52:
1556:
1111:
314:
289:
38:
1501:"In the summer of 1918, the Armenian national councils reluctantly transferred from Tiflis to Yerevan, to take over the leadership of the republic from the popular dictator Aram Manukian and the renowned military commander Drastamat Kanayan. It then began the daunting process of establishing a national administrative machinery in an isolated and landlocked misery. This was not the autonomy or independence which Armenian intellectuals had dreamed of and for which a generation of youth had been sacrificed. Yet, as it happened, it was here that the Armenian people were destined to continue national existence."
847:
51:
826:
356:
2247:
1139:
1126:
1076:
The
Armenians intend to occupy by means of their refugees the lands left by the Kurds and Turks, in order to benefit from that territory. I consider this intention unacceptable, because after the war, it will be difficult to reclaim those lands sequestered by the Armenians or to prove that the seized
56:
The area of
Russian occupation as of September 1917 and administrative-territorial division of the regions of Turkey occupied by Russian troops during the First World War in 1916-1917. Some Western-Armenian regions (Berdaghrak\Yusufeli, Sper\Ispir, Tortum, Gaylget\Kelkit, Baberd\Bayburt and other)
1439:
accepted the Treaty as a basis for negotiation and wired the governing bodies, urging them to accept this position. The mood prevailing in Tiflis was very different; the treaty did not create a united block. Armenia acknowledged the existence of a state of war with the
Ottoman Empire. This
1386:
1446:. ACEA did not recognize the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and the Ottoman Empire was opposed to the Democratic Republic of Armenia. The ACEA devised policies to direct the war effort as well as the relief and repatriation of refugees, passing a law organizing the defense of the
1051:
brought relief to the victims of the war and organized in 1916 a
Children's Home in Van. Children's Home helped children to learn reading and writing and supplied them nice clothes. Near East relief worked in Syria and "several hundred thousand" during the
968:
During the winter of 1915, the
Ottoman forces retreated once again, which enabled Aram Manukian to return to Van and re-establish his post. The governor declared strict measures to prevent pillage and destruction of property in December 1915. Some
866:
July was the second month of self-government under the leadership of
Manoukian. Then, the conflict turned against the Armenians. The Ottoman Army, under Pasha Kerim, launched a counterattack in the Lake Van area and defeated the Russians at the
842:
The conflict began on April 20, 1915, with Aram
Manukian as the leader of the resistance, and it lasted for two months. In May, the Armenian battalions and Russian regulars entered the city and drove the Ottoman army out of Van.
1622:
As a continuation of the initial goal, the creation of a "free, independent, and united" Armenia including all the territories designated as
Wilsonian Armenia by the Treaty of Sèvres — as well as the regions of
1759:
May 28, 1918: The
Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenia declares the formation of the Democratic Republic of Armenia and its independence from the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic.
1489:
could force an
Ottoman retreat. Further southeast, in Van, the Armenians resisted the Ottoman army until April 1918, while in Van the Armenians were forced to evacuate and withdraw to
1081:. I consider it very desirable to populate the border regions with a Russian element... with colonists from the Kuban and Don and in that way to form a Cossack region along the border.
878:; included were also many who broke away from the deportation columns, as they passed the vicinity on their way to Mosul. Armenians from this region retreated to the Russian frontier.
1361:
detachments accompanied these main units. The Ottomans outnumbered the Armenians three to one on a frontline 480 kilometres (300 mi) long, with high mountain areas and passes.
1450:
against the Ottoman Empire, using supplies and munitions left by the Russian army. The Armenian Congress also selected a 15-member permanent executive committee, known as the
874:
The Russians retreated eastward. There were as many as 250,000 Armenians crowded into the city of Van. These people were the escapees from the deportations established by the
1308:
on March 18, 1917, and all authority, except in the zone of the active army, was entrusted to the civil administrative body called the Special Transcaucasian Committee, or
1008:
returned to their homes, but the Russian government raised barriers in prevention. During 1916–17 about 8,000 to 10,000 Armenians were permitted to inhabit Van.
813:, there were between 67,792 (according to the 1914 Ottoman population estimates) and 185,000 Armenians (according to the Armenian Patriarch's 1912 estimate) in the
2693:
1370:
882:
1473:
to Armenia. Under heavy pressure from the combined forces of the Ottoman army and the Kurdish irregulars, the Armenian Republic was forced to withdraw from
767:". After a setback beginning in August 1915, it was re-established in June 1916. The region was allocated to Russia by the Allies in April 1916 under the
2698:
1335:
on the eve of 1917. However, the Russian Caucasus Army disintegrated, leaving Armenian soldiers to become the only defenders against the Ottoman Army.
905:
of the Vice-Consulate at Van, according to the Armenian Bishop of Erevan and other sources, was able to procure the Caucasus refugees from the region.
2364:
1351:
817:. In the city of Van itself there were around 30,000 Armenians, but more Armenians from surrounding villages joined them during the Ottoman offensive.
2002:
Memories of Eyewitness-Survivors of the Armenian Genocide: Ghazar Ghazar Gevorgian's Testimony. Born in 1907, Van, Armenian valley, Hndstan village
1596:, for the provinces claimed by the Administration of Western Armenia during its largest occupation in 1916. "Wilsonian Armenia" became part of the
2654:
2235:
2106:
1405:
1129:
1048:
1373:, who, taking into consideration the general political situation, conveyed the one thousand five hundred orphans of Children's Home of Van to
2029:
Ashot Hovhannisian, from "Hayastani avtonomian ev Antantan: Vaveragrer imperialistakan paterazmi shrdjanits (Erevan, 1926), pages 77–79
2213:
1762:
August 4, 1918: General Lionel Charles Dunsterville leads a British expeditionary force into Baku and becomes the city's military governor.
1401:
718:
2703:
2379:
1440:
short-lived Transcaucasian Federation broke up. Once they were free from Russian control, the ACEA declared the inauguration of the
2708:
1738:
September 1917: The Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenia merges Armenian volunteer units into a single militia under its control.
2763:
2753:
1451:
1425:
787:
2758:
2082:
37:
1744:
February 24, 1918: The Duma of the Transcaucasus declares the region to be an independent, democratic, federative republic.
1555:
1069:
2640:
1332:
1331:
The Russian army in the Caucasus was organized along national and ethnic lines, such as the Armenian volunteer units and
886:
2203:
1723:
1094:
977:
resumed work in the district so that bakeries could reopen, and the restoration of buildings commenced in some streets.
768:
2228:
660:
797:, forming an administrative structure after the siege of Van around April 1915. Dominant representation was from the
2589:
2559:
2307:
1816:
1791:
1632:
1110:
1078:
798:
756:
2594:
2733:
2333:
1563:
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, between the Ottoman Empire and Russian SFSR, included the establishment of Armenia in
1518:
sided with the Ottoman Empire and seized the lines of communication, cutting off the Armenian National Councils in
1316:
1114:
775:
711:
2625:
2349:
2318:
665:
605:
595:
2554:
2328:
1586:
1442:
1305:
465:
1977:
Garegin Pasdermadjian, Aram Torossian, "Why Armenia Should be Free: Armenia's RĂ´le in the Present War" page 31
1319:
issue a decree about the administration of the occupied territories. This region was officially identified as
2374:
2221:
1416:
regions to the Ottoman Empire. The treaty also stipulated that Transcaucasia was to be declared independent.
1323:
and transferred to a civilian rule under Zavriev, who oversaw districts Trebizon, Erzurum, Bitlis, and Van.
1143:
1125:
400:
390:
2243:
2748:
1458:, who declared that the Administration of Western Armenia was part of the Democratic Republic of Armenia.
686:
588:
2544:
2384:
1470:
704:
575:
480:
375:
335:
1765:
October 30, 1918: The Ottoman Empire signs the Armistice of Mudros, agreeing to leave the Transcaucasus.
1747:
March 3, 1918: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk gives Kars, Ardahan, and Batum regions to the Ottoman Empire.
1710:
May 2, 1915: Ottoman Army moves close to Van, but withdraws because of the presence of the Russian Army.
2723:
2579:
2549:
2323:
1541:, and military activity in the region ceased. Enver Pasha's movement disintegrated with the armistice.
1101:
was signed on June 18, 1916, instructing a governorship under the established system of Aram Manukian.
868:
635:
545:
505:
1704:
April 20, 1915: Armenians in the city of Van, the countryside, and small towns begin a local uprising.
833:. Patten, William and J.E. Homas, Turkey in Asia (with 6 Armenian provinces of Western Armenia), 1903.
2738:
2620:
2508:
783:
655:
530:
111:
1707:
April 24, 1915: Ottoman governor asks permission to move the Muslim civilian population to the west.
648:
2743:
2713:
2599:
2182:
1869:
1355:
794:
1753:
March 9, 1918: The Administration for Western Armenia presents its position to the Ottoman Empire.
355:
2718:
1963:
Toynbee, Arnold Joseph. "Memorandum on the Condition of Armenian Refugees in the Caucasus: ...".
1397:
744:
690:
565:
380:
216:
1603:
The realities on the ground, however, were slightly different. The idea was blocked by both the
1604:
1494:
846:
2039:
1991:
The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-1916: Documents Presented to Viscount,
1938:
The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-1916: Documents Presented to Viscount,
810:
600:
540:
190:
2198:
1965:
The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, 1915-1916: Documents Presented to Viscount
1404:
and the Ottoman Empire on March 3, 1918. The treaty assigned the Van Vilayet alongside the
2728:
2564:
2369:
2251:
1750:
March 4, 1918: The Administration for Western Armenia condemns the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
1575:
1482:
8:
2635:
1538:
1531:
1015:"Men are going in large numbers; caravans of those returning to the fatherland enter via
675:
368:
66:
1597:
2458:
2408:
2130:
Reforming the Tsar's Army: Military Innovation in Imperial Russia from Peter the Great,
2100:
1657:
1612:
1579:
1512:
555:
485:
470:
455:
344:
203:
151:
1756:
May 22, 1918: Battle of Sardarapat; Armenian militia fight against the Ottoman Empire.
897:. As a result of famine and fatigue, many refugees suffered from diseases, especially
2574:
2569:
2403:
2088:
2078:
1889:(in Armenian). Hradaragutiun Azkayin Oosoomnagan Khorhoortee, Athens. pp. 92–93.
1812:
1787:
1689:
1593:
1550:
1358:
1271:
1132:
besides Van opened other centers such as Bitlis. The Armenian refugees learning lace.
1053:
970:
625:
620:
550:
495:
93:
2156:
Richard Hovannisian "The Armenian people from ancient to modern times" Pages 292-293
1432:
joined their colleagues in declaring independence of the Transcaucasus from Russia.
1099:
Rules for the Temporary Administration of Turkish Areas occupied by the Right of War
2584:
2513:
2453:
2438:
2418:
2413:
2207:
1735:
February 1917: Russian units disintegrate. Armenian volunteer units keep formation.
1663:
1624:
1462:
1455:
1390:
1347:
1226:
1065:
801:. Aram Manukian, or "Aram of Van," was the administration's most famous governor.
535:
518:
500:
395:
163:
101:
97:
2119:
Richard G. Hovannisian, The Armenian People From Ancient To Modern Times. page 284
2528:
2523:
2518:
2463:
2359:
2344:
2043:
2020:
Gabriel Lazian (1946), "Hayastan ev Hai Dare" Cairo, Tchalkhouchian, pages 54-55.
1568:
1564:
1486:
1436:
1343:
1191:
1160:
851:
830:
694:
615:
610:
560:
448:
2059:
The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times: Foreign Dominion to Statehood,
1466:
938:
2503:
2483:
2448:
2428:
2423:
2296:
2265:
2177:
1847:
The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times: Foreign Dominion to Statehood
1608:
1589:
1164:
736:
570:
460:
307:
294:
2092:
2687:
2669:
2656:
2493:
2478:
2443:
2270:
1811:. Eminönü, Istanbul: Istanbul Commerce University Publications. p. 296.
1676:
1650:
1583:
1312:
779:
752:
475:
139:
2072:
1093:
were considered suitable for Russian colonists. Following the April 1916
1571:, forcing the Armenian borders to be pushed deeper into Russian Armenia.
1261:
1256:
1168:
988:
855:
814:
740:
405:
242:
177:
76:
2498:
1592:
to accept a mandate for Anatolia, particularly with the support of the
1339:
1206:
1016:
894:
875:
825:
764:
782:
as the Commissar, and during the early stages of the establishment of
57:
were included by Russians into Trebizon (Pontic) territorial division.
1628:
1530:. The British sent a small military force under the command of Gen.
1196:
1138:
1090:
1086:
974:
898:
490:
2011:
Jay Murray Winter "America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915" p.193
1728:
August 1916: Ottoman Army moves to the west of the region (Mush and
2488:
2433:
2301:
2166:
The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity,
2142:
The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity,
1858:
Robert-Jan Dwork Holocaust: A History by Deborah and van Pelt, p 38
1474:
1447:
1246:
902:
525:
420:
81:
2630:
2276:
2246:
1527:
1523:
1478:
1409:
1301:
1276:
1216:
1005:
890:
670:
410:
229:
1836:. Central Executive General Society of Vasbouragan. p. 125.
1831:
1567:. The Administration for Western Armenia had a setback with the
1385:
1369:
The chairman of the Van Relief Committee (Near East Relief) was
1019:. Most of the refugees in the Erevan province returned to Van."
2313:
1729:
1515:
1497:
explains the conditions of their resistance during March 1918:
1413:
1374:
1236:
435:
430:
415:
1993:"Repatriation of Refugees: Letter, dated Erevan, March, 1916."
2473:
1701:
April 19, 1915: Fire in the powder stores of the Van armoury.
425:
115:
1077:
property does not belong to them, as was the case after the
1519:
1490:
1429:
385:
1871:
The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire 1915-1916
1741:
February 10, 1918: The Duma of the Transcaucasus convenes.
1716:
August 16, 1915: Ottoman Army besieges Van; Battle of Van.
763:
head until July 1915. It was briefly referred to as "Free
1719:
September 1915: Ottoman Army is forced out by Russians.
1380:
1175:
Distribution of Resettled Western Armenian Refugees
2199:
Bryce Report: A summary of Armenian history to 1915
1537:On October 30, 1918, the Ottoman Empire signed the
1117:
included a picture of the Armenian refugees at Van.
2365:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
1435:On April 5, head of the Transcaucasian delegation
1295:
2204:Self-defense Battle Memorial of Artsiv Vaspurakan
2168:p. 98, edited by Edmund Herzig, Marina Kurkchiyan
2685:
1914:A.S. Safrastian "Narrative of Van 1915" Journal
1910:
1908:
1902:Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire" pp.314-316,
1985:
1983:
1089:coastal districts and the upper reaches of the
1085:The agricultural possibilities located off the
1867:
1342:had three main divisions, led respectively by
2694:States and territories disestablished in 1918
2229:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1905:
1878:
1611:. The Treaty of Sèvres was superseded by the
1485:, May 22–26, 1918, proved that General
1419:
1159:Approximately 150,000 Armenians relocated to
712:
1980:
743:began in 1915 and was formally ended by the
2070:
1884:
893:, helped refugees from the region to reach
2699:States and territories established in 1915
2380:Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide
2236:
2222:
2186:, 'The parting of the ways'. (Avon Books).
2144:ed. Edmund Herzig, Marina Kurkchiyan, p.96
2105:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2038:
1921:
1070:Count Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov
804:
719:
705:
50:
2077:. Vardan Mkhitaryan. Erevan. p. 47.
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1832:Onnig Mukhitarian, Haig Gossoian (1980).
1554:
1384:
1137:
1124:
1109:
881:During the counterattack, Manoukian and
854:and boundaries between countries before
845:
824:
16:By the Russian Empire during World War I
1781:
1534:into Baku, arriving on August 4, 1918.
1154:
2686:
2152:
2150:
1971:
1943:
1898:
1896:
1544:
1454:. The chairman of this committee was
1426:Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians
793:This provisional government relied on
747:. It was sometimes referred to as the
2217:
1887:Hayots Badmoutioun (Armenian History)
1713:May 3, 1915: Russian Army enters Van.
1682:
1326:
1304:of the Caucasus was abolished by the
861:
2128:David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye,
1732:), but is forced out within a month.
1617:"Administration for Western Armenia"
2641:Western Armenia Government in Exile
2147:
1962:
1893:
1849:, edited by Richard G. Hovannisian.
1806:
1381:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, March 1918
13:
2704:Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire
1688:Dec 1917 – Apr 7, 1918
1079:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78
999:
837:
354:
14:
2775:
2590:Turkish consulate attack in Paris
2308:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
2302:Armenian Democratic Liberal Party
2192:
1675:May 1917 – Dec 1917
1662:Mar 1918 – Apr 1918
1656:Dec 1917 – Mar 1918
1649:Jun 1916 – Dec 1917
1638:
1633:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1631:— was the main goal of the
1389:March–April 1918, Governor
799:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
774:From December 1917, it was under
757:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
2334:Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
2245:
2048:. Doubleday, Page & Company.
1784:Arshile Gorky: His Life and Work
1669:
1364:
1059:
963:
955:250,000 (from Narrative of Van)
312:
287:
36:
2626:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
2171:
2159:
2135:
2122:
2113:
2064:
2052:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1296:Special Transcaucasus Committee
666:Republic of Mountainous Armenia
2709:Politics of the Ottoman Empire
2595:Ankara EsenboÄźa Airport attack
2555:Occupation of the Ottoman Bank
2356:Defunct militant organizations
2329:Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party
2074:Atlas of the Armenian Genocide
1874:. London: T. Fisher Unwin Ltd.
1868:Viscount Bryce, James (1916).
1861:
1852:
1840:
1825:
1800:
1775:
1443:Democratic Republic of Armenia
1428:(ACEA) representatives on the
1396:A new border was drawn by the
1306:Russian Provisional Government
1146:of that region in summer 1916.
1004:At the turn of 1916, Armenian
983:29 December Returned refugees
790:in a briefly unified Armenia.
1:
2764:Ottoman Empire in World War I
2754:Russian Empire in World War I
2375:New Armenian Resistance Group
2045:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
1834:The Defense of Van, Parts 1-2
1769:
1526:from the National Council in
1321:"the land of Western Armenia"
1115:Ambassador Morgenthau's Story
786:, it was included with other
733:occupation of Western Armenia
23:Occupation of Western Armenia
2759:Russian military occupations
2560:Yıldız assassination attempt
2071:Harutyunyan, Babken (2019).
1885:Kurdoghlian, Mihran (1996).
1724:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
1643:
1559:Summary of Wilsonian Armenia
1095:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
769:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
7:
2616:Provisional Republic of Van
2545:Armenian national awakening
2385:Armenian Revolutionary Army
2324:National Revival of Artsakh
2061:Richard G. Hovannisian, ed.
1695:
1619:was dropped off the table.
1532:Lionel Charles Dunsterville
1315:was instrumental in having
926:Van and surrounding region
901:. On 29 December 1915, the
776:Transcaucasian Commissariat
481:Christianization of Armenia
159:• Mar 1918 – Apr 1918
147:• Dec 1917 – Mar 1918
135:• Apr 1915 – Dec 1917
10:
2780:
2580:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
2550:Armenian national movement
1807:Aya, Şükrü Server (2008).
1548:
1420:The Resistance, March 1918
1068:reported the following to
1040:between 20,000 and 30,000
1026:1 March Returned refugees
820:
788:Armenian National Councils
546:Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget
506:Muslim conquest of Armenia
2621:First Republic of Armenia
2608:
2537:
2393:
2286:
2258:
1786:. Macmillan. p. 78.
1452:Armenian National Council
1285:
1190:
1025:
982:
887:Armenian National Council
784:First Republic of Armenia
656:First Republic of Armenia
531:Principality of Hamamshen
401:Lchashen–Metsamor culture
391:Trialeti–Vanadzor culture
266:
262:
252:
239:
228:• Turkish recapture
226:
213:
209:8 March – 8 November 1917
200:
187:
183:
173:
169:
157:
145:
133:
129:
121:
107:
89:
72:
62:
49:
33:
28:
21:
2600:1983 Orly Airport attack
2470:Militants and commanders
2293:Active political parties
2183:A Peace to End All Peace
1782:Herrera, Hayden (2005).
1615:, and the fight for the
850:6 Armenian provinces of
829:6 Armenian provinces of
795:Armenian volunteer units
2734:Provisional governments
1918:, London, January, 1916
1398:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
805:Population distribution
745:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
566:Principality of Khachen
431:Urartu (Kingdom of Van)
376:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
359:Coat of Arms of Armenia
241:• Turks recapture
217:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1605:Treaty of Alexandropol
1560:
1509:
1495:Richard G. Hovannisian
1393:
1147:
1133:
1118:
1083:
1021:
858:
834:
360:
2350:National United Party
2319:National Agenda Party
1809:The genocide of truth
1558:
1499:
1461:The Ottoman Empire's
1388:
1333:Russian Caucasus Army
1141:
1128:
1113:
1074:
1013:
849:
828:
541:Kingdom of Vaspurakan
358:
90:Common languages
2670:38.49417°N 43.3800°E
2565:Battle of Sardarabad
2370:Army of Independence
2252:Armenian nationalism
1576:Conference of London
1483:Battle of Sardarapat
1371:Kostin Hambartsumian
1155:The settlement, 1917
1142:The area of Russian
916:Echmiadzin refugees
883:Sampson Aroutiounian
671:Contemporary Armenia
2749:Invasions by Russia
2666: /
2636:Republic of Artsakh
2631:Republic of Armenia
1545:Recognition Efforts
1539:Armistice of Mudros
1186:Refugees resettled
1176:
885:, president of the
869:Battle of Malazgirt
676:Republic of Artsakh
426:Nairi Confederation
381:Kura–Araxes culture
67:Military occupation
2609:Political entities
2459:Rafayel Ishkhanian
2409:Mikayel Nalbandian
1683:Civil Commissioner
1658:Tovmas Nazarbekian
1613:Treaty of Lausanne
1580:David Lloyd George
1561:
1394:
1327:National frontline
1174:
1148:
1134:
1119:
1011:One report said:
971:threshing machines
921:Caucasus refugees
862:Departure from Van
859:
835:
576:Kingdom of Cilicia
556:Kingdom of Artsakh
536:Kingdom of Armenia
526:Emirate of Armenia
486:Kingdom of Sophene
466:Kingdom of Armenia
456:Satrapy of Armenia
361:
204:Russian Revolution
152:Tovmas Nazarbekian
112:Armenian Apostolic
2724:Trebizond vilayet
2675:38.49417; 43.3800
2649:
2648:
2575:Karabakh movement
2570:February Uprising
2404:Khachatur Abovian
2084:978-9939-0-2999-3
2040:Morgenthau, Henry
1690:Drastamat Kanayan
1594:Armenian diaspora
1551:Wilsonian Armenia
1400:, signed between
1293:
1292:
1152:
1151:
1054:Caucasus Campaign
1044:
1043:
997:
996:
961:
960:
729:
728:
636:National movement
626:Armenian genocide
621:Armenian question
551:Kingdom of Syunik
496:Byzantine Armenia
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
300:
299:
254:• Dissolved
2771:
2739:1910s in Armenia
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2585:Khojaly massacre
2514:Movses Gorgisyan
2454:Silva Kaputikyan
2439:Avetis Aharonian
2419:Mkrtich Khrimian
2250:
2249:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2210:village, Armenia
2187:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2096:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1989:Arnold Toynbee,
1987:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1941:
1936:Arnold Toynbee,
1934:
1919:
1912:
1903:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1779:
1664:Andranik Ozanian
1598:Treaty of Sèvres
1507:
1506:R.G. Hovannisian
1456:Avetis Aharonyan
1391:Andranik Ozanian
1352:Mikhail Areshian
1348:Andranik Ozanian
1177:
1173:
1130:Near east relief
1104:
1103:
1066:Nikolai Yudenich
1049:Near East relief
1023:
1022:
980:
979:
908:
907:
721:
714:
707:
589:Early modern age
501:Sasanian Armenia
348:
330:
329:
316:
315:
304:
303:
291:
290:
284:
283:
268:
267:
164:Andranik Ozanian
54:
40:
19:
18:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2744:Western Armenia
2714:Erzurum vilayet
2684:
2683:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2604:
2533:
2529:Jirair Sefilian
2524:Vazgen Sargsyan
2519:Monte Melkonian
2464:Monte Melkonian
2389:
2360:Armenian fedayi
2345:Armenakan Party
2341:Defunct parties
2282:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2195:
2190:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2098:
2097:
2085:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1961:
1944:
1935:
1922:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1883:
1879:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1698:
1685:
1672:
1646:
1641:
1569:Treaty of Batum
1565:Russian Armenia
1553:
1547:
1508:
1505:
1487:Movses Silikyan
1437:Akakii Chkhenli
1422:
1383:
1367:
1344:Movses Silikyan
1329:
1298:
1161:Erzurum Vilayet
1157:
1121:
1120:
1064:In April 1915,
1062:
1046:
1002:
1000:Expansion, 1916
966:
952:Regional Total
920:
915:
864:
852:Western Armenia
840:
838:Formation, 1915
831:Western Armenia
823:
807:
749:Republic of Van
725:
681:
680:
661:Armenian S.S.R.
651:
641:
640:
631:Western Armenia
616:Armenian Oblast
611:Russian Armenia
606:Ottoman Armenia
596:Iranian Armenia
591:
581:
580:
561:Zakarid Armenia
521:
511:
510:
471:Armenian Empire
451:
441:
440:
371:
346:
339:
313:
288:
255:
245:
232:
219:
206:
193:
160:
148:
136:
114:
100:
96:
58:
45:
42:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2777:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2719:Bitlis vilayet
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Hagop Hagopian
2506:
2504:Garegin Nzhdeh
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:Kevork Chavush
2481:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Kevork Ajemian
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2429:Garegin Nzhdeh
2426:
2424:Shahan Natalie
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2297:Adequate Party
2294:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2266:United Armenia
2262:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2201:
2194:
2193:External links
2191:
2189:
2188:
2178:Fromkin, David
2170:
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2112:
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1639:Administration
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1609:Treaty of Kars
1590:Woodrow Wilson
1549:Main article:
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927:
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922:
917:
912:
863:
860:
839:
836:
822:
819:
806:
803:
751:by Armenians.
737:Russian Empire
727:
726:
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723:
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709:
701:
698:
697:
683:
682:
679:
678:
673:
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608:
603:
601:Five Melikdoms
598:
592:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
573:
571:Mongol Armenia
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
522:
517:
516:
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509:
508:
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386:Legend of Hayk
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308:Ottoman Empire
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295:Ottoman Empire
292:
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279:
274:
264:
263:
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253:
250:
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210:
207:
201:
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197:
196:April–May 1915
194:
188:
185:
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181:
180:
175:
174:Historical era
171:
170:
167:
166:
161:
158:
155:
154:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
109:
105:
104:
91:
87:
86:
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2730:
2727:
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2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2682:
2679:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Aram Manukian
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2479:Aghbiur Serob
2477:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Hayk Asatryan
2442:
2440:
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2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
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2287:Organizations
2285:
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2271:Tseghakronism
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2267:
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2263:
2261:
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2253:
2248:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2138:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2090:
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2075:
2067:
2060:
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1999:
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1986:
1984:
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1966:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
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1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1835:
1828:
1820:
1818:9789756516249
1814:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1793:9781466817081
1789:
1785:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1677:Hakob Zavriev
1674:
1673:
1670:Civil affairs
1665:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1651:Aram Manukian
1648:
1647:
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1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
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1365:Retreat, 1918
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1318:
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1313:Hakob Zavriev
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1034:Van district
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1007:
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987:
986:
981:
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972:
964:Return to Van
957:
954:
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950:
946:
943:
940:
936:
935:
931:
928:
925:
924:
918:
913:
910:
909:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
872:
870:
857:
853:
848:
844:
832:
827:
818:
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812:
802:
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796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
780:Hakob Zavriev
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
753:Aram Manukian
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
722:
717:
715:
710:
708:
703:
702:
700:
699:
696:
692:
688:
685:
684:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
650:
645:
644:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
590:
585:
584:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
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537:
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532:
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527:
524:
523:
520:
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514:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
476:Roman Armenia
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
461:Armenia Minor
459:
457:
454:
453:
450:
445:
444:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
370:
365:
364:
357:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
337:
332:
331:
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309:
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235:12 March 1918
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140:Aram Manukian
138:
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113:
110:
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92:
88:
85:
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78:
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68:
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61:
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48:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2651:
2615:
2275:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2161:
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2129:
2124:
2115:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1990:
1973:
1964:
1937:
1915:
1886:
1880:
1870:
1863:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1833:
1827:
1808:
1802:
1783:
1777:
1722:April 1916:
1621:
1616:
1602:
1573:
1562:
1536:
1510:
1500:
1463:War Minister
1460:
1441:
1434:
1423:
1406:Kars Vilayet
1402:Russian SFSR
1395:
1368:
1337:
1330:
1320:
1309:
1299:
1158:
1098:
1084:
1075:
1063:
1045:
1014:
1010:
1003:
967:
939:MuĹź Province
919:29 December
880:
873:
865:
841:
811:siege of Van
808:
792:
773:
760:
748:
732:
730:
630:
411:Arme–Shupria
277:Succeeded by
276:
271:
248:6 April 1918
222:3 March 1918
191:Siege of Van
79:
2729:Van vilayet
2673: /
1582:encouraged
1574:During the
1513:Azerbaijani
1469:, sent the
1467:Enver Pasha
1354:. Armenian
1302:Viceroyalty
1197:Gharakalisa
1169:Van Vilayet
1167:, Mush and
989:City of Van
975:flour mills
937:Malazgirt (
856:World War I
815:Van Vilayet
809:During the
741:World War I
519:Middle Ages
406:Hayasa-Azzi
345:History of
272:Preceded by
178:World War I
2688:Categories
2658:38°29.65′N
2499:Armen Garo
2304:(Ramgavar)
2093:1256558984
1770:References
1471:Third Army
1340:front line
1237:Mamakhatun
1144:occupation
914:13 August
895:Echmiadzin
876:Tehcir Law
765:Vaspurakan
649:Modern age
369:Prehistory
258:April 1918
2661:43°22.8′E
2336:(Hunchak)
2310:(Dashnak)
2101:cite book
1653:(interim)
1644:Governors
1587:President
1377:in 1917.
1359:guerrilla
1277:Trebizond
1272:Trebizond
1171:in 1917.
1091:Euphrates
1087:Black Sea
1029:Expected
899:dysentery
695:Etymology
491:Commagene
449:Antiquity
108:Religion
29:1915–1918
2489:Andranik
2434:Siamanto
2400:Thinkers
2259:Ideology
2180:(1989),
2042:(1917).
1696:Timeline
1607:and the
1584:American
1504:—
1475:Erzincan
1448:Caucasus
1356:partisan
1289:144,600
1180:Vilayet
1006:refugees
947:20,038
932:105,000
929:203,000
903:Dragoman
761:de facto
759:was the
687:Timeline
336:a series
334:Part of
122:Governor
94:Armenian
82:de facto
2538:History
2277:Miatsum
1940:p. 226.
1629:Javakhk
1625:Artsakh
1528:Tbilisi
1479:Erzurum
1410:Ardahan
1310:Ozakom.
1266:27,600
1247:Yerznka
1231:10,000
1227:Bayazit
1221:22,000
1211:32,500
1201:35,000
1192:Erzurum
1037:12,000
944:60,000
911:Origin
891:Tbilisi
821:History
778:, with
755:of the
739:during
735:by the
691:Origins
347:Armenia
230:Erzurum
215:•
202:•
189:•
102:Kurdish
98:Turkish
73:Capital
2394:People
2314:Hosank
2208:Agarak
2091:
2081:
1916:Ararat
1815:
1790:
1730:Bitlis
1524:Erevan
1516:Tatars
1491:Persia
1481:. The
1412:, and
1375:Gyumri
1317:Ozakom
1286:TOTAL
1281:1,500
1251:7,000
1241:9,000
1217:Erzrum
1097:, the
993:6,000
436:Etiuni
416:Mushki
396:Armani
338:on the
125:
63:Status
2474:Arabo
2414:Raffi
2132:p. 52
1414:Batum
1207:Khnus
1183:City
1017:Iğdır
421:Urumu
116:Islam
2107:link
2089:OCLC
2079:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1627:and
1522:and
1520:Baku
1511:The
1430:Duma
1424:The
1350:and
1338:The
1300:The
1047:The
973:and
731:The
44:Flag
2206:in
1477:to
1262:Van
1257:Van
889:of
243:Van
77:Van
2690::
2149:^
2103:}}
2099:{{
2087:.
1982:^
1945:^
1923:^
1907:^
1895:^
1635:.
1600:.
1578:,
1493:.
1465:,
1408:,
1346:,
1163:,
1056:.
941:)
871:.
771:.
693:•
689:•
2237:e
2230:t
2223:v
2109:)
2095:.
1967:.
1821:.
1796:.
1072::
720:e
713:t
706:v
84:)
80:(
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