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Nuo folk religion

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70: 20: 69: 517: 6793: 720: 6803: 1297: 1401:, a person between the ages of 12 and 16 was selected in December as a person who can exorcise evil called Jinja, which wore a red attire that was worn over the pants. 24 of these selected people formed a group and 6 people formed one row. Normally, the team is constituted of 2 groups. 12 people who led this team of exorcists wore a red hat and special clothing called sochang and had a whip. To fit the occasion of exorcism, 1133: 873:), the two ancestors of humanity, according to mythology, whose sacrifice gave origin to Nuo practices. When a Nuo ceremony is performed, the ancestral couple is represented by carved wooden statues erected in front of the temple, while all lesser gods are placed behind them. In simpler rituals, they are seen as embodiments of all the other gods. 996:
Below the Three Patrons and the Five Deities is the Enthroned Deity, who is considered to be incarnated in the present time. The most prominent contemporary government figure of China is believed to be the Enthroned God. In Nuo shrines there is often a tablet with the inscription "a long life to the
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been worshipped as responsive divine ancestors. Nuo rituals began as efficacious methods to worship them, Lord Nuo and Lady Nuo. Since the 1980s, Nuo folk religion has undergone a revitalisation in China, and today is a folk religion endorsed by the central government. Nuo priests are classified as
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One of the most distinguishing characteristics of Nuo folk religion is its iconographic style, which represents the gods as wooden masks or heads. This is related to its own mythology, which traces the origin of Nuo to the first two humans, who were unjustly killed by beheading and have since then
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theory, clearly represented in mythology, otherwise explainable as a world in which potentiality and actuality, supernature and nature, form a complementary and dialectical duality which is the order of the universe. Man is an active participant within this order, interplaying with the world of
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of the centre of the cosmos, the Green or Blue Deity of the east, the Red Deity of the south, the White Deity of the east, and the Black Deity of the north. As in Chinese religion, they have a cosmological significance corresponding to various aspects of nature and are believed to have been
1089:, "order's altar"). The ancestors of the order are invoked during every ritual performance and in the divine hierarchy, they come right below the Enthroned Deity. The three earliest Nuo ritualists common to nearly all the orders are Yan Sanlang, Liu Wulang, and Huang Wanlang. 1119:"Heavenly Immortal"), who is directly involved since the origin of humanity in triggering this dialogue between the spiritual and the material. The primary form of dialogue is the worship of ancestors, and this is reflected in the patriarchal structure of Tujia society. 912:), another deity from Taoist theology, who is invoked by Nuo priests by blowing into a peculiar ritual instrument, an ox horn. The Jade Deity is conceived as the commander of all lesser gods, so in order to communicate with them it is necessary to call upon him first. 898:
who moved to their areas. Apart from the trinity and some elaborate ritual styles, Nuo folk religion has not acquired the philosophical contents of Taoism, as the purpose of Nuo practices is mainly to "nourish" Nuo gods. Directly below the Three Pure Ones is the
1096:, such as the Door Gods, the Well God, the Hearth God, the Land God, and the Wealth God, which are those with an immediate relationship with people despite their lower rank in the Nuo pantheon. 1188:, who would lead a funeral procession and exorcise demons from a burial mound. This practice was merged with traditional Japanese exorcistic rites such as the Shinto 608: 622: 3213: 3304: 5746: 5595: 750: 318: 6652: 6604: 3952: 5640: 5567: 2738: 1839: 615: 1023:). The main task of Nuo practices is to strengthen the power of gods as much as possible so that they can exorcise malevolent beings. 6827: 5440: 1817: 5891: 5731: 5605: 5590: 774:
with its own system of temples, rituals, orders of priests, and gods that is interethnic and practiced across central and southern
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The royal traditions of the Nuo folk religion in Korea were introduced in the 6th year of the reign of
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was also performed in court. The tradition waned in performance after the late Joseon period.
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Reinvention of the Belief - An Anthropological Study of the Chinese Popular Religion of Nuo
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Every order of Nuo priests has its own founders, who are honoured at dedicated altars (
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The Reinvention of the Nuo Religion of the Tujia's Ethnic Identity and Identification
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Fukushima, Yoshiko (2005), "Masks, Interface of Past and Future: Nomura Mannojō's
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divinity in a creative manner. Nuo mythology also tells of a highest goddess,
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Generally, right below the ancestral couple of Nuogong and Nuopo come the
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Li, Lan (2009), "Who Controls the Fate of an ICH – A Case Study of Nuo (
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Three Worlds' Deities, Five Directions' Deities, and the Enthroned Deity
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wears a four-eyed mask rather than the original four-eyed bearskin.
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Li, Lan (2010). "The Changing Role of the Popular Religion of Nuo (
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practices were the 8th-century source for the Japanese
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The highest deities in the Nuo pantheon are Lord Nuo (
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Popular Religion in Modern China: The New Role of Nuo
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religious movement, which is the original meaning of
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The setting of Nuo activities are distinct temples (
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It has strong influences from 319:Chinese Folk Temples' Association 6828:Traditional rituals of East Asia 6801: 6792: 6791: 6605:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5747:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1758:. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. 1295: 718: 300:Lineage associations or churches 195:Chinese spiritual world concepts 68: 5207:Evolutionary origin of religion 1711:) in Modern Chinese Politics". 1656: 1635: 1306:needs additional citations for 395:Chinese communal deity religion 5563:Separation of church and state 4216:Polytheistic reconstructionism 1651:Issues in Language and Culture 1194:("talisman with the name of a 1123:Influence on nearby traditions 1068: 972:) and the patron of humanity ( 935:Deities of the Five Directions 920:Below the Jade Deity come the 805: 795: 436:Main philosophical traditions: 416:Chinese mother goddess worship 1: 6833:Chinese folk religion in Asia 3172:Traditional Sabahan religions 1445: 423:Northeast China folk religion 1825: 1767:, Belfast: Queens University 1450: 1104:Nuo cosmology is based on a 1099: 526:Salvation churches and sects 430:Traditional Chinese Medicine 7: 5416:National religiosity levels 4641:Nauruan Indigenous religion 4196:Hellenism (modern religion) 1408: 1136:Japanese Shinto ceremonial 922:Deities of the Three Worlds 609:Indonesian Confucian Church 471:Folk ritual masters' orders 16:Indigenous Chinese religion 10: 6854: 4825: 1677: 1397:. According to Book 64 of 1209:history, which mentions a 845: 520:Zhenkong, "Void of Truth". 388:Chinese ancestral religion 293:Associations of good-doing 174:Chinese gods and immortals 6787: 6706: 6623: 6495: 6240: 5965: 5682: 5678: 5667: 5576: 5501: 5272: 5180: 5117: 4835: 4831: 4820: 4383: 4370: 4295: 4118: 4100:Transcendental Meditation 3993: 3980: 3945: 3693: 3670: 3659: 3586: 3549: 3251: 3147: 3129: 3073: 3064: 2981: 2909: 2760: 2751: 2709: 2681: 2639: 2572: 2563: 2554: 2520: 2487: 2459: 2450: 2400: 2267: 1954: 1868: 1859: 1850: 1846: 1833: 1783: 1752: 1725:10.1017/S0026749X10000090 1707: 1645:追儺における呪文の名称と方相氏の役割の変化について 1644: 1641:Gras, Alexandre (2004), " 1275: 1245: 1237: 1184: 1171: 1115: 1082: 1055: 1046: 1037: 1028: 1016: 1007: 974: 961: 948: 939: 926: 905: 887: 869: 857: 838:("masters who assist the 829: 818: 5732:Central African Republic 2719:Vietnamese folk religion 2110:Charismatic Christianity 959:), the patron of earth ( 684:Vietnamese folk religion 287:Institutions and temples 5626:New religious movements 5259:Theories about religion 5212:Evolutionary psychology 4241:Modern Finnish paganism 2186:Independent Catholicism 6275:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4256:Erzyan native religion 4105:Unitarian Universalism 3484:Native American Church 2230:Oneness Pentecostalism 1145: 1001:Temples and ceremonies 521: 498:Devotional traditions: 40: 6595:Saint Kitts and Nevis 5892:São Tomé and Príncipe 5752:Republic of the Congo 3953:Aboriginal Australian 2582:Chinese folk religion 1668:Asian Theatre Journal 1415:Chinese folk religion 1135: 772:Chinese folk religion 602:Holy Confucian Church 519: 188:Chinese creation myth 61:Chinese folk religion 22: 6217:United Arab Emirates 5003:Religious experience 4377:Historical religions 3337:Four Mothers Society 2739:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 2071:Schwenkfelder Church 1713:Modern Asian Studies 1315:improve this article 997:god on the throne". 705:Zhuang folk religion 402:Chinese food therapy 383:Major cultural forms 6610:Trinidad and Tobago 6505:Antigua and Barbuda 5673:Religion by country 4729:Cult of Magna Mater 3209:Philippine Dayawism 2790:Nimbarka Sampradaya 2538:Chinese Manichaeism 2210:Jehovah's Witnesses 2015:Proto-Protestantism 1395:Jeongjong of Goryeo 1330:"Nuo folk religion" 792:traditional Chinese 725:Religion portal 691:Qiang folk religion 379:Internal traditions 6545:Dominican Republic 5591:Abrahamic prophets 4680:Proto-Indo-Iranian 3182:Aliran Kepercayaan 2385:Non-denominational 2307:Modernist Salafism 1993:Oriental Orthodoxy 1146: 802:simplified Chinese 770:, is a variant of 677:Miao folk religion 594:Confucian churches 551:Maitreya teachings 522: 465:Ritual traditions: 41: 6838:Religion in Hunan 6815: 6814: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6778: 5767:Equatorial Guinea 5663: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5197:Cognitive science 4816: 4815: 4749:Mysteries of Isis 4523:Frankish paganism 4366: 4365: 4362: 4361: 4358: 4357: 4110:White Brotherhood 3976: 3975: 3941: 3940: 3342:Keetoowah Society 3243:Sundanese Wiwitan 3060: 3059: 3056: 3055: 2785:Brahma Sampradaya 2747: 2746: 2550: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2528:Assianism/Uatsdin 2446: 2445: 2215:British Israelism 2201:Nontrinitarianism 2164:Plymouth Brethren 2159:Nondenominational 2093:Congregationalism 1981:Eastern Orthodoxy 1929:Reconstructionist 1632:, pp. 57–58. 1608:, pp. 66–67. 1545:, pp. 64–65. 1533:, pp. 63–64. 1490:, pp. 55–58. 1425:Chinese shamanism 1391: 1390: 1383: 1365: 1287:Korean traditions 1270:masked character 1264:and the Japanese 1092:There are also a 782:. 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1555: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1491: 1485: 1479: 1473: 1467: 1461: 1386: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1366: 1364: 1323: 1299: 1291: 1278: 1277: 1249: 1240: 1239: 1187: 1186: 1174: 1173: 1152:(794-1185), the 1118: 1117: 1085: 1084: 1073: 1072: 1058: 1057: 1049: 1048: 1040: 1039: 1031: 1030: 1026:Nuo ceremonies ( 1019: 1018: 1010: 1009: 977: 976: 964: 963: 951: 950: 942: 941: 929: 928: 908: 907: 890: 889: 872: 871: 864:) and Lady Nuo ( 860: 859: 832: 831: 821: 820: 807: 799: 753: 746: 739: 723: 722: 623:Phoenix churches 563:Tianxian miaodao 558:Tiandi teachings 409:Chinese geomancy 312:Ancestral shrine 275:Precious scrolls 167:Chinese theology 72: 62: 54: 51: 43: 42: 6853: 6852: 6848: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6842: 6818: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6775: 6702: 6683:Solomon Islands 6619: 6491: 6395:North Macedonia 6236: 5961: 5674: 5655: 5616:Mass gatherings 5584: 5579: 5572: 5511: 5506: 5497: 5431:Religiocentrism 5411:National church 5279: 5276: 5268: 5183: 5176: 5113: 5035:Bodies of water 4827: 4812: 4597:Jamaican Maroon 4379: 4354: 4291: 4121: 4114: 3985: 3983: 3972: 3937: 3911:Trinidad Orisha 3696: 3689: 3662: 3655: 3582: 3545: 3531:Washat Dreamers 3254: 3247: 3143: 3125: 3052: 3026:Srilankan Vedda 2977: 2905: 2780:Sri Vaishnavism 2743: 2705: 2677: 2635: 2542: 2516: 2483: 2442: 2396: 2321:Twelver Shi'ism 2263: 2125:Neo-charismatic 2098:Presbyterianism 1950: 1842: 1829: 1824: 1789:Sharing Culture 1698: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1661: 1657: 1640: 1636: 1628: 1624: 1616: 1612: 1604: 1600: 1592: 1588: 1580: 1576: 1568: 1564: 1556: 1549: 1541: 1537: 1529: 1525: 1517: 1513: 1505: 1494: 1486: 1482: 1474: 1470: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1411: 1387: 1376: 1370: 1367: 1324: 1322: 1312: 1300: 1289: 1130: 1125: 1102: 1053:), sacrifices ( 1003: 933:) and then the 918: 883:Three Pure Ones 879: 853: 848: 840:(astral) square 757: 717: 710: 709: 648: 640: 639: 511:Wang Ye worship 380: 372: 371: 332: 324: 323: 288: 280: 279: 232: 224: 223: 201:Model humanity: 162: 154: 153: 80: 60: 49: 46: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6851: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6799: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6712: 6710: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6629: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6490: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6465:United Kingdom 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6246: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5971: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5688: 5686: 5676: 5675: 5665: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5558:Secularization 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5538:Deconstruction 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5514: 5512: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5386:Fundamentalism 5383: 5382: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5319: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5293: 5288: 5282: 5280: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5250: 5249: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5188: 5186: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5123: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5053: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5027: 5026: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4864: 4862:Call to prayer 4859: 4854: 4849: 4847:Disaffiliation 4839: 4837: 4829: 4828: 4818: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4774: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4753: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4721: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4677: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4650: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4616: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4545:Greco-Buddhism 4542: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4505: 4500: 4499: 4498: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4477: 4476: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4455: 4454: 4449: 4439: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4396: 4395: 4384: 4381: 4380: 4368: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4351: 4350: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4275: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4187: 4186: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4169: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4142: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4126: 4124: 4116: 4115: 4113: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4059: 4058: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3997: 3995: 3988: 3978: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3949: 3947: 3943: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3906:Tambor de Mina 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3832: 3831: 3830: 3829: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3683:Guanche church 3674: 3672: 3665: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3588:Tibeto-Burmese 3584: 3583: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3559: 3557: 3547: 3546: 3544: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3501: 3496: 3494:Nuu-chah-nulth 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3437: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3403:Muscogee Creek 3400: 3395: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3270: 3265: 3259: 3257: 3249: 3248: 3246: 3245: 3240: 3238:Sumbese Marapu 3235: 3234: 3233: 3228: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3176: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3159: 3157:Batak Parmalim 3153: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3141: 3135: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3079: 3077: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3012: 3011: 3006: 2996: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2978: 2976: 2975: 2968: 2963: 2962: 2961: 2951: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2921: 2915: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2903: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2865: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2819: 2818: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2766: 2764: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2715: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2687: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2645: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2578: 2576: 2567: 2558: 2552: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2469:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 2465: 2463: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2404: 2402: 2398: 2397: 2395: 2394: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2345: 2340: 2339: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2313: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2273: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2206:Bible Students 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2176:Restorationism 2173: 2172: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2155: 2154: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2132:Evangelicalism 2129: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2043: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2005: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1978: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1960: 1958: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1902: 1892: 1891: 1890: 1874: 1872: 1863: 1854: 1844: 1843: 1831: 1830: 1823: 1822: 1815: 1808: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1778: 1769: 1760: 1745: 1702: 1697:978-1317077954 1696: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1670:22.2: 249-268. 1655: 1634: 1622: 1610: 1598: 1586: 1574: 1562: 1547: 1535: 1523: 1511: 1492: 1480: 1468: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1410: 1407: 1389: 1388: 1303: 1301: 1294: 1288: 1285: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1101: 1098: 1002: 999: 917: 914: 878: 875: 852: 849: 847: 844: 759: 758: 756: 755: 748: 741: 733: 730: 729: 728: 727: 712: 711: 708: 707: 701: 700: 694: 693: 687: 686: 680: 679: 673: 672: 667: 661: 660: 655: 649: 646: 645: 642: 641: 638: 637: 631: 630: 625: 619: 618: 612: 611: 605: 604: 590: 589: 584: 582:Zaili teaching 578: 577: 572: 566: 565: 560: 554: 553: 548: 542: 541: 536: 514: 513: 507: 506: 495: 494: 488: 487: 481: 480: 474: 473: 462: 461: 455: 454: 449: 433: 432: 426: 425: 419: 418: 412: 411: 405: 404: 398: 397: 391: 390: 381: 378: 377: 374: 373: 370: 369: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 333: 330: 329: 326: 325: 322: 321: 315: 314: 309: 307:Chinese temple 303: 302: 296: 295: 289: 286: 285: 282: 281: 278: 277: 271: 270: 264: 263: 257: 256: 251: 245: 244: 239: 233: 230: 229: 226: 225: 222: 221: 215: 214: 209: 198: 197: 191: 190: 184: 183: 177: 176: 170: 169: 163: 160: 159: 156: 155: 152: 151: 146: 140: 139: 134: 128: 127: 122: 116: 115: 110: 104: 103: 98: 92: 91: 81: 78: 77: 74: 73: 65: 64: 56: 55: 27:Nuo Temple in 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6850: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6798: 6790: 6789: 6786: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6709: 6708:South America 6705: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6622: 6616: 6615:United States 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6498: 6497:North America 6494: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6355:Liechtenstein 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5970: 5968: 5964: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5807:Guinea-Bissau 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5666: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5631:Organizations 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5575: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5494: 5491: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5456:Vegetarianism 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5401:Homosexuality 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5222:Neurotheology 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5179: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5116: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4916:Folk religion 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4823: 4819: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4739:Imperial cult 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4698: 4695: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4308:Discordianism 4306: 4304: 4303:Anthroposophy 4301: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4251:Mari religion 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4181: 4180: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4108: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4088:Neo-Theosophy 4086: 4085: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4026:New Acropolis 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3979: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3833: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3722: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3692: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3671:North African 3669: 3666: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3425:Kwakwakaʼwakw 3423: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3250: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3131:Austroasiatic 3128: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3102:Vattisen Yaly 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3021:Kirat Mundhum 3019: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3001: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2927: 2926: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2553: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2380:Milah Abraham 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2037: 2036:Protestantism 2034: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1821: 1816: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1790: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1703: 1699: 1693: 1690:. Routledge. 1689: 1688: 1682: 1681: 1669: 1665: 1659: 1652: 1648: 1638: 1631: 1626: 1620:, p. 67. 1619: 1614: 1607: 1602: 1596:, p. 64. 1595: 1590: 1584:, p. 62. 1583: 1578: 1572:, p. 66. 1571: 1566: 1560:, p. 65. 1559: 1554: 1552: 1544: 1539: 1532: 1527: 1520: 1515: 1509:, p. 58. 1508: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1497: 1489: 1484: 1478:, p. 63. 1477: 1472: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1385: 1382: 1374: 1363: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1332: –  1331: 1327: 1326:Find sources: 1320: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1304:This section 1302: 1298: 1293: 1292: 1284: 1282: 1273: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1248: 1244: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1224: 1223:Emperor Kanmu 1220: 1219:Emperor Kōnin 1216: 1215:Emperor Shōmu 1212: 1208: 1207: 1206:Shoku Nihongi 1201: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1192: 1182: 1178: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1159: 1156:adopted into 1155: 1151: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1120: 1112: 1107: 1097: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1078: 1076: 1071: 1065: 1061: 1052: 1043: 1034: 1024: 1022: 1013: 998: 994: 991: 986: 984: 980: 971: 967: 958: 954: 945: 936: 932: 923: 913: 911: 902: 897: 893: 884: 874: 867: 863: 843: 841: 837: 836: 826: 825: 813: 811: 803: 798: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 754: 749: 747: 742: 740: 735: 734: 732: 731: 726: 721: 716: 715: 714: 713: 706: 703: 702: 699: 696: 695: 692: 689: 688: 685: 682: 681: 678: 675: 674: 671: 668: 666: 663: 662: 659: 656: 654: 651: 650: 644: 643: 636: 633: 632: 629: 626: 624: 621: 620: 617: 614: 613: 610: 607: 606: 603: 600: 599: 598: 597: 595: 588: 585: 583: 580: 579: 576: 573: 571: 568: 567: 564: 561: 559: 556: 555: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 540: 537: 535: 532: 531: 530: 529: 527: 518: 512: 509: 508: 505: 502: 501: 500: 499: 493: 490: 489: 486: 483: 482: 479: 476: 475: 472: 469: 468: 467: 466: 460: 459:Other schools 457: 456: 453: 450: 447: 443: 440: 439: 438: 437: 431: 428: 427: 424: 421: 420: 417: 414: 413: 410: 407: 406: 403: 400: 399: 396: 393: 392: 389: 386: 385: 384: 376: 375: 368: 365: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 334: 328: 327: 320: 317: 316: 313: 310: 308: 305: 304: 301: 298: 297: 294: 291: 290: 284: 283: 276: 273: 272: 269: 266: 265: 262: 259: 258: 255: 252: 250: 247: 246: 243: 240: 238: 235: 234: 228: 227: 220: 217: 216: 213: 210: 208: 205: 204: 203: 202: 196: 193: 192: 189: 186: 185: 182: 179: 178: 175: 172: 171: 168: 165: 164: 158: 157: 150: 147: 145: 142: 141: 138: 135: 133: 130: 129: 126: 123: 121: 118: 117: 114: 111: 109: 106: 105: 102: 99: 97: 94: 93: 90: 86: 83: 82: 76: 75: 71: 67: 66: 63: 58: 57: 52: 45: 44: 38: 34: 30: 26: 21: 6212:Turkmenistan 6172:Saudi Arabia 5917:South Africa 5907:Sierra Leone 5712:Burkina Faso 5621:Names of God 5568:Unaffiliated 5523:Antireligion 5379:Universalism 5327:Assimilation 5192:Anthropology 5067:Supernatural 5062:Spirituality 5030:Sacred space 5018:Purification 4891:Denomination 4845: / 4653:Paleo-Balkan 4619:Mesopotamian 4459:Cook Islands 4430:Old Prussian 4343:UFO religion 4282: 4278:Zalmoxianism 4206:Neoshamanism 4063:Spiritualism 3946:Other ethnic 3835: 3661:Traditional 3621:Bongthingism 3509:Acoma Pueblo 3452:Mesoamerican 3149:Austronesian 2970: 2966:Neo-Buddhism 2898: 2894:Neo-Hinduism 2815:Swaminarayan 2653: 2602:Salvationist 2596: 2587:Confucianism 2438:Samaritanism 2408:Ali-Illahism 2389: 2256: 2250:Unitarianism 2191:Old Catholic 1998:Nestorianism 1956:Christianity 1943: 1909:Conservative 1788: 1773: 1764: 1749: 1716: 1712: 1686: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1650: 1637: 1625: 1613: 1601: 1589: 1577: 1565: 1538: 1526: 1514: 1483: 1471: 1459: 1430:Fangxiangshi 1392: 1377: 1368: 1358: 1351: 1344: 1337: 1325: 1313:Please help 1308:verification 1305: 1280: 1271: 1265: 1262:fangxiangshi 1261: 1257: 1251: 1242: 1233: 1227: 1210: 1204: 1202: 1195: 1189: 1180: 1167:fangxiangshi 1165: 1162:Tang dynasty 1150:Heian period 1147: 1142:Heian Shrine 1137: 1110: 1106:yin and yang 1103: 1091: 1086: 1079: 1074: 1059: 1050: 1041: 1032: 1025: 1020: 1011: 1004: 995: 990:Yellow Deity 987: 978: 965: 952: 943: 930: 919: 909: 891: 880: 865: 861: 854: 835:fangxiangshi 833: 822: 814: 787: 780:Tujia people 767: 763: 762: 635:Taigu school 592: 591: 570:Xia teaching 546:Luo teaching 524: 523: 497: 496: 484: 464: 463: 442:Confucianism 435: 434: 382: 261:Wu shamanism 200: 199: 6663:New Zealand 6600:Saint Lucia 6550:El Salvador 6455:Switzerland 6390:Netherlands 6162:Philippines 6090:South Korea 6085:North Korea 5975:Afghanistan 5922:South Sudan 5812:Ivory Coast 5596:Deification 5543:Objectivism 5518:Agnosticism 5471:Persecution 5461:Video games 5426:Populations 5337:Proselytism 5305:Monasticism 5296:Clericalism 5286:Agriculture 5277:and society 5242:Soteriology 5202:Comparative 5172:Transtheism 5157:Panentheism 4941:Monasticism 4734:Gallo-Roman 4636:Micronesian 4602:Manichaeism 4550:Hermeticism 4518:Continental 4513:Anglo-Saxon 4393:Paleolithic 4388:Prehistoric 4338:Scientology 4201:Italo-Roman 4056:Radha Soami 4036:New Thought 3876:Espiritismo 3817:Waaqeffanna 3757:Fon and Ewe 3695:Sub-Saharan 3578:Satsana Phi 3364:Ghost Dance 3305:Californian 3273:Anishinaabe 3199:Karo Pemena 3178:Indonesian 2852:Lingayatism 2800:Mahanubhava 2770:Vaishnavism 2701:Jeungsanism 2624:Folk Taoism 2607:Xiantiandao 2461:Zoroastrian 2120:Charismatic 2115:Pentecostal 2078:Anglicanism 2029:Waldensians 1964:Catholicism 1221:(781), and 1148:During the 1062:), and the 896:Han Chinese 628:Xuanyuanism 575:Xiantiandao 534:De teaching 446:state rites 6822:Categories 6653:Micronesia 6530:Costa Rica 6425:San Marino 6385:Montenegro 6365:Luxembourg 6222:Uzbekistan 6197:Tajikistan 6102:Kyrgyzstan 6075:Kazakhstan 6025:East Timor 5995:Bangladesh 5985:Azerbaijan 5902:Seychelles 5867:Mozambique 5852:Mauritania 5837:Madagascar 5727:Cape Verde 5509:irreligion 5504:Secularism 5406:Minorities 5374:Toleration 5369:Syncretism 5354:Fanaticism 5344:Disability 5332:Missionary 5322:Conversion 5310:Ordination 5232:Psychology 5227:Philosophy 5167:Polytheism 5147:Monotheism 5142:Henotheism 4983:Orthopraxy 4973:Ordination 4936:Meditation 4931:Indigenous 4896:Entheogens 4881:Conversion 4707:Pueblo III 4624:Babylonian 4614:Melanesian 4540:Gnosticism 4425:Lithuanian 4318:Fourth Way 4172:Circassian 4150:Dievturība 4073:Tensegrity 4006:Falun Gong 3651:Sanamahism 3631:Donyi-Polo 3221:Polynesian 3167:Kaharingan 3092:Burkhanism 3031:Ravidassia 3009:Śvetāmbara 2795:Pushtimarg 2775:Krishnaism 2711:Vietnamese 2696:Cheondoism 2629:Yao Taoism 2565:East Asian 2331:Isma'ilism 2287:Maturidism 2066:Mennonites 2061:Hutterites 2046:Anabaptism 1939:Humanistic 1664:Shingigaku 1446:References 1403:Cheoyongmu 1371:March 2023 1341:newspapers 1260:performer 1044:), songs ( 901:Jade Deity 784:exorcistic 596:and sects: 539:Jiugongdao 352:Jiuhuangye 219:Wen and wu 6771:Venezuela 6716:Argentina 6633:Australia 6585:Nicaragua 6560:Guatemala 6360:Lithuania 6182:Sri Lanka 6177:Singapore 6157:Palestine 6045:Indonesia 6035:Hong Kong 5857:Mauritius 5578:Overviews 5533:Criticism 5486:Sectarian 5476:Terrorism 5451:Theocracy 5396:Happiness 5364:Pluralism 5349:Education 5275:Religion 5247:Salvation 5237:Sociology 5182:Religious 5162:Pantheism 5152:Nontheism 5045:Mountains 5023:Sacrifice 4978:Orthodoxy 4968:Mythology 4963:Mysticism 4852:Behaviour 4761:Canaanite 4744:Mithraism 4712:Pueblo IV 4702:Pueblo II 4607:Mazdakism 4582:Hungarian 4555:Mysteries 4464:Dravidian 4246:Hungarian 4162:Caucasian 4133:Godianism 4093:Agni Yoga 4083:Theosophy 4046:Rastafari 4021:Modekngei 4001:Brahmoism 3994:Syncretic 3986:movements 3984:religious 3896:Quimbanda 3844:Candomblé 3837:Diasporic 3616:Bathouism 3606:Benzhuism 3521:Tsimshian 3472:Purépecha 3393:Longhouse 3368:Sun Dance 3300:Blackfoot 3288:Wabunowin 3283:Midewiwin 3204:Malaysian 3194:Kapitayan 3004:Digambara 2989:Ayyavazhi 2954:Vajrayana 2919:Theravada 2832:Ganapatya 2805:Ramanandi 2734:Hoahaoism 2612:Yiguandao 2507:Yarsanism 2502:Shabakism 2489:Yazdânism 2479:Zurvanism 2474:Mazdaznan 2433:Rastafari 2428:Mandaeism 2302:Wahhabism 2282:Ash'arism 2245:Tolstoyan 2235:Spiritual 2225:Mormonism 2196:Judaizers 2169:Quakerism 2147:Methodist 2137:Irvingism 2088:Calvinism 2041:Adventism 2024:Moravians 1861:Abrahamic 1741:144816047 1733:2157-9679 1653:5: 35-53. 1630:Li (2016) 1618:Li (2016) 1606:Li (2016) 1594:Li (2016) 1582:Li (2016) 1570:Li (2016) 1558:Li (2016) 1543:Li (2016) 1531:Li (2016) 1519:Li (2010) 1507:Li (2016) 1488:Li (2016) 1476:Li (2016) 1464:Li (2003) 1451:Citations 1435:Nuo opera 1100:Cosmology 1064:Nuo opera 981:, who is 968:, who is 955:, who is 953:Tiānhuáng 670:Dongbaism 653:Benzhuism 342:Zhongyuan 331:Festivals 249:Feng shui 242:Jingxiang 231:Practices 113:Xian ling 6797:Category 6761:Suriname 6751:Paraguay 6736:Colombia 6643:Kiribati 6570:Honduras 6540:Dominica 6515:Barbados 6480:Scotland 6440:Slovenia 6435:Slovakia 6410:Portugal 6280:Bulgaria 6202:Thailand 6152:Pakistan 6132:Mongolia 6127:Maldives 6122:Malaysia 6010:Cambodia 5957:Zimbabwe 5932:Tanzania 5782:Ethiopia 5777:Eswatini 5757:Djibouti 5722:Cameroon 5707:Botswana 5651:Timeline 5646:Scholars 5606:Founders 5466:Violence 5421:Politics 5291:Business 5254:Theology 4998:Prophecy 4988:Paganism 4876:Covenant 4843:Apostasy 4778:Scythian 4719:Rapa Nui 4673:Thracian 4668:Illyrian 4658:Albanian 4629:Sumerian 4572:Harappan 4508:Germanic 4503:Georgian 4496:Selk'nam 4481:Etruscan 4469:Egyptian 4447:Druidism 4410:Armenian 4333:Satanism 4313:Eckankar 4236:Estonian 4221:Romanian 4211:Ossetian 4191:Germanic 4140:Armenian 4129:African 4122:paganism 4051:Sant Mat 4041:Rajneesh 4016:Meivazhi 4011:Japanese 3968:Siberian 3901:Santería 3871:Convince 3737:Bushongo 3641:Kiratism 3568:Hmongism 3435:Wocekiye 3420:Jivaroan 3388:Iroquois 3383:Ho-Chunk 3332:Cherokee 3255:American 3226:Hawaiian 3139:Sarnaism 3109:Tungusic 3097:Tengrism 3087:Mongolic 3016:Sarnaism 2947:Nichiren 2924:Mahayana 2911:Buddhism 2889:Sant Mat 2879:Sauraism 2874:Smartism 2869:Shaktism 2862:Balinese 2847:Kaumaram 2842:Kapalika 2837:Kashmiri 2822:Shaivism 2762:Hinduism 2729:Caodaism 2673:Ryukyuan 2668:Tenrikyo 2663:Shugendō 2641:Japanese 2512:Yazidism 2497:Ishikism 2375:Quranism 2348:Khawarij 2297:Salafism 2292:Atharism 2181:Esoteric 2152:Holiness 2142:Lutheran 2103:Reformed 2083:Baptists 2056:Brethren 2020:Hussites 2008:Assyrian 1924:Haymanot 1878:Orthodox 1827:Religion 1409:See also 1399:Goryeosa 1253:setsubun 1177:Japanese 1154:Japanese 1111:Tiānxiān 983:Shennong 979:Rénhuáng 944:Wǔfāngdì 931:Sānhuáng 347:Zhongqiu 337:Qingming 237:Fenxiang 79:Concepts 50:a series 47:Part of 6766:Uruguay 6741:Ecuador 6721:Bolivia 6698:Vanuatu 6625:Oceania 6575:Jamaica 6555:Grenada 6510:Bahamas 6470:England 6460:Ukraine 6415:Romania 6375:Moldova 6335:Ireland 6330:Iceland 6325:Hungary 6315:Germany 6305:Finland 6300:Estonia 6295:Denmark 6290:Czechia 6285:Croatia 6270:Belgium 6265:Belarus 6260:Austria 6255:Andorra 6250:Albania 6227:Vietnam 6137:Myanmar 6112:Lebanon 6030:Georgia 5990:Bahrain 5980:Armenia 5942:Tunisia 5912:Somalia 5897:Senegal 5882:Nigeria 5872:Namibia 5862:Morocco 5827:Liberia 5822:Lesotho 5772:Eritrea 5742:Comoros 5717:Burundi 5692:Algeria 5636:Outline 5601:Deities 5528:Atheism 5441:Science 5359:Freedom 5217:History 5184:studies 5137:Dualism 5127:Animism 5092:Worship 5072:Symbols 5013:Liturgy 4926:Goddess 4886:Deities 4867:Laicism 4857:Beliefs 4836:Aspects 4808:Zapotec 4803:Vainakh 4771:Yahwism 4756:Semitic 4685:Iranian 4587:Hurrian 4577:Hittite 4567:Guanche 4560:Orphism 4491:Fuegian 4486:Finnish 4474:Atenism 4420:Latvian 4405:Arabian 4348:Raëlism 4328:Jediism 4323:Goddess 4296:De novo 4184:Druidry 4078:Thelema 4031:New Age 3916:Umbanda 3807:Tumbuka 3792:Odinala 3777:Lugbara 3697:African 3663:African 3611:Bimoism 3601:Burmese 3447:Mapuche 3413:Wyandot 3373:Guarani 3354:Choctaw 3349:Chilote 3268:Alaskan 3263:Abenaki 3214:Tagalog 3187:Kejawèn 3036:Sikhism 2999:Jainism 2959:Tibetan 2942:Amidism 2810:Warkari 2724:Đạo Mẫu 2574:Chinese 2556:Eastern 2533:Roshani 2452:Iranian 2360:Alevism 2353:Ibadism 2326:Zaydism 2003:Ancient 1974:Eastern 1934:Renewal 1919:Karaite 1900:Zionist 1888:Hasidic 1870:Judaism 1852:Western 1678:Sources 1355:scholar 1281:hōsōshi 1225:(806). 1217:(756), 1211:hōsōshi 1181:hōsōshi 1144:(2010). 1138:hōsōshi 1012:nuómiào 966:Dehuáng 892:Sānqīng 862:Nuógōng 846:Deities 658:Bimoism 504:Mazuism 254:Miaohui 212:Zhenren 144:Baoying 137:Yuanfen 132:Mingyun 120:Yinyang 89:Shangdi 6807:Portal 6746:Guyana 6726:Brazil 6693:Tuvalu 6590:Panama 6580:Mexico 6525:Canada 6520:Belize 6450:Sweden 6430:Serbia 6420:Russia 6405:Poland 6400:Norway 6380:Monaco 6350:Latvia 6345:Kosovo 6320:Greece 6310:France 6242:Europe 6207:Turkey 6192:Taiwan 6097:Kuwait 6070:Jordan 6060:Israel 6020:Cyprus 6005:Brunei 6000:Bhutan 5952:Zambia 5947:Uganda 5887:Rwanda 5842:Malawi 5802:Guinea 5792:Gambia 5697:Angola 5684:Africa 5493:Wealth 5436:Schism 5391:Growth 5315:Priest 5300:Clergy 5119:Theism 5102:Nature 5097:Astral 5040:Groves 5008:Ritual 4993:Prayer 4951:Novice 4901:Ethnic 4826:Topics 4798:Urartu 4793:Tongan 4788:Somali 4783:Slavic 4663:Dacian 4442:Celtic 4437:Basque 4415:Baltic 4266:Udmurt 4231:Uralic 4226:Slavic 4179:Celtic 4167:Abkhaz 4155:Romuva 4145:Baltic 4120:Modern 3963:Papuan 3926:Voodoo 3881:Kumina 3822:Yoruba 3812:Urhobo 3782:Maasai 3767:Lotuko 3715:Baluba 3705:Akamba 3678:Berber 3636:Heraka 3626:Dongba 3504:Pueblo 3499:Pawnee 3489:Navajo 3479:Muisca 3442:Lenape 3430:Lakota 3408:Seneca 3398:Mohawk 3320:Ohlone 3295:Apache 3278:Ojibwe 3253:Native 3119:Manchu 3114:Evenki 3075:Altaic 3066:Ethnic 3041:Khalsa 2994:Kalash 2884:Śrauta 2753:Indian 2683:Korean 2649:Shinto 2619:Taoism 2592:Luoism 2418:Baháʼí 2413:Bábism 2365:Ahmadi 2343:Sufism 2336:Alawis 1986:Church 1914:Reform 1895:Modern 1883:Haredi 1739:  1731:  1694:  1440:Taoism 1357:  1350:  1343:  1336:  1328:  1267:gigaku 1243:tsuina 1230:Kyōgen 1158:Shinto 1087:shītán 1060:nuó jì 1051:nuó gē 1042:nuó wǔ 1033:nuó yí 1021:nuótán 810:Taoism 804:: 794:: 587:Qigong 452:Taoism 362:Duanwu 161:Theory 125:Hundun 29:Xinhua 25:Chiyou 6731:Chile 6688:Tonga 6678:Samoa 6668:Palau 6658:Nauru 6565:Haiti 6485:Wales 6445:Spain 6370:Malta 6340:Italy 6232:Yemen 6187:Syria 6167:Qatar 6142:Nepal 6117:Macau 6080:Korea 6065:Japan 6040:India 6015:China 5927:Sudan 5877:Niger 5832:Libya 5817:Kenya 5797:Ghana 5787:Gabon 5762:Egypt 5702:Benin 5611:Index 5582:lists 5446:State 5264:Women 5132:Deism 5107:Place 5087:Water 5082:Truth 5050:Trees 4906:Faith 4871:Laity 4766:Punic 4724:Roman 4690:Vedic 4648:Olmec 4535:Greek 4528:Norse 4452:Irish 4273:Wicca 4068:Subud 3958:Inuit 3931:Winti 3921:Vodou 3886:Obeah 3866:Comfa 3849:Bantu 3802:Serer 3787:Mbuti 3747:Dogon 3742:Dinka 3725:Kongo 3720:Bantu 3646:Qiang 3536:Yaqui 3467:Olmec 3457:Aztec 3378:Haida 3315:Miwok 3310:Kuksu 3231:Māori 3162:Dayak 3083:Turko 3046:Sects 2982:Other 2937:Thiền 2521:Other 2423:Druze 2401:Other 2277:Sunni 2269:Islam 2051:Amish 1969:Latin 1750:Nuo ( 1737:S2CID 1362:JSTOR 1348:books 1272:Chidō 1191:ofuda 1160:many 1075:nuóxì 866:Nuópó 776:China 37:Hunan 33:Loudi 6756:Peru 6638:Fiji 6535:Cuba 6147:Oman 6107:Laos 6055:Iraq 6050:Iran 5967:Asia 5937:Togo 5847:Mali 5737:Chad 5580:and 5507:and 5077:Text 5057:Soul 4946:Monk 4911:Fire 4592:Inca 4400:Ainu 4284:list 4261:Sámi 3891:Palo 3859:Ketu 3854:Jejé 3772:Lozi 3752:Efik 3730:Zulu 3710:Akan 3563:Ahom 3555:Miao 3553:and 3541:Zuni 3514:Hopi 3462:Maya 3359:Crow 3325:Pomo 2972:list 2929:Chan 2900:list 2857:Nath 2655:list 2391:list 2316:Shia 2258:list 1945:list 1729:ISSN 1692:ISBN 1334:news 1228:The 1200:"). 1197:kami 970:Nuwa 957:Fuxi 910:Yùdì 842:"). 367:Nian 357:Qixi 207:Xian 108:Ling 101:Shen 85:Tian 5481:War 4956:Nun 4921:God 3982:New 3827:Ifá 3797:San 3596:Bon 3551:Tai 3526:Ute 2933:Zen 2597:Nuo 1721:doi 1666:", 1649:", 1317:by 1258:nuo 1250:or 1234:nuo 1185:方相氏 1179:as 1172:方相氏 1140:at 1077:). 985:). 940:五方帝 830:方相氏 788:nuó 665:Bon 6824:: 5298:/ 4869:/ 3762:Ik 3573:Mo 1735:. 1727:. 1717:44 1715:. 1550:^ 1495:^ 1276:治道 1247:追儺 1116:天仙 1083:师坛 1070:傩戏 1056:傩祭 1047:傩歌 1038:傩舞 1029:傩仪 1017:傩坛 1008:傩庙 975:人皇 962:地皇 949:天皇 927:三皇 906:玉帝 888:三清 870:傩婆 858:傩公 824:wu 812:. 800:; 149:Wu 96:Qi 53:on 35:, 31:, 3839:: 3366:/ 3085:- 2935:/ 2931:/ 2208:/ 2022:/ 1819:e 1812:t 1805:v 1784:儺 1753:傩 1743:. 1723:: 1708:傩 1700:. 1521:. 1466:. 1384:) 1378:( 1373:) 1369:( 1359:· 1352:· 1345:· 1338:· 1311:. 1238:儺 1113:( 1066:( 937:( 924:( 903:( 885:( 819:巫 806:傩 797:儺 790:( 752:e 745:t 738:v 528:: 448:) 444:( 87:— 39:.

Index


Chiyou
Xinhua
Loudi
Hunan
a series
Chinese folk religion
Stylisation of the 禄 lù or 子 zi grapheme, respectively meaning "prosperity", "furthering", "welfare" and "son", "offspring". 字 zì, meaning "word" and "symbol", is a cognate of 子 zi and represents a "son" enshrined under a "roof". The symbol is ultimately a representation of the north celestial pole (Běijí 北极) and its spinning constellations, and as such it is equivalent to the Eurasian symbol of the swastika, 卍 wàn.
Tian
Shangdi
Qi
Shen
Ling
Xian ling
Yinyang
Hundun
Mingyun
Yuanfen
Baoying
Wu
Chinese theology
Chinese gods and immortals
Chinese mythology
Chinese creation myth
Chinese spiritual world concepts
Xian
Zhenren
Wen and wu
Fenxiang
Jingxiang

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