 1816:Sakala 1812:Ugandi 1726:boyars 1666:smerds 1490:Ladoga 1450:. 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